[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164113},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method":3,"nav-reference":2316},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2309,"extension":2310,"meta":2311,"navigation":134,"path":2312,"seo":2313,"stem":2314,"__hash__":2315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2281},"minimark",[9,19,26,37,42,169,174,220,226,233,253,266,270,291,294,307,310,390,394,435,439,442,574,578,658,661,679,682,686,692,695,706,708,914,918,1026,1029,1050,1053,1060,1066,1071,1085,1087,1216,1220,1300,1315,1321,1324,1334,1339,1472,1476,1551,1556,1687,1691,1765,1768,1782,1786,1790,1804,1806,1945,1949,2019,2023,2028,2052,2055,2167,2170,2181,2188,2192,2199,2202,2209,2212,2222,2230,2234,2237,2241,2277],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-copy-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"copy()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"dict.copy()"," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,27,28,29,31,32,36],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,30,17],{}," makes a ",[33,34,35],"strong",{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"quick-example","Quick example",[43,44,49],"pre",{"className":45,"code":46,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n","python","",[15,50,51,108,129,136,152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53,56,60,64,68,72,76,78,81,84,87,89,92,94,97,99,101,105],"span",{"class":54,"line":55},"line",1,[52,57,59],{"class":58},"su5hD","student ",[52,61,63],{"class":62},"smGrS","=",[52,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E"," {",[52,69,71],{"class":70},"sjJ54","\"",[52,73,75],{"class":74},"s_sjI","name",[52,77,71],{"class":70},[52,79,80],{"class":66},":",[52,82,83],{"class":70}," \"",[52,85,86],{"class":74},"Ana",[52,88,71],{"class":70},[52,90,91],{"class":66},",",[52,93,83],{"class":70},[52,95,96],{"class":74},"age",[52,98,71],{"class":70},[52,100,80],{"class":66},[52,102,104],{"class":103},"srdBf"," 20",[52,106,107],{"class":66},"}\n",[52,109,111,114,116,119,122,126],{"class":54,"line":110},2,[52,112,113],{"class":58},"student_copy ",[52,115,63],{"class":62},[52,117,118],{"class":58}," student",[52,120,121],{"class":66},".",[52,123,125],{"class":124},"slqww","copy",[52,127,128],{"class":66},"()\n",[52,130,132],{"class":54,"line":131},3,[52,133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},true,"\n",[52,137,139,143,146,149],{"class":54,"line":138},4,[52,140,142],{"class":141},"sptTA","print",[52,144,145],{"class":66},"(",[52,147,148],{"class":124},"student_copy",[52,150,151],{"class":66},")\n",[52,153,155,157,159,161,165,167],{"class":54,"line":154},5,[52,156,142],{"class":141},[52,158,145],{"class":66},[52,160,113],{"class":124},[52,162,164],{"class":163},"sVHd0","is",[52,166,118],{"class":124},[52,168,151],{"class":66},[20,170,171],{},[33,172,173],{},"Output:",[43,175,177],{"className":45,"code":176,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,178,179,214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,180,181,184,187,189,191,193,196,198,200,202,204,206,208,210,212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,182,183],{"class":66},"{",[52,185,186],{"class":70},"'",[52,188,75],{"class":74},[52,190,186],{"class":70},[52,192,80],{"class":66},[52,194,195],{"class":70}," '",[52,197,86],{"class":74},[52,199,186],{"class":70},[52,201,91],{"class":66},[52,203,195],{"class":70},[52,205,96],{"class":74},[52,207,186],{"class":70},[52,209,80],{"class":66},[52,211,104],{"class":103},[52,213,107],{"class":66},[52,215,216],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,217,219],{"class":218},"s39Yj","False\n",[20,221,222,223,225],{},"Use ",[15,224,17],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[38,227,229,230,232],{"id":228},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,231,17],{}," method does",[234,235,236,242,245,250],"ul",{},[237,238,239,241],"li",{},[15,240,24],{}," returns a new dictionary",[237,243,244],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[237,246,247,248],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,249,17],{},[237,251,252],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,254,255,256,261,262,121],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[257,258,260],"a",{"href":259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained","Python dictionaries explained"," or ",[257,263,265],{"href":264},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","creating a dictionary in Python",[38,267,269],{"id":268},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[43,271,273],{"className":45,"code":272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,274,275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,276,277,280,282,285,287,289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,278,279],{"class":58},"new_dict ",[52,281,63],{"class":62},[52,283,284],{"class":58}," old_dict",[52,286,121],{"class":66},[52,288,125],{"class":124},[52,290,128],{"class":66},[20,292,293],{},"Key points:",[234,295,296,301,304],{},[237,297,298,300],{},[15,299,17],{}," takes no arguments",[237,302,303],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[237,305,306],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,308,309],{},"Example:",[43,311,313],{"className":45,"code":312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,314,315,359,375,379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,316,317,320,322,324,326,328,330,332,334,337,339,341,343,346,348,350,352,355,357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,318,319],{"class":58},"colors ",[52,321,63],{"class":62},[52,323,67],{"class":66},[52,325,71],{"class":70},[52,327,257],{"class":74},[52,329,71],{"class":70},[52,331,80],{"class":66},[52,333,83],{"class":70},[52,335,336],{"class":74},"red",[52,338,71],{"class":70},[52,340,91],{"class":66},[52,342,83],{"class":70},[52,344,345],{"class":74},"b",[52,347,71],{"class":70},[52,349,80],{"class":66},[52,351,83],{"class":70},[52,353,354],{"class":74},"blue",[52,356,71],{"class":70},[52,358,107],{"class":66},[52,360,361,364,366,369,371,373],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,362,363],{"class":58},"new_colors ",[52,365,63],{"class":62},[52,367,368],{"class":58}," colors",[52,370,121],{"class":66},[52,372,125],{"class":124},[52,374,128],{"class":66},[52,376,377],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,378,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,380,381,383,385,388],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,382,142],{"class":141},[52,384,145],{"class":66},[52,386,387],{"class":124},"new_colors",[52,389,151],{"class":66},[20,391,392],{},[33,393,173],{},[43,395,397],{"className":45,"code":396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,398,399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,400,401,403,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419,421,423,425,427,429,431,433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,402,183],{"class":66},[52,404,186],{"class":70},[52,406,257],{"class":74},[52,408,186],{"class":70},[52,410,80],{"class":66},[52,412,195],{"class":70},[52,414,336],{"class":74},[52,416,186],{"class":70},[52,418,91],{"class":66},[52,420,195],{"class":70},[52,422,345],{"class":74},[52,424,186],{"class":70},[52,426,80],{"class":66},[52,428,195],{"class":70},[52,430,354],{"class":74},[52,432,186],{"class":70},[52,434,107],{"class":66},[38,436,438],{"id":437},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,440,441],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[43,443,445],{"className":45,"code":444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,446,447,486,502,506,529,533,553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,448,449,452,454,456,458,460,462,464,466,469,471,473,475,477,479,481,484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,450,451],{"class":58},"person ",[52,453,63],{"class":62},[52,455,67],{"class":66},[52,457,71],{"class":70},[52,459,75],{"class":74},[52,461,71],{"class":70},[52,463,80],{"class":66},[52,465,83],{"class":70},[52,467,468],{"class":74},"Liam",[52,470,71],{"class":70},[52,472,91],{"class":66},[52,474,83],{"class":70},[52,476,96],{"class":74},[52,478,71],{"class":70},[52,480,80],{"class":66},[52,482,483],{"class":103}," 25",[52,485,107],{"class":66},[52,487,488,491,493,496,498,500],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,489,490],{"class":58},"person_copy ",[52,492,63],{"class":62},[52,494,495],{"class":58}," person",[52,497,121],{"class":66},[52,499,125],{"class":124},[52,501,128],{"class":66},[52,503,504],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,505,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,507,508,511,514,516,518,520,523,526],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,509,510],{"class":58},"person_copy",[52,512,513],{"class":66},"[",[52,515,71],{"class":70},[52,517,96],{"class":74},[52,519,71],{"class":70},[52,521,522],{"class":66},"]",[52,524,525],{"class":62}," =",[52,527,528],{"class":103}," 26\n",[52,530,531],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,532,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,534,536,538,540,542,545,547,549,551],{"class":54,"line":535},6,[52,537,142],{"class":141},[52,539,145],{"class":66},[52,541,71],{"class":70},[52,543,544],{"class":74},"Original:",[52,546,71],{"class":70},[52,548,91],{"class":66},[52,550,495],{"class":124},[52,552,151],{"class":66},[52,554,556,558,560,562,565,567,569,572],{"class":54,"line":555},7,[52,557,142],{"class":141},[52,559,145],{"class":66},[52,561,71],{"class":70},[52,563,564],{"class":74},"Copy:",[52,566,71],{"class":70},[52,568,91],{"class":66},[52,570,571],{"class":124}," person_copy",[52,573,151],{"class":66},[20,575,576],{},[33,577,173],{},[43,579,581],{"className":45,"code":580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,582,583,620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,584,585,588,590,592,594,596,598,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,586,587],{"class":58},"Original",[52,589,80],{"class":66},[52,591,67],{"class":66},[52,593,186],{"class":70},[52,595,75],{"class":74},[52,597,186],{"class":70},[52,599,80],{"class":66},[52,601,195],{"class":70},[52,603,468],{"class":74},[52,605,186],{"class":70},[52,607,91],{"class":66},[52,609,195],{"class":70},[52,611,96],{"class":74},[52,613,186],{"class":70},[52,615,80],{"class":66},[52,617,483],{"class":103},[52,619,107],{"class":66},[52,621,622,625,627,629,631,633,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,653,656],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,623,624],{"class":58},"Copy",[52,626,80],{"class":66},[52,628,67],{"class":66},[52,630,186],{"class":70},[52,632,75],{"class":74},[52,634,186],{"class":70},[52,636,80],{"class":66},[52,638,195],{"class":70},[52,640,468],{"class":74},[52,642,186],{"class":70},[52,644,91],{"class":66},[52,646,195],{"class":70},[52,648,96],{"class":74},[52,650,186],{"class":70},[52,652,80],{"class":66},[52,654,655],{"class":103}," 26",[52,657,107],{"class":66},[20,659,660],{},"What happened here:",[234,662,663,669,676],{},[237,664,665,668],{},[15,666,667],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[237,670,671,672,675],{},"Changing ",[15,673,674],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[237,677,678],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,680,681],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[38,683,685],{"id":684},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,687,688,31,690,121],{},[15,689,17],{},[33,691,35],{},[20,693,694],{},"That means:",[234,696,697,700,703],{},[237,698,699],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[237,701,702],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[237,704,705],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,707,309],{},[43,709,711],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,712,713,722,742,767,771,775,789,793,819,824,843,863,878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,714,715,717,719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,716,59],{"class":58},[52,718,63],{"class":62},[52,720,721],{"class":66}," {\n",[52,723,724,727,729,731,733,735,737,739],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,725,726],{"class":70},"    \"",[52,728,75],{"class":74},[52,730,71],{"class":70},[52,732,80],{"class":66},[52,734,83],{"class":70},[52,736,86],{"class":74},[52,738,71],{"class":70},[52,740,741],{"class":66},",\n",[52,743,744,746,749,751,753,756,759,761,764],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,745,726],{"class":70},[52,747,748],{"class":74},"grades",[52,750,71],{"class":70},[52,752,80],{"class":66},[52,754,755],{"class":66}," [",[52,757,758],{"class":103},"90",[52,760,91],{"class":66},[52,762,763],{"class":103}," 85",[52,765,766],{"class":66},"]\n",[52,768,769],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,770,107],{"class":66},[52,772,773],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,774,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,776,777,779,781,783,785,787],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,778,113],{"class":58},[52,780,63],{"class":62},[52,782,118],{"class":58},[52,784,121],{"class":66},[52,786,125],{"class":124},[52,788,128],{"class":66},[52,790,791],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,792,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,809,812,814,817],{"class":54,"line":795},8,[52,797,148],{"class":58},[52,799,513],{"class":66},[52,801,71],{"class":70},[52,803,748],{"class":74},[52,805,71],{"class":70},[52,807,808],{"class":66},"].",[52,810,811],{"class":124},"append",[52,813,145],{"class":66},[52,815,816],{"class":103},"100",[52,818,151],{"class":66},[52,820,822],{"class":54,"line":821},9,[52,823,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,825,827,829,831,833,835,837,839,841],{"class":54,"line":826},10,[52,828,142],{"class":141},[52,830,145],{"class":66},[52,832,71],{"class":70},[52,834,544],{"class":74},[52,836,71],{"class":70},[52,838,91],{"class":66},[52,840,118],{"class":124},[52,842,151],{"class":66},[52,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,861],{"class":54,"line":845},11,[52,847,142],{"class":141},[52,849,145],{"class":66},[52,851,71],{"class":70},[52,853,564],{"class":74},[52,855,71],{"class":70},[52,857,91],{"class":66},[52,859,860],{"class":124}," student_copy",[52,862,151],{"class":66},[52,864,866,868,870,872,874,876],{"class":54,"line":865},12,[52,867,142],{"class":141},[52,869,145],{"class":66},[52,871,59],{"class":124},[52,873,164],{"class":163},[52,875,860],{"class":124},[52,877,151],{"class":66},[52,879,881,883,885,888,890,892,894,896,898,901,903,905,907,909,911],{"class":54,"line":880},13,[52,882,142],{"class":141},[52,884,145],{"class":66},[52,886,887],{"class":124},"student",[52,889,513],{"class":66},[52,891,71],{"class":70},[52,893,748],{"class":74},[52,895,71],{"class":70},[52,897,522],{"class":66},[52,899,900],{"class":163}," is",[52,902,860],{"class":124},[52,904,513],{"class":66},[52,906,71],{"class":70},[52,908,748],{"class":74},[52,910,71],{"class":70},[52,912,913],{"class":66},"])\n",[20,915,916],{},[33,917,173],{},[43,919,921],{"className":45,"code":920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,922,923,971,1017,1021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,924,925,927,929,931,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,947,949,951,953,955,957,959,961,963,965,968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,926,587],{"class":58},[52,928,80],{"class":66},[52,930,67],{"class":66},[52,932,186],{"class":70},[52,934,75],{"class":74},[52,936,186],{"class":70},[52,938,80],{"class":66},[52,940,195],{"class":70},[52,942,86],{"class":74},[52,944,186],{"class":70},[52,946,91],{"class":66},[52,948,195],{"class":70},[52,950,748],{"class":74},[52,952,186],{"class":70},[52,954,80],{"class":66},[52,956,755],{"class":66},[52,958,758],{"class":103},[52,960,91],{"class":66},[52,962,763],{"class":103},[52,964,91],{"class":66},[52,966,967],{"class":103}," 100",[52,969,970],{"class":66},"]}\n",[52,972,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,974,624],{"class":58},[52,976,80],{"class":66},[52,978,67],{"class":66},[52,980,186],{"class":70},[52,982,75],{"class":74},[52,984,186],{"class":70},[52,986,80],{"class":66},[52,988,195],{"class":70},[52,990,86],{"class":74},[52,992,186],{"class":70},[52,994,91],{"class":66},[52,996,195],{"class":70},[52,998,748],{"class":74},[52,1000,186],{"class":70},[52,1002,80],{"class":66},[52,1004,755],{"class":66},[52,1006,758],{"class":103},[52,1008,91],{"class":66},[52,1010,763],{"class":103},[52,1012,91],{"class":66},[52,1014,967],{"class":103},[52,1016,970],{"class":66},[52,1018,1019],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1020,219],{"class":218},[52,1022,1023],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1024,1025],{"class":218},"True\n",[20,1027,1028],{},"Notice the difference:",[234,1030,1031,1041],{},[237,1032,1033,1036,1037,1040],{},[15,1034,1035],{},"student is student_copy"," is ",[15,1038,1039],{},"False",", so they are different dictionaries",[237,1042,1043,1036,1046,1049],{},[15,1044,1045],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,1047,1048],{},"True",", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,1051,1052],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,1054,1055,1056,121],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[257,1057,1059],{"href":1058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[38,1061,1063,1064],{"id":1062},"when-to-use-copy","When to use ",[15,1065,17],{},[20,1067,222,1068,1070],{},[15,1069,17],{}," when:",[234,1072,1073,1076,1079,1082],{},[237,1074,1075],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[237,1077,1078],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[237,1080,1081],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[237,1083,1084],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,1086,309],{},[43,1088,1090],{"className":45,"code":1089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,1091,1092,1133,1149,1153,1173,1177,1196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1093,1094,1097,1099,1101,1103,1106,1108,1110,1112,1115,1117,1119,1121,1124,1126,1128,1131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1095,1096],{"class":58},"settings ",[52,1098,63],{"class":62},[52,1100,67],{"class":66},[52,1102,71],{"class":70},[52,1104,1105],{"class":74},"theme",[52,1107,71],{"class":70},[52,1109,80],{"class":66},[52,1111,83],{"class":70},[52,1113,1114],{"class":74},"dark",[52,1116,71],{"class":70},[52,1118,91],{"class":66},[52,1120,83],{"class":70},[52,1122,1123],{"class":74},"font_size",[52,1125,71],{"class":70},[52,1127,80],{"class":66},[52,1129,1130],{"class":103}," 14",[52,1132,107],{"class":66},[52,1134,1135,1138,1140,1143,1145,1147],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1136,1137],{"class":58},"settings_backup ",[52,1139,63],{"class":62},[52,1141,1142],{"class":58}," settings",[52,1144,121],{"class":66},[52,1146,125],{"class":124},[52,1148,128],{"class":66},[52,1150,1151],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1152,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1154,1155,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1156,1157],{"class":58},"settings",[52,1159,513],{"class":66},[52,1161,71],{"class":70},[52,1163,1123],{"class":74},[52,1165,71],{"class":70},[52,1167,522],{"class":66},[52,1169,525],{"class":62},[52,1171,1172],{"class":103}," 16\n",[52,1174,1175],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,1176,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1178,1179,1181,1183,1185,1188,1190,1192,1194],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,1180,142],{"class":141},[52,1182,145],{"class":66},[52,1184,71],{"class":70},[52,1186,1187],{"class":74},"Current:",[52,1189,71],{"class":70},[52,1191,91],{"class":66},[52,1193,1142],{"class":124},[52,1195,151],{"class":66},[52,1197,1198,1200,1202,1204,1207,1209,1211,1214],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,1199,142],{"class":141},[52,1201,145],{"class":66},[52,1203,71],{"class":70},[52,1205,1206],{"class":74},"Backup:",[52,1208,71],{"class":70},[52,1210,91],{"class":66},[52,1212,1213],{"class":124}," settings_backup",[52,1215,151],{"class":66},[20,1217,1218],{},[33,1219,173],{},[43,1221,1223],{"className":45,"code":1222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,1224,1225,1263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1226,1227,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1228,1229],{"class":58},"Current",[52,1231,80],{"class":66},[52,1233,67],{"class":66},[52,1235,186],{"class":70},[52,1237,1105],{"class":74},[52,1239,186],{"class":70},[52,1241,80],{"class":66},[52,1243,195],{"class":70},[52,1245,1114],{"class":74},[52,1247,186],{"class":70},[52,1249,91],{"class":66},[52,1251,195],{"class":70},[52,1253,1123],{"class":74},[52,1255,186],{"class":70},[52,1257,80],{"class":66},[52,1259,1260],{"class":103}," 16",[52,1262,107],{"class":66},[52,1264,1265,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1266,1267],{"class":58},"Backup",[52,1269,80],{"class":66},[52,1271,67],{"class":66},[52,1273,186],{"class":70},[52,1275,1105],{"class":74},[52,1277,186],{"class":70},[52,1279,80],{"class":66},[52,1281,195],{"class":70},[52,1283,1114],{"class":74},[52,1285,186],{"class":70},[52,1287,91],{"class":66},[52,1289,195],{"class":70},[52,1291,1123],{"class":74},[52,1293,186],{"class":70},[52,1295,80],{"class":66},[52,1297,1130],{"class":103},[52,1299,107],{"class":66},[20,1301,1302,1303,261,1309,121],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[257,1304,1306],{"href":1305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,1307,1308],{},"dict.update()",[257,1310,1312],{"href":1311},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",[15,1313,1314],{},"dict.clear()",[38,1316,1318,1320],{"id":1317},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,1319,17],{}," vs assignment",[20,1322,1323],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,1325,1326,1327,1329,1330,1333],{},"Using ",[15,1328,63],{}," does ",[33,1331,1332],{},"not"," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1335,1336,1338],"h3",{"id":1337},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[43,1340,1342],{"className":45,"code":1341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,1343,1344,1381,1391,1395,1415,1419,1438,1458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1345,1346,1349,1351,1353,1355,1358,1360,1362,1365,1367,1369,1372,1374,1376,1379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1347,1348],{"class":58},"original ",[52,1350,63],{"class":62},[52,1352,67],{"class":66},[52,1354,71],{"class":70},[52,1356,1357],{"class":74},"x",[52,1359,71],{"class":70},[52,1361,80],{"class":66},[52,1363,1364],{"class":103}," 1",[52,1366,91],{"class":66},[52,1368,83],{"class":70},[52,1370,1371],{"class":74},"y",[52,1373,71],{"class":70},[52,1375,80],{"class":66},[52,1377,1378],{"class":103}," 2",[52,1380,107],{"class":66},[52,1382,1383,1386,1388],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1384,1385],{"class":58},"assigned ",[52,1387,63],{"class":62},[52,1389,1390],{"class":58}," original\n",[52,1392,1393],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1394,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1396,1397,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1398,1399],{"class":58},"assigned",[52,1401,513],{"class":66},[52,1403,71],{"class":70},[52,1405,1357],{"class":74},[52,1407,71],{"class":70},[52,1409,522],{"class":66},[52,1411,525],{"class":62},[52,1413,1414],{"class":103}," 99\n",[52,1416,1417],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,1418,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1420,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1436],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,1422,142],{"class":141},[52,1424,145],{"class":66},[52,1426,71],{"class":70},[52,1428,544],{"class":74},[52,1430,71],{"class":70},[52,1432,91],{"class":66},[52,1434,1435],{"class":124}," original",[52,1437,151],{"class":66},[52,1439,1440,1442,1444,1446,1449,1451,1453,1456],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,1441,142],{"class":141},[52,1443,145],{"class":66},[52,1445,71],{"class":70},[52,1447,1448],{"class":74},"Assigned:",[52,1450,71],{"class":70},[52,1452,91],{"class":66},[52,1454,1455],{"class":124}," assigned",[52,1457,151],{"class":66},[52,1459,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,1461,142],{"class":141},[52,1463,145],{"class":66},[52,1465,1348],{"class":124},[52,1467,164],{"class":163},[52,1469,1455],{"class":124},[52,1471,151],{"class":66},[20,1473,1474],{},[33,1475,173],{},[43,1477,1479],{"className":45,"code":1478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,1480,1481,1514,1547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1482,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1484,587],{"class":58},[52,1486,80],{"class":66},[52,1488,67],{"class":66},[52,1490,186],{"class":70},[52,1492,1357],{"class":74},[52,1494,186],{"class":70},[52,1496,80],{"class":66},[52,1498,1499],{"class":103}," 99",[52,1501,91],{"class":66},[52,1503,195],{"class":70},[52,1505,1371],{"class":74},[52,1507,186],{"class":70},[52,1509,80],{"class":66},[52,1511,1378],{"class":103},[52,1513,107],{"class":66},[52,1515,1516,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1517,1518],{"class":58},"Assigned",[52,1520,80],{"class":66},[52,1522,67],{"class":66},[52,1524,186],{"class":70},[52,1526,1357],{"class":74},[52,1528,186],{"class":70},[52,1530,80],{"class":66},[52,1532,1499],{"class":103},[52,1534,91],{"class":66},[52,1536,195],{"class":70},[52,1538,1371],{"class":74},[52,1540,186],{"class":70},[52,1542,80],{"class":66},[52,1544,1378],{"class":103},[52,1546,107],{"class":66},[52,1548,1549],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1550,1025],{"class":218},[1335,1552,1326,1554],{"id":1553},"using-copy",[15,1555,17],{},[43,1557,1559],{"className":45,"code":1558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,1560,1561,1593,1608,1612,1631,1635,1653,1673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1562,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1564,1348],{"class":58},[52,1566,63],{"class":62},[52,1568,67],{"class":66},[52,1570,71],{"class":70},[52,1572,1357],{"class":74},[52,1574,71],{"class":70},[52,1576,80],{"class":66},[52,1578,1364],{"class":103},[52,1580,91],{"class":66},[52,1582,83],{"class":70},[52,1584,1371],{"class":74},[52,1586,71],{"class":70},[52,1588,80],{"class":66},[52,1590,1378],{"class":103},[52,1592,107],{"class":66},[52,1594,1595,1598,1600,1602,1604,1606],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1596,1597],{"class":58},"copied ",[52,1599,63],{"class":62},[52,1601,1435],{"class":58},[52,1603,121],{"class":66},[52,1605,125],{"class":124},[52,1607,128],{"class":66},[52,1609,1610],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1611,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1613,1614,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1615,1616],{"class":58},"copied",[52,1618,513],{"class":66},[52,1620,71],{"class":70},[52,1622,1357],{"class":74},[52,1624,71],{"class":70},[52,1626,522],{"class":66},[52,1628,525],{"class":62},[52,1630,1414],{"class":103},[52,1632,1633],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,1634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1636,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649,1651],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,1638,142],{"class":141},[52,1640,145],{"class":66},[52,1642,71],{"class":70},[52,1644,544],{"class":74},[52,1646,71],{"class":70},[52,1648,91],{"class":66},[52,1650,1435],{"class":124},[52,1652,151],{"class":66},[52,1654,1655,1657,1659,1661,1664,1666,1668,1671],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,1656,142],{"class":141},[52,1658,145],{"class":66},[52,1660,71],{"class":70},[52,1662,1663],{"class":74},"Copied:",[52,1665,71],{"class":70},[52,1667,91],{"class":66},[52,1669,1670],{"class":124}," copied",[52,1672,151],{"class":66},[52,1674,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,1676,142],{"class":141},[52,1678,145],{"class":66},[52,1680,1348],{"class":124},[52,1682,164],{"class":163},[52,1684,1670],{"class":124},[52,1686,151],{"class":66},[20,1688,1689],{},[33,1690,173],{},[43,1692,1694],{"className":45,"code":1693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,1695,1696,1728,1761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1697,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1699,587],{"class":58},[52,1701,80],{"class":66},[52,1703,67],{"class":66},[52,1705,186],{"class":70},[52,1707,1357],{"class":74},[52,1709,186],{"class":70},[52,1711,80],{"class":66},[52,1713,1364],{"class":103},[52,1715,91],{"class":66},[52,1717,195],{"class":70},[52,1719,1371],{"class":74},[52,1721,186],{"class":70},[52,1723,80],{"class":66},[52,1725,1378],{"class":103},[52,1727,107],{"class":66},[52,1729,1730,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1731,1732],{"class":58},"Copied",[52,1734,80],{"class":66},[52,1736,67],{"class":66},[52,1738,186],{"class":70},[52,1740,1357],{"class":74},[52,1742,186],{"class":70},[52,1744,80],{"class":66},[52,1746,1499],{"class":103},[52,1748,91],{"class":66},[52,1750,195],{"class":70},[52,1752,1371],{"class":74},[52,1754,186],{"class":70},[52,1756,80],{"class":66},[52,1758,1378],{"class":103},[52,1760,107],{"class":66},[52,1762,1763],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1764,219],{"class":218},[20,1766,1767],{},"Summary:",[234,1769,1770,1776],{},[237,1771,1772,1775],{},[15,1773,1774],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[237,1777,1778,1781],{},[15,1779,1780],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[38,1783,1785],{"id":1784},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,1787,1788,80],{},[15,1789,17],{},[234,1791,1792,1795,1798,1801],{},[237,1793,1794],{},"Returns a dictionary",[237,1796,1797],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[237,1799,1800],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[237,1802,1803],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,1805,309],{},[43,1807,1809],{"className":45,"code":1808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,1810,1811,1844,1860,1864,1884,1904,1908,1926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1812,1813,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1814,1815],{"class":58},"data ",[52,1817,63],{"class":62},[52,1819,67],{"class":66},[52,1821,71],{"class":70},[52,1823,257],{"class":74},[52,1825,71],{"class":70},[52,1827,80],{"class":66},[52,1829,1364],{"class":103},[52,1831,91],{"class":66},[52,1833,83],{"class":70},[52,1835,345],{"class":74},[52,1837,71],{"class":70},[52,1839,80],{"class":66},[52,1841,1378],{"class":103},[52,1843,107],{"class":66},[52,1845,1846,1849,1851,1854,1856,1858],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1847,1848],{"class":58},"data_copy ",[52,1850,63],{"class":62},[52,1852,1853],{"class":58}," data",[52,1855,121],{"class":66},[52,1857,125],{"class":124},[52,1859,128],{"class":66},[52,1861,1862],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1863,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1865,1866,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1867,1868],{"class":58},"data",[52,1870,513],{"class":66},[52,1872,71],{"class":70},[52,1874,257],{"class":74},[52,1876,71],{"class":70},[52,1878,522],{"class":66},[52,1880,525],{"class":62},[52,1882,1883],{"class":103}," 10\n",[52,1885,1886,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899,1901],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,1887,1888],{"class":58},"data_copy",[52,1890,513],{"class":66},[52,1892,71],{"class":70},[52,1894,345],{"class":74},[52,1896,71],{"class":70},[52,1898,522],{"class":66},[52,1900,525],{"class":62},[52,1902,1903],{"class":103}," 20\n",[52,1905,1906],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,1907,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,1909,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,1911,142],{"class":141},[52,1913,145],{"class":66},[52,1915,71],{"class":70},[52,1917,544],{"class":74},[52,1919,71],{"class":70},[52,1921,91],{"class":66},[52,1923,1853],{"class":124},[52,1925,151],{"class":66},[52,1927,1928,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1940,1943],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,1929,142],{"class":141},[52,1931,145],{"class":66},[52,1933,71],{"class":70},[52,1935,564],{"class":74},[52,1937,71],{"class":70},[52,1939,91],{"class":66},[52,1941,1942],{"class":124}," data_copy",[52,1944,151],{"class":66},[20,1946,1947],{},[33,1948,173],{},[43,1950,1952],{"className":45,"code":1951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,1953,1954,1987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1955,1956,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1973,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1957,587],{"class":58},[52,1959,80],{"class":66},[52,1961,67],{"class":66},[52,1963,186],{"class":70},[52,1965,257],{"class":74},[52,1967,186],{"class":70},[52,1969,80],{"class":66},[52,1971,1972],{"class":103}," 10",[52,1974,91],{"class":66},[52,1976,195],{"class":70},[52,1978,345],{"class":74},[52,1980,186],{"class":70},[52,1982,80],{"class":66},[52,1984,1378],{"class":103},[52,1986,107],{"class":66},[52,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,1990,624],{"class":58},[52,1992,80],{"class":66},[52,1994,67],{"class":66},[52,1996,186],{"class":70},[52,1998,257],{"class":74},[52,2000,186],{"class":70},[52,2002,80],{"class":66},[52,2004,1364],{"class":103},[52,2006,91],{"class":66},[52,2008,195],{"class":70},[52,2010,345],{"class":74},[52,2012,186],{"class":70},[52,2014,80],{"class":66},[52,2016,104],{"class":103},[52,2018,107],{"class":66},[38,2020,2022],{"id":2021},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,2024,2025,2026,80],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,2027,24],{},[234,2029,2030,2038,2044,2049],{},[237,2031,1326,2032,2034,2035,2037],{},[15,2033,63],{}," instead of ",[15,2036,17],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[237,2039,2040,2041,2043],{},"Assuming ",[15,2042,17],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[237,2045,2046,2047],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,2048,17],{},[237,2050,2051],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,2053,2054],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[43,2056,2058],{"className":45,"code":2057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,2059,2060,2071,2081,2095,2121,2145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2061,2062,2064,2066,2069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2063,142],{"class":141},[52,2065,145],{"class":66},[52,2067,2068],{"class":124},"original",[52,2070,151],{"class":66},[52,2072,2073,2075,2077,2079],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2074,142],{"class":141},[52,2076,145],{"class":66},[52,2078,1616],{"class":124},[52,2080,151],{"class":66},[52,2082,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2084,142],{"class":141},[52,2086,145],{"class":66},[52,2088,1348],{"class":124},[52,2090,164],{"class":163},[52,2092,1670],{"class":124},[52,2094,151],{"class":66},[52,2096,2097,2099,2101,2104,2106,2108,2111,2114,2116,2118],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,2098,142],{"class":141},[52,2100,145],{"class":66},[52,2102,2103],{"class":141},"id",[52,2105,145],{"class":66},[52,2107,2068],{"class":124},[52,2109,2110],{"class":66},"),",[52,2112,2113],{"class":141}," id",[52,2115,145],{"class":66},[52,2117,1616],{"class":124},[52,2119,2120],{"class":66},"))\n",[52,2122,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2135,2137,2140,2142],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,2124,142],{"class":141},[52,2126,145],{"class":66},[52,2128,2103],{"class":141},[52,2130,145],{"class":66},[52,2132,2068],{"class":124},[52,2134,513],{"class":66},[52,2136,71],{"class":70},[52,2138,2139],{"class":74},"key",[52,2141,71],{"class":70},[52,2143,2144],{"class":66},"]))\n",[52,2146,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,2148,142],{"class":141},[52,2150,145],{"class":66},[52,2152,2103],{"class":141},[52,2154,145],{"class":66},[52,2156,1616],{"class":124},[52,2158,513],{"class":66},[52,2160,71],{"class":70},[52,2162,2139],{"class":74},[52,2164,71],{"class":70},[52,2166,2144],{"class":66},[20,2168,2169],{},"What these help you check:",[234,2171,2172,2175,2178],{},[237,2173,2174],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[237,2176,2177],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[237,2179,2180],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,2182,2183,2184,121],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[257,2185,2187],{"href":2186},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[38,2189,2191],{"id":2190},"faq","FAQ",[1335,2193,2195,2196,2198],{"id":2194},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary","Does ",[15,2197,24],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,2200,2201],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1335,2203,2205,2206,2208],{"id":2204},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,2207,24],{}," a deep copy?",[20,2210,2211],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1335,2213,2215,2216,2218,2219,2221],{"id":2214},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and","What is the difference between ",[15,2217,17],{}," and ",[15,2220,63],{},"?",[20,2223,2224,2226,2227,2229],{},[15,2225,17],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,2228,63],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1335,2231,2233],{"id":2232},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,2235,2236],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[38,2238,2240],{"id":2239},"see-also","See also",[234,2242,2243,2248,2252,2256,2265,2272],{},[237,2244,2245],{},[257,2246,2247],{"href":264},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[237,2249,2250],{},[257,2251,260],{"href":259},[237,2253,2254],{},[257,2255,1059],{"href":1058},[237,2257,2258],{},[257,2259,2260,2261,2264],{"href":1305},"Python dictionary ",[15,2262,2263],{},"update()"," method",[237,2266,2267],{},[257,2268,2260,2269,2264],{"href":1311},[15,2270,2271],{},"clear()",[237,2273,2274],{},[257,2275,2276],{"href":2186},"How to copy a list in Python",[2278,2279,2280],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":2282},[2283,2284,2286,2287,2288,2289,2291,2297,2298,2299,2308],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":228,"depth":110,"text":2285},"What the copy() method does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":684,"depth":110,"text":685},{"id":1062,"depth":110,"text":2290},"When to use copy()",{"id":1317,"depth":110,"text":2292,"children":2293},"copy() vs assignment",[2294,2295],{"id":1337,"depth":131,"text":1338},{"id":1553,"depth":131,"text":2296},"Using copy()",{"id":1784,"depth":110,"text":1785},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":2300},[2301,2303,2305,2307],{"id":2194,"depth":131,"text":2302},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":2204,"depth":131,"text":2304},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":2214,"depth":131,"text":2306},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":2232,"depth":131,"text":2233},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":5,"description":2309},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",[2317,3920,5630,7325,9465,11653,13150,15128,17335,19795,21634,24200,26299,28581,30529,32440,34437,35877,37706,40231,42393,43622,44993,46641,48962,50806,52788,54482,55735,57429,59180,61152,62902,65002,66362,68313,69876,71867,73662,75562,78004,80082,82722,84751,86714,88902,90906,93219,94901,96346,97540,98718,100558,102998,104702,106717,108241,109486,110649,112031,114102,115999,117773,119639,121758,123498,124960,126554,128477,130154,132089,133578,136362,137939,139498,141526,143478,144941,146130,148016,149427,151123,152677,154099,155502,157400,159794,161625],{"id":2318,"title":2319,"body":2320,"description":3914,"extension":2310,"meta":3915,"navigation":134,"path":3916,"seo":3917,"stem":3918,"__hash__":3919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2321,"toc":3886},[2322,2325,2332,2335,2346,2349,2351,2417,2419,2439,2444,2448,2453,2455,2471,2474,2500,2503,2505,2508,2523,2526,2553,2555,2615,2617,2632,2642,2653,2657,2660,2714,2716,2736,2739,2763,2770,2774,2779,2785,2787,2826,2828,2837,2843,2861,2864,2876,2880,2885,2889,2892,2913,2915,2972,2974,2982,2985,2989,3021,3023,3031,3034,3038,3043,3091,3093,3101,3105,3165,3167,3175,3178,3180,3184,3187,3210,3219,3234,3286,3288,3303,3314,3318,3321,3350,3357,3361,3366,3407,3409,3420,3423,3466,3468,3476,3480,3485,3507,3509,3518,3527,3531,3536,3558,3560,3631,3633,3683,3686,3689,3692,3772,3774,3805,3807,3811,3814,3818,3821,3825,3828,3832,3844,3848,3851,3853,3883],[10,2323,2319],{"id":2324},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2326,2327,2328,2331],{},"The ",[15,2329,2330],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2333,2334],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[234,2336,2337,2340,2343],{},[237,2338,2339],{},"a number without its negative sign",[237,2341,2342],{},"the distance between two numbers",[237,2344,2345],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2347,2348],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[38,2350,41],{"id":40},[43,2352,2354],{"className":45,"code":2353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2355,2356,2375,2390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2357,2358,2360,2362,2365,2367,2370,2373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2359,142],{"class":141},[52,2361,145],{"class":66},[52,2363,2364],{"class":141},"abs",[52,2366,145],{"class":66},[52,2368,2369],{"class":62},"-",[52,2371,2372],{"class":103},"7",[52,2374,2120],{"class":66},[52,2376,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2388],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2378,142],{"class":141},[52,2380,145],{"class":66},[52,2382,2364],{"class":141},[52,2384,145],{"class":66},[52,2386,2387],{"class":103},"3.5",[52,2389,2120],{"class":66},[52,2391,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400,2402,2405,2408,2411,2415],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2393,142],{"class":141},[52,2395,145],{"class":66},[52,2397,2364],{"class":141},[52,2399,145],{"class":66},[52,2401,2369],{"class":62},[52,2403,2404],{"class":103},"2",[52,2406,2407],{"class":62},"+",[52,2409,2410],{"class":103},"3",[52,2412,2414],{"class":2413},"sbsja","j",[52,2416,2120],{"class":66},[20,2418,173],{},[43,2420,2422],{"className":45,"code":2421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2423,2424,2429,2434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2425,2426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2427,2428],{"class":103},"7\n",[52,2430,2431],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2432,2433],{"class":103},"3.5\n",[52,2435,2436],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2437,2438],{"class":103},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2440,222,2441,2443],{},[15,2442,2330],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[38,2445,2447],{"id":2446},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2449,2450,2452],{},[15,2451,2330],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2454,694],{},[234,2456,2457,2460,2463],{},[237,2458,2459],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[237,2461,2462],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[237,2464,2465,2468,2469],{},[15,2466,2467],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2470,2467],{},[20,2472,2473],{},"Examples:",[234,2475,2476,2485,2493],{},[237,2477,2478,2481,2482],{},[15,2479,2480],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2483,2484],{},"5",[237,2486,2487,2481,2490],{},[15,2488,2489],{},"abs(9)",[15,2491,2492],{},"9",[237,2494,2495,2481,2498],{},[15,2496,2497],{},"abs(0)",[15,2499,2467],{},[20,2501,2502],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[38,2504,269],{"id":268},[20,2506,2507],{},"The syntax is:",[43,2509,2511],{"className":45,"code":2510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(x)\n",[15,2512,2513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2514,2515,2517,2519,2521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2516,2364],{"class":141},[52,2518,145],{"class":66},[52,2520,1357],{"class":124},[52,2522,151],{"class":66},[20,2524,2525],{},"Here:",[234,2527,2528,2545,2550],{},[237,2529,2530,2532,2533,2536,2537,2540,2541,2544],{},[15,2531,1357],{}," is usually an ",[15,2534,2535],{},"int",", ",[15,2538,2539],{},"float",", or ",[15,2542,2543],{},"complex"," number",[237,2546,2547,2549],{},[15,2548,2330],{}," returns a new value",[237,2551,2552],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2554,309],{},[43,2556,2558],{"className":45,"code":2557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2559,2560,2573,2590,2594,2604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2561,2562,2565,2567,2570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2563,2564],{"class":58},"number ",[52,2566,63],{"class":62},[52,2568,2569],{"class":62}," -",[52,2571,2572],{"class":103},"12\n",[52,2574,2575,2578,2580,2583,2585,2588],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2576,2577],{"class":58},"result ",[52,2579,63],{"class":62},[52,2581,2582],{"class":141}," abs",[52,2584,145],{"class":66},[52,2586,2587],{"class":124},"number",[52,2589,151],{"class":66},[52,2591,2592],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2593,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,2595,2596,2598,2600,2602],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,2597,142],{"class":141},[52,2599,145],{"class":66},[52,2601,2587],{"class":124},[52,2603,151],{"class":66},[52,2605,2606,2608,2610,2613],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,2607,142],{"class":141},[52,2609,145],{"class":66},[52,2611,2612],{"class":124},"result",[52,2614,151],{"class":66},[20,2616,173],{},[43,2618,2620],{"className":45,"code":2619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-12\n12\n",[15,2621,2622,2628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2623,2624,2626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2625,2369],{"class":62},[52,2627,2572],{"class":103},[52,2629,2630],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2631,2572],{"class":103},[20,2633,2634,2635,2637,2638,2641],{},"Notice that ",[15,2636,2587],{}," is still ",[15,2639,2640],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2643,2644,2645,2652],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[257,2646,2648,2651],{"href":2647},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2649,2650],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[38,2654,2656],{"id":2655},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2658,2659],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[43,2661,2663],{"className":45,"code":2662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2664,2665,2682,2697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2666,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677,2680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2668,142],{"class":141},[52,2670,145],{"class":66},[52,2672,2364],{"class":141},[52,2674,145],{"class":66},[52,2676,2369],{"class":62},[52,2678,2679],{"class":103},"10",[52,2681,2120],{"class":66},[52,2683,2684,2686,2688,2690,2692,2695],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2685,142],{"class":141},[52,2687,145],{"class":66},[52,2689,2364],{"class":141},[52,2691,145],{"class":66},[52,2693,2694],{"class":103},"8",[52,2696,2120],{"class":66},[52,2698,2699,2701,2703,2705,2707,2709,2712],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2700,142],{"class":141},[52,2702,145],{"class":66},[52,2704,2364],{"class":141},[52,2706,145],{"class":66},[52,2708,2369],{"class":62},[52,2710,2711],{"class":103},"4.2",[52,2713,2120],{"class":66},[20,2715,173],{},[43,2717,2719],{"className":45,"code":2718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2720,2721,2726,2731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2722,2723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2724,2725],{"class":103},"10\n",[52,2727,2728],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2729,2730],{"class":103},"8\n",[52,2732,2733],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2734,2735],{"class":103},"4.2\n",[20,2737,2738],{},"What each line does:",[234,2740,2741,2749,2756],{},[237,2742,2743,2746,2747],{},[15,2744,2745],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2748,2679],{},[237,2750,2751,2746,2754],{},[15,2752,2753],{},"abs(8)",[15,2755,2694],{},[237,2757,2758,2746,2761],{},[15,2759,2760],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2762,2711],{},[20,2764,2765,2766,121],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[257,2767,2769],{"href":2768},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[38,2771,2773],{"id":2772},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2775,2776,2778],{},[15,2777,2330],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2780,2781,2782,2784],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2783,2467],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2786,309],{},[43,2788,2790],{"className":45,"code":2789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2791,2792,2811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2793,2794,2797,2799,2802,2805,2808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2795,2796],{"class":58},"value ",[52,2798,63],{"class":62},[52,2800,2801],{"class":103}," 3",[52,2803,2804],{"class":62}," +",[52,2806,2807],{"class":103}," 4",[52,2809,2810],{"class":2413},"j\n",[52,2812,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821,2824],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2814,142],{"class":141},[52,2816,145],{"class":66},[52,2818,2364],{"class":141},[52,2820,145],{"class":66},[52,2822,2823],{"class":124},"value",[52,2825,2120],{"class":66},[20,2827,173],{},[43,2829,2831],{"className":45,"code":2830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n",[15,2832,2833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2834,2835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2836,2830],{"class":103},[20,2838,2839,2840,2221],{},"Why ",[15,2841,2842],{},"5.0",[234,2844,2845,2850,2856],{},[237,2846,2847,2848],{},"the real part is ",[15,2849,2410],{},[237,2851,2852,2853],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2854,2855],{},"4",[237,2857,2858,2859],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2860,2842],{},[20,2862,2863],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[234,2865,2866,2873],{},[237,2867,2868,2870,2871],{},[15,2869,2330],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2872,2539],{},[237,2874,2875],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[38,2877,2879],{"id":2878},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2881,2882,2883,121],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2884,2330],{},[1335,2886,2888],{"id":2887},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2890,2891],{},"A very common pattern is:",[43,2893,2895],{"className":45,"code":2894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2896,2897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2898,2899,2901,2903,2906,2908,2911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2900,2364],{"class":141},[52,2902,145],{"class":66},[52,2904,2905],{"class":124},"a ",[52,2907,2369],{"class":62},[52,2909,2910],{"class":124}," b",[52,2912,151],{"class":66},[20,2914,309],{},[43,2916,2918],{"className":45,"code":2917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2919,2920,2929,2938,2942,2961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2921,2922,2924,2926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2923,2905],{"class":58},[52,2925,63],{"class":62},[52,2927,2928],{"class":103}," 3\n",[52,2930,2931,2934,2936],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,2932,2933],{"class":58},"b ",[52,2935,63],{"class":62},[52,2937,1883],{"class":103},[52,2939,2940],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2941,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,2943,2944,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2959],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,2945,2946],{"class":58},"distance ",[52,2948,63],{"class":62},[52,2950,2582],{"class":141},[52,2952,145],{"class":66},[52,2954,2905],{"class":124},[52,2956,2369],{"class":62},[52,2958,2910],{"class":124},[52,2960,151],{"class":66},[52,2962,2963,2965,2967,2970],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,2964,142],{"class":141},[52,2966,145],{"class":66},[52,2968,2969],{"class":124},"distance",[52,2971,151],{"class":66},[20,2973,173],{},[43,2975,2976],{"className":45,"code":2428,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2977,2978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2979,2980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2981,2428],{"class":103},[20,2983,2984],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1335,2986,2988],{"id":2987},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[43,2990,2992],{"className":45,"code":2991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2993,2994,3006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2995,2996,2999,3001,3003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2997,2998],{"class":58},"temperature_change ",[52,3000,63],{"class":62},[52,3002,2569],{"class":62},[52,3004,3005],{"class":103},"6\n",[52,3007,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016,3019],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3009,142],{"class":141},[52,3011,145],{"class":66},[52,3013,2364],{"class":141},[52,3015,145],{"class":66},[52,3017,3018],{"class":124},"temperature_change",[52,3020,2120],{"class":66},[20,3022,173],{},[43,3024,3025],{"className":45,"code":3005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3026,3027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3028,3029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3030,3005],{"class":103},[20,3032,3033],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1335,3035,3037],{"id":3036},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3039,3040,3041,2652],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3042,2330],{},[43,3044,3046],{"className":45,"code":3045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3047,3048,3060,3076,3080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3049,3050,3053,3055,3057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3051,3052],{"class":58},"balance_change ",[52,3054,63],{"class":62},[52,3056,2569],{"class":62},[52,3058,3059],{"class":103},"25\n",[52,3061,3062,3065,3067,3069,3071,3074],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3063,3064],{"class":58},"safe_value ",[52,3066,63],{"class":62},[52,3068,2582],{"class":141},[52,3070,145],{"class":66},[52,3072,3073],{"class":124},"balance_change",[52,3075,151],{"class":66},[52,3077,3078],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3079,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,3081,3082,3084,3086,3089],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,3083,142],{"class":141},[52,3085,145],{"class":66},[52,3087,3088],{"class":124},"safe_value",[52,3090,151],{"class":66},[20,3092,173],{},[43,3094,3095],{"className":45,"code":3059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3096,3097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3098,3099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3100,3059],{"class":103},[1335,3102,3104],{"id":3103},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[43,3106,3108],{"className":45,"code":3107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3109,3110,3120,3130,3134,3154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3111,3112,3115,3117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3113,3114],{"class":58},"guess ",[52,3116,63],{"class":62},[52,3118,3119],{"class":103}," 42\n",[52,3121,3122,3125,3127],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3123,3124],{"class":58},"target ",[52,3126,63],{"class":62},[52,3128,3129],{"class":103}," 50\n",[52,3131,3132],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3133,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,3135,3136,3139,3141,3143,3145,3147,3149,3152],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,3137,3138],{"class":58},"difference ",[52,3140,63],{"class":62},[52,3142,2582],{"class":141},[52,3144,145],{"class":66},[52,3146,3114],{"class":124},[52,3148,2369],{"class":62},[52,3150,3151],{"class":124}," target",[52,3153,151],{"class":66},[52,3155,3156,3158,3160,3163],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,3157,142],{"class":141},[52,3159,145],{"class":66},[52,3161,3162],{"class":124},"difference",[52,3164,151],{"class":66},[20,3166,173],{},[43,3168,3169],{"className":45,"code":2730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3170,3171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3172,3173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3174,2730],{"class":103},[20,3176,3177],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[38,3179,2022],{"id":2021},[1335,3181,3183],{"id":3182},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3185,3186],{},"This causes an error:",[43,3188,3190],{"className":45,"code":3189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3191,3192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3193,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3195,142],{"class":141},[52,3197,145],{"class":66},[52,3199,2364],{"class":141},[52,3201,145],{"class":66},[52,3203,71],{"class":70},[52,3205,2484],{"class":74},[52,3207,71],{"class":70},[52,3209,2120],{"class":66},[20,3211,3212,3215,3216,3218],{},[15,3213,3214],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3217,2330],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3220,3221,3222,261,3228,80],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[257,3223,3225],{"href":3224},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3226,3227],{},"int()",[257,3229,3231],{"href":3230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3232,3233],{},"float()",[43,3235,3237],{"className":45,"code":3236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3238,3239,3263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3240,3241,3243,3245,3247,3249,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3242,142],{"class":141},[52,3244,145],{"class":66},[52,3246,2364],{"class":141},[52,3248,145],{"class":66},[52,3250,2535],{"class":3251},"sZMiF",[52,3253,145],{"class":66},[52,3255,71],{"class":70},[52,3257,2484],{"class":74},[52,3259,71],{"class":70},[52,3261,3262],{"class":66},")))\n",[52,3264,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277,3279,3282,3284],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3266,142],{"class":141},[52,3268,145],{"class":66},[52,3270,2364],{"class":141},[52,3272,145],{"class":66},[52,3274,2539],{"class":3251},[52,3276,145],{"class":66},[52,3278,71],{"class":70},[52,3280,3281],{"class":74},"-3.2",[52,3283,71],{"class":70},[52,3285,3262],{"class":66},[20,3287,173],{},[43,3289,3291],{"className":45,"code":3290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3292,3293,3298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3294,3295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3296,3297],{"class":103},"5\n",[52,3299,3300],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3301,3302],{"class":103},"3.2\n",[20,3304,3305,3306,3309,3310,121],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3307,3308],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[257,3311,3313],{"href":3312},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1335,3315,3317],{"id":3316},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3319,3320],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[43,3322,3324],{"className":45,"code":3323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3325,3326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3327,3328,3330,3332,3334,3337,3340,3342,3344,3346,3348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3329,142],{"class":141},[52,3331,145],{"class":66},[52,3333,2364],{"class":141},[52,3335,3336],{"class":66},"([",[52,3338,3339],{"class":103},"1",[52,3341,91],{"class":66},[52,3343,1378],{"class":103},[52,3345,91],{"class":66},[52,3347,2801],{"class":103},[52,3349,2144],{"class":66},[20,3351,3352,3353,3356],{},"This raises a ",[15,3354,3355],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1335,3358,3360],{"id":3359},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3362,3363,3365],{},[15,3364,2330],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[43,3367,3369],{"className":45,"code":3368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3370,3371,3383,3393,3397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3372,3373,3376,3378,3380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3374,3375],{"class":58},"x ",[52,3377,63],{"class":62},[52,3379,2569],{"class":62},[52,3381,3382],{"class":103},"9\n",[52,3384,3385,3387,3389,3391],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3386,2364],{"class":141},[52,3388,145],{"class":66},[52,3390,1357],{"class":124},[52,3392,151],{"class":66},[52,3394,3395],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3396,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,3398,3399,3401,3403,3405],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,3400,142],{"class":141},[52,3402,145],{"class":66},[52,3404,1357],{"class":124},[52,3406,151],{"class":66},[20,3408,173],{},[43,3410,3412],{"className":45,"code":3411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-9\n",[15,3413,3414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3415,3416,3418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3417,2369],{"class":62},[52,3419,3382],{"class":103},[20,3421,3422],{},"If you want to store the result:",[43,3424,3426],{"className":45,"code":3425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3427,3428,3438,3452,3456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3429,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3431,3375],{"class":58},[52,3433,63],{"class":62},[52,3435,2569],{"class":62},[52,3437,3382],{"class":103},[52,3439,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3441,3375],{"class":58},[52,3443,63],{"class":62},[52,3445,2582],{"class":141},[52,3447,145],{"class":66},[52,3449,1357],{"class":124},[52,3451,151],{"class":66},[52,3453,3454],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3455,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,3457,3458,3460,3462,3464],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,3459,142],{"class":141},[52,3461,145],{"class":66},[52,3463,1357],{"class":124},[52,3465,151],{"class":66},[20,3467,173],{},[43,3469,3470],{"className":45,"code":3382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3471,3472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3473,3474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3475,3382],{"class":103},[1335,3477,3479],{"id":3478},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3481,3482,3484],{},[15,3483,2330],{}," does not round numbers.",[43,3486,3488],{"className":45,"code":3487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3489,3490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3491,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3493,142],{"class":141},[52,3495,145],{"class":66},[52,3497,2364],{"class":141},[52,3499,145],{"class":66},[52,3501,2369],{"class":62},[52,3503,3504],{"class":103},"4.7",[52,3506,2120],{"class":66},[20,3508,173],{},[43,3510,3512],{"className":45,"code":3511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.7\n",[15,3513,3514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3515,3516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3517,3511],{"class":103},[20,3519,3520,3521,3523,3524,3526],{},"If you expected ",[15,3522,2484],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3525,2330],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[38,3528,3530],{"id":3529},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3532,3533,3535],{},[15,3534,2330],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[234,3537,3538,3545,3552],{},[237,3539,3540,3542,3543],{},[15,3541,2535],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3544,2535],{},[237,3546,3547,3549,3550],{},[15,3548,2539],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3551,2539],{},[237,3553,3554,3549,3556],{},[15,3555,2543],{},[15,3557,2539],{},[20,3559,309],{},[43,3561,3563],{"className":45,"code":3562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3564,3565,3586,3607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3566,3567,3569,3571,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3568,142],{"class":141},[52,3570,145],{"class":66},[52,3572,3573],{"class":3251},"type",[52,3575,145],{"class":66},[52,3577,2364],{"class":141},[52,3579,145],{"class":66},[52,3581,2369],{"class":62},[52,3583,2484],{"class":103},[52,3585,3262],{"class":66},[52,3587,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3605],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3589,142],{"class":141},[52,3591,145],{"class":66},[52,3593,3573],{"class":3251},[52,3595,145],{"class":66},[52,3597,2364],{"class":141},[52,3599,145],{"class":66},[52,3601,2369],{"class":62},[52,3603,3604],{"class":103},"3.2",[52,3606,3262],{"class":66},[52,3608,3609,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3610,142],{"class":141},[52,3612,145],{"class":66},[52,3614,3573],{"class":3251},[52,3616,145],{"class":66},[52,3618,2364],{"class":141},[52,3620,145],{"class":66},[52,3622,2410],{"class":103},[52,3624,2804],{"class":62},[52,3626,2807],{"class":103},[52,3628,2414],{"class":2413},[52,3630,3262],{"class":66},[20,3632,173],{},[43,3634,3636],{"className":45,"code":3635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3637,3638,3655,3669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3639,3640,3643,3646,3648,3650,3652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3641,3642],{"class":62},"\u003C",[52,3644,3645],{"class":2413},"class",[52,3647,195],{"class":70},[52,3649,2535],{"class":74},[52,3651,186],{"class":70},[52,3653,3654],{"class":62},">\n",[52,3656,3657,3659,3661,3663,3665,3667],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3658,3642],{"class":62},[52,3660,3645],{"class":2413},[52,3662,195],{"class":70},[52,3664,2539],{"class":74},[52,3666,186],{"class":70},[52,3668,3654],{"class":62},[52,3670,3671,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3672,3642],{"class":62},[52,3674,3645],{"class":2413},[52,3676,195],{"class":70},[52,3678,2539],{"class":74},[52,3680,186],{"class":70},[52,3682,3654],{"class":62},[20,3684,3685],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3687,3688],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3690,3691],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[43,3693,3695],{"className":45,"code":3694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3696,3697,3711,3721,3735,3739,3753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3698,3699,3701,3703,3705,3708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3700,2796],{"class":58},[52,3702,63],{"class":62},[52,3704,83],{"class":70},[52,3706,3707],{"class":74},"-5",[52,3709,3710],{"class":70},"\"\n",[52,3712,3713,3715,3717,3719],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3714,142],{"class":141},[52,3716,145],{"class":66},[52,3718,2823],{"class":124},[52,3720,151],{"class":66},[52,3722,3723,3725,3727,3729,3731,3733],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3724,142],{"class":141},[52,3726,145],{"class":66},[52,3728,3573],{"class":3251},[52,3730,145],{"class":66},[52,3732,2823],{"class":124},[52,3734,2120],{"class":66},[52,3736,3737],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,3738,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,3740,3741,3744,3746,3748,3751],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,3742,3743],{"class":58},"user_input ",[52,3745,63],{"class":62},[52,3747,83],{"class":70},[52,3749,3750],{"class":74},"-3.7",[52,3752,3710],{"class":70},[52,3754,3755,3757,3759,3761,3763,3765,3767,3770],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,3756,142],{"class":141},[52,3758,145],{"class":66},[52,3760,2364],{"class":141},[52,3762,145],{"class":66},[52,3764,2539],{"class":3251},[52,3766,145],{"class":66},[52,3768,3769],{"class":124},"user_input",[52,3771,3262],{"class":66},[20,3773,173],{},[43,3775,3777],{"className":45,"code":3776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3778,3779,3785,3800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3780,3781,3783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3782,2369],{"class":62},[52,3784,3297],{"class":103},[52,3786,3787,3789,3791,3793,3796,3798],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3788,3642],{"class":62},[52,3790,3645],{"class":2413},[52,3792,195],{"class":70},[52,3794,3795],{"class":74},"str",[52,3797,186],{"class":70},[52,3799,3654],{"class":62},[52,3801,3802],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3803,3804],{"class":103},"3.7\n",[38,3806,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,3808,3810],{"id":3809},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3812,3813],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1335,3815,3817],{"id":3816},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3819,3820],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1335,3822,3824],{"id":3823},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3826,3827],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1335,3829,3831],{"id":3830},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3833,3834,3836,3837,261,3839,3841,3842,121],{},[15,3835,3308],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3838,3227],{},[15,3840,3233],{}," before using ",[15,3843,2330],{},[1335,3845,3847],{"id":3846},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3849,3850],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[38,3852,2240],{"id":2239},[234,3854,3855,3862,3868,3874,3879],{},[237,3856,3857],{},[257,3858,3859,3861],{"href":3224},[15,3860,3227],{}," function explained",[237,3863,3864],{},[257,3865,3866,3861],{"href":3230},[15,3867,3233],{},[237,3869,3870],{},[257,3871,3872,3861],{"href":2647},[15,3873,2650],{},[237,3875,3876],{},[257,3877,3878],{"href":3312},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[237,3880,3881],{},[257,3882,2769],{"href":2768},[2278,3884,3885],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":3887},[3888,3889,3890,3891,3892,3893,3899,3905,3906,3913],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":2446,"depth":110,"text":2447},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":2655,"depth":110,"text":2656},{"id":2772,"depth":110,"text":2773},{"id":2878,"depth":110,"text":2879,"children":3894},[3895,3896,3897,3898],{"id":2887,"depth":131,"text":2888},{"id":2987,"depth":131,"text":2988},{"id":3036,"depth":131,"text":3037},{"id":3103,"depth":131,"text":3104},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":3900},[3901,3902,3903,3904],{"id":3182,"depth":131,"text":3183},{"id":3316,"depth":131,"text":3317},{"id":3359,"depth":131,"text":3360},{"id":3478,"depth":131,"text":3479},{"id":3529,"depth":110,"text":3530},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":3907},[3908,3909,3910,3911,3912],{"id":3809,"depth":131,"text":3810},{"id":3816,"depth":131,"text":3817},{"id":3823,"depth":131,"text":3824},{"id":3830,"depth":131,"text":3831},{"id":3846,"depth":131,"text":3847},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2319,"description":3914},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3921,"title":3922,"body":3923,"description":5624,"extension":2310,"meta":5625,"navigation":134,"path":5626,"seo":5627,"stem":5628,"__hash__":5629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3924,"toc":5588},[3925,3933,3939,3942,3958,3962,4019,4028,4035,4039,4058,4061,4078,4081,4085,4093,4110,4113,4153,4156,4163,4169,4244,4246,4277,4283,4287,4291,4330,4332,4340,4347,4351,4390,4392,4400,4410,4414,4470,4472,4480,4483,4486,4533,4535,4543,4549,4556,4561,4564,4567,4634,4636,4644,4647,4714,4716,4724,4738,4741,4752,4756,4762,4765,4767,4783,4785,4793,4796,4799,4802,4819,4822,4825,4855,4857,4870,4874,4878,4881,4896,4901,4904,4931,4937,4940,4980,4986,4992,5000,5003,5055,5062,5126,5131,5139,5142,5160,5166,5169,5311,5316,5321,5324,5335,5338,5394,5396,5404,5407,5466,5468,5476,5479,5490,5492,5499,5508,5517,5520,5527,5530,5538,5551,5553,5585],[10,3926,3928,3929,3932],{"id":3927},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3930,3931],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3934,3935,3936,3938],{},"Python’s ",[15,3937,3931],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3940,3941],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[234,3943,3944,3947,3950],{},[237,3945,3946],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[237,3948,3949],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[237,3951,3952,2746,3955,3957],{},[15,3953,3954],{},"all([])",[15,3956,1048],{},", which often seems strange at first",[38,3959,3961],{"id":3960},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[43,3963,3965],{"className":45,"code":3964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3966,3967,3988,4004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3968,3969,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3970,3971],{"class":58},"numbers ",[52,3973,63],{"class":62},[52,3975,755],{"class":66},[52,3977,3339],{"class":103},[52,3979,91],{"class":66},[52,3981,1378],{"class":103},[52,3983,91],{"class":66},[52,3985,2801],{"class":103},[52,3987,766],{"class":66},[52,3989,3990,3992,3994,3997,3999,4002],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,3991,2577],{"class":58},[52,3993,63],{"class":62},[52,3995,3996],{"class":141}," all",[52,3998,145],{"class":66},[52,4000,4001],{"class":124},"numbers",[52,4003,151],{"class":66},[52,4005,4006,4008,4010,4012,4015],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,4007,142],{"class":141},[52,4009,145],{"class":66},[52,4011,2612],{"class":124},[52,4013,4014],{"class":66},")",[52,4016,4018],{"class":4017},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,4020,4021,2746,4023,4025,4026,121],{},[15,4022,3931],{},[15,4024,1048],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4027,1039],{},[38,4029,4031,4032,4034],{"id":4030},"what-all-does","What ",[15,4033,3931],{}," does",[20,4036,4037,80],{},[15,4038,3931],{},[234,4040,4041,4044,4050,4055],{},[237,4042,4043],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[237,4045,4046,4047,4049],{},"returns ",[15,4048,1048],{}," if all items are truthy",[237,4051,4046,4052,4054],{},[15,4053,1039],{}," if any item is falsy",[237,4056,4057],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4059,4060],{},"Basic syntax:",[43,4062,4064],{"className":45,"code":4063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4065,4066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4067,4068,4071,4073,4076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4069,4070],{"class":141},"all",[52,4072,145],{"class":66},[52,4074,4075],{"class":124},"iterable",[52,4077,151],{"class":66},[20,4079,4080],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[38,4082,4084],{"id":4083},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4086,4087,4088,261,4090,4092],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4089,1048],{},[15,4091,1039],{}," in conditions.",[234,4094,4095,4103],{},[237,4096,4097,4100,4101],{},[33,4098,4099],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4102,1048],{},[237,4104,4105,4100,4108],{},[33,4106,4107],{},"Falsy",[15,4109,1039],{},[20,4111,4112],{},"Common falsy values include:",[234,4114,4115,4119,4124,4129,4134,4138,4143,4148],{},[237,4116,4117],{},[15,4118,2467],{},[237,4120,4121],{},[15,4122,4123],{},"0.0",[237,4125,4126],{},[15,4127,4128],{},"''",[237,4130,4131],{},[15,4132,4133],{},"None",[237,4135,4136],{},[15,4137,1039],{},[237,4139,4140],{},[15,4141,4142],{},"[]",[237,4144,4145],{},[15,4146,4147],{},"{}",[237,4149,4150],{},[15,4151,4152],{},"set()",[20,4154,4155],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4157,4158,4159,121],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[257,4160,4162],{"href":4161},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4164,4165,4166,80],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4167,4168],{},"bool()",[43,4170,4172],{"className":45,"code":4171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4173,4174,4211,4215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4175,4176,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4190,4192,4195,4197,4199,4202,4204,4206,4209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4177,4178],{"class":58},"values ",[52,4180,63],{"class":62},[52,4182,755],{"class":66},[52,4184,3339],{"class":103},[52,4186,91],{"class":66},[52,4188,4189],{"class":103}," 0",[52,4191,91],{"class":66},[52,4193,4194],{"class":70}," ''",[52,4196,91],{"class":66},[52,4198,195],{"class":70},[52,4200,4201],{"class":74},"hello",[52,4203,186],{"class":70},[52,4205,91],{"class":66},[52,4207,4208],{"class":218}," None",[52,4210,766],{"class":66},[52,4212,4213],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4214,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,4216,4217,4219,4221,4224,4226,4228,4230,4233,4236,4239,4242],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,4218,142],{"class":141},[52,4220,3336],{"class":66},[52,4222,4223],{"class":3251},"bool",[52,4225,145],{"class":66},[52,4227,1357],{"class":124},[52,4229,4014],{"class":66},[52,4231,4232],{"class":163}," for",[52,4234,4235],{"class":124}," x ",[52,4237,4238],{"class":163},"in",[52,4240,4241],{"class":124}," values",[52,4243,913],{"class":66},[20,4245,173],{},[43,4247,4249],{"className":45,"code":4248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4250,4251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4252,4253,4255,4257,4259,4262,4264,4266,4268,4271,4273,4275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4254,513],{"class":66},[52,4256,1048],{"class":218},[52,4258,91],{"class":66},[52,4260,4261],{"class":218}," False",[52,4263,91],{"class":66},[52,4265,4261],{"class":218},[52,4267,91],{"class":66},[52,4269,4270],{"class":218}," True",[52,4272,91],{"class":66},[52,4274,4261],{"class":218},[52,4276,766],{"class":66},[20,4278,4279,4280,4282],{},"This matters because ",[15,4281,3931],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[38,4284,4286],{"id":4285},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1335,4288,4290],{"id":4289},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[43,4292,4294],{"className":45,"code":4293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4295,4296,4316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4297,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4299,3971],{"class":58},[52,4301,63],{"class":62},[52,4303,755],{"class":66},[52,4305,3339],{"class":103},[52,4307,91],{"class":66},[52,4309,1378],{"class":103},[52,4311,91],{"class":66},[52,4313,2801],{"class":103},[52,4315,766],{"class":66},[52,4317,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4319,142],{"class":141},[52,4321,145],{"class":66},[52,4323,4070],{"class":141},[52,4325,145],{"class":66},[52,4327,4001],{"class":124},[52,4329,2120],{"class":66},[20,4331,173],{},[43,4333,4334],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4335,4336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4337,4338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4339,1025],{"class":218},[20,4341,4342,4343,2746,4345,121],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4344,3931],{},[15,4346,1048],{},[1335,4348,4350],{"id":4349},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[43,4352,4354],{"className":45,"code":4353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4355,4356,4376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4357,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4359,3971],{"class":58},[52,4361,63],{"class":62},[52,4363,755],{"class":66},[52,4365,3339],{"class":103},[52,4367,91],{"class":66},[52,4369,4189],{"class":103},[52,4371,91],{"class":66},[52,4373,2801],{"class":103},[52,4375,766],{"class":66},[52,4377,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4379,142],{"class":141},[52,4381,145],{"class":66},[52,4383,4070],{"class":141},[52,4385,145],{"class":66},[52,4387,4001],{"class":124},[52,4389,2120],{"class":66},[20,4391,173],{},[43,4393,4394],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4395,4396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4397,4398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4399,219],{"class":218},[20,4401,4402,4403,4405,4406,2746,4408,121],{},"The value ",[15,4404,2467],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4407,3931],{},[15,4409,1039],{},[1335,4411,4413],{"id":4412},"example-strings","Example: strings",[43,4415,4417],{"className":45,"code":4416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4418,4419,4455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4420,4421,4424,4426,4428,4430,4433,4435,4437,4439,4442,4444,4446,4448,4451,4453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4422,4423],{"class":58},"words ",[52,4425,63],{"class":62},[52,4427,755],{"class":66},[52,4429,186],{"class":70},[52,4431,4432],{"class":74},"apple",[52,4434,186],{"class":70},[52,4436,91],{"class":66},[52,4438,195],{"class":70},[52,4440,4441],{"class":74},"banana",[52,4443,186],{"class":70},[52,4445,91],{"class":66},[52,4447,195],{"class":70},[52,4449,4450],{"class":74},"cherry",[52,4452,186],{"class":70},[52,4454,766],{"class":66},[52,4456,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4468],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4458,142],{"class":141},[52,4460,145],{"class":66},[52,4462,4070],{"class":141},[52,4464,145],{"class":66},[52,4466,4467],{"class":124},"words",[52,4469,2120],{"class":66},[20,4471,173],{},[43,4473,4474],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4475,4476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4477,4478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4479,1025],{"class":218},[20,4481,4482],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4484,4485],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[43,4487,4489],{"className":45,"code":4488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4490,4491,4519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4492,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4494,4423],{"class":58},[52,4496,63],{"class":62},[52,4498,755],{"class":66},[52,4500,186],{"class":70},[52,4502,4432],{"class":74},[52,4504,186],{"class":70},[52,4506,91],{"class":66},[52,4508,4194],{"class":70},[52,4510,91],{"class":66},[52,4512,195],{"class":70},[52,4514,4450],{"class":74},[52,4516,186],{"class":70},[52,4518,766],{"class":66},[52,4520,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4522,142],{"class":141},[52,4524,145],{"class":66},[52,4526,4070],{"class":141},[52,4528,145],{"class":66},[52,4530,4467],{"class":124},[52,4532,2120],{"class":66},[20,4534,173],{},[43,4536,4537],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4538,4539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4540,4541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4542,219],{"class":218},[20,4544,4545,4546,4548],{},"The empty string ",[15,4547,4128],{}," is falsy.",[38,4550,4552,4553,4555],{"id":4551},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4554,3931],{}," works with conditions",[20,4557,4558,4560],{},[15,4559,3931],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4562,4563],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4565,4566],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[43,4568,4570],{"className":45,"code":4569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4571,4572,4592,4620,4624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4573,4574,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4575,3971],{"class":58},[52,4577,63],{"class":62},[52,4579,755],{"class":66},[52,4581,3339],{"class":103},[52,4583,91],{"class":66},[52,4585,1378],{"class":103},[52,4587,91],{"class":66},[52,4589,2801],{"class":103},[52,4591,766],{"class":66},[52,4593,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615,4618],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4595,2577],{"class":58},[52,4597,63],{"class":62},[52,4599,3996],{"class":141},[52,4601,145],{"class":66},[52,4603,3375],{"class":124},[52,4605,4606],{"class":62},">",[52,4608,4189],{"class":103},[52,4610,4232],{"class":163},[52,4612,4235],{"class":124},[52,4614,4238],{"class":163},[52,4616,4617],{"class":124}," numbers",[52,4619,151],{"class":66},[52,4621,4622],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,4623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,4625,4626,4628,4630,4632],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,4627,142],{"class":141},[52,4629,145],{"class":66},[52,4631,2612],{"class":124},[52,4633,151],{"class":66},[20,4635,173],{},[43,4637,4638],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4639,4640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4641,4642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4643,1025],{"class":218},[20,4645,4646],{},"Here is one that fails:",[43,4648,4650],{"className":45,"code":4649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4651,4652,4674,4700,4704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4653,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4655,3971],{"class":58},[52,4657,63],{"class":62},[52,4659,755],{"class":66},[52,4661,3339],{"class":103},[52,4663,91],{"class":66},[52,4665,2569],{"class":62},[52,4667,2404],{"class":103},[52,4669,91],{"class":66},[52,4671,2801],{"class":103},[52,4673,766],{"class":66},[52,4675,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4677,2577],{"class":58},[52,4679,63],{"class":62},[52,4681,3996],{"class":141},[52,4683,145],{"class":66},[52,4685,3375],{"class":124},[52,4687,4606],{"class":62},[52,4689,4189],{"class":103},[52,4691,4232],{"class":163},[52,4693,4235],{"class":124},[52,4695,4238],{"class":163},[52,4697,4617],{"class":124},[52,4699,151],{"class":66},[52,4701,4702],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,4703,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,4705,4706,4708,4710,4712],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,4707,142],{"class":141},[52,4709,145],{"class":66},[52,4711,2612],{"class":124},[52,4713,151],{"class":66},[20,4715,173],{},[43,4717,4718],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4719,4720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4721,4722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4723,219],{"class":218},[20,4725,4726,4727,4730,4731,4733,4734,2746,4736,121],{},"The expression ",[15,4728,4729],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4732,1048],{},", then ",[15,4735,3931],{},[15,4737,1048],{},[20,4739,4740],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4742,4743,4744,2218,4748,121],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[257,4745,4747],{"href":4746},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[257,4749,4751],{"href":4750},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[38,4753,4755],{"id":4754},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4757,4758,2746,4760,121],{},[15,4759,3954],{},[15,4761,1048],{},[20,4763,4764],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4766,309],{},[43,4768,4770],{"className":45,"code":4769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4771,4772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4773,4774,4776,4778,4780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4775,142],{"class":141},[52,4777,145],{"class":66},[52,4779,4070],{"class":141},[52,4781,4782],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[20,4784,173],{},[43,4786,4787],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4788,4789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4790,4791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4792,1025],{"class":218},[20,4794,4795],{},"Why?",[20,4797,4798],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4800,4801],{},"Think of it this way:",[234,4803,4804,4811,4814],{},[237,4805,4806,2746,4808,4810],{},[15,4807,3931],{},[15,4809,1039],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[237,4812,4813],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[237,4815,4816,4817],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4818,1039],{},[20,4820,4821],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4823,4824],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[43,4826,4828],{"className":45,"code":4827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4829,4830,4841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4831,4832,4834,4836,4838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4833,142],{"class":141},[52,4835,145],{"class":66},[52,4837,4070],{"class":141},[52,4839,4840],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[52,4842,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4844,142],{"class":141},[52,4846,145],{"class":66},[52,4848,4070],{"class":141},[52,4850,145],{"class":66},[52,4852,4128],{"class":70},[52,4854,2120],{"class":66},[20,4856,173],{},[43,4858,4860],{"className":45,"code":4859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4861,4862,4866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4863,4864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4865,1025],{"class":218},[52,4867,4868],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4869,1025],{"class":218},[38,4871,4873],{"id":4872},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1335,4875,4877],{"id":4876},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4879,4880],{},"This is wrong:",[43,4882,4884],{"className":45,"code":4883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4885,4886,4891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4887,4888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4889,4890],{"class":4017},"# Wrong\n",[52,4892,4893],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4894,4895],{"class":4017},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4897,4898,4900],{},[15,4899,3931],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4902,4903],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[43,4905,4907],{"className":45,"code":4906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4908,4909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4910,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4912,142],{"class":141},[52,4914,145],{"class":66},[52,4916,4070],{"class":141},[52,4918,3336],{"class":66},[52,4920,3339],{"class":103},[52,4922,91],{"class":66},[52,4924,1378],{"class":103},[52,4926,91],{"class":66},[52,4928,2801],{"class":103},[52,4930,2144],{"class":66},[1335,4932,2040,4934,4936],{"id":4933},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,4935,3931],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4938,4939],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[43,4941,4943],{"className":45,"code":4942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4944,4945,4966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4946,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4960,4962,4964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4948,3971],{"class":58},[52,4950,63],{"class":62},[52,4952,755],{"class":66},[52,4954,2484],{"class":103},[52,4956,91],{"class":66},[52,4958,4959],{"class":103}," 5",[52,4961,91],{"class":66},[52,4963,4959],{"class":103},[52,4965,766],{"class":66},[52,4967,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,4969,142],{"class":141},[52,4971,145],{"class":66},[52,4973,4070],{"class":141},[52,4975,145],{"class":66},[52,4977,4001],{"class":124},[52,4979,2120],{"class":66},[20,4981,4982,4983,4985],{},"This does ",[33,4984,1332],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4987,4988,4989,4991],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4990,2484],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[43,4993,4994],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4995,4996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4997,4998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4999,1025],{"class":218},[20,5001,5002],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[43,5004,5006],{"className":45,"code":5005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5007,5008,5028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5009,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5011,3971],{"class":58},[52,5013,63],{"class":62},[52,5015,755],{"class":66},[52,5017,2484],{"class":103},[52,5019,91],{"class":66},[52,5021,4959],{"class":103},[52,5023,91],{"class":66},[52,5025,4959],{"class":103},[52,5027,766],{"class":66},[52,5029,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5031,142],{"class":141},[52,5033,145],{"class":66},[52,5035,4070],{"class":141},[52,5037,145],{"class":66},[52,5039,3375],{"class":124},[52,5041,5042],{"class":62},"==",[52,5044,4959],{"class":103},[52,5046,4232],{"class":163},[52,5048,4235],{"class":124},[52,5050,4238],{"class":163},[52,5052,4617],{"class":124},[52,5054,2120],{"class":66},[1335,5056,5058,5059,5061],{"id":5057},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5060,2467],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[43,5063,5065],{"className":45,"code":5064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5066,5067,5093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5068,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5070,142],{"class":141},[52,5072,145],{"class":66},[52,5074,4070],{"class":141},[52,5076,3336],{"class":66},[52,5078,3339],{"class":103},[52,5080,91],{"class":66},[52,5082,1378],{"class":103},[52,5084,91],{"class":66},[52,5086,4189],{"class":103},[52,5088,5089],{"class":66},"]))",[52,5091,5092],{"class":4017},"       # False\n",[52,5094,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5096,142],{"class":141},[52,5098,145],{"class":66},[52,5100,4070],{"class":141},[52,5102,3336],{"class":66},[52,5104,186],{"class":70},[52,5106,257],{"class":74},[52,5108,186],{"class":70},[52,5110,91],{"class":66},[52,5112,195],{"class":70},[52,5114,345],{"class":74},[52,5116,186],{"class":70},[52,5118,91],{"class":66},[52,5120,4194],{"class":70},[52,5122,5089],{"class":66},[52,5124,5125],{"class":4017},"  # False\n",[20,5127,5128,5129,121],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5130,1039],{},[1335,5132,5134,5135,1036,5137],{"id":5133},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5136,3954],{},[15,5138,1048],{},[20,5140,5141],{},"This is expected behavior:",[43,5143,5145],{"className":45,"code":5144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5146,5147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5148,5149,5151,5153,5155,5158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5150,142],{"class":141},[52,5152,145],{"class":66},[52,5154,4070],{"class":141},[52,5156,5157],{"class":66},"([]))",[52,5159,4018],{"class":4017},[20,5161,5162,5163,5165],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5164,1048],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5167,5168],{},"Useful quick tests:",[43,5170,5172],{"className":45,"code":5171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5173,5174,5196,5218,5265,5301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5175,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5177,142],{"class":141},[52,5179,145],{"class":66},[52,5181,4070],{"class":141},[52,5183,3336],{"class":66},[52,5185,3339],{"class":103},[52,5187,91],{"class":66},[52,5189,1378],{"class":103},[52,5191,91],{"class":66},[52,5193,2801],{"class":103},[52,5195,2144],{"class":66},[52,5197,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5199,142],{"class":141},[52,5201,145],{"class":66},[52,5203,4070],{"class":141},[52,5205,3336],{"class":66},[52,5207,3339],{"class":103},[52,5209,91],{"class":66},[52,5211,4189],{"class":103},[52,5213,91],{"class":66},[52,5215,2801],{"class":103},[52,5217,2144],{"class":66},[52,5219,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5221,142],{"class":141},[52,5223,3336],{"class":66},[52,5225,4223],{"class":3251},[52,5227,145],{"class":66},[52,5229,1357],{"class":124},[52,5231,4014],{"class":66},[52,5233,4232],{"class":163},[52,5235,4235],{"class":124},[52,5237,4238],{"class":163},[52,5239,755],{"class":66},[52,5241,3339],{"class":103},[52,5243,91],{"class":66},[52,5245,4189],{"class":103},[52,5247,91],{"class":66},[52,5249,4194],{"class":70},[52,5251,91],{"class":66},[52,5253,195],{"class":70},[52,5255,4201],{"class":74},[52,5257,186],{"class":70},[52,5259,91],{"class":66},[52,5261,4208],{"class":218},[52,5263,5264],{"class":66},"]])\n",[52,5266,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289,5291,5293,5295,5297,5299],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,5268,142],{"class":141},[52,5270,145],{"class":66},[52,5272,4070],{"class":141},[52,5274,145],{"class":66},[52,5276,3375],{"class":124},[52,5278,4606],{"class":62},[52,5280,4189],{"class":103},[52,5282,4232],{"class":163},[52,5284,4235],{"class":124},[52,5286,4238],{"class":163},[52,5288,755],{"class":66},[52,5290,3339],{"class":103},[52,5292,91],{"class":66},[52,5294,1378],{"class":103},[52,5296,91],{"class":66},[52,5298,2801],{"class":103},[52,5300,2144],{"class":66},[52,5302,5303,5305,5307,5309],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,5304,142],{"class":141},[52,5306,145],{"class":66},[52,5308,4070],{"class":141},[52,5310,4782],{"class":66},[38,5312,1063,5314],{"id":5313},"when-to-use-all",[15,5315,3931],{},[20,5317,5318,5320],{},[15,5319,3931],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5322,5323],{},"Common use cases:",[234,5325,5326,5329,5332],{},[237,5327,5328],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[237,5330,5331],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[237,5333,5334],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5336,5337],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[43,5339,5341],{"className":45,"code":5340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5342,5343,5379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5344,5345,5348,5350,5352,5354,5357,5359,5361,5363,5366,5368,5370,5372,5375,5377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5346,5347],{"class":58},"names ",[52,5349,63],{"class":62},[52,5351,755],{"class":66},[52,5353,186],{"class":70},[52,5355,5356],{"class":74},"Alice",[52,5358,186],{"class":70},[52,5360,91],{"class":66},[52,5362,195],{"class":70},[52,5364,5365],{"class":74},"Bob",[52,5367,186],{"class":70},[52,5369,91],{"class":66},[52,5371,195],{"class":70},[52,5373,5374],{"class":74},"Charlie",[52,5376,186],{"class":70},[52,5378,766],{"class":66},[52,5380,5381,5383,5385,5387,5389,5392],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5382,142],{"class":141},[52,5384,145],{"class":66},[52,5386,4070],{"class":141},[52,5388,145],{"class":66},[52,5390,5391],{"class":124},"names",[52,5393,2120],{"class":66},[20,5395,173],{},[43,5397,5398],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5399,5400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5401,5402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5403,1025],{"class":218},[20,5405,5406],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[43,5408,5410],{"className":45,"code":5409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5411,5412,5436],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5413,5414,5417,5419,5421,5424,5426,5429,5431,5434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5415,5416],{"class":58},"scores ",[52,5418,63],{"class":62},[52,5420,755],{"class":66},[52,5422,5423],{"class":103},"75",[52,5425,91],{"class":66},[52,5427,5428],{"class":103}," 80",[52,5430,91],{"class":66},[52,5432,5433],{"class":103}," 50",[52,5435,766],{"class":66},[52,5437,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5449,5452,5454,5456,5459,5461,5464],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5439,142],{"class":141},[52,5441,145],{"class":66},[52,5443,4070],{"class":141},[52,5445,145],{"class":66},[52,5447,5448],{"class":124},"score ",[52,5450,5451],{"class":62},">=",[52,5453,5433],{"class":103},[52,5455,4232],{"class":163},[52,5457,5458],{"class":124}," score ",[52,5460,4238],{"class":163},[52,5462,5463],{"class":124}," scores",[52,5465,2120],{"class":66},[20,5467,173],{},[43,5469,5470],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5471,5472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5473,5474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5475,1025],{"class":218},[20,5477,5478],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5480,5481,5482,2218,5486,121],{},"For related tasks, see ",[257,5483,5485],{"href":5484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[257,5487,5489],{"href":5488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[38,5491,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,5493,5495,5496,5498],{"id":5494},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5497,3931],{}," return in Python?",[20,5500,5501,5502,5504,5505,5507],{},"It returns ",[15,5503,1048],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5506,1039],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1335,5509,5511,5512,5514,5515,2221],{"id":5510},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5513,3954],{}," return ",[15,5516,1048],{},[20,5518,5519],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1335,5521,5523,5524,5526],{"id":5522},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5525,3931],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5528,5529],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1335,5531,2215,5533,2218,5535,2221],{"id":5532},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5534,3931],{},[15,5536,5537],{},"any()",[20,5539,5540,5542,5543,5545,5546,121],{},[15,5541,3931],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5544,5537],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[257,5547,3928,5549,3861],{"href":5548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5550,5537],{},[38,5552,2240],{"id":2239},[234,5554,5555,5561,5565,5570,5575,5580],{},[237,5556,5557],{},[257,5558,3928,5559,3861],{"href":5548},[15,5560,5537],{},[237,5562,5563],{},[257,5564,4162],{"href":4161},[237,5566,5567],{},[257,5568,5569],{"href":5488},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[237,5571,5572],{},[257,5573,5574],{"href":5484},"How to filter a list in Python",[237,5576,5577],{},[257,5578,5579],{"href":4746},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[237,5581,5582],{},[257,5583,5584],{"href":4750},"What is an iterable in Python",[2278,5586,5587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":5589},[5590,5591,5593,5594,5599,5601,5602,5611,5613,5623],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":4030,"depth":110,"text":5592},"What all() does",{"id":4083,"depth":110,"text":4084},{"id":4285,"depth":110,"text":4286,"children":5595},[5596,5597,5598],{"id":4289,"depth":131,"text":4290},{"id":4349,"depth":131,"text":4350},{"id":4412,"depth":131,"text":4413},{"id":4551,"depth":110,"text":5600},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4754,"depth":110,"text":4755},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":5603},[5604,5605,5607,5609],{"id":4876,"depth":131,"text":4877},{"id":4933,"depth":131,"text":5606},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5057,"depth":131,"text":5608},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5133,"depth":131,"text":5610},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5313,"depth":110,"text":5612},"When to use all()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":5614},[5615,5617,5619,5621],{"id":5494,"depth":131,"text":5616},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5510,"depth":131,"text":5618},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5522,"depth":131,"text":5620},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5532,"depth":131,"text":5622},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3922,"description":5624},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5631,"title":5632,"body":5633,"description":7320,"extension":2310,"meta":7321,"navigation":134,"path":5548,"seo":7322,"stem":7323,"__hash__":7324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5634,"toc":7298},[5635,5638,5646,5649,5666,5674,5718,5727,5731,5736,5739,5756,5759,5770,5782,5786,5789,5804,5809,5812,5824,5827,5911,5914,5935,5941,5943,5951,5965,5967,6001,6003,6006,6067,6069,6086,6089,6116,6118,6126,6138,6142,6145,6184,6186,6194,6196,6212,6220,6223,6266,6268,6276,6281,6285,6293,6296,6323,6326,6329,6402,6404,6412,6419,6443,6454,6457,6536,6538,6546,6553,6557,6562,6577,6579,6587,6590,6596,6599,6645,6647,6664,6668,6673,6684,6687,6798,6801,6860,6866,6868,6873,6877,6879,6898,6904,6907,6926,6930,6939,6966,6968,6976,6984,6988,6994,7017,7019,7027,7034,7038,7041,7092,7095,7146,7149,7151,7155,7162,7166,7173,7177,7185,7189,7192,7214,7216,7266,7268,7295],[10,5636,5632],{"id":5637},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5639,5640,5642,5643,121],{},[15,5641,5537],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[33,5644,5645],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5647,5648],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[234,5650,5651,5654,5657,5660,5663],{},[237,5652,5653],{},"lists",[237,5655,5656],{},"tuples",[237,5658,5659],{},"sets",[237,5661,5662],{},"strings",[237,5664,5665],{},"generator expressions",[20,5667,5668,5669,261,5671,5673],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5670,1048],{},[15,5672,1039],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[43,5675,5677],{"className":45,"code":5676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5678,5679,5699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5680,5681,5683,5685,5687,5689,5691,5693,5695,5697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5682,4178],{"class":58},[52,5684,63],{"class":62},[52,5686,755],{"class":66},[52,5688,2467],{"class":103},[52,5690,91],{"class":66},[52,5692,4194],{"class":70},[52,5694,91],{"class":66},[52,5696,4959],{"class":103},[52,5698,766],{"class":66},[52,5700,5701,5703,5705,5708,5710,5713,5716],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5702,142],{"class":141},[52,5704,145],{"class":66},[52,5706,5707],{"class":141},"any",[52,5709,145],{"class":66},[52,5711,5712],{"class":124},"values",[52,5714,5715],{"class":66},"))",[52,5717,4018],{"class":4017},[20,5719,222,5720,5723,5724,5726],{},[15,5721,5722],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5725,1048],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[38,5728,5730],{"id":5729},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5732,5733,5735],{},[15,5734,5537],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5737,5738],{},"It returns:",[234,5740,5741,5746,5751],{},[237,5742,5743,5745],{},[15,5744,1048],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[237,5747,5748,5750],{},[15,5749,1039],{}," if all items are falsy",[237,5752,5753,5755],{},[15,5754,1039],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5757,5758],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[234,5760,5761,5764,5767],{},[237,5762,5763],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[237,5765,5766],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[237,5768,5769],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5771,5772,5773,5776,5777,121],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[33,5774,5775],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[257,5778,5780],{"href":5779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5781,3931],{},[38,5783,5785],{"id":5784},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5787,5788],{},"The syntax is simple:",[43,5790,5792],{"className":45,"code":5791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5793,5794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5795,5796,5798,5800,5802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5797,5707],{"class":141},[52,5799,145],{"class":66},[52,5801,4075],{"class":124},[52,5803,151],{"class":66},[20,5805,5806,5807,121],{},"The argument must be an ",[33,5808,4075],{},[20,5810,5811],{},"Common inputs include:",[234,5813,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822],{},[237,5815,5653],{},[237,5817,5656],{},[237,5819,5659],{},[237,5821,5662],{},[237,5823,5665],{},[20,5825,5826],{},"For example:",[43,5828,5830],{"className":45,"code":5829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5831,5832,5854,5873,5893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5833,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5835,142],{"class":141},[52,5837,145],{"class":66},[52,5839,5707],{"class":141},[52,5841,3336],{"class":66},[52,5843,2467],{"class":103},[52,5845,91],{"class":66},[52,5847,4189],{"class":103},[52,5849,91],{"class":66},[52,5851,1364],{"class":103},[52,5853,2144],{"class":66},[52,5855,5856,5858,5860,5862,5865,5867,5869,5871],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5857,142],{"class":141},[52,5859,145],{"class":66},[52,5861,5707],{"class":141},[52,5863,5864],{"class":66},"((",[52,5866,1039],{"class":218},[52,5868,91],{"class":66},[52,5870,4261],{"class":218},[52,5872,3262],{"class":66},[52,5874,5875,5877,5879,5881,5884,5886,5888,5890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5876,142],{"class":141},[52,5878,145],{"class":66},[52,5880,5707],{"class":141},[52,5882,5883],{"class":66},"({",[52,5885,2467],{"class":103},[52,5887,91],{"class":66},[52,5889,1378],{"class":103},[52,5891,5892],{"class":66},"}))\n",[52,5894,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,5896,142],{"class":141},[52,5898,145],{"class":66},[52,5900,5707],{"class":141},[52,5902,145],{"class":66},[52,5904,71],{"class":70},[52,5906,4201],{"class":74},[52,5908,71],{"class":70},[52,5910,2120],{"class":66},[20,5912,5913],{},"Expected output:",[43,5915,5917],{"className":45,"code":5916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5918,5919,5923,5927,5931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5920,5921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5922,1025],{"class":218},[52,5924,5925],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,5926,219],{"class":218},[52,5928,5929],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5930,1025],{"class":218},[52,5932,5933],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,5934,1025],{"class":218},[20,5936,5937,5938,121],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[257,5939,5489],{"href":5940},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[38,5942,4084],{"id":4083},[20,5944,4087,5945,261,5948,4092],{},[33,5946,5947],{},"truthy",[33,5949,5950],{},"falsy",[234,5952,5953,5959],{},[237,5954,5955,4100,5957],{},[33,5956,4099],{},[15,5958,1048],{},[237,5960,5961,4100,5963],{},[33,5962,4107],{},[15,5964,1039],{},[20,5966,4112],{},[234,5968,5969,5973,5977,5981,5985,5989,5993,5997],{},[237,5970,5971],{},[15,5972,1039],{},[237,5974,5975],{},[15,5976,2467],{},[237,5978,5979],{},[15,5980,4123],{},[237,5982,5983],{},[15,5984,4128],{},[237,5986,5987],{},[15,5988,4142],{},[237,5990,5991],{},[15,5992,4147],{},[237,5994,5995],{},[15,5996,4152],{},[237,5998,5999],{},[15,6000,4133],{},[20,6002,4155],{},[20,6004,6005],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[43,6007,6009],{"className":45,"code":6008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6010,6011,6025,6043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6012,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6014,142],{"class":141},[52,6016,145],{"class":66},[52,6018,5707],{"class":141},[52,6020,3336],{"class":66},[52,6022,3339],{"class":103},[52,6024,2144],{"class":66},[52,6026,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6028,142],{"class":141},[52,6030,145],{"class":66},[52,6032,5707],{"class":141},[52,6034,3336],{"class":66},[52,6036,186],{"class":70},[52,6038,4201],{"class":74},[52,6040,186],{"class":70},[52,6042,2144],{"class":66},[52,6044,6045,6047,6049,6051,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6064],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6046,142],{"class":141},[52,6048,145],{"class":66},[52,6050,5707],{"class":141},[52,6052,6053],{"class":66},"([[",[52,6055,3339],{"class":103},[52,6057,91],{"class":66},[52,6059,1378],{"class":103},[52,6061,91],{"class":66},[52,6063,2801],{"class":103},[52,6065,6066],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[20,6068,5913],{},[43,6070,6072],{"className":45,"code":6071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6073,6074,6078,6082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6075,6076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6077,1025],{"class":218},[52,6079,6080],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6081,1025],{"class":218},[52,6083,6084],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6085,1025],{"class":218},[20,6087,6088],{},"And these are all falsy:",[43,6090,6092],{"className":45,"code":6091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6093,6094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6095,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6097,142],{"class":141},[52,6099,145],{"class":66},[52,6101,5707],{"class":141},[52,6103,3336],{"class":66},[52,6105,2467],{"class":103},[52,6107,91],{"class":66},[52,6109,4194],{"class":70},[52,6111,91],{"class":66},[52,6113,4208],{"class":218},[52,6115,2144],{"class":66},[20,6117,5913],{},[43,6119,6120],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6121,6122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6123,6124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6125,219],{"class":218},[20,6127,6128,6129,2218,6132,121],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[257,6130,4162],{"href":6131},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[257,6133,6135,6137],{"href":6134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6136,4168],{}," explained",[38,6139,6141],{"id":6140},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6143,6144],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[43,6146,6148],{"className":45,"code":6147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6149,6150,6170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6151,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6153,4178],{"class":58},[52,6155,63],{"class":62},[52,6157,755],{"class":66},[52,6159,2467],{"class":103},[52,6161,91],{"class":66},[52,6163,4194],{"class":70},[52,6165,91],{"class":66},[52,6167,4959],{"class":103},[52,6169,766],{"class":66},[52,6171,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6173,142],{"class":141},[52,6175,145],{"class":66},[52,6177,5707],{"class":141},[52,6179,145],{"class":66},[52,6181,5712],{"class":124},[52,6183,2120],{"class":66},[20,6185,173],{},[43,6187,6188],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6189,6190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6191,6192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6193,1025],{"class":218},[20,6195,4795],{},[234,6197,6198,6203,6207],{},[237,6199,6200,6202],{},[15,6201,2467],{}," is falsy",[237,6204,6205,6202],{},[15,6206,4128],{},[237,6208,6209,6211],{},[15,6210,2484],{}," is truthy",[20,6213,6214,6215,2746,6218,121],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6216,6217],{},"any(values)",[15,6219,1048],{},[20,6221,6222],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[43,6224,6226],{"className":45,"code":6225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6227,6228,6252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6229,6230,6232,6234,6236,6238,6240,6242,6244,6246,6248,6250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6231,4178],{"class":58},[52,6233,63],{"class":62},[52,6235,755],{"class":66},[52,6237,2467],{"class":103},[52,6239,91],{"class":66},[52,6241,4194],{"class":70},[52,6243,91],{"class":66},[52,6245,4208],{"class":218},[52,6247,91],{"class":66},[52,6249,4261],{"class":218},[52,6251,766],{"class":66},[52,6253,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6255,142],{"class":141},[52,6257,145],{"class":66},[52,6259,5707],{"class":141},[52,6261,145],{"class":66},[52,6263,5712],{"class":124},[52,6265,2120],{"class":66},[20,6267,173],{},[43,6269,6270],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6271,6272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6273,6274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6275,219],{"class":218},[20,6277,6278,6279,121],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6280,1039],{},[38,6282,6284],{"id":6283},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6286,6287,6289,6290,121],{},[15,6288,5537],{}," is often used with a ",[33,6291,6292],{},"generator expression",[20,6294,6295],{},"This is a common pattern:",[43,6297,6299],{"className":45,"code":6298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6300,6301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6302,6303,6305,6307,6310,6313,6316,6318,6321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6304,5707],{"class":141},[52,6306,145],{"class":66},[52,6308,6309],{"class":124},"condition ",[52,6311,6312],{"class":163},"for",[52,6314,6315],{"class":124}," item ",[52,6317,4238],{"class":163},[52,6319,6320],{"class":124}," items",[52,6322,151],{"class":66},[20,6324,6325],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6327,6328],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[43,6330,6332],{"className":45,"code":6331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6333,6334,6361,6365,6392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6335,6336,6338,6340,6342,6344,6346,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6337,3971],{"class":58},[52,6339,63],{"class":62},[52,6341,755],{"class":66},[52,6343,2855],{"class":103},[52,6345,91],{"class":66},[52,6347,6348],{"class":103}," 7",[52,6350,91],{"class":66},[52,6352,2569],{"class":62},[52,6354,2404],{"class":103},[52,6356,91],{"class":66},[52,6358,1972],{"class":103},[52,6360,766],{"class":66},[52,6362,6363],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6364,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,6366,6367,6369,6371,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6368,2577],{"class":58},[52,6370,63],{"class":62},[52,6372,6373],{"class":141}," any",[52,6375,145],{"class":66},[52,6377,3375],{"class":124},[52,6379,3642],{"class":62},[52,6381,4189],{"class":103},[52,6383,4232],{"class":163},[52,6385,4235],{"class":124},[52,6387,4238],{"class":163},[52,6389,4617],{"class":124},[52,6391,151],{"class":66},[52,6393,6394,6396,6398,6400],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,6395,142],{"class":141},[52,6397,145],{"class":66},[52,6399,2612],{"class":124},[52,6401,151],{"class":66},[20,6403,173],{},[43,6405,6406],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6407,6408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6409,6410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6411,1025],{"class":218},[20,6413,6414,6415,6418],{},"This works because ",[15,6416,6417],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[234,6420,6421,6429,6436],{},[237,6422,6423,6426,6427],{},[15,6424,6425],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6428,1039],{},[237,6430,6431,6426,6434],{},[15,6432,6433],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6435,1039],{},[237,6437,6438,6426,6441],{},[15,6439,6440],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6442,1048],{},[20,6444,6445,6446,6448,6449,6451,6452,121],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6447,1048],{}," result, ",[15,6450,5537],{}," can return ",[15,6453,1048],{},[20,6455,6456],{},"Here is another example:",[43,6458,6460],{"className":45,"code":6459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6461,6462,6491,6495,6525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6463,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6465,4423],{"class":58},[52,6467,63],{"class":62},[52,6469,755],{"class":66},[52,6471,71],{"class":70},[52,6473,4432],{"class":74},[52,6475,71],{"class":70},[52,6477,91],{"class":66},[52,6479,6480],{"class":70}," \"\"",[52,6482,91],{"class":66},[52,6484,83],{"class":70},[52,6486,4441],{"class":74},[52,6488,71],{"class":70},[52,6490,766],{"class":66},[52,6492,6493],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6494,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,6496,6497,6500,6502,6504,6506,6509,6511,6513,6515,6518,6520,6523],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6498,6499],{"class":58},"has_empty_string ",[52,6501,63],{"class":62},[52,6503,6373],{"class":141},[52,6505,145],{"class":66},[52,6507,6508],{"class":124},"word ",[52,6510,5042],{"class":62},[52,6512,6480],{"class":70},[52,6514,4232],{"class":163},[52,6516,6517],{"class":124}," word ",[52,6519,4238],{"class":163},[52,6521,6522],{"class":124}," words",[52,6524,151],{"class":66},[52,6526,6527,6529,6531,6534],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,6528,142],{"class":141},[52,6530,145],{"class":66},[52,6532,6533],{"class":124},"has_empty_string",[52,6535,151],{"class":66},[20,6537,173],{},[43,6539,6540],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6541,6542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6543,6544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6545,1025],{"class":218},[20,6547,6548,6549,121],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[257,6550,6552],{"href":6551},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[38,6554,6556],{"id":6555},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6558,6559,6560,80],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6561,1039],{},[43,6563,6565],{"className":45,"code":6564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6566,6567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6568,6569,6571,6573,6575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6570,142],{"class":141},[52,6572,145],{"class":66},[52,6574,5707],{"class":141},[52,6576,4782],{"class":66},[20,6578,173],{},[43,6580,6581],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6582,6583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6584,6585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6586,219],{"class":218},[20,6588,6589],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6591,6592,6593,6595],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6594,5537],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6597,6598],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[43,6600,6602],{"className":45,"code":6601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6603,6604,6614,6629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6605,6606,6608,6610,6612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6607,142],{"class":141},[52,6609,145],{"class":66},[52,6611,5707],{"class":141},[52,6613,4840],{"class":66},[52,6615,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6627],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6617,142],{"class":141},[52,6619,145],{"class":66},[52,6621,5707],{"class":141},[52,6623,145],{"class":66},[52,6625,6626],{"class":70},"\"\"",[52,6628,2120],{"class":66},[52,6630,6631,6633,6635,6637,6639,6642],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6632,142],{"class":141},[52,6634,145],{"class":66},[52,6636,5707],{"class":141},[52,6638,145],{"class":66},[52,6640,6641],{"class":3251},"set",[52,6643,6644],{"class":66},"()))\n",[20,6646,173],{},[43,6648,6650],{"className":45,"code":6649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6651,6652,6656,6660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6653,6654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6655,219],{"class":218},[52,6657,6658],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6659,219],{"class":218},[52,6661,6662],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6663,219],{"class":218},[38,6665,6667],{"id":6666},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6669,222,6670,6672],{},[15,6671,5537],{}," when you want to:",[234,6674,6675,6678,6681],{},[237,6676,6677],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[237,6679,6680],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[237,6682,6683],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6685,6686],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[43,6688,6690],{"className":45,"code":6689,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6691,6692,6717,6721,6731,6735,6749,6768,6778,6783,6787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6693,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712,6715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6695,3971],{"class":58},[52,6697,63],{"class":62},[52,6699,755],{"class":66},[52,6701,3339],{"class":103},[52,6703,91],{"class":66},[52,6705,2801],{"class":103},[52,6707,91],{"class":66},[52,6709,4959],{"class":103},[52,6711,91],{"class":66},[52,6713,6714],{"class":103}," 8",[52,6716,766],{"class":66},[52,6718,6719],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6720,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,6722,6723,6726,6728],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6724,6725],{"class":58},"found_even ",[52,6727,63],{"class":62},[52,6729,6730],{"class":218}," False\n",[52,6732,6733],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,6734,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,6736,6737,6739,6742,6744,6746],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,6738,6312],{"class":163},[52,6740,6741],{"class":58}," number ",[52,6743,4238],{"class":163},[52,6745,4617],{"class":58},[52,6747,6748],{"class":66},":\n",[52,6750,6751,6754,6756,6759,6761,6764,6766],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,6752,6753],{"class":163},"    if",[52,6755,6741],{"class":58},[52,6757,6758],{"class":62},"%",[52,6760,1378],{"class":103},[52,6762,6763],{"class":62}," ==",[52,6765,4189],{"class":103},[52,6767,6748],{"class":66},[52,6769,6770,6773,6775],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,6771,6772],{"class":58},"        found_even ",[52,6774,63],{"class":62},[52,6776,6777],{"class":218}," True\n",[52,6779,6780],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,6781,6782],{"class":163},"        break\n",[52,6784,6785],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,6786,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,6788,6789,6791,6793,6796],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,6790,142],{"class":141},[52,6792,145],{"class":66},[52,6794,6795],{"class":124},"found_even",[52,6797,151],{"class":66},[20,6799,6800],{},"You can write:",[43,6802,6804],{"className":45,"code":6803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6805,6806,6830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6807,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6809,3971],{"class":58},[52,6811,63],{"class":62},[52,6813,755],{"class":66},[52,6815,3339],{"class":103},[52,6817,91],{"class":66},[52,6819,2801],{"class":103},[52,6821,91],{"class":66},[52,6823,4959],{"class":103},[52,6825,91],{"class":66},[52,6827,6714],{"class":103},[52,6829,766],{"class":66},[52,6831,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,6833,142],{"class":141},[52,6835,145],{"class":66},[52,6837,5707],{"class":141},[52,6839,145],{"class":66},[52,6841,2564],{"class":124},[52,6843,6758],{"class":62},[52,6845,1378],{"class":103},[52,6847,6763],{"class":62},[52,6849,4189],{"class":103},[52,6851,4232],{"class":163},[52,6853,6741],{"class":124},[52,6855,4238],{"class":163},[52,6857,4617],{"class":124},[52,6859,2120],{"class":66},[20,6861,6862,6863,6865],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6864,5537],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[38,6867,4873],{"id":4872},[20,6869,6870,6871,121],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6872,5537],{},[1335,6874,6876],{"id":6875},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6878,4880],{},[43,6880,6882],{"className":45,"code":6881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6883,6884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6885,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6887,142],{"class":141},[52,6889,145],{"class":66},[52,6891,5707],{"class":141},[52,6893,145],{"class":66},[52,6895,2484],{"class":103},[52,6897,2120],{"class":66},[20,6899,6900,6901,6903],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6902,2484],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6905,6906],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[43,6908,6910],{"className":45,"code":6909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6911,6912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6913,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6915,142],{"class":141},[52,6917,145],{"class":66},[52,6919,5707],{"class":141},[52,6921,3336],{"class":66},[52,6923,2484],{"class":103},[52,6925,2144],{"class":66},[1335,6927,6929],{"id":6928},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6931,6932,6934,6935,6938],{},[15,6933,5537],{}," needs only ",[33,6936,6937],{},"one"," truthy item.",[43,6940,6942],{"className":45,"code":6941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6943,6944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6945,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6947,142],{"class":141},[52,6949,145],{"class":66},[52,6951,5707],{"class":141},[52,6953,3336],{"class":66},[52,6955,1039],{"class":218},[52,6957,91],{"class":66},[52,6959,4261],{"class":218},[52,6961,91],{"class":66},[52,6963,4270],{"class":218},[52,6965,2144],{"class":66},[20,6967,173],{},[43,6969,6970],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6971,6972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6973,6974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6975,1025],{"class":218},[20,6977,6978,6979,6983],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[257,6980,6981],{"href":5779},[15,6982,3931],{}," instead.",[1335,6985,6987],{"id":6986},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6989,6990,6991,121],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6992,6993],{},"\"True\"",[43,6995,6997],{"className":45,"code":6996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6998,6999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7000,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7002,142],{"class":141},[52,7004,145],{"class":66},[52,7006,5707],{"class":141},[52,7008,3336],{"class":66},[52,7010,71],{"class":70},[52,7012,1039],{"class":74},[52,7014,71],{"class":70},[52,7016,2144],{"class":66},[20,7018,173],{},[43,7020,7021],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7022,7023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7024,7025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7026,1025],{"class":218},[20,7028,7029,7030,7033],{},"That is because ",[15,7031,7032],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1335,7035,7037],{"id":7036},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7039,7040],{},"This works:",[43,7042,7044],{"className":45,"code":7043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7045,7046,7066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7049,3971],{"class":58},[52,7051,63],{"class":62},[52,7053,755],{"class":66},[52,7055,3339],{"class":103},[52,7057,91],{"class":66},[52,7059,1378],{"class":103},[52,7061,91],{"class":66},[52,7063,2801],{"class":103},[52,7065,766],{"class":66},[52,7067,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7069,142],{"class":141},[52,7071,145],{"class":66},[52,7073,5707],{"class":141},[52,7075,3336],{"class":66},[52,7077,3375],{"class":124},[52,7079,4606],{"class":62},[52,7081,1378],{"class":103},[52,7083,4232],{"class":163},[52,7085,4235],{"class":124},[52,7087,4238],{"class":163},[52,7089,4617],{"class":124},[52,7091,2144],{"class":66},[20,7093,7094],{},"But this is usually better:",[43,7096,7098],{"className":45,"code":7097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7099,7100,7120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7101,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7103,3971],{"class":58},[52,7105,63],{"class":62},[52,7107,755],{"class":66},[52,7109,3339],{"class":103},[52,7111,91],{"class":66},[52,7113,1378],{"class":103},[52,7115,91],{"class":66},[52,7117,2801],{"class":103},[52,7119,766],{"class":66},[52,7121,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142,7144],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7123,142],{"class":141},[52,7125,145],{"class":66},[52,7127,5707],{"class":141},[52,7129,145],{"class":66},[52,7131,3375],{"class":124},[52,7133,4606],{"class":62},[52,7135,1378],{"class":103},[52,7137,4232],{"class":163},[52,7139,4235],{"class":124},[52,7141,4238],{"class":163},[52,7143,4617],{"class":124},[52,7145,2120],{"class":66},[20,7147,7148],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[38,7150,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,7152,7154],{"id":7153},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7156,5501,7157,7159,7160,121],{},[15,7158,1048],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7161,1039],{},[1335,7163,7165],{"id":7164},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7167,7168,2746,7170,7172],{},[15,7169,5537],{},[15,7171,1039],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1335,7174,7176],{"id":7175},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7178,7179,7181,7182,7184],{},[15,7180,5537],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7183,3931],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1335,7186,7188],{"id":7187},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7190,7191],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[43,7193,7194],{"className":45,"code":6298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7195,7196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7197,7198,7200,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7199,5707],{"class":141},[52,7201,145],{"class":66},[52,7203,6309],{"class":124},[52,7205,6312],{"class":163},[52,7207,6315],{"class":124},[52,7209,4238],{"class":163},[52,7211,6320],{"class":124},[52,7213,151],{"class":66},[20,7215,5826],{},[43,7217,7218],{"className":45,"code":7097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7219,7220,7240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7221,7222,7224,7226,7228,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7223,3971],{"class":58},[52,7225,63],{"class":62},[52,7227,755],{"class":66},[52,7229,3339],{"class":103},[52,7231,91],{"class":66},[52,7233,1378],{"class":103},[52,7235,91],{"class":66},[52,7237,2801],{"class":103},[52,7239,766],{"class":66},[52,7241,7242,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260,7262,7264],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7243,142],{"class":141},[52,7245,145],{"class":66},[52,7247,5707],{"class":141},[52,7249,145],{"class":66},[52,7251,3375],{"class":124},[52,7253,4606],{"class":62},[52,7255,1378],{"class":103},[52,7257,4232],{"class":163},[52,7259,4235],{"class":124},[52,7261,4238],{"class":163},[52,7263,4617],{"class":124},[52,7265,2120],{"class":66},[38,7267,2240],{"id":2239},[234,7269,7270,7276,7280,7284,7289],{},[237,7271,7272],{},[257,7273,7274,3861],{"href":5779},[15,7275,3931],{},[237,7277,7278],{},[257,7279,4162],{"href":6131},[237,7281,7282],{},[257,7283,5569],{"href":5940},[237,7285,7286],{},[257,7287,7288],{"href":6551},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[237,7290,7291],{},[257,7292,7293,3861],{"href":6134},[15,7294,4168],{},[2278,7296,7297],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":7299},[7300,7301,7302,7303,7304,7305,7306,7307,7313,7319],{"id":5729,"depth":110,"text":5730},{"id":5784,"depth":110,"text":5785},{"id":4083,"depth":110,"text":4084},{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":6283,"depth":110,"text":6284},{"id":6555,"depth":110,"text":6556},{"id":6666,"depth":110,"text":6667},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":7308},[7309,7310,7311,7312],{"id":6875,"depth":131,"text":6876},{"id":6928,"depth":131,"text":6929},{"id":6986,"depth":131,"text":6987},{"id":7036,"depth":131,"text":7037},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":7314},[7315,7316,7317,7318],{"id":7153,"depth":131,"text":7154},{"id":7164,"depth":131,"text":7165},{"id":7175,"depth":131,"text":7176},{"id":7187,"depth":131,"text":7188},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5632,"description":7320},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7326,"title":7327,"body":7328,"description":9459,"extension":2310,"meta":9460,"navigation":134,"path":9461,"seo":9462,"stem":9463,"__hash__":9464},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7329,"toc":9422},[7330,7333,7342,7352,7354,7451,7453,7482,7498,7502,7507,7510,7520,7526,7532,7548,7550,7558,7565,7569,7572,7587,7592,7610,7615,7617,7665,7667,7684,7688,7694,7697,7732,7734,7840,7842,7879,7883,7891,7893,7913,7915,8035,8037,8066,8069,8092,8094,8102,8110,8114,8120,8124,8166,8168,8176,8179,8207,8209,8217,8221,8250,8252,8260,8292,8294,8302,8306,8357,8359,8367,8375,8379,8382,8435,8437,8457,8464,8468,8474,8477,8485,8507,8509,8517,8525,8548,8550,8558,8563,8568,8580,8582,8623,8634,8638,8647,8650,8653,8712,8715,8767,8770,8775,8791,8797,8799,8804,8813,8816,8838,8840,8848,8853,8856,8891,8893,8901,8905,8910,8948,8960,8963,9017,9025,9029,9032,9054,9063,9066,9107,9109,9132,9138,9144,9159,9161,9181,9184,9203,9205,9224,9228,9234,9313,9316,9330,9337,9339,9343,9350,9354,9358,9362,9367,9371,9376,9380,9387,9389,9419],[10,7331,7327],{"id":7332},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7334,2327,7335,7337,7338,261,7340,121],{},[15,7336,4168],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7339,1048],{},[15,7341,1039],{},[20,7343,7344,7345,7347,7348,7351],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7346,4168],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7349,7350],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[38,7353,3961],{"id":3960},[43,7355,7357],{"className":45,"code":7356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7358,7359,7373,7387,7401,7419,7429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7360,7361,7363,7365,7367,7369,7371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7362,142],{"class":141},[52,7364,145],{"class":66},[52,7366,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7368,145],{"class":66},[52,7370,2467],{"class":103},[52,7372,2120],{"class":66},[52,7374,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7376,142],{"class":141},[52,7378,145],{"class":66},[52,7380,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7382,145],{"class":66},[52,7384,3339],{"class":103},[52,7386,2120],{"class":66},[52,7388,7389,7391,7393,7395,7397,7399],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7390,142],{"class":141},[52,7392,145],{"class":66},[52,7394,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7396,145],{"class":66},[52,7398,6626],{"class":70},[52,7400,2120],{"class":66},[52,7402,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7404,142],{"class":141},[52,7406,145],{"class":66},[52,7408,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7410,145],{"class":66},[52,7412,71],{"class":70},[52,7414,4201],{"class":74},[52,7416,71],{"class":70},[52,7418,2120],{"class":66},[52,7420,7421,7423,7425,7427],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,7422,142],{"class":141},[52,7424,145],{"class":66},[52,7426,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7428,4782],{"class":66},[52,7430,7431,7433,7435,7437,7439,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,7432,142],{"class":141},[52,7434,145],{"class":66},[52,7436,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7438,3336],{"class":66},[52,7440,3339],{"class":103},[52,7442,91],{"class":66},[52,7444,1378],{"class":103},[52,7446,91],{"class":66},[52,7448,2801],{"class":103},[52,7450,2144],{"class":66},[20,7452,5913],{},[43,7454,7456],{"className":45,"code":7455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7457,7458,7462,7466,7470,7474,7478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7459,7460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7461,219],{"class":218},[52,7463,7464],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7465,1025],{"class":218},[52,7467,7468],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7469,219],{"class":218},[52,7471,7472],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7473,1025],{"class":218},[52,7475,7476],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,7477,219],{"class":218},[52,7479,7480],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,7481,1025],{"class":218},[20,7483,222,7484,7487,7488,261,7490,7492,7493,7495,7496,121],{},[15,7485,7486],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7489,1048],{},[15,7491,1039],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7494,1039],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7497,1048],{},[38,7499,7501],{"id":7500},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7503,7504,7506],{},[15,7505,4168],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7508,7509],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[234,7511,7512,7516],{},[237,7513,7514],{},[15,7515,1048],{},[237,7517,7518],{},[15,7519,1039],{},[20,7521,7522,7523,7525],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7524,7350],{}," statements.",[20,7527,7528,7529,7531],{},"You can also call ",[15,7530,4168],{}," with no argument:",[43,7533,7535],{"className":45,"code":7534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool())\n",[15,7536,7537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7538,7539,7541,7543,7545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7540,142],{"class":141},[52,7542,145],{"class":66},[52,7544,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7546,7547],{"class":66},"())\n",[20,7549,173],{},[43,7551,7552],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7553,7554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7555,7556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7557,219],{"class":218},[20,7559,7560,7561,121],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[257,7562,7564],{"href":7563},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[38,7566,7568],{"id":7567},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7570,7571],{},"The basic syntax is:",[43,7573,7575],{"className":45,"code":7574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bool(value)\n",[15,7576,7577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7578,7579,7581,7583,7585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7580,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7582,145],{"class":66},[52,7584,2823],{"class":124},[52,7586,151],{"class":66},[20,7588,2327,7589,7591],{},[15,7590,2823],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[234,7593,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602,7605,7607],{},[237,7595,4001],{},[237,7597,5662],{},[237,7599,5653],{},[237,7601,5656],{},[237,7603,7604],{},"dictionaries",[237,7606,5659],{},[237,7608,7609],{},"other objects",[20,7611,7612,7613,121],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7614,1039],{},[20,7616,309],{},[43,7618,7620],{"className":45,"code":7619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7621,7622,7636,7655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7625,142],{"class":141},[52,7627,145],{"class":66},[52,7629,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7631,145],{"class":66},[52,7633,2679],{"class":103},[52,7635,2120],{"class":66},[52,7637,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646,7648,7651,7653],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7639,142],{"class":141},[52,7641,145],{"class":66},[52,7643,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7645,145],{"class":66},[52,7647,71],{"class":70},[52,7649,7650],{"class":74},"Python",[52,7652,71],{"class":70},[52,7654,2120],{"class":66},[52,7656,7657,7659,7661,7663],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7658,142],{"class":141},[52,7660,145],{"class":66},[52,7662,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7664,7547],{"class":66},[20,7666,173],{},[43,7668,7670],{"className":45,"code":7669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7671,7672,7676,7680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7673,7674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7675,1025],{"class":218},[52,7677,7678],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7679,1025],{"class":218},[52,7681,7682],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7683,219],{"class":218},[38,7685,7687],{"id":7686},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7689,7690,7691,7693],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[33,7692,5950],{}," values.",[20,7695,7696],{},"Common examples:",[234,7698,7699,7703,7707,7711,7715,7720,7724,7728],{},[237,7700,7701],{},[15,7702,2467],{},[237,7704,7705],{},[15,7706,4123],{},[237,7708,7709],{},[15,7710,6626],{},[237,7712,7713],{},[15,7714,4142],{},[237,7716,7717],{},[15,7718,7719],{},"()",[237,7721,7722],{},[15,7723,4147],{},[237,7725,7726],{},[15,7727,4152],{},[237,7729,7730],{},[15,7731,4133],{},[20,7733,309],{},[43,7735,7737],{"className":45,"code":7736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7738,7739,7753,7767,7781,7791,7801,7812,7826],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7740,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7742,142],{"class":141},[52,7744,145],{"class":66},[52,7746,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7748,145],{"class":66},[52,7750,2467],{"class":103},[52,7752,2120],{"class":66},[52,7754,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7756,142],{"class":141},[52,7758,145],{"class":66},[52,7760,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7762,145],{"class":66},[52,7764,4123],{"class":103},[52,7766,2120],{"class":66},[52,7768,7769,7771,7773,7775,7777,7779],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7770,142],{"class":141},[52,7772,145],{"class":66},[52,7774,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7776,145],{"class":66},[52,7778,6626],{"class":70},[52,7780,2120],{"class":66},[52,7782,7783,7785,7787,7789],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7784,142],{"class":141},[52,7786,145],{"class":66},[52,7788,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7790,4782],{"class":66},[52,7792,7793,7795,7797,7799],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,7794,142],{"class":141},[52,7796,145],{"class":66},[52,7798,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7800,4840],{"class":66},[52,7802,7803,7805,7807,7809],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,7804,142],{"class":141},[52,7806,145],{"class":66},[52,7808,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7810,7811],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[52,7813,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,7815,142],{"class":141},[52,7817,145],{"class":66},[52,7819,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7821,145],{"class":66},[52,7823,6641],{"class":3251},[52,7825,6644],{"class":66},[52,7827,7828,7830,7832,7834,7836,7838],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,7829,142],{"class":141},[52,7831,145],{"class":66},[52,7833,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7835,145],{"class":66},[52,7837,4133],{"class":218},[52,7839,2120],{"class":66},[20,7841,173],{},[43,7843,7845],{"className":45,"code":7844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7846,7847,7851,7855,7859,7863,7867,7871,7875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7848,7849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7850,219],{"class":218},[52,7852,7853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7854,219],{"class":218},[52,7856,7857],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7858,219],{"class":218},[52,7860,7861],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7862,219],{"class":218},[52,7864,7865],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,7866,219],{"class":218},[52,7868,7869],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,7870,219],{"class":218},[52,7872,7873],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,7874,219],{"class":218},[52,7876,7877],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,7878,219],{"class":218},[38,7880,7882],{"id":7881},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7884,7885,7886,7888,7889,7693],{},"Many values become ",[15,7887,1048],{},". These are often called ",[33,7890,5947],{},[20,7892,7696],{},[234,7894,7895,7898,7901,7904,7907,7910],{},[237,7896,7897],{},"non-zero numbers",[237,7899,7900],{},"non-empty strings",[237,7902,7903],{},"non-empty lists",[237,7905,7906],{},"non-empty tuples",[237,7908,7909],{},"non-empty sets",[237,7911,7912],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7914,309],{},[43,7916,7918],{"className":45,"code":7917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7919,7920,7934,7950,7968,7990,8008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7921,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7923,142],{"class":141},[52,7925,145],{"class":66},[52,7927,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7929,145],{"class":66},[52,7931,2484],{"class":103},[52,7933,2120],{"class":66},[52,7935,7936,7938,7940,7942,7944,7946,7948],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,7937,142],{"class":141},[52,7939,145],{"class":66},[52,7941,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7943,145],{"class":66},[52,7945,2369],{"class":62},[52,7947,2404],{"class":103},[52,7949,2120],{"class":66},[52,7951,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962,7964,7966],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7953,142],{"class":141},[52,7955,145],{"class":66},[52,7957,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7959,145],{"class":66},[52,7961,71],{"class":70},[52,7963,4201],{"class":74},[52,7965,71],{"class":70},[52,7967,2120],{"class":66},[52,7969,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982,7984,7986,7988],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7971,142],{"class":141},[52,7973,145],{"class":66},[52,7975,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7977,3336],{"class":66},[52,7979,3339],{"class":103},[52,7981,91],{"class":66},[52,7983,1378],{"class":103},[52,7985,91],{"class":66},[52,7987,2801],{"class":103},[52,7989,2144],{"class":66},[52,7991,7992,7994,7996,7998,8000,8002,8004,8006],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,7993,142],{"class":141},[52,7995,145],{"class":66},[52,7997,4223],{"class":3251},[52,7999,5864],{"class":66},[52,8001,3339],{"class":103},[52,8003,91],{"class":66},[52,8005,1378],{"class":103},[52,8007,3262],{"class":66},[52,8009,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028,8031,8033],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,8011,142],{"class":141},[52,8013,145],{"class":66},[52,8015,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8017,5883],{"class":66},[52,8019,71],{"class":70},[52,8021,75],{"class":74},[52,8023,71],{"class":70},[52,8025,80],{"class":66},[52,8027,83],{"class":70},[52,8029,8030],{"class":74},"Sam",[52,8032,71],{"class":70},[52,8034,5892],{"class":66},[20,8036,173],{},[43,8038,8040],{"className":45,"code":8039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8041,8042,8046,8050,8054,8058,8062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8043,8044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8045,1025],{"class":218},[52,8047,8048],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8049,1025],{"class":218},[52,8051,8052],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8053,1025],{"class":218},[52,8055,8056],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8057,1025],{"class":218},[52,8059,8060],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,8061,1025],{"class":218},[52,8063,8064],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,8065,1025],{"class":218},[20,8067,8068],{},"One important example is this:",[43,8070,8072],{"className":45,"code":8071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8073,8074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8075,8076,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8077,142],{"class":141},[52,8079,145],{"class":66},[52,8081,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8083,145],{"class":66},[52,8085,71],{"class":70},[52,8087,1039],{"class":74},[52,8089,71],{"class":70},[52,8091,2120],{"class":66},[20,8093,173],{},[43,8095,8096],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8097,8098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8099,8100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8101,1025],{"class":218},[20,8103,8104,8105,8107,8108,121],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8106,7032],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8109,1048],{},[38,8111,8113],{"id":8112},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8115,8116,8117,8119],{},"You can use ",[15,8118,4168],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1335,8121,8123],{"id":8122},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[43,8125,8127],{"className":45,"code":8126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8128,8129,8151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8130,8131,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142,8144,8146,8149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8132,8133],{"class":58},"items ",[52,8135,63],{"class":62},[52,8137,755],{"class":66},[52,8139,2679],{"class":103},[52,8141,91],{"class":66},[52,8143,104],{"class":103},[52,8145,91],{"class":66},[52,8147,8148],{"class":103}," 30",[52,8150,766],{"class":66},[52,8152,8153,8155,8157,8159,8161,8164],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8154,142],{"class":141},[52,8156,145],{"class":66},[52,8158,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8160,145],{"class":66},[52,8162,8163],{"class":124},"items",[52,8165,2120],{"class":66},[20,8167,173],{},[43,8169,8170],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8171,8172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8173,8174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8175,1025],{"class":218},[20,8177,8178],{},"With an empty list:",[43,8180,8182],{"className":45,"code":8181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8183,8184,8193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8185,8186,8188,8190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8187,8133],{"class":58},[52,8189,63],{"class":62},[52,8191,8192],{"class":66}," []\n",[52,8194,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8196,142],{"class":141},[52,8198,145],{"class":66},[52,8200,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8202,145],{"class":66},[52,8204,8163],{"class":124},[52,8206,2120],{"class":66},[20,8208,173],{},[43,8210,8211],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8212,8213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8214,8215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8216,219],{"class":218},[1335,8218,8220],{"id":8219},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[43,8222,8224],{"className":45,"code":8223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8225,8226,8236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8227,8228,8231,8233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8229,8230],{"class":58},"name ",[52,8232,63],{"class":62},[52,8234,8235],{"class":70}," \"\"\n",[52,8237,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8239,142],{"class":141},[52,8241,145],{"class":66},[52,8243,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8245,145],{"class":66},[52,8247,75],{"class":124},[52,8249,2120],{"class":66},[20,8251,173],{},[43,8253,8254],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8255,8256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8257,8258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8259,219],{"class":218},[43,8261,8263],{"className":45,"code":8262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8264,8265,8278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8266,8267,8269,8271,8273,8276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8268,8230],{"class":58},[52,8270,63],{"class":62},[52,8272,83],{"class":70},[52,8274,8275],{"class":74},"Mia",[52,8277,3710],{"class":70},[52,8279,8280,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8281,142],{"class":141},[52,8283,145],{"class":66},[52,8285,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8287,145],{"class":66},[52,8289,75],{"class":124},[52,8291,2120],{"class":66},[20,8293,173],{},[43,8295,8296],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8297,8298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8299,8300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8301,1025],{"class":218},[1335,8303,8305],{"id":8304},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[43,8307,8309],{"className":45,"code":8308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8310,8311,8325,8342,8346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8312,8313,8316,8318,8320,8323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8314,8315],{"class":58},"username ",[52,8317,63],{"class":62},[52,8319,83],{"class":70},[52,8321,8322],{"class":74},"alex",[52,8324,3710],{"class":70},[52,8326,8327,8330,8332,8335,8337,8340],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8328,8329],{"class":58},"has_name ",[52,8331,63],{"class":62},[52,8333,8334],{"class":3251}," bool",[52,8336,145],{"class":66},[52,8338,8339],{"class":124},"username",[52,8341,151],{"class":66},[52,8343,8344],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8345,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,8347,8348,8350,8352,8355],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8349,142],{"class":141},[52,8351,145],{"class":66},[52,8353,8354],{"class":124},"has_name",[52,8356,151],{"class":66},[20,8358,173],{},[43,8360,8361],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8362,8363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8364,8365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8366,1025],{"class":218},[20,8368,8369,8370,261,8372,8374],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8371,1048],{},[15,8373,1039],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1335,8376,8378],{"id":8377},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8380,8381],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[43,8383,8385],{"className":45,"code":8384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8386,8387,8407,8411,8419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8388,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8390,3971],{"class":58},[52,8392,63],{"class":62},[52,8394,755],{"class":66},[52,8396,3339],{"class":103},[52,8398,91],{"class":66},[52,8400,1378],{"class":103},[52,8402,91],{"class":66},[52,8404,2801],{"class":103},[52,8406,766],{"class":66},[52,8408,8409],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8410,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,8412,8413,8415,8417],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8414,7350],{"class":163},[52,8416,4617],{"class":58},[52,8418,6748],{"class":66},[52,8420,8421,8424,8426,8428,8431,8433],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8422,8423],{"class":141},"    print",[52,8425,145],{"class":66},[52,8427,71],{"class":70},[52,8429,8430],{"class":74},"The list is not empty",[52,8432,71],{"class":70},[52,8434,151],{"class":66},[20,8436,173],{},[43,8438,8440],{"className":45,"code":8439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8441,8442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8443,8444,8446,8449,8451,8454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8445,2327],{"class":58},[52,8447,8448],{"class":3251},"list",[52,8450,900],{"class":62},[52,8452,8453],{"class":62}," not",[52,8455,8456],{"class":58}," empty\n",[20,8458,8459,8460,121],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[257,8461,8463],{"href":8462},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[38,8465,8467],{"id":8466},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8469,8470,8471,8473],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8472,4168],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8475,8476],{},"It does not do that.",[1335,8478,8480,2746,8483],{"id":8479},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8481,8482],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8484,1048],{},[43,8486,8487],{"className":45,"code":8071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8488,8489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8490,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8492,142],{"class":141},[52,8494,145],{"class":66},[52,8496,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8498,145],{"class":66},[52,8500,71],{"class":70},[52,8502,1039],{"class":74},[52,8504,71],{"class":70},[52,8506,2120],{"class":66},[20,8508,173],{},[43,8510,8511],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8512,8513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8514,8515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8516,1025],{"class":218},[1335,8518,8520,2746,8523],{"id":8519},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8521,8522],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8524,1048],{},[43,8526,8528],{"className":45,"code":8527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8529,8530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8531,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8533,142],{"class":141},[52,8535,145],{"class":66},[52,8537,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8539,145],{"class":66},[52,8541,71],{"class":70},[52,8543,2467],{"class":74},[52,8545,71],{"class":70},[52,8547,2120],{"class":66},[20,8549,173],{},[43,8551,8552],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8553,8554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8555,8556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8557,1025],{"class":218},[20,8559,8560,8561,121],{},"This happens because both values are ",[33,8562,7900],{},[20,8564,8565,8567],{},[15,8566,4168],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8569,8570,8571,8576,8577,8579],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[257,8572,8574],{"href":8573},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8575,3308],{},", because ",[15,8578,3308],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8581,309],{},[43,8583,8585],{"className":45,"code":8584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8586,8587,8608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8588,8589,8592,8594,8597,8599,8601,8604,8606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8590,8591],{"class":58},"user_value ",[52,8593,63],{"class":62},[52,8595,8596],{"class":141}," input",[52,8598,145],{"class":66},[52,8600,71],{"class":70},[52,8602,8603],{"class":74},"Enter True or False: ",[52,8605,71],{"class":70},[52,8607,151],{"class":66},[52,8609,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618,8621],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8611,142],{"class":141},[52,8613,145],{"class":66},[52,8615,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8617,145],{"class":66},[52,8619,8620],{"class":124},"user_value",[52,8622,2120],{"class":66},[20,8624,8625,8626,8628,8629,8576,8631,8633],{},"If the user types ",[15,8627,1039],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8630,1048],{},[15,8632,7032],{}," is not empty.",[38,8635,8637],{"id":8636},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8639,8640,8641,8643,8644,8646],{},"In many ",[15,8642,7350],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8645,4168],{}," yourself.",[20,8648,8649],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8651,8652],{},"Instead of this:",[43,8654,8656],{"className":45,"code":8655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8657,8658,8679,8683,8697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8659,8660,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8661,8662],{"class":58},"my_list ",[52,8664,63],{"class":62},[52,8666,755],{"class":66},[52,8668,3339],{"class":103},[52,8670,91],{"class":66},[52,8672,1378],{"class":103},[52,8674,91],{"class":66},[52,8676,2801],{"class":103},[52,8678,766],{"class":66},[52,8680,8681],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8682,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,8684,8685,8687,8689,8691,8694],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8686,7350],{"class":163},[52,8688,8334],{"class":3251},[52,8690,145],{"class":66},[52,8692,8693],{"class":124},"my_list",[52,8695,8696],{"class":66},"):\n",[52,8698,8699,8701,8703,8705,8708,8710],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8700,8423],{"class":141},[52,8702,145],{"class":66},[52,8704,71],{"class":70},[52,8706,8707],{"class":74},"List has items",[52,8709,71],{"class":70},[52,8711,151],{"class":66},[20,8713,8714],{},"You can simply write:",[43,8716,8718],{"className":45,"code":8717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8719,8720,8740,8744,8753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8721,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734,8736,8738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8723,8662],{"class":58},[52,8725,63],{"class":62},[52,8727,755],{"class":66},[52,8729,3339],{"class":103},[52,8731,91],{"class":66},[52,8733,1378],{"class":103},[52,8735,91],{"class":66},[52,8737,2801],{"class":103},[52,8739,766],{"class":66},[52,8741,8742],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8743,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,8745,8746,8748,8751],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8747,7350],{"class":163},[52,8749,8750],{"class":58}," my_list",[52,8752,6748],{"class":66},[52,8754,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8756,8423],{"class":141},[52,8758,145],{"class":66},[52,8760,71],{"class":70},[52,8762,8707],{"class":74},[52,8764,71],{"class":70},[52,8766,151],{"class":66},[20,8768,8769],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8771,1326,8772,8774],{},[15,8773,4168],{}," is still helpful when:",[234,8776,8777,8780,8788],{},[237,8778,8779],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[237,8781,8782,8783,261,8785,8787],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8784,1048],{},[15,8786,1039],{}," value",[237,8789,8790],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8792,8793,8794,121],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[257,8795,8796],{"href":2647},"Python type() function explained",[38,8798,2022],{"id":2021},[20,8800,8801,8802,121],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8803,4168],{},[1335,8805,8807,8808,8810,8811],{"id":8806},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8809,8482],{}," to return ",[15,8812,1039],{},[20,8814,8815],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[43,8817,8818],{"className":45,"code":8071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8819,8820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8821,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8823,142],{"class":141},[52,8825,145],{"class":66},[52,8827,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8829,145],{"class":66},[52,8831,71],{"class":70},[52,8833,1039],{"class":74},[52,8835,71],{"class":70},[52,8837,2120],{"class":66},[20,8839,173],{},[43,8841,8842],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8843,8844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8845,8846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8847,1025],{"class":218},[20,8849,8850,8851,7033],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8852,7032],{},[20,8854,8855],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[43,8857,8859],{"className":45,"code":8858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8860,8861,8873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8862,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8864,2796],{"class":58},[52,8866,63],{"class":62},[52,8868,83],{"class":70},[52,8870,1039],{"class":74},[52,8872,3710],{"class":70},[52,8874,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8876,142],{"class":141},[52,8878,145],{"class":66},[52,8880,2796],{"class":124},[52,8882,5042],{"class":62},[52,8884,83],{"class":70},[52,8886,1048],{"class":74},[52,8888,71],{"class":70},[52,8890,151],{"class":66},[20,8892,173],{},[43,8894,8895],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8896,8897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8898,8899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8900,219],{"class":218},[1335,8902,8904],{"id":8903},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8906,8907,8909],{},[15,8908,3308],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[43,8911,8913],{"className":45,"code":8912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8914,8915,8934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8916,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927,8930,8932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8918,2796],{"class":58},[52,8920,63],{"class":62},[52,8922,8596],{"class":141},[52,8924,145],{"class":66},[52,8926,71],{"class":70},[52,8928,8929],{"class":74},"Enter yes or no: ",[52,8931,71],{"class":70},[52,8933,151],{"class":66},[52,8935,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,8937,142],{"class":141},[52,8939,145],{"class":66},[52,8941,4223],{"class":3251},[52,8943,145],{"class":66},[52,8945,2823],{"class":124},[52,8947,2120],{"class":66},[20,8949,8625,8950,8953,8954,8956,8957,8633],{},[15,8951,8952],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8955,1048],{}," because ",[15,8958,8959],{},"\"no\"",[20,8961,8962],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[43,8964,8966],{"className":45,"code":8965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8967,8968,8998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8969,8970,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8987,8990,8993,8996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8971,2796],{"class":58},[52,8973,63],{"class":62},[52,8975,8596],{"class":141},[52,8977,145],{"class":66},[52,8979,71],{"class":70},[52,8981,8929],{"class":74},[52,8983,71],{"class":70},[52,8985,8986],{"class":66},").",[52,8988,8989],{"class":124},"strip",[52,8991,8992],{"class":66},"().",[52,8994,8995],{"class":124},"lower",[52,8997,128],{"class":66},[52,8999,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008,9010,9013,9015],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9001,142],{"class":141},[52,9003,145],{"class":66},[52,9005,2796],{"class":124},[52,9007,5042],{"class":62},[52,9009,83],{"class":70},[52,9011,9012],{"class":74},"yes",[52,9014,71],{"class":70},[52,9016,151],{"class":66},[20,9018,9019,9020,9022,9023,121],{},"This gives ",[15,9021,1048],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9024,9012],{},[1335,9026,9028],{"id":9027},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9030,9031],{},"These are different:",[234,9033,9034,9038,9042,9046,9050],{},[237,9035,9036],{},[15,9037,1039],{},[237,9039,9040],{},[15,9041,2467],{},[237,9043,9044],{},[15,9045,6626],{},[237,9047,9048],{},[15,9049,4142],{},[237,9051,9052],{},[15,9053,4133],{},[20,9055,9056,9057,9059,9060,9062],{},"They all become ",[15,9058,1039],{}," with ",[15,9061,4168],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9064,9065],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[43,9067,9069],{"className":45,"code":9068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9070,9071,9079,9093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9072,9073,9075,9077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9074,2796],{"class":58},[52,9076,63],{"class":62},[52,9078,8192],{"class":66},[52,9080,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9082,142],{"class":141},[52,9084,145],{"class":66},[52,9086,3573],{"class":3251},[52,9088,145],{"class":66},[52,9090,2823],{"class":124},[52,9092,2120],{"class":66},[52,9094,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,9096,142],{"class":141},[52,9098,145],{"class":66},[52,9100,4223],{"class":3251},[52,9102,145],{"class":66},[52,9104,2823],{"class":124},[52,9106,2120],{"class":66},[20,9108,173],{},[43,9110,9112],{"className":45,"code":9111,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9113,9114,9128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9115,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9117,3642],{"class":62},[52,9119,3645],{"class":2413},[52,9121,195],{"class":70},[52,9123,8448],{"class":74},[52,9125,186],{"class":70},[52,9127,3654],{"class":62},[52,9129,9130],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9131,219],{"class":218},[1335,9133,1326,9135,9137],{"id":9134},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9136,4147],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9139,9140,9141,9143],{},"In Python, ",[15,9142,4147],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[43,9145,9147],{"className":45,"code":9146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9148,9149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9150,9151,9153,9155,9157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9152,142],{"class":141},[52,9154,145],{"class":66},[52,9156,3573],{"class":3251},[52,9158,7811],{"class":66},[20,9160,173],{},[43,9162,9164],{"className":45,"code":9163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9165,9166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9167,9168,9170,9172,9174,9177,9179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9169,3642],{"class":62},[52,9171,3645],{"class":2413},[52,9173,195],{"class":70},[52,9175,9176],{"class":74},"dict",[52,9178,186],{"class":70},[52,9180,3654],{"class":62},[20,9182,9183],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[43,9185,9187],{"className":45,"code":9186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9188,9189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9190,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9192,142],{"class":141},[52,9194,145],{"class":66},[52,9196,3573],{"class":3251},[52,9198,145],{"class":66},[52,9200,6641],{"class":3251},[52,9202,6644],{"class":66},[20,9204,173],{},[43,9206,9208],{"className":45,"code":9207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9209,9210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9211,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9213,3642],{"class":62},[52,9215,3645],{"class":2413},[52,9217,195],{"class":70},[52,9219,6641],{"class":74},[52,9221,186],{"class":70},[52,9223,3654],{"class":62},[38,9225,9227],{"id":9226},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9229,9230,9231,9233],{},"If ",[15,9232,4168],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[43,9235,9237],{"className":45,"code":9236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9238,9239,9253,9267,9277,9295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9240,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9242,142],{"class":141},[52,9244,145],{"class":66},[52,9246,4223],{"class":3251},[52,9248,145],{"class":66},[52,9250,2823],{"class":124},[52,9252,2120],{"class":66},[52,9254,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9256,142],{"class":141},[52,9258,145],{"class":66},[52,9260,3573],{"class":3251},[52,9262,145],{"class":66},[52,9264,2823],{"class":124},[52,9266,2120],{"class":66},[52,9268,9269,9271,9273,9275],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,9270,142],{"class":141},[52,9272,145],{"class":66},[52,9274,2823],{"class":124},[52,9276,151],{"class":66},[52,9278,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,9280,142],{"class":141},[52,9282,145],{"class":66},[52,9284,2796],{"class":124},[52,9286,5042],{"class":62},[52,9288,83],{"class":70},[52,9290,1048],{"class":74},[52,9292,71],{"class":70},[52,9294,151],{"class":66},[52,9296,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9307,9309,9311],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,9298,142],{"class":141},[52,9300,145],{"class":66},[52,9302,2823],{"class":124},[52,9304,121],{"class":66},[52,9306,8989],{"class":124},[52,9308,8992],{"class":66},[52,9310,8995],{"class":124},[52,9312,7547],{"class":66},[20,9314,9315],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[234,9317,9318,9321,9324,9327],{},[237,9319,9320],{},"what the value really is",[237,9322,9323],{},"whether it is a string",[237,9325,9326],{},"whether it contains spaces",[237,9328,9329],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9331,9332,9333,121],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[257,9334,9336],{"href":9335},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[38,9338,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,9340,9342],{"id":9341},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9344,9345,9346,261,9348,121],{},"It returns either ",[15,9347,1048],{},[15,9349,1039],{},[1335,9351,9353],{"id":9352},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9355,5501,9356,121],{},[15,9357,1039],{},[1335,9359,9361],{"id":9360},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9363,9364,9365,121],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9366,1048],{},[1335,9368,9370],{"id":9369},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9372,9373,9374,121],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9375,1039],{},[1335,9377,9379],{"id":9378},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9381,9382,9383,261,9385,4092],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9384,1048],{},[15,9386,1039],{},[38,9388,2240],{"id":2239},[234,9390,9391,9396,9400,9405,9409,9414],{},[237,9392,9393],{},[257,9394,9395],{"href":6131},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[237,9397,9398],{},[257,9399,8463],{"href":8462},[237,9401,9402],{},[257,9403,9404],{"href":8573},"Python input() function explained",[237,9406,9407],{},[257,9408,8796],{"href":2647},[237,9410,9411],{},[257,9412,9413],{"href":9335},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[237,9415,9416],{},[257,9417,9418],{"href":7563},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2278,9420,9421],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":9423},[9424,9425,9426,9427,9428,9429,9435,9441,9442,9450,9451,9458],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":7500,"depth":110,"text":7501},{"id":7567,"depth":110,"text":7568},{"id":7686,"depth":110,"text":7687},{"id":7881,"depth":110,"text":7882},{"id":8112,"depth":110,"text":8113,"children":9430},[9431,9432,9433,9434],{"id":8122,"depth":131,"text":8123},{"id":8219,"depth":131,"text":8220},{"id":8304,"depth":131,"text":8305},{"id":8377,"depth":131,"text":8378},{"id":8466,"depth":110,"text":8467,"children":9436},[9437,9439],{"id":8479,"depth":131,"text":9438},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8519,"depth":131,"text":9440},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8636,"depth":110,"text":8637},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":9443},[9444,9446,9447,9448],{"id":8806,"depth":131,"text":9445},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8903,"depth":131,"text":8904},{"id":9027,"depth":131,"text":9028},{"id":9134,"depth":131,"text":9449},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9226,"depth":110,"text":9227},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":9452},[9453,9454,9455,9456,9457],{"id":9341,"depth":131,"text":9342},{"id":9352,"depth":131,"text":9353},{"id":9360,"depth":131,"text":9361},{"id":9369,"depth":131,"text":9370},{"id":9378,"depth":131,"text":9379},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7327,"description":9459},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9466,"title":9467,"body":9468,"description":11647,"extension":2310,"meta":11648,"navigation":134,"path":11649,"seo":11650,"stem":11651,"__hash__":11652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9469,"toc":11609},[9470,9476,9482,9489,9494,9505,9511,9617,9621,9686,9691,9696,9701,9704,9715,9720,9723,9734,9740,9742,9747,9751,9776,9780,9789,9793,9856,9860,9893,9897,9942,9946,9983,9987,9990,10046,10050,10096,10099,10104,10143,10147,10170,10173,10187,10200,10204,10209,10276,10280,10316,10319,10327,10330,10394,10398,10430,10436,10438,10497,10504,10507,10584,10588,10621,10625,10628,10672,10676,10712,10715,10732,10735,10738,10791,10794,10805,10812,10821,10824,10881,10885,10926,10934,10942,10947,10955,10967,10972,10983,11056,11059,11071,11085,11089,11094,11098,11100,11143,11149,11152,11215,11219,11222,11231,11236,11273,11277,11280,11288,11291,11330,11334,11337,11388,11392,11413,11420,11422,11428,11454,11457,11512,11515,11526,11528,11535,11543,11549,11554,11561,11564,11571,11578,11580,11606],[10,9471,3928,9473,3932],{"id":9472},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9474,9475],{},"dict()",[20,9477,9478,9479,9481],{},"The built-in ",[15,9480,9475],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9483,9484,9485,9488],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[33,9486,9487],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9490,9491,9493],{},[15,9492,9475],{}," is commonly used to:",[234,9495,9496,9499,9502],{},[237,9497,9498],{},"create an empty dictionary",[237,9500,9501],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[237,9503,9504],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9506,9507,9508,121],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[257,9509,260],{"href":9510},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F",[43,9512,9514],{"className":45,"code":9513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9515,9516,9550,9560,9564,9602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9517,9518,9520,9522,9525,9527,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9543,9545,9548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9519,1815],{"class":58},[52,9521,63],{"class":62},[52,9523,9524],{"class":3251}," dict",[52,9526,145],{"class":66},[52,9528,75],{"class":9529},"s99_P",[52,9531,63],{"class":62},[52,9533,186],{"class":70},[52,9535,5356],{"class":74},[52,9537,186],{"class":70},[52,9539,91],{"class":66},[52,9541,9542],{"class":9529}," age",[52,9544,63],{"class":62},[52,9546,9547],{"class":103},"25",[52,9549,151],{"class":66},[52,9551,9552,9554,9556,9558],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9553,142],{"class":141},[52,9555,145],{"class":66},[52,9557,1868],{"class":124},[52,9559,151],{"class":66},[52,9561,9562],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,9563,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,9565,9566,9569,9571,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,9567,9568],{"class":58},"pairs ",[52,9570,63],{"class":62},[52,9572,9573],{"class":66}," [(",[52,9575,186],{"class":70},[52,9577,257],{"class":74},[52,9579,186],{"class":70},[52,9581,91],{"class":66},[52,9583,1364],{"class":103},[52,9585,2110],{"class":66},[52,9587,9588],{"class":66}," (",[52,9590,186],{"class":70},[52,9592,345],{"class":74},[52,9594,186],{"class":70},[52,9596,91],{"class":66},[52,9598,1378],{"class":103},[52,9600,9601],{"class":66},")]\n",[52,9603,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9615],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,9605,142],{"class":141},[52,9607,145],{"class":66},[52,9609,9176],{"class":3251},[52,9611,145],{"class":66},[52,9613,9614],{"class":124},"pairs",[52,9616,2120],{"class":66},[20,9618,9619],{},[33,9620,173],{},[43,9622,9624],{"className":45,"code":9623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9625,9626,9658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9627,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9629,183],{"class":66},[52,9631,186],{"class":70},[52,9633,75],{"class":74},[52,9635,186],{"class":70},[52,9637,80],{"class":66},[52,9639,195],{"class":70},[52,9641,5356],{"class":74},[52,9643,186],{"class":70},[52,9645,91],{"class":66},[52,9647,195],{"class":70},[52,9649,96],{"class":74},[52,9651,186],{"class":70},[52,9653,80],{"class":66},[52,9655,483],{"class":103},[52,9657,107],{"class":66},[52,9659,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9661,183],{"class":66},[52,9663,186],{"class":70},[52,9665,257],{"class":74},[52,9667,186],{"class":70},[52,9669,80],{"class":66},[52,9671,1364],{"class":103},[52,9673,91],{"class":66},[52,9675,195],{"class":70},[52,9677,345],{"class":74},[52,9679,186],{"class":70},[52,9681,80],{"class":66},[52,9683,1378],{"class":103},[52,9685,107],{"class":66},[20,9687,222,9688,9690],{},[15,9689,9475],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[38,9692,4031,9694,4034],{"id":9693},"what-dict-does",[15,9695,9475],{},[20,9697,9698,9700],{},[15,9699,9475],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9702,9703],{},"A dictionary:",[234,9705,9706,9709,9712],{},[237,9707,9708],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[237,9710,9711],{},"lets you look up values by key",[237,9713,9714],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9716,9717,9719],{},[15,9718,9475],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9721,9722],{},"Common uses include:",[234,9724,9725,9728,9731],{},[237,9726,9727],{},"making an empty dictionary",[237,9729,9730],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[237,9732,9733],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9735,9736,9737,121],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[257,9738,265],{"href":9739},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F",[38,9741,269],{"id":268},[20,9743,9744,9746],{},[15,9745,9475],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1335,9748,9750],{"id":9749},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[43,9752,9754],{"className":45,"code":9753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9755,9756,9766],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9757,9758,9760,9762,9764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9759,1815],{"class":58},[52,9761,63],{"class":62},[52,9763,9524],{"class":3251},[52,9765,128],{"class":66},[52,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9769,142],{"class":141},[52,9771,145],{"class":66},[52,9773,1868],{"class":124},[52,9775,151],{"class":66},[20,9777,9778],{},[33,9779,173],{},[43,9781,9783],{"className":45,"code":9782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n",[15,9784,9785],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9786,9787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9788,9782],{"class":66},[1335,9790,9792],{"id":9791},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[43,9794,9796],{"className":45,"code":9795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9797,9798,9832,9846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9799,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9801,9568],{"class":58},[52,9803,63],{"class":62},[52,9805,9573],{"class":66},[52,9807,186],{"class":70},[52,9809,257],{"class":74},[52,9811,186],{"class":70},[52,9813,91],{"class":66},[52,9815,1364],{"class":103},[52,9817,2110],{"class":66},[52,9819,9588],{"class":66},[52,9821,186],{"class":70},[52,9823,345],{"class":74},[52,9825,186],{"class":70},[52,9827,91],{"class":66},[52,9829,1378],{"class":103},[52,9831,9601],{"class":66},[52,9833,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9835,1815],{"class":58},[52,9837,63],{"class":62},[52,9839,9524],{"class":3251},[52,9841,145],{"class":66},[52,9843,9614],{"class":124},[52,9845,151],{"class":66},[52,9847,9848,9850,9852,9854],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,9849,142],{"class":141},[52,9851,145],{"class":66},[52,9853,1868],{"class":124},[52,9855,151],{"class":66},[20,9857,9858],{},[33,9859,173],{},[43,9861,9863],{"className":45,"code":9862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9864,9865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9866,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9868,183],{"class":66},[52,9870,186],{"class":70},[52,9872,257],{"class":74},[52,9874,186],{"class":70},[52,9876,80],{"class":66},[52,9878,1364],{"class":103},[52,9880,91],{"class":66},[52,9882,195],{"class":70},[52,9884,345],{"class":74},[52,9886,186],{"class":70},[52,9888,80],{"class":66},[52,9890,1378],{"class":103},[52,9892,107],{"class":66},[1335,9894,9896],{"id":9895},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[43,9898,9900],{"className":45,"code":9899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9901,9902,9932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9903,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9905,1815],{"class":58},[52,9907,63],{"class":62},[52,9909,9524],{"class":3251},[52,9911,145],{"class":66},[52,9913,75],{"class":9529},[52,9915,63],{"class":62},[52,9917,186],{"class":70},[52,9919,5356],{"class":74},[52,9921,186],{"class":70},[52,9923,91],{"class":66},[52,9925,9542],{"class":9529},[52,9927,63],{"class":62},[52,9929,9547],{"class":103},[52,9931,151],{"class":66},[52,9933,9934,9936,9938,9940],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,9935,142],{"class":141},[52,9937,145],{"class":66},[52,9939,1868],{"class":124},[52,9941,151],{"class":66},[20,9943,9944],{},[33,9945,173],{},[43,9947,9949],{"className":45,"code":9948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9950,9951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9952,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9954,183],{"class":66},[52,9956,186],{"class":70},[52,9958,75],{"class":74},[52,9960,186],{"class":70},[52,9962,80],{"class":66},[52,9964,195],{"class":70},[52,9966,5356],{"class":74},[52,9968,186],{"class":70},[52,9970,91],{"class":66},[52,9972,195],{"class":70},[52,9974,96],{"class":74},[52,9976,186],{"class":70},[52,9978,80],{"class":66},[52,9980,483],{"class":103},[52,9982,107],{"class":66},[1335,9984,9986],{"id":9985},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9988,9989],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[43,9991,9993],{"className":45,"code":9992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9994,9995,10036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9996,9997,9999,10001,10003,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10030,10032,10034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9998,1815],{"class":58},[52,10000,63],{"class":62},[52,10002,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10004,10005],{"class":66},"([(",[52,10007,186],{"class":70},[52,10009,257],{"class":74},[52,10011,186],{"class":70},[52,10013,91],{"class":66},[52,10015,1364],{"class":103},[52,10017,10018],{"class":66},")],",[52,10020,2910],{"class":9529},[52,10022,63],{"class":62},[52,10024,2404],{"class":103},[52,10026,91],{"class":66},[52,10028,10029],{"class":9529}," c",[52,10031,63],{"class":62},[52,10033,2410],{"class":103},[52,10035,151],{"class":66},[52,10037,10038,10040,10042,10044],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10039,142],{"class":141},[52,10041,145],{"class":66},[52,10043,1868],{"class":124},[52,10045,151],{"class":66},[20,10047,10048],{},[33,10049,173],{},[43,10051,10053],{"className":45,"code":10052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10054,10055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10056,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10088,10090,10092,10094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10058,183],{"class":66},[52,10060,186],{"class":70},[52,10062,257],{"class":74},[52,10064,186],{"class":70},[52,10066,80],{"class":66},[52,10068,1364],{"class":103},[52,10070,91],{"class":66},[52,10072,195],{"class":70},[52,10074,345],{"class":74},[52,10076,186],{"class":70},[52,10078,80],{"class":66},[52,10080,1378],{"class":103},[52,10082,91],{"class":66},[52,10084,195],{"class":70},[52,10086,10087],{"class":74},"c",[52,10089,186],{"class":70},[52,10091,80],{"class":66},[52,10093,2801],{"class":103},[52,10095,107],{"class":66},[38,10097,9750],{"id":10098},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10100,222,10101,10103],{},[15,10102,9475],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[43,10105,10107],{"className":45,"code":10106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10108,10109,10119,10133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10110,10111,10113,10115,10117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10112,1815],{"class":58},[52,10114,63],{"class":62},[52,10116,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10118,128],{"class":66},[52,10120,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10122,142],{"class":141},[52,10124,145],{"class":66},[52,10126,3573],{"class":3251},[52,10128,145],{"class":66},[52,10130,1868],{"class":124},[52,10132,2120],{"class":66},[52,10134,10135,10137,10139,10141],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,10136,142],{"class":141},[52,10138,145],{"class":66},[52,10140,1868],{"class":124},[52,10142,151],{"class":66},[20,10144,10145],{},[33,10146,173],{},[43,10148,10150],{"className":45,"code":10149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10151,10152,10166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10153,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10155,3642],{"class":62},[52,10157,3645],{"class":2413},[52,10159,195],{"class":70},[52,10161,9176],{"class":74},[52,10163,186],{"class":70},[52,10165,3654],{"class":62},[52,10167,10168],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10169,9782],{"class":66},[20,10171,10172],{},"This gives the same result as:",[43,10174,10176],{"className":45,"code":10175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n",[15,10177,10178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10179,10180,10182,10184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10181,1815],{"class":58},[52,10183,63],{"class":62},[52,10185,10186],{"class":66}," {}\n",[20,10188,10189,10190,10192,10193,10196,10197,10199],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10191,4147],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10194,10195],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10198,9475],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[38,10201,10203],{"id":10202},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10205,10206,10207,121],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10208,9475],{},[43,10210,10212],{"className":45,"code":10211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10213,10214,10252,10266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10217,9568],{"class":58},[52,10219,63],{"class":62},[52,10221,9573],{"class":66},[52,10223,186],{"class":70},[52,10225,75],{"class":74},[52,10227,186],{"class":70},[52,10229,91],{"class":66},[52,10231,195],{"class":70},[52,10233,5356],{"class":74},[52,10235,186],{"class":70},[52,10237,2110],{"class":66},[52,10239,9588],{"class":66},[52,10241,186],{"class":70},[52,10243,96],{"class":74},[52,10245,186],{"class":70},[52,10247,91],{"class":66},[52,10249,483],{"class":103},[52,10251,9601],{"class":66},[52,10253,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10255,1815],{"class":58},[52,10257,63],{"class":62},[52,10259,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10261,145],{"class":66},[52,10263,9614],{"class":124},[52,10265,151],{"class":66},[52,10267,10268,10270,10272,10274],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,10269,142],{"class":141},[52,10271,145],{"class":66},[52,10273,1868],{"class":124},[52,10275,151],{"class":66},[20,10277,10278],{},[33,10279,173],{},[43,10281,10282],{"className":45,"code":9948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10283,10284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10285,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10287,183],{"class":66},[52,10289,186],{"class":70},[52,10291,75],{"class":74},[52,10293,186],{"class":70},[52,10295,80],{"class":66},[52,10297,195],{"class":70},[52,10299,5356],{"class":74},[52,10301,186],{"class":70},[52,10303,91],{"class":66},[52,10305,195],{"class":70},[52,10307,96],{"class":74},[52,10309,186],{"class":70},[52,10311,80],{"class":66},[52,10313,483],{"class":103},[52,10315,107],{"class":66},[20,10317,10318],{},"Each pair becomes:",[234,10320,10321,10324],{},[237,10322,10323],{},"the first item as the key",[237,10325,10326],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10328,10329],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[43,10331,10333],{"className":45,"code":10332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10334,10335,10370,10384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10336,10337,10339,10341,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10338,9568],{"class":58},[52,10340,63],{"class":62},[52,10342,10343],{"class":66}," ((",[52,10345,186],{"class":70},[52,10347,257],{"class":74},[52,10349,186],{"class":70},[52,10351,91],{"class":66},[52,10353,1364],{"class":103},[52,10355,2110],{"class":66},[52,10357,9588],{"class":66},[52,10359,186],{"class":70},[52,10361,345],{"class":74},[52,10363,186],{"class":70},[52,10365,91],{"class":66},[52,10367,1378],{"class":103},[52,10369,2120],{"class":66},[52,10371,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10373,1815],{"class":58},[52,10375,63],{"class":62},[52,10377,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10379,145],{"class":66},[52,10381,9614],{"class":124},[52,10383,151],{"class":66},[52,10385,10386,10388,10390,10392],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,10387,142],{"class":141},[52,10389,145],{"class":66},[52,10391,1868],{"class":124},[52,10393,151],{"class":66},[20,10395,10396],{},[33,10397,173],{},[43,10399,10400],{"className":45,"code":9862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10401,10402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10403,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10405,183],{"class":66},[52,10407,186],{"class":70},[52,10409,257],{"class":74},[52,10411,186],{"class":70},[52,10413,80],{"class":66},[52,10415,1364],{"class":103},[52,10417,91],{"class":66},[52,10419,195],{"class":70},[52,10421,345],{"class":74},[52,10423,186],{"class":70},[52,10425,80],{"class":66},[52,10427,1378],{"class":103},[52,10429,107],{"class":66},[20,10431,10432,10433,121],{},"Each item must contain ",[33,10434,10435],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10437,3186],{},[43,10439,10441],{"className":45,"code":10440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10442,10443,10482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10444,10445,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10446,10447],{"class":58},"bad_data ",[52,10449,63],{"class":62},[52,10451,9573],{"class":66},[52,10453,186],{"class":70},[52,10455,257],{"class":74},[52,10457,186],{"class":70},[52,10459,91],{"class":66},[52,10461,1364],{"class":103},[52,10463,91],{"class":66},[52,10465,967],{"class":103},[52,10467,2110],{"class":66},[52,10469,9588],{"class":66},[52,10471,186],{"class":70},[52,10473,345],{"class":74},[52,10475,186],{"class":70},[52,10477,91],{"class":66},[52,10479,1378],{"class":103},[52,10481,9601],{"class":66},[52,10483,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10495],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10485,2577],{"class":58},[52,10487,63],{"class":62},[52,10489,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10491,145],{"class":66},[52,10493,10494],{"class":124},"bad_data",[52,10496,151],{"class":66},[20,10498,10499,10500,10503],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10501,10502],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10505,10506],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[43,10508,10510],{"className":45,"code":10509,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10511,10512,10560,10574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10513,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10515,9568],{"class":58},[52,10517,63],{"class":62},[52,10519,9573],{"class":66},[52,10521,186],{"class":70},[52,10523,257],{"class":74},[52,10525,186],{"class":70},[52,10527,91],{"class":66},[52,10529,1364],{"class":103},[52,10531,2110],{"class":66},[52,10533,9588],{"class":66},[52,10535,186],{"class":70},[52,10537,257],{"class":74},[52,10539,186],{"class":70},[52,10541,91],{"class":66},[52,10543,1499],{"class":103},[52,10545,2110],{"class":66},[52,10547,9588],{"class":66},[52,10549,186],{"class":70},[52,10551,345],{"class":74},[52,10553,186],{"class":70},[52,10555,91],{"class":66},[52,10557,1378],{"class":103},[52,10559,9601],{"class":66},[52,10561,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10563,1815],{"class":58},[52,10565,63],{"class":62},[52,10567,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10569,145],{"class":66},[52,10571,9614],{"class":124},[52,10573,151],{"class":66},[52,10575,10576,10578,10580,10582],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,10577,142],{"class":141},[52,10579,145],{"class":66},[52,10581,1868],{"class":124},[52,10583,151],{"class":66},[20,10585,10586],{},[33,10587,173],{},[43,10589,10591],{"className":45,"code":10590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10592,10593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10594,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10596,183],{"class":66},[52,10598,186],{"class":70},[52,10600,257],{"class":74},[52,10602,186],{"class":70},[52,10604,80],{"class":66},[52,10606,1499],{"class":103},[52,10608,91],{"class":66},[52,10610,195],{"class":70},[52,10612,345],{"class":74},[52,10614,186],{"class":70},[52,10616,80],{"class":66},[52,10618,1378],{"class":103},[52,10620,107],{"class":66},[38,10622,10624],{"id":10623},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10626,10627],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[43,10629,10630],{"className":45,"code":9899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10631,10632,10662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10633,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10635,1815],{"class":58},[52,10637,63],{"class":62},[52,10639,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10641,145],{"class":66},[52,10643,75],{"class":9529},[52,10645,63],{"class":62},[52,10647,186],{"class":70},[52,10649,5356],{"class":74},[52,10651,186],{"class":70},[52,10653,91],{"class":66},[52,10655,9542],{"class":9529},[52,10657,63],{"class":62},[52,10659,9547],{"class":103},[52,10661,151],{"class":66},[52,10663,10664,10666,10668,10670],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10665,142],{"class":141},[52,10667,145],{"class":66},[52,10669,1868],{"class":124},[52,10671,151],{"class":66},[20,10673,10674],{},[33,10675,173],{},[43,10677,10678],{"className":45,"code":9948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10679,10680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10681,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10683,183],{"class":66},[52,10685,186],{"class":70},[52,10687,75],{"class":74},[52,10689,186],{"class":70},[52,10691,80],{"class":66},[52,10693,195],{"class":70},[52,10695,5356],{"class":74},[52,10697,186],{"class":70},[52,10699,91],{"class":66},[52,10701,195],{"class":70},[52,10703,96],{"class":74},[52,10705,186],{"class":70},[52,10707,80],{"class":66},[52,10709,483],{"class":103},[52,10711,107],{"class":66},[20,10713,10714],{},"In this form:",[234,10716,10717,10725],{},[237,10718,10719,10721,10722],{},[15,10720,75],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10723,10724],{},"'name'",[237,10726,10727,10721,10729],{},[15,10728,96],{},[15,10730,10731],{},"'age'",[20,10733,10734],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10736,10737],{},"Valid examples:",[43,10739,10741],{"className":45,"code":10740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10742,10743,10781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10744,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10756,10758,10760,10763,10765,10767,10770,10772,10774,10777,10779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10746,1815],{"class":58},[52,10748,63],{"class":62},[52,10750,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10752,145],{"class":66},[52,10754,10755],{"class":9529},"city",[52,10757,63],{"class":62},[52,10759,186],{"class":70},[52,10761,10762],{"class":74},"Paris",[52,10764,186],{"class":70},[52,10766,91],{"class":66},[52,10768,10769],{"class":9529}," country",[52,10771,63],{"class":62},[52,10773,186],{"class":70},[52,10775,10776],{"class":74},"France",[52,10778,186],{"class":70},[52,10780,151],{"class":66},[52,10782,10783,10785,10787,10789],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10784,142],{"class":141},[52,10786,145],{"class":66},[52,10788,1868],{"class":124},[52,10790,151],{"class":66},[20,10792,10793],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[234,10795,10796,10799,10802],{},[237,10797,10798],{},"spaces",[237,10800,10801],{},"hyphens",[237,10803,10804],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10806,10807,10808,10811],{},"For example, this is ",[33,10809,10810],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[43,10813,10815],{"className":45,"code":10814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10816,10817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10818,10819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10820,10814],{"class":4017},[20,10822,10823],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[43,10825,10827],{"className":45,"code":10826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10828,10829,10871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10830,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10832,1815],{"class":58},[52,10834,63],{"class":62},[52,10836,67],{"class":66},[52,10838,186],{"class":70},[52,10840,10841],{"class":74},"first-name",[52,10843,186],{"class":70},[52,10845,80],{"class":66},[52,10847,195],{"class":70},[52,10849,8030],{"class":74},[52,10851,186],{"class":70},[52,10853,91],{"class":66},[52,10855,195],{"class":70},[52,10857,10858],{"class":74},"first name",[52,10860,186],{"class":70},[52,10862,80],{"class":66},[52,10864,195],{"class":70},[52,10866,8030],{"class":74},[52,10868,186],{"class":70},[52,10870,107],{"class":66},[52,10872,10873,10875,10877,10879],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,10874,142],{"class":141},[52,10876,145],{"class":66},[52,10878,1868],{"class":124},[52,10880,151],{"class":66},[20,10882,10883],{},[33,10884,173],{},[43,10886,10888],{"className":45,"code":10887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10889,10890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10891,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10893,183],{"class":66},[52,10895,186],{"class":70},[52,10897,10841],{"class":74},[52,10899,186],{"class":70},[52,10901,80],{"class":66},[52,10903,195],{"class":70},[52,10905,8030],{"class":74},[52,10907,186],{"class":70},[52,10909,91],{"class":66},[52,10911,195],{"class":70},[52,10913,10858],{"class":74},[52,10915,186],{"class":70},[52,10917,80],{"class":66},[52,10919,195],{"class":70},[52,10921,8030],{"class":74},[52,10923,186],{"class":70},[52,10925,107],{"class":66},[38,10927,10929,10931,10932],{"id":10928},"dict-vs",[15,10930,9475],{}," vs ",[15,10933,4147],{},[20,10935,10936,10937,2218,10939,10941],{},"Both ",[15,10938,9475],{},[15,10940,4147],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1335,10943,222,10945,1070],{"id":10944},"use-when",[15,10946,4147],{},[234,10948,10949,10952],{},[237,10950,10951],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[237,10953,10954],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[43,10956,10957],{"className":45,"code":10175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10958,10959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10960,10961,10963,10965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10962,1815],{"class":58},[52,10964,63],{"class":62},[52,10966,10186],{"class":66},[1335,10968,222,10970,1070],{"id":10969},"use-dict-when",[15,10971,9475],{},[234,10973,10974,10977,10980],{},[237,10975,10976],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[237,10978,10979],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[237,10981,10982],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[43,10984,10986],{"className":45,"code":10985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10987,10988,11025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10989,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10991,1815],{"class":58},[52,10993,63],{"class":62},[52,10995,9524],{"class":3251},[52,10997,10005],{"class":66},[52,10999,186],{"class":70},[52,11001,257],{"class":74},[52,11003,186],{"class":70},[52,11005,91],{"class":66},[52,11007,1364],{"class":103},[52,11009,2110],{"class":66},[52,11011,9588],{"class":66},[52,11013,186],{"class":70},[52,11015,345],{"class":74},[52,11017,186],{"class":70},[52,11019,91],{"class":66},[52,11021,1378],{"class":103},[52,11023,11024],{"class":66},")])\n",[52,11026,11027,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11028,11029],{"class":58},"info ",[52,11031,63],{"class":62},[52,11033,9524],{"class":3251},[52,11035,145],{"class":66},[52,11037,75],{"class":9529},[52,11039,63],{"class":62},[52,11041,186],{"class":70},[52,11043,5356],{"class":74},[52,11045,186],{"class":70},[52,11047,91],{"class":66},[52,11049,9542],{"class":9529},[52,11051,63],{"class":62},[52,11053,9547],{"class":103},[52,11055,151],{"class":66},[20,11057,11058],{},"So:",[234,11060,11061,11066],{},[237,11062,11063,11065],{},[15,11064,4147],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[237,11067,11068,11070],{},[15,11069,9475],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11072,11073,11074,11078,11079,121],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[257,11075,11077],{"href":11076},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[257,11080,2260,11082,2264],{"href":11081},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,11083,11084],{},"get()",[38,11086,11088],{"id":11087},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11090,11091,11092,121],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11093,9475],{},[1335,11095,11097],{"id":11096},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11099,4880],{},[43,11101,11103],{"className":45,"code":11102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11104,11105,11129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11106,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125,11127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11108,8133],{"class":58},[52,11110,63],{"class":62},[52,11112,755],{"class":66},[52,11114,186],{"class":70},[52,11116,257],{"class":74},[52,11118,186],{"class":70},[52,11120,91],{"class":66},[52,11122,195],{"class":70},[52,11124,345],{"class":74},[52,11126,186],{"class":70},[52,11128,766],{"class":66},[52,11130,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11132,1815],{"class":58},[52,11134,63],{"class":62},[52,11136,9524],{"class":3251},[52,11138,145],{"class":66},[52,11140,8163],{"class":124},[52,11142,151],{"class":66},[20,11144,11145,11146,121],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11147,11148],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11150,11151],{},"Correct version:",[43,11153,11155],{"className":45,"code":11154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11156,11157,11191,11205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11158,11159,11161,11163,11165,11167,11169,11171,11173,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11160,8133],{"class":58},[52,11162,63],{"class":62},[52,11164,9573],{"class":66},[52,11166,186],{"class":70},[52,11168,257],{"class":74},[52,11170,186],{"class":70},[52,11172,91],{"class":66},[52,11174,1364],{"class":103},[52,11176,2110],{"class":66},[52,11178,9588],{"class":66},[52,11180,186],{"class":70},[52,11182,345],{"class":74},[52,11184,186],{"class":70},[52,11186,91],{"class":66},[52,11188,1378],{"class":103},[52,11190,9601],{"class":66},[52,11192,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11194,1815],{"class":58},[52,11196,63],{"class":62},[52,11198,9524],{"class":3251},[52,11200,145],{"class":66},[52,11202,8163],{"class":124},[52,11204,151],{"class":66},[52,11206,11207,11209,11211,11213],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11208,142],{"class":141},[52,11210,145],{"class":66},[52,11212,1868],{"class":124},[52,11214,151],{"class":66},[1335,11216,11218],{"id":11217},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11220,11221],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[43,11223,11225],{"className":45,"code":11224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11226,11227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11228,11229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11230,11224],{"class":4017},[20,11232,11233,11234,80],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11235,63],{},[43,11237,11239],{"className":45,"code":11238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11240,11241,11263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11242,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11244,1815],{"class":58},[52,11246,63],{"class":62},[52,11248,9524],{"class":3251},[52,11250,145],{"class":66},[52,11252,75],{"class":9529},[52,11254,63],{"class":62},[52,11256,186],{"class":70},[52,11258,5356],{"class":74},[52,11260,186],{"class":70},[52,11262,151],{"class":66},[52,11264,11265,11267,11269,11271],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11266,142],{"class":141},[52,11268,145],{"class":66},[52,11270,1868],{"class":124},[52,11272,151],{"class":66},[1335,11274,11276],{"id":11275},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11278,11279],{},"This will not work:",[43,11281,11282],{"className":45,"code":10814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11283,11284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11285,11286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11287,10814],{"class":4017},[20,11289,11290],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[43,11292,11294],{"className":45,"code":11293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11295,11296,11320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11297,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11299,1815],{"class":58},[52,11301,63],{"class":62},[52,11303,67],{"class":66},[52,11305,186],{"class":70},[52,11307,10841],{"class":74},[52,11309,186],{"class":70},[52,11311,80],{"class":66},[52,11313,195],{"class":70},[52,11315,8030],{"class":74},[52,11317,186],{"class":70},[52,11319,107],{"class":66},[52,11321,11322,11324,11326,11328],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11323,142],{"class":141},[52,11325,145],{"class":66},[52,11327,1868],{"class":124},[52,11329,151],{"class":66},[1335,11331,11333],{"id":11332},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11335,11336],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[43,11338,11340],{"className":45,"code":11339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11341,11342,11378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11343,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364,11366,11368,11370,11372,11374,11376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11345,1815],{"class":58},[52,11347,63],{"class":62},[52,11349,9524],{"class":3251},[52,11351,10005],{"class":66},[52,11353,186],{"class":70},[52,11355,1357],{"class":74},[52,11357,186],{"class":70},[52,11359,91],{"class":66},[52,11361,1364],{"class":103},[52,11363,2110],{"class":66},[52,11365,9588],{"class":66},[52,11367,186],{"class":70},[52,11369,1357],{"class":74},[52,11371,186],{"class":70},[52,11373,91],{"class":66},[52,11375,1378],{"class":103},[52,11377,11024],{"class":66},[52,11379,11380,11382,11384,11386],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11381,142],{"class":141},[52,11383,145],{"class":66},[52,11385,1868],{"class":124},[52,11387,151],{"class":66},[20,11389,11390],{},[33,11391,173],{},[43,11393,11395],{"className":45,"code":11394,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11396,11397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11398,11399,11401,11403,11405,11407,11409,11411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11400,183],{"class":66},[52,11402,186],{"class":70},[52,11404,1357],{"class":74},[52,11406,186],{"class":70},[52,11408,80],{"class":66},[52,11410,1378],{"class":103},[52,11412,107],{"class":66},[20,11414,11415,11416,121],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[257,11417,11419],{"href":11418},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[38,11421,2022],{"id":2021},[20,11423,11424,11425,11427],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11426,9475],{}," include:",[234,11429,11430,11439,11445,11448],{},[237,11431,11432,11433,2034,11436],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11434,11435],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11437,11438],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[237,11440,11441,11442],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11443,11444],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[237,11446,11447],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[237,11449,11450,11451,11453],{},"confusing ",[15,11452,9475],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11455,11456],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,11458,11460],{"className":45,"code":11459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11461,11462,11476,11486,11497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11463,11464,11466,11468,11470,11472,11474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11465,142],{"class":141},[52,11467,145],{"class":66},[52,11469,3573],{"class":3251},[52,11471,145],{"class":66},[52,11473,1868],{"class":124},[52,11475,2120],{"class":66},[52,11477,11478,11480,11482,11484],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11479,142],{"class":141},[52,11481,145],{"class":66},[52,11483,1868],{"class":124},[52,11485,151],{"class":66},[52,11487,11488,11490,11492,11495],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11489,142],{"class":141},[52,11491,145],{"class":66},[52,11493,11494],{"class":124},"list_of_pairs",[52,11496,151],{"class":66},[52,11498,11499,11501,11503,11506,11508,11510],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,11500,142],{"class":141},[52,11502,145],{"class":66},[52,11504,11505],{"class":141},"len",[52,11507,145],{"class":66},[52,11509,11494],{"class":124},[52,11511,2120],{"class":66},[20,11513,11514],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[234,11516,11517,11520,11523],{},[237,11518,11519],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[237,11521,11522],{},"what data is being passed in",[237,11524,11525],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[38,11527,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,11529,2215,11531,2218,11533,2221],{"id":11530},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11532,9475],{},[15,11534,4147],{},[20,11536,11537,11539,11540,11542],{},[15,11538,4147],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11541,9475],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1335,11544,5523,11546,11548],{"id":11545},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11547,9475],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11550,11551,11552,121],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11553,11438],{},[1335,11555,5511,11557,11560],{"id":11556},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11558,11559],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11562,11563],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1335,11565,11567,11568,11570],{"id":11566},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11569,9475],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11572,11573,11574,11577],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11575,11576],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[38,11579,2240],{"id":2239},[234,11581,11582,11586,11590,11595,11601],{},[237,11583,11584],{},[257,11585,2247],{"href":9739},[237,11587,11588],{},[257,11589,260],{"href":9510},[237,11591,11592],{},[257,11593,11594],{"href":11076},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[237,11596,11597],{},[257,11598,2260,11599,2264],{"href":11081},[15,11600,11084],{},[237,11602,11603],{},[257,11604,11605],{"href":11418},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2278,11607,11608],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":11610},[11611,11613,11619,11620,11621,11622,11629,11635,11636,11646],{"id":9693,"depth":110,"text":11612},"What dict() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":11614},[11615,11616,11617,11618],{"id":9749,"depth":131,"text":9750},{"id":9791,"depth":131,"text":9792},{"id":9895,"depth":131,"text":9896},{"id":9985,"depth":131,"text":9986},{"id":10098,"depth":110,"text":9750},{"id":10202,"depth":110,"text":10203},{"id":10623,"depth":110,"text":10624},{"id":10928,"depth":110,"text":11623,"children":11624},"dict() vs {}",[11625,11627],{"id":10944,"depth":131,"text":11626},"Use {} when:",{"id":10969,"depth":131,"text":11628},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11087,"depth":110,"text":11088,"children":11630},[11631,11632,11633,11634],{"id":11096,"depth":131,"text":11097},{"id":11217,"depth":131,"text":11218},{"id":11275,"depth":131,"text":11276},{"id":11332,"depth":131,"text":11333},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":11637},[11638,11640,11642,11644],{"id":11530,"depth":131,"text":11639},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11545,"depth":131,"text":11641},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11556,"depth":131,"text":11643},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11566,"depth":131,"text":11645},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9467,"description":11647},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11654,"title":11655,"body":11656,"description":13145,"extension":2310,"meta":13146,"navigation":134,"path":1311,"seo":13147,"stem":13148,"__hash__":13149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11657,"toc":13114},[11658,11663,11668,11675,11677,11738,11743,11748,11753,11771,11774,11778,11780,11796,11799,11811,11813,11816,11946,11948,12015,12018,12034,12040,12046,12049,12130,12132,12146,12150,12156,12221,12223,12231,12234,12257,12263,12326,12332,12335,12349,12362,12366,12377,12382,12393,12400,12404,12410,12527,12529,12555,12558,12575,12578,12689,12691,12740,12742,12755,12763,12768,12773,12784,12786,12887,12910,12912,12916,12935,12938,12995,12998,13024,13026,13032,13035,13041,13045,13052,13060,13066,13069,13071,13111],[10,11659,13,11661,18],{"id":11660},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11662,2271],{},[20,11664,11665,11667],{},[15,11666,1314],{}," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11669,11670,11671,11674],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[33,11672,11673],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[38,11676,41],{"id":40},[43,11678,11680],{"className":45,"code":11679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11681,11682,11714,11725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11683,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11685,1815],{"class":58},[52,11687,63],{"class":62},[52,11689,67],{"class":66},[52,11691,71],{"class":70},[52,11693,257],{"class":74},[52,11695,71],{"class":70},[52,11697,80],{"class":66},[52,11699,1364],{"class":103},[52,11701,91],{"class":66},[52,11703,83],{"class":70},[52,11705,345],{"class":74},[52,11707,71],{"class":70},[52,11709,80],{"class":66},[52,11711,1378],{"class":103},[52,11713,107],{"class":66},[52,11715,11716,11718,11720,11723],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11717,1868],{"class":58},[52,11719,121],{"class":66},[52,11721,11722],{"class":124},"clear",[52,11724,128],{"class":66},[52,11726,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11728,142],{"class":141},[52,11730,145],{"class":66},[52,11732,1868],{"class":124},[52,11734,4014],{"class":66},[52,11736,11737],{"class":4017},"  # {}\n",[20,11739,11740,11742],{},[15,11741,2271],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[38,11744,4031,11746,4034],{"id":11745},"what-clear-does",[15,11747,2271],{},[20,11749,2327,11750,11752],{},[15,11751,2271],{}," method:",[234,11754,11755,11758,11761,11766],{},[237,11756,11757],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[237,11759,11760],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[237,11762,11763,11764],{},"Returns ",[15,11765,4133],{},[237,11767,11768,11769],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11770,4147],{},[20,11772,11773],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11775,9507,11776,121],{},[257,11777,260],{"href":9510},[38,11779,269],{"id":268},[43,11781,11783],{"className":45,"code":11782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11784,11785],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11786,11787,11790,11792,11794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11788,11789],{"class":58},"my_dict",[52,11791,121],{"class":66},[52,11793,11722],{"class":124},[52,11795,128],{"class":66},[20,11797,11798],{},"Important points:",[234,11800,11801,11805,11808],{},[237,11802,11803,300],{},[15,11804,2271],{},[237,11806,11807],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[237,11809,11810],{},"It empties that dictionary",[38,11812,438],{"id":437},[20,11814,11815],{},"Here is a basic example:",[43,11817,11819],{"className":45,"code":11818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11820,11821,11830,11849,11863,11880,11884,11888,11908,11912,11923,11927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11822,11823,11826,11828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11824,11825],{"class":58},"user ",[52,11827,63],{"class":62},[52,11829,721],{"class":66},[52,11831,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11845,11847],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,11833,726],{"class":70},[52,11835,75],{"class":74},[52,11837,71],{"class":70},[52,11839,80],{"class":66},[52,11841,83],{"class":70},[52,11843,11844],{"class":74},"Maya",[52,11846,71],{"class":70},[52,11848,741],{"class":66},[52,11850,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11852,726],{"class":70},[52,11854,96],{"class":74},[52,11856,71],{"class":70},[52,11858,80],{"class":66},[52,11860,483],{"class":103},[52,11862,741],{"class":66},[52,11864,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11878],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,11866,726],{"class":70},[52,11868,10755],{"class":74},[52,11870,71],{"class":70},[52,11872,80],{"class":66},[52,11874,83],{"class":70},[52,11876,11877],{"class":74},"Berlin",[52,11879,3710],{"class":70},[52,11881,11882],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,11883,107],{"class":66},[52,11885,11886],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,11887,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,11889,11890,11892,11894,11896,11899,11901,11903,11906],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,11891,142],{"class":141},[52,11893,145],{"class":66},[52,11895,71],{"class":70},[52,11897,11898],{"class":74},"Before:",[52,11900,71],{"class":70},[52,11902,91],{"class":66},[52,11904,11905],{"class":124}," user",[52,11907,151],{"class":66},[52,11909,11910],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,11911,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,11913,11914,11917,11919,11921],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,11915,11916],{"class":58},"user",[52,11918,121],{"class":66},[52,11920,11722],{"class":124},[52,11922,128],{"class":66},[52,11924,11925],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,11926,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,11928,11929,11931,11933,11935,11938,11940,11942,11944],{"class":54,"line":845},[52,11930,142],{"class":141},[52,11932,145],{"class":66},[52,11934,71],{"class":70},[52,11936,11937],{"class":74},"After:",[52,11939,71],{"class":70},[52,11941,91],{"class":66},[52,11943,11905],{"class":124},[52,11945,151],{"class":66},[20,11947,5913],{},[43,11949,11951],{"className":45,"code":11950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11952,11953,12006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11954,11955,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11956,11957],{"class":58},"Before",[52,11959,80],{"class":66},[52,11961,67],{"class":66},[52,11963,186],{"class":70},[52,11965,75],{"class":74},[52,11967,186],{"class":70},[52,11969,80],{"class":66},[52,11971,195],{"class":70},[52,11973,11844],{"class":74},[52,11975,186],{"class":70},[52,11977,91],{"class":66},[52,11979,195],{"class":70},[52,11981,96],{"class":74},[52,11983,186],{"class":70},[52,11985,80],{"class":66},[52,11987,483],{"class":103},[52,11989,91],{"class":66},[52,11991,195],{"class":70},[52,11993,10755],{"class":74},[52,11995,186],{"class":70},[52,11997,80],{"class":66},[52,11999,195],{"class":70},[52,12001,11877],{"class":74},[52,12003,186],{"class":70},[52,12005,107],{"class":66},[52,12007,12008,12011,12013],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12009,12010],{"class":58},"After",[52,12012,80],{"class":66},[52,12014,10186],{"class":66},[20,12016,12017],{},"What happens here:",[234,12019,12020,12025,12031],{},[237,12021,12022,12024],{},[15,12023,11916],{}," starts with three items",[237,12026,12027,12030],{},[15,12028,12029],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[237,12032,12033],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[38,12035,4031,12037,12039],{"id":12036},"what-clear-returns",[15,12038,2271],{}," returns",[20,12041,12042,2746,12044,121],{},[15,12043,2271],{},[15,12045,4133],{},[20,12047,12048],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,12050,12052],{"className":45,"code":12051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12053,12054,12087,12091,12106,12110,12120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12055,12056,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12057,12058],{"class":58},"my_dict ",[52,12060,63],{"class":62},[52,12062,67],{"class":66},[52,12064,71],{"class":70},[52,12066,1357],{"class":74},[52,12068,71],{"class":70},[52,12070,80],{"class":66},[52,12072,1364],{"class":103},[52,12074,91],{"class":66},[52,12076,83],{"class":70},[52,12078,1371],{"class":74},[52,12080,71],{"class":70},[52,12082,80],{"class":66},[52,12084,1378],{"class":103},[52,12086,107],{"class":66},[52,12088,12089],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12090,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12092,12093,12095,12097,12100,12102,12104],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12094,2577],{"class":58},[52,12096,63],{"class":62},[52,12098,12099],{"class":58}," my_dict",[52,12101,121],{"class":66},[52,12103,11722],{"class":124},[52,12105,128],{"class":66},[52,12107,12108],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12109,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12111,12112,12114,12116,12118],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,12113,142],{"class":141},[52,12115,145],{"class":66},[52,12117,2612],{"class":124},[52,12119,151],{"class":66},[52,12121,12122,12124,12126,12128],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,12123,142],{"class":141},[52,12125,145],{"class":66},[52,12127,11789],{"class":124},[52,12129,151],{"class":66},[20,12131,173],{},[43,12133,12135],{"className":45,"code":12134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{}\n",[15,12136,12137,12142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12138,12139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12140,12141],{"class":218},"None\n",[52,12143,12144],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12145,9782],{"class":66},[1335,12147,12149],{"id":12148},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12151,12152,12153,12155],{},"Do ",[33,12154,1332],{}," do this:",[43,12157,12159],{"className":45,"code":12158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12160,12161,12193,12207,12211],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12162,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181,12183,12185,12187,12189,12191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12164,12058],{"class":58},[52,12166,63],{"class":62},[52,12168,67],{"class":66},[52,12170,71],{"class":70},[52,12172,1357],{"class":74},[52,12174,71],{"class":70},[52,12176,80],{"class":66},[52,12178,1364],{"class":103},[52,12180,91],{"class":66},[52,12182,83],{"class":70},[52,12184,1371],{"class":74},[52,12186,71],{"class":70},[52,12188,80],{"class":66},[52,12190,1378],{"class":103},[52,12192,107],{"class":66},[52,12194,12195,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12196,12058],{"class":58},[52,12198,63],{"class":62},[52,12200,12099],{"class":58},[52,12202,121],{"class":66},[52,12204,11722],{"class":124},[52,12206,128],{"class":66},[52,12208,12209],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12210,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12212,12213,12215,12217,12219],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12214,142],{"class":141},[52,12216,145],{"class":66},[52,12218,11789],{"class":124},[52,12220,151],{"class":66},[20,12222,173],{},[43,12224,12225],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12226,12227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12228,12229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12230,12141],{"class":218},[20,12232,12233],{},"Why this happens:",[234,12235,12236,12242,12247],{},[237,12237,12238,12241],{},[15,12239,12240],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[237,12243,12244,12245],{},"The method returns ",[15,12246,4133],{},[237,12248,12249,12250,12253,12254,12256],{},"Then ",[15,12251,12252],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12255,4133],{}," in the variable",[20,12258,12259,12260,12262],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12261,2271],{}," by itself:",[43,12264,12266],{"className":45,"code":12265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12267,12268,12300,12310,12314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12269,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12271,12058],{"class":58},[52,12273,63],{"class":62},[52,12275,67],{"class":66},[52,12277,71],{"class":70},[52,12279,1357],{"class":74},[52,12281,71],{"class":70},[52,12283,80],{"class":66},[52,12285,1364],{"class":103},[52,12287,91],{"class":66},[52,12289,83],{"class":70},[52,12291,1371],{"class":74},[52,12293,71],{"class":70},[52,12295,80],{"class":66},[52,12297,1378],{"class":103},[52,12299,107],{"class":66},[52,12301,12302,12304,12306,12308],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12303,11789],{"class":58},[52,12305,121],{"class":66},[52,12307,11722],{"class":124},[52,12309,128],{"class":66},[52,12311,12312],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12313,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12315,12316,12318,12320,12322,12324],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12317,142],{"class":141},[52,12319,145],{"class":66},[52,12321,11789],{"class":124},[52,12323,4014],{"class":66},[52,12325,11737],{"class":4017},[38,12327,12329,12331],{"id":12328},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12330,2271],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12333,12334],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[43,12336,12337],{"className":45,"code":11782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12338,12339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12340,12341,12343,12345,12347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12342,11789],{"class":58},[52,12344,121],{"class":66},[52,12346,11722],{"class":124},[52,12348,128],{"class":66},[43,12350,12352],{"className":45,"code":12351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12353,12354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12355,12356,12358,12360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12357,12058],{"class":58},[52,12359,63],{"class":62},[52,12361,10186],{"class":66},[1335,12363,12364],{"id":11722},[15,12365,2271],{},[234,12367,12368,12371,12374],{},[237,12369,12370],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[237,12372,12373],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[237,12375,12376],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1335,12378,12379],{"id":11789},[15,12380,12381],{},"my_dict = {}",[234,12383,12384,12387,12390],{},[237,12385,12386],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[237,12388,12389],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[237,12391,12392],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12394,12395,12396,121],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[257,12397,12399],{"href":12398},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[38,12401,12403],{"id":12402},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12405,12406,12407,12409],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12408,2271],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[43,12411,12413],{"className":45,"code":12412,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12414,12415,12447,12456,12460,12470,12474,12493,12513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12416,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12418,1348],{"class":58},[52,12420,63],{"class":62},[52,12422,67],{"class":66},[52,12424,71],{"class":70},[52,12426,257],{"class":74},[52,12428,71],{"class":70},[52,12430,80],{"class":66},[52,12432,1364],{"class":103},[52,12434,91],{"class":66},[52,12436,83],{"class":70},[52,12438,345],{"class":74},[52,12440,71],{"class":70},[52,12442,80],{"class":66},[52,12444,1378],{"class":103},[52,12446,107],{"class":66},[52,12448,12449,12452,12454],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12450,12451],{"class":58},"other_ref ",[52,12453,63],{"class":62},[52,12455,1390],{"class":58},[52,12457,12458],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12461,12462,12464,12466,12468],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12463,2068],{"class":58},[52,12465,121],{"class":66},[52,12467,11722],{"class":124},[52,12469,128],{"class":66},[52,12471,12472],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,12473,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12475,12476,12478,12480,12482,12485,12487,12489,12491],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,12477,142],{"class":141},[52,12479,145],{"class":66},[52,12481,71],{"class":70},[52,12483,12484],{"class":74},"original:",[52,12486,71],{"class":70},[52,12488,91],{"class":66},[52,12490,1435],{"class":124},[52,12492,151],{"class":66},[52,12494,12495,12497,12499,12501,12504,12506,12508,12511],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,12496,142],{"class":141},[52,12498,145],{"class":66},[52,12500,71],{"class":70},[52,12502,12503],{"class":74},"other_ref:",[52,12505,71],{"class":70},[52,12507,91],{"class":66},[52,12509,12510],{"class":124}," other_ref",[52,12512,151],{"class":66},[52,12514,12515,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,12516,142],{"class":141},[52,12518,145],{"class":66},[52,12520,1348],{"class":124},[52,12522,164],{"class":163},[52,12524,12510],{"class":124},[52,12526,151],{"class":66},[20,12528,173],{},[43,12530,12532],{"className":45,"code":12531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12533,12534,12542,12551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12535,12536,12538,12540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12537,2068],{"class":58},[52,12539,80],{"class":66},[52,12541,10186],{"class":66},[52,12543,12544,12547,12549],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12545,12546],{"class":58},"other_ref",[52,12548,80],{"class":66},[52,12550,10186],{"class":66},[52,12552,12553],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12554,1025],{"class":218},[20,12556,12557],{},"This shows:",[234,12559,12560,12567,12572],{},[237,12561,12562,2218,12564,12566],{},[15,12563,2068],{},[15,12565,12546],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[237,12568,12569,12571],{},[15,12570,2271],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[237,12573,12574],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12576,12577],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[43,12579,12581],{"className":45,"code":12580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12582,12583,12615,12623,12627,12635,12639,12657,12675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12584,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607,12609,12611,12613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12586,1348],{"class":58},[52,12588,63],{"class":62},[52,12590,67],{"class":66},[52,12592,71],{"class":70},[52,12594,257],{"class":74},[52,12596,71],{"class":70},[52,12598,80],{"class":66},[52,12600,1364],{"class":103},[52,12602,91],{"class":66},[52,12604,83],{"class":70},[52,12606,345],{"class":74},[52,12608,71],{"class":70},[52,12610,80],{"class":66},[52,12612,1378],{"class":103},[52,12614,107],{"class":66},[52,12616,12617,12619,12621],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12618,12451],{"class":58},[52,12620,63],{"class":62},[52,12622,1390],{"class":58},[52,12624,12625],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12626,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12628,12629,12631,12633],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12630,1348],{"class":58},[52,12632,63],{"class":62},[52,12634,10186],{"class":66},[52,12636,12637],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,12638,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12640,12641,12643,12645,12647,12649,12651,12653,12655],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,12642,142],{"class":141},[52,12644,145],{"class":66},[52,12646,71],{"class":70},[52,12648,12484],{"class":74},[52,12650,71],{"class":70},[52,12652,91],{"class":66},[52,12654,1435],{"class":124},[52,12656,151],{"class":66},[52,12658,12659,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,12660,142],{"class":141},[52,12662,145],{"class":66},[52,12664,71],{"class":70},[52,12666,12503],{"class":74},[52,12668,71],{"class":70},[52,12670,91],{"class":66},[52,12672,12510],{"class":124},[52,12674,151],{"class":66},[52,12676,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685,12687],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,12678,142],{"class":141},[52,12680,145],{"class":66},[52,12682,1348],{"class":124},[52,12684,164],{"class":163},[52,12686,12510],{"class":124},[52,12688,151],{"class":66},[20,12690,173],{},[43,12692,12694],{"className":45,"code":12693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12695,12696,12704,12736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12697,12698,12700,12702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12699,2068],{"class":58},[52,12701,80],{"class":66},[52,12703,10186],{"class":66},[52,12705,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730,12732,12734],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12707,12546],{"class":58},[52,12709,80],{"class":66},[52,12711,67],{"class":66},[52,12713,186],{"class":70},[52,12715,257],{"class":74},[52,12717,186],{"class":70},[52,12719,80],{"class":66},[52,12721,1364],{"class":103},[52,12723,91],{"class":66},[52,12725,195],{"class":70},[52,12727,345],{"class":74},[52,12729,186],{"class":70},[52,12731,80],{"class":66},[52,12733,1378],{"class":103},[52,12735,107],{"class":66},[52,12737,12738],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12739,219],{"class":218},[20,12741,2525],{},[234,12743,12744,12750],{},[237,12745,12746,12749],{},[15,12747,12748],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[237,12751,12752,12754],{},[15,12753,12546],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12756,12757,12758,121],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[257,12759,12761],{"href":12760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12762,24],{},[38,12764,1063,12766],{"id":12765},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12767,2271],{},[20,12769,12770,12772],{},[15,12771,2271],{}," is useful when you want to:",[234,12774,12775,12778,12781],{},[237,12776,12777],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[237,12779,12780],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[237,12782,12783],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12785,309],{},[43,12787,12789],{"className":45,"code":12788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12790,12791,12800,12816,12834,12847,12851,12855,12860,12871,12875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12792,12793,12796,12798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12794,12795],{"class":58},"session_data ",[52,12797,63],{"class":62},[52,12799,721],{"class":66},[52,12801,12802,12804,12807,12809,12811,12814],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12803,726],{"class":70},[52,12805,12806],{"class":74},"user_id",[52,12808,71],{"class":70},[52,12810,80],{"class":66},[52,12812,12813],{"class":103}," 101",[52,12815,741],{"class":66},[52,12817,12818,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12819,726],{"class":70},[52,12821,1105],{"class":74},[52,12823,71],{"class":70},[52,12825,80],{"class":66},[52,12827,83],{"class":70},[52,12829,1114],{"class":74},[52,12831,71],{"class":70},[52,12833,741],{"class":66},[52,12835,12836,12838,12841,12843,12845],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12837,726],{"class":70},[52,12839,12840],{"class":74},"logged_in",[52,12842,71],{"class":70},[52,12844,80],{"class":66},[52,12846,6777],{"class":218},[52,12848,12849],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,12850,107],{"class":66},[52,12852,12853],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,12854,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12856,12857],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,12858,12859],{"class":4017},"# Reset for a new session\n",[52,12861,12862,12865,12867,12869],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,12863,12864],{"class":58},"session_data",[52,12866,121],{"class":66},[52,12868,11722],{"class":124},[52,12870,128],{"class":66},[52,12872,12873],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,12874,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,12876,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,12878,142],{"class":141},[52,12880,145],{"class":66},[52,12882,12864],{"class":124},[52,12884,4014],{"class":66},[52,12886,11737],{"class":4017},[20,12888,12889,12890,12896,12897,121,12901,12903,12904,121],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[257,12891,12893],{"href":12892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12894,12895],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[257,12898,12900],{"href":12899},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10194,12902],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[257,12905,12907],{"href":12906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12908,12909],{},"dict.popitem()",[38,12911,2022],{"id":2021},[20,12913,11091,12914,80],{},[15,12915,2271],{},[234,12917,12918,12924,12929,12932],{},[237,12919,12920,12921,12923],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12922,2271],{}," to a variable",[237,12925,8807,12926,12928],{},[15,12927,2271],{}," to return a new dictionary",[237,12930,12931],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[237,12933,12934],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12936,12937],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[43,12939,12941],{"className":45,"code":12940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12942,12943,12953,12967,12981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12944,12945,12947,12949,12951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12946,142],{"class":141},[52,12948,145],{"class":66},[52,12950,11789],{"class":124},[52,12952,151],{"class":66},[52,12954,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,12956,142],{"class":141},[52,12958,145],{"class":66},[52,12960,3573],{"class":3251},[52,12962,145],{"class":66},[52,12964,11789],{"class":124},[52,12966,2120],{"class":66},[52,12968,12969,12971,12973,12975,12977,12979],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12970,142],{"class":141},[52,12972,145],{"class":66},[52,12974,2103],{"class":141},[52,12976,145],{"class":66},[52,12978,11789],{"class":124},[52,12980,2120],{"class":66},[52,12982,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12984,142],{"class":141},[52,12986,145],{"class":66},[52,12988,12451],{"class":124},[52,12990,164],{"class":163},[52,12992,12099],{"class":124},[52,12994,151],{"class":66},[20,12996,12997],{},"What these show:",[234,12999,13000,13006,13012,13018],{},[237,13001,13002,13005],{},[15,13003,13004],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[237,13007,13008,13011],{},[15,13009,13010],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[237,13013,13014,13017],{},[15,13015,13016],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[237,13019,13020,13023],{},[15,13021,13022],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[38,13025,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,13027,2195,13029,13031],{"id":13028},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13030,2271],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13033,13034],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1335,13036,5495,13038,13040],{"id":13037},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13039,1314],{}," return?",[20,13042,5501,13043,121],{},[15,13044,4133],{},[1335,13046,2215,13048,2218,13050,2221],{"id":13047},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13049,2271],{},[15,13051,4147],{},[20,13053,13054,13056,13057,13059],{},[15,13055,2271],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13058,4147],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1335,13061,2195,13063,13065],{"id":13062},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13064,2271],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13067,13068],{},"It removes the top-level items. 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Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15132,"toc":17292},[15133,15136,15142,15151,15153,15229,15233,15282,15285,15289,15303,15306,15310,15323,15326,15359,15373,15376,15388,15392,15395,15403,15483,15487,15540,15544,15562,15564,15646,15649,15651,15654,15657,15680,15704,15708,15716,15719,15723,15732,15737,15795,15799,15832,15838,15844,15847,15902,15906,15956,15959,15965,15968,15976,15978,16023,16028,16037,16040,16043,16090,16092,16097,16100,16194,16198,16251,16254,16310,16313,16317,16320,16334,16338,16404,16408,16433,16436,16440,16518,16522,16525,16528,16548,16551,16604,16608,16611,16614,16627,16629,16718,16725,16728,16739,16741,16744,16764,16768,16771,16780,16783,16822,16826,16828,16837,16846,16848,16886,16890,16937,16941,16962,16966,16969,17081,17086,17184,17206,17208,17212,17219,17223,17229,17233,17236,17240,17243,17250,17258,17260,17286,17289],[10,15134,15130],{"id":15135},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15137,15138,15139,15141],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[33,15140,9487],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15143,15144,15145,261,15147,121],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[257,15146,260],{"href":9510},[257,15148,15150],{"href":15149},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[38,15152,41],{"id":40},[43,15154,15156],{"className":45,"code":15155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15157,15158,15166,15184,15198,15211,15215,15219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15159,15160,15162,15164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15161,59],{"class":58},[52,15163,63],{"class":62},[52,15165,721],{"class":66},[52,15167,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180,15182],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15169,726],{"class":70},[52,15171,75],{"class":74},[52,15173,71],{"class":70},[52,15175,80],{"class":66},[52,15177,83],{"class":70},[52,15179,86],{"class":74},[52,15181,71],{"class":70},[52,15183,741],{"class":66},[52,15185,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15187,726],{"class":70},[52,15189,96],{"class":74},[52,15191,71],{"class":70},[52,15193,80],{"class":66},[52,15195,104],{"class":103},[52,15197,741],{"class":66},[52,15199,15200,15202,15205,15207,15209],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,15201,726],{"class":70},[52,15203,15204],{"class":74},"is_active",[52,15206,71],{"class":70},[52,15208,80],{"class":66},[52,15210,6777],{"class":218},[52,15212,15213],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,15214,107],{"class":66},[52,15216,15217],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,15218,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,15220,15221,15223,15225,15227],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,15222,142],{"class":141},[52,15224,145],{"class":66},[52,15226,887],{"class":124},[52,15228,151],{"class":66},[20,15230,15231],{},[33,15232,173],{},[43,15234,15236],{"className":45,"code":15235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15237,15238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15239,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15241,183],{"class":66},[52,15243,186],{"class":70},[52,15245,75],{"class":74},[52,15247,186],{"class":70},[52,15249,80],{"class":66},[52,15251,195],{"class":70},[52,15253,86],{"class":74},[52,15255,186],{"class":70},[52,15257,91],{"class":66},[52,15259,195],{"class":70},[52,15261,96],{"class":74},[52,15263,186],{"class":70},[52,15265,80],{"class":66},[52,15267,104],{"class":103},[52,15269,91],{"class":66},[52,15271,195],{"class":70},[52,15273,15204],{"class":74},[52,15275,186],{"class":70},[52,15277,80],{"class":66},[52,15279,4270],{"class":218},[52,15281,107],{"class":66},[20,15283,15284],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[38,15286,15288],{"id":15287},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[234,15290,15291,15294,15297,15300],{},[237,15292,15293],{},"What a dictionary is",[237,15295,15296],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[237,15298,15299],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[237,15301,15302],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[38,15304,15293],{"id":15305},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15307,9484,15308,121],{},[33,15309,9487],{},[234,15311,15312,15318],{},[237,15313,15314,15315,15317],{},"A ",[33,15316,2139],{}," is the label",[237,15319,15314,15320,15322],{},[33,15321,2823],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15324,15325],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[43,15327,15329],{"className":45,"code":15328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15330,15331,15339,15355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15332,15333,15335,15337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15334,59],{"class":58},[52,15336,63],{"class":62},[52,15338,721],{"class":66},[52,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15342,726],{"class":70},[52,15344,75],{"class":74},[52,15346,71],{"class":70},[52,15348,80],{"class":66},[52,15350,83],{"class":70},[52,15352,86],{"class":74},[52,15354,3710],{"class":70},[52,15356,15357],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15358,107],{"class":66},[234,15360,15361,15367],{},[237,15362,15363,15366],{},[15,15364,15365],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[237,15368,15369,15372],{},[15,15370,15371],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15374,15375],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[234,15377,15378,15380,15382,15385],{},[237,15379,75],{},[237,15381,96],{},[237,15383,15384],{},"email",[237,15386,15387],{},"country",[38,15389,15391],{"id":15390},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15393,15394],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15396,222,15397,15399,15400,121],{},[15,15398,4147],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15401,15402],{},"key: value",[43,15404,15406],{"className":45,"code":15405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15407,15408,15416,15434,15448,15465,15469,15473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15409,15410,15412,15414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15411,59],{"class":58},[52,15413,63],{"class":62},[52,15415,721],{"class":66},[52,15417,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15419,726],{"class":70},[52,15421,75],{"class":74},[52,15423,71],{"class":70},[52,15425,80],{"class":66},[52,15427,83],{"class":70},[52,15429,86],{"class":74},[52,15431,71],{"class":70},[52,15433,741],{"class":66},[52,15435,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15437,726],{"class":70},[52,15439,96],{"class":74},[52,15441,71],{"class":70},[52,15443,80],{"class":66},[52,15445,104],{"class":103},[52,15447,741],{"class":66},[52,15449,15450,15452,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,15451,726],{"class":70},[52,15453,15454],{"class":74},"course",[52,15456,71],{"class":70},[52,15458,80],{"class":66},[52,15460,83],{"class":70},[52,15462,7650],{"class":74},[52,15464,3710],{"class":70},[52,15466,15467],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,15468,107],{"class":66},[52,15470,15471],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,15472,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,15474,15475,15477,15479,15481],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,15476,142],{"class":141},[52,15478,145],{"class":66},[52,15480,887],{"class":124},[52,15482,151],{"class":66},[20,15484,15485],{},[33,15486,173],{},[43,15488,15490],{"className":45,"code":15489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15491,15492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15493,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15495,183],{"class":66},[52,15497,186],{"class":70},[52,15499,75],{"class":74},[52,15501,186],{"class":70},[52,15503,80],{"class":66},[52,15505,195],{"class":70},[52,15507,86],{"class":74},[52,15509,186],{"class":70},[52,15511,91],{"class":66},[52,15513,195],{"class":70},[52,15515,96],{"class":74},[52,15517,186],{"class":70},[52,15519,80],{"class":66},[52,15521,104],{"class":103},[52,15523,91],{"class":66},[52,15525,195],{"class":70},[52,15527,15454],{"class":74},[52,15529,186],{"class":70},[52,15531,80],{"class":66},[52,15533,195],{"class":70},[52,15535,7650],{"class":74},[52,15537,186],{"class":70},[52,15539,107],{"class":66},[1335,15541,15543],{"id":15542},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[234,15545,15546,15551,15556,15559],{},[237,15547,222,15548,15550],{},[15,15549,4147],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[237,15552,15553,15554],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15555,15402],{},[237,15557,15558],{},"Separate items with commas",[237,15560,15561],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15563,309],{},[43,15565,15567],{"className":45,"code":15566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15568,15569,15578,15598,15614,15627,15631,15635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15570,15571,15574,15576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15572,15573],{"class":58},"book ",[52,15575,63],{"class":62},[52,15577,721],{"class":66},[52,15579,15580,15582,15585,15587,15589,15591,15594,15596],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15581,726],{"class":70},[52,15583,15584],{"class":74},"title",[52,15586,71],{"class":70},[52,15588,80],{"class":66},[52,15590,83],{"class":70},[52,15592,15593],{"class":74},"Python Basics",[52,15595,71],{"class":70},[52,15597,741],{"class":66},[52,15599,15600,15602,15605,15607,15609,15612],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15601,726],{"class":70},[52,15603,15604],{"class":74},"pages",[52,15606,71],{"class":70},[52,15608,80],{"class":66},[52,15610,15611],{"class":103}," 150",[52,15613,741],{"class":66},[52,15615,15616,15618,15621,15623,15625],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,15617,726],{"class":70},[52,15619,15620],{"class":74},"available",[52,15622,71],{"class":70},[52,15624,80],{"class":66},[52,15626,6777],{"class":218},[52,15628,15629],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,15630,107],{"class":66},[52,15632,15633],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,15634,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,15636,15637,15639,15641,15644],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,15638,142],{"class":141},[52,15640,145],{"class":66},[52,15642,15643],{"class":124},"book",[52,15645,151],{"class":66},[20,15647,15648],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[38,15650,9750],{"id":9749},[20,15652,15653],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15655,15656],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[43,15658,15660],{"className":45,"code":15659,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15661,15662,15670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15663,15664,15666,15668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15665,1815],{"class":58},[52,15667,63],{"class":62},[52,15669,10186],{"class":66},[52,15671,15672,15674,15676,15678],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15673,142],{"class":141},[52,15675,145],{"class":66},[52,15677,1868],{"class":124},[52,15679,151],{"class":66},[43,15681,15682],{"className":45,"code":9753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15683,15684,15694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15685,15686,15688,15690,15692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15687,1815],{"class":58},[52,15689,63],{"class":62},[52,15691,9524],{"class":3251},[52,15693,128],{"class":66},[52,15695,15696,15698,15700,15702],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15697,142],{"class":141},[52,15699,145],{"class":66},[52,15701,1868],{"class":124},[52,15703,151],{"class":66},[20,15705,15706],{},[33,15707,173],{},[43,15709,15710],{"className":45,"code":9782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15711,15712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15713,15714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15715,9782],{"class":66},[20,15717,15718],{},"Both are correct.",[1335,15720,15722],{"id":15721},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15724,15725,15727,15728,15731],{},[15,15726,4147],{}," creates an empty ",[33,15729,15730],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15733,15734,15735,121],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15736,4152],{},[43,15738,15740],{"className":45,"code":15739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15741,15742,15750,15762,15766,15780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15743,15744,15746,15748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15745,12058],{"class":58},[52,15747,63],{"class":62},[52,15749,10186],{"class":66},[52,15751,15752,15755,15757,15760],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15753,15754],{"class":58},"my_set ",[52,15756,63],{"class":62},[52,15758,15759],{"class":3251}," set",[52,15761,128],{"class":66},[52,15763,15764],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15765,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,15767,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,15769,142],{"class":141},[52,15771,145],{"class":66},[52,15773,3573],{"class":3251},[52,15775,145],{"class":66},[52,15777,11789],{"class":124},[52,15779,2120],{"class":66},[52,15781,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15793],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,15783,142],{"class":141},[52,15785,145],{"class":66},[52,15787,3573],{"class":3251},[52,15789,145],{"class":66},[52,15791,15792],{"class":124},"my_set",[52,15794,2120],{"class":66},[20,15796,15797],{},[33,15798,173],{},[43,15800,15802],{"className":45,"code":15801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15803,15804,15818],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15805,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15807,3642],{"class":62},[52,15809,3645],{"class":2413},[52,15811,195],{"class":70},[52,15813,9176],{"class":74},[52,15815,186],{"class":70},[52,15817,3654],{"class":62},[52,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15821,3642],{"class":62},[52,15823,3645],{"class":2413},[52,15825,195],{"class":70},[52,15827,6641],{"class":74},[52,15829,186],{"class":70},[52,15831,3654],{"class":62},[38,15833,15835,15836],{"id":15834},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15837,9475],{},[20,15839,15840,15841,15843],{},"You can also use ",[15,15842,9475],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15845,15846],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[43,15848,15850],{"className":45,"code":15849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15851,15852,15892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15853,15854,15856,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15881,15883,15886,15888,15890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15855,59],{"class":58},[52,15857,63],{"class":62},[52,15859,9524],{"class":3251},[52,15861,145],{"class":66},[52,15863,75],{"class":9529},[52,15865,63],{"class":62},[52,15867,71],{"class":70},[52,15869,86],{"class":74},[52,15871,71],{"class":70},[52,15873,91],{"class":66},[52,15875,9542],{"class":9529},[52,15877,63],{"class":62},[52,15879,15880],{"class":103},"20",[52,15882,91],{"class":66},[52,15884,15885],{"class":9529}," active",[52,15887,63],{"class":62},[52,15889,1048],{"class":218},[52,15891,151],{"class":66},[52,15893,15894,15896,15898,15900],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,15895,142],{"class":141},[52,15897,145],{"class":66},[52,15899,887],{"class":124},[52,15901,151],{"class":66},[20,15903,15904],{},[33,15905,173],{},[43,15907,15909],{"className":45,"code":15908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15910,15911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15912,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15948,15950,15952,15954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15914,183],{"class":66},[52,15916,186],{"class":70},[52,15918,75],{"class":74},[52,15920,186],{"class":70},[52,15922,80],{"class":66},[52,15924,195],{"class":70},[52,15926,86],{"class":74},[52,15928,186],{"class":70},[52,15930,91],{"class":66},[52,15932,195],{"class":70},[52,15934,96],{"class":74},[52,15936,186],{"class":70},[52,15938,80],{"class":66},[52,15940,104],{"class":103},[52,15942,91],{"class":66},[52,15944,195],{"class":70},[52,15946,15947],{"class":74},"active",[52,15949,186],{"class":70},[52,15951,80],{"class":66},[52,15953,4270],{"class":218},[52,15955,107],{"class":66},[20,15957,15958],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1335,15960,15962,15963],{"id":15961},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15964,9475],{},[20,15966,15967],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[234,15969,15970,15973],{},[237,15971,15972],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[237,15974,15975],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15977,7040],{},[43,15979,15981],{"className":45,"code":15980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15982,15983,16013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15984,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15986,11825],{"class":58},[52,15988,63],{"class":62},[52,15990,9524],{"class":3251},[52,15992,145],{"class":66},[52,15994,75],{"class":9529},[52,15996,63],{"class":62},[52,15998,71],{"class":70},[52,16000,8030],{"class":74},[52,16002,71],{"class":70},[52,16004,91],{"class":66},[52,16006,9542],{"class":9529},[52,16008,63],{"class":62},[52,16010,9547],{"class":103},[52,16012,151],{"class":66},[52,16014,16015,16017,16019,16021],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16016,142],{"class":141},[52,16018,145],{"class":66},[52,16020,11916],{"class":124},[52,16022,151],{"class":66},[20,16024,4982,16025,16027],{},[33,16026,1332],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[43,16029,16031],{"className":45,"code":16030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16032,16033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16034,16035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16036,16030],{"class":4017},[20,16038,16039],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16041,16042],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[43,16044,16046],{"className":45,"code":16045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16047,16048,16056,16072,16076,16080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16049,16050,16052,16054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16051,11825],{"class":58},[52,16053,63],{"class":62},[52,16055,721],{"class":66},[52,16057,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16059,726],{"class":70},[52,16061,10841],{"class":74},[52,16063,71],{"class":70},[52,16065,80],{"class":66},[52,16067,83],{"class":70},[52,16069,8030],{"class":74},[52,16071,3710],{"class":70},[52,16073,16074],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16075,107],{"class":66},[52,16077,16078],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,16079,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16081,16082,16084,16086,16088],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,16083,142],{"class":141},[52,16085,145],{"class":66},[52,16087,11916],{"class":124},[52,16089,151],{"class":66},[38,16091,9792],{"id":9791},[20,16093,16094,16096],{},[15,16095,9475],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16098,16099],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[43,16101,16103],{"className":45,"code":16102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16104,16105,16162,16166,16180,16184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16106,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16158,16160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16108,9568],{"class":58},[52,16110,63],{"class":62},[52,16112,9573],{"class":66},[52,16114,71],{"class":70},[52,16116,75],{"class":74},[52,16118,71],{"class":70},[52,16120,91],{"class":66},[52,16122,83],{"class":70},[52,16124,86],{"class":74},[52,16126,71],{"class":70},[52,16128,2110],{"class":66},[52,16130,9588],{"class":66},[52,16132,71],{"class":70},[52,16134,96],{"class":74},[52,16136,71],{"class":70},[52,16138,91],{"class":66},[52,16140,104],{"class":103},[52,16142,2110],{"class":66},[52,16144,9588],{"class":66},[52,16146,71],{"class":70},[52,16148,10755],{"class":74},[52,16150,71],{"class":70},[52,16152,91],{"class":66},[52,16154,83],{"class":70},[52,16156,16157],{"class":74},"Lima",[52,16159,71],{"class":70},[52,16161,9601],{"class":66},[52,16163,16164],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16165,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16167,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176,16178],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16169,59],{"class":58},[52,16171,63],{"class":62},[52,16173,9524],{"class":3251},[52,16175,145],{"class":66},[52,16177,9614],{"class":124},[52,16179,151],{"class":66},[52,16181,16182],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,16183,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16185,16186,16188,16190,16192],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,16187,142],{"class":141},[52,16189,145],{"class":66},[52,16191,887],{"class":124},[52,16193,151],{"class":66},[20,16195,16196],{},[33,16197,173],{},[43,16199,16201],{"className":45,"code":16200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16202,16203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16204,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247,16249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16206,183],{"class":66},[52,16208,186],{"class":70},[52,16210,75],{"class":74},[52,16212,186],{"class":70},[52,16214,80],{"class":66},[52,16216,195],{"class":70},[52,16218,86],{"class":74},[52,16220,186],{"class":70},[52,16222,91],{"class":66},[52,16224,195],{"class":70},[52,16226,96],{"class":74},[52,16228,186],{"class":70},[52,16230,80],{"class":66},[52,16232,104],{"class":103},[52,16234,91],{"class":66},[52,16236,195],{"class":70},[52,16238,10755],{"class":74},[52,16240,186],{"class":70},[52,16242,80],{"class":66},[52,16244,195],{"class":70},[52,16246,16157],{"class":74},[52,16248,186],{"class":70},[52,16250,107],{"class":66},[20,16252,16253],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[43,16255,16257],{"className":45,"code":16256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16258,16259,16300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16260,16261,16263,16265,16267,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16262,59],{"class":58},[52,16264,63],{"class":62},[52,16266,9524],{"class":3251},[52,16268,16269],{"class":66},"(((",[52,16271,71],{"class":70},[52,16273,75],{"class":74},[52,16275,71],{"class":70},[52,16277,91],{"class":66},[52,16279,83],{"class":70},[52,16281,86],{"class":74},[52,16283,71],{"class":70},[52,16285,2110],{"class":66},[52,16287,9588],{"class":66},[52,16289,71],{"class":70},[52,16291,96],{"class":74},[52,16293,71],{"class":70},[52,16295,91],{"class":66},[52,16297,104],{"class":103},[52,16299,3262],{"class":66},[52,16301,16302,16304,16306,16308],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16303,142],{"class":141},[52,16305,145],{"class":66},[52,16307,887],{"class":124},[52,16309,151],{"class":66},[20,16311,16312],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[38,16314,16316],{"id":16315},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16318,16319],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[234,16321,16322,16325,16328,16331],{},[237,16323,16324],{},"Keys must be unique",[237,16326,16327],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[237,16329,16330],{},"Values can repeat",[237,16332,16333],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1335,16335,16337],{"id":16336},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[43,16339,16341],{"className":45,"code":16340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16342,16343,16351,16369,16386,16390,16394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16344,16345,16347,16349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16346,1815],{"class":58},[52,16348,63],{"class":62},[52,16350,721],{"class":66},[52,16352,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16354,726],{"class":70},[52,16356,75],{"class":74},[52,16358,71],{"class":70},[52,16360,80],{"class":66},[52,16362,83],{"class":70},[52,16364,86],{"class":74},[52,16366,71],{"class":70},[52,16368,741],{"class":66},[52,16370,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16384],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16372,726],{"class":70},[52,16374,75],{"class":74},[52,16376,71],{"class":70},[52,16378,80],{"class":66},[52,16380,83],{"class":70},[52,16382,16383],{"class":74},"Maria",[52,16385,3710],{"class":70},[52,16387,16388],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,16389,107],{"class":66},[52,16391,16392],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,16393,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16395,16396,16398,16400,16402],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,16397,142],{"class":141},[52,16399,145],{"class":66},[52,16401,1868],{"class":124},[52,16403,151],{"class":66},[20,16405,16406],{},[33,16407,173],{},[43,16409,16411],{"className":45,"code":16410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16412,16413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16414,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16416,183],{"class":66},[52,16418,186],{"class":70},[52,16420,75],{"class":74},[52,16422,186],{"class":70},[52,16424,80],{"class":66},[52,16426,195],{"class":70},[52,16428,16383],{"class":74},[52,16430,186],{"class":70},[52,16432,107],{"class":66},[20,16434,16435],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1335,16437,16439],{"id":16438},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[43,16441,16443],{"className":45,"code":16442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16444,16445,16453,16469,16485,16499,16503,16507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16446,16447,16449,16451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16448,5416],{"class":58},[52,16450,63],{"class":62},[52,16452,721],{"class":66},[52,16454,16455,16458,16460,16462,16465,16467],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16456,16457],{"class":103},"    1",[52,16459,80],{"class":66},[52,16461,83],{"class":70},[52,16463,16464],{"class":74},"low",[52,16466,71],{"class":70},[52,16468,741],{"class":66},[52,16470,16471,16474,16476,16478,16481,16483],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16472,16473],{"class":103},"    2",[52,16475,80],{"class":66},[52,16477,83],{"class":70},[52,16479,16480],{"class":74},"medium",[52,16482,71],{"class":70},[52,16484,741],{"class":66},[52,16486,16487,16490,16492,16494,16497],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,16488,16489],{"class":103},"    3",[52,16491,80],{"class":66},[52,16493,83],{"class":70},[52,16495,16496],{"class":74},"high",[52,16498,3710],{"class":70},[52,16500,16501],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,16502,107],{"class":66},[52,16504,16505],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,16506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16508,16509,16511,16513,16516],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,16510,142],{"class":141},[52,16512,145],{"class":66},[52,16514,16515],{"class":124},"scores",[52,16517,151],{"class":66},[1335,16519,16521],{"id":16520},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16523,16524],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16526,16527],{},"This will cause an error:",[43,16529,16531],{"className":45,"code":16530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16532,16533,16538,16543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16534,16535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16536,16537],{"class":4017},"# bad = {\n",[52,16539,16540],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16541,16542],{"class":4017},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[52,16544,16545],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16546,16547],{"class":4017},"# }\n",[20,16549,16550],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[43,16552,16554],{"className":45,"code":16553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16555,16556,16565,16585,16589,16593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16557,16558,16561,16563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16559,16560],{"class":58},"good ",[52,16562,63],{"class":62},[52,16564,721],{"class":66},[52,16566,16567,16570,16572,16574,16576,16579,16581,16583],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16568,16569],{"class":66},"    (",[52,16571,3339],{"class":103},[52,16573,91],{"class":66},[52,16575,1378],{"class":103},[52,16577,16578],{"class":66},"):",[52,16580,83],{"class":70},[52,16582,4001],{"class":74},[52,16584,3710],{"class":70},[52,16586,16587],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16588,107],{"class":66},[52,16590,16591],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,16592,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16594,16595,16597,16599,16602],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,16596,142],{"class":141},[52,16598,145],{"class":66},[52,16600,16601],{"class":124},"good",[52,16603,151],{"class":66},[38,16605,16607],{"id":16606},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16609,16610],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16612,16613],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[234,16615,16616,16619,16621,16624],{},[237,16617,16618],{},"user data",[237,16620,1157],{},[237,16622,16623],{},"counters",[237,16625,16626],{},"lookups",[20,16628,309],{},[43,16630,16632],{"className":45,"code":16631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16633,16634,16642,16661,16680,16692,16696,16700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16635,16636,16638,16640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16637,11825],{"class":58},[52,16639,63],{"class":62},[52,16641,721],{"class":66},[52,16643,16644,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16657,16659],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16645,726],{"class":70},[52,16647,8339],{"class":74},[52,16649,71],{"class":70},[52,16651,80],{"class":66},[52,16653,83],{"class":70},[52,16655,16656],{"class":74},"ana123",[52,16658,71],{"class":70},[52,16660,741],{"class":66},[52,16662,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16676,16678],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16664,726],{"class":70},[52,16666,15384],{"class":74},[52,16668,71],{"class":70},[52,16670,80],{"class":66},[52,16672,83],{"class":70},[52,16674,16675],{"class":74},"ana@example.com",[52,16677,71],{"class":70},[52,16679,741],{"class":66},[52,16681,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,16683,726],{"class":70},[52,16685,12840],{"class":74},[52,16687,71],{"class":70},[52,16689,80],{"class":66},[52,16691,6777],{"class":218},[52,16693,16694],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,16695,107],{"class":66},[52,16697,16698],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,16699,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,16701,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,16703,142],{"class":141},[52,16705,145],{"class":66},[52,16707,11916],{"class":124},[52,16709,513],{"class":66},[52,16711,71],{"class":70},[52,16713,15384],{"class":74},[52,16715,71],{"class":70},[52,16717,913],{"class":66},[20,16719,16720,16721,121],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[257,16722,16724],{"href":16723},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16726,16727],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[234,16729,16730,16733,16736],{},[237,16731,16732],{},"labels are not needed",[237,16734,16735],{},"you mostly care about position",[237,16737,16738],{},"order matters more than named fields",[38,16740,2022],{"id":2021},[20,16742,16743],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[234,16745,16746,16749,16752,16755,16758],{},[237,16747,16748],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[237,16750,16751],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[237,16753,16754],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[237,16756,16757],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[237,16759,16760,16761,16763],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16762,4147],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1335,16765,16767],{"id":16766},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16769,16770],{},"Wrong:",[43,16772,16774],{"className":45,"code":16773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16775,16776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16777,16778],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16779,16773],{"class":4017},[20,16781,16782],{},"Correct:",[43,16784,16786],{"className":45,"code":16785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16787,16788,16812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16789,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16791,59],{"class":58},[52,16793,63],{"class":62},[52,16795,67],{"class":66},[52,16797,71],{"class":70},[52,16799,75],{"class":74},[52,16801,71],{"class":70},[52,16803,80],{"class":66},[52,16805,83],{"class":70},[52,16807,86],{"class":74},[52,16809,71],{"class":70},[52,16811,107],{"class":66},[52,16813,16814,16816,16818,16820],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16815,142],{"class":141},[52,16817,145],{"class":66},[52,16819,887],{"class":124},[52,16821,151],{"class":66},[1335,16823,16825],{"id":16824},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16827,16770],{},[43,16829,16831],{"className":45,"code":16830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16832,16833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16834,16835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16836,16830],{"class":4017},[20,16838,16839,16840,16842,16843,16845],{},"This only works if ",[15,16841,75],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16844,15365],{},", use quotes.",[20,16847,16782],{},[43,16849,16850],{"className":45,"code":16785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,16851,16852,16876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16853,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16855,59],{"class":58},[52,16857,63],{"class":62},[52,16859,67],{"class":66},[52,16861,71],{"class":70},[52,16863,75],{"class":74},[52,16865,71],{"class":70},[52,16867,80],{"class":66},[52,16869,83],{"class":70},[52,16871,86],{"class":74},[52,16873,71],{"class":70},[52,16875,107],{"class":66},[52,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16879,142],{"class":141},[52,16881,145],{"class":66},[52,16883,887],{"class":124},[52,16885,151],{"class":66},[1335,16887,16889],{"id":16888},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[43,16891,16893],{"className":45,"code":16892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16894,16895,16927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16896,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923,16925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16898,1815],{"class":58},[52,16900,63],{"class":62},[52,16902,67],{"class":66},[52,16904,71],{"class":70},[52,16906,96],{"class":74},[52,16908,71],{"class":70},[52,16910,80],{"class":66},[52,16912,104],{"class":103},[52,16914,91],{"class":66},[52,16916,83],{"class":70},[52,16918,96],{"class":74},[52,16920,71],{"class":70},[52,16922,80],{"class":66},[52,16924,8148],{"class":103},[52,16926,107],{"class":66},[52,16928,16929,16931,16933,16935],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,16930,142],{"class":141},[52,16932,145],{"class":66},[52,16934,1868],{"class":124},[52,16936,151],{"class":66},[20,16938,16939],{},[33,16940,173],{},[43,16942,16944],{"className":45,"code":16943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16945,16946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16947,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16949,183],{"class":66},[52,16951,186],{"class":70},[52,16953,96],{"class":74},[52,16955,186],{"class":70},[52,16957,80],{"class":66},[52,16959,8148],{"class":103},[52,16961,107],{"class":66},[38,16963,16965],{"id":16964},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16967,16968],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[43,16970,16972],{"className":45,"code":16971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16973,16974,17010,17014,17024,17038,17053,17067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16975,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16977,12058],{"class":58},[52,16979,63],{"class":62},[52,16981,67],{"class":66},[52,16983,71],{"class":70},[52,16985,75],{"class":74},[52,16987,71],{"class":70},[52,16989,80],{"class":66},[52,16991,83],{"class":70},[52,16993,86],{"class":74},[52,16995,71],{"class":70},[52,16997,91],{"class":66},[52,16999,83],{"class":70},[52,17001,96],{"class":74},[52,17003,71],{"class":70},[52,17005,80],{"class":66},[52,17007,104],{"class":103},[52,17009,107],{"class":66},[52,17011,17012],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,17013,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,17015,17016,17018,17020,17022],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17017,142],{"class":141},[52,17019,145],{"class":66},[52,17021,11789],{"class":124},[52,17023,151],{"class":66},[52,17025,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17027,142],{"class":141},[52,17029,145],{"class":66},[52,17031,3573],{"class":3251},[52,17033,145],{"class":66},[52,17035,11789],{"class":124},[52,17037,2120],{"class":66},[52,17039,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17051],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,17041,142],{"class":141},[52,17043,145],{"class":66},[52,17045,11789],{"class":124},[52,17047,121],{"class":66},[52,17049,17050],{"class":124},"keys",[52,17052,7547],{"class":66},[52,17054,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,17056,142],{"class":141},[52,17058,145],{"class":66},[52,17060,11789],{"class":124},[52,17062,121],{"class":66},[52,17064,5712],{"class":124},[52,17066,7547],{"class":66},[52,17068,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,17070,142],{"class":141},[52,17072,145],{"class":66},[52,17074,11505],{"class":141},[52,17076,145],{"class":66},[52,17078,11789],{"class":124},[52,17080,2120],{"class":66},[20,17082,17083],{},[33,17084,17085],{},"Example output:",[43,17087,17089],{"className":45,"code":17088,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17090,17091,17123,17137,17160,17179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17092,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17094,183],{"class":66},[52,17096,186],{"class":70},[52,17098,75],{"class":74},[52,17100,186],{"class":70},[52,17102,80],{"class":66},[52,17104,195],{"class":70},[52,17106,86],{"class":74},[52,17108,186],{"class":70},[52,17110,91],{"class":66},[52,17112,195],{"class":70},[52,17114,96],{"class":74},[52,17116,186],{"class":70},[52,17118,80],{"class":66},[52,17120,104],{"class":103},[52,17122,107],{"class":66},[52,17124,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,17126,3642],{"class":62},[52,17128,3645],{"class":2413},[52,17130,195],{"class":70},[52,17132,9176],{"class":74},[52,17134,186],{"class":70},[52,17136,3654],{"class":62},[52,17138,17139,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17140,17141],{"class":124},"dict_keys",[52,17143,3336],{"class":66},[52,17145,186],{"class":70},[52,17147,75],{"class":74},[52,17149,186],{"class":70},[52,17151,91],{"class":66},[52,17153,195],{"class":70},[52,17155,96],{"class":74},[52,17157,186],{"class":70},[52,17159,913],{"class":66},[52,17161,17162,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17163,17164],{"class":124},"dict_values",[52,17166,3336],{"class":66},[52,17168,186],{"class":70},[52,17170,86],{"class":74},[52,17172,186],{"class":70},[52,17174,91],{"class":66},[52,17176,104],{"class":103},[52,17178,913],{"class":66},[52,17180,17181],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,17182,17183],{"class":103},"2\n",[20,17185,17186,17187,2536,17193,17199,17200,121],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[257,17188,2260,17190],{"href":17189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17191,17192],{},"keys()",[257,17194,2260,17196],{"href":17195},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17197,17198],{},"values()",", and ",[257,17201,2260,17203],{"href":17202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17204,17205],{},"items()",[38,17207,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,17209,17211],{"id":17210},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17213,222,17214,261,17216,17218],{},[15,17215,4147],{},[15,17217,9475],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1335,17220,17222],{"id":17221},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17224,17225,17226,121],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17227,17228],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1335,17230,17232],{"id":17231},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17234,17235],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1335,17237,17239],{"id":17238},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17241,17242],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1335,17244,2215,17246,2218,17248,2221],{"id":17245},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17247,4147],{},[15,17249,9475],{},[20,17251,17252,17254,17255,17257],{},[15,17253,4147],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17256,9475],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[38,17259,2240],{"id":2239},[234,17261,17262,17266,17272,17276,17282],{},[237,17263,17264],{},[257,17265,260],{"href":9510},[237,17267,17268],{},[257,17269,2260,17270,2264],{"href":11081},[15,17271,11084],{},[237,17273,17274],{},[257,17275,11594],{"href":11076},[237,17277,17278],{},[257,17279,17281],{"href":17280},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[237,17283,17284],{},[257,17285,11605],{"href":11418},[20,17287,17288],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2278,17290,17291],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":17293},[17294,17295,17296,17297,17300,17303,17308,17309,17314,17315,17320,17321,17329],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":15305,"depth":110,"text":15293},{"id":15390,"depth":110,"text":15391,"children":17298},[17299],{"id":15542,"depth":131,"text":15543},{"id":9749,"depth":110,"text":9750,"children":17301},[17302],{"id":15721,"depth":131,"text":15722},{"id":15834,"depth":110,"text":17304,"children":17305},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17306],{"id":15961,"depth":131,"text":17307},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9791,"depth":110,"text":9792},{"id":16315,"depth":110,"text":16316,"children":17310},[17311,17312,17313],{"id":16336,"depth":131,"text":16337},{"id":16438,"depth":131,"text":16439},{"id":16520,"depth":131,"text":16521},{"id":16606,"depth":110,"text":16607},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":17316},[17317,17318,17319],{"id":16766,"depth":131,"text":16767},{"id":16824,"depth":131,"text":16825},{"id":16888,"depth":131,"text":16889},{"id":16964,"depth":110,"text":16965},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":17322},[17323,17324,17325,17326,17327],{"id":17210,"depth":131,"text":17211},{"id":17221,"depth":131,"text":17222},{"id":17231,"depth":131,"text":17232},{"id":17238,"depth":131,"text":17239},{"id":17245,"depth":131,"text":17328},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15130,"description":17330},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17336,"title":17337,"body":17338,"description":19789,"extension":2310,"meta":19790,"navigation":134,"path":19791,"seo":19792,"stem":19793,"__hash__":19794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17339,"toc":19745},[17340,17346,17352,17355,17358,17360,17442,17448,17453,17457,17475,17487,17492,17496,17519,17523,17535,17543,17547,17553,17555,17558,17633,17635,17680,17682,17699,17704,17710,17715,17789,17791,17836,17839,17850,17852,17971,17973,18026,18033,18037,18040,18057,18063,18067,18165,18167,18219,18226,18230,18236,18239,18242,18269,18274,18278,18281,18385,18387,18432,18435,18438,18443,18448,18459,18461,18522,18582,18588,18596,18602,18607,18612,18672,18676,18743,18746,18750,18821,18824,18837,18844,18846,18850,18854,18925,18927,18964,18967,18970,19033,19040,19043,19085,19095,19098,19167,19173,19178,19262,19264,19313,19320,19326,19371,19373,19406,19411,19415,19421,19460,19504,19572,19615,19617,19623,19626,19630,19635,19639,19642,19646,19648,19709,19711,19737,19742],[10,17341,13,17343,18],{"id":17342},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17344,17345],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17347,17348,17351],{},[15,17349,17350],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17353,17354],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17356,17357],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[38,17359,41],{"id":40},[43,17361,17363],{"className":45,"code":17362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17364,17365,17398,17426,17437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17366,17367,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17368,17369],{"class":58},"keys ",[52,17371,63],{"class":62},[52,17373,755],{"class":66},[52,17375,71],{"class":70},[52,17377,75],{"class":74},[52,17379,71],{"class":70},[52,17381,91],{"class":66},[52,17383,83],{"class":70},[52,17385,96],{"class":74},[52,17387,71],{"class":70},[52,17389,91],{"class":66},[52,17391,83],{"class":70},[52,17393,10755],{"class":74},[52,17395,71],{"class":70},[52,17397,766],{"class":66},[52,17399,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17422,17424],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,17401,451],{"class":58},[52,17403,63],{"class":62},[52,17405,9524],{"class":3251},[52,17407,121],{"class":66},[52,17409,17410],{"class":124},"fromkeys",[52,17412,145],{"class":66},[52,17414,17050],{"class":124},[52,17416,91],{"class":66},[52,17418,83],{"class":70},[52,17420,17421],{"class":74},"unknown",[52,17423,71],{"class":70},[52,17425,151],{"class":66},[52,17427,17428,17430,17432,17435],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17429,142],{"class":141},[52,17431,145],{"class":66},[52,17433,17434],{"class":124},"person",[52,17436,151],{"class":66},[52,17438,17439],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17440,17441],{"class":4017},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17443,222,17444,17447],{},[15,17445,17446],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[38,17449,4031,17451,4034],{"id":17450},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17452,17350],{},[20,17454,17455,80],{},[15,17456,17350],{},[234,17458,17459,17462,17465,17468],{},[237,17460,17461],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[237,17463,17464],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[237,17466,17467],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[237,17469,17470,17471,17474],{},"Is called as ",[15,17472,17473],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17476,17477,17478,17480,17481,17483,17484,121],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17479,9176],{},", so you write ",[15,17482,17473],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17485,17486],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17488,17489,17490,121],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[257,17491,260],{"href":259},[38,17493,17495],{"id":17494},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[43,17497,17499],{"className":45,"code":17498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17500,17501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17502,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17504,9176],{"class":3251},[52,17506,121],{"class":66},[52,17508,17410],{"class":124},[52,17510,145],{"class":66},[52,17512,4075],{"class":124},[52,17514,91],{"class":66},[52,17516,8787],{"class":124},[52,17518,151],{"class":66},[1335,17520,17522],{"id":17521},"parameters","Parameters",[234,17524,17525,17530],{},[237,17526,17527,17529],{},[15,17528,4075],{},": the keys to use",[237,17531,17532,17534],{},[15,17533,2823],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17536,17537,17538,17540,17541,121],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17539,2823],{},", each key gets ",[15,17542,4133],{},[1335,17544,17546],{"id":17545},"return-value","Return value",[20,17548,17549,17550,121],{},"It returns a ",[33,17551,17552],{},"new dictionary",[38,17554,6141],{"id":6140},[20,17556,17557],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[43,17559,17561],{"className":45,"code":17560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17562,17563,17596,17618,17622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17564,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17566,17369],{"class":58},[52,17568,63],{"class":62},[52,17570,755],{"class":66},[52,17572,71],{"class":70},[52,17574,336],{"class":74},[52,17576,71],{"class":70},[52,17578,91],{"class":66},[52,17580,83],{"class":70},[52,17582,17583],{"class":74},"green",[52,17585,71],{"class":70},[52,17587,91],{"class":66},[52,17589,83],{"class":70},[52,17591,354],{"class":74},[52,17593,71],{"class":70},[52,17595,766],{"class":66},[52,17597,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,17599,319],{"class":58},[52,17601,63],{"class":62},[52,17603,9524],{"class":3251},[52,17605,121],{"class":66},[52,17607,17410],{"class":124},[52,17609,145],{"class":66},[52,17611,17050],{"class":124},[52,17613,91],{"class":66},[52,17615,4189],{"class":103},[52,17617,151],{"class":66},[52,17619,17620],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17621,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,17623,17624,17626,17628,17631],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17625,142],{"class":141},[52,17627,145],{"class":66},[52,17629,17630],{"class":124},"colors",[52,17632,151],{"class":66},[20,17634,173],{},[43,17636,17638],{"className":45,"code":17637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17639,17640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17641,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17643,183],{"class":66},[52,17645,186],{"class":70},[52,17647,336],{"class":74},[52,17649,186],{"class":70},[52,17651,80],{"class":66},[52,17653,4189],{"class":103},[52,17655,91],{"class":66},[52,17657,195],{"class":70},[52,17659,17583],{"class":74},[52,17661,186],{"class":70},[52,17663,80],{"class":66},[52,17665,4189],{"class":103},[52,17667,91],{"class":66},[52,17669,195],{"class":70},[52,17671,354],{"class":74},[52,17673,186],{"class":70},[52,17675,80],{"class":66},[52,17677,4189],{"class":103},[52,17679,107],{"class":66},[20,17681,12017],{},[234,17683,17684,17689,17694],{},[237,17685,17686,17688],{},[15,17687,17050],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[237,17690,17691,17693],{},[15,17692,2467],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[237,17695,17696,17698],{},[15,17697,17350],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17700,17701,17702,121],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[257,17703,265],{"href":264},[38,17705,1326,17707,17709],{"id":17706},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17708,17345],{}," without a value",[20,17711,17712,17713,121],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17714,4133],{},[43,17716,17718],{"className":45,"code":17717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17719,17720,17754,17774,17778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17721,17722,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17750,17752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17723,17724],{"class":58},"fields ",[52,17726,63],{"class":62},[52,17728,755],{"class":66},[52,17730,71],{"class":70},[52,17732,8339],{"class":74},[52,17734,71],{"class":70},[52,17736,91],{"class":66},[52,17738,83],{"class":70},[52,17740,15384],{"class":74},[52,17742,71],{"class":70},[52,17744,91],{"class":66},[52,17746,83],{"class":70},[52,17748,17749],{"class":74},"password",[52,17751,71],{"class":70},[52,17753,766],{"class":66},[52,17755,17756,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17772],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,17757,17758],{"class":58},"user_data ",[52,17760,63],{"class":62},[52,17762,9524],{"class":3251},[52,17764,121],{"class":66},[52,17766,17410],{"class":124},[52,17768,145],{"class":66},[52,17770,17771],{"class":124},"fields",[52,17773,151],{"class":66},[52,17775,17776],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17777,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,17779,17780,17782,17784,17787],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17781,142],{"class":141},[52,17783,145],{"class":66},[52,17785,17786],{"class":124},"user_data",[52,17788,151],{"class":66},[20,17790,173],{},[43,17792,17794],{"className":45,"code":17793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17795,17796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17797,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17799,183],{"class":66},[52,17801,186],{"class":70},[52,17803,8339],{"class":74},[52,17805,186],{"class":70},[52,17807,80],{"class":66},[52,17809,4208],{"class":218},[52,17811,91],{"class":66},[52,17813,195],{"class":70},[52,17815,15384],{"class":74},[52,17817,186],{"class":70},[52,17819,80],{"class":66},[52,17821,4208],{"class":218},[52,17823,91],{"class":66},[52,17825,195],{"class":70},[52,17827,17749],{"class":74},[52,17829,186],{"class":70},[52,17831,80],{"class":66},[52,17833,4208],{"class":218},[52,17835,107],{"class":66},[20,17837,17838],{},"This is useful when:",[234,17840,17841,17844,17847],{},[237,17842,17843],{},"You want to create the keys first",[237,17845,17846],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[237,17848,17849],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17851,309],{},[43,17853,17855],{"className":45,"code":17854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17856,17857,17889,17907,17911,17934,17957,17961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17858,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17860,17724],{"class":58},[52,17862,63],{"class":62},[52,17864,755],{"class":66},[52,17866,71],{"class":70},[52,17868,8339],{"class":74},[52,17870,71],{"class":70},[52,17872,91],{"class":66},[52,17874,83],{"class":70},[52,17876,15384],{"class":74},[52,17878,71],{"class":70},[52,17880,91],{"class":66},[52,17882,83],{"class":70},[52,17884,17749],{"class":74},[52,17886,71],{"class":70},[52,17888,766],{"class":66},[52,17890,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,17892,17758],{"class":58},[52,17894,63],{"class":62},[52,17896,9524],{"class":3251},[52,17898,121],{"class":66},[52,17900,17410],{"class":124},[52,17902,145],{"class":66},[52,17904,17771],{"class":124},[52,17906,151],{"class":66},[52,17908,17909],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17910,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,17912,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17932],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17914,17786],{"class":58},[52,17916,513],{"class":66},[52,17918,71],{"class":70},[52,17920,8339],{"class":74},[52,17922,71],{"class":70},[52,17924,522],{"class":66},[52,17926,525],{"class":62},[52,17928,83],{"class":70},[52,17930,17931],{"class":74},"alice",[52,17933,3710],{"class":70},[52,17935,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17955],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,17937,17786],{"class":58},[52,17939,513],{"class":66},[52,17941,71],{"class":70},[52,17943,15384],{"class":74},[52,17945,71],{"class":70},[52,17947,522],{"class":66},[52,17949,525],{"class":62},[52,17951,83],{"class":70},[52,17953,17954],{"class":74},"alice@example.com",[52,17956,3710],{"class":70},[52,17958,17959],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,17960,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,17962,17963,17965,17967,17969],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,17964,142],{"class":141},[52,17966,145],{"class":66},[52,17968,17786],{"class":124},[52,17970,151],{"class":66},[20,17972,173],{},[43,17974,17976],{"className":45,"code":17975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17977,17978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17979,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17981,183],{"class":66},[52,17983,186],{"class":70},[52,17985,8339],{"class":74},[52,17987,186],{"class":70},[52,17989,80],{"class":66},[52,17991,195],{"class":70},[52,17993,17931],{"class":74},[52,17995,186],{"class":70},[52,17997,91],{"class":66},[52,17999,195],{"class":70},[52,18001,15384],{"class":74},[52,18003,186],{"class":70},[52,18005,80],{"class":66},[52,18007,195],{"class":70},[52,18009,17954],{"class":74},[52,18011,186],{"class":70},[52,18013,91],{"class":66},[52,18015,195],{"class":70},[52,18017,17749],{"class":74},[52,18019,186],{"class":70},[52,18021,80],{"class":66},[52,18023,4208],{"class":218},[52,18025,107],{"class":66},[20,18027,18028,18029,121],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[257,18030,18032],{"href":18031},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[38,18034,18036],{"id":18035},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18038,18039],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[234,18041,18042,18047,18052],{},[237,18043,18044,18046],{},[15,18045,4142],{}," (list)",[237,18048,18049,18051],{},[15,18050,4147],{}," (dictionary)",[237,18053,18054,18056],{},[15,18055,4152],{}," (set)",[20,18058,18059,18060,121],{},"All keys will point to the ",[33,18061,18062],{},"same object",[1335,18064,18066],{"id":18065},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[43,18068,18070],{"className":45,"code":18069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18071,18072,18104,18125,18129,18151,18155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18073,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18075,17369],{"class":58},[52,18077,63],{"class":62},[52,18079,755],{"class":66},[52,18081,71],{"class":70},[52,18083,257],{"class":74},[52,18085,71],{"class":70},[52,18087,91],{"class":66},[52,18089,83],{"class":70},[52,18091,345],{"class":74},[52,18093,71],{"class":70},[52,18095,91],{"class":66},[52,18097,83],{"class":70},[52,18099,10087],{"class":74},[52,18101,71],{"class":70},[52,18103,766],{"class":66},[52,18105,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18107,1815],{"class":58},[52,18109,63],{"class":62},[52,18111,9524],{"class":3251},[52,18113,121],{"class":66},[52,18115,17410],{"class":124},[52,18117,145],{"class":66},[52,18119,17050],{"class":124},[52,18121,91],{"class":66},[52,18123,18124],{"class":66}," [])\n",[52,18126,18127],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18128,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,18130,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,18132,1868],{"class":58},[52,18134,513],{"class":66},[52,18136,71],{"class":70},[52,18138,257],{"class":74},[52,18140,71],{"class":70},[52,18142,808],{"class":66},[52,18144,811],{"class":124},[52,18146,145],{"class":66},[52,18148,3339],{"class":103},[52,18150,151],{"class":66},[52,18152,18153],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,18154,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,18156,18157,18159,18161,18163],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,18158,142],{"class":141},[52,18160,145],{"class":66},[52,18162,1868],{"class":124},[52,18164,151],{"class":66},[20,18166,173],{},[43,18168,18170],{"className":45,"code":18169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18171,18172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18173,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18175,183],{"class":66},[52,18177,186],{"class":70},[52,18179,257],{"class":74},[52,18181,186],{"class":70},[52,18183,80],{"class":66},[52,18185,755],{"class":66},[52,18187,3339],{"class":103},[52,18189,18190],{"class":66},"],",[52,18192,195],{"class":70},[52,18194,345],{"class":74},[52,18196,186],{"class":70},[52,18198,80],{"class":66},[52,18200,755],{"class":66},[52,18202,3339],{"class":103},[52,18204,18190],{"class":66},[52,18206,195],{"class":70},[52,18208,10087],{"class":74},[52,18210,186],{"class":70},[52,18212,80],{"class":66},[52,18214,755],{"class":66},[52,18216,3339],{"class":103},[52,18218,970],{"class":66},[20,18220,18221,18222,18225],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18223,18224],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1335,18227,18229],{"id":18228},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18231,18232,18235],{},[15,18233,18234],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18237,18238],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18240,18241],{},"So this:",[43,18243,18245],{"className":45,"code":18244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18246,18247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18248,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18250,1868],{"class":58},[52,18252,513],{"class":66},[52,18254,71],{"class":70},[52,18256,257],{"class":74},[52,18258,71],{"class":70},[52,18260,808],{"class":66},[52,18262,811],{"class":124},[52,18264,145],{"class":66},[52,18266,3339],{"class":103},[52,18268,151],{"class":66},[20,18270,18271,18272,121],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18273,18224],{},[1335,18275,18277],{"id":18276},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18279,18280],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[43,18282,18284],{"className":45,"code":18283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18285,18286,18318,18345,18349,18371,18375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18287,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18289,17369],{"class":58},[52,18291,63],{"class":62},[52,18293,755],{"class":66},[52,18295,71],{"class":70},[52,18297,257],{"class":74},[52,18299,71],{"class":70},[52,18301,91],{"class":66},[52,18303,83],{"class":70},[52,18305,345],{"class":74},[52,18307,71],{"class":70},[52,18309,91],{"class":66},[52,18311,83],{"class":70},[52,18313,10087],{"class":74},[52,18315,71],{"class":70},[52,18317,766],{"class":66},[52,18319,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18333,18335,18338,18340,18343],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18321,1815],{"class":58},[52,18323,63],{"class":62},[52,18325,67],{"class":66},[52,18327,2139],{"class":58},[52,18329,80],{"class":66},[52,18331,18332],{"class":66}," []",[52,18334,4232],{"class":163},[52,18336,18337],{"class":58}," key ",[52,18339,4238],{"class":163},[52,18341,18342],{"class":58}," keys",[52,18344,107],{"class":66},[52,18346,18347],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18348,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,18350,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,18352,1868],{"class":58},[52,18354,513],{"class":66},[52,18356,71],{"class":70},[52,18358,257],{"class":74},[52,18360,71],{"class":70},[52,18362,808],{"class":66},[52,18364,811],{"class":124},[52,18366,145],{"class":66},[52,18368,3339],{"class":103},[52,18370,151],{"class":66},[52,18372,18373],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,18374,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,18376,18377,18379,18381,18383],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,18378,142],{"class":141},[52,18380,145],{"class":66},[52,18382,1868],{"class":124},[52,18384,151],{"class":66},[20,18386,173],{},[43,18388,18390],{"className":45,"code":18389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18391,18392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18393,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18395,183],{"class":66},[52,18397,186],{"class":70},[52,18399,257],{"class":74},[52,18401,186],{"class":70},[52,18403,80],{"class":66},[52,18405,755],{"class":66},[52,18407,3339],{"class":103},[52,18409,18190],{"class":66},[52,18411,195],{"class":70},[52,18413,345],{"class":74},[52,18415,186],{"class":70},[52,18417,80],{"class":66},[52,18419,18420],{"class":66}," [],",[52,18422,195],{"class":70},[52,18424,10087],{"class":74},[52,18426,186],{"class":70},[52,18428,80],{"class":66},[52,18430,18431],{"class":66}," []}\n",[20,18433,18434],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18436,18437],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[38,18439,1063,18441],{"id":18440},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18442,17345],{},[20,18444,18445,18447],{},[15,18446,17350],{}," is a good choice when:",[234,18449,18450,18453,18456],{},[237,18451,18452],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[237,18454,18455],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[237,18457,18458],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18460,2473],{},[43,18462,18464],{"className":45,"code":18463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18465,18466,18511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18467,18468,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18503,18505,18507,18509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18469,18470],{"class":58},"flags ",[52,18472,63],{"class":62},[52,18474,9524],{"class":3251},[52,18476,121],{"class":66},[52,18478,17410],{"class":124},[52,18480,3336],{"class":66},[52,18482,71],{"class":70},[52,18484,18485],{"class":74},"is_admin",[52,18487,71],{"class":70},[52,18489,91],{"class":66},[52,18491,83],{"class":70},[52,18493,15204],{"class":74},[52,18495,71],{"class":70},[52,18497,91],{"class":66},[52,18499,83],{"class":70},[52,18501,18502],{"class":74},"is_verified",[52,18504,71],{"class":70},[52,18506,18190],{"class":66},[52,18508,4261],{"class":218},[52,18510,151],{"class":66},[52,18512,18513,18515,18517,18520],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18514,142],{"class":141},[52,18516,145],{"class":66},[52,18518,18519],{"class":124},"flags",[52,18521,151],{"class":66},[43,18523,18525],{"className":45,"code":18524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18526,18527,18572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18528,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18546,18548,18550,18552,18555,18557,18559,18561,18564,18566,18568,18570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18530,5416],{"class":58},[52,18532,63],{"class":62},[52,18534,9524],{"class":3251},[52,18536,121],{"class":66},[52,18538,17410],{"class":124},[52,18540,3336],{"class":66},[52,18542,71],{"class":70},[52,18544,18545],{"class":74},"math",[52,18547,71],{"class":70},[52,18549,91],{"class":66},[52,18551,83],{"class":70},[52,18553,18554],{"class":74},"science",[52,18556,71],{"class":70},[52,18558,91],{"class":66},[52,18560,83],{"class":70},[52,18562,18563],{"class":74},"history",[52,18565,71],{"class":70},[52,18567,18190],{"class":66},[52,18569,4189],{"class":103},[52,18571,151],{"class":66},[52,18573,18574,18576,18578,18580],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18575,142],{"class":141},[52,18577,145],{"class":66},[52,18579,16515],{"class":124},[52,18581,151],{"class":66},[20,18583,18584,18585,18587],{},"It is ",[33,18586,1332],{}," the best choice when:",[234,18589,18590,18593],{},[237,18591,18592],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[237,18594,18595],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[38,18597,18599,18601],{"id":18598},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18600,17345],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18603,18604,18606],{},[15,18605,17345],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1335,18608,1326,18610],{"id":18609},"using-fromkeys",[15,18611,17345],{},[43,18613,18615],{"className":45,"code":18614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18616,18617,18662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18618,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18636,18638,18640,18642,18645,18647,18649,18651,18654,18656,18658,18660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18620,1096],{"class":58},[52,18622,63],{"class":62},[52,18624,9524],{"class":3251},[52,18626,121],{"class":66},[52,18628,17410],{"class":124},[52,18630,3336],{"class":66},[52,18632,71],{"class":70},[52,18634,18635],{"class":74},"sound",[52,18637,71],{"class":70},[52,18639,91],{"class":66},[52,18641,83],{"class":70},[52,18643,18644],{"class":74},"music",[52,18646,71],{"class":70},[52,18648,91],{"class":66},[52,18650,83],{"class":70},[52,18652,18653],{"class":74},"notifications",[52,18655,71],{"class":70},[52,18657,18190],{"class":66},[52,18659,4270],{"class":218},[52,18661,151],{"class":66},[52,18663,18664,18666,18668,18670],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18665,142],{"class":141},[52,18667,145],{"class":66},[52,18669,1157],{"class":124},[52,18671,151],{"class":66},[1335,18673,18675],{"id":18674},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[43,18677,18679],{"className":45,"code":18678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18680,18681,18689,18703,18717,18729,18733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18682,18683,18685,18687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18684,1096],{"class":58},[52,18686,63],{"class":62},[52,18688,721],{"class":66},[52,18690,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18692,726],{"class":70},[52,18694,18635],{"class":74},[52,18696,71],{"class":70},[52,18698,80],{"class":66},[52,18700,4270],{"class":218},[52,18702,741],{"class":66},[52,18704,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18706,726],{"class":70},[52,18708,18644],{"class":74},[52,18710,71],{"class":70},[52,18712,80],{"class":66},[52,18714,4261],{"class":218},[52,18716,741],{"class":66},[52,18718,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,18720,726],{"class":70},[52,18722,18653],{"class":74},[52,18724,71],{"class":70},[52,18726,80],{"class":66},[52,18728,6777],{"class":218},[52,18730,18731],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,18732,107],{"class":66},[52,18734,18735,18737,18739,18741],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,18736,142],{"class":141},[52,18738,145],{"class":66},[52,18740,1157],{"class":124},[52,18742,151],{"class":66},[20,18744,18745],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1335,18747,18749],{"id":18748},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[43,18751,18753],{"className":45,"code":18752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18754,18755,18787,18811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18756,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18758,17369],{"class":58},[52,18760,63],{"class":62},[52,18762,755],{"class":66},[52,18764,71],{"class":70},[52,18766,257],{"class":74},[52,18768,71],{"class":70},[52,18770,91],{"class":66},[52,18772,83],{"class":70},[52,18774,345],{"class":74},[52,18776,71],{"class":70},[52,18778,91],{"class":66},[52,18780,83],{"class":70},[52,18782,10087],{"class":74},[52,18784,71],{"class":70},[52,18786,766],{"class":66},[52,18788,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18790,1815],{"class":58},[52,18792,63],{"class":62},[52,18794,67],{"class":66},[52,18796,2139],{"class":58},[52,18798,80],{"class":66},[52,18800,18332],{"class":66},[52,18802,4232],{"class":163},[52,18804,18337],{"class":58},[52,18806,4238],{"class":163},[52,18808,18342],{"class":58},[52,18810,107],{"class":66},[52,18812,18813,18815,18817,18819],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18814,142],{"class":141},[52,18816,145],{"class":66},[52,18818,1868],{"class":124},[52,18820,151],{"class":66},[20,18822,18823],{},"Use:",[234,18825,18826,18831,18834],{},[237,18827,18828,18830],{},[15,18829,17345],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[237,18832,18833],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[237,18835,18836],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18838,18839,18840,121],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[257,18841,2260,18842,2264],{"href":1305},[15,18843,2263],{},[38,18845,2022],{"id":2021},[20,18847,2025,18848,121],{},[15,18849,17350],{},[1335,18851,18853],{"id":18852},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[43,18855,18857],{"className":45,"code":18856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18858,18859,18892,18915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18860,18861,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18862,18863],{"class":58},"d ",[52,18865,63],{"class":62},[52,18867,9524],{"class":3251},[52,18869,121],{"class":66},[52,18871,17410],{"class":124},[52,18873,3336],{"class":66},[52,18875,71],{"class":70},[52,18877,257],{"class":74},[52,18879,71],{"class":70},[52,18881,91],{"class":66},[52,18883,83],{"class":70},[52,18885,345],{"class":74},[52,18887,71],{"class":70},[52,18889,18190],{"class":66},[52,18891,18124],{"class":66},[52,18893,18894,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,18895,18896],{"class":58},"d",[52,18898,513],{"class":66},[52,18900,71],{"class":70},[52,18902,257],{"class":74},[52,18904,71],{"class":70},[52,18906,808],{"class":66},[52,18908,811],{"class":124},[52,18910,145],{"class":66},[52,18912,3339],{"class":103},[52,18914,151],{"class":66},[52,18916,18917,18919,18921,18923],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18918,142],{"class":141},[52,18920,145],{"class":66},[52,18922,18896],{"class":124},[52,18924,151],{"class":66},[20,18926,173],{},[43,18928,18930],{"className":45,"code":18929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18931,18932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18933,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18935,183],{"class":66},[52,18937,186],{"class":70},[52,18939,257],{"class":74},[52,18941,186],{"class":70},[52,18943,80],{"class":66},[52,18945,755],{"class":66},[52,18947,3339],{"class":103},[52,18949,18190],{"class":66},[52,18951,195],{"class":70},[52,18953,345],{"class":74},[52,18955,186],{"class":70},[52,18957,80],{"class":66},[52,18959,755],{"class":66},[52,18961,3339],{"class":103},[52,18963,970],{"class":66},[20,18965,18966],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18968,18969],{},"Use this instead:",[43,18971,18973],{"className":45,"code":18972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18974,18975,18999,19023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18976,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18978,17369],{"class":58},[52,18980,63],{"class":62},[52,18982,755],{"class":66},[52,18984,71],{"class":70},[52,18986,257],{"class":74},[52,18988,71],{"class":70},[52,18990,91],{"class":66},[52,18992,83],{"class":70},[52,18994,345],{"class":74},[52,18996,71],{"class":70},[52,18998,766],{"class":66},[52,19000,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19002,18863],{"class":58},[52,19004,63],{"class":62},[52,19006,67],{"class":66},[52,19008,2139],{"class":58},[52,19010,80],{"class":66},[52,19012,18332],{"class":66},[52,19014,4232],{"class":163},[52,19016,18337],{"class":58},[52,19018,4238],{"class":163},[52,19020,18342],{"class":58},[52,19022,107],{"class":66},[52,19024,19025,19027,19029,19031],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19026,142],{"class":141},[52,19028,145],{"class":66},[52,19030,18896],{"class":124},[52,19032,151],{"class":66},[1335,19034,19036,19037,19039],{"id":19035},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19038,17345],{}," on a list",[20,19041,19042],{},"Wrong idea:",[43,19044,19046],{"className":45,"code":19045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19047,19048,19080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19049,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19051,17369],{"class":58},[52,19053,63],{"class":62},[52,19055,755],{"class":66},[52,19057,71],{"class":70},[52,19059,257],{"class":74},[52,19061,71],{"class":70},[52,19063,91],{"class":66},[52,19065,83],{"class":70},[52,19067,345],{"class":74},[52,19069,71],{"class":70},[52,19071,91],{"class":66},[52,19073,83],{"class":70},[52,19075,10087],{"class":74},[52,19077,71],{"class":70},[52,19079,766],{"class":66},[52,19081,19082],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19083,19084],{"class":4017},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19086,19087,19089,19090,19092,19093,121],{},[15,19088,17345],{}," belongs to ",[15,19091,9176],{},", not ",[15,19094,8448],{},[20,19096,19097],{},"Correct usage:",[43,19099,19101],{"className":45,"code":19100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19102,19103,19135,19157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19104,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19106,17369],{"class":58},[52,19108,63],{"class":62},[52,19110,755],{"class":66},[52,19112,71],{"class":70},[52,19114,257],{"class":74},[52,19116,71],{"class":70},[52,19118,91],{"class":66},[52,19120,83],{"class":70},[52,19122,345],{"class":74},[52,19124,71],{"class":70},[52,19126,91],{"class":66},[52,19128,83],{"class":70},[52,19130,10087],{"class":74},[52,19132,71],{"class":70},[52,19134,766],{"class":66},[52,19136,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19138,18863],{"class":58},[52,19140,63],{"class":62},[52,19142,9524],{"class":3251},[52,19144,121],{"class":66},[52,19146,17410],{"class":124},[52,19148,145],{"class":66},[52,19150,17050],{"class":124},[52,19152,91],{"class":66},[52,19154,4189],{"class":103},[52,19156,151],{"class":66},[52,19158,19159,19161,19163,19165],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19160,142],{"class":141},[52,19162,145],{"class":66},[52,19164,18896],{"class":124},[52,19166,151],{"class":66},[1335,19168,8807,19170,19172],{"id":19169},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19171,17345],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19174,19175,19177],{},[15,19176,17350],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[43,19179,19181],{"className":45,"code":19180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19182,19183,19203,19237,19241,19251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19184,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19186,1348],{"class":58},[52,19188,63],{"class":62},[52,19190,67],{"class":66},[52,19192,71],{"class":70},[52,19194,1357],{"class":74},[52,19196,71],{"class":70},[52,19198,80],{"class":66},[52,19200,1364],{"class":103},[52,19202,107],{"class":66},[52,19204,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19206,279],{"class":58},[52,19208,63],{"class":62},[52,19210,9524],{"class":3251},[52,19212,121],{"class":66},[52,19214,17410],{"class":124},[52,19216,3336],{"class":66},[52,19218,71],{"class":70},[52,19220,257],{"class":74},[52,19222,71],{"class":70},[52,19224,91],{"class":66},[52,19226,83],{"class":70},[52,19228,345],{"class":74},[52,19230,71],{"class":70},[52,19232,18190],{"class":66},[52,19234,4189],{"class":103},[52,19236,151],{"class":66},[52,19238,19239],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,19242,19243,19245,19247,19249],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,19244,142],{"class":141},[52,19246,145],{"class":66},[52,19248,2068],{"class":124},[52,19250,151],{"class":66},[52,19252,19253,19255,19257,19260],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,19254,142],{"class":141},[52,19256,145],{"class":66},[52,19258,19259],{"class":124},"new_dict",[52,19261,151],{"class":66},[20,19263,173],{},[43,19265,19267],{"className":45,"code":19266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19268,19269,19285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19270,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19272,183],{"class":66},[52,19274,186],{"class":70},[52,19276,1357],{"class":74},[52,19278,186],{"class":70},[52,19280,80],{"class":66},[52,19282,1364],{"class":103},[52,19284,107],{"class":66},[52,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19288,183],{"class":66},[52,19290,186],{"class":70},[52,19292,257],{"class":74},[52,19294,186],{"class":70},[52,19296,80],{"class":66},[52,19298,4189],{"class":103},[52,19300,91],{"class":66},[52,19302,195],{"class":70},[52,19304,345],{"class":74},[52,19306,186],{"class":70},[52,19308,80],{"class":66},[52,19310,4189],{"class":103},[52,19312,107],{"class":66},[20,19314,19315,19316,121],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[257,19317,2260,19318,2264],{"href":1305},[15,19319,2263],{},[1335,19321,19323,19324],{"id":19322},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19325,4133],{},[43,19327,19329],{"className":45,"code":19328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19330,19331,19361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19332,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19334,18863],{"class":58},[52,19336,63],{"class":62},[52,19338,9524],{"class":3251},[52,19340,121],{"class":66},[52,19342,17410],{"class":124},[52,19344,3336],{"class":66},[52,19346,71],{"class":70},[52,19348,1357],{"class":74},[52,19350,71],{"class":70},[52,19352,91],{"class":66},[52,19354,83],{"class":70},[52,19356,1371],{"class":74},[52,19358,71],{"class":70},[52,19360,913],{"class":66},[52,19362,19363,19365,19367,19369],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19364,142],{"class":141},[52,19366,145],{"class":66},[52,19368,18896],{"class":124},[52,19370,151],{"class":66},[20,19372,173],{},[43,19374,19376],{"className":45,"code":19375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19377,19378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19379,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19381,183],{"class":66},[52,19383,186],{"class":70},[52,19385,1357],{"class":74},[52,19387,186],{"class":70},[52,19389,80],{"class":66},[52,19391,4208],{"class":218},[52,19393,91],{"class":66},[52,19395,195],{"class":70},[52,19397,1371],{"class":74},[52,19399,186],{"class":70},[52,19401,80],{"class":66},[52,19403,4208],{"class":218},[52,19405,107],{"class":66},[20,19407,19408,19409,121],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19410,4133],{},[38,19412,19414],{"id":19413},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19416,19417,19418,19420],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19419,17345],{}," works.",[43,19422,19424],{"className":45,"code":19423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19425,19426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19427,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19429,142],{"class":141},[52,19431,145],{"class":66},[52,19433,9176],{"class":3251},[52,19435,121],{"class":66},[52,19437,17410],{"class":124},[52,19439,3336],{"class":66},[52,19441,71],{"class":70},[52,19443,257],{"class":74},[52,19445,71],{"class":70},[52,19447,91],{"class":66},[52,19449,83],{"class":70},[52,19451,345],{"class":74},[52,19453,71],{"class":70},[52,19455,18190],{"class":66},[52,19457,4189],{"class":103},[52,19459,2120],{"class":66},[43,19461,19462],{"className":45,"code":19328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19463,19464,19494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19465,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19467,18863],{"class":58},[52,19469,63],{"class":62},[52,19471,9524],{"class":3251},[52,19473,121],{"class":66},[52,19475,17410],{"class":124},[52,19477,3336],{"class":66},[52,19479,71],{"class":70},[52,19481,1357],{"class":74},[52,19483,71],{"class":70},[52,19485,91],{"class":66},[52,19487,83],{"class":70},[52,19489,1371],{"class":74},[52,19491,71],{"class":70},[52,19493,913],{"class":66},[52,19495,19496,19498,19500,19502],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19497,142],{"class":141},[52,19499,145],{"class":66},[52,19501,18896],{"class":124},[52,19503,151],{"class":66},[43,19505,19506],{"className":45,"code":18856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19507,19508,19540,19562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19509,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19511,18863],{"class":58},[52,19513,63],{"class":62},[52,19515,9524],{"class":3251},[52,19517,121],{"class":66},[52,19519,17410],{"class":124},[52,19521,3336],{"class":66},[52,19523,71],{"class":70},[52,19525,257],{"class":74},[52,19527,71],{"class":70},[52,19529,91],{"class":66},[52,19531,83],{"class":70},[52,19533,345],{"class":74},[52,19535,71],{"class":70},[52,19537,18190],{"class":66},[52,19539,18124],{"class":66},[52,19541,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19543,18896],{"class":58},[52,19545,513],{"class":66},[52,19547,71],{"class":70},[52,19549,257],{"class":74},[52,19551,71],{"class":70},[52,19553,808],{"class":66},[52,19555,811],{"class":124},[52,19557,145],{"class":66},[52,19559,3339],{"class":103},[52,19561,151],{"class":66},[52,19563,19564,19566,19568,19570],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19565,142],{"class":141},[52,19567,145],{"class":66},[52,19569,18896],{"class":124},[52,19571,151],{"class":66},[43,19573,19575],{"className":45,"code":19574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19576,19577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19578,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19580,142],{"class":141},[52,19582,145],{"class":66},[52,19584,3573],{"class":3251},[52,19586,145],{"class":66},[52,19588,9176],{"class":3251},[52,19590,121],{"class":66},[52,19592,17410],{"class":124},[52,19594,3336],{"class":66},[52,19596,3339],{"class":103},[52,19598,91],{"class":66},[52,19600,1378],{"class":103},[52,19602,91],{"class":66},[52,19604,2801],{"class":103},[52,19606,18190],{"class":66},[52,19608,83],{"class":70},[52,19610,2823],{"class":74},[52,19612,71],{"class":70},[52,19614,3262],{"class":66},[38,19616,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,19618,2195,19620,19622],{"id":19619},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19621,17345],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19624,19625],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1335,19627,19629],{"id":19628},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19631,19632,19633,121],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19634,4133],{},[1335,19636,19638],{"id":19637},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19640,19641],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1335,19643,19645],{"id":19644},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19647,18280],{},[43,19649,19651],{"className":45,"code":19650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19652,19653,19685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19654,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19656,17369],{"class":58},[52,19658,63],{"class":62},[52,19660,755],{"class":66},[52,19662,71],{"class":70},[52,19664,257],{"class":74},[52,19666,71],{"class":70},[52,19668,91],{"class":66},[52,19670,83],{"class":70},[52,19672,345],{"class":74},[52,19674,71],{"class":70},[52,19676,91],{"class":66},[52,19678,83],{"class":70},[52,19680,10087],{"class":74},[52,19682,71],{"class":70},[52,19684,766],{"class":66},[52,19686,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19688,1815],{"class":58},[52,19690,63],{"class":62},[52,19692,67],{"class":66},[52,19694,2139],{"class":58},[52,19696,80],{"class":66},[52,19698,18332],{"class":66},[52,19700,4232],{"class":163},[52,19702,18337],{"class":58},[52,19704,4238],{"class":163},[52,19706,18342],{"class":58},[52,19708,107],{"class":66},[38,19710,2240],{"id":2239},[234,19712,19713,19717,19721,19725,19731],{},[237,19714,19715],{},[257,19716,2247],{"href":264},[237,19718,19719],{},[257,19720,260],{"href":259},[237,19722,19723],{},[257,19724,11594],{"href":18031},[237,19726,19727],{},[257,19728,2260,19729,2264],{"href":1305},[15,19730,2263],{},[237,19732,19733],{},[257,19734,2260,19735,2264],{"href":2312},[15,19736,17],{},[20,19738,222,19739,19741],{},[15,19740,17350],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2278,19743,19744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":19746},[19747,19748,19750,19754,19755,19757,19762,19764,19771,19780,19781,19788],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":17450,"depth":110,"text":19749},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17494,"depth":110,"text":17495,"children":19751},[19752,19753],{"id":17521,"depth":131,"text":17522},{"id":17545,"depth":131,"text":17546},{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":17706,"depth":110,"text":19756},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18035,"depth":110,"text":18036,"children":19758},[19759,19760,19761],{"id":18065,"depth":131,"text":18066},{"id":18228,"depth":131,"text":18229},{"id":18276,"depth":131,"text":18277},{"id":18440,"depth":110,"text":19763},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18598,"depth":110,"text":19765,"children":19766},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19767,19769,19770],{"id":18609,"depth":131,"text":19768},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18674,"depth":131,"text":18675},{"id":18748,"depth":131,"text":18749},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":19772},[19773,19774,19776,19778],{"id":18852,"depth":131,"text":18853},{"id":19035,"depth":131,"text":19775},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19169,"depth":131,"text":19777},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19322,"depth":131,"text":19779},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19413,"depth":110,"text":19414},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":19782},[19783,19785,19786,19787],{"id":19619,"depth":131,"text":19784},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19628,"depth":131,"text":19629},{"id":19637,"depth":131,"text":19638},{"id":19644,"depth":131,"text":19645},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17337,"description":19789},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19796,"title":19797,"body":19798,"description":21628,"extension":2310,"meta":21629,"navigation":134,"path":21630,"seo":21631,"stem":21632,"__hash__":21633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19799,"toc":21595},[19800,19805,19811,19822,19952,19959,19964,19968,19984,19986,20084,20087,20104,20108,20110,20115,20153,20156,20174,20176,20294,20299,20303,20319,20322,20458,20461,20466,20472,20475,20512,20515,20519,20524,20600,20604,20609,20691,20693,20709,20714,20718,20724,20793,20796,20813,20816,20898,20904,20907,20927,20931,20936,20942,20948,21019,21022,21028,21031,21105,21112,21118,21126,21136,21138,21233,21239,21244,21331,21337,21339,21344,21366,21369,21464,21467,21498,21511,21513,21521,21527,21533,21536,21542,21547,21554,21559,21561,21592],[10,19801,13,19803,18],{"id":19802},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19804,11084],{},[20,19806,19807,19808,19810],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19809,11084],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19812,19813,19814,2536,19817,2746,19819,19821],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19815,19816],{},"KeyError",[15,19818,11084],{},[15,19820,4133],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[43,19823,19825],{"className":45,"code":19824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19826,19827,19863,19867,19893,19918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19828,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19830,451],{"class":58},[52,19832,63],{"class":62},[52,19834,67],{"class":66},[52,19836,71],{"class":70},[52,19838,75],{"class":74},[52,19840,71],{"class":70},[52,19842,80],{"class":66},[52,19844,83],{"class":70},[52,19846,86],{"class":74},[52,19848,71],{"class":70},[52,19850,91],{"class":66},[52,19852,83],{"class":70},[52,19854,96],{"class":74},[52,19856,71],{"class":70},[52,19858,80],{"class":66},[52,19860,483],{"class":103},[52,19862,107],{"class":66},[52,19864,19865],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,19866,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,19868,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19870,142],{"class":141},[52,19872,145],{"class":66},[52,19874,17434],{"class":124},[52,19876,121],{"class":66},[52,19878,19879],{"class":124},"get",[52,19881,145],{"class":66},[52,19883,71],{"class":70},[52,19885,75],{"class":74},[52,19887,71],{"class":70},[52,19889,5715],{"class":66},[52,19891,19892],{"class":4017},"           # Ana\n",[52,19894,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,19896,142],{"class":141},[52,19898,145],{"class":66},[52,19900,17434],{"class":124},[52,19902,121],{"class":66},[52,19904,19879],{"class":124},[52,19906,145],{"class":66},[52,19908,71],{"class":70},[52,19910,10755],{"class":74},[52,19912,71],{"class":70},[52,19914,5715],{"class":66},[52,19916,19917],{"class":4017},"           # None\n",[52,19919,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19945,19947,19949],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,19921,142],{"class":141},[52,19923,145],{"class":66},[52,19925,17434],{"class":124},[52,19927,121],{"class":66},[52,19929,19879],{"class":124},[52,19931,145],{"class":66},[52,19933,71],{"class":70},[52,19935,10755],{"class":74},[52,19937,71],{"class":70},[52,19939,91],{"class":66},[52,19941,83],{"class":70},[52,19943,19944],{"class":74},"N\u002FA",[52,19946,71],{"class":70},[52,19948,5715],{"class":66},[52,19950,19951],{"class":4017},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19953,222,19954,19956,19957,121],{},[15,19955,11084],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19958,19816],{},[38,19960,4031,19962,4034],{"id":19961},"what-get-does",[15,19963,11084],{},[20,19965,2327,19966,11752],{},[15,19967,11084],{},[234,19969,19970,19973,19978,19981],{},[237,19971,19972],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[237,19974,11763,19975,19977],{},[15,19976,4133],{}," if the key does not exist",[237,19979,19980],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[237,19982,19983],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19985,309],{},[43,19987,19989],{"className":45,"code":19988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19990,19991,20030,20034,20059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19992,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20012,20014,20016,20018,20021,20023,20025,20028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19994,59],{"class":58},[52,19996,63],{"class":62},[52,19998,67],{"class":66},[52,20000,71],{"class":70},[52,20002,75],{"class":74},[52,20004,71],{"class":70},[52,20006,80],{"class":66},[52,20008,83],{"class":70},[52,20010,20011],{"class":74},"Lina",[52,20013,71],{"class":70},[52,20015,91],{"class":66},[52,20017,83],{"class":70},[52,20019,20020],{"class":74},"grade",[52,20022,71],{"class":70},[52,20024,80],{"class":66},[52,20026,20027],{"class":103}," 90",[52,20029,107],{"class":66},[52,20031,20032],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20033,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20035,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20037,142],{"class":141},[52,20039,145],{"class":66},[52,20041,887],{"class":124},[52,20043,121],{"class":66},[52,20045,19879],{"class":124},[52,20047,145],{"class":66},[52,20049,71],{"class":70},[52,20051,75],{"class":74},[52,20053,71],{"class":70},[52,20055,5715],{"class":66},[52,20057,20058],{"class":4017},"     # Lina\n",[52,20060,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,20062,142],{"class":141},[52,20064,145],{"class":66},[52,20066,887],{"class":124},[52,20068,121],{"class":66},[52,20070,19879],{"class":124},[52,20072,145],{"class":66},[52,20074,71],{"class":70},[52,20076,15384],{"class":74},[52,20078,71],{"class":70},[52,20080,5715],{"class":66},[52,20082,20083],{"class":4017},"    # None\n",[20,20085,20086],{},"In this example:",[234,20088,20089,20094],{},[237,20090,20091,20093],{},[15,20092,15365],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[237,20095,20096,20099,20100,2746,20102],{},[15,20097,20098],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20101,11084],{},[15,20103,4133],{},[20,20105,255,20106,121],{},[257,20107,260],{"href":9510},[38,20109,269],{"id":268},[20,20111,20112,20113,80],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20114,11084],{},[43,20116,20118],{"className":45,"code":20117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20119,20120,20134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20121,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20123,15730],{"class":58},[52,20125,121],{"class":66},[52,20127,19879],{"class":124},[52,20129,145],{"class":66},[52,20131,2139],{"class":124},[52,20133,151],{"class":66},[52,20135,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20151],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20137,15730],{"class":58},[52,20139,121],{"class":66},[52,20141,19879],{"class":124},[52,20143,145],{"class":66},[52,20145,2139],{"class":124},[52,20147,91],{"class":66},[52,20149,20150],{"class":124}," default_value",[52,20152,151],{"class":66},[20,20154,20155],{},"What each part means:",[234,20157,20158,20163,20169],{},[237,20159,20160,20162],{},[15,20161,2139],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[237,20164,20165,20168],{},[15,20166,20167],{},"default_value"," is optional",[237,20170,20171,20172],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20173,4133],{},[20,20175,309],{},[43,20177,20179],{"className":45,"code":20178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20180,20181,20205,20209,20234,20260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20182,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20184,1096],{"class":58},[52,20186,63],{"class":62},[52,20188,67],{"class":66},[52,20190,71],{"class":70},[52,20192,1105],{"class":74},[52,20194,71],{"class":70},[52,20196,80],{"class":66},[52,20198,83],{"class":70},[52,20200,1114],{"class":74},[52,20202,71],{"class":70},[52,20204,107],{"class":66},[52,20206,20207],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20208,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20210,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20212,142],{"class":141},[52,20214,145],{"class":66},[52,20216,1157],{"class":124},[52,20218,121],{"class":66},[52,20220,19879],{"class":124},[52,20222,145],{"class":66},[52,20224,71],{"class":70},[52,20226,1105],{"class":74},[52,20228,71],{"class":70},[52,20230,5715],{"class":66},[52,20232,20233],{"class":4017},"            # dark\n",[52,20235,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20253,20255,20257],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,20237,142],{"class":141},[52,20239,145],{"class":66},[52,20241,1157],{"class":124},[52,20243,121],{"class":66},[52,20245,19879],{"class":124},[52,20247,145],{"class":66},[52,20249,71],{"class":70},[52,20251,20252],{"class":74},"language",[52,20254,71],{"class":70},[52,20256,5715],{"class":66},[52,20258,20259],{"class":4017},"         # None\n",[52,20261,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20287,20289,20291],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,20263,142],{"class":141},[52,20265,145],{"class":66},[52,20267,1157],{"class":124},[52,20269,121],{"class":66},[52,20271,19879],{"class":124},[52,20273,145],{"class":66},[52,20275,71],{"class":70},[52,20277,20252],{"class":74},[52,20279,71],{"class":70},[52,20281,91],{"class":66},[52,20283,83],{"class":70},[52,20285,20286],{"class":74},"en",[52,20288,71],{"class":70},[52,20290,5715],{"class":66},[52,20292,20293],{"class":4017},"   # en\n",[38,20295,1063,20297],{"id":20296},"when-to-use-get",[15,20298,11084],{},[20,20300,222,20301,1070],{},[15,20302,11084],{},[234,20304,20305,20308,20313,20316],{},[237,20306,20307],{},"A key might not exist",[237,20309,20310,20311],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20312,19816],{},[237,20314,20315],{},"You are reading optional data",[237,20317,20318],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20320,20321],{},"Example with optional user data:",[43,20323,20325],{"className":45,"code":20324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20326,20327,20369,20373,20398,20424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20328,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20365,20367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20330,11825],{"class":58},[52,20332,63],{"class":62},[52,20334,67],{"class":66},[52,20336,71],{"class":70},[52,20338,8339],{"class":74},[52,20340,71],{"class":70},[52,20342,80],{"class":66},[52,20344,83],{"class":70},[52,20346,20347],{"class":74},"sam",[52,20349,71],{"class":70},[52,20351,91],{"class":66},[52,20353,83],{"class":70},[52,20355,15384],{"class":74},[52,20357,71],{"class":70},[52,20359,80],{"class":66},[52,20361,83],{"class":70},[52,20363,20364],{"class":74},"sam@example.com",[52,20366,71],{"class":70},[52,20368,107],{"class":66},[52,20370,20371],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20374,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20376,142],{"class":141},[52,20378,145],{"class":66},[52,20380,11916],{"class":124},[52,20382,121],{"class":66},[52,20384,19879],{"class":124},[52,20386,145],{"class":66},[52,20388,71],{"class":70},[52,20390,8339],{"class":74},[52,20392,71],{"class":70},[52,20394,5715],{"class":66},[52,20396,20397],{"class":4017},"              # sam\n",[52,20399,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20417,20419,20421],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,20401,142],{"class":141},[52,20403,145],{"class":66},[52,20405,11916],{"class":124},[52,20407,121],{"class":66},[52,20409,19879],{"class":124},[52,20411,145],{"class":66},[52,20413,71],{"class":70},[52,20415,20416],{"class":74},"phone",[52,20418,71],{"class":70},[52,20420,5715],{"class":66},[52,20422,20423],{"class":4017},"                 # None\n",[52,20425,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20451,20453,20455],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,20427,142],{"class":141},[52,20429,145],{"class":66},[52,20431,11916],{"class":124},[52,20433,121],{"class":66},[52,20435,19879],{"class":124},[52,20437,145],{"class":66},[52,20439,71],{"class":70},[52,20441,20416],{"class":74},[52,20443,71],{"class":70},[52,20445,91],{"class":66},[52,20447,83],{"class":70},[52,20449,20450],{"class":74},"Not provided",[52,20452,71],{"class":70},[52,20454,5715],{"class":66},[52,20456,20457],{"class":4017}," # Not provided\n",[20,20459,20460],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20462,20463,20464,121],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[257,20465,16724],{"href":16723},[38,20467,20469,20471],{"id":20468},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20470,11084],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20473,20474],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[43,20476,20478],{"className":45,"code":20477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20479,20480,20494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20483,1868],{"class":58},[52,20485,513],{"class":66},[52,20487,71],{"class":70},[52,20489,2139],{"class":74},[52,20491,71],{"class":70},[52,20493,766],{"class":66},[52,20495,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20497,1868],{"class":58},[52,20499,121],{"class":66},[52,20501,19879],{"class":124},[52,20503,145],{"class":66},[52,20505,71],{"class":70},[52,20507,2139],{"class":74},[52,20509,71],{"class":70},[52,20511,151],{"class":66},[20,20513,20514],{},"The difference is important.",[1335,20516,20518],{"id":20517},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20520,20521,20522,121],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20523,19816],{},[43,20525,20527],{"className":45,"code":20526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20528,20529,20553,20557,20579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20530,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20532,1815],{"class":58},[52,20534,63],{"class":62},[52,20536,67],{"class":66},[52,20538,71],{"class":70},[52,20540,75],{"class":74},[52,20542,71],{"class":70},[52,20544,80],{"class":66},[52,20546,83],{"class":70},[52,20548,86],{"class":74},[52,20550,71],{"class":70},[52,20552,107],{"class":66},[52,20554,20555],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20556,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20558,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20576],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20560,142],{"class":141},[52,20562,145],{"class":66},[52,20564,1868],{"class":124},[52,20566,513],{"class":66},[52,20568,71],{"class":70},[52,20570,75],{"class":74},[52,20572,71],{"class":70},[52,20574,20575],{"class":66},"])",[52,20577,20578],{"class":4017},"   # Ana\n",[52,20580,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,20582,142],{"class":141},[52,20584,145],{"class":66},[52,20586,1868],{"class":124},[52,20588,513],{"class":66},[52,20590,71],{"class":70},[52,20592,10755],{"class":74},[52,20594,71],{"class":70},[52,20596,20575],{"class":66},[52,20598,20599],{"class":4017},"   # KeyError\n",[1335,20601,20602],{"id":19879},[15,20603,11084],{},[20,20605,20606,20608],{},[15,20607,11084],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[43,20610,20612],{"className":45,"code":20611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20613,20614,20638,20642,20666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20615,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20617,1815],{"class":58},[52,20619,63],{"class":62},[52,20621,67],{"class":66},[52,20623,71],{"class":70},[52,20625,75],{"class":74},[52,20627,71],{"class":70},[52,20629,80],{"class":66},[52,20631,83],{"class":70},[52,20633,86],{"class":74},[52,20635,71],{"class":70},[52,20637,107],{"class":66},[52,20639,20640],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20641,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20643,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20645,142],{"class":141},[52,20647,145],{"class":66},[52,20649,1868],{"class":124},[52,20651,121],{"class":66},[52,20653,19879],{"class":124},[52,20655,145],{"class":66},[52,20657,71],{"class":70},[52,20659,75],{"class":74},[52,20661,71],{"class":70},[52,20663,5715],{"class":66},[52,20665,20578],{"class":4017},[52,20667,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,20669,142],{"class":141},[52,20671,145],{"class":66},[52,20673,1868],{"class":124},[52,20675,121],{"class":66},[52,20677,19879],{"class":124},[52,20679,145],{"class":66},[52,20681,71],{"class":70},[52,20683,10755],{"class":74},[52,20685,71],{"class":70},[52,20687,5715],{"class":66},[52,20689,20690],{"class":4017},"   # None\n",[20,20692,18823],{},[234,20694,20695,20701],{},[237,20696,20697,20698],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[33,20699,20700],{},"must exist",[237,20702,20703,20705,20706],{},[15,20704,11084],{}," when the key is ",[33,20707,20708],{},"optional",[20,20710,20711,20712,121],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[257,20713,11605],{"href":11418},[38,20715,20717],{"id":20716},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20719,20720,20721,20723],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20722,11084],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[43,20725,20727],{"className":45,"code":20726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20728,20729,20754,20758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20730,20731,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20732,20733],{"class":58},"profile ",[52,20735,63],{"class":62},[52,20737,67],{"class":66},[52,20739,71],{"class":70},[52,20741,75],{"class":74},[52,20743,71],{"class":70},[52,20745,80],{"class":66},[52,20747,83],{"class":70},[52,20749,8275],{"class":74},[52,20751,71],{"class":70},[52,20753,107],{"class":66},[52,20755,20756],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20757,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20759,20760,20762,20764,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20786,20788,20790],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20761,142],{"class":141},[52,20763,145],{"class":66},[52,20765,20766],{"class":124},"profile",[52,20768,121],{"class":66},[52,20770,19879],{"class":124},[52,20772,145],{"class":66},[52,20774,71],{"class":70},[52,20776,15387],{"class":74},[52,20778,71],{"class":70},[52,20780,91],{"class":66},[52,20782,83],{"class":70},[52,20784,20785],{"class":74},"Unknown",[52,20787,71],{"class":70},[52,20789,5715],{"class":66},[52,20791,20792],{"class":4017},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20794,20795],{},"This is useful for display text:",[234,20797,20798,20803,20808],{},[237,20799,20800],{},[15,20801,20802],{},"\"Unknown\"",[237,20804,20805],{},[15,20806,20807],{},"\"Not set\"",[237,20809,20810],{},[15,20811,20812],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20814,20815],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[43,20817,20819],{"className":45,"code":20818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20820,20821,20853,20857,20884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20822,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20824,5416],{"class":58},[52,20826,63],{"class":62},[52,20828,67],{"class":66},[52,20830,71],{"class":70},[52,20832,18545],{"class":74},[52,20834,71],{"class":70},[52,20836,80],{"class":66},[52,20838,1972],{"class":103},[52,20840,91],{"class":66},[52,20842,83],{"class":70},[52,20844,18554],{"class":74},[52,20846,71],{"class":70},[52,20848,80],{"class":66},[52,20850,6714],{"class":103},[52,20852,107],{"class":66},[52,20854,20855],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20856,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20858,20859,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20860,20861],{"class":58},"total_history ",[52,20863,63],{"class":62},[52,20865,5463],{"class":58},[52,20867,121],{"class":66},[52,20869,19879],{"class":124},[52,20871,145],{"class":66},[52,20873,71],{"class":70},[52,20875,18563],{"class":74},[52,20877,71],{"class":70},[52,20879,91],{"class":66},[52,20881,4189],{"class":103},[52,20883,151],{"class":66},[52,20885,20886,20888,20890,20893,20895],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,20887,142],{"class":141},[52,20889,145],{"class":66},[52,20891,20892],{"class":124},"total_history",[52,20894,4014],{"class":66},[52,20896,20897],{"class":4017},"   # 0\n",[20,20899,20900,20901,20903],{},"Here, ",[15,20902,2467],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20905,20906],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[234,20908,20909,20912,20917,20922],{},[237,20910,20911],{},"Use a string for text",[237,20913,222,20914,20916],{},[15,20915,2467],{}," for numbers",[237,20918,222,20919,20921],{},[15,20920,4142],{}," for lists if needed",[237,20923,222,20924,20926],{},[15,20925,4147],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[38,20928,20930],{"id":20929},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20932,20933,20934,121],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20935,11084],{},[1335,20937,20939,20941],{"id":20938},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20940,11084],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20943,20944,20945,20947],{},"This code does ",[33,20946,1332],{}," create a new key:",[43,20949,20951],{"className":45,"code":20950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20952,20953,20977,20981,21006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20954,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20956,451],{"class":58},[52,20958,63],{"class":62},[52,20960,67],{"class":66},[52,20962,71],{"class":70},[52,20964,75],{"class":74},[52,20966,71],{"class":70},[52,20968,80],{"class":66},[52,20970,83],{"class":70},[52,20972,86],{"class":74},[52,20974,71],{"class":70},[52,20976,107],{"class":66},[52,20978,20979],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,20980,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,20982,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20984,142],{"class":141},[52,20986,145],{"class":66},[52,20988,17434],{"class":124},[52,20990,121],{"class":66},[52,20992,19879],{"class":124},[52,20994,145],{"class":66},[52,20996,71],{"class":70},[52,20998,10755],{"class":74},[52,21000,71],{"class":70},[52,21002,5715],{"class":66},[52,21004,21005],{"class":4017},"  # None\n",[52,21007,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,21009,142],{"class":141},[52,21011,145],{"class":66},[52,21013,17434],{"class":124},[52,21015,4014],{"class":66},[52,21017,21018],{"class":4017},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21020,21021],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1335,21023,21025,21027],{"id":21024},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21026,11084],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21029,21030],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[43,21032,21034],{"className":45,"code":21033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21035,21036,21062,21066,21092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21037,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21049,21051,21053,21055,21058,21060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21039,1096],{"class":58},[52,21041,63],{"class":62},[52,21043,67],{"class":66},[52,21045,71],{"class":70},[52,21047,21048],{"class":74},"mode",[52,21050,71],{"class":70},[52,21052,80],{"class":66},[52,21054,83],{"class":70},[52,21056,21057],{"class":74},"light",[52,21059,71],{"class":70},[52,21061,107],{"class":66},[52,21063,21064],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21065,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,21067,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21069,1157],{"class":58},[52,21071,121],{"class":66},[52,21073,19879],{"class":124},[52,21075,145],{"class":66},[52,21077,71],{"class":70},[52,21079,1105],{"class":74},[52,21081,71],{"class":70},[52,21083,91],{"class":66},[52,21085,83],{"class":70},[52,21087,1114],{"class":74},[52,21089,71],{"class":70},[52,21091,151],{"class":66},[52,21093,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,21095,142],{"class":141},[52,21097,145],{"class":66},[52,21099,1157],{"class":124},[52,21101,4014],{"class":66},[52,21103,21104],{"class":4017},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21106,21107,21108,21111],{},"Even though ",[15,21109,21110],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1335,21113,21115,21116],{"id":21114},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21117,4133],{},[20,21119,21120,21121,2746,21123,21125],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21122,11084],{},[15,21124,4133],{}," because:",[234,21127,21128,21131],{},[237,21129,21130],{},"The key is missing, or",[237,21132,21133,21134],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21135,4133],{},[20,21137,309],{},[43,21139,21141],{"className":45,"code":21140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21142,21143,21180,21184,21208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21144,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21172,21174,21176,21178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21146,1815],{"class":58},[52,21148,63],{"class":62},[52,21150,67],{"class":66},[52,21152,71],{"class":70},[52,21154,75],{"class":74},[52,21156,71],{"class":70},[52,21158,80],{"class":66},[52,21160,83],{"class":70},[52,21162,86],{"class":74},[52,21164,71],{"class":70},[52,21166,91],{"class":66},[52,21168,83],{"class":70},[52,21170,21171],{"class":74},"nickname",[52,21173,71],{"class":70},[52,21175,80],{"class":66},[52,21177,4208],{"class":218},[52,21179,107],{"class":66},[52,21181,21182],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21183,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,21185,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21187,142],{"class":141},[52,21189,145],{"class":66},[52,21191,1868],{"class":124},[52,21193,121],{"class":66},[52,21195,19879],{"class":124},[52,21197,145],{"class":66},[52,21199,71],{"class":70},[52,21201,21171],{"class":74},[52,21203,71],{"class":70},[52,21205,5715],{"class":66},[52,21207,21005],{"class":4017},[52,21209,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,21211,142],{"class":141},[52,21213,145],{"class":66},[52,21215,1868],{"class":124},[52,21217,121],{"class":66},[52,21219,19879],{"class":124},[52,21221,145],{"class":66},[52,21223,71],{"class":70},[52,21225,10755],{"class":74},[52,21227,71],{"class":70},[52,21229,5715],{"class":66},[52,21231,21232],{"class":4017},"      # None\n",[20,21234,21235,21236,21238],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21237,4133],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21240,21241,21242,80],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21243,4238],{},[43,21245,21247],{"className":45,"code":21246,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21248,21249,21285,21289,21310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21250,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21252,1815],{"class":58},[52,21254,63],{"class":62},[52,21256,67],{"class":66},[52,21258,71],{"class":70},[52,21260,75],{"class":74},[52,21262,71],{"class":70},[52,21264,80],{"class":66},[52,21266,83],{"class":70},[52,21268,86],{"class":74},[52,21270,71],{"class":70},[52,21272,91],{"class":66},[52,21274,83],{"class":70},[52,21276,21171],{"class":74},[52,21278,71],{"class":70},[52,21280,80],{"class":66},[52,21282,4208],{"class":218},[52,21284,107],{"class":66},[52,21286,21287],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21288,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,21290,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21304,21306,21308],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21292,142],{"class":141},[52,21294,145],{"class":66},[52,21296,71],{"class":70},[52,21298,21171],{"class":74},[52,21300,71],{"class":70},[52,21302,21303],{"class":163}," in",[52,21305,1853],{"class":124},[52,21307,4014],{"class":66},[52,21309,4018],{"class":4017},[52,21311,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,21313,142],{"class":141},[52,21315,145],{"class":66},[52,21317,71],{"class":70},[52,21319,10755],{"class":74},[52,21321,71],{"class":70},[52,21323,21303],{"class":163},[52,21325,1853],{"class":124},[52,21327,4014],{"class":66},[52,21329,21330],{"class":4017},"      # False\n",[20,21332,21333,21334,121],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[257,21335,21336],{"href":17280},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[38,21338,2022],{"id":2021},[20,21340,21341,21342,80],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21343,11084],{},[234,21345,21346,21351,21358,21363],{},[237,21347,21348,21349],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21350,19816],{},[237,21352,5058,21353,2746,21355,21357],{},[15,21354,11084],{},[15,21356,4133],{}," if no default is provided",[237,21359,2040,21360,21362],{},[15,21361,11084],{}," creates a key automatically",[237,21364,21365],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21367,21368],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[43,21370,21372],{"className":45,"code":21371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21373,21374,21384,21398,21416,21438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21375,21376,21378,21380,21382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21377,142],{"class":141},[52,21379,145],{"class":66},[52,21381,11789],{"class":124},[52,21383,151],{"class":66},[52,21385,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21387,142],{"class":141},[52,21389,145],{"class":66},[52,21391,11789],{"class":124},[52,21393,121],{"class":66},[52,21395,17050],{"class":124},[52,21397,7547],{"class":66},[52,21399,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21401,142],{"class":141},[52,21403,145],{"class":66},[52,21405,186],{"class":70},[52,21407,75],{"class":74},[52,21409,186],{"class":70},[52,21411,21303],{"class":163},[52,21413,12099],{"class":124},[52,21415,151],{"class":66},[52,21417,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,21419,142],{"class":141},[52,21421,145],{"class":66},[52,21423,11789],{"class":124},[52,21425,121],{"class":66},[52,21427,19879],{"class":124},[52,21429,145],{"class":66},[52,21431,186],{"class":70},[52,21433,75],{"class":74},[52,21435,186],{"class":70},[52,21437,2120],{"class":66},[52,21439,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,21441,142],{"class":141},[52,21443,145],{"class":66},[52,21445,3573],{"class":3251},[52,21447,145],{"class":66},[52,21449,11789],{"class":124},[52,21451,121],{"class":66},[52,21453,19879],{"class":124},[52,21455,145],{"class":66},[52,21457,186],{"class":70},[52,21459,75],{"class":74},[52,21461,186],{"class":70},[52,21463,3262],{"class":66},[20,21465,21466],{},"What these checks tell you:",[234,21468,21469,21474,21480,21486,21492],{},[237,21470,21471,21473],{},[15,21472,13004],{}," shows the full dictionary",[237,21475,21476,21479],{},[15,21477,21478],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[237,21481,21482,21485],{},[15,21483,21484],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[237,21487,21488,21491],{},[15,21489,21490],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[237,21493,21494,21497],{},[15,21495,21496],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21499,21500,21501,2218,21506,21510],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[257,21502,21503,21504,2264],{"href":17189},"the dictionary ",[15,21505,17192],{},[257,21507,21503,21508,2264],{"href":17202},[15,21509,17205],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[38,21512,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,21514,2195,21516,21518,21519,2221],{"id":21515},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21517,11084],{}," raise ",[15,21520,19816],{},[20,21522,21523,21524,21526],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21525,4133],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1335,21528,2195,21530,21532],{"id":21529},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21531,11084],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21534,21535],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1335,21537,21539,21540,2221],{"id":21538},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21541,11084],{},[20,21543,21544,21546],{},[15,21545,4133],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1335,21548,21550,21551,21553],{"id":21549},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21552,11084],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21555,222,21556,21558],{},[15,21557,11084],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[38,21560,2240],{"id":2239},[234,21562,21563,21567,21573,21579,21583,21588],{},[237,21564,21565],{},[257,21566,260],{"href":9510},[237,21568,21569],{},[257,21570,2260,21571,2264],{"href":17189},[15,21572,17192],{},[237,21574,21575],{},[257,21576,2260,21577,2264],{"href":17202},[15,21578,17205],{},[237,21580,21581],{},[257,21582,17281],{"href":17280},[237,21584,21585],{},[257,21586,21587],{"href":16723},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[237,21589,21590],{},[257,21591,11605],{"href":11418},[2278,21593,21594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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brackets",[21605,21606],{"id":20517,"depth":131,"text":20518},{"id":19879,"depth":131,"text":11084},{"id":20716,"depth":110,"text":20717},{"id":20929,"depth":110,"text":20930,"children":21609},[21610,21612,21614],{"id":20938,"depth":131,"text":21611},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21024,"depth":131,"text":21613},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21114,"depth":131,"text":21615},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":21618},[21619,21621,21623,21625],{"id":21515,"depth":131,"text":21620},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21529,"depth":131,"text":21622},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21538,"depth":131,"text":21624},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21549,"depth":131,"text":21626},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19797,"description":21628},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21635,"title":21636,"body":21637,"description":24194,"extension":2310,"meta":24195,"navigation":134,"path":24196,"seo":24197,"stem":24198,"__hash__":24199},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21638,"toc":24160},[21639,21644,21650,21656,21658,21740,21744,21761,21766,21771,21776,21778,21792,21794,21857,21861,21901,21909,21911,21913,21928,21931,21944,21946,22025,22029,22095,22097,22101,22109,22111,22122,22124,22234,22238,22317,22323,22329,22334,22447,22451,22483,22486,22593,22599,22606,22610,22613,22716,22720,22781,22784,22787,22798,22807,22810,22827,22829,22928,22932,23007,23010,23033,23038,23043,23060,23062,23183,23187,23221,23223,23228,23235,23245,23247,23325,23328,23399,23409,23412,23444,23447,23486,23492,23499,23502,23593,23597,23678,23684,23687,23690,23795,23798,23801,23923,23927,23930,23997,24001,24038,24044,24046,24052,24057,24063,24070,24076,24079,24118,24124,24127,24129,24157],[10,21640,13,21642,18],{"id":21641},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21643,17205],{},[20,21645,2327,21646,21649],{},[15,21647,21648],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21651,21652,21653,21655],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21654,17205],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[38,21657,41],{"id":40},[43,21659,21661],{"className":45,"code":21660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21662,21663,21699,21703,21726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21664,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21666,451],{"class":58},[52,21668,63],{"class":62},[52,21670,67],{"class":66},[52,21672,71],{"class":70},[52,21674,75],{"class":74},[52,21676,71],{"class":70},[52,21678,80],{"class":66},[52,21680,83],{"class":70},[52,21682,86],{"class":74},[52,21684,71],{"class":70},[52,21686,91],{"class":66},[52,21688,83],{"class":70},[52,21690,96],{"class":74},[52,21692,71],{"class":70},[52,21694,80],{"class":66},[52,21696,483],{"class":103},[52,21698,107],{"class":66},[52,21700,21701],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21702,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,21704,21705,21707,21710,21712,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21706,6312],{"class":163},[52,21708,21709],{"class":58}," key",[52,21711,91],{"class":66},[52,21713,21714],{"class":58}," value ",[52,21716,4238],{"class":163},[52,21718,495],{"class":58},[52,21720,121],{"class":66},[52,21722,8163],{"class":124},[52,21724,21725],{"class":66},"():\n",[52,21727,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,21729,8423],{"class":141},[52,21731,145],{"class":66},[52,21733,2139],{"class":124},[52,21735,91],{"class":66},[52,21737,8787],{"class":124},[52,21739,151],{"class":66},[20,21741,21742],{},[33,21743,173],{},[43,21745,21747],{"className":45,"code":21746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21748,21749,21754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21750,21751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21752,21753],{"class":58},"name Ana\n",[52,21755,21756,21759],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21757,21758],{"class":58},"age ",[52,21760,3059],{"class":103},[20,21762,222,21763,21765],{},[15,21764,17205],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[38,21767,4031,21769,4034],{"id":21768},"what-items-does",[15,21770,17205],{},[20,21772,21773,21775],{},[15,21774,17205],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21777,11798],{},[234,21779,21780,21786,21789],{},[237,21781,21782,21783],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21784,21785],{},"(key, value)",[237,21787,21788],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[237,21790,21791],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21793,309],{},[43,21795,21797],{"className":45,"code":21796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21798,21799,21835,21839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21800,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21802,451],{"class":58},[52,21804,63],{"class":62},[52,21806,67],{"class":66},[52,21808,71],{"class":70},[52,21810,75],{"class":74},[52,21812,71],{"class":70},[52,21814,80],{"class":66},[52,21816,83],{"class":70},[52,21818,86],{"class":74},[52,21820,71],{"class":70},[52,21822,91],{"class":66},[52,21824,83],{"class":70},[52,21826,96],{"class":74},[52,21828,71],{"class":70},[52,21830,80],{"class":66},[52,21832,483],{"class":103},[52,21834,107],{"class":66},[52,21836,21837],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21838,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,21840,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21842,142],{"class":141},[52,21844,145],{"class":66},[52,21846,8448],{"class":3251},[52,21848,145],{"class":66},[52,21850,17434],{"class":124},[52,21852,121],{"class":66},[52,21854,8163],{"class":124},[52,21856,6644],{"class":66},[20,21858,21859],{},[33,21860,173],{},[43,21862,21864],{"className":45,"code":21863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21865,21866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21867,21868,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21869,21870],{"class":66},"[(",[52,21872,186],{"class":70},[52,21874,75],{"class":74},[52,21876,186],{"class":70},[52,21878,91],{"class":66},[52,21880,195],{"class":70},[52,21882,86],{"class":74},[52,21884,186],{"class":70},[52,21886,2110],{"class":66},[52,21888,9588],{"class":66},[52,21890,186],{"class":70},[52,21892,96],{"class":74},[52,21894,186],{"class":70},[52,21896,91],{"class":66},[52,21898,483],{"class":103},[52,21900,9601],{"class":66},[20,21902,21903,21904,261,21906,121],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[257,21905,260],{"href":259},[257,21907,15150],{"href":21908},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[38,21910,269],{"id":268},[20,21912,5788],{},[43,21914,21916],{"className":45,"code":21915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21917,21918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21919,21920,21922,21924,21926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21921,11789],{"class":58},[52,21923,121],{"class":66},[52,21925,8163],{"class":124},[52,21927,128],{"class":66},[20,21929,21930],{},"Things to remember:",[234,21932,21933,21938,21941],{},[237,21934,21935,21937],{},[15,21936,17205],{}," does not take any arguments",[237,21939,21940],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[237,21942,21943],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21945,309],{},[43,21947,21949],{"className":45,"code":21948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21950,21951,21983,21987,22001,22005,22015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21952,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21954,5416],{"class":58},[52,21956,63],{"class":62},[52,21958,67],{"class":66},[52,21960,71],{"class":70},[52,21962,5356],{"class":74},[52,21964,71],{"class":70},[52,21966,80],{"class":66},[52,21968,20027],{"class":103},[52,21970,91],{"class":66},[52,21972,83],{"class":70},[52,21974,5365],{"class":74},[52,21976,71],{"class":70},[52,21978,80],{"class":66},[52,21980,763],{"class":103},[52,21982,107],{"class":66},[52,21984,21985],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,21986,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,21988,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21990,2577],{"class":58},[52,21992,63],{"class":62},[52,21994,5463],{"class":58},[52,21996,121],{"class":66},[52,21998,8163],{"class":124},[52,22000,128],{"class":66},[52,22002,22003],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22004,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22006,22007,22009,22011,22013],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,22008,142],{"class":141},[52,22010,145],{"class":66},[52,22012,2612],{"class":124},[52,22014,151],{"class":66},[52,22016,22017,22019,22021,22023],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,22018,142],{"class":141},[52,22020,145],{"class":66},[52,22022,16515],{"class":124},[52,22024,151],{"class":66},[20,22026,22027],{},[33,22028,173],{},[43,22030,22032],{"className":45,"code":22031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22033,22034,22067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22035,22036,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22037,22038],{"class":124},"dict_items",[52,22040,10005],{"class":66},[52,22042,186],{"class":70},[52,22044,5356],{"class":74},[52,22046,186],{"class":70},[52,22048,91],{"class":66},[52,22050,20027],{"class":103},[52,22052,2110],{"class":66},[52,22054,9588],{"class":66},[52,22056,186],{"class":70},[52,22058,5365],{"class":74},[52,22060,186],{"class":70},[52,22062,91],{"class":66},[52,22064,763],{"class":103},[52,22066,11024],{"class":66},[52,22068,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22070,183],{"class":66},[52,22072,186],{"class":70},[52,22074,5356],{"class":74},[52,22076,186],{"class":70},[52,22078,80],{"class":66},[52,22080,20027],{"class":103},[52,22082,91],{"class":66},[52,22084,195],{"class":70},[52,22086,5365],{"class":74},[52,22088,186],{"class":70},[52,22090,80],{"class":66},[52,22092,763],{"class":103},[52,22094,107],{"class":66},[20,22096,21021],{},[38,22098,22100],{"id":22099},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22102,22103,22105,22106,22108],{},[15,22104,17205],{}," returns a ",[15,22107,22038],{}," view object.",[20,22110,694],{},[234,22112,22113,22116,22119],{},[237,22114,22115],{},"You can loop over it",[237,22117,22118],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[237,22120,22121],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22123,309],{},[43,22125,22127],{"className":45,"code":22126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22128,22129,22161,22175,22179,22193,22197,22216,22220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22130,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22132,1815],{"class":58},[52,22134,63],{"class":62},[52,22136,67],{"class":66},[52,22138,71],{"class":70},[52,22140,1357],{"class":74},[52,22142,71],{"class":70},[52,22144,80],{"class":66},[52,22146,1364],{"class":103},[52,22148,91],{"class":66},[52,22150,83],{"class":70},[52,22152,1371],{"class":74},[52,22154,71],{"class":70},[52,22156,80],{"class":66},[52,22158,1378],{"class":103},[52,22160,107],{"class":66},[52,22162,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22164,9568],{"class":58},[52,22166,63],{"class":62},[52,22168,1853],{"class":58},[52,22170,121],{"class":66},[52,22172,8163],{"class":124},[52,22174,128],{"class":66},[52,22176,22177],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22178,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22180,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22182,142],{"class":141},[52,22184,145],{"class":66},[52,22186,8448],{"class":3251},[52,22188,145],{"class":66},[52,22190,9614],{"class":124},[52,22192,2120],{"class":66},[52,22194,22195],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,22196,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22198,22199,22201,22203,22205,22208,22210,22212,22214],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,22200,1868],{"class":58},[52,22202,513],{"class":66},[52,22204,71],{"class":70},[52,22206,22207],{"class":74},"z",[52,22209,71],{"class":70},[52,22211,522],{"class":66},[52,22213,525],{"class":62},[52,22215,2928],{"class":103},[52,22217,22218],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,22219,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22221,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,22223,142],{"class":141},[52,22225,145],{"class":66},[52,22227,8448],{"class":3251},[52,22229,145],{"class":66},[52,22231,9614],{"class":124},[52,22233,2120],{"class":66},[20,22235,22236],{},[33,22237,173],{},[43,22239,22241],{"className":45,"code":22240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22242,22243,22273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22244,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22246,21870],{"class":66},[52,22248,186],{"class":70},[52,22250,1357],{"class":74},[52,22252,186],{"class":70},[52,22254,91],{"class":66},[52,22256,1364],{"class":103},[52,22258,2110],{"class":66},[52,22260,9588],{"class":66},[52,22262,186],{"class":70},[52,22264,1371],{"class":74},[52,22266,186],{"class":70},[52,22268,91],{"class":66},[52,22270,1378],{"class":103},[52,22272,9601],{"class":66},[52,22274,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22276,21870],{"class":66},[52,22278,186],{"class":70},[52,22280,1357],{"class":74},[52,22282,186],{"class":70},[52,22284,91],{"class":66},[52,22286,1364],{"class":103},[52,22288,2110],{"class":66},[52,22290,9588],{"class":66},[52,22292,186],{"class":70},[52,22294,1371],{"class":74},[52,22296,186],{"class":70},[52,22298,91],{"class":66},[52,22300,1378],{"class":103},[52,22302,2110],{"class":66},[52,22304,9588],{"class":66},[52,22306,186],{"class":70},[52,22308,22207],{"class":74},[52,22310,186],{"class":70},[52,22312,91],{"class":66},[52,22314,2801],{"class":103},[52,22316,9601],{"class":66},[20,22318,22319,22320,22322],{},"This happens because ",[15,22321,9614],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[38,22324,22326,22327],{"id":22325},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22328,17205],{},[20,22330,22331,22332,80],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22333,17205],{},[43,22335,22337],{"className":45,"code":22336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22338,22339,22392,22396,22416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22340,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22342,59],{"class":58},[52,22344,63],{"class":62},[52,22346,67],{"class":66},[52,22348,71],{"class":70},[52,22350,75],{"class":74},[52,22352,71],{"class":70},[52,22354,80],{"class":66},[52,22356,83],{"class":70},[52,22358,8275],{"class":74},[52,22360,71],{"class":70},[52,22362,91],{"class":66},[52,22364,83],{"class":70},[52,22366,20020],{"class":74},[52,22368,71],{"class":70},[52,22370,80],{"class":66},[52,22372,83],{"class":70},[52,22374,22375],{"class":74},"A",[52,22377,71],{"class":70},[52,22379,91],{"class":66},[52,22381,83],{"class":70},[52,22383,96],{"class":74},[52,22385,71],{"class":70},[52,22387,80],{"class":66},[52,22389,1130],{"class":103},[52,22391,107],{"class":66},[52,22393,22394],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22395,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22397,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22399,6312],{"class":163},[52,22401,21709],{"class":58},[52,22403,91],{"class":66},[52,22405,21714],{"class":58},[52,22407,4238],{"class":163},[52,22409,118],{"class":58},[52,22411,121],{"class":66},[52,22413,8163],{"class":124},[52,22415,21725],{"class":66},[52,22417,22418,22420,22422,22425,22427,22429,22431,22434,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22419,8423],{"class":141},[52,22421,145],{"class":66},[52,22423,22424],{"class":2413},"f",[52,22426,71],{"class":74},[52,22428,183],{"class":103},[52,22430,2139],{"class":124},[52,22432,22433],{"class":103},"}",[52,22435,22436],{"class":74},": ",[52,22438,183],{"class":103},[52,22440,2823],{"class":124},[52,22442,22433],{"class":103},[52,22444,71],{"class":74},[52,22446,151],{"class":66},[20,22448,22449],{},[33,22450,173],{},[43,22452,22454],{"className":45,"code":22453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22455,22456,22465,22474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22457,22458,22460,22462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22459,75],{"class":58},[52,22461,80],{"class":66},[52,22463,22464],{"class":58}," Mia\n",[52,22466,22467,22469,22471],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22468,20020],{"class":58},[52,22470,80],{"class":66},[52,22472,22473],{"class":58}," A\n",[52,22475,22476,22478,22480],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22477,96],{"class":58},[52,22479,80],{"class":66},[52,22481,22482],{"class":103}," 14\n",[20,22484,22485],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[43,22487,22489],{"className":45,"code":22488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22490,22491,22543,22547,22559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22492,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22494,59],{"class":58},[52,22496,63],{"class":62},[52,22498,67],{"class":66},[52,22500,71],{"class":70},[52,22502,75],{"class":74},[52,22504,71],{"class":70},[52,22506,80],{"class":66},[52,22508,83],{"class":70},[52,22510,8275],{"class":74},[52,22512,71],{"class":70},[52,22514,91],{"class":66},[52,22516,83],{"class":70},[52,22518,20020],{"class":74},[52,22520,71],{"class":70},[52,22522,80],{"class":66},[52,22524,83],{"class":70},[52,22526,22375],{"class":74},[52,22528,71],{"class":70},[52,22530,91],{"class":66},[52,22532,83],{"class":70},[52,22534,96],{"class":74},[52,22536,71],{"class":70},[52,22538,80],{"class":66},[52,22540,1130],{"class":103},[52,22542,107],{"class":66},[52,22544,22545],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22546,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22548,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22550,6312],{"class":163},[52,22552,18337],{"class":58},[52,22554,4238],{"class":163},[52,22556,118],{"class":58},[52,22558,6748],{"class":66},[52,22560,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22562,8423],{"class":141},[52,22564,145],{"class":66},[52,22566,22424],{"class":2413},[52,22568,71],{"class":74},[52,22570,183],{"class":103},[52,22572,2139],{"class":124},[52,22574,22433],{"class":103},[52,22576,22436],{"class":74},[52,22578,183],{"class":103},[52,22580,887],{"class":124},[52,22582,513],{"class":66},[52,22584,2139],{"class":124},[52,22586,522],{"class":66},[52,22588,22433],{"class":103},[52,22590,71],{"class":74},[52,22592,151],{"class":66},[20,22594,6862,22595,22598],{},[15,22596,22597],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22600,22601,22602,121],{},"For a full guide, see ",[257,22603,22605],{"href":22604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[38,22607,22609],{"id":22608},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22611,22612],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[43,22614,22616],{"className":45,"code":22615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22617,22618,22677,22681,22701,22705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22619,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22655,22657,22659,22661,22664,22666,22668,22670,22673,22675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22621,319],{"class":58},[52,22623,63],{"class":62},[52,22625,67],{"class":66},[52,22627,71],{"class":70},[52,22629,4432],{"class":74},[52,22631,71],{"class":70},[52,22633,80],{"class":66},[52,22635,83],{"class":70},[52,22637,336],{"class":74},[52,22639,71],{"class":70},[52,22641,91],{"class":66},[52,22643,83],{"class":70},[52,22645,4441],{"class":74},[52,22647,71],{"class":70},[52,22649,80],{"class":66},[52,22651,83],{"class":70},[52,22653,22654],{"class":74},"yellow",[52,22656,71],{"class":70},[52,22658,91],{"class":66},[52,22660,83],{"class":70},[52,22662,22663],{"class":74},"grape",[52,22665,71],{"class":70},[52,22667,80],{"class":66},[52,22669,83],{"class":70},[52,22671,22672],{"class":74},"purple",[52,22674,71],{"class":70},[52,22676,107],{"class":66},[52,22678,22679],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22680,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22682,22683,22686,22688,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22684,22685],{"class":58},"pairs_list ",[52,22687,63],{"class":62},[52,22689,22690],{"class":3251}," list",[52,22692,145],{"class":66},[52,22694,17630],{"class":124},[52,22696,121],{"class":66},[52,22698,8163],{"class":124},[52,22700,7547],{"class":66},[52,22702,22703],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22704,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22706,22707,22709,22711,22714],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,22708,142],{"class":141},[52,22710,145],{"class":66},[52,22712,22713],{"class":124},"pairs_list",[52,22715,151],{"class":66},[20,22717,22718],{},[33,22719,173],{},[43,22721,22723],{"className":45,"code":22722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22724,22725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22726,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22728,21870],{"class":66},[52,22730,186],{"class":70},[52,22732,4432],{"class":74},[52,22734,186],{"class":70},[52,22736,91],{"class":66},[52,22738,195],{"class":70},[52,22740,336],{"class":74},[52,22742,186],{"class":70},[52,22744,2110],{"class":66},[52,22746,9588],{"class":66},[52,22748,186],{"class":70},[52,22750,4441],{"class":74},[52,22752,186],{"class":70},[52,22754,91],{"class":66},[52,22756,195],{"class":70},[52,22758,22654],{"class":74},[52,22760,186],{"class":70},[52,22762,2110],{"class":66},[52,22764,9588],{"class":66},[52,22766,186],{"class":70},[52,22768,22663],{"class":74},[52,22770,186],{"class":70},[52,22772,91],{"class":66},[52,22774,195],{"class":70},[52,22776,22672],{"class":74},[52,22778,186],{"class":70},[52,22780,9601],{"class":66},[20,22782,22783],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22785,22786],{},"Use this when:",[234,22788,22789,22792,22795],{},[237,22790,22791],{},"You want clearer printed output",[237,22793,22794],{},"You need list behavior",[237,22796,22797],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[38,22799,22801,10931,22803,10931,22805],{"id":22800},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22802,17205],{},[15,22804,17192],{},[15,22806,17198],{},[20,22808,22809],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[234,22811,22812,22817,22822],{},[237,22813,22814,22816],{},[15,22815,17205],{}," gives both key and value",[237,22818,22819,22821],{},[15,22820,17192],{}," gives only keys",[237,22823,22824,22826],{},[15,22825,17198],{}," gives only values",[20,22828,309],{},[43,22830,22832],{"className":45,"code":22831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22833,22834,22870,22874,22892,22910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22835,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22837,451],{"class":58},[52,22839,63],{"class":62},[52,22841,67],{"class":66},[52,22843,71],{"class":70},[52,22845,75],{"class":74},[52,22847,71],{"class":70},[52,22849,80],{"class":66},[52,22851,83],{"class":70},[52,22853,86],{"class":74},[52,22855,71],{"class":70},[52,22857,91],{"class":66},[52,22859,83],{"class":70},[52,22861,96],{"class":74},[52,22863,71],{"class":70},[52,22865,80],{"class":66},[52,22867,483],{"class":103},[52,22869,107],{"class":66},[52,22871,22872],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,22875,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22877,142],{"class":141},[52,22879,145],{"class":66},[52,22881,8448],{"class":3251},[52,22883,145],{"class":66},[52,22885,17434],{"class":124},[52,22887,121],{"class":66},[52,22889,17050],{"class":124},[52,22891,6644],{"class":66},[52,22893,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22895,142],{"class":141},[52,22897,145],{"class":66},[52,22899,8448],{"class":3251},[52,22901,145],{"class":66},[52,22903,17434],{"class":124},[52,22905,121],{"class":66},[52,22907,5712],{"class":124},[52,22909,6644],{"class":66},[52,22911,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,22913,142],{"class":141},[52,22915,145],{"class":66},[52,22917,8448],{"class":3251},[52,22919,145],{"class":66},[52,22921,17434],{"class":124},[52,22923,121],{"class":66},[52,22925,8163],{"class":124},[52,22927,6644],{"class":66},[20,22929,22930],{},[33,22931,173],{},[43,22933,22935],{"className":45,"code":22934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22936,22937,22957,22973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22938,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22940,513],{"class":66},[52,22942,186],{"class":70},[52,22944,75],{"class":74},[52,22946,186],{"class":70},[52,22948,91],{"class":66},[52,22950,195],{"class":70},[52,22952,96],{"class":74},[52,22954,186],{"class":70},[52,22956,766],{"class":66},[52,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,22960,513],{"class":66},[52,22962,186],{"class":70},[52,22964,86],{"class":74},[52,22966,186],{"class":70},[52,22968,91],{"class":66},[52,22970,483],{"class":103},[52,22972,766],{"class":66},[52,22974,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22976,21870],{"class":66},[52,22978,186],{"class":70},[52,22980,75],{"class":74},[52,22982,186],{"class":70},[52,22984,91],{"class":66},[52,22986,195],{"class":70},[52,22988,86],{"class":74},[52,22990,186],{"class":70},[52,22992,2110],{"class":66},[52,22994,9588],{"class":66},[52,22996,186],{"class":70},[52,22998,96],{"class":74},[52,23000,186],{"class":70},[52,23002,91],{"class":66},[52,23004,483],{"class":103},[52,23006,9601],{"class":66},[20,23008,23009],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[234,23011,23012,23020,23028],{},[237,23013,23014,23015],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[257,23016,23018],{"href":23017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23019,17192],{},[237,23021,23022,23023],{},"Need just values? Use ",[257,23024,23026],{"href":23025},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23027,17198],{},[237,23029,23030,23031],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23032,17205],{},[38,23034,1063,23036],{"id":23035},"when-to-use-items",[15,23037,17205],{},[20,23039,23040,23042],{},[15,23041,17205],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[234,23044,23045,23048,23051,23054,23057],{},[237,23046,23047],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[237,23049,23050],{},"Building formatted output",[237,23052,23053],{},"Looping through settings and values",[237,23055,23056],{},"Showing names with scores",[237,23058,23059],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23061,309],{},[43,23063,23065],{"className":45,"code":23064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23066,23067,23075,23093,23112,23124,23128,23132,23153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23068,23069,23071,23073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23070,1096],{"class":58},[52,23072,63],{"class":62},[52,23074,721],{"class":66},[52,23076,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23078,726],{"class":70},[52,23080,1105],{"class":74},[52,23082,71],{"class":70},[52,23084,80],{"class":66},[52,23086,83],{"class":70},[52,23088,1114],{"class":74},[52,23090,71],{"class":70},[52,23092,741],{"class":66},[52,23094,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23108,23110],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23096,726],{"class":70},[52,23098,20252],{"class":74},[52,23100,71],{"class":70},[52,23102,80],{"class":66},[52,23104,83],{"class":70},[52,23106,23107],{"class":74},"English",[52,23109,71],{"class":70},[52,23111,741],{"class":66},[52,23113,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23115,726],{"class":70},[52,23117,18653],{"class":74},[52,23119,71],{"class":70},[52,23121,80],{"class":66},[52,23123,6777],{"class":218},[52,23125,23126],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,23127,107],{"class":66},[52,23129,23130],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,23131,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23133,23134,23136,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,23135,6312],{"class":163},[52,23137,23138],{"class":58}," setting",[52,23140,91],{"class":66},[52,23142,21714],{"class":58},[52,23144,4238],{"class":163},[52,23146,1142],{"class":58},[52,23148,121],{"class":66},[52,23150,8163],{"class":124},[52,23152,21725],{"class":66},[52,23154,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23168,23170,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,23156,8423],{"class":141},[52,23158,145],{"class":66},[52,23160,22424],{"class":2413},[52,23162,71],{"class":74},[52,23164,183],{"class":103},[52,23166,23167],{"class":124},"setting",[52,23169,22433],{"class":103},[52,23171,23172],{"class":74}," = ",[52,23174,183],{"class":103},[52,23176,2823],{"class":124},[52,23178,22433],{"class":103},[52,23180,71],{"class":74},[52,23182,151],{"class":66},[20,23184,23185],{},[33,23186,173],{},[43,23188,23190],{"className":45,"code":23189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23191,23192,23202,23212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23193,23194,23197,23199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23195,23196],{"class":58},"theme ",[52,23198,63],{"class":62},[52,23200,23201],{"class":58}," dark\n",[52,23203,23204,23207,23209],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23205,23206],{"class":58},"language ",[52,23208,63],{"class":62},[52,23210,23211],{"class":58}," English\n",[52,23213,23214,23217,23219],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23215,23216],{"class":58},"notifications ",[52,23218,63],{"class":62},[52,23220,6777],{"class":218},[38,23222,2022],{"id":2021},[20,23224,23225,23226,121],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23227,17205],{},[1335,23229,23231,23232,23234],{"id":23230},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23233,17205],{}," incorrectly",[20,23236,23237,23238,23240,23241,23244],{},"Each result from ",[15,23239,17205],{}," has ",[33,23242,23243],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23246,7040],{},[43,23248,23249],{"className":45,"code":21660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,23250,23251,23287,23291,23311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23252,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23254,451],{"class":58},[52,23256,63],{"class":62},[52,23258,67],{"class":66},[52,23260,71],{"class":70},[52,23262,75],{"class":74},[52,23264,71],{"class":70},[52,23266,80],{"class":66},[52,23268,83],{"class":70},[52,23270,86],{"class":74},[52,23272,71],{"class":70},[52,23274,91],{"class":66},[52,23276,83],{"class":70},[52,23278,96],{"class":74},[52,23280,71],{"class":70},[52,23282,80],{"class":66},[52,23284,483],{"class":103},[52,23286,107],{"class":66},[52,23288,23289],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23290,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23292,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23294,6312],{"class":163},[52,23296,21709],{"class":58},[52,23298,91],{"class":66},[52,23300,21714],{"class":58},[52,23302,4238],{"class":163},[52,23304,495],{"class":58},[52,23306,121],{"class":66},[52,23308,8163],{"class":124},[52,23310,21725],{"class":66},[52,23312,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23314,8423],{"class":141},[52,23316,145],{"class":66},[52,23318,2139],{"class":124},[52,23320,91],{"class":66},[52,23322,8787],{"class":124},[52,23324,151],{"class":66},[20,23326,23327],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[43,23329,23331],{"className":45,"code":23330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23332,23333,23369,23373,23389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23334,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23336,451],{"class":58},[52,23338,63],{"class":62},[52,23340,67],{"class":66},[52,23342,71],{"class":70},[52,23344,75],{"class":74},[52,23346,71],{"class":70},[52,23348,80],{"class":66},[52,23350,83],{"class":70},[52,23352,86],{"class":74},[52,23354,71],{"class":70},[52,23356,91],{"class":66},[52,23358,83],{"class":70},[52,23360,96],{"class":74},[52,23362,71],{"class":70},[52,23364,80],{"class":66},[52,23366,483],{"class":103},[52,23368,107],{"class":66},[52,23370,23371],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23374,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23376,6312],{"class":163},[52,23378,18337],{"class":58},[52,23380,4238],{"class":163},[52,23382,495],{"class":58},[52,23384,121],{"class":66},[52,23386,8163],{"class":124},[52,23388,21725],{"class":66},[52,23390,23391,23393,23395,23397],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23392,8423],{"class":141},[52,23394,145],{"class":66},[52,23396,2139],{"class":124},[52,23398,151],{"class":66},[20,23400,23401,23402,23404,23405,23408],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23403,2139],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23406,23407],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23410,23411],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[43,23413,23415],{"className":45,"code":23414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23416,23417,23433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23418,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23420,6312],{"class":163},[52,23422,6315],{"class":58},[52,23424,4238],{"class":163},[52,23426,495],{"class":58},[52,23428,121],{"class":66},[52,23430,8163],{"class":124},[52,23432,21725],{"class":66},[52,23434,23435,23437,23439,23442],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23436,8423],{"class":141},[52,23438,145],{"class":66},[52,23440,23441],{"class":124},"item",[52,23443,151],{"class":66},[20,23445,23446],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[43,23448,23450],{"className":45,"code":23449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23451,23452,23472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23453,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23455,6312],{"class":163},[52,23457,21709],{"class":58},[52,23459,91],{"class":66},[52,23461,21714],{"class":58},[52,23463,4238],{"class":163},[52,23465,495],{"class":58},[52,23467,121],{"class":66},[52,23469,8163],{"class":124},[52,23471,21725],{"class":66},[52,23473,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23475,8423],{"class":141},[52,23477,145],{"class":66},[52,23479,2139],{"class":124},[52,23481,91],{"class":66},[52,23483,8787],{"class":124},[52,23485,151],{"class":66},[1335,23487,8807,23489,23491],{"id":23488},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23490,17205],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23493,23494,22105,23496,23498],{},[15,23495,17205],{},[15,23497,22038],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23500,23501],{},"Check it:",[43,23503,23505],{"className":45,"code":23504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23506,23507,23539,23543,23557,23575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23508,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23510,12058],{"class":58},[52,23512,63],{"class":62},[52,23514,67],{"class":66},[52,23516,71],{"class":70},[52,23518,257],{"class":74},[52,23520,71],{"class":70},[52,23522,80],{"class":66},[52,23524,1364],{"class":103},[52,23526,91],{"class":66},[52,23528,83],{"class":70},[52,23530,345],{"class":74},[52,23532,71],{"class":70},[52,23534,80],{"class":66},[52,23536,1378],{"class":103},[52,23538,107],{"class":66},[52,23540,23541],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23542,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23544,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23546,142],{"class":141},[52,23548,145],{"class":66},[52,23550,11789],{"class":124},[52,23552,121],{"class":66},[52,23554,8163],{"class":124},[52,23556,7547],{"class":66},[52,23558,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23560,142],{"class":141},[52,23562,145],{"class":66},[52,23564,3573],{"class":3251},[52,23566,145],{"class":66},[52,23568,11789],{"class":124},[52,23570,121],{"class":66},[52,23572,8163],{"class":124},[52,23574,6644],{"class":66},[52,23576,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,23578,142],{"class":141},[52,23580,145],{"class":66},[52,23582,8448],{"class":3251},[52,23584,145],{"class":66},[52,23586,11789],{"class":124},[52,23588,121],{"class":66},[52,23590,8163],{"class":124},[52,23592,6644],{"class":66},[20,23594,23595],{},[33,23596,173],{},[43,23598,23600],{"className":45,"code":23599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23601,23602,23634,23648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23603,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23605,22038],{"class":124},[52,23607,10005],{"class":66},[52,23609,186],{"class":70},[52,23611,257],{"class":74},[52,23613,186],{"class":70},[52,23615,91],{"class":66},[52,23617,1364],{"class":103},[52,23619,2110],{"class":66},[52,23621,9588],{"class":66},[52,23623,186],{"class":70},[52,23625,345],{"class":74},[52,23627,186],{"class":70},[52,23629,91],{"class":66},[52,23631,1378],{"class":103},[52,23633,11024],{"class":66},[52,23635,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23637,3642],{"class":62},[52,23639,3645],{"class":2413},[52,23641,195],{"class":70},[52,23643,22038],{"class":74},[52,23645,186],{"class":70},[52,23647,3654],{"class":62},[52,23649,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23651,21870],{"class":66},[52,23653,186],{"class":70},[52,23655,257],{"class":74},[52,23657,186],{"class":70},[52,23659,91],{"class":66},[52,23661,1364],{"class":103},[52,23663,2110],{"class":66},[52,23665,9588],{"class":66},[52,23667,186],{"class":70},[52,23669,345],{"class":74},[52,23671,186],{"class":70},[52,23673,91],{"class":66},[52,23675,1378],{"class":103},[52,23677,9601],{"class":66},[1335,23679,23681,23682],{"id":23680},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23683,17205],{},[20,23685,23686],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23688,23689],{},"Problem example:",[43,23691,23693],{"className":45,"code":23692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23694,23695,23739,23743,23763,23775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23696,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23698,3971],{"class":58},[52,23700,63],{"class":62},[52,23702,67],{"class":66},[52,23704,71],{"class":70},[52,23706,257],{"class":74},[52,23708,71],{"class":70},[52,23710,80],{"class":66},[52,23712,1364],{"class":103},[52,23714,91],{"class":66},[52,23716,83],{"class":70},[52,23718,345],{"class":74},[52,23720,71],{"class":70},[52,23722,80],{"class":66},[52,23724,1378],{"class":103},[52,23726,91],{"class":66},[52,23728,83],{"class":70},[52,23730,10087],{"class":74},[52,23732,71],{"class":70},[52,23734,80],{"class":66},[52,23736,2801],{"class":103},[52,23738,107],{"class":66},[52,23740,23741],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23742,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23744,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23746,6312],{"class":163},[52,23748,21709],{"class":58},[52,23750,91],{"class":66},[52,23752,21714],{"class":58},[52,23754,4238],{"class":163},[52,23756,4617],{"class":58},[52,23758,121],{"class":66},[52,23760,8163],{"class":124},[52,23762,21725],{"class":66},[52,23764,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23766,6753],{"class":163},[52,23768,21714],{"class":58},[52,23770,5042],{"class":62},[52,23772,1378],{"class":103},[52,23774,6748],{"class":66},[52,23776,23777,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,23778,23779],{"class":58},"        numbers",[52,23781,513],{"class":66},[52,23783,71],{"class":70},[52,23785,18896],{"class":74},[52,23787,71],{"class":70},[52,23789,522],{"class":66},[52,23791,525],{"class":62},[52,23793,23794],{"class":103}," 4\n",[20,23796,23797],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23799,23800],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[43,23802,23804],{"className":45,"code":23803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23805,23806,23850,23854,23879,23891,23909,23913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23807,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23809,3971],{"class":58},[52,23811,63],{"class":62},[52,23813,67],{"class":66},[52,23815,71],{"class":70},[52,23817,257],{"class":74},[52,23819,71],{"class":70},[52,23821,80],{"class":66},[52,23823,1364],{"class":103},[52,23825,91],{"class":66},[52,23827,83],{"class":70},[52,23829,345],{"class":74},[52,23831,71],{"class":70},[52,23833,80],{"class":66},[52,23835,1378],{"class":103},[52,23837,91],{"class":66},[52,23839,83],{"class":70},[52,23841,10087],{"class":74},[52,23843,71],{"class":70},[52,23845,80],{"class":66},[52,23847,2801],{"class":103},[52,23849,107],{"class":66},[52,23851,23852],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23853,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23855,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23857,6312],{"class":163},[52,23859,21709],{"class":58},[52,23861,91],{"class":66},[52,23863,21714],{"class":58},[52,23865,4238],{"class":163},[52,23867,22690],{"class":3251},[52,23869,145],{"class":66},[52,23871,4001],{"class":124},[52,23873,121],{"class":66},[52,23875,8163],{"class":124},[52,23877,23878],{"class":66},"()):\n",[52,23880,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23882,6753],{"class":163},[52,23884,21714],{"class":58},[52,23886,5042],{"class":62},[52,23888,1378],{"class":103},[52,23890,6748],{"class":66},[52,23892,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,23894,23779],{"class":58},[52,23896,513],{"class":66},[52,23898,71],{"class":70},[52,23900,18896],{"class":74},[52,23902,71],{"class":70},[52,23904,522],{"class":66},[52,23906,525],{"class":62},[52,23908,23794],{"class":103},[52,23910,23911],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,23912,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23914,23915,23917,23919,23921],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,23916,142],{"class":141},[52,23918,145],{"class":66},[52,23920,4001],{"class":124},[52,23922,151],{"class":66},[1335,23924,23926],{"id":23925},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23928,23929],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[43,23931,23933],{"className":45,"code":23932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23934,23935,23967,23971,23987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23936,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23938,1815],{"class":58},[52,23940,63],{"class":62},[52,23942,67],{"class":66},[52,23944,71],{"class":70},[52,23946,1357],{"class":74},[52,23948,71],{"class":70},[52,23950,80],{"class":66},[52,23952,1972],{"class":103},[52,23954,91],{"class":66},[52,23956,83],{"class":70},[52,23958,1371],{"class":74},[52,23960,71],{"class":70},[52,23962,80],{"class":66},[52,23964,104],{"class":103},[52,23966,107],{"class":66},[52,23968,23969],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,23970,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,23972,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23974,6312],{"class":163},[52,23976,6315],{"class":58},[52,23978,4238],{"class":163},[52,23980,1853],{"class":58},[52,23982,121],{"class":66},[52,23984,8163],{"class":124},[52,23986,21725],{"class":66},[52,23988,23989,23991,23993,23995],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23990,8423],{"class":141},[52,23992,145],{"class":66},[52,23994,23441],{"class":124},[52,23996,151],{"class":66},[20,23998,23999],{},[33,24000,173],{},[43,24002,24004],{"className":45,"code":24003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24005,24006,24022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24007,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24009,145],{"class":66},[52,24011,186],{"class":70},[52,24013,1357],{"class":74},[52,24015,186],{"class":70},[52,24017,91],{"class":66},[52,24019,1972],{"class":103},[52,24021,151],{"class":66},[52,24023,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24025,145],{"class":66},[52,24027,186],{"class":70},[52,24029,1371],{"class":74},[52,24031,186],{"class":70},[52,24033,91],{"class":66},[52,24035,104],{"class":103},[52,24037,151],{"class":66},[20,24039,24040,24041,24043],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24042,21785],{}," pair.",[38,24045,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,24047,24049,24050,5498],{"id":24048},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24051,17205],{},[20,24053,17549,24054,24056],{},[15,24055,22038],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1335,24058,2195,24060,24062],{"id":24059},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24061,17205],{}," return a list?",[20,24064,24065,24066,24069],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24067,24068],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1335,24071,24073,24074,2221],{"id":24072},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24075,17205],{},[20,24077,24078],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[43,24080,24082],{"className":45,"code":24081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24083,24084,24104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24085,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24087,6312],{"class":163},[52,24089,21709],{"class":58},[52,24091,91],{"class":66},[52,24093,21714],{"class":58},[52,24095,4238],{"class":163},[52,24097,12099],{"class":58},[52,24099,121],{"class":66},[52,24101,8163],{"class":124},[52,24103,21725],{"class":66},[52,24105,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24107,8423],{"class":141},[52,24109,145],{"class":66},[52,24111,2139],{"class":124},[52,24113,91],{"class":66},[52,24115,8787],{"class":124},[52,24117,151],{"class":66},[1335,24119,2195,24121,24123],{"id":24120},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24122,17205],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24125,24126],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[38,24128,2240],{"id":2239},[234,24130,24131,24137,24143,24148,24152],{},[237,24132,24133],{},[257,24134,2260,24135,2264],{"href":23017},[15,24136,17192],{},[237,24138,24139],{},[257,24140,2260,24141,2264],{"href":23025},[15,24142,17198],{},[237,24144,24145],{},[257,24146,24147],{"href":22604},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[237,24149,24150],{},[257,24151,260],{"href":259},[237,24153,24154],{},[257,24155,24156],{"href":21908},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2278,24158,24159],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":24161},[24162,24163,24165,24166,24167,24169,24170,24172,24174,24183,24193],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":21768,"depth":110,"text":24164},"What items() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":22099,"depth":110,"text":22100},{"id":22325,"depth":110,"text":24168},"Looping with items()",{"id":22608,"depth":110,"text":22609},{"id":22800,"depth":110,"text":24171},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23035,"depth":110,"text":24173},"When to use items()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":24175},[24176,24178,24180,24182],{"id":23230,"depth":131,"text":24177},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23488,"depth":131,"text":24179},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23680,"depth":131,"text":24181},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23925,"depth":131,"text":23926},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":24184},[24185,24187,24189,24191],{"id":24048,"depth":131,"text":24186},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24059,"depth":131,"text":24188},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24072,"depth":131,"text":24190},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24120,"depth":131,"text":24192},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21636,"description":24194},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24201,"title":24202,"body":24203,"description":26294,"extension":2310,"meta":26295,"navigation":134,"path":23017,"seo":26296,"stem":26297,"__hash__":26298},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24204,"toc":26260},[24205,24210,24216,24219,24230,24237,24239,24322,24326,24373,24378,24383,24388,24390,24406,24408,24507,24511,24568,24571,24573,24576,24669,24673,24736,24739,24755,24760,24762,24764,24779,24781,24792,24794,24837,24840,24884,24887,24889,24896,24899,24916,24918,25011,25015,25056,25068,25072,25075,25163,25167,25187,25190,25217,25224,25229,25233,25244,25246,25350,25354,25380,25383,25450,25455,25458,25481,25486,25490,25495,25501,25506,25508,25563,25567,25594,25601,25607,25610,25635,25641,25667,25670,25745,25752,25757,25759,25798,25816,25820,25823,25866,25869,25871,25890,25892,25897,25922,25925,25995,25998,26071,26075,26077,26138,26141,26157,26159,26164,26169,26176,26185,26191,26197,26204,26210,26214,26219,26221,26257],[10,24206,13,24208,18],{"id":24207},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24209,17192],{},[20,24211,24212,24213,24215],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24214,17192],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24217,24218],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[234,24220,24221,24224,24227],{},[237,24222,24223],{},"view the available keys",[237,24225,24226],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[237,24228,24229],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24231,24232,24234,24235,121],{},[15,24233,17192],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24236,17141],{},[38,24238,41],{"id":40},[43,24240,24242],{"className":45,"code":24241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24243,24244,24280,24294,24298,24308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24245,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24247,59],{"class":58},[52,24249,63],{"class":62},[52,24251,67],{"class":66},[52,24253,71],{"class":70},[52,24255,75],{"class":74},[52,24257,71],{"class":70},[52,24259,80],{"class":66},[52,24261,83],{"class":70},[52,24263,86],{"class":74},[52,24265,71],{"class":70},[52,24267,91],{"class":66},[52,24269,83],{"class":70},[52,24271,96],{"class":74},[52,24273,71],{"class":70},[52,24275,80],{"class":66},[52,24277,104],{"class":103},[52,24279,107],{"class":66},[52,24281,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24283,17369],{"class":58},[52,24285,63],{"class":62},[52,24287,118],{"class":58},[52,24289,121],{"class":66},[52,24291,17050],{"class":124},[52,24293,128],{"class":66},[52,24295,24296],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24297,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,24299,24300,24302,24304,24306],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,24301,142],{"class":141},[52,24303,145],{"class":66},[52,24305,17050],{"class":124},[52,24307,151],{"class":66},[52,24309,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,24311,142],{"class":141},[52,24313,145],{"class":66},[52,24315,8448],{"class":3251},[52,24317,145],{"class":66},[52,24319,17050],{"class":124},[52,24321,2120],{"class":66},[20,24323,24324],{},[33,24325,173],{},[43,24327,24329],{"className":45,"code":24328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24330,24331,24353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24332,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24334,17141],{"class":124},[52,24336,3336],{"class":66},[52,24338,186],{"class":70},[52,24340,75],{"class":74},[52,24342,186],{"class":70},[52,24344,91],{"class":66},[52,24346,195],{"class":70},[52,24348,96],{"class":74},[52,24350,186],{"class":70},[52,24352,913],{"class":66},[52,24354,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24356,513],{"class":66},[52,24358,186],{"class":70},[52,24360,75],{"class":74},[52,24362,186],{"class":70},[52,24364,91],{"class":66},[52,24366,195],{"class":70},[52,24368,96],{"class":74},[52,24370,186],{"class":70},[52,24372,766],{"class":66},[20,24374,222,24375,24377],{},[15,24376,17192],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[38,24379,4031,24381,4034],{"id":24380},"what-keys-does",[15,24382,17192],{},[20,24384,24385,24387],{},[15,24386,17192],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24389,11798],{},[234,24391,24392,24395,24398,24403],{},[237,24393,24394],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[237,24396,24397],{},"It does not need any arguments",[237,24399,17549,24400,24402],{},[15,24401,17141],{}," view object, not a list",[237,24404,24405],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24407,309],{},[43,24409,24411],{"className":45,"code":24410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24412,24413,24449,24453,24467,24471,24493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24414,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24416,451],{"class":58},[52,24418,63],{"class":62},[52,24420,67],{"class":66},[52,24422,71],{"class":70},[52,24424,75],{"class":74},[52,24426,71],{"class":70},[52,24428,80],{"class":66},[52,24430,83],{"class":70},[52,24432,468],{"class":74},[52,24434,71],{"class":70},[52,24436,91],{"class":66},[52,24438,83],{"class":70},[52,24440,96],{"class":74},[52,24442,71],{"class":70},[52,24444,80],{"class":66},[52,24446,483],{"class":103},[52,24448,107],{"class":66},[52,24450,24451],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24452,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24456,142],{"class":141},[52,24458,145],{"class":66},[52,24460,17434],{"class":124},[52,24462,121],{"class":66},[52,24464,17050],{"class":124},[52,24466,7547],{"class":66},[52,24468,24469],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,24470,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,24472,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,24474,17434],{"class":58},[52,24476,513],{"class":66},[52,24478,71],{"class":70},[52,24480,10755],{"class":74},[52,24482,71],{"class":70},[52,24484,522],{"class":66},[52,24486,525],{"class":62},[52,24488,83],{"class":70},[52,24490,10762],{"class":74},[52,24492,3710],{"class":70},[52,24494,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,24496,142],{"class":141},[52,24498,145],{"class":66},[52,24500,17434],{"class":124},[52,24502,121],{"class":66},[52,24504,17050],{"class":124},[52,24506,7547],{"class":66},[20,24508,24509],{},[33,24510,173],{},[43,24512,24514],{"className":45,"code":24513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24515,24516,24538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24517,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24519,17141],{"class":124},[52,24521,3336],{"class":66},[52,24523,186],{"class":70},[52,24525,75],{"class":74},[52,24527,186],{"class":70},[52,24529,91],{"class":66},[52,24531,195],{"class":70},[52,24533,96],{"class":74},[52,24535,186],{"class":70},[52,24537,913],{"class":66},[52,24539,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24541,17141],{"class":124},[52,24543,3336],{"class":66},[52,24545,186],{"class":70},[52,24547,75],{"class":74},[52,24549,186],{"class":70},[52,24551,91],{"class":66},[52,24553,195],{"class":70},[52,24555,96],{"class":74},[52,24557,186],{"class":70},[52,24559,91],{"class":66},[52,24561,195],{"class":70},[52,24563,10755],{"class":74},[52,24565,186],{"class":70},[52,24567,913],{"class":66},[20,24569,24570],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[38,24572,6141],{"id":6140},[20,24574,24575],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[43,24577,24579],{"className":45,"code":24578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24580,24581,24633,24637,24651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24582,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24584,1815],{"class":58},[52,24586,63],{"class":62},[52,24588,67],{"class":66},[52,24590,71],{"class":70},[52,24592,75],{"class":74},[52,24594,71],{"class":70},[52,24596,80],{"class":66},[52,24598,83],{"class":70},[52,24600,86],{"class":74},[52,24602,71],{"class":70},[52,24604,91],{"class":66},[52,24606,83],{"class":70},[52,24608,96],{"class":74},[52,24610,71],{"class":70},[52,24612,80],{"class":66},[52,24614,104],{"class":103},[52,24616,91],{"class":66},[52,24618,83],{"class":70},[52,24620,20020],{"class":74},[52,24622,71],{"class":70},[52,24624,80],{"class":66},[52,24626,83],{"class":70},[52,24628,22375],{"class":74},[52,24630,71],{"class":70},[52,24632,107],{"class":66},[52,24634,24635],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24636,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,24638,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24640,142],{"class":141},[52,24642,145],{"class":66},[52,24644,1868],{"class":124},[52,24646,121],{"class":66},[52,24648,17050],{"class":124},[52,24650,7547],{"class":66},[52,24652,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,24654,142],{"class":141},[52,24656,145],{"class":66},[52,24658,8448],{"class":3251},[52,24660,145],{"class":66},[52,24662,1868],{"class":124},[52,24664,121],{"class":66},[52,24666,17050],{"class":124},[52,24668,6644],{"class":66},[20,24670,24671],{},[33,24672,173],{},[43,24674,24676],{"className":45,"code":24675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24677,24678,24708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24679,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24681,17141],{"class":124},[52,24683,3336],{"class":66},[52,24685,186],{"class":70},[52,24687,75],{"class":74},[52,24689,186],{"class":70},[52,24691,91],{"class":66},[52,24693,195],{"class":70},[52,24695,96],{"class":74},[52,24697,186],{"class":70},[52,24699,91],{"class":66},[52,24701,195],{"class":70},[52,24703,20020],{"class":74},[52,24705,186],{"class":70},[52,24707,913],{"class":66},[52,24709,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24711,513],{"class":66},[52,24713,186],{"class":70},[52,24715,75],{"class":74},[52,24717,186],{"class":70},[52,24719,91],{"class":66},[52,24721,195],{"class":70},[52,24723,96],{"class":74},[52,24725,186],{"class":70},[52,24727,91],{"class":66},[52,24729,195],{"class":70},[52,24731,20020],{"class":74},[52,24733,186],{"class":70},[52,24735,766],{"class":66},[20,24737,24738],{},"This shows two things:",[234,24740,24741,24749],{},[237,24742,24743,22105,24746,24748],{},[15,24744,24745],{},"data.keys()",[15,24747,17141],{}," object",[237,24750,24751,24754],{},[15,24752,24753],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24756,9507,24757,121],{},[257,24758,24759],{"href":9739},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[38,24761,5785],{"id":5784},[20,24763,2507],{},[43,24765,24767],{"className":45,"code":24766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24768,24769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24770,24771,24773,24775,24777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24772,11789],{"class":58},[52,24774,121],{"class":66},[52,24776,17050],{"class":124},[52,24778,128],{"class":66},[20,24780,21930],{},[234,24782,24783,24786,24789],{},[237,24784,24785],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[237,24787,24788],{},"It takes no parameters",[237,24790,24791],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24793,16782],{},[43,24795,24797],{"className":45,"code":24796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24798,24799,24823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24800,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24802,59],{"class":58},[52,24804,63],{"class":62},[52,24806,67],{"class":66},[52,24808,71],{"class":70},[52,24810,75],{"class":74},[52,24812,71],{"class":70},[52,24814,80],{"class":66},[52,24816,83],{"class":70},[52,24818,86],{"class":74},[52,24820,71],{"class":70},[52,24822,107],{"class":66},[52,24824,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24826,142],{"class":141},[52,24828,145],{"class":66},[52,24830,887],{"class":124},[52,24832,121],{"class":66},[52,24834,17050],{"class":124},[52,24836,7547],{"class":66},[20,24838,24839],{},"Incorrect:",[43,24841,24843],{"className":45,"code":24842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24844,24845,24869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24846,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24848,59],{"class":58},[52,24850,63],{"class":62},[52,24852,67],{"class":66},[52,24854,71],{"class":70},[52,24856,75],{"class":74},[52,24858,71],{"class":70},[52,24860,80],{"class":66},[52,24862,83],{"class":70},[52,24864,86],{"class":74},[52,24866,71],{"class":70},[52,24868,107],{"class":66},[52,24870,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24882],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24872,142],{"class":141},[52,24874,145],{"class":66},[52,24876,887],{"class":124},[52,24878,121],{"class":66},[52,24880,17050],{"class":24881},"skxfh",[52,24883,151],{"class":66},[20,24885,24886],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[38,24888,17546],{"id":17545},[20,24890,24891,22105,24893,24895],{},[15,24892,17192],{},[15,24894,17141],{}," object.",[20,24897,24898],{},"This object:",[234,24900,24901,24904,24907,24913],{},[237,24902,24903],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[237,24905,24906],{},"can be used in a loop",[237,24908,24909,24910],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24911,24912],{},"list()",[237,24914,24915],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24917,309],{},[43,24919,24921],{"className":45,"code":24920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24922,24923,24964,24968,24983,24987,24997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24924,24925,24928,24930,24932,24934,24937,24939,24941,24943,24946,24948,24950,24952,24955,24957,24959,24962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24926,24927],{"class":58},"car ",[52,24929,63],{"class":62},[52,24931,67],{"class":66},[52,24933,71],{"class":70},[52,24935,24936],{"class":74},"brand",[52,24938,71],{"class":70},[52,24940,80],{"class":66},[52,24942,83],{"class":70},[52,24944,24945],{"class":74},"Toyota",[52,24947,71],{"class":70},[52,24949,91],{"class":66},[52,24951,83],{"class":70},[52,24953,24954],{"class":74},"year",[52,24956,71],{"class":70},[52,24958,80],{"class":66},[52,24960,24961],{"class":103}," 2020",[52,24963,107],{"class":66},[52,24965,24966],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,24967,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,24969,24970,24972,24974,24977,24979,24981],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24971,2577],{"class":58},[52,24973,63],{"class":62},[52,24975,24976],{"class":58}," car",[52,24978,121],{"class":66},[52,24980,17050],{"class":124},[52,24982,128],{"class":66},[52,24984,24985],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,24986,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,24988,24989,24991,24993,24995],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,24990,142],{"class":141},[52,24992,145],{"class":66},[52,24994,2612],{"class":124},[52,24996,151],{"class":66},[52,24998,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,25000,142],{"class":141},[52,25002,145],{"class":66},[52,25004,3573],{"class":3251},[52,25006,145],{"class":66},[52,25008,2612],{"class":124},[52,25010,2120],{"class":66},[20,25012,25013],{},[33,25014,173],{},[43,25016,25018],{"className":45,"code":25017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25019,25020,25042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25021,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25023,17141],{"class":124},[52,25025,3336],{"class":66},[52,25027,186],{"class":70},[52,25029,24936],{"class":74},[52,25031,186],{"class":70},[52,25033,91],{"class":66},[52,25035,195],{"class":70},[52,25037,24954],{"class":74},[52,25039,186],{"class":70},[52,25041,913],{"class":66},[52,25043,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25045,3642],{"class":62},[52,25047,3645],{"class":2413},[52,25049,195],{"class":70},[52,25051,17141],{"class":74},[52,25053,186],{"class":70},[52,25055,3654],{"class":62},[20,25057,25058,25059,25063,25064,121],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[257,25060,2260,25061,2264],{"href":17195},[15,25062,17198],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[257,25065,2260,25066,2264],{"href":17202},[15,25067,17205],{},[38,25069,25071],{"id":25070},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25073,25074],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[43,25076,25078],{"className":45,"code":25077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25079,25080,25133,25137,25153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25081,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25129,25131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25083,59],{"class":58},[52,25085,63],{"class":62},[52,25087,67],{"class":66},[52,25089,71],{"class":70},[52,25091,75],{"class":74},[52,25093,71],{"class":70},[52,25095,80],{"class":66},[52,25097,83],{"class":70},[52,25099,86],{"class":74},[52,25101,71],{"class":70},[52,25103,91],{"class":66},[52,25105,83],{"class":70},[52,25107,96],{"class":74},[52,25109,71],{"class":70},[52,25111,80],{"class":66},[52,25113,104],{"class":103},[52,25115,91],{"class":66},[52,25117,83],{"class":70},[52,25119,15454],{"class":74},[52,25121,71],{"class":70},[52,25123,80],{"class":66},[52,25125,83],{"class":70},[52,25127,25128],{"class":74},"Math",[52,25130,71],{"class":70},[52,25132,107],{"class":66},[52,25134,25135],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25136,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,25138,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25140,6312],{"class":163},[52,25142,18337],{"class":58},[52,25144,4238],{"class":163},[52,25146,118],{"class":58},[52,25148,121],{"class":66},[52,25150,17050],{"class":124},[52,25152,21725],{"class":66},[52,25154,25155,25157,25159,25161],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,25156,8423],{"class":141},[52,25158,145],{"class":66},[52,25160,2139],{"class":124},[52,25162,151],{"class":66},[20,25164,25165],{},[33,25166,173],{},[43,25168,25170],{"className":45,"code":25169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25171,25172,25177,25182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25173,25174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25175,25176],{"class":58},"name\n",[52,25178,25179],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25180,25181],{"class":58},"age\n",[52,25183,25184],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25185,25186],{"class":58},"course\n",[20,25188,25189],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[43,25191,25193],{"className":45,"code":25192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25194,25195,25207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25196,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25198,6312],{"class":163},[52,25200,18337],{"class":58},[52,25202,4238],{"class":163},[52,25204,118],{"class":58},[52,25206,6748],{"class":66},[52,25208,25209,25211,25213,25215],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25210,8423],{"class":141},[52,25212,145],{"class":66},[52,25214,2139],{"class":124},[52,25216,151],{"class":66},[20,25218,25219,25220,25223],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25221,25222],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[38,25225,1063,25227],{"id":25226},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25228,17192],{},[20,25230,222,25231,1070],{},[15,25232,17192],{},[234,25234,25235,25238,25241],{},[237,25236,25237],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[237,25239,25240],{},"you want to display available fields",[237,25242,25243],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25245,309],{},[43,25247,25249],{"className":45,"code":25248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25250,25251,25304,25308,25323,25340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25252,25253,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25273,25275,25277,25279,25282,25284,25286,25289,25291,25293,25296,25298,25300,25302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25254,25255],{"class":58},"product ",[52,25257,63],{"class":62},[52,25259,67],{"class":66},[52,25261,71],{"class":70},[52,25263,75],{"class":74},[52,25265,71],{"class":70},[52,25267,80],{"class":66},[52,25269,83],{"class":70},[52,25271,25272],{"class":74},"Book",[52,25274,71],{"class":70},[52,25276,91],{"class":66},[52,25278,83],{"class":70},[52,25280,25281],{"class":74},"price",[52,25283,71],{"class":70},[52,25285,80],{"class":66},[52,25287,25288],{"class":103}," 12.99",[52,25290,91],{"class":66},[52,25292,83],{"class":70},[52,25294,25295],{"class":74},"stock",[52,25297,71],{"class":70},[52,25299,80],{"class":66},[52,25301,4959],{"class":103},[52,25303,107],{"class":66},[52,25305,25306],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25307,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,25309,25310,25312,25314,25316,25319,25321],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25311,142],{"class":141},[52,25313,145],{"class":66},[52,25315,71],{"class":70},[52,25317,25318],{"class":74},"Available fields:",[52,25320,71],{"class":70},[52,25322,151],{"class":66},[52,25324,25325,25327,25329,25331,25334,25336,25338],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,25326,6312],{"class":163},[52,25328,18337],{"class":58},[52,25330,4238],{"class":163},[52,25332,25333],{"class":58}," product",[52,25335,121],{"class":66},[52,25337,17050],{"class":124},[52,25339,21725],{"class":66},[52,25341,25342,25344,25346,25348],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,25343,8423],{"class":141},[52,25345,145],{"class":66},[52,25347,2139],{"class":124},[52,25349,151],{"class":66},[20,25351,25352],{},[33,25353,173],{},[43,25355,25357],{"className":45,"code":25356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25358,25359,25366,25370,25375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25360,25361,25364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25362,25363],{"class":58},"Available fields",[52,25365,6748],{"class":66},[52,25367,25368],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25369,25176],{"class":58},[52,25371,25372],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25373,25374],{"class":58},"price\n",[52,25376,25377],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,25378,25379],{"class":58},"stock\n",[20,25381,25382],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[43,25384,25386],{"className":45,"code":25385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25387,25388,25424,25428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25389,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25391,25255],{"class":58},[52,25393,63],{"class":62},[52,25395,67],{"class":66},[52,25397,71],{"class":70},[52,25399,75],{"class":74},[52,25401,71],{"class":70},[52,25403,80],{"class":66},[52,25405,83],{"class":70},[52,25407,25272],{"class":74},[52,25409,71],{"class":70},[52,25411,91],{"class":66},[52,25413,83],{"class":70},[52,25415,25281],{"class":74},[52,25417,71],{"class":70},[52,25419,80],{"class":66},[52,25421,25288],{"class":103},[52,25423,107],{"class":66},[52,25425,25426],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25427,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,25429,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25431,142],{"class":141},[52,25433,145],{"class":66},[52,25435,71],{"class":70},[52,25437,75],{"class":74},[52,25439,71],{"class":70},[52,25441,21303],{"class":163},[52,25443,25333],{"class":124},[52,25445,121],{"class":66},[52,25447,17050],{"class":124},[52,25449,7547],{"class":66},[20,25451,25452,25453,121],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25454,1048],{},[20,25456,25457],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[43,25459,25461],{"className":45,"code":25460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25462,25463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25464,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25466,142],{"class":141},[52,25468,145],{"class":66},[52,25470,71],{"class":70},[52,25472,75],{"class":74},[52,25474,71],{"class":70},[52,25476,21303],{"class":163},[52,25478,25333],{"class":124},[52,25480,151],{"class":66},[20,25482,25483,25484,121],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[257,25485,21336],{"href":17280},[38,25487,25489],{"id":25488},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25491,25492,25493,121],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25494,17192],{},[1335,25496,8807,25498,25500],{"id":25497},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25499,17192],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25502,25503,25505],{},[15,25504,17192],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25507,309],{},[43,25509,25511],{"className":45,"code":25510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25512,25513,25549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25514,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25516,1815],{"class":58},[52,25518,63],{"class":62},[52,25520,67],{"class":66},[52,25522,71],{"class":70},[52,25524,75],{"class":74},[52,25526,71],{"class":70},[52,25528,80],{"class":66},[52,25530,83],{"class":70},[52,25532,86],{"class":74},[52,25534,71],{"class":70},[52,25536,91],{"class":66},[52,25538,83],{"class":70},[52,25540,96],{"class":74},[52,25542,71],{"class":70},[52,25544,80],{"class":66},[52,25546,104],{"class":103},[52,25548,107],{"class":66},[52,25550,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25552,142],{"class":141},[52,25554,145],{"class":66},[52,25556,1868],{"class":124},[52,25558,121],{"class":66},[52,25560,17050],{"class":124},[52,25562,7547],{"class":66},[20,25564,25565],{},[33,25566,173],{},[43,25568,25570],{"className":45,"code":25569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25571,25572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25573,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25575,17141],{"class":124},[52,25577,3336],{"class":66},[52,25579,186],{"class":70},[52,25581,75],{"class":74},[52,25583,186],{"class":70},[52,25585,91],{"class":66},[52,25587,195],{"class":70},[52,25589,96],{"class":74},[52,25591,186],{"class":70},[52,25593,913],{"class":66},[20,25595,25596,25597,121],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[257,25598,25599],{"href":17202},[15,25600,17205],{},[1335,25602,25604,25605],{"id":25603},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25606,17141],{},[20,25608,25609],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[43,25611,25613],{"className":45,"code":25612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25614,25615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25616,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25618,513],{"class":66},[52,25620,186],{"class":70},[52,25622,75],{"class":74},[52,25624,186],{"class":70},[52,25626,91],{"class":66},[52,25628,195],{"class":70},[52,25630,96],{"class":74},[52,25632,186],{"class":70},[52,25634,766],{"class":66},[20,25636,25637,25638,25640],{},"But ",[15,25639,17192],{}," returns:",[43,25642,25643],{"className":45,"code":25569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,25644,25645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25646,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25648,17141],{"class":124},[52,25650,3336],{"class":66},[52,25652,186],{"class":70},[52,25654,75],{"class":74},[52,25656,186],{"class":70},[52,25658,91],{"class":66},[52,25660,195],{"class":70},[52,25662,96],{"class":74},[52,25664,186],{"class":70},[52,25666,913],{"class":66},[20,25668,25669],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[43,25671,25673],{"className":45,"code":25672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25674,25675,25711,25730,25734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25676,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25678,1815],{"class":58},[52,25680,63],{"class":62},[52,25682,67],{"class":66},[52,25684,71],{"class":70},[52,25686,75],{"class":74},[52,25688,71],{"class":70},[52,25690,80],{"class":66},[52,25692,83],{"class":70},[52,25694,86],{"class":74},[52,25696,71],{"class":70},[52,25698,91],{"class":66},[52,25700,83],{"class":70},[52,25702,96],{"class":74},[52,25704,71],{"class":70},[52,25706,80],{"class":66},[52,25708,104],{"class":103},[52,25710,107],{"class":66},[52,25712,25713,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25714,25715],{"class":58},"key_list ",[52,25717,63],{"class":62},[52,25719,22690],{"class":3251},[52,25721,145],{"class":66},[52,25723,1868],{"class":124},[52,25725,121],{"class":66},[52,25727,17050],{"class":124},[52,25729,7547],{"class":66},[52,25731,25732],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,25735,25736,25738,25740,25743],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,25737,142],{"class":141},[52,25739,145],{"class":66},[52,25741,25742],{"class":124},"key_list",[52,25744,151],{"class":66},[1335,25746,25748,25749,25751],{"id":25747},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25750,17192],{}," on a list or string",[20,25753,25754,25756],{},[15,25755,17192],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25758,3186],{},[43,25760,25762],{"className":45,"code":25761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25763,25764,25784],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25765,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25767,3971],{"class":58},[52,25769,63],{"class":62},[52,25771,755],{"class":66},[52,25773,3339],{"class":103},[52,25775,91],{"class":66},[52,25777,1378],{"class":103},[52,25779,91],{"class":66},[52,25781,2801],{"class":103},[52,25783,766],{"class":66},[52,25785,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25787,142],{"class":141},[52,25789,145],{"class":66},[52,25791,4001],{"class":124},[52,25793,121],{"class":66},[52,25795,17050],{"class":124},[52,25797,7547],{"class":66},[20,25799,25800,25801,25804,25805,25807,25808,121],{},"You may get an ",[15,25802,25803],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25806,17192],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[257,25809,25811,25812,25815],{"href":25810},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25813,25814],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1335,25817,25819],{"id":25818},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25821,25822],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[43,25824,25826],{"className":45,"code":25825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25827,25828,25852],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25829,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25831,1815],{"class":58},[52,25833,63],{"class":62},[52,25835,67],{"class":66},[52,25837,71],{"class":70},[52,25839,75],{"class":74},[52,25841,71],{"class":70},[52,25843,80],{"class":66},[52,25845,83],{"class":70},[52,25847,86],{"class":74},[52,25849,71],{"class":70},[52,25851,107],{"class":66},[52,25853,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25855,142],{"class":141},[52,25857,145],{"class":66},[52,25859,1868],{"class":124},[52,25861,121],{"class":66},[52,25863,17050],{"class":24881},[52,25865,151],{"class":66},[20,25867,25868],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25870,18823],{},[43,25872,25874],{"className":45,"code":25873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25875,25876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25877,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25879,142],{"class":141},[52,25881,145],{"class":66},[52,25883,1868],{"class":124},[52,25885,121],{"class":66},[52,25887,17050],{"class":124},[52,25889,7547],{"class":66},[38,25891,2022],{"id":2021},[20,25893,25894,25895,80],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25896,17192],{},[234,25898,25899,25904,25910,25916],{},[237,25900,1326,25901,25903],{},[15,25902,17192],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[237,25905,25906,25907,25909],{},"Thinking ",[15,25908,17192],{}," returns values too",[237,25911,25912,25913,25915],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25914,17141],{}," like a normal list",[237,25917,25918,25919,25921],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25920,17141],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25923,25924],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[43,25926,25928],{"className":45,"code":25927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25929,25930,25962,25976,25980,25990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25931,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25933,1815],{"class":58},[52,25935,63],{"class":62},[52,25937,67],{"class":66},[52,25939,71],{"class":70},[52,25941,257],{"class":74},[52,25943,71],{"class":70},[52,25945,80],{"class":66},[52,25947,1364],{"class":103},[52,25949,91],{"class":66},[52,25951,83],{"class":70},[52,25953,345],{"class":74},[52,25955,71],{"class":70},[52,25957,80],{"class":66},[52,25959,1378],{"class":103},[52,25961,107],{"class":66},[52,25963,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,25965,17369],{"class":58},[52,25967,63],{"class":62},[52,25969,1853],{"class":58},[52,25971,121],{"class":66},[52,25973,17050],{"class":124},[52,25975,128],{"class":66},[52,25977,25978],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25979,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,25981,25982,25984,25986,25988],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,25983,142],{"class":141},[52,25985,145],{"class":66},[52,25987,17050],{"class":124},[52,25989,151],{"class":66},[52,25991,25992],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,25993,25994],{"class":4017},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25996,25997],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[43,25999,26001],{"className":45,"code":26000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26002,26003,26035,26053,26057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26004,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26006,1815],{"class":58},[52,26008,63],{"class":62},[52,26010,67],{"class":66},[52,26012,71],{"class":70},[52,26014,257],{"class":74},[52,26016,71],{"class":70},[52,26018,80],{"class":66},[52,26020,1364],{"class":103},[52,26022,91],{"class":66},[52,26024,83],{"class":70},[52,26026,345],{"class":74},[52,26028,71],{"class":70},[52,26030,80],{"class":66},[52,26032,1378],{"class":103},[52,26034,107],{"class":66},[52,26036,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26038,17369],{"class":58},[52,26040,63],{"class":62},[52,26042,22690],{"class":3251},[52,26044,145],{"class":66},[52,26046,1868],{"class":124},[52,26048,121],{"class":66},[52,26050,17050],{"class":124},[52,26052,7547],{"class":66},[52,26054,26055],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26056,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26060,142],{"class":141},[52,26062,145],{"class":66},[52,26064,17050],{"class":124},[52,26066,513],{"class":66},[52,26068,2467],{"class":103},[52,26070,913],{"class":66},[38,26072,26074],{"id":26073},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26076,11456],{},[43,26078,26080],{"className":45,"code":26079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26081,26082,26096,26106,26120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26083,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26085,142],{"class":141},[52,26087,145],{"class":66},[52,26089,3573],{"class":3251},[52,26091,145],{"class":66},[52,26093,11789],{"class":124},[52,26095,2120],{"class":66},[52,26097,26098,26100,26102,26104],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26099,142],{"class":141},[52,26101,145],{"class":66},[52,26103,11789],{"class":124},[52,26105,151],{"class":66},[52,26107,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26109,142],{"class":141},[52,26111,145],{"class":66},[52,26113,11789],{"class":124},[52,26115,121],{"class":66},[52,26117,17050],{"class":124},[52,26119,7547],{"class":66},[52,26121,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26123,142],{"class":141},[52,26125,145],{"class":66},[52,26127,8448],{"class":3251},[52,26129,145],{"class":66},[52,26131,11789],{"class":124},[52,26133,121],{"class":66},[52,26135,17050],{"class":124},[52,26137,6644],{"class":66},[20,26139,26140],{},"These help you confirm:",[234,26142,26143,26146,26149,26154],{},[237,26144,26145],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[237,26147,26148],{},"what data it contains",[237,26150,26151,26152,12039],{},"what ",[15,26153,17192],{},[237,26155,26156],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[38,26158,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,26160,24049,26162,5498],{"id":26161},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26163,17192],{},[20,26165,17549,26166,26168],{},[15,26167,17141],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1335,26170,2205,26172,26175],{"id":26171},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26173,26174],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26177,26178,26179,26181,26182,121],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26180,17141],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26183,26184],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1335,26186,26188,26189,2221],{"id":26187},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26190,26174],{},[20,26192,26193,26194,26196],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26195,6312],{}," loop.",[1335,26198,26200,26201,26203],{"id":26199},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26202,17192],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26205,26206,26207,26209],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26208,17192],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1335,26211,26213],{"id":26212},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26215,222,26216,121],{},[15,26217,26218],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[38,26220,2240],{"id":2239},[234,26222,26223,26228,26234,26240,26246,26250],{},[237,26224,26225],{},[257,26226,26227],{"href":9739},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[237,26229,26230],{},[257,26231,2260,26232,2264],{"href":17195},[15,26233,17198],{},[237,26235,26236],{},[257,26237,2260,26238,2264],{"href":17202},[15,26239,17205],{},[237,26241,26242],{},[257,26243,26245],{"href":26244},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[237,26247,26248],{},[257,26249,17281],{"href":17280},[237,26251,26252],{},[257,26253,26254,26255,25815],{"href":25810},"How to fix ",[15,26256,25814],{},[2278,26258,26259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":26261},[26262,26263,26265,26266,26267,26268,26269,26271,26280,26281,26282,26293],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":24380,"depth":110,"text":26264},"What keys() does",{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":5784,"depth":110,"text":5785},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":25070,"depth":110,"text":25071},{"id":25226,"depth":110,"text":26270},"When to use keys()",{"id":25488,"depth":110,"text":25489,"children":26272},[26273,26275,26277,26279],{"id":25497,"depth":131,"text":26274},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25603,"depth":131,"text":26276},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25747,"depth":131,"text":26278},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25818,"depth":131,"text":25819},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":26073,"depth":110,"text":26074},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":26283},[26284,26286,26288,26290,26292],{"id":26161,"depth":131,"text":26285},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26171,"depth":131,"text":26287},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26187,"depth":131,"text":26289},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26199,"depth":131,"text":26291},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26212,"depth":131,"text":26213},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24202,"description":26294},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26300,"title":26301,"body":26302,"description":28575,"extension":2310,"meta":28576,"navigation":134,"path":28577,"seo":28578,"stem":28579,"__hash__":28580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26303,"toc":28528},[26304,26309,26314,26317,26319,26465,26478,26483,26487,26501,26503,26606,26615,26617,26620,26658,26683,26685,26792,26794,26801,26804,26812,26814,26955,26963,26968,26972,26983,26985,27147,27150,27158,27165,27171,27268,27274,27351,27354,27366,27371,27377,27380,27384,27473,27476,27480,27584,27591,27678,27687,27689,27694,27700,27703,27749,27752,27818,27827,27833,27926,27932,27938,27981,27984,28049,28055,28147,28150,28154,28160,28185,28188,28284,28291,28293,28298,28389,28391,28419,28424,28426,28433,28436,28440,28450,28455,28458,28465,28475,28482,28490,28492,28525],[10,26305,13,26307,18],{"id":26306},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26308,13087],{},[20,26310,26311,26313],{},[15,26312,12895],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26315,26316],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[38,26318,3961],{"id":3960},[43,26320,26322],{"className":45,"code":26321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26323,26324,26360,26384,26398,26411,26415,26420,26452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26325,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26327,451],{"class":58},[52,26329,63],{"class":62},[52,26331,67],{"class":66},[52,26333,71],{"class":70},[52,26335,75],{"class":74},[52,26337,71],{"class":70},[52,26339,80],{"class":66},[52,26341,83],{"class":70},[52,26343,86],{"class":74},[52,26345,71],{"class":70},[52,26347,91],{"class":66},[52,26349,83],{"class":70},[52,26351,96],{"class":74},[52,26353,71],{"class":70},[52,26355,80],{"class":66},[52,26357,483],{"class":103},[52,26359,107],{"class":66},[52,26361,26362,26365,26367,26369,26371,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26363,26364],{"class":58},"removed_age ",[52,26366,63],{"class":62},[52,26368,495],{"class":58},[52,26370,121],{"class":66},[52,26372,26373],{"class":124},"pop",[52,26375,145],{"class":66},[52,26377,71],{"class":70},[52,26379,96],{"class":74},[52,26381,71],{"class":70},[52,26383,151],{"class":66},[52,26385,26386,26388,26390,26393,26395],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26387,142],{"class":141},[52,26389,145],{"class":66},[52,26391,26392],{"class":124},"removed_age",[52,26394,4014],{"class":66},[52,26396,26397],{"class":4017},"   # 25\n",[52,26399,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26401,142],{"class":141},[52,26403,145],{"class":66},[52,26405,17434],{"class":124},[52,26407,4014],{"class":66},[52,26409,26410],{"class":4017},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26412,26413],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,26414,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26416,26417],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,26418,26419],{"class":4017},"# Safe version with default value\n",[52,26421,26422,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26448,26450],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,26423,26424],{"class":58},"country ",[52,26426,63],{"class":62},[52,26428,495],{"class":58},[52,26430,121],{"class":66},[52,26432,26373],{"class":124},[52,26434,145],{"class":66},[52,26436,71],{"class":70},[52,26438,15387],{"class":74},[52,26440,71],{"class":70},[52,26442,91],{"class":66},[52,26444,83],{"class":70},[52,26446,26447],{"class":74},"Not found",[52,26449,71],{"class":70},[52,26451,151],{"class":66},[52,26453,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,26455,142],{"class":141},[52,26457,145],{"class":66},[52,26459,15387],{"class":124},[52,26461,4014],{"class":66},[52,26463,26464],{"class":4017},"       # Not found\n",[20,26466,222,26467,26470,26471,26474,26475,26477],{},[15,26468,26469],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26472,26473],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26476,19816],{}," when the key might not exist.",[38,26479,4031,26481,4034],{"id":26480},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26482,12895],{},[20,26484,26485,80],{},[15,26486,12895],{},[234,26488,26489,26492,26495,26498],{},[237,26490,26491],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[237,26493,26494],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[237,26496,26497],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[237,26499,26500],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26502,309],{},[43,26504,26506],{"className":45,"code":26505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26507,26508,26548,26552,26575,26579,26593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26509,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26511,11825],{"class":58},[52,26513,63],{"class":62},[52,26515,67],{"class":66},[52,26517,71],{"class":70},[52,26519,75],{"class":74},[52,26521,71],{"class":70},[52,26523,80],{"class":66},[52,26525,83],{"class":70},[52,26527,468],{"class":74},[52,26529,71],{"class":70},[52,26531,91],{"class":66},[52,26533,83],{"class":70},[52,26535,10755],{"class":74},[52,26537,71],{"class":70},[52,26539,80],{"class":66},[52,26541,83],{"class":70},[52,26543,10762],{"class":74},[52,26545,71],{"class":70},[52,26547,107],{"class":66},[52,26549,26550],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26551,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26553,26554,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26555,26556],{"class":58},"removed_city ",[52,26558,63],{"class":62},[52,26560,11905],{"class":58},[52,26562,121],{"class":66},[52,26564,26373],{"class":124},[52,26566,145],{"class":66},[52,26568,71],{"class":70},[52,26570,10755],{"class":74},[52,26572,71],{"class":70},[52,26574,151],{"class":66},[52,26576,26577],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26578,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26580,26581,26583,26585,26588,26590],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,26582,142],{"class":141},[52,26584,145],{"class":66},[52,26586,26587],{"class":124},"removed_city",[52,26589,4014],{"class":66},[52,26591,26592],{"class":4017},"  # Paris\n",[52,26594,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,26596,142],{"class":141},[52,26598,145],{"class":66},[52,26600,11916],{"class":124},[52,26602,4014],{"class":66},[52,26604,26605],{"class":4017},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26607,20900,26608,26611,26612,121],{},[15,26609,26610],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26613,26614],{},"\"Paris\"",[38,26616,269],{"id":268},[20,26618,26619],{},"There are two common forms:",[43,26621,26623],{"className":45,"code":26622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26624,26625,26639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26626,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26628,11789],{"class":58},[52,26630,121],{"class":66},[52,26632,26373],{"class":124},[52,26634,145],{"class":66},[52,26636,2139],{"class":124},[52,26638,151],{"class":66},[52,26640,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653,26656],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26642,11789],{"class":58},[52,26644,121],{"class":66},[52,26646,26373],{"class":124},[52,26648,145],{"class":66},[52,26650,2139],{"class":124},[52,26652,91],{"class":66},[52,26654,26655],{"class":124}," default",[52,26657,151],{"class":66},[234,26659,26660,26666,26674,26680],{},[237,26661,26662,26665],{},[15,26663,26664],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[237,26667,26668,26670,26671,26673],{},[15,26669,26664],{}," raises ",[15,26672,19816],{}," if the key is missing",[237,26675,26676,26679],{},[15,26677,26678],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[237,26681,26682],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26684,309],{},[43,26686,26688],{"className":45,"code":26687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26689,26690,26722,26726,26751,26779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26691,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26693,5416],{"class":58},[52,26695,63],{"class":62},[52,26697,67],{"class":66},[52,26699,71],{"class":70},[52,26701,18545],{"class":74},[52,26703,71],{"class":70},[52,26705,80],{"class":66},[52,26707,20027],{"class":103},[52,26709,91],{"class":66},[52,26711,83],{"class":70},[52,26713,18554],{"class":74},[52,26715,71],{"class":70},[52,26717,80],{"class":66},[52,26719,763],{"class":103},[52,26721,107],{"class":66},[52,26723,26724],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26725,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26727,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26729,142],{"class":141},[52,26731,145],{"class":66},[52,26733,16515],{"class":124},[52,26735,121],{"class":66},[52,26737,26373],{"class":124},[52,26739,145],{"class":66},[52,26741,71],{"class":70},[52,26743,18545],{"class":74},[52,26745,71],{"class":70},[52,26747,5715],{"class":66},[52,26749,26750],{"class":4017},"         # 90\n",[52,26752,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26754,142],{"class":141},[52,26756,145],{"class":66},[52,26758,16515],{"class":124},[52,26760,121],{"class":66},[52,26762,26373],{"class":124},[52,26764,145],{"class":66},[52,26766,71],{"class":70},[52,26768,18563],{"class":74},[52,26770,71],{"class":70},[52,26772,91],{"class":66},[52,26774,4189],{"class":103},[52,26776,5715],{"class":66},[52,26778,20897],{"class":4017},[52,26780,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,26782,142],{"class":141},[52,26784,145],{"class":66},[52,26786,16515],{"class":124},[52,26788,4014],{"class":66},[52,26790,26791],{"class":4017},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[38,26793,17546],{"id":17545},[20,26795,26796,1329,26798,26800],{},[15,26797,13087],{},[33,26799,1332],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26802,26803],{},"Instead, it returns:",[234,26805,26806,26809],{},[237,26807,26808],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[237,26810,26811],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26813,309],{},[43,26815,26817],{"className":45,"code":26816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26818,26819,26851,26855,26878,26910,26914,26928,26942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26820,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26822,1815],{"class":58},[52,26824,63],{"class":62},[52,26826,67],{"class":66},[52,26828,71],{"class":70},[52,26830,257],{"class":74},[52,26832,71],{"class":70},[52,26834,80],{"class":66},[52,26836,1972],{"class":103},[52,26838,91],{"class":66},[52,26840,83],{"class":70},[52,26842,345],{"class":74},[52,26844,71],{"class":70},[52,26846,80],{"class":66},[52,26848,104],{"class":103},[52,26850,107],{"class":66},[52,26852,26853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,26854,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26856,26857,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26858,26859],{"class":58},"result1 ",[52,26861,63],{"class":62},[52,26863,1853],{"class":58},[52,26865,121],{"class":66},[52,26867,26373],{"class":124},[52,26869,145],{"class":66},[52,26871,71],{"class":70},[52,26873,257],{"class":74},[52,26875,71],{"class":70},[52,26877,151],{"class":66},[52,26879,26880,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26906,26908],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26881,26882],{"class":58},"result2 ",[52,26884,63],{"class":62},[52,26886,1853],{"class":58},[52,26888,121],{"class":66},[52,26890,26373],{"class":124},[52,26892,145],{"class":66},[52,26894,71],{"class":70},[52,26896,10087],{"class":74},[52,26898,71],{"class":70},[52,26900,91],{"class":66},[52,26902,83],{"class":70},[52,26904,26905],{"class":74},"missing",[52,26907,71],{"class":70},[52,26909,151],{"class":66},[52,26911,26912],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,26913,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,26915,26916,26918,26920,26923,26925],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,26917,142],{"class":141},[52,26919,145],{"class":66},[52,26921,26922],{"class":124},"result1",[52,26924,4014],{"class":66},[52,26926,26927],{"class":4017},"  # 10\n",[52,26929,26930,26932,26934,26937,26939],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,26931,142],{"class":141},[52,26933,145],{"class":66},[52,26935,26936],{"class":124},"result2",[52,26938,4014],{"class":66},[52,26940,26941],{"class":4017},"  # missing\n",[52,26943,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,26945,142],{"class":141},[52,26947,145],{"class":66},[52,26949,1868],{"class":124},[52,26951,4014],{"class":66},[52,26953,26954],{"class":4017},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26956,26957,26958,6983],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[257,26959,26960],{"href":11081},[15,26961,26962],{},"dict.get()",[38,26964,1063,26966],{"id":26965},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26967,13087],{},[20,26969,222,26970,1070],{},[15,26971,13087],{},[234,26973,26974,26977,26980],{},[237,26975,26976],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[237,26978,26979],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[237,26981,26982],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26984,309],{},[43,26986,26988],{"className":45,"code":26987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26989,26990,27042,27046,27073,27077,27101,27105,27119,27133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26991,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27026,27028,27030,27033,27035,27037,27040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26993,25255],{"class":58},[52,26995,63],{"class":62},[52,26997,67],{"class":66},[52,26999,71],{"class":70},[52,27001,75],{"class":74},[52,27003,71],{"class":70},[52,27005,80],{"class":66},[52,27007,83],{"class":70},[52,27009,27010],{"class":74},"Laptop",[52,27012,71],{"class":70},[52,27014,91],{"class":66},[52,27016,83],{"class":70},[52,27018,25281],{"class":74},[52,27020,71],{"class":70},[52,27022,80],{"class":66},[52,27024,27025],{"class":103}," 1200",[52,27027,91],{"class":66},[52,27029,83],{"class":70},[52,27031,27032],{"class":74},"discount",[52,27034,71],{"class":70},[52,27036,80],{"class":66},[52,27038,27039],{"class":103}," 200",[52,27041,107],{"class":66},[52,27043,27044],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27045,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27047,27048,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27049,27050],{"class":58},"discount_amount ",[52,27052,63],{"class":62},[52,27054,25333],{"class":58},[52,27056,121],{"class":66},[52,27058,26373],{"class":124},[52,27060,145],{"class":66},[52,27062,71],{"class":70},[52,27064,27032],{"class":74},[52,27066,71],{"class":70},[52,27068,91],{"class":66},[52,27070,4189],{"class":103},[52,27072,151],{"class":66},[52,27074,27075],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27076,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27078,27079,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27080,27081],{"class":58},"final_price ",[52,27083,63],{"class":62},[52,27085,25333],{"class":58},[52,27087,513],{"class":66},[52,27089,71],{"class":70},[52,27091,25281],{"class":74},[52,27093,71],{"class":70},[52,27095,522],{"class":66},[52,27097,2569],{"class":62},[52,27099,27100],{"class":58}," discount_amount\n",[52,27102,27103],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,27104,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27106,27107,27109,27111,27114,27116],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,27108,142],{"class":141},[52,27110,145],{"class":66},[52,27112,27113],{"class":124},"discount_amount",[52,27115,4014],{"class":66},[52,27117,27118],{"class":4017},"  # 200\n",[52,27120,27121,27123,27125,27128,27130],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,27122,142],{"class":141},[52,27124,145],{"class":66},[52,27126,27127],{"class":124},"final_price",[52,27129,4014],{"class":66},[52,27131,27132],{"class":4017},"      # 1000\n",[52,27134,27135,27137,27139,27142,27144],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,27136,142],{"class":141},[52,27138,145],{"class":66},[52,27140,27141],{"class":124},"product",[52,27143,4014],{"class":66},[52,27145,27146],{"class":4017},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27148,27149],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[38,27151,27153,10931,27155],{"id":27152},"pop-vs-del",[15,27154,13087],{},[15,27156,27157],{},"del",[20,27159,10936,27160,2218,27162,27164],{},[15,27161,13087],{},[15,27163,27157],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1335,27166,222,27168,27170],{"id":27167},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27169,13087],{}," when you need the removed value",[43,27172,27174],{"className":45,"code":27173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27175,27176,27212,27216,27238,27242,27255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27177,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27179,451],{"class":58},[52,27181,63],{"class":62},[52,27183,67],{"class":66},[52,27185,71],{"class":70},[52,27187,75],{"class":74},[52,27189,71],{"class":70},[52,27191,80],{"class":66},[52,27193,83],{"class":70},[52,27195,86],{"class":74},[52,27197,71],{"class":70},[52,27199,91],{"class":66},[52,27201,83],{"class":70},[52,27203,96],{"class":74},[52,27205,71],{"class":70},[52,27207,80],{"class":66},[52,27209,483],{"class":103},[52,27211,107],{"class":66},[52,27213,27214],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27215,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27217,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27219,21758],{"class":58},[52,27221,63],{"class":62},[52,27223,495],{"class":58},[52,27225,121],{"class":66},[52,27227,26373],{"class":124},[52,27229,145],{"class":66},[52,27231,71],{"class":70},[52,27233,96],{"class":74},[52,27235,71],{"class":70},[52,27237,151],{"class":66},[52,27239,27240],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27241,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27243,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27245,142],{"class":141},[52,27247,145],{"class":66},[52,27249,96],{"class":124},[52,27251,4014],{"class":66},[52,27253,27254],{"class":4017},"     # 25\n",[52,27256,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,27258,142],{"class":141},[52,27260,145],{"class":66},[52,27262,17434],{"class":124},[52,27264,4014],{"class":66},[52,27266,27267],{"class":4017},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1335,27269,222,27271,27273],{"id":27270},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27272,27157],{}," when you only want deletion",[43,27275,27277],{"className":45,"code":27276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27278,27279,27315,27319,27335,27339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27280,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27282,451],{"class":58},[52,27284,63],{"class":62},[52,27286,67],{"class":66},[52,27288,71],{"class":70},[52,27290,75],{"class":74},[52,27292,71],{"class":70},[52,27294,80],{"class":66},[52,27296,83],{"class":70},[52,27298,86],{"class":74},[52,27300,71],{"class":70},[52,27302,91],{"class":66},[52,27304,83],{"class":70},[52,27306,96],{"class":74},[52,27308,71],{"class":70},[52,27310,80],{"class":66},[52,27312,483],{"class":103},[52,27314,107],{"class":66},[52,27316,27317],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27318,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27320,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27322,27157],{"class":163},[52,27324,495],{"class":58},[52,27326,513],{"class":66},[52,27328,71],{"class":70},[52,27330,96],{"class":74},[52,27332,71],{"class":70},[52,27334,766],{"class":66},[52,27336,27337],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27338,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27340,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27342,142],{"class":141},[52,27344,145],{"class":66},[52,27346,17434],{"class":124},[52,27348,4014],{"class":66},[52,27350,27267],{"class":4017},[20,27352,27353],{},"Difference:",[234,27355,27356,27361],{},[237,27357,27358,27360],{},[15,27359,13087],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[237,27362,27363,27365],{},[15,27364,27157],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27367,27368,27369,121],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[257,27370,12900],{"href":12899},[38,27372,27374,27375],{"id":27373},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27376,19816],{},[20,27378,27379],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1335,27381,27383],{"id":27382},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[43,27385,27387],{"className":45,"code":27386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27388,27389,27414,27418,27444,27448,27460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27390,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27410,27412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27392,12058],{"class":58},[52,27394,63],{"class":62},[52,27396,67],{"class":66},[52,27398,71],{"class":70},[52,27400,75],{"class":74},[52,27402,71],{"class":70},[52,27404,80],{"class":66},[52,27406,83],{"class":70},[52,27408,27409],{"class":74},"Sara",[52,27411,71],{"class":70},[52,27413,107],{"class":66},[52,27415,27416],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27417,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27419,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27421,2796],{"class":58},[52,27423,63],{"class":62},[52,27425,12099],{"class":58},[52,27427,121],{"class":66},[52,27429,26373],{"class":124},[52,27431,145],{"class":66},[52,27433,71],{"class":70},[52,27435,96],{"class":74},[52,27437,71],{"class":70},[52,27439,91],{"class":66},[52,27441,4208],{"class":218},[52,27443,151],{"class":66},[52,27445,27446],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27447,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27449,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27451,142],{"class":141},[52,27453,145],{"class":66},[52,27455,2823],{"class":124},[52,27457,4014],{"class":66},[52,27459,20690],{"class":4017},[52,27461,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,27463,142],{"class":141},[52,27465,145],{"class":66},[52,27467,11789],{"class":124},[52,27469,4014],{"class":66},[52,27471,27472],{"class":4017}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27474,27475],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1335,27477,27479],{"id":27478},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[43,27481,27483],{"className":45,"code":27482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27484,27485,27509,27513,27529,27552,27562,27569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27486,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27488,12058],{"class":58},[52,27490,63],{"class":62},[52,27492,67],{"class":66},[52,27494,71],{"class":70},[52,27496,75],{"class":74},[52,27498,71],{"class":70},[52,27500,80],{"class":66},[52,27502,83],{"class":70},[52,27504,27409],{"class":74},[52,27506,71],{"class":70},[52,27508,107],{"class":66},[52,27510,27511],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27512,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27514,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27516,7350],{"class":163},[52,27518,83],{"class":70},[52,27520,96],{"class":74},[52,27522,71],{"class":70},[52,27524,21303],{"class":62},[52,27526,12099],{"class":58},[52,27528,6748],{"class":66},[52,27530,27531,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27532,27533],{"class":58},"    value ",[52,27535,63],{"class":62},[52,27537,12099],{"class":58},[52,27539,121],{"class":66},[52,27541,26373],{"class":124},[52,27543,145],{"class":66},[52,27545,71],{"class":70},[52,27547,96],{"class":74},[52,27549,71],{"class":70},[52,27551,151],{"class":66},[52,27553,27554,27556,27558,27560],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27555,8423],{"class":141},[52,27557,145],{"class":66},[52,27559,2823],{"class":124},[52,27561,151],{"class":66},[52,27563,27564,27567],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,27565,27566],{"class":163},"else",[52,27568,6748],{"class":66},[52,27570,27571,27573,27575,27577,27580,27582],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,27572,8423],{"class":141},[52,27574,145],{"class":66},[52,27576,71],{"class":70},[52,27578,27579],{"class":74},"Key not found",[52,27581,71],{"class":70},[52,27583,151],{"class":66},[1335,27585,27587,27588,27590],{"id":27586},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27589,11084],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[43,27592,27594],{"className":45,"code":27593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27595,27596,27620,27624,27650,27654,27666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27597,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27599,12058],{"class":58},[52,27601,63],{"class":62},[52,27603,67],{"class":66},[52,27605,71],{"class":70},[52,27607,75],{"class":74},[52,27609,71],{"class":70},[52,27611,80],{"class":66},[52,27613,83],{"class":70},[52,27615,27409],{"class":74},[52,27617,71],{"class":70},[52,27619,107],{"class":66},[52,27621,27622],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27625,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27627,2796],{"class":58},[52,27629,63],{"class":62},[52,27631,12099],{"class":58},[52,27633,121],{"class":66},[52,27635,19879],{"class":124},[52,27637,145],{"class":66},[52,27639,71],{"class":70},[52,27641,96],{"class":74},[52,27643,71],{"class":70},[52,27645,91],{"class":66},[52,27647,4208],{"class":218},[52,27649,151],{"class":66},[52,27651,27652],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27653,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27655,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27657,142],{"class":141},[52,27659,145],{"class":66},[52,27661,2823],{"class":124},[52,27663,4014],{"class":66},[52,27665,20690],{"class":4017},[52,27667,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,27669,142],{"class":141},[52,27671,145],{"class":66},[52,27673,11789],{"class":124},[52,27675,4014],{"class":66},[52,27677,27472],{"class":4017},[20,27679,222,27680,27684,27685,121],{},[257,27681,27682],{"href":11081},[15,27683,26962],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[257,27686,11605],{"href":11418},[38,27688,4873],{"id":4872},[20,27690,27691,27692,121],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27693,12895],{},[1335,27695,25906,27697,27699],{"id":27696},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27698,13087],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27701,27702],{},"Lists use indexes:",[43,27704,27706],{"className":45,"code":27705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27707,27708,27728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27709,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27711,3971],{"class":58},[52,27713,63],{"class":62},[52,27715,755],{"class":66},[52,27717,2679],{"class":103},[52,27719,91],{"class":66},[52,27721,104],{"class":103},[52,27723,91],{"class":66},[52,27725,8148],{"class":103},[52,27727,766],{"class":66},[52,27729,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27731,142],{"class":141},[52,27733,145],{"class":66},[52,27735,4001],{"class":124},[52,27737,121],{"class":66},[52,27739,26373],{"class":124},[52,27741,145],{"class":66},[52,27743,3339],{"class":103},[52,27745,5715],{"class":66},[52,27747,27748],{"class":4017},"  # 20\n",[20,27750,27751],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[43,27753,27755],{"className":45,"code":27754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27756,27757,27793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27758,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27760,451],{"class":58},[52,27762,63],{"class":62},[52,27764,67],{"class":66},[52,27766,71],{"class":70},[52,27768,75],{"class":74},[52,27770,71],{"class":70},[52,27772,80],{"class":66},[52,27774,83],{"class":70},[52,27776,86],{"class":74},[52,27778,71],{"class":70},[52,27780,91],{"class":66},[52,27782,83],{"class":70},[52,27784,96],{"class":74},[52,27786,71],{"class":70},[52,27788,80],{"class":66},[52,27790,483],{"class":103},[52,27792,107],{"class":66},[52,27794,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27796,142],{"class":141},[52,27798,145],{"class":66},[52,27800,17434],{"class":124},[52,27802,121],{"class":66},[52,27804,26373],{"class":124},[52,27806,145],{"class":66},[52,27808,71],{"class":70},[52,27810,96],{"class":74},[52,27812,71],{"class":70},[52,27814,5715],{"class":66},[52,27816,27817],{"class":4017},"  # 25\n",[20,27819,27820,27821,27823,27824,27826],{},"A dictionary does ",[33,27822,1332],{}," use positions with ",[15,27825,13087],{},". It uses keys.",[1335,27828,5058,27830,27832],{"id":27829},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27831,13087],{}," changes the original dictionary",[43,27834,27836],{"className":45,"code":27835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27837,27838,27870,27874,27896,27900,27913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27839,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27841,1815],{"class":58},[52,27843,63],{"class":62},[52,27845,67],{"class":66},[52,27847,71],{"class":70},[52,27849,1357],{"class":74},[52,27851,71],{"class":70},[52,27853,80],{"class":66},[52,27855,1364],{"class":103},[52,27857,91],{"class":66},[52,27859,83],{"class":70},[52,27861,1371],{"class":74},[52,27863,71],{"class":70},[52,27865,80],{"class":66},[52,27867,1378],{"class":103},[52,27869,107],{"class":66},[52,27871,27872],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27875,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27877,2796],{"class":58},[52,27879,63],{"class":62},[52,27881,1853],{"class":58},[52,27883,121],{"class":66},[52,27885,26373],{"class":124},[52,27887,145],{"class":66},[52,27889,71],{"class":70},[52,27891,1357],{"class":74},[52,27893,71],{"class":70},[52,27895,151],{"class":66},[52,27897,27898],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27899,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27901,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,27903,142],{"class":141},[52,27905,145],{"class":66},[52,27907,2823],{"class":124},[52,27909,4014],{"class":66},[52,27911,27912],{"class":4017},"  # 1\n",[52,27914,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,27916,142],{"class":141},[52,27918,145],{"class":66},[52,27920,1868],{"class":124},[52,27922,4014],{"class":66},[52,27924,27925],{"class":4017},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27927,27928,27929,27931],{},"After ",[15,27930,13087],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1335,27933,1326,27935,27937],{"id":27934},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27936,13087],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[43,27939,27941],{"className":45,"code":27940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27942,27943,27967,27971,27976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27944,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27946,1815],{"class":58},[52,27948,63],{"class":62},[52,27950,67],{"class":66},[52,27952,71],{"class":70},[52,27954,75],{"class":74},[52,27956,71],{"class":70},[52,27958,80],{"class":66},[52,27960,83],{"class":70},[52,27962,8275],{"class":74},[52,27964,71],{"class":70},[52,27966,107],{"class":66},[52,27968,27969],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,27970,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,27972,27973],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27974,27975],{"class":4017},"# This causes an error\n",[52,27977,27978],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27979,27980],{"class":4017},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27982,27983],{},"Safer version:",[43,27985,27987],{"className":45,"code":27986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27988,27989,28013,28017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27990,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27992,1815],{"class":58},[52,27994,63],{"class":62},[52,27996,67],{"class":66},[52,27998,71],{"class":70},[52,28000,75],{"class":74},[52,28002,71],{"class":70},[52,28004,80],{"class":66},[52,28006,83],{"class":70},[52,28008,8275],{"class":74},[52,28010,71],{"class":70},[52,28012,107],{"class":66},[52,28014,28015],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28016,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,28018,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28020,142],{"class":141},[52,28022,145],{"class":66},[52,28024,1868],{"class":124},[52,28026,121],{"class":66},[52,28028,26373],{"class":124},[52,28030,145],{"class":66},[52,28032,71],{"class":70},[52,28034,96],{"class":74},[52,28036,71],{"class":70},[52,28038,91],{"class":66},[52,28040,83],{"class":70},[52,28042,26905],{"class":74},[52,28044,71],{"class":70},[52,28046,5715],{"class":66},[52,28048,26941],{"class":4017},[1335,28050,8807,28052,28054],{"id":28051},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28053,13087],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[43,28056,28058],{"className":45,"code":28057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28059,28060,28092,28096,28118,28122,28134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28061,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28063,1815],{"class":58},[52,28065,63],{"class":62},[52,28067,67],{"class":66},[52,28069,71],{"class":70},[52,28071,257],{"class":74},[52,28073,71],{"class":70},[52,28075,80],{"class":66},[52,28077,1364],{"class":103},[52,28079,91],{"class":66},[52,28081,83],{"class":70},[52,28083,345],{"class":74},[52,28085,71],{"class":70},[52,28087,80],{"class":66},[52,28089,1378],{"class":103},[52,28091,107],{"class":66},[52,28093,28094],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28095,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,28097,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28099,2577],{"class":58},[52,28101,63],{"class":62},[52,28103,1853],{"class":58},[52,28105,121],{"class":66},[52,28107,26373],{"class":124},[52,28109,145],{"class":66},[52,28111,71],{"class":70},[52,28113,257],{"class":74},[52,28115,71],{"class":70},[52,28117,151],{"class":66},[52,28119,28120],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,28121,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,28123,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,28125,142],{"class":141},[52,28127,145],{"class":66},[52,28129,2612],{"class":124},[52,28131,4014],{"class":66},[52,28133,27912],{"class":4017},[52,28135,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,28137,142],{"class":141},[52,28139,145],{"class":66},[52,28141,1868],{"class":124},[52,28143,4014],{"class":66},[52,28145,28146],{"class":4017},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28148,28149],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[38,28151,28153],{"id":28152},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28155,28156,28157,28159],{},"Problems with ",[15,28158,12895],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[234,28161,28162,28165,28174,28177],{},[237,28163,28164],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[237,28166,28167,28168,28171,28172],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28169,28170],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28173,26469],{},[237,28175,28176],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[237,28178,28179,28180,2034,28182],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28181,3339],{},[15,28183,28184],{},"\"1\"",[20,28186,28187],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[43,28189,28191],{"className":45,"code":28190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28192,28193,28217,28221,28251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28194,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28196,1815],{"class":58},[52,28198,63],{"class":62},[52,28200,67],{"class":66},[52,28202,71],{"class":70},[52,28204,3339],{"class":74},[52,28206,71],{"class":70},[52,28208,80],{"class":66},[52,28210,83],{"class":70},[52,28212,6937],{"class":74},[52,28214,71],{"class":70},[52,28216,107],{"class":66},[52,28218,28219],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28220,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,28222,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28244,28246,28248],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28224,142],{"class":141},[52,28226,145],{"class":66},[52,28228,1868],{"class":124},[52,28230,121],{"class":66},[52,28232,26373],{"class":124},[52,28234,145],{"class":66},[52,28236,3339],{"class":103},[52,28238,91],{"class":66},[52,28240,83],{"class":70},[52,28242,28243],{"class":74},"not found",[52,28245,71],{"class":70},[52,28247,5715],{"class":66},[52,28249,28250],{"class":4017},"    # not found\n",[52,28252,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,28254,142],{"class":141},[52,28256,145],{"class":66},[52,28258,1868],{"class":124},[52,28260,121],{"class":66},[52,28262,26373],{"class":124},[52,28264,145],{"class":66},[52,28266,71],{"class":70},[52,28268,3339],{"class":74},[52,28270,71],{"class":70},[52,28272,91],{"class":66},[52,28274,83],{"class":70},[52,28276,28243],{"class":74},[52,28278,71],{"class":70},[52,28280,5715],{"class":66},[52,28282,28283],{"class":4017},"  # one\n",[20,28285,28286,2218,28288,28290],{},[15,28287,3339],{},[15,28289,28184],{}," are different keys.",[38,28292,9227],{"id":9226},[20,28294,9230,28295,28297],{},[15,28296,13087],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,28299,28301],{"className":45,"code":28300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28302,28303,28313,28327,28345,28375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28304,28305,28307,28309,28311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28306,142],{"class":141},[52,28308,145],{"class":66},[52,28310,11789],{"class":124},[52,28312,151],{"class":66},[52,28314,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28316,142],{"class":141},[52,28318,145],{"class":66},[52,28320,11789],{"class":124},[52,28322,121],{"class":66},[52,28324,17050],{"class":124},[52,28326,7547],{"class":66},[52,28328,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28330,142],{"class":141},[52,28332,145],{"class":66},[52,28334,186],{"class":70},[52,28336,75],{"class":74},[52,28338,186],{"class":70},[52,28340,21303],{"class":163},[52,28342,12099],{"class":124},[52,28344,151],{"class":66},[52,28346,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,28348,142],{"class":141},[52,28350,145],{"class":66},[52,28352,11789],{"class":124},[52,28354,121],{"class":66},[52,28356,26373],{"class":124},[52,28358,145],{"class":66},[52,28360,186],{"class":70},[52,28362,75],{"class":74},[52,28364,186],{"class":70},[52,28366,91],{"class":66},[52,28368,195],{"class":70},[52,28370,26905],{"class":74},[52,28372,186],{"class":70},[52,28374,2120],{"class":66},[52,28376,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,28378,142],{"class":141},[52,28380,145],{"class":66},[52,28382,3573],{"class":3251},[52,28384,145],{"class":66},[52,28386,11789],{"class":124},[52,28388,2120],{"class":66},[20,28390,21466],{},[234,28392,28393,28398,28403,28408,28414],{},[237,28394,28395,28397],{},[15,28396,13004],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[237,28399,28400,28402],{},[15,28401,21478],{}," shows all available keys",[237,28404,28405,28407],{},[15,28406,21484],{}," checks whether a key exists",[237,28409,28410,28413],{},[15,28411,28412],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[237,28415,28416,28418],{},[15,28417,13010],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28420,28421,28422,121],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[257,28423,265],{"href":9739},[38,28425,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,28427,28429,28430,28432],{"id":28428},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28431,13087],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28434,28435],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1335,28437,28439],{"id":28438},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28441,28442,26670,28444,28446,28447,28449],{},[15,28443,26469],{},[15,28445,19816],{},". ",[15,28448,26473],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1335,28451,2195,28453,2198],{"id":28452},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28454,13087],{},[20,28456,28457],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1335,28459,28461,28462,28464],{"id":28460},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28463,13087],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28466,28467,28468,28470,28471,121],{},"Not with ",[15,28469,12895],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[257,28472,28473],{"href":12906},[15,28474,13094],{},[1335,28476,2215,28478,2218,28480,2221],{"id":28477},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28479,11084],{},[15,28481,13087],{},[20,28483,28484,28486,28487,28489],{},[15,28485,11084],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28488,13087],{}," reads and removes it.",[38,28491,2240],{"id":2239},[234,28493,28494,28500,28507,28511,28515,28519],{},[237,28495,28496],{},[257,28497,28498],{"href":11081},[15,28499,19797],{},[237,28501,28502],{},[257,28503,28504],{"href":12906},[15,28505,28506],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[237,28508,28509],{},[257,28510,13110],{"href":12899},[237,28512,28513],{},[257,28514,21587],{"href":16723},[237,28516,28517],{},[257,28518,11605],{"href":11418},[237,28520,28521],{},[257,28522,28524],{"href":28523},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2278,28526,28527],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":28529},[28530,28531,28533,28534,28535,28537,28544,28551,28561,28562,28563,28574],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":26480,"depth":110,"text":28532},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":26965,"depth":110,"text":28536},"When to use pop()",{"id":27152,"depth":110,"text":28538,"children":28539},"pop() vs del",[28540,28542],{"id":27167,"depth":131,"text":28541},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27270,"depth":131,"text":28543},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27373,"depth":110,"text":28545,"children":28546},"How to avoid KeyError",[28547,28548,28549],{"id":27382,"depth":131,"text":27383},{"id":27478,"depth":131,"text":27479},{"id":27586,"depth":131,"text":28550},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":28552},[28553,28555,28557,28559],{"id":27696,"depth":131,"text":28554},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27829,"depth":131,"text":28556},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27934,"depth":131,"text":28558},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28051,"depth":131,"text":28560},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28152,"depth":110,"text":28153},{"id":9226,"depth":110,"text":9227},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":28564},[28565,28567,28568,28570,28572],{"id":28428,"depth":131,"text":28566},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28438,"depth":131,"text":28439},{"id":28452,"depth":131,"text":28569},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28460,"depth":131,"text":28571},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28477,"depth":131,"text":28573},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26301,"description":28575},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28582,"title":28506,"body":28583,"description":30523,"extension":2310,"meta":30524,"navigation":134,"path":30525,"seo":30526,"stem":30527,"__hash__":30528},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28584,"toc":30487},[28585,28590,28595,28598,28606,28616,28618,28707,28711,28760,28765,28770,28774,28790,28793,28795,28810,28812,28828,28835,28839,28845,28854,28856,28925,28929,28950,28953,28972,28975,28998,29000,29003,29118,29122,29181,29188,29192,29198,29323,29327,29377,29380,29384,29391,29393,29456,29460,29481,29484,29493,29508,29516,29523,29527,29539,29543,29554,29556,29702,29706,29765,29772,29777,29781,29787,29810,29815,29834,29838,29909,29916,29989,29998,30003,30008,30019,30022,30159,30164,30196,30201,30203,30207,30267,30270,30327,30330,30373,30375,30380,30386,30392,30395,30402,30410,30415,30418,30425,30433,30435,30484],[10,28586,13,28588,18],{"id":28587},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28589,13094],{},[20,28591,2327,28592,28594],{},[15,28593,13094],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28596,28597],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[234,28599,28600,28603],{},[237,28601,28602],{},"remove an item",[237,28604,28605],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28607,28608,28609,28611,28612,28615],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28610,13094],{}," removes the ",[33,28613,28614],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[38,28617,41],{"id":40},[43,28619,28621],{"className":45,"code":28620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28622,28623,28667,28683,28687,28697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28624,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28626,1815],{"class":58},[52,28628,63],{"class":62},[52,28630,67],{"class":66},[52,28632,71],{"class":70},[52,28634,257],{"class":74},[52,28636,71],{"class":70},[52,28638,80],{"class":66},[52,28640,1364],{"class":103},[52,28642,91],{"class":66},[52,28644,83],{"class":70},[52,28646,345],{"class":74},[52,28648,71],{"class":70},[52,28650,80],{"class":66},[52,28652,1378],{"class":103},[52,28654,91],{"class":66},[52,28656,83],{"class":70},[52,28658,10087],{"class":74},[52,28660,71],{"class":70},[52,28662,80],{"class":66},[52,28664,2801],{"class":103},[52,28666,107],{"class":66},[52,28668,28669,28672,28674,28676,28678,28681],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28670,28671],{"class":58},"item ",[52,28673,63],{"class":62},[52,28675,1853],{"class":58},[52,28677,121],{"class":66},[52,28679,28680],{"class":124},"popitem",[52,28682,128],{"class":66},[52,28684,28685],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28686,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,28688,28689,28691,28693,28695],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,28690,142],{"class":141},[52,28692,145],{"class":66},[52,28694,23441],{"class":124},[52,28696,151],{"class":66},[52,28698,28699,28701,28703,28705],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,28700,142],{"class":141},[52,28702,145],{"class":66},[52,28704,1868],{"class":124},[52,28706,151],{"class":66},[20,28708,28709],{},[33,28710,173],{},[43,28712,28714],{"className":45,"code":28713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28715,28716,28732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28717,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28719,145],{"class":66},[52,28721,186],{"class":70},[52,28723,10087],{"class":74},[52,28725,186],{"class":70},[52,28727,91],{"class":66},[52,28729,2801],{"class":103},[52,28731,151],{"class":66},[52,28733,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28735,183],{"class":66},[52,28737,186],{"class":70},[52,28739,257],{"class":74},[52,28741,186],{"class":70},[52,28743,80],{"class":66},[52,28745,1364],{"class":103},[52,28747,91],{"class":66},[52,28749,195],{"class":70},[52,28751,345],{"class":74},[52,28753,186],{"class":70},[52,28755,80],{"class":66},[52,28757,1378],{"class":103},[52,28759,107],{"class":66},[20,28761,28762,28764],{},[15,28763,13094],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[38,28766,4031,28768,4034],{"id":28767},"what-popitem-does",[15,28769,13094],{},[20,28771,28772,80],{},[15,28773,13094],{},[234,28775,28776,28779,28784,28787],{},[237,28777,28778],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[237,28780,28781,28782],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28783,21785],{},[237,28785,28786],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[237,28788,28789],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28791,28792],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[38,28794,269],{"id":268},[43,28796,28798],{"className":45,"code":28797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28799,28800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28801,28802,28804,28806,28808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28803,15730],{"class":58},[52,28805,121],{"class":66},[52,28807,28680],{"class":124},[52,28809,128],{"class":66},[20,28811,11798],{},[234,28813,28814,28822,28825],{},[237,28815,28816,28818,28819],{},[15,28817,13094],{}," takes ",[33,28820,28821],{},"no arguments",[237,28823,28824],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[237,28826,28827],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28829,28830,28831,6983],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[257,28832,28833],{"href":12892},[15,28834,13087],{},[38,28836,28838],{"id":28837},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28840,28841,28842,28844],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28843,13094],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28846,28847,28848,28851],"ol",{},[237,28849,28850],{},"the key",[237,28852,28853],{},"the value",[20,28855,309],{},[43,28857,28859],{"className":45,"code":28858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28860,28861,28897,28911,28915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28862,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28864,451],{"class":58},[52,28866,63],{"class":62},[52,28868,67],{"class":66},[52,28870,71],{"class":70},[52,28872,75],{"class":74},[52,28874,71],{"class":70},[52,28876,80],{"class":66},[52,28878,83],{"class":70},[52,28880,5356],{"class":74},[52,28882,71],{"class":70},[52,28884,91],{"class":66},[52,28886,83],{"class":70},[52,28888,96],{"class":74},[52,28890,71],{"class":70},[52,28892,80],{"class":66},[52,28894,483],{"class":103},[52,28896,107],{"class":66},[52,28898,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,28900,2577],{"class":58},[52,28902,63],{"class":62},[52,28904,495],{"class":58},[52,28906,121],{"class":66},[52,28908,28680],{"class":124},[52,28910,128],{"class":66},[52,28912,28913],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28914,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,28916,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,28918,142],{"class":141},[52,28920,145],{"class":66},[52,28922,2612],{"class":124},[52,28924,151],{"class":66},[20,28926,28927],{},[33,28928,173],{},[43,28930,28932],{"className":45,"code":28931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28933,28934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28935,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28937,145],{"class":66},[52,28939,186],{"class":70},[52,28941,96],{"class":74},[52,28943,186],{"class":70},[52,28945,91],{"class":66},[52,28947,483],{"class":103},[52,28949,151],{"class":66},[20,28951,28952],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[43,28954,28956],{"className":45,"code":28955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28957,28958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28959,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28961,2577],{"class":58},[52,28963,63],{"class":62},[52,28965,495],{"class":58},[52,28967,121],{"class":66},[52,28969,28680],{"class":124},[52,28971,128],{"class":66},[20,28973,28974],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[43,28976,28978],{"className":45,"code":28977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28979,28980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28981,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28983,2139],{"class":58},[52,28985,91],{"class":66},[52,28987,21714],{"class":58},[52,28989,63],{"class":62},[52,28991,495],{"class":58},[52,28993,121],{"class":66},[52,28995,28680],{"class":124},[52,28997,128],{"class":66},[38,28999,438],{"id":437},[20,29001,29002],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[43,29004,29006],{"className":45,"code":29005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29007,29008,29056,29060,29075,29079,29099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29009,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29021,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29040,29042,29044,29047,29049,29051,29054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29011,5416],{"class":58},[52,29013,63],{"class":62},[52,29015,67],{"class":66},[52,29017,71],{"class":70},[52,29019,29020],{"class":74},"Tom",[52,29022,71],{"class":70},[52,29024,80],{"class":66},[52,29026,5428],{"class":103},[52,29028,91],{"class":66},[52,29030,83],{"class":70},[52,29032,86],{"class":74},[52,29034,71],{"class":70},[52,29036,80],{"class":66},[52,29038,29039],{"class":103}," 95",[52,29041,91],{"class":66},[52,29043,83],{"class":70},[52,29045,29046],{"class":74},"Leo",[52,29048,71],{"class":70},[52,29050,80],{"class":66},[52,29052,29053],{"class":103}," 88",[52,29055,107],{"class":66},[52,29057,29058],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29059,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29061,29062,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29063,29064],{"class":58},"removed_pair ",[52,29066,63],{"class":62},[52,29068,5463],{"class":58},[52,29070,121],{"class":66},[52,29072,28680],{"class":124},[52,29074,128],{"class":66},[52,29076,29077],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29078,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29080,29081,29083,29085,29087,29090,29092,29094,29097],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,29082,142],{"class":141},[52,29084,145],{"class":66},[52,29086,71],{"class":70},[52,29088,29089],{"class":74},"Removed:",[52,29091,71],{"class":70},[52,29093,91],{"class":66},[52,29095,29096],{"class":124}," removed_pair",[52,29098,151],{"class":66},[52,29100,29101,29103,29105,29107,29110,29112,29114,29116],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,29102,142],{"class":141},[52,29104,145],{"class":66},[52,29106,71],{"class":70},[52,29108,29109],{"class":74},"After removal:",[52,29111,71],{"class":70},[52,29113,91],{"class":66},[52,29115,5463],{"class":124},[52,29117,151],{"class":66},[20,29119,29120],{},[33,29121,173],{},[43,29123,29125],{"className":45,"code":29124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29126,29127,29148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29128,29129,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29130,29131],{"class":58},"Removed",[52,29133,80],{"class":66},[52,29135,9588],{"class":66},[52,29137,186],{"class":70},[52,29139,29046],{"class":74},[52,29141,186],{"class":70},[52,29143,91],{"class":66},[52,29145,29053],{"class":103},[52,29147,151],{"class":66},[52,29149,29150,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29151,29152],{"class":58},"After removal",[52,29154,80],{"class":66},[52,29156,67],{"class":66},[52,29158,186],{"class":70},[52,29160,29020],{"class":74},[52,29162,186],{"class":70},[52,29164,80],{"class":66},[52,29166,5428],{"class":103},[52,29168,91],{"class":66},[52,29170,195],{"class":70},[52,29172,86],{"class":74},[52,29174,186],{"class":70},[52,29176,80],{"class":66},[52,29178,29039],{"class":103},[52,29180,107],{"class":66},[20,29182,29183,29184,29187],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29185,29186],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[38,29189,29191],{"id":29190},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29193,29194,29195,29197],{},"Because ",[15,29196,13094],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[43,29199,29201],{"className":45,"code":29200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29202,29203,29239,29243,29262,29266,29285,29304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29204,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29206,15573],{"class":58},[52,29208,63],{"class":62},[52,29210,67],{"class":66},[52,29212,71],{"class":70},[52,29214,15584],{"class":74},[52,29216,71],{"class":70},[52,29218,80],{"class":66},[52,29220,83],{"class":70},[52,29222,15593],{"class":74},[52,29224,71],{"class":70},[52,29226,91],{"class":66},[52,29228,83],{"class":70},[52,29230,15604],{"class":74},[52,29232,71],{"class":70},[52,29234,80],{"class":66},[52,29236,27039],{"class":103},[52,29238,107],{"class":66},[52,29240,29241],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29242,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29244,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29256,29258,29260],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29246,2139],{"class":58},[52,29248,91],{"class":66},[52,29250,21714],{"class":58},[52,29252,63],{"class":62},[52,29254,29255],{"class":58}," book",[52,29257,121],{"class":66},[52,29259,28680],{"class":124},[52,29261,128],{"class":66},[52,29263,29264],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29265,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29267,29268,29270,29272,29274,29277,29279,29281,29283],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,29269,142],{"class":141},[52,29271,145],{"class":66},[52,29273,71],{"class":70},[52,29275,29276],{"class":74},"Key:",[52,29278,71],{"class":70},[52,29280,91],{"class":66},[52,29282,21709],{"class":124},[52,29284,151],{"class":66},[52,29286,29287,29289,29291,29293,29296,29298,29300,29302],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,29288,142],{"class":141},[52,29290,145],{"class":66},[52,29292,71],{"class":70},[52,29294,29295],{"class":74},"Value:",[52,29297,71],{"class":70},[52,29299,91],{"class":66},[52,29301,8787],{"class":124},[52,29303,151],{"class":66},[52,29305,29306,29308,29310,29312,29315,29317,29319,29321],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,29307,142],{"class":141},[52,29309,145],{"class":66},[52,29311,71],{"class":70},[52,29313,29314],{"class":74},"Dictionary:",[52,29316,71],{"class":70},[52,29318,91],{"class":66},[52,29320,29255],{"class":124},[52,29322,151],{"class":66},[20,29324,29325],{},[33,29326,173],{},[43,29328,29330],{"className":45,"code":29329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29331,29332,29342,29352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29333,29334,29337,29339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29335,29336],{"class":58},"Key",[52,29338,80],{"class":66},[52,29340,29341],{"class":58}," pages\n",[52,29343,29344,29347,29349],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29345,29346],{"class":58},"Value",[52,29348,80],{"class":66},[52,29350,29351],{"class":103}," 200\n",[52,29353,29354,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29355,29356],{"class":58},"Dictionary",[52,29358,80],{"class":66},[52,29360,67],{"class":66},[52,29362,186],{"class":70},[52,29364,15584],{"class":74},[52,29366,186],{"class":70},[52,29368,80],{"class":66},[52,29370,195],{"class":70},[52,29372,15593],{"class":74},[52,29374,186],{"class":70},[52,29376,107],{"class":66},[20,29378,29379],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[38,29381,29383],{"id":29382},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29385,29386,29387,28611,29389,121],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29388,13094],{},[33,29390,28614],{},[20,29392,309],{},[43,29394,29396],{"className":45,"code":29395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29397,29398,29442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29399,29400,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29401,1815],{"class":58},[52,29403,63],{"class":62},[52,29405,67],{"class":66},[52,29407,71],{"class":70},[52,29409,1357],{"class":74},[52,29411,71],{"class":70},[52,29413,80],{"class":66},[52,29415,1364],{"class":103},[52,29417,91],{"class":66},[52,29419,83],{"class":70},[52,29421,1371],{"class":74},[52,29423,71],{"class":70},[52,29425,80],{"class":66},[52,29427,1378],{"class":103},[52,29429,91],{"class":66},[52,29431,83],{"class":70},[52,29433,22207],{"class":74},[52,29435,71],{"class":70},[52,29437,80],{"class":66},[52,29439,2801],{"class":103},[52,29441,107],{"class":66},[52,29443,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29445,142],{"class":141},[52,29447,145],{"class":66},[52,29449,1868],{"class":124},[52,29451,121],{"class":66},[52,29453,28680],{"class":124},[52,29455,7547],{"class":66},[20,29457,29458],{},[33,29459,173],{},[43,29461,29463],{"className":45,"code":29462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29464,29465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29468,145],{"class":66},[52,29470,186],{"class":70},[52,29472,22207],{"class":74},[52,29474,186],{"class":70},[52,29476,91],{"class":66},[52,29478,2801],{"class":103},[52,29480,151],{"class":66},[20,29482,29483],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29485,29486,29487,29489,29490,29492],{},"As a beginner, do ",[33,29488,1332],{}," think of ",[15,29491,13094],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29494,29495,29496,2536,29500,17199,29504,121],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[257,29497,29498],{"href":17202},[15,29499,17205],{},[257,29501,29502],{"href":17189},[15,29503,17192],{},[257,29505,29506],{"href":17195},[15,29507,17198],{},[38,29509,29511,29512,2218,29514],{"id":29510},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29513,13094],{},[15,29515,13087],{},[20,29517,29518,2218,29520,29522],{},[15,29519,13094],{},[15,29521,13087],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1335,29524,29525],{"id":28680},[15,29526,13094],{},[234,29528,29529,29532,29535],{},[237,29530,29531],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[237,29533,29534],{},"does not need a key argument",[237,29536,4046,29537],{},[15,29538,21785],{},[1335,29540,29541],{"id":26373},[15,29542,13087],{},[234,29544,29545,29548,29551],{},[237,29546,29547],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[237,29549,29550],{},"needs the key name",[237,29552,29553],{},"returns only the value",[20,29555,309],{},[43,29557,29559],{"className":45,"code":29558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29560,29561,29605,29609,29623,29643,29647,29669,29688,29692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29562,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29564,1815],{"class":58},[52,29566,63],{"class":62},[52,29568,67],{"class":66},[52,29570,71],{"class":70},[52,29572,257],{"class":74},[52,29574,71],{"class":70},[52,29576,80],{"class":66},[52,29578,1364],{"class":103},[52,29580,91],{"class":66},[52,29582,83],{"class":70},[52,29584,345],{"class":74},[52,29586,71],{"class":70},[52,29588,80],{"class":66},[52,29590,1378],{"class":103},[52,29592,91],{"class":66},[52,29594,83],{"class":70},[52,29596,10087],{"class":74},[52,29598,71],{"class":70},[52,29600,80],{"class":66},[52,29602,2801],{"class":103},[52,29604,107],{"class":66},[52,29606,29607],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29608,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29610,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29612,28671],{"class":58},[52,29614,63],{"class":62},[52,29616,1853],{"class":58},[52,29618,121],{"class":66},[52,29620,28680],{"class":124},[52,29622,128],{"class":66},[52,29624,29625,29627,29629,29631,29634,29636,29638,29641],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29626,142],{"class":141},[52,29628,145],{"class":66},[52,29630,71],{"class":70},[52,29632,29633],{"class":74},"popitem():",[52,29635,71],{"class":70},[52,29637,91],{"class":66},[52,29639,29640],{"class":124}," item",[52,29642,151],{"class":66},[52,29644,29645],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,29646,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29648,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,29650,2796],{"class":58},[52,29652,63],{"class":62},[52,29654,1853],{"class":58},[52,29656,121],{"class":66},[52,29658,26373],{"class":124},[52,29660,145],{"class":66},[52,29662,71],{"class":70},[52,29664,257],{"class":74},[52,29666,71],{"class":70},[52,29668,151],{"class":66},[52,29670,29671,29673,29675,29677,29680,29682,29684,29686],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,29672,142],{"class":141},[52,29674,145],{"class":66},[52,29676,71],{"class":70},[52,29678,29679],{"class":74},"pop('a'):",[52,29681,71],{"class":70},[52,29683,91],{"class":66},[52,29685,8787],{"class":124},[52,29687,151],{"class":66},[52,29689,29690],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,29691,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29693,29694,29696,29698,29700],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,29695,142],{"class":141},[52,29697,145],{"class":66},[52,29699,1868],{"class":124},[52,29701,151],{"class":66},[20,29703,29704],{},[33,29705,173],{},[43,29707,29709],{"className":45,"code":29708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29710,29711,29732,29749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29712,29713,29715,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726,29728,29730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29714,28680],{"class":124},[52,29716,29717],{"class":66},"():",[52,29719,9588],{"class":66},[52,29721,186],{"class":70},[52,29723,10087],{"class":74},[52,29725,186],{"class":70},[52,29727,91],{"class":66},[52,29729,2801],{"class":103},[52,29731,151],{"class":66},[52,29733,29734,29736,29738,29740,29742,29744,29746],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29735,26373],{"class":124},[52,29737,145],{"class":66},[52,29739,186],{"class":70},[52,29741,257],{"class":74},[52,29743,186],{"class":70},[52,29745,16578],{"class":66},[52,29747,29748],{"class":103}," 1\n",[52,29750,29751,29753,29755,29757,29759,29761,29763],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29752,183],{"class":66},[52,29754,186],{"class":70},[52,29756,345],{"class":74},[52,29758,186],{"class":70},[52,29760,80],{"class":66},[52,29762,1378],{"class":103},[52,29764,107],{"class":66},[20,29766,222,29767,29771],{},[257,29768,29769],{"href":12892},[15,29770,13087],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29773,222,29774,29776],{},[15,29775,13094],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[38,29778,29780],{"id":29779},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29782,29783,29784,29786],{},"Calling ",[15,29785,13094],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[43,29788,29790],{"className":45,"code":29789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29791,29792,29800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29793,29794,29796,29798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29795,1815],{"class":58},[52,29797,63],{"class":62},[52,29799,10186],{"class":66},[52,29801,29802,29804,29806,29808],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29803,1868],{"class":58},[52,29805,121],{"class":66},[52,29807,28680],{"class":124},[52,29809,128],{"class":66},[20,29811,29812],{},[33,29813,29814],{},"Error:",[43,29816,29818],{"className":45,"code":29817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29819,29820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29821,29822,29824,29826,29828,29831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29823,19816],{"class":3251},[52,29825,80],{"class":66},[52,29827,195],{"class":70},[52,29829,29830],{"class":74},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29832,29833],{"class":70},"'\n",[1335,29835,29837],{"id":29836},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[43,29839,29841],{"className":45,"code":29840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29842,29843,29851,29855,29863,29878,29888,29894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29844,29845,29847,29849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29846,1815],{"class":58},[52,29848,63],{"class":62},[52,29850,10186],{"class":66},[52,29852,29853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29854,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29856,29857,29859,29861],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29858,7350],{"class":163},[52,29860,1853],{"class":58},[52,29862,6748],{"class":66},[52,29864,29865,29868,29870,29872,29874,29876],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29866,29867],{"class":58},"    item ",[52,29869,63],{"class":62},[52,29871,1853],{"class":58},[52,29873,121],{"class":66},[52,29875,28680],{"class":124},[52,29877,128],{"class":66},[52,29879,29880,29882,29884,29886],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,29881,8423],{"class":141},[52,29883,145],{"class":66},[52,29885,23441],{"class":124},[52,29887,151],{"class":66},[52,29889,29890,29892],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,29891,27566],{"class":163},[52,29893,6748],{"class":66},[52,29895,29896,29898,29900,29902,29905,29907],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,29897,8423],{"class":141},[52,29899,145],{"class":66},[52,29901,71],{"class":70},[52,29903,29904],{"class":74},"Dictionary is empty",[52,29906,71],{"class":70},[52,29908,151],{"class":66},[1335,29910,29912,29913],{"id":29911},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29914,29915],{},"try-except",[43,29917,29919],{"className":45,"code":29918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29920,29921,29929,29933,29940,29954,29964,29974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29922,29923,29925,29927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29924,1815],{"class":58},[52,29926,63],{"class":62},[52,29928,10186],{"class":66},[52,29930,29931],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,29932,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,29934,29935,29938],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29936,29937],{"class":163},"try",[52,29939,6748],{"class":66},[52,29941,29942,29944,29946,29948,29950,29952],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29943,29867],{"class":58},[52,29945,63],{"class":62},[52,29947,1853],{"class":58},[52,29949,121],{"class":66},[52,29951,28680],{"class":124},[52,29953,128],{"class":66},[52,29955,29956,29958,29960,29962],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,29957,8423],{"class":141},[52,29959,145],{"class":66},[52,29961,23441],{"class":124},[52,29963,151],{"class":66},[52,29965,29966,29969,29972],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,29967,29968],{"class":163},"except",[52,29970,29971],{"class":3251}," KeyError",[52,29973,6748],{"class":66},[52,29975,29976,29978,29980,29982,29985,29987],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,29977,8423],{"class":141},[52,29979,145],{"class":66},[52,29981,71],{"class":70},[52,29983,29984],{"class":74},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[52,29986,71],{"class":70},[52,29988,151],{"class":66},[20,29990,29991,29992,121],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[257,29993,25811,29995],{"href":29994},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29996,29997],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[38,29999,1063,30001],{"id":30000},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30002,13094],{},[20,30004,30005,30007],{},[15,30006,13094],{}," is useful when:",[234,30009,30010,30013,30016],{},[237,30011,30012],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[237,30014,30015],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[237,30017,30018],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30020,30021],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[43,30023,30025],{"className":45,"code":30024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30026,30027,30036,30056,30076,30094,30098,30102,30112,30131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30028,30029,30032,30034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30030,30031],{"class":58},"tasks ",[52,30033,63],{"class":62},[52,30035,721],{"class":66},[52,30037,30038,30040,30043,30045,30047,30049,30052,30054],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30039,726],{"class":70},[52,30041,30042],{"class":74},"first",[52,30044,71],{"class":70},[52,30046,80],{"class":66},[52,30048,83],{"class":70},[52,30050,30051],{"class":74},"wash dishes",[52,30053,71],{"class":70},[52,30055,741],{"class":66},[52,30057,30058,30060,30063,30065,30067,30069,30072,30074],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30059,726],{"class":70},[52,30061,30062],{"class":74},"second",[52,30064,71],{"class":70},[52,30066,80],{"class":66},[52,30068,83],{"class":70},[52,30070,30071],{"class":74},"do homework",[52,30073,71],{"class":70},[52,30075,741],{"class":66},[52,30077,30078,30080,30083,30085,30087,30089,30092],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,30079,726],{"class":70},[52,30081,30082],{"class":74},"third",[52,30084,71],{"class":70},[52,30086,80],{"class":66},[52,30088,83],{"class":70},[52,30090,30091],{"class":74},"read book",[52,30093,3710],{"class":70},[52,30095,30096],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,30097,107],{"class":66},[52,30099,30100],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,30101,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,30103,30104,30107,30110],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,30105,30106],{"class":163},"while",[52,30108,30109],{"class":58}," tasks",[52,30111,6748],{"class":66},[52,30113,30114,30117,30119,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,30115,30116],{"class":58},"    key",[52,30118,91],{"class":66},[52,30120,21714],{"class":58},[52,30122,63],{"class":62},[52,30124,30109],{"class":58},[52,30126,121],{"class":66},[52,30128,28680],{"class":124},[52,30130,128],{"class":66},[52,30132,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,30134,8423],{"class":141},[52,30136,145],{"class":66},[52,30138,22424],{"class":2413},[52,30140,71],{"class":74},[52,30142,183],{"class":103},[52,30144,2139],{"class":124},[52,30146,22433],{"class":103},[52,30148,22436],{"class":74},[52,30150,183],{"class":103},[52,30152,2823],{"class":124},[52,30154,22433],{"class":103},[52,30156,71],{"class":74},[52,30158,151],{"class":66},[20,30160,30161],{},[33,30162,30163],{},"Possible output:",[43,30165,30167],{"className":45,"code":30166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30168,30169,30178,30187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30170,30171,30173,30175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30172,30082],{"class":58},[52,30174,80],{"class":66},[52,30176,30177],{"class":58}," read book\n",[52,30179,30180,30182,30184],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30181,30062],{"class":58},[52,30183,80],{"class":66},[52,30185,30186],{"class":58}," do homework\n",[52,30188,30189,30191,30193],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30190,30042],{"class":58},[52,30192,80],{"class":66},[52,30194,30195],{"class":58}," wash dishes\n",[20,30197,29194,30198,30200],{},[15,30199,13094],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[38,30202,2022],{"id":2021},[20,30204,2025,30205,80],{},[15,30206,13094],{},[234,30208,30209,30223,30242,30253],{},[237,30210,30211,30216],{},[33,30212,29783,30213,30215],{},[15,30214,13094],{}," on an empty dictionary",[234,30217,30218],{},[237,30219,30220,30221,121],{},"This raises ",[15,30222,19816],{},[237,30224,30225,30230],{},[33,30226,8807,30227,30229],{},[15,30228,13094],{}," to remove a specific key",[234,30231,30232,30235],{},[237,30233,30234],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[237,30236,222,30237,30241],{},[257,30238,30239],{"href":12892},[15,30240,13087],{}," if you need that.",[237,30243,30244,30248],{},[33,30245,5058,30246,27832],{},[15,30247,13094],{},[234,30249,30250],{},[237,30251,30252],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[237,30254,30255,30258],{},[33,30256,30257],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[234,30259,30260],{},[237,30261,30262,22105,30264,30266],{},[15,30263,13094],{},[15,30265,21785],{}," tuple.",[20,30268,30269],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[43,30271,30273],{"className":45,"code":30272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30274,30275,30285,30299,30303,30317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30276,30277,30279,30281,30283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30278,142],{"class":141},[52,30280,145],{"class":66},[52,30282,11789],{"class":124},[52,30284,151],{"class":66},[52,30286,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30288,142],{"class":141},[52,30290,145],{"class":66},[52,30292,11505],{"class":141},[52,30294,145],{"class":66},[52,30296,11789],{"class":124},[52,30298,2120],{"class":66},[52,30300,30301],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30302,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,30304,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,30306,28671],{"class":58},[52,30308,63],{"class":62},[52,30310,12099],{"class":58},[52,30312,121],{"class":66},[52,30314,28680],{"class":124},[52,30316,128],{"class":66},[52,30318,30319,30321,30323,30325],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,30320,142],{"class":141},[52,30322,145],{"class":66},[52,30324,23441],{"class":124},[52,30326,151],{"class":66},[20,30328,30329],{},"Or with unpacking:",[43,30331,30333],{"className":45,"code":30332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30334,30335,30353,30363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30336,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30338,2139],{"class":58},[52,30340,91],{"class":66},[52,30342,21714],{"class":58},[52,30344,63],{"class":62},[52,30346,12099],{"class":58},[52,30348,121],{"class":66},[52,30350,28680],{"class":124},[52,30352,128],{"class":66},[52,30354,30355,30357,30359,30361],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30356,142],{"class":141},[52,30358,145],{"class":66},[52,30360,2139],{"class":124},[52,30362,151],{"class":66},[52,30364,30365,30367,30369,30371],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30366,142],{"class":141},[52,30368,145],{"class":66},[52,30370,2823],{"class":124},[52,30372,151],{"class":66},[38,30374,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,30376,5495,30378,5498],{"id":30377},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30379,13094],{},[20,30381,30382,30383,121],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30384,30385],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1335,30387,2195,30389,30391],{"id":30388},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30390,13094],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30393,30394],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1335,30396,30398,30399,30401],{"id":30397},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30400,13094],{}," removes?",[20,30403,30404,30405,30409],{},"No. Use ",[257,30406,30407],{"href":12892},[15,30408,13087],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1335,30411,2195,30413,2198],{"id":30412},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30414,13094],{},[20,30416,30417],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1335,30419,30421,30422,30424],{"id":30420},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30423,13094],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30426,30427,30428,30430,30431,121],{},"It raises ",[15,30429,19816],{}," with the message ",[15,30432,29830],{},[38,30434,2240],{"id":2239},[234,30436,30437,30444,30450,30456,30462,30469,30473,30477],{},[237,30438,30439],{},[257,30440,30441,30443],{"href":12892},[15,30442,13087],{}," method for dictionaries",[237,30445,30446],{},[257,30447,30448,30443],{"href":17202},[15,30449,17205],{},[237,30451,30452],{},[257,30453,30454,30443],{"href":17189},[15,30455,17192],{},[237,30457,30458],{},[257,30459,30460,30443],{"href":17195},[15,30461,17198],{},[237,30463,30464],{},[257,30465,30467,30443],{"href":30466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30468,2271],{},[237,30470,30471],{},[257,30472,13110],{"href":12899},[237,30474,30475],{},[257,30476,21587],{"href":16723},[237,30478,30479],{},[257,30480,30481,30482],{"href":29994},"Fix ",[15,30483,29997],{},[2278,30485,30486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":30488},[30489,30490,30492,30493,30494,30495,30496,30497,30502,30507,30509,30510,30522],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":28767,"depth":110,"text":30491},"What popitem() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":28837,"depth":110,"text":28838},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":29190,"depth":110,"text":29191},{"id":29382,"depth":110,"text":29383},{"id":29510,"depth":110,"text":30498,"children":30499},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30500,30501],{"id":28680,"depth":131,"text":13094},{"id":26373,"depth":131,"text":13087},{"id":29779,"depth":110,"text":29780,"children":30503},[30504,30505],{"id":29836,"depth":131,"text":29837},{"id":29911,"depth":131,"text":30506},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30000,"depth":110,"text":30508},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":30511},[30512,30514,30516,30518,30520],{"id":30377,"depth":131,"text":30513},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30388,"depth":131,"text":30515},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30397,"depth":131,"text":30517},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30412,"depth":131,"text":30519},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30420,"depth":131,"text":30521},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28506,"description":30523},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30530,"title":30531,"body":30532,"description":32435,"extension":2310,"meta":32436,"navigation":134,"path":1305,"seo":32437,"stem":32438,"__hash__":32439},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30533,"toc":32407},[30534,30539,30544,30547,30549,30646,30651,30656,30661,30664,30672,30675,30690,30692,30792,30794,30851,30855,30857,30860,30880,30885,30896,30899,30926,30929,30931,30988,30990,31011,31017,31022,31025,31036,31038,31146,31148,31201,31203,31215,31222,31228,31233,31236,31324,31326,31371,31374,31382,31385,31388,31457,31460,31463,31467,31470,31541,31543,31596,31599,31602,31605,31620,31623,31635,31638,31701,31703,31709,31711,31713,31792,31794,31835,31837,31902,31904,31941,31946,31951,31955,31969,31972,32095,32097,32182,32187,32189,32193,32215,32218,32298,32301,32320,32325,32327,32333,32338,32344,32347,32353,32356,32362,32367,32373,32379,32381,32404],[10,30535,13,30537,18],{"id":30536},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30538,2263],{},[20,30540,2327,30541,30543],{},[15,30542,2263],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30545,30546],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[38,30548,41],{"id":40},[43,30550,30552],{"className":45,"code":30551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30553,30554,30590,30631,30641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30555,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30557,451],{"class":58},[52,30559,63],{"class":62},[52,30561,67],{"class":66},[52,30563,71],{"class":70},[52,30565,75],{"class":74},[52,30567,71],{"class":70},[52,30569,80],{"class":66},[52,30571,83],{"class":70},[52,30573,86],{"class":74},[52,30575,71],{"class":70},[52,30577,91],{"class":66},[52,30579,83],{"class":70},[52,30581,96],{"class":74},[52,30583,71],{"class":70},[52,30585,80],{"class":66},[52,30587,104],{"class":103},[52,30589,107],{"class":66},[52,30591,30592,30594,30596,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30593,17434],{"class":58},[52,30595,121],{"class":66},[52,30597,30598],{"class":124},"update",[52,30600,5883],{"class":66},[52,30602,71],{"class":70},[52,30604,96],{"class":74},[52,30606,71],{"class":70},[52,30608,80],{"class":66},[52,30610,30611],{"class":103}," 21",[52,30613,91],{"class":66},[52,30615,83],{"class":70},[52,30617,10755],{"class":74},[52,30619,71],{"class":70},[52,30621,80],{"class":66},[52,30623,83],{"class":70},[52,30625,16157],{"class":74},[52,30627,71],{"class":70},[52,30629,30630],{"class":66},"})\n",[52,30632,30633,30635,30637,30639],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30634,142],{"class":141},[52,30636,145],{"class":66},[52,30638,17434],{"class":124},[52,30640,151],{"class":66},[52,30642,30643],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,30644,30645],{"class":4017},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30647,222,30648,30650],{},[15,30649,2263],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[38,30652,4031,30654,4034],{"id":30653},"what-update-does",[15,30655,2263],{},[20,30657,30658,30660],{},[15,30659,2263],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30662,30663],{},"It can do two main things:",[234,30665,30666,30669],{},[237,30667,30668],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[237,30670,30671],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30673,30674],{},"Important things to know:",[234,30676,30677,30680,30683,30687],{},[237,30678,30679],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[237,30681,30682],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[237,30684,5501,30685],{},[15,30686,4133],{},[237,30688,30689],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30691,309],{},[43,30693,30695],{"className":45,"code":30694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30696,30697,30739,30782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30698,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30735,30737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30700,59],{"class":58},[52,30702,63],{"class":62},[52,30704,67],{"class":66},[52,30706,71],{"class":70},[52,30708,75],{"class":74},[52,30710,71],{"class":70},[52,30712,80],{"class":66},[52,30714,83],{"class":70},[52,30716,30717],{"class":74},"Mira",[52,30719,71],{"class":70},[52,30721,91],{"class":66},[52,30723,83],{"class":70},[52,30725,20020],{"class":74},[52,30727,71],{"class":70},[52,30729,80],{"class":66},[52,30731,83],{"class":70},[52,30733,30734],{"class":74},"B",[52,30736,71],{"class":70},[52,30738,107],{"class":66},[52,30740,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30778,30780],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30742,887],{"class":58},[52,30744,121],{"class":66},[52,30746,30598],{"class":124},[52,30748,5883],{"class":66},[52,30750,71],{"class":70},[52,30752,20020],{"class":74},[52,30754,71],{"class":70},[52,30756,80],{"class":66},[52,30758,83],{"class":70},[52,30760,22375],{"class":74},[52,30762,71],{"class":70},[52,30764,91],{"class":66},[52,30766,83],{"class":70},[52,30768,10755],{"class":74},[52,30770,71],{"class":70},[52,30772,80],{"class":66},[52,30774,83],{"class":70},[52,30776,30777],{"class":74},"Quito",[52,30779,71],{"class":70},[52,30781,30630],{"class":66},[52,30783,30784,30786,30788,30790],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30785,142],{"class":141},[52,30787,145],{"class":66},[52,30789,887],{"class":124},[52,30791,151],{"class":66},[20,30793,173],{},[43,30795,30797],{"className":45,"code":30796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30798,30799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30800,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30802,183],{"class":66},[52,30804,186],{"class":70},[52,30806,75],{"class":74},[52,30808,186],{"class":70},[52,30810,80],{"class":66},[52,30812,195],{"class":70},[52,30814,30717],{"class":74},[52,30816,186],{"class":70},[52,30818,91],{"class":66},[52,30820,195],{"class":70},[52,30822,20020],{"class":74},[52,30824,186],{"class":70},[52,30826,80],{"class":66},[52,30828,195],{"class":70},[52,30830,22375],{"class":74},[52,30832,186],{"class":70},[52,30834,91],{"class":66},[52,30836,195],{"class":70},[52,30838,10755],{"class":74},[52,30840,186],{"class":70},[52,30842,80],{"class":66},[52,30844,195],{"class":70},[52,30846,30777],{"class":74},[52,30848,186],{"class":70},[52,30850,107],{"class":66},[20,30852,9507,30853,121],{},[257,30854,24759],{"href":9739},[38,30856,269],{"id":268},[20,30858,30859],{},"The basic form is:",[43,30861,30863],{"className":45,"code":30862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30864,30865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30866,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30868,15730],{"class":58},[52,30870,121],{"class":66},[52,30872,30598],{"class":124},[52,30874,145],{"class":66},[52,30876,30877],{"class":124},"other",[52,30879,151],{"class":66},[20,30881,30882,30884],{},[15,30883,30877],{}," can be:",[234,30886,30887,30890,30893],{},[237,30888,30889],{},"Another dictionary",[237,30891,30892],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[237,30894,30895],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30897,30898],{},"You can also use:",[43,30900,30902],{"className":45,"code":30901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30903,30904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30905,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30907,15730],{"class":58},[52,30909,121],{"class":66},[52,30911,30598],{"class":124},[52,30913,145],{"class":66},[52,30915,75],{"class":9529},[52,30917,63],{"class":62},[52,30919,71],{"class":70},[52,30921,8030],{"class":74},[52,30923,71],{"class":70},[52,30925,151],{"class":66},[20,30927,30928],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30930,309],{},[43,30932,30934],{"className":45,"code":30933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30935,30936,30956,30978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30937,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30939,1815],{"class":58},[52,30941,63],{"class":62},[52,30943,67],{"class":66},[52,30945,71],{"class":70},[52,30947,257],{"class":74},[52,30949,71],{"class":70},[52,30951,80],{"class":66},[52,30953,1364],{"class":103},[52,30955,107],{"class":66},[52,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,30959,1868],{"class":58},[52,30961,121],{"class":66},[52,30963,30598],{"class":124},[52,30965,5883],{"class":66},[52,30967,71],{"class":70},[52,30969,257],{"class":74},[52,30971,71],{"class":70},[52,30973,80],{"class":66},[52,30975,1972],{"class":103},[52,30977,30630],{"class":66},[52,30979,30980,30982,30984,30986],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30981,142],{"class":141},[52,30983,145],{"class":66},[52,30985,1868],{"class":124},[52,30987,151],{"class":66},[20,30989,173],{},[43,30991,30993],{"className":45,"code":30992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30994,30995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30996,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30998,183],{"class":66},[52,31000,186],{"class":70},[52,31002,257],{"class":74},[52,31004,186],{"class":70},[52,31006,80],{"class":66},[52,31008,1972],{"class":103},[52,31010,107],{"class":66},[38,31012,1326,31014,31016],{"id":31013},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31015,2263],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31018,31019,31020,121],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31021,2263],{},[20,31023,31024],{},"It is useful when:",[234,31026,31027,31030,31033],{},[237,31028,31029],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[237,31031,31032],{},"Adding extra settings",[237,31034,31035],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31037,309],{},[43,31039,31041],{"className":45,"code":31040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31042,31043,31080,31117,31121,31136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31044,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31046,1096],{"class":58},[52,31048,63],{"class":62},[52,31050,67],{"class":66},[52,31052,71],{"class":70},[52,31054,1105],{"class":74},[52,31056,71],{"class":70},[52,31058,80],{"class":66},[52,31060,83],{"class":70},[52,31062,21057],{"class":74},[52,31064,71],{"class":70},[52,31066,91],{"class":66},[52,31068,83],{"class":70},[52,31070,1123],{"class":74},[52,31072,71],{"class":70},[52,31074,80],{"class":66},[52,31076,31077],{"class":103}," 12",[52,31079,107],{"class":66},[52,31081,31082,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31083,31084],{"class":58},"new_settings ",[52,31086,63],{"class":62},[52,31088,67],{"class":66},[52,31090,71],{"class":70},[52,31092,1123],{"class":74},[52,31094,71],{"class":70},[52,31096,80],{"class":66},[52,31098,1130],{"class":103},[52,31100,91],{"class":66},[52,31102,83],{"class":70},[52,31104,20252],{"class":74},[52,31106,71],{"class":70},[52,31108,80],{"class":66},[52,31110,83],{"class":70},[52,31112,20286],{"class":74},[52,31114,71],{"class":70},[52,31116,107],{"class":66},[52,31118,31119],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31120,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,31122,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31134],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,31124,1157],{"class":58},[52,31126,121],{"class":66},[52,31128,30598],{"class":124},[52,31130,145],{"class":66},[52,31132,31133],{"class":124},"new_settings",[52,31135,151],{"class":66},[52,31137,31138,31140,31142,31144],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,31139,142],{"class":141},[52,31141,145],{"class":66},[52,31143,1157],{"class":124},[52,31145,151],{"class":66},[20,31147,173],{},[43,31149,31151],{"className":45,"code":31150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31152,31153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31154,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31156,183],{"class":66},[52,31158,186],{"class":70},[52,31160,1105],{"class":74},[52,31162,186],{"class":70},[52,31164,80],{"class":66},[52,31166,195],{"class":70},[52,31168,21057],{"class":74},[52,31170,186],{"class":70},[52,31172,91],{"class":66},[52,31174,195],{"class":70},[52,31176,1123],{"class":74},[52,31178,186],{"class":70},[52,31180,80],{"class":66},[52,31182,1130],{"class":103},[52,31184,91],{"class":66},[52,31186,195],{"class":70},[52,31188,20252],{"class":74},[52,31190,186],{"class":70},[52,31192,80],{"class":66},[52,31194,195],{"class":70},[52,31196,20286],{"class":74},[52,31198,186],{"class":70},[52,31200,107],{"class":66},[20,31202,660],{},[234,31204,31205,31210],{},[237,31206,31207,31209],{},[15,31208,1123],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[237,31211,31212,31214],{},[15,31213,20252],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31216,31217,31218,121],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[257,31219,31221],{"href":31220},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[38,31223,1326,31225,31227],{"id":31224},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31226,2263],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31229,31230,31232],{},[15,31231,2263],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31234,31235],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[43,31237,31239],{"className":45,"code":31238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31240,31241,31261,31296,31300,31314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31242,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31244,5416],{"class":58},[52,31246,63],{"class":62},[52,31248,67],{"class":66},[52,31250,71],{"class":70},[52,31252,18545],{"class":74},[52,31254,71],{"class":70},[52,31256,80],{"class":66},[52,31258,20027],{"class":103},[52,31260,107],{"class":66},[52,31262,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31288,31290,31292,31294],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31264,9568],{"class":58},[52,31266,63],{"class":62},[52,31268,9573],{"class":66},[52,31270,71],{"class":70},[52,31272,18554],{"class":74},[52,31274,71],{"class":70},[52,31276,91],{"class":66},[52,31278,763],{"class":103},[52,31280,2110],{"class":66},[52,31282,9588],{"class":66},[52,31284,71],{"class":70},[52,31286,31287],{"class":74},"english",[52,31289,71],{"class":70},[52,31291,91],{"class":66},[52,31293,29053],{"class":103},[52,31295,9601],{"class":66},[52,31297,31298],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,31301,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,31303,16515],{"class":58},[52,31305,121],{"class":66},[52,31307,30598],{"class":124},[52,31309,145],{"class":66},[52,31311,9614],{"class":124},[52,31313,151],{"class":66},[52,31315,31316,31318,31320,31322],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,31317,142],{"class":141},[52,31319,145],{"class":66},[52,31321,16515],{"class":124},[52,31323,151],{"class":66},[20,31325,173],{},[43,31327,31329],{"className":45,"code":31328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31330,31331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31332,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31334,183],{"class":66},[52,31336,186],{"class":70},[52,31338,18545],{"class":74},[52,31340,186],{"class":70},[52,31342,80],{"class":66},[52,31344,20027],{"class":103},[52,31346,91],{"class":66},[52,31348,195],{"class":70},[52,31350,18554],{"class":74},[52,31352,186],{"class":70},[52,31354,80],{"class":66},[52,31356,763],{"class":103},[52,31358,91],{"class":66},[52,31360,195],{"class":70},[52,31362,31287],{"class":74},[52,31364,186],{"class":70},[52,31366,80],{"class":66},[52,31368,29053],{"class":103},[52,31370,107],{"class":66},[20,31372,31373],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[234,31375,31376,31379],{},[237,31377,31378],{},"The key",[237,31380,31381],{},"The value",[20,31383,31384],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31386,31387],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[43,31389,31391],{"className":45,"code":31390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31392,31393,31413,31438,31442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31394,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31396,1815],{"class":58},[52,31398,63],{"class":62},[52,31400,67],{"class":66},[52,31402,71],{"class":70},[52,31404,257],{"class":74},[52,31406,71],{"class":70},[52,31408,80],{"class":66},[52,31410,1364],{"class":103},[52,31412,107],{"class":66},[52,31414,31415,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31416,31417],{"class":58},"bad_pairs ",[52,31419,63],{"class":62},[52,31421,9573],{"class":66},[52,31423,71],{"class":70},[52,31425,345],{"class":74},[52,31427,71],{"class":70},[52,31429,91],{"class":66},[52,31431,1378],{"class":103},[52,31433,91],{"class":66},[52,31435,2801],{"class":103},[52,31437,9601],{"class":66},[52,31439,31440],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31441,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,31443,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31455],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,31445,1868],{"class":58},[52,31447,121],{"class":66},[52,31449,30598],{"class":124},[52,31451,145],{"class":66},[52,31453,31454],{"class":124},"bad_pairs",[52,31456,151],{"class":66},[20,31458,31459],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31461,31462],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[38,31464,31466],{"id":31465},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31468,31469],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[43,31471,31473],{"className":45,"code":31472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31474,31475,31499,31531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31476,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31478,11825],{"class":58},[52,31480,63],{"class":62},[52,31482,67],{"class":66},[52,31484,71],{"class":70},[52,31486,75],{"class":74},[52,31488,71],{"class":70},[52,31490,80],{"class":66},[52,31492,83],{"class":70},[52,31494,29046],{"class":74},[52,31496,71],{"class":70},[52,31498,107],{"class":66},[52,31500,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31520,31522,31524,31527,31529],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31502,11916],{"class":58},[52,31504,121],{"class":66},[52,31506,30598],{"class":124},[52,31508,145],{"class":66},[52,31510,96],{"class":9529},[52,31512,63],{"class":62},[52,31514,9547],{"class":103},[52,31516,91],{"class":66},[52,31518,31519],{"class":9529}," city",[52,31521,63],{"class":62},[52,31523,71],{"class":70},[52,31525,31526],{"class":74},"Madrid",[52,31528,71],{"class":70},[52,31530,151],{"class":66},[52,31532,31533,31535,31537,31539],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31534,142],{"class":141},[52,31536,145],{"class":66},[52,31538,11916],{"class":124},[52,31540,151],{"class":66},[20,31542,173],{},[43,31544,31546],{"className":45,"code":31545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31547,31548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31549,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31551,183],{"class":66},[52,31553,186],{"class":70},[52,31555,75],{"class":74},[52,31557,186],{"class":70},[52,31559,80],{"class":66},[52,31561,195],{"class":70},[52,31563,29046],{"class":74},[52,31565,186],{"class":70},[52,31567,91],{"class":66},[52,31569,195],{"class":70},[52,31571,96],{"class":74},[52,31573,186],{"class":70},[52,31575,80],{"class":66},[52,31577,483],{"class":103},[52,31579,91],{"class":66},[52,31581,195],{"class":70},[52,31583,10755],{"class":74},[52,31585,186],{"class":70},[52,31587,80],{"class":66},[52,31589,195],{"class":70},[52,31591,31526],{"class":74},[52,31593,186],{"class":70},[52,31595,107],{"class":66},[20,31597,31598],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31600,31601],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31603,31604],{},"These work:",[234,31606,31607,31611,31615],{},[237,31608,31609],{},[15,31610,96],{},[237,31612,31613],{},[15,31614,10755],{},[237,31616,31617],{},[15,31618,31619],{},"first_name",[20,31621,31622],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[234,31624,31625,31630],{},[237,31626,31627],{},[15,31628,31629],{},"\"first name\"",[237,31631,31632],{},[15,31633,31634],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31636,31637],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[43,31639,31641],{"className":45,"code":31640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31642,31643,31651,31691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31644,31645,31647,31649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31646,11825],{"class":58},[52,31648,63],{"class":62},[52,31650,10186],{"class":66},[52,31652,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31682,31684,31686,31689],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31654,11916],{"class":58},[52,31656,121],{"class":66},[52,31658,30598],{"class":124},[52,31660,5883],{"class":66},[52,31662,71],{"class":70},[52,31664,10858],{"class":74},[52,31666,71],{"class":70},[52,31668,80],{"class":66},[52,31670,83],{"class":70},[52,31672,29046],{"class":74},[52,31674,71],{"class":70},[52,31676,91],{"class":66},[52,31678,83],{"class":70},[52,31680,31681],{"class":74},"user-id",[52,31683,71],{"class":70},[52,31685,80],{"class":66},[52,31687,31688],{"class":103}," 1001",[52,31690,30630],{"class":66},[52,31692,31693,31695,31697,31699],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31694,142],{"class":141},[52,31696,145],{"class":66},[52,31698,11916],{"class":124},[52,31700,151],{"class":66},[38,31702,17546],{"id":17545},[20,31704,31705,2746,31707,121],{},[15,31706,2263],{},[15,31708,4133],{},[20,31710,1323],{},[20,31712,24839],{},[43,31714,31716],{"className":45,"code":31715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31717,31718,31742,31768,31772,31782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31719,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31721,451],{"class":58},[52,31723,63],{"class":62},[52,31725,67],{"class":66},[52,31727,71],{"class":70},[52,31729,75],{"class":74},[52,31731,71],{"class":70},[52,31733,80],{"class":66},[52,31735,83],{"class":70},[52,31737,86],{"class":74},[52,31739,71],{"class":70},[52,31741,107],{"class":66},[52,31743,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31745,2577],{"class":58},[52,31747,63],{"class":62},[52,31749,495],{"class":58},[52,31751,121],{"class":66},[52,31753,30598],{"class":124},[52,31755,5883],{"class":66},[52,31757,71],{"class":70},[52,31759,96],{"class":74},[52,31761,71],{"class":70},[52,31763,80],{"class":66},[52,31765,104],{"class":103},[52,31767,30630],{"class":66},[52,31769,31770],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31771,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,31773,31774,31776,31778,31780],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,31775,142],{"class":141},[52,31777,145],{"class":66},[52,31779,2612],{"class":124},[52,31781,151],{"class":66},[52,31783,31784,31786,31788,31790],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,31785,142],{"class":141},[52,31787,145],{"class":66},[52,31789,17434],{"class":124},[52,31791,151],{"class":66},[20,31793,173],{},[43,31795,31797],{"className":45,"code":31796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31798,31799,31803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31800,31801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31802,12141],{"class":218},[52,31804,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31806,183],{"class":66},[52,31808,186],{"class":70},[52,31810,75],{"class":74},[52,31812,186],{"class":70},[52,31814,80],{"class":66},[52,31816,195],{"class":70},[52,31818,86],{"class":74},[52,31820,186],{"class":70},[52,31822,91],{"class":66},[52,31824,195],{"class":70},[52,31826,96],{"class":74},[52,31828,186],{"class":70},[52,31830,80],{"class":66},[52,31832,104],{"class":103},[52,31834,107],{"class":66},[20,31836,16782],{},[43,31838,31840],{"className":45,"code":31839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31841,31842,31866,31888,31892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31843,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31845,451],{"class":58},[52,31847,63],{"class":62},[52,31849,67],{"class":66},[52,31851,71],{"class":70},[52,31853,75],{"class":74},[52,31855,71],{"class":70},[52,31857,80],{"class":66},[52,31859,83],{"class":70},[52,31861,86],{"class":74},[52,31863,71],{"class":70},[52,31865,107],{"class":66},[52,31867,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,31869,17434],{"class":58},[52,31871,121],{"class":66},[52,31873,30598],{"class":124},[52,31875,5883],{"class":66},[52,31877,71],{"class":70},[52,31879,96],{"class":74},[52,31881,71],{"class":70},[52,31883,80],{"class":66},[52,31885,104],{"class":103},[52,31887,30630],{"class":66},[52,31889,31890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31891,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,31893,31894,31896,31898,31900],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,31895,142],{"class":141},[52,31897,145],{"class":66},[52,31899,17434],{"class":124},[52,31901,151],{"class":66},[20,31903,173],{},[43,31905,31907],{"className":45,"code":31906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31908,31909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31910,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31912,183],{"class":66},[52,31914,186],{"class":70},[52,31916,75],{"class":74},[52,31918,186],{"class":70},[52,31920,80],{"class":66},[52,31922,195],{"class":70},[52,31924,86],{"class":74},[52,31926,186],{"class":70},[52,31928,91],{"class":66},[52,31930,195],{"class":70},[52,31932,96],{"class":74},[52,31934,186],{"class":70},[52,31936,80],{"class":66},[52,31938,104],{"class":103},[52,31940,107],{"class":66},[20,31942,31943,31944,121],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[257,31945,18032],{"href":11076},[38,31947,1063,31949],{"id":31948},"when-to-use-update",[15,31950,2263],{},[20,31952,222,31953,1070],{},[15,31954,2263],{},[234,31956,31957,31960,31963,31966],{},[237,31958,31959],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[237,31961,31962],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[237,31964,31965],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[237,31967,31968],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31970,31971],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[43,31973,31975],{"className":45,"code":31974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31976,31977,32013,32028,32032,32071,32075,32085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31978,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31980,1348],{"class":58},[52,31982,63],{"class":62},[52,31984,67],{"class":66},[52,31986,71],{"class":70},[52,31988,75],{"class":74},[52,31990,71],{"class":70},[52,31992,80],{"class":66},[52,31994,83],{"class":70},[52,31996,86],{"class":74},[52,31998,71],{"class":70},[52,32000,91],{"class":66},[52,32002,83],{"class":70},[52,32004,96],{"class":74},[52,32006,71],{"class":70},[52,32008,80],{"class":66},[52,32010,104],{"class":103},[52,32012,107],{"class":66},[52,32014,32015,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32016,32017],{"class":58},"updated ",[52,32019,63],{"class":62},[52,32021,1435],{"class":58},[52,32023,121],{"class":66},[52,32025,125],{"class":124},[52,32027,128],{"class":66},[52,32029,32030],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,32033,32034,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32035,32036],{"class":58},"updated",[52,32038,121],{"class":66},[52,32040,30598],{"class":124},[52,32042,5883],{"class":66},[52,32044,71],{"class":70},[52,32046,96],{"class":74},[52,32048,71],{"class":70},[52,32050,80],{"class":66},[52,32052,30611],{"class":103},[52,32054,91],{"class":66},[52,32056,83],{"class":70},[52,32058,10755],{"class":74},[52,32060,71],{"class":70},[52,32062,80],{"class":66},[52,32064,83],{"class":70},[52,32066,16157],{"class":74},[52,32068,71],{"class":70},[52,32070,30630],{"class":66},[52,32072,32073],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,32074,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,32076,32077,32079,32081,32083],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,32078,142],{"class":141},[52,32080,145],{"class":66},[52,32082,2068],{"class":124},[52,32084,151],{"class":66},[52,32086,32087,32089,32091,32093],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,32088,142],{"class":141},[52,32090,145],{"class":66},[52,32092,32036],{"class":124},[52,32094,151],{"class":66},[20,32096,173],{},[43,32098,32100],{"className":45,"code":32099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32101,32102,32134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32103,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32105,183],{"class":66},[52,32107,186],{"class":70},[52,32109,75],{"class":74},[52,32111,186],{"class":70},[52,32113,80],{"class":66},[52,32115,195],{"class":70},[52,32117,86],{"class":74},[52,32119,186],{"class":70},[52,32121,91],{"class":66},[52,32123,195],{"class":70},[52,32125,96],{"class":74},[52,32127,186],{"class":70},[52,32129,80],{"class":66},[52,32131,104],{"class":103},[52,32133,107],{"class":66},[52,32135,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32137,183],{"class":66},[52,32139,186],{"class":70},[52,32141,75],{"class":74},[52,32143,186],{"class":70},[52,32145,80],{"class":66},[52,32147,195],{"class":70},[52,32149,86],{"class":74},[52,32151,186],{"class":70},[52,32153,91],{"class":66},[52,32155,195],{"class":70},[52,32157,96],{"class":74},[52,32159,186],{"class":70},[52,32161,80],{"class":66},[52,32163,30611],{"class":103},[52,32165,91],{"class":66},[52,32167,195],{"class":70},[52,32169,10755],{"class":74},[52,32171,186],{"class":70},[52,32173,80],{"class":66},[52,32175,195],{"class":70},[52,32177,16157],{"class":74},[52,32179,186],{"class":70},[52,32181,107],{"class":66},[20,32183,32184,32185,121],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[257,32186,16724],{"href":16723},[38,32188,2022],{"id":2021},[20,32190,11091,32191,80],{},[15,32192,2263],{},[234,32194,32195,32202,32206,32209,32212],{},[237,32196,12920,32197,32199,32200],{},[15,32198,2263],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32201,4133],{},[237,32203,8807,32204,12928],{},[15,32205,2263],{},[237,32207,32208],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[237,32210,32211],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[237,32213,32214],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32216,32217],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[43,32219,32221],{"className":45,"code":32220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32222,32223,32233,32247,32261,32283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32224,32225,32227,32229,32231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32226,142],{"class":141},[52,32228,145],{"class":66},[52,32230,11789],{"class":124},[52,32232,151],{"class":66},[52,32234,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32236,142],{"class":141},[52,32238,145],{"class":66},[52,32240,3573],{"class":3251},[52,32242,145],{"class":66},[52,32244,1868],{"class":124},[52,32246,2120],{"class":66},[52,32248,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32250,142],{"class":141},[52,32252,145],{"class":66},[52,32254,8448],{"class":3251},[52,32256,145],{"class":66},[52,32258,1868],{"class":124},[52,32260,2120],{"class":66},[52,32262,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32264,142],{"class":141},[52,32266,145],{"class":66},[52,32268,11789],{"class":124},[52,32270,121],{"class":66},[52,32272,19879],{"class":124},[52,32274,145],{"class":66},[52,32276,186],{"class":70},[52,32278,2139],{"class":74},[52,32280,186],{"class":70},[52,32282,2120],{"class":66},[52,32284,32285,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,32286,32287],{"class":141},"help",[52,32289,145],{"class":66},[52,32291,9176],{"class":3251},[52,32293,121],{"class":66},[52,32295,30598],{"class":24881},[52,32297,151],{"class":66},[20,32299,32300],{},"These can help you check:",[234,32302,32303,32306,32311,32314,32317],{},[237,32304,32305],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[237,32307,32308,32309],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32310,2263],{},[237,32312,32313],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[237,32315,32316],{},"Whether a key exists",[237,32318,32319],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32321,32322,32323,121],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[257,32324,11605],{"href":11418},[38,32326,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,32328,2195,32330,32332],{"id":32329},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32331,2263],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32334,32335,32336,121],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32337,4133],{},[1335,32339,2195,32341,32343],{"id":32340},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32342,2263],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32345,32346],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1335,32348,5523,32350,32352],{"id":32349},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32351,2263],{}," add new keys?",[20,32354,32355],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1335,32357,28461,32359,32361],{"id":32358},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32360,2263],{}," with a list?",[20,32363,32364,32365,121],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32366,11438],{},[1335,32368,2215,32370,32372],{"id":32369},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32371,2263],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32374,32375,32376,32378],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32377,2263],{}," can change many keys at once.",[38,32380,2240],{"id":2239},[234,32382,32383,32387,32391,32396,32400],{},[237,32384,32385],{},[257,32386,26227],{"href":9739},[237,32388,32389],{},[257,32390,11594],{"href":11076},[237,32392,32393],{},[257,32394,32395],{"href":31220},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[237,32397,32398],{},[257,32399,21587],{"href":16723},[237,32401,32402],{},[257,32403,11605],{"href":11418},[2278,32405,32406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":32408},[32409,32410,32412,32413,32415,32417,32418,32419,32421,32422,32434],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":30653,"depth":110,"text":32411},"What update() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":31013,"depth":110,"text":32414},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31224,"depth":110,"text":32416},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31465,"depth":110,"text":31466},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":31948,"depth":110,"text":32420},"When to use update()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":32423},[32424,32426,32428,32430,32432],{"id":32329,"depth":131,"text":32425},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32340,"depth":131,"text":32427},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32349,"depth":131,"text":32429},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32358,"depth":131,"text":32431},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32369,"depth":131,"text":32433},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30531,"description":32435},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32441,"title":32442,"body":32443,"description":34432,"extension":2310,"meta":34433,"navigation":134,"path":23025,"seo":34434,"stem":34435,"__hash__":34436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32444,"toc":34395},[32445,32450,32457,32460,32462,32561,32563,32618,32623,32628,32642,32647,32649,32664,32666,32680,32693,32698,32704,32711,32713,32820,32822,32871,32877,32952,32954,32975,32977,32980,33085,33087,33142,33144,33172,33176,33181,33260,33262,33282,33284,33295,33305,33309,33314,33418,33420,33445,33448,33459,33464,33473,33476,33493,33495,33582,33584,33647,33649,33672,33674,33679,33685,33690,33692,33731,33737,33740,33759,33770,33776,33779,33852,33854,33873,33878,33881,33904,33910,33913,33977,33980,34057,34064,34067,34126,34132,34134,34153,34157,34160,34211,34214,34234,34236,34297,34299,34304,34309,34314,34319,34324,34329,34335,34338,34347,34355,34357,34392],[10,32446,13,32448,18],{"id":32447},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32449,17198],{},[20,32451,32452,32453,32456],{},"The Python ",[15,32454,32455],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32458,32459],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[38,32461,41],{"id":40},[43,32463,32465],{"className":45,"code":32464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32466,32467,32519,32533,32537,32547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32468,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32470,59],{"class":58},[52,32472,63],{"class":62},[52,32474,67],{"class":66},[52,32476,71],{"class":70},[52,32478,75],{"class":74},[52,32480,71],{"class":70},[52,32482,80],{"class":66},[52,32484,83],{"class":70},[52,32486,86],{"class":74},[52,32488,71],{"class":70},[52,32490,91],{"class":66},[52,32492,83],{"class":70},[52,32494,96],{"class":74},[52,32496,71],{"class":70},[52,32498,80],{"class":66},[52,32500,104],{"class":103},[52,32502,91],{"class":66},[52,32504,83],{"class":70},[52,32506,10755],{"class":74},[52,32508,71],{"class":70},[52,32510,80],{"class":66},[52,32512,83],{"class":70},[52,32514,16157],{"class":74},[52,32516,71],{"class":70},[52,32518,107],{"class":66},[52,32520,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32522,4178],{"class":58},[52,32524,63],{"class":62},[52,32526,118],{"class":58},[52,32528,121],{"class":66},[52,32530,5712],{"class":124},[52,32532,128],{"class":66},[52,32534,32535],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32536,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,32538,32539,32541,32543,32545],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32540,142],{"class":141},[52,32542,145],{"class":66},[52,32544,5712],{"class":124},[52,32546,151],{"class":66},[52,32548,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,32550,142],{"class":141},[52,32552,145],{"class":66},[52,32554,8448],{"class":3251},[52,32556,145],{"class":66},[52,32558,5712],{"class":124},[52,32560,2120],{"class":66},[20,32562,173],{},[43,32564,32566],{"className":45,"code":32565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32567,32568,32594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32569,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32571,17164],{"class":124},[52,32573,3336],{"class":66},[52,32575,186],{"class":70},[52,32577,86],{"class":74},[52,32579,186],{"class":70},[52,32581,91],{"class":66},[52,32583,104],{"class":103},[52,32585,91],{"class":66},[52,32587,195],{"class":70},[52,32589,16157],{"class":74},[52,32591,186],{"class":70},[52,32593,913],{"class":66},[52,32595,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32597,513],{"class":66},[52,32599,186],{"class":70},[52,32601,86],{"class":74},[52,32603,186],{"class":70},[52,32605,91],{"class":66},[52,32607,104],{"class":103},[52,32609,91],{"class":66},[52,32611,195],{"class":70},[52,32613,16157],{"class":74},[52,32615,186],{"class":70},[52,32617,766],{"class":66},[20,32619,32620,32622],{},[15,32621,17198],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[38,32624,4031,32626,4034],{"id":32625},"what-values-does",[15,32627,17198],{},[234,32629,32630,32633,32636,32639],{},[237,32631,32632],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[237,32634,32635],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[237,32637,32638],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[237,32640,32641],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32643,32644,32645,121],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[257,32646,265],{"href":9739},[38,32648,269],{"id":268},[43,32650,32652],{"className":45,"code":32651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32653,32654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32655,32656,32658,32660,32662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32657,11789],{"class":58},[52,32659,121],{"class":66},[52,32661,5712],{"class":124},[52,32663,128],{"class":66},[20,32665,293],{},[234,32667,32668,32672,32675],{},[237,32669,32670,300],{},[15,32671,17198],{},[237,32673,32674],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[237,32676,32677,32678],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32679,17198],{},[20,32681,32682,32683,2218,32688,121],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[257,32684,32685,32687],{"href":17189},[15,32686,17192],{}," for dictionary keys",[257,32689,32690,32692],{"href":17202},[15,32691,17205],{}," for key-value pairs",[38,32694,4031,32696,12039],{"id":32695},"what-values-returns",[15,32697,17198],{},[20,32699,32700,22105,32702,24895],{},[15,32701,17198],{},[15,32703,17164],{},[20,32705,32706,32707,32710],{},"This object is a ",[33,32708,32709],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32712,309],{},[43,32714,32716],{"className":45,"code":32715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32717,32718,32754,32758,32773,32784,32788,32810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32719,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32721,451],{"class":58},[52,32723,63],{"class":62},[52,32725,67],{"class":66},[52,32727,71],{"class":70},[52,32729,75],{"class":74},[52,32731,71],{"class":70},[52,32733,80],{"class":66},[52,32735,83],{"class":70},[52,32737,8275],{"class":74},[52,32739,71],{"class":70},[52,32741,91],{"class":66},[52,32743,83],{"class":70},[52,32745,96],{"class":74},[52,32747,71],{"class":70},[52,32749,80],{"class":66},[52,32751,483],{"class":103},[52,32753,107],{"class":66},[52,32755,32756],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32757,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,32759,32760,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32761,32762],{"class":58},"values_view ",[52,32764,63],{"class":62},[52,32766,495],{"class":58},[52,32768,121],{"class":66},[52,32770,5712],{"class":124},[52,32772,128],{"class":66},[52,32774,32775,32777,32779,32782],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32776,142],{"class":141},[52,32778,145],{"class":66},[52,32780,32781],{"class":124},"values_view",[52,32783,151],{"class":66},[52,32785,32786],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,32787,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,32789,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,32791,17434],{"class":58},[52,32793,513],{"class":66},[52,32795,71],{"class":70},[52,32797,10755],{"class":74},[52,32799,71],{"class":70},[52,32801,522],{"class":66},[52,32803,525],{"class":62},[52,32805,83],{"class":70},[52,32807,30777],{"class":74},[52,32809,3710],{"class":70},[52,32811,32812,32814,32816,32818],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,32813,142],{"class":141},[52,32815,145],{"class":66},[52,32817,32781],{"class":124},[52,32819,151],{"class":66},[20,32821,173],{},[43,32823,32825],{"className":45,"code":32824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32826,32827,32845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32828,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32830,17164],{"class":124},[52,32832,3336],{"class":66},[52,32834,186],{"class":70},[52,32836,8275],{"class":74},[52,32838,186],{"class":70},[52,32840,91],{"class":66},[52,32842,483],{"class":103},[52,32844,913],{"class":66},[52,32846,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32848,17164],{"class":124},[52,32850,3336],{"class":66},[52,32852,186],{"class":70},[52,32854,8275],{"class":74},[52,32856,186],{"class":70},[52,32858,91],{"class":66},[52,32860,483],{"class":103},[52,32862,91],{"class":66},[52,32864,195],{"class":70},[52,32866,30777],{"class":74},[52,32868,186],{"class":70},[52,32870,913],{"class":66},[20,32872,32873,32874,121],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32875,32876],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[43,32878,32880],{"className":45,"code":32879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32881,32882,32918,32937,32941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32883,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32885,451],{"class":58},[52,32887,63],{"class":62},[52,32889,67],{"class":66},[52,32891,71],{"class":70},[52,32893,75],{"class":74},[52,32895,71],{"class":70},[52,32897,80],{"class":66},[52,32899,83],{"class":70},[52,32901,8275],{"class":74},[52,32903,71],{"class":70},[52,32905,91],{"class":66},[52,32907,83],{"class":70},[52,32909,96],{"class":74},[52,32911,71],{"class":70},[52,32913,80],{"class":66},[52,32915,483],{"class":103},[52,32917,107],{"class":66},[52,32919,32920,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,32921,32922],{"class":58},"values_list ",[52,32924,63],{"class":62},[52,32926,22690],{"class":3251},[52,32928,145],{"class":66},[52,32930,17434],{"class":124},[52,32932,121],{"class":66},[52,32934,5712],{"class":124},[52,32936,7547],{"class":66},[52,32938,32939],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32940,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,32942,32943,32945,32947,32950],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32944,142],{"class":141},[52,32946,145],{"class":66},[52,32948,32949],{"class":124},"values_list",[52,32951,151],{"class":66},[20,32953,173],{},[43,32955,32957],{"className":45,"code":32956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32958,32959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32960,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32962,513],{"class":66},[52,32964,186],{"class":70},[52,32966,8275],{"class":74},[52,32968,186],{"class":70},[52,32970,91],{"class":66},[52,32972,483],{"class":103},[52,32974,766],{"class":66},[38,32976,438],{"id":437},[20,32978,32979],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[43,32981,32983],{"className":45,"code":32982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32984,32985,33039,33043,33057,33061,33071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32986,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33020,33022,33024,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32988,24927],{"class":58},[52,32990,63],{"class":62},[52,32992,67],{"class":66},[52,32994,71],{"class":70},[52,32996,24936],{"class":74},[52,32998,71],{"class":70},[52,33000,80],{"class":66},[52,33002,83],{"class":70},[52,33004,24945],{"class":74},[52,33006,71],{"class":70},[52,33008,91],{"class":66},[52,33010,83],{"class":70},[52,33012,24954],{"class":74},[52,33014,71],{"class":70},[52,33016,80],{"class":66},[52,33018,33019],{"class":103}," 2022",[52,33021,91],{"class":66},[52,33023,83],{"class":70},[52,33025,33026],{"class":74},"color",[52,33028,71],{"class":70},[52,33030,80],{"class":66},[52,33032,83],{"class":70},[52,33034,354],{"class":74},[52,33036,71],{"class":70},[52,33038,107],{"class":66},[52,33040,33041],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33042,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33044,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33046,2577],{"class":58},[52,33048,63],{"class":62},[52,33050,24976],{"class":58},[52,33052,121],{"class":66},[52,33054,5712],{"class":124},[52,33056,128],{"class":66},[52,33058,33059],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33060,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33062,33063,33065,33067,33069],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,33064,142],{"class":141},[52,33066,145],{"class":66},[52,33068,2612],{"class":124},[52,33070,151],{"class":66},[52,33072,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,33074,142],{"class":141},[52,33076,145],{"class":66},[52,33078,8448],{"class":3251},[52,33080,145],{"class":66},[52,33082,2612],{"class":124},[52,33084,2120],{"class":66},[20,33086,173],{},[43,33088,33090],{"className":45,"code":33089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33091,33092,33118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33093,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33095,17164],{"class":124},[52,33097,3336],{"class":66},[52,33099,186],{"class":70},[52,33101,24945],{"class":74},[52,33103,186],{"class":70},[52,33105,91],{"class":66},[52,33107,33019],{"class":103},[52,33109,91],{"class":66},[52,33111,195],{"class":70},[52,33113,354],{"class":74},[52,33115,186],{"class":70},[52,33117,913],{"class":66},[52,33119,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33121,513],{"class":66},[52,33123,186],{"class":70},[52,33125,24945],{"class":74},[52,33127,186],{"class":70},[52,33129,91],{"class":66},[52,33131,33019],{"class":103},[52,33133,91],{"class":66},[52,33135,195],{"class":70},[52,33137,354],{"class":74},[52,33139,186],{"class":70},[52,33141,766],{"class":66},[20,33143,12017],{},[234,33145,33146,33152,33158,33166],{},[237,33147,33148,33151],{},[15,33149,33150],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[237,33153,33154,33157],{},[15,33155,33156],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[237,33159,33160,33163,33164,24748],{},[15,33161,33162],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33165,17164],{},[237,33167,33168,33171],{},[15,33169,33170],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[38,33173,33175],{"id":33174},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33177,33178,33179,26196],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33180,6312],{},[43,33182,33184],{"className":45,"code":33183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33185,33186,33230,33234,33250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33187,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33189,5416],{"class":58},[52,33191,63],{"class":62},[52,33193,67],{"class":66},[52,33195,71],{"class":70},[52,33197,18545],{"class":74},[52,33199,71],{"class":70},[52,33201,80],{"class":66},[52,33203,20027],{"class":103},[52,33205,91],{"class":66},[52,33207,83],{"class":70},[52,33209,31287],{"class":74},[52,33211,71],{"class":70},[52,33213,80],{"class":66},[52,33215,763],{"class":103},[52,33217,91],{"class":66},[52,33219,83],{"class":70},[52,33221,18554],{"class":74},[52,33223,71],{"class":70},[52,33225,80],{"class":66},[52,33227,29053],{"class":103},[52,33229,107],{"class":66},[52,33231,33232],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33233,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33235,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33237,6312],{"class":163},[52,33239,21714],{"class":58},[52,33241,4238],{"class":163},[52,33243,5463],{"class":58},[52,33245,121],{"class":66},[52,33247,5712],{"class":124},[52,33249,21725],{"class":66},[52,33251,33252,33254,33256,33258],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33253,8423],{"class":141},[52,33255,145],{"class":66},[52,33257,2823],{"class":124},[52,33259,151],{"class":66},[20,33261,173],{},[43,33263,33265],{"className":45,"code":33264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33266,33267,33272,33277],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33268,33269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33270,33271],{"class":103},"90\n",[52,33273,33274],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33275,33276],{"class":103},"85\n",[52,33278,33279],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33280,33281],{"class":103},"88\n",[20,33283,17838],{},[234,33285,33286,33289,33292],{},[237,33287,33288],{},"You only need the values",[237,33290,33291],{},"You do not care about the keys",[237,33293,33294],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33296,33297,33298,261,33302,121],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[257,33299,2260,33300,2264],{"href":17202},[15,33301,17205],{},[257,33303,22605],{"href":33304},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[38,33306,33308],{"id":33307},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33310,222,33311,33313],{},[15,33312,32876],{}," when you need a list.",[43,33315,33317],{"className":45,"code":33316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33318,33319,33365,33369,33389,33393,33404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33320,33321,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33357,33359,33361,33363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33322,33323],{"class":58},"fruit_prices ",[52,33325,63],{"class":62},[52,33327,67],{"class":66},[52,33329,71],{"class":70},[52,33331,4432],{"class":74},[52,33333,71],{"class":70},[52,33335,80],{"class":66},[52,33337,1378],{"class":103},[52,33339,91],{"class":66},[52,33341,83],{"class":70},[52,33343,4441],{"class":74},[52,33345,71],{"class":70},[52,33347,80],{"class":66},[52,33349,1364],{"class":103},[52,33351,91],{"class":66},[52,33353,83],{"class":70},[52,33355,33356],{"class":74},"orange",[52,33358,71],{"class":70},[52,33360,80],{"class":66},[52,33362,2801],{"class":103},[52,33364,107],{"class":66},[52,33366,33367],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33368,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33370,33371,33374,33376,33378,33380,33383,33385,33387],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33372,33373],{"class":58},"price_list ",[52,33375,63],{"class":62},[52,33377,22690],{"class":3251},[52,33379,145],{"class":66},[52,33381,33382],{"class":124},"fruit_prices",[52,33384,121],{"class":66},[52,33386,5712],{"class":124},[52,33388,7547],{"class":66},[52,33390,33391],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33392,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33394,33395,33397,33399,33402],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,33396,142],{"class":141},[52,33398,145],{"class":66},[52,33400,33401],{"class":124},"price_list",[52,33403,151],{"class":66},[52,33405,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,33407,142],{"class":141},[52,33409,145],{"class":66},[52,33411,33401],{"class":124},[52,33413,513],{"class":66},[52,33415,2467],{"class":103},[52,33417,913],{"class":66},[20,33419,173],{},[43,33421,33423],{"className":45,"code":33422,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33424,33425,33441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33426,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33428,513],{"class":66},[52,33430,2404],{"class":103},[52,33432,91],{"class":66},[52,33434,1364],{"class":103},[52,33436,91],{"class":66},[52,33438,2801],{"class":103},[52,33440,766],{"class":66},[52,33442,33443],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33444,17183],{"class":103},[20,33446,33447],{},"This is helpful for:",[234,33449,33450,33453,33456],{},[237,33451,33452],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[237,33454,33455],{},"Accessing values by index",[237,33457,33458],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33460,4279,33461,33463],{},[15,33462,17164],{}," is not the same as a list.",[38,33465,33467,10931,33469,10931,33471],{"id":33466},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33468,17198],{},[15,33470,17192],{},[15,33472,17205],{},[20,33474,33475],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[234,33477,33478,33483,33488],{},[237,33479,33480,33482],{},[15,33481,17198],{}," returns only the values",[237,33484,33485,33487],{},[15,33486,17192],{}," returns only the keys",[237,33489,33490,33492],{},[15,33491,17205],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33494,2473],{},[43,33496,33498],{"className":45,"code":33497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33499,33500,33536,33540,33554,33568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33501,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33503,59],{"class":58},[52,33505,63],{"class":62},[52,33507,67],{"class":66},[52,33509,71],{"class":70},[52,33511,75],{"class":74},[52,33513,71],{"class":70},[52,33515,80],{"class":66},[52,33517,83],{"class":70},[52,33519,86],{"class":74},[52,33521,71],{"class":70},[52,33523,91],{"class":66},[52,33525,83],{"class":70},[52,33527,96],{"class":74},[52,33529,71],{"class":70},[52,33531,80],{"class":66},[52,33533,104],{"class":103},[52,33535,107],{"class":66},[52,33537,33538],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33539,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33541,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33543,142],{"class":141},[52,33545,145],{"class":66},[52,33547,887],{"class":124},[52,33549,121],{"class":66},[52,33551,17050],{"class":124},[52,33553,7547],{"class":66},[52,33555,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33557,142],{"class":141},[52,33559,145],{"class":66},[52,33561,887],{"class":124},[52,33563,121],{"class":66},[52,33565,5712],{"class":124},[52,33567,7547],{"class":66},[52,33569,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,33571,142],{"class":141},[52,33573,145],{"class":66},[52,33575,887],{"class":124},[52,33577,121],{"class":66},[52,33579,8163],{"class":124},[52,33581,7547],{"class":66},[20,33583,173],{},[43,33585,33587],{"className":45,"code":33586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33588,33589,33611,33629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33590,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33592,17141],{"class":124},[52,33594,3336],{"class":66},[52,33596,186],{"class":70},[52,33598,75],{"class":74},[52,33600,186],{"class":70},[52,33602,91],{"class":66},[52,33604,195],{"class":70},[52,33606,96],{"class":74},[52,33608,186],{"class":70},[52,33610,913],{"class":66},[52,33612,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33614,17164],{"class":124},[52,33616,3336],{"class":66},[52,33618,186],{"class":70},[52,33620,86],{"class":74},[52,33622,186],{"class":70},[52,33624,91],{"class":66},[52,33626,104],{"class":103},[52,33628,913],{"class":66},[52,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33632,22038],{"class":124},[52,33634,10005],{"class":66},[52,33636,186],{"class":70},[52,33638,75],{"class":74},[52,33640,186],{"class":70},[52,33642,91],{"class":66},[52,33644,104],{"class":103},[52,33646,11024],{"class":66},[20,33648,18823],{},[234,33650,33651,33658,33665],{},[237,33652,33653,33657],{},[257,33654,33655],{"href":17189},[15,33656,17192],{}," when you need just the keys",[237,33659,33660,33664],{},[257,33661,33662],{"href":17195},[15,33663,17198],{}," when you need just the values",[237,33666,33667,33671],{},[257,33668,33669],{"href":17202},[15,33670,17205],{}," when you need both",[38,33673,4873],{"id":4872},[20,33675,33676,33677,121],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33678,17198],{},[1335,33680,29783,33682,33684],{"id":33681},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33683,17198],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33686,33687,33689],{},[15,33688,17198],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33691,16770],{},[43,33693,33695],{"className":45,"code":33694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33696,33697,33717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33698,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33700,8662],{"class":58},[52,33702,63],{"class":62},[52,33704,755],{"class":66},[52,33706,3339],{"class":103},[52,33708,91],{"class":66},[52,33710,1378],{"class":103},[52,33712,91],{"class":66},[52,33714,2801],{"class":103},[52,33716,766],{"class":66},[52,33718,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33720,142],{"class":141},[52,33722,145],{"class":66},[52,33724,8693],{"class":124},[52,33726,121],{"class":66},[52,33728,5712],{"class":124},[52,33730,7547],{"class":66},[20,33732,33733,33734,33736],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33735,17198],{}," method.",[20,33738,33739],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[43,33741,33743],{"className":45,"code":33742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33744,33745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33746,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33748,142],{"class":141},[52,33750,145],{"class":66},[52,33752,3573],{"class":3251},[52,33754,145],{"class":66},[52,33756,8693],{"class":124},[52,33758,2120],{"class":66},[20,33760,33761,33762,33764,33765,121],{},"If you get an ",[15,33763,25803],{},", see ",[257,33766,25811,33767,33769],{"href":25810},[15,33768,25814],{}," errors",[1335,33771,2040,33773,33775],{"id":33772},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33774,17198],{}," returns a list",[20,33777,33778],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[43,33780,33782],{"className":45,"code":33781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33783,33784,33820,33834,33838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33785,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33787,59],{"class":58},[52,33789,63],{"class":62},[52,33791,67],{"class":66},[52,33793,71],{"class":70},[52,33795,75],{"class":74},[52,33797,71],{"class":70},[52,33799,80],{"class":66},[52,33801,83],{"class":70},[52,33803,86],{"class":74},[52,33805,71],{"class":70},[52,33807,91],{"class":66},[52,33809,83],{"class":70},[52,33811,96],{"class":74},[52,33813,71],{"class":70},[52,33815,80],{"class":66},[52,33817,104],{"class":103},[52,33819,107],{"class":66},[52,33821,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33823,4178],{"class":58},[52,33825,63],{"class":62},[52,33827,118],{"class":58},[52,33829,121],{"class":66},[52,33831,5712],{"class":124},[52,33833,128],{"class":66},[52,33835,33836],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33837,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33839,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33841,142],{"class":141},[52,33843,145],{"class":66},[52,33845,3573],{"class":3251},[52,33847,145],{"class":66},[52,33849,5712],{"class":124},[52,33851,2120],{"class":66},[20,33853,173],{},[43,33855,33857],{"className":45,"code":33856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33858,33859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33860,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33862,3642],{"class":62},[52,33864,3645],{"class":2413},[52,33866,195],{"class":70},[52,33868,17164],{"class":74},[52,33870,186],{"class":70},[52,33872,3654],{"class":62},[20,33874,5501,33875,33877],{},[15,33876,17164],{},", not a list.",[20,33879,33880],{},"If you need a list:",[43,33882,33884],{"className":45,"code":33883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33885,33886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33887,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33889,4178],{"class":58},[52,33891,63],{"class":62},[52,33893,22690],{"class":3251},[52,33895,145],{"class":66},[52,33897,887],{"class":124},[52,33899,121],{"class":66},[52,33901,5712],{"class":124},[52,33903,7547],{"class":66},[1335,33905,33907,33908],{"id":33906},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33909,17164],{},[20,33911,33912],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[43,33914,33916],{"className":45,"code":33915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33917,33918,33954,33968,33972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33919,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33921,59],{"class":58},[52,33923,63],{"class":62},[52,33925,67],{"class":66},[52,33927,71],{"class":70},[52,33929,75],{"class":74},[52,33931,71],{"class":70},[52,33933,80],{"class":66},[52,33935,83],{"class":70},[52,33937,86],{"class":74},[52,33939,71],{"class":70},[52,33941,91],{"class":66},[52,33943,83],{"class":70},[52,33945,96],{"class":74},[52,33947,71],{"class":70},[52,33949,80],{"class":66},[52,33951,104],{"class":103},[52,33953,107],{"class":66},[52,33955,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,33957,4178],{"class":58},[52,33959,63],{"class":62},[52,33961,118],{"class":58},[52,33963,121],{"class":66},[52,33965,5712],{"class":124},[52,33967,128],{"class":66},[52,33969,33970],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33971,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,33973,33974],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33975,33976],{"class":4017},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33978,33979],{},"Convert to a list first:",[43,33981,33983],{"className":45,"code":33982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33984,33985,34021,34039,34043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33986,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33988,59],{"class":58},[52,33990,63],{"class":62},[52,33992,67],{"class":66},[52,33994,71],{"class":70},[52,33996,75],{"class":74},[52,33998,71],{"class":70},[52,34000,80],{"class":66},[52,34002,83],{"class":70},[52,34004,86],{"class":74},[52,34006,71],{"class":70},[52,34008,91],{"class":66},[52,34010,83],{"class":70},[52,34012,96],{"class":74},[52,34014,71],{"class":70},[52,34016,80],{"class":66},[52,34018,104],{"class":103},[52,34020,107],{"class":66},[52,34022,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34024,4178],{"class":58},[52,34026,63],{"class":62},[52,34028,22690],{"class":3251},[52,34030,145],{"class":66},[52,34032,887],{"class":124},[52,34034,121],{"class":66},[52,34036,5712],{"class":124},[52,34038,7547],{"class":66},[52,34040,34041],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34042,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,34044,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,34046,142],{"class":141},[52,34048,145],{"class":66},[52,34050,5712],{"class":124},[52,34052,513],{"class":66},[52,34054,2467],{"class":103},[52,34056,913],{"class":66},[1335,34058,1326,34060,2034,34062],{"id":34059},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34061,5712],{},[15,34063,17198],{},[20,34065,34066],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[43,34068,34070],{"className":45,"code":34069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34071,34072,34108,34112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34073,34074,34076,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34075,59],{"class":58},[52,34077,63],{"class":62},[52,34079,67],{"class":66},[52,34081,71],{"class":70},[52,34083,75],{"class":74},[52,34085,71],{"class":70},[52,34087,80],{"class":66},[52,34089,83],{"class":70},[52,34091,86],{"class":74},[52,34093,71],{"class":70},[52,34095,91],{"class":66},[52,34097,83],{"class":70},[52,34099,96],{"class":74},[52,34101,71],{"class":70},[52,34103,80],{"class":66},[52,34105,104],{"class":103},[52,34107,107],{"class":66},[52,34109,34110],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34111,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,34113,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34115,142],{"class":141},[52,34117,145],{"class":66},[52,34119,887],{"class":124},[52,34121,121],{"class":66},[52,34123,5712],{"class":24881},[52,34125,151],{"class":66},[20,34127,34128,34131],{},[15,34129,34130],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34133,18823],{},[43,34135,34137],{"className":45,"code":34136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34138,34139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34140,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34142,142],{"class":141},[52,34144,145],{"class":66},[52,34146,887],{"class":124},[52,34148,121],{"class":66},[52,34150,5712],{"class":124},[52,34152,7547],{"class":66},[1335,34154,34156],{"id":34155},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34158,34159],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[43,34161,34163],{"className":45,"code":34162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34164,34165,34197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34166,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34168,1815],{"class":58},[52,34170,63],{"class":62},[52,34172,67],{"class":66},[52,34174,71],{"class":70},[52,34176,257],{"class":74},[52,34178,71],{"class":70},[52,34180,80],{"class":66},[52,34182,1364],{"class":103},[52,34184,91],{"class":66},[52,34186,83],{"class":70},[52,34188,345],{"class":74},[52,34190,71],{"class":70},[52,34192,80],{"class":66},[52,34194,1378],{"class":103},[52,34196,107],{"class":66},[52,34198,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207,34209],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34200,142],{"class":141},[52,34202,145],{"class":66},[52,34204,1868],{"class":124},[52,34206,121],{"class":66},[52,34208,5712],{"class":124},[52,34210,7547],{"class":66},[20,34212,34213],{},"Not like this:",[43,34215,34217],{"className":45,"code":34216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34218,34219,34224,34229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34220,34221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34222,34223],{"class":4017},"# Wrong examples:\n",[52,34225,34226],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34227,34228],{"class":4017},"# data().values()\n",[52,34230,34231],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34232,34233],{"class":4017},"# values(data)\n",[20,34235,3691],{},[43,34237,34239],{"className":45,"code":34238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34240,34241,34255,34265,34279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34242,34243,34245,34247,34249,34251,34253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34244,142],{"class":141},[52,34246,145],{"class":66},[52,34248,3573],{"class":3251},[52,34250,145],{"class":66},[52,34252,11789],{"class":124},[52,34254,2120],{"class":66},[52,34256,34257,34259,34261,34263],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34258,142],{"class":141},[52,34260,145],{"class":66},[52,34262,11789],{"class":124},[52,34264,151],{"class":66},[52,34266,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34268,142],{"class":141},[52,34270,145],{"class":66},[52,34272,11789],{"class":124},[52,34274,121],{"class":66},[52,34276,5712],{"class":124},[52,34278,7547],{"class":66},[52,34280,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,34282,142],{"class":141},[52,34284,145],{"class":66},[52,34286,8448],{"class":3251},[52,34288,145],{"class":66},[52,34290,11789],{"class":124},[52,34292,121],{"class":66},[52,34294,5712],{"class":124},[52,34296,6644],{"class":66},[38,34298,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,34300,5495,34302,5498],{"id":34301},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34303,32455],{},[20,34305,17549,34306,34308],{},[15,34307,17164],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1335,34310,2195,34312,24062],{"id":34311},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34313,17198],{},[20,34315,24065,34316,24069],{},[15,34317,34318],{},"list(...)",[1335,34320,26188,34322,2221],{"id":34321},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34323,32455],{},[20,34325,34326,34327,26196],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34328,6312],{},[1335,34330,2195,34332,34334],{"id":34331},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34333,32455],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34336,34337],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1335,34339,34341,34342,34344,34345,2221],{"id":34340},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34343,17198],{}," different from ",[15,34346,17205],{},[20,34348,34349,34351,34352,34354],{},[15,34350,17198],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34353,17205],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[38,34356,2240],{"id":2239},[234,34358,34359,34365,34371,34375,34381,34385],{},[237,34360,34361],{},[257,34362,2260,34363,2264],{"href":17189},[15,34364,17192],{},[237,34366,34367],{},[257,34368,2260,34369,2264],{"href":17202},[15,34370,17205],{},[237,34372,34373],{},[257,34374,2247],{"href":9739},[237,34376,34377],{},[257,34378,34380],{"href":34379},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[237,34382,34383],{},[257,34384,24147],{"href":33304},[237,34386,34387],{},[257,34388,30481,34389],{"href":25810},[15,34390,34391],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2278,34393,34394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":34396},[34397,34398,34400,34401,34403,34404,34405,34406,34408,34419,34431],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":32625,"depth":110,"text":34399},"What values() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":32695,"depth":110,"text":34402},"What values() returns",{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":33174,"depth":110,"text":33175},{"id":33307,"depth":110,"text":33308},{"id":33466,"depth":110,"text":34407},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":34409},[34410,34412,34414,34416,34418],{"id":33681,"depth":131,"text":34411},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33772,"depth":131,"text":34413},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33906,"depth":131,"text":34415},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34059,"depth":131,"text":34417},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34155,"depth":131,"text":34156},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":34420},[34421,34423,34425,34427,34429],{"id":34301,"depth":131,"text":34422},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34311,"depth":131,"text":34424},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34321,"depth":131,"text":34426},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34331,"depth":131,"text":34428},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34340,"depth":131,"text":34430},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32442,"description":34432},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34438,"title":34439,"body":34440,"description":35871,"extension":2310,"meta":35872,"navigation":134,"path":35873,"seo":35874,"stem":35875,"__hash__":35876},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34441,"toc":35823},[34442,34448,34453,34456,34472,34481,34483,34515,34521,34524,34619,34622,34627,34632,34635,34646,34648,34662,34668,34670,34675,34681,34684,34723,34731,34736,34739,34784,34787,34799,34805,34811,34815,34848,34851,34869,34872,34876,34915,34917,34937,34940,34952,34957,34963,34966,35021,35024,35035,35038,35049,35052,35056,35062,35064,35094,35097,35112,35115,35118,35137,35140,35156,35165,35167,35198,35204,35209,35212,35219,35250,35253,35275,35278,35281,35295,35299,35330,35345,35352,35359,35363,35371,35375,35383,35386,35435,35446,35448,35451,35457,35462,35472,35476,35479,35482,35486,35489,35491,35512,35516,35522,35533,35539,35541,35547,35571,35574,35637,35640,35668,35671,35733,35735,35740,35743,35750,35758,35765,35768,35776,35782,35784,35811,35820],[10,34443,3928,34445,3932],{"id":34444},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34446,34447],{},"dir()",[20,34449,32452,34450,34452],{},[15,34451,34447],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34454,34455],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[234,34457,34458,34461,34464,34469],{},[237,34459,34460],{},"learning Python",[237,34462,34463],{},"exploring a new object",[237,34465,34466,34467],{},"debugging an ",[15,34468,25803],{},[237,34470,34471],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34473,34474,34475,34477,34478],{},"In short, ",[15,34476,34447],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[33,34479,34480],{},"“What can I use here?”",[38,34482,41],{"id":40},[43,34484,34486],{"className":45,"code":34485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34487,34488,34500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34489,34490,34492,34494,34496,34498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34491,8230],{"class":58},[52,34493,63],{"class":62},[52,34495,83],{"class":70},[52,34497,4201],{"class":74},[52,34499,3710],{"class":70},[52,34501,34502,34504,34506,34509,34511,34513],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34503,142],{"class":141},[52,34505,145],{"class":66},[52,34507,34508],{"class":141},"dir",[52,34510,145],{"class":66},[52,34512,75],{"class":124},[52,34514,2120],{"class":66},[20,34516,222,34517,34520],{},[15,34518,34519],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34522,34523],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[43,34525,34527],{"className":45,"code":34526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34528,34529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34530,34531,34533,34535,34538,34540,34542,34544,34547,34549,34551,34553,34556,34558,34560,34562,34565,34567,34569,34571,34574,34576,34578,34580,34583,34585,34587,34591,34593,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603,34606,34608,34610,34612,34615,34617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34532,513],{"class":66},[52,34534,186],{"class":70},[52,34536,34537],{"class":74},"__add__",[52,34539,186],{"class":70},[52,34541,91],{"class":66},[52,34543,195],{"class":70},[52,34545,34546],{"class":74},"__class__",[52,34548,186],{"class":70},[52,34550,91],{"class":66},[52,34552,195],{"class":70},[52,34554,34555],{"class":74},"__contains__",[52,34557,186],{"class":70},[52,34559,91],{"class":66},[52,34561,195],{"class":70},[52,34563,34564],{"class":74},"__delattr__",[52,34566,186],{"class":70},[52,34568,91],{"class":66},[52,34570,195],{"class":70},[52,34572,34573],{"class":74},"__dir__",[52,34575,186],{"class":70},[52,34577,91],{"class":66},[52,34579,195],{"class":70},[52,34581,34582],{"class":74},"__doc__",[52,34584,186],{"class":70},[52,34586,91],{"class":66},[52,34588,34590],{"class":34589},"s_hVV"," ...",[52,34592,91],{"class":66},[52,34594,195],{"class":70},[52,34596,8995],{"class":74},[52,34598,186],{"class":70},[52,34600,91],{"class":66},[52,34602,195],{"class":70},[52,34604,34605],{"class":74},"split",[52,34607,186],{"class":70},[52,34609,91],{"class":66},[52,34611,195],{"class":70},[52,34613,34614],{"class":74},"upper",[52,34616,186],{"class":70},[52,34618,766],{"class":66},[20,34620,34621],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[38,34623,4031,34625,4034],{"id":34624},"what-dir-does",[15,34626,34447],{},[20,34628,34629,34631],{},[15,34630,34447],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34633,34634],{},"It usually includes:",[234,34636,34637,34640,34643],{},[237,34638,34639],{},"attributes",[237,34641,34642],{},"methods",[237,34644,34645],{},"special Python names",[20,34647,11798],{},[234,34649,34650,34656,34659],{},[237,34651,34652,34653],{},"The result is a ",[33,34654,34655],{},"list of strings",[237,34657,34658],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[237,34660,34661],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34663,34664,34665,34667],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34666,34447],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[38,34669,269],{"id":268},[20,34671,34672,34674],{},[15,34673,34447],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1335,34676,34678,34680],{"id":34677},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34679,34447],{}," with no argument",[20,34682,34683],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[43,34685,34687],{"className":45,"code":34686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34688,34689,34697,34709,34713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34690,34691,34693,34695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34692,3375],{"class":58},[52,34694,63],{"class":62},[52,34696,1883],{"class":103},[52,34698,34699,34701,34703,34705,34707],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34700,8230],{"class":58},[52,34702,63],{"class":62},[52,34704,83],{"class":70},[52,34706,8030],{"class":74},[52,34708,3710],{"class":70},[52,34710,34711],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34712,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,34714,34715,34717,34719,34721],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,34716,142],{"class":141},[52,34718,145],{"class":66},[52,34720,34508],{"class":141},[52,34722,7547],{"class":66},[20,34724,34725,34726,2218,34728,34730],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34727,1357],{},[15,34729,75],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1335,34732,34734],{"id":34733},"dirobject",[15,34735,34519],{},[20,34737,34738],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[43,34740,34742],{"className":45,"code":34741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34743,34744,34762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34745,34746,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758,34760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34747,142],{"class":141},[52,34749,145],{"class":66},[52,34751,34508],{"class":141},[52,34753,145],{"class":66},[52,34755,71],{"class":70},[52,34757,4201],{"class":74},[52,34759,71],{"class":70},[52,34761,2120],{"class":66},[52,34763,34764,34766,34768,34770,34772,34774,34776,34778,34780,34782],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34765,142],{"class":141},[52,34767,145],{"class":66},[52,34769,34508],{"class":141},[52,34771,3336],{"class":66},[52,34773,3339],{"class":103},[52,34775,91],{"class":66},[52,34777,1378],{"class":103},[52,34779,91],{"class":66},[52,34781,2801],{"class":103},[52,34783,2144],{"class":66},[20,34785,34786],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[234,34788,34789,34791,34793,34796],{},[237,34790,5662],{},[237,34792,5653],{},[237,34794,34795],{},"modules",[237,34797,34798],{},"custom objects",[38,34800,1326,34802,34804],{"id":34801},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34803,34447],{}," with a value",[20,34806,34807,34808,34810],{},"A common use of ",[15,34809,34447],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1335,34812,34814],{"id":34813},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[43,34816,34818],{"className":45,"code":34817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34819,34820,34833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34821,34822,34825,34827,34829,34831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34823,34824],{"class":58},"text ",[52,34826,63],{"class":62},[52,34828,83],{"class":70},[52,34830,4201],{"class":74},[52,34832,3710],{"class":70},[52,34834,34835,34837,34839,34841,34843,34846],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34836,142],{"class":141},[52,34838,145],{"class":66},[52,34840,34508],{"class":141},[52,34842,145],{"class":66},[52,34844,34845],{"class":124},"text",[52,34847,2120],{"class":66},[20,34849,34850],{},"You will see method names like:",[234,34852,34853,34857,34861,34865],{},[237,34854,34855],{},[15,34856,8995],{},[237,34858,34859],{},[15,34860,34614],{},[237,34862,34863],{},[15,34864,34605],{},[237,34866,34867],{},[15,34868,8989],{},[20,34870,34871],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1335,34873,34875],{"id":34874},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[43,34877,34879],{"className":45,"code":34878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34880,34881,34901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34882,34883,34885,34887,34889,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34884,3971],{"class":58},[52,34886,63],{"class":62},[52,34888,755],{"class":66},[52,34890,3339],{"class":103},[52,34892,91],{"class":66},[52,34894,1378],{"class":103},[52,34896,91],{"class":66},[52,34898,2801],{"class":103},[52,34900,766],{"class":66},[52,34902,34903,34905,34907,34909,34911,34913],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34904,142],{"class":141},[52,34906,145],{"class":66},[52,34908,34508],{"class":141},[52,34910,145],{"class":66},[52,34912,4001],{"class":124},[52,34914,2120],{"class":66},[20,34916,34850],{},[234,34918,34919,34923,34927,34932],{},[237,34920,34921],{},[15,34922,811],{},[237,34924,34925],{},[15,34926,26373],{},[237,34928,34929],{},[15,34930,34931],{},"remove",[237,34933,34934],{},[15,34935,34936],{},"sort",[20,34938,34939],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34941,34942,34943,34948,34949,34951],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[257,34944,34946],{"href":34945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34947,2650],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34950,34447],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[38,34953,1326,34955,34680],{"id":34954},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34956,34447],{},[20,34958,34959,34960,34962],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34961,34447],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34964,34965],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[43,34967,34969],{"className":45,"code":34968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34970,34971,34980,34984,34995,35007,35011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34972,34973,34975,34977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34974,3375],{"class":58},[52,34976,63],{"class":62},[52,34978,34979],{"class":103}," 5\n",[52,34981,34982],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,34983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,34985,34986,34989,34993],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34987,34988],{"class":2413},"def",[52,34990,34992],{"class":34991},"sGLFI"," greet",[52,34994,21725],{"class":66},[52,34996,34997,35000,35002,35005],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,34998,34999],{"class":163},"    return",[52,35001,83],{"class":70},[52,35003,35004],{"class":74},"Hello",[52,35006,3710],{"class":70},[52,35008,35009],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,35010,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35012,35013,35015,35017,35019],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,35014,142],{"class":141},[52,35016,145],{"class":66},[52,35018,34508],{"class":141},[52,35020,7547],{"class":66},[20,35022,35023],{},"The output will include names like:",[234,35025,35026,35030],{},[237,35027,35028],{},[15,35029,1357],{},[237,35031,35032],{},[15,35033,35034],{},"greet",[20,35036,35037],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[234,35039,35040,35043,35046],{},[237,35041,35042],{},"what variables exist",[237,35044,35045],{},"what functions you have defined",[237,35047,35048],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35050,35051],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[38,35053,35055],{"id":35054},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35057,35058,35059,35061],{},"When you first use ",[15,35060,34447],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35063,309],{},[43,35065,35066],{"className":45,"code":34817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35067,35068,35080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35069,35070,35072,35074,35076,35078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35071,34824],{"class":58},[52,35073,63],{"class":62},[52,35075,83],{"class":70},[52,35077,4201],{"class":74},[52,35079,3710],{"class":70},[52,35081,35082,35084,35086,35088,35090,35092],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35083,142],{"class":141},[52,35085,145],{"class":66},[52,35087,34508],{"class":141},[52,35089,145],{"class":66},[52,35091,34845],{"class":124},[52,35093,2120],{"class":66},[20,35095,35096],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[234,35098,35099,35103,35107],{},[237,35100,35101],{},[15,35102,34546],{},[237,35104,35105],{},[15,35106,34582],{},[237,35108,35109],{},[15,35110,35111],{},"__len__",[20,35113,35114],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35116,35117],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[234,35119,35120,35124,35128,35132],{},[237,35121,35122],{},[15,35123,34614],{},[237,35125,35126],{},[15,35127,8995],{},[237,35129,35130],{},[15,35131,34605],{},[237,35133,35134],{},[15,35135,35136],{},"replace",[20,35138,35139],{},"A key point to remember:",[234,35141,35142,35150],{},[237,35143,35144,35146,35147],{},[15,35145,34447],{}," lists ",[33,35148,35149],{},"names only",[237,35151,35152,35153,35155],{},"it does ",[33,35154,1332],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35157,35158,35159,121],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[257,35160,35162],{"href":35161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35163,35164],{},"help()",[20,35166,5826],{},[43,35168,35170],{"className":45,"code":35169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35171,35172,35184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35173,35174,35176,35178,35180,35182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35175,8230],{"class":58},[52,35177,63],{"class":62},[52,35179,83],{"class":70},[52,35181,4201],{"class":74},[52,35183,3710],{"class":70},[52,35185,35186,35188,35190,35192,35194,35196],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35187,32287],{"class":141},[52,35189,145],{"class":66},[52,35191,75],{"class":124},[52,35193,121],{"class":66},[52,35195,34614],{"class":24881},[52,35197,151],{"class":66},[38,35199,35201,35203],{"id":35200},"dir-on-modules",[15,35202,34447],{}," on modules",[20,35205,15840,35206,35208],{},[15,35207,34447],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35210,35211],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1335,35213,35215,35216,35218],{"id":35214},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35217,18545],{}," module",[43,35220,35222],{"className":45,"code":35221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35223,35224,35232,35236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35225,35226,35229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35227,35228],{"class":163},"import",[52,35230,35231],{"class":58}," math\n",[52,35233,35234],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35235,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35237,35238,35240,35242,35244,35246,35248],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35239,142],{"class":141},[52,35241,145],{"class":66},[52,35243,34508],{"class":141},[52,35245,145],{"class":66},[52,35247,18545],{"class":124},[52,35249,2120],{"class":66},[20,35251,35252],{},"You may see names like:",[234,35254,35255,35260,35265,35270],{},[237,35256,35257],{},[15,35258,35259],{},"sqrt",[237,35261,35262],{},[15,35263,35264],{},"ceil",[237,35266,35267],{},[15,35268,35269],{},"floor",[237,35271,35272],{},[15,35273,35274],{},"pi",[20,35276,35277],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35279,35280],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[234,35282,35283,35289],{},[237,35284,35285],{},[257,35286,35288],{"href":35287},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[237,35290,35291],{},[257,35292,35294],{"href":35293},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1335,35296,35298],{"id":35297},"another-example","Another example",[43,35300,35302],{"className":45,"code":35301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35303,35304,35311,35315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35305,35306,35308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35307,35228],{"class":163},[52,35309,35310],{"class":58}," json\n",[52,35312,35313],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35314,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35316,35317,35319,35321,35323,35325,35328],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35318,142],{"class":141},[52,35320,145],{"class":66},[52,35322,34508],{"class":141},[52,35324,145],{"class":66},[52,35326,35327],{"class":124},"json",[52,35329,2120],{"class":66},[20,35331,35332,35333,2536,35336,2536,35339,17199,35342,121],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35334,35335],{},"dump",[15,35337,35338],{},"dumps",[15,35340,35341],{},"load",[15,35343,35344],{},"loads",[38,35346,35348,10931,35350],{"id":35347},"dir-vs-help",[15,35349,34447],{},[15,35351,35164],{},[20,35353,35354,2218,35356,35358],{},[15,35355,34447],{},[15,35357,35164],{}," are often used together.",[1335,35360,35361],{"id":34508},[15,35362,34447],{},[234,35364,35365,35368],{},[237,35366,35367],{},"shows available names",[237,35369,35370],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1335,35372,35373],{"id":32287},[15,35374,35164],{},[234,35376,35377,35380],{},[237,35378,35379],{},"explains what an object or function does",[237,35381,35382],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35384,35385],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[43,35387,35389],{"className":45,"code":35388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35390,35391,35403,35407,35421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35392,35393,35395,35397,35399,35401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35394,8230],{"class":58},[52,35396,63],{"class":62},[52,35398,83],{"class":70},[52,35400,4201],{"class":74},[52,35402,3710],{"class":70},[52,35404,35405],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35406,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35408,35409,35411,35413,35415,35417,35419],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35410,142],{"class":141},[52,35412,145],{"class":66},[52,35414,34508],{"class":141},[52,35416,145],{"class":66},[52,35418,75],{"class":124},[52,35420,2120],{"class":66},[52,35422,35423,35425,35427,35429,35431,35433],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,35424,32287],{"class":141},[52,35426,145],{"class":66},[52,35428,75],{"class":124},[52,35430,121],{"class":66},[52,35432,34614],{"class":24881},[52,35434,151],{"class":66},[20,35436,222,35437,35439,35440,35442,35443,35445],{},[15,35438,34447],{}," first to find a method name.",[10194,35441],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35444,35164],{}," to understand how to use it.",[38,35447,25489],{"id":25488},[20,35449,35450],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1335,35452,35454,35456],{"id":35453},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35455,34447],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35458,35459,35461],{},[15,35460,34447],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35463,35464,35465,35467,35468,35471],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35466,34614],{}," in ",[15,35469,35470],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1335,35473,35475],{"id":35474},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35477,35478],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35480,35481],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1335,35483,35485],{"id":35484},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35487,35488],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35490,5826],{},[234,35492,35493,35498,35504],{},[237,35494,35495,35497],{},[15,35496,35470],{}," shows string-related names",[237,35499,35500,35503],{},[15,35501,35502],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[237,35505,35506,35509,35510,35218],{},[15,35507,35508],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35511,18545],{},[1335,35513,35515],{"id":35514},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35517,35518,35519,35521],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35520,34447],{}," does not mean you already know:",[234,35523,35524,35527,35530],{},[237,35525,35526],{},"what it does",[237,35528,35529],{},"what arguments it needs",[237,35531,35532],{},"what it returns",[20,35534,35535,35536,35538],{},"That is why ",[15,35537,35164],{}," is the natural next step.",[38,35540,2022],{"id":2021},[20,35542,35543,35544,35546],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35545,34447],{}," in these situations:",[234,35548,35549,35552,35561,35564],{},[237,35550,35551],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[237,35553,35554,35555,35560],{},"Seeing an ",[257,35556,35558],{"href":35557},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35559,25803],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[237,35562,35563],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[237,35565,1326,35566,35568,35569],{},[15,35567,34447],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35570,35164],{},[20,35572,35573],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[43,35575,35577],{"className":45,"code":35576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35578,35579,35591,35595,35609,35623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35580,35581,35583,35585,35587,35589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35582,8230],{"class":58},[52,35584,63],{"class":62},[52,35586,83],{"class":70},[52,35588,4201],{"class":74},[52,35590,3710],{"class":70},[52,35592,35593],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35594,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35596,35597,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35598,142],{"class":141},[52,35600,145],{"class":66},[52,35602,3573],{"class":3251},[52,35604,145],{"class":66},[52,35606,75],{"class":124},[52,35608,2120],{"class":66},[52,35610,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619,35621],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,35612,142],{"class":141},[52,35614,145],{"class":66},[52,35616,34508],{"class":141},[52,35618,145],{"class":66},[52,35620,75],{"class":124},[52,35622,2120],{"class":66},[52,35624,35625,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,35626,32287],{"class":141},[52,35628,145],{"class":66},[52,35630,75],{"class":124},[52,35632,121],{"class":66},[52,35634,34614],{"class":24881},[52,35636,151],{"class":66},[20,35638,35639],{},"And for modules:",[43,35641,35642],{"className":45,"code":35221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35643,35644,35650,35654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35645,35646,35648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35647,35228],{"class":163},[52,35649,35231],{"class":58},[52,35651,35652],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35653,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35655,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664,35666],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35657,142],{"class":141},[52,35659,145],{"class":66},[52,35661,34508],{"class":141},[52,35663,145],{"class":66},[52,35665,18545],{"class":124},[52,35667,2120],{"class":66},[20,35669,35670],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[43,35672,35674],{"className":45,"code":35673,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35675,35676,35681,35693,35703,35717,35723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35677,35678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35679,35680],{"class":58},"python\n",[52,35682,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35684,8230],{"class":58},[52,35686,63],{"class":62},[52,35688,83],{"class":70},[52,35690,4201],{"class":74},[52,35692,3710],{"class":70},[52,35694,35695,35697,35699,35701],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35696,34508],{"class":141},[52,35698,145],{"class":66},[52,35700,75],{"class":124},[52,35702,151],{"class":66},[52,35704,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,35706,32287],{"class":141},[52,35708,145],{"class":66},[52,35710,75],{"class":124},[52,35712,121],{"class":66},[52,35714,34614],{"class":24881},[52,35716,151],{"class":66},[52,35718,35719,35721],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,35720,35228],{"class":163},[52,35722,35231],{"class":58},[52,35724,35725,35727,35729,35731],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,35726,34508],{"class":141},[52,35728,145],{"class":66},[52,35730,18545],{"class":124},[52,35732,151],{"class":66},[38,35734,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,35736,5495,35738,5498],{"id":35737},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35739,34447],{},[20,35741,35742],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1335,35744,2215,35746,2218,35748,2221],{"id":35745},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35747,34447],{},[15,35749,35164],{},[20,35751,35752,35754,35755,35757],{},[15,35753,34447],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35756,35164],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1335,35759,35761,35762,35764],{"id":35760},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35763,34447],{}," output?",[20,35766,35767],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1335,35769,5523,35771,35773,35774,2221],{"id":35770},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35772,34447],{}," help fix ",[15,35775,25803],{},[20,35777,35778,35779,121],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[257,35780,35781],{"href":35557},"object has no attribute",[38,35783,2240],{"id":2239},[234,35785,35786,35792,35797,35801,35805],{},[237,35787,35788],{},[257,35789,3928,35790,3861],{"href":35161},[15,35791,35164],{},[237,35793,35794],{},[257,35795,35796],{"href":35557},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[237,35798,35799],{},[257,35800,35288],{"href":35287},[237,35802,35803],{},[257,35804,35294],{"href":35293},[237,35806,35807],{},[257,35808,3928,35809,3861],{"href":34945},[15,35810,2650],{},[20,35812,35813,35814,35816,35817,35819],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35815,34447],{}," together with ",[15,35818,35164],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2278,35821,35822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":35824},[35825,35826,35828,35833,35838,35840,35841,35847,35852,35859,35860,35870],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":34624,"depth":110,"text":35827},"What dir() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":35829},[35830,35832],{"id":34677,"depth":131,"text":35831},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34733,"depth":131,"text":34519},{"id":34801,"depth":110,"text":35834,"children":35835},"Using dir() with a value",[35836,35837],{"id":34813,"depth":131,"text":34814},{"id":34874,"depth":131,"text":34875},{"id":34954,"depth":110,"text":35839},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35054,"depth":110,"text":35055},{"id":35200,"depth":110,"text":35842,"children":35843},"dir() on modules",[35844,35846],{"id":35214,"depth":131,"text":35845},"Example: math module",{"id":35297,"depth":131,"text":35298},{"id":35347,"depth":110,"text":35848,"children":35849},"dir() vs help()",[35850,35851],{"id":34508,"depth":131,"text":34447},{"id":32287,"depth":131,"text":35164},{"id":25488,"depth":110,"text":25489,"children":35853},[35854,35856,35857,35858],{"id":35453,"depth":131,"text":35855},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35474,"depth":131,"text":35475},{"id":35484,"depth":131,"text":35485},{"id":35514,"depth":131,"text":35515},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":35861},[35862,35864,35866,35868],{"id":35737,"depth":131,"text":35863},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35745,"depth":131,"text":35865},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35760,"depth":131,"text":35867},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35770,"depth":131,"text":35869},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34439,"description":35871},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35878,"title":35879,"body":35880,"description":37700,"extension":2310,"meta":37701,"navigation":134,"path":37702,"seo":37703,"stem":37704,"__hash__":37705},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35881,"toc":37669},[35882,35888,35893,35896,35904,35910,35912,35992,35994,36020,36025,36030,36035,36038,36049,36052,36054,36133,36135,36161,36168,36170,36172,36197,36200,36213,36218,36220,36301,36303,36329,36338,36343,36351,36357,36364,36367,36369,36448,36451,36508,36510,36547,36553,36558,36563,36566,36580,36582,36685,36687,36730,36739,36749,36756,36762,36769,36852,36854,36877,36880,36883,36885,36889,36893,36896,36959,36982,36985,36989,36995,36997,37064,37067,37144,37149,37155,37158,37161,37207,37209,37233,37238,37242,37247,37253,37316,37319,37321,37324,37349,37352,37487,37489,37590,37592,37597,37600,37606,37616,37624,37629,37635,37641,37643,37666],[10,35883,3928,35885,3932],{"id":35884},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35886,35887],{},"enumerate()",[20,35889,35890,35892],{},[15,35891,35887],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35894,35895],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[234,35897,35898,35901],{},[237,35899,35900],{},"the item itself",[237,35902,35903],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35905,35906,35907,35909],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35908,35887],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[38,35911,41],{"id":40},[43,35913,35915],{"className":45,"code":35914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35916,35917,35949,35953,35976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35918,35919,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35920,319],{"class":58},[52,35922,63],{"class":62},[52,35924,755],{"class":66},[52,35926,71],{"class":70},[52,35928,336],{"class":74},[52,35930,71],{"class":70},[52,35932,91],{"class":66},[52,35934,83],{"class":70},[52,35936,17583],{"class":74},[52,35938,71],{"class":70},[52,35940,91],{"class":66},[52,35942,83],{"class":70},[52,35944,354],{"class":74},[52,35946,71],{"class":70},[52,35948,766],{"class":66},[52,35950,35951],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,35952,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,35954,35955,35957,35960,35962,35965,35967,35970,35972,35974],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35956,6312],{"class":163},[52,35958,35959],{"class":58}," index",[52,35961,91],{"class":66},[52,35963,35964],{"class":58}," color ",[52,35966,4238],{"class":163},[52,35968,35969],{"class":141}," enumerate",[52,35971,145],{"class":66},[52,35973,17630],{"class":124},[52,35975,8696],{"class":66},[52,35977,35978,35980,35982,35985,35987,35990],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,35979,8423],{"class":141},[52,35981,145],{"class":66},[52,35983,35984],{"class":124},"index",[52,35986,91],{"class":66},[52,35988,35989],{"class":124}," color",[52,35991,151],{"class":66},[20,35993,173],{},[43,35995,35997],{"className":45,"code":35996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35998,35999,36006,36013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36000,36001,36003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36002,2467],{"class":103},[52,36004,36005],{"class":58}," red\n",[52,36007,36008,36010],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36009,3339],{"class":103},[52,36011,36012],{"class":58}," green\n",[52,36014,36015,36017],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36016,2404],{"class":103},[52,36018,36019],{"class":58}," blue\n",[20,36021,222,36022,36024],{},[15,36023,35887],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[38,36026,4031,36028,4034],{"id":36027},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36029,35887],{},[20,36031,36032,36034],{},[15,36033,35887],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36036,36037],{},"It is commonly used with:",[234,36039,36040,36042,36044,36046],{},[237,36041,5653],{},[237,36043,5656],{},[237,36045,5662],{},[237,36047,36048],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36050,36051],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36053,309],{},[43,36055,36057],{"className":45,"code":36056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36058,36059,36093,36097,36118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36060,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36080,36082,36084,36086,36089,36091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36062,5347],{"class":58},[52,36064,63],{"class":62},[52,36066,755],{"class":66},[52,36068,71],{"class":70},[52,36070,86],{"class":74},[52,36072,71],{"class":70},[52,36074,91],{"class":66},[52,36076,83],{"class":70},[52,36078,36079],{"class":74},"Ben",[52,36081,71],{"class":70},[52,36083,91],{"class":66},[52,36085,83],{"class":70},[52,36087,36088],{"class":74},"Cara",[52,36090,71],{"class":70},[52,36092,766],{"class":66},[52,36094,36095],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36096,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36098,36099,36101,36103,36105,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36100,6312],{"class":163},[52,36102,35959],{"class":58},[52,36104,91],{"class":66},[52,36106,36107],{"class":58}," name ",[52,36109,4238],{"class":163},[52,36111,35969],{"class":141},[52,36113,145],{"class":66},[52,36115,5391],{"class":124},[52,36117,8696],{"class":66},[52,36119,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36131],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36121,8423],{"class":141},[52,36123,145],{"class":66},[52,36125,35984],{"class":124},[52,36127,91],{"class":66},[52,36129,36130],{"class":124}," name",[52,36132,151],{"class":66},[20,36134,173],{},[43,36136,36138],{"className":45,"code":36137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36139,36140,36147,36154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36141,36142,36144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36143,2467],{"class":103},[52,36145,36146],{"class":58}," Ana\n",[52,36148,36149,36151],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36150,3339],{"class":103},[52,36152,36153],{"class":58}," Ben\n",[52,36155,36156,36158],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36157,2404],{"class":103},[52,36159,36160],{"class":58}," Cara\n",[20,36162,36163,36164,121],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[257,36165,36167],{"href":36166},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[38,36169,269],{"id":268},[20,36171,2507],{},[43,36173,36175],{"className":45,"code":36174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36176,36177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36178,36179,36182,36184,36186,36188,36191,36193,36195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36180,36181],{"class":141},"enumerate",[52,36183,145],{"class":66},[52,36185,4075],{"class":124},[52,36187,91],{"class":66},[52,36189,36190],{"class":9529}," start",[52,36192,63],{"class":62},[52,36194,2467],{"class":103},[52,36196,151],{"class":66},[20,36198,36199],{},"It has two parts:",[234,36201,36202,36207],{},[237,36203,36204,36206],{},[15,36205,4075],{},": the object you want to loop through",[237,36208,36209,36212],{},[15,36210,36211],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36214,36215,36216,121],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36217,2467],{},[20,36219,309],{},[43,36221,36223],{"className":45,"code":36222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36224,36225,36258,36262,36285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36226,36227,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36228,36229],{"class":58},"letters ",[52,36231,63],{"class":62},[52,36233,755],{"class":66},[52,36235,71],{"class":70},[52,36237,257],{"class":74},[52,36239,71],{"class":70},[52,36241,91],{"class":66},[52,36243,83],{"class":70},[52,36245,345],{"class":74},[52,36247,71],{"class":70},[52,36249,91],{"class":66},[52,36251,83],{"class":70},[52,36253,10087],{"class":74},[52,36255,71],{"class":70},[52,36257,766],{"class":66},[52,36259,36260],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36261,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36263,36264,36266,36269,36271,36274,36276,36278,36280,36283],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36265,6312],{"class":163},[52,36267,36268],{"class":58}," i",[52,36270,91],{"class":66},[52,36272,36273],{"class":58}," letter ",[52,36275,4238],{"class":163},[52,36277,35969],{"class":141},[52,36279,145],{"class":66},[52,36281,36282],{"class":124},"letters",[52,36284,8696],{"class":66},[52,36286,36287,36289,36291,36294,36296,36299],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36288,8423],{"class":141},[52,36290,145],{"class":66},[52,36292,36293],{"class":124},"i",[52,36295,91],{"class":66},[52,36297,36298],{"class":124}," letter",[52,36300,151],{"class":66},[20,36302,173],{},[43,36304,36306],{"className":45,"code":36305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36307,36308,36315,36322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36309,36310,36312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36311,2467],{"class":103},[52,36313,36314],{"class":58}," a\n",[52,36316,36317,36319],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36318,3339],{"class":103},[52,36320,36321],{"class":58}," b\n",[52,36323,36324,36326],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36325,2404],{"class":103},[52,36327,36328],{"class":58}," c\n",[20,36330,36331,36332,121],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[257,36333,3928,36335,3861],{"href":36334},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36336,36337],{},"range()",[38,36339,4031,36341,12039],{"id":36340},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36342,35887],{},[20,36344,36345,36347,36348,121],{},[15,36346,35887],{}," returns an ",[33,36349,36350],{},"enumerate object",[20,36352,36353,36354,36356],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36355,6312],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[234,36358,36359],{},[237,36360,36361],{},[15,36362,36363],{},"(index, item)",[20,36365,36366],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36368,309],{},[43,36370,36372],{"className":45,"code":36371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36373,36374,36407,36411,36433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36375,36376,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36377,36378],{"class":58},"fruits ",[52,36380,63],{"class":62},[52,36382,755],{"class":66},[52,36384,71],{"class":70},[52,36386,4432],{"class":74},[52,36388,71],{"class":70},[52,36390,91],{"class":66},[52,36392,83],{"class":70},[52,36394,4441],{"class":74},[52,36396,71],{"class":70},[52,36398,91],{"class":66},[52,36400,83],{"class":70},[52,36402,33356],{"class":74},[52,36404,71],{"class":70},[52,36406,766],{"class":66},[52,36408,36409],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36410,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36412,36413,36415,36417,36419,36422,36424,36426,36428,36431],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36414,6312],{"class":163},[52,36416,35959],{"class":58},[52,36418,91],{"class":66},[52,36420,36421],{"class":58}," fruit ",[52,36423,4238],{"class":163},[52,36425,35969],{"class":141},[52,36427,145],{"class":66},[52,36429,36430],{"class":124},"fruits",[52,36432,8696],{"class":66},[52,36434,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36446],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36436,8423],{"class":141},[52,36438,145],{"class":66},[52,36440,35984],{"class":124},[52,36442,91],{"class":66},[52,36444,36445],{"class":124}," fruit",[52,36447,151],{"class":66},[20,36449,36450],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[43,36452,36454],{"className":45,"code":36453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36455,36456,36476,36480,36498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36457,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36459,3971],{"class":58},[52,36461,63],{"class":62},[52,36463,755],{"class":66},[52,36465,2679],{"class":103},[52,36467,91],{"class":66},[52,36469,104],{"class":103},[52,36471,91],{"class":66},[52,36473,8148],{"class":103},[52,36475,766],{"class":66},[52,36477,36478],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36479,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36481,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36483,2577],{"class":58},[52,36485,63],{"class":62},[52,36487,22690],{"class":3251},[52,36489,145],{"class":66},[52,36491,36181],{"class":141},[52,36493,145],{"class":66},[52,36495,4001],{"class":124},[52,36497,2120],{"class":66},[52,36499,36500,36502,36504,36506],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36501,142],{"class":141},[52,36503,145],{"class":66},[52,36505,2612],{"class":124},[52,36507,151],{"class":66},[20,36509,173],{},[43,36511,36513],{"className":45,"code":36512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36514,36515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36516,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36518,21870],{"class":66},[52,36520,2467],{"class":103},[52,36522,91],{"class":66},[52,36524,1972],{"class":103},[52,36526,2110],{"class":66},[52,36528,9588],{"class":66},[52,36530,3339],{"class":103},[52,36532,91],{"class":66},[52,36534,104],{"class":103},[52,36536,2110],{"class":66},[52,36538,9588],{"class":66},[52,36540,2404],{"class":103},[52,36542,91],{"class":66},[52,36544,8148],{"class":103},[52,36546,9601],{"class":66},[20,36548,36549,36550,36552],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36551,35887],{}," produces.",[38,36554,1063,36556],{"id":36555},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36557,35887],{},[20,36559,222,36560,36562],{},[15,36561,35887],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36564,36565],{},"Common cases:",[234,36567,36568,36571,36574,36577],{},[237,36569,36570],{},"printing numbered output",[237,36572,36573],{},"building menus",[237,36575,36576],{},"showing positions in a list",[237,36578,36579],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36581,309],{},[43,36583,36585],{"className":45,"code":36584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36586,36587,36622,36626,36656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36588,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597,36600,36602,36604,36606,36609,36611,36613,36615,36618,36620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36590,30031],{"class":58},[52,36592,63],{"class":62},[52,36594,755],{"class":66},[52,36596,71],{"class":70},[52,36598,36599],{"class":74},"Wash dishes",[52,36601,71],{"class":70},[52,36603,91],{"class":66},[52,36605,83],{"class":70},[52,36607,36608],{"class":74},"Study Python",[52,36610,71],{"class":70},[52,36612,91],{"class":66},[52,36614,83],{"class":70},[52,36616,36617],{"class":74},"Go for a walk",[52,36619,71],{"class":70},[52,36621,766],{"class":66},[52,36623,36624],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36625,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36627,36628,36630,36632,36634,36637,36639,36641,36643,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36629,6312],{"class":163},[52,36631,2544],{"class":58},[52,36633,91],{"class":66},[52,36635,36636],{"class":58}," task ",[52,36638,4238],{"class":163},[52,36640,35969],{"class":141},[52,36642,145],{"class":66},[52,36644,36645],{"class":124},"tasks",[52,36647,91],{"class":66},[52,36649,36190],{"class":9529},[52,36651,63],{"class":62},[52,36653,3339],{"class":103},[52,36655,8696],{"class":66},[52,36657,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36679,36681,36683],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36659,8423],{"class":141},[52,36661,145],{"class":66},[52,36663,22424],{"class":2413},[52,36665,71],{"class":74},[52,36667,183],{"class":103},[52,36669,2587],{"class":124},[52,36671,22433],{"class":103},[52,36673,28446],{"class":74},[52,36675,183],{"class":103},[52,36677,36678],{"class":124},"task",[52,36680,22433],{"class":103},[52,36682,71],{"class":74},[52,36684,151],{"class":66},[20,36686,173],{},[43,36688,36690],{"className":45,"code":36689,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36691,36692,36704,36716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36693,36694,36696,36698,36701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36695,3339],{"class":103},[52,36697,121],{"class":66},[52,36699,36700],{"class":24881}," Wash",[52,36702,36703],{"class":58}," dishes\n",[52,36705,36706,36708,36710,36713],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36707,2404],{"class":103},[52,36709,121],{"class":66},[52,36711,36712],{"class":24881}," Study",[52,36714,36715],{"class":58}," Python\n",[52,36717,36718,36720,36722,36725,36727],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36719,2410],{"class":103},[52,36721,121],{"class":66},[52,36723,36724],{"class":24881}," Go",[52,36726,4232],{"class":163},[52,36728,36729],{"class":58}," a walk\n",[20,36731,36732,36733,36735,36736,121],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36734,35887],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36737,36738],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36740,36741,36742,121],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[257,36743,36745,36746,36748],{"href":36744},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36747,35887],{}," in Python",[38,36750,36752,36753,36755],{"id":36751},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36754,36211],{}," argument",[20,36757,36758,36759,36761],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36760,36211],{}," argument.",[20,36763,36764,36765,2034,36767,80],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36766,3339],{},[15,36768,2467],{},[43,36770,36772],{"className":45,"code":36771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36773,36774,36806,36810,36838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36775,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36777,319],{"class":58},[52,36779,63],{"class":62},[52,36781,755],{"class":66},[52,36783,71],{"class":70},[52,36785,336],{"class":74},[52,36787,71],{"class":70},[52,36789,91],{"class":66},[52,36791,83],{"class":70},[52,36793,17583],{"class":74},[52,36795,71],{"class":70},[52,36797,91],{"class":66},[52,36799,83],{"class":70},[52,36801,354],{"class":74},[52,36803,71],{"class":70},[52,36805,766],{"class":66},[52,36807,36808],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36811,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36813,6312],{"class":163},[52,36815,35959],{"class":58},[52,36817,91],{"class":66},[52,36819,35964],{"class":58},[52,36821,4238],{"class":163},[52,36823,35969],{"class":141},[52,36825,145],{"class":66},[52,36827,17630],{"class":124},[52,36829,91],{"class":66},[52,36831,36190],{"class":9529},[52,36833,63],{"class":62},[52,36835,3339],{"class":103},[52,36837,8696],{"class":66},[52,36839,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36841,8423],{"class":141},[52,36843,145],{"class":66},[52,36845,35984],{"class":124},[52,36847,91],{"class":66},[52,36849,35989],{"class":124},[52,36851,151],{"class":66},[20,36853,173],{},[43,36855,36857],{"className":45,"code":36856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36858,36859,36865,36871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36860,36861,36863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36862,3339],{"class":103},[52,36864,36005],{"class":58},[52,36866,36867,36869],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36868,2404],{"class":103},[52,36870,36012],{"class":58},[52,36872,36873,36875],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36874,2410],{"class":103},[52,36876,36019],{"class":58},[20,36878,36879],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36881,36882],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[38,36884,25489],{"id":25488},[20,36886,25492,36887,121],{},[15,36888,35887],{},[1335,36890,36892],{"id":36891},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36894,36895],{},"In this loop:",[43,36897,36899],{"className":45,"code":36898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36900,36901,36921,36925,36945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36902,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36904,3971],{"class":58},[52,36906,63],{"class":62},[52,36908,755],{"class":66},[52,36910,2679],{"class":103},[52,36912,91],{"class":66},[52,36914,104],{"class":103},[52,36916,91],{"class":66},[52,36918,8148],{"class":103},[52,36920,766],{"class":66},[52,36922,36923],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,36924,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,36926,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36928,6312],{"class":163},[52,36930,35959],{"class":58},[52,36932,91],{"class":66},[52,36934,21714],{"class":58},[52,36936,4238],{"class":163},[52,36938,35969],{"class":141},[52,36940,145],{"class":66},[52,36942,4001],{"class":124},[52,36944,8696],{"class":66},[52,36946,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,36948,8423],{"class":141},[52,36950,145],{"class":66},[52,36952,35984],{"class":124},[52,36954,91],{"class":66},[52,36956,8787],{"class":124},[52,36958,151],{"class":66},[234,36960,36961,36971],{},[237,36962,36963,1036,36965,2536,36967,2536,36969],{},[15,36964,35984],{},[15,36966,2467],{},[15,36968,3339],{},[15,36970,2404],{},[237,36972,36973,1036,36975,2536,36977,2536,36979],{},[15,36974,2823],{},[15,36976,2679],{},[15,36978,15880],{},[15,36980,36981],{},"30",[20,36983,36984],{},"These are different things.",[1335,36986,36988],{"id":36987},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36990,36991,36992,36994],{},"Each item from ",[15,36993,35887],{}," is a pair.",[20,36996,7040],{},[43,36998,37000],{"className":45,"code":36999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37001,37002,37026,37030,37050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37003,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37005,8133],{"class":58},[52,37007,63],{"class":62},[52,37009,755],{"class":66},[52,37011,71],{"class":70},[52,37013,1357],{"class":74},[52,37015,71],{"class":70},[52,37017,91],{"class":66},[52,37019,83],{"class":70},[52,37021,1371],{"class":74},[52,37023,71],{"class":70},[52,37025,766],{"class":66},[52,37027,37028],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37029,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,37031,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37033,6312],{"class":163},[52,37035,36268],{"class":58},[52,37037,91],{"class":66},[52,37039,6315],{"class":58},[52,37041,4238],{"class":163},[52,37043,35969],{"class":141},[52,37045,145],{"class":66},[52,37047,8163],{"class":124},[52,37049,8696],{"class":66},[52,37051,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,37053,8423],{"class":141},[52,37055,145],{"class":66},[52,37057,36293],{"class":124},[52,37059,91],{"class":66},[52,37061,29640],{"class":124},[52,37063,151],{"class":66},[20,37065,37066],{},"But this causes an error:",[43,37068,37070],{"className":45,"code":37069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37071,37072,37096,37100,37125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37073,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37075,8133],{"class":58},[52,37077,63],{"class":62},[52,37079,755],{"class":66},[52,37081,71],{"class":70},[52,37083,1357],{"class":74},[52,37085,71],{"class":70},[52,37087,91],{"class":66},[52,37089,83],{"class":70},[52,37091,1371],{"class":74},[52,37093,71],{"class":70},[52,37095,766],{"class":66},[52,37097,37098],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37099,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,37101,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37103,6312],{"class":163},[52,37105,36268],{"class":58},[52,37107,91],{"class":66},[52,37109,29640],{"class":58},[52,37111,91],{"class":66},[52,37113,37114],{"class":58}," extra ",[52,37116,4238],{"class":163},[52,37118,35969],{"class":141},[52,37120,145],{"class":66},[52,37122,8163],{"class":124},[52,37124,8696],{"class":66},[52,37126,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37142],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,37128,8423],{"class":141},[52,37130,145],{"class":66},[52,37132,36293],{"class":124},[52,37134,91],{"class":66},[52,37136,29640],{"class":124},[52,37138,91],{"class":66},[52,37140,37141],{"class":124}," extra",[52,37143,151],{"class":66},[20,37145,29194,37146,37148],{},[15,37147,35887],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1335,37150,37152,37154],{"id":37151},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37153,35887],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37156,37157],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37159,37160],{},"Example with a string:",[43,37162,37164],{"className":45,"code":37163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37165,37166,37192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37167,37168,37170,37172,37174,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37188,37190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37169,6312],{"class":163},[52,37171,35959],{"class":58},[52,37173,91],{"class":66},[52,37175,37176],{"class":58}," char ",[52,37178,4238],{"class":163},[52,37180,35969],{"class":141},[52,37182,145],{"class":66},[52,37184,71],{"class":70},[52,37186,37187],{"class":74},"cat",[52,37189,71],{"class":70},[52,37191,8696],{"class":66},[52,37193,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37205],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37195,8423],{"class":141},[52,37197,145],{"class":66},[52,37199,35984],{"class":124},[52,37201,91],{"class":66},[52,37203,37204],{"class":124}," char",[52,37206,151],{"class":66},[20,37208,173],{},[43,37210,37212],{"className":45,"code":37211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37213,37214,37220,37226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37215,37216,37218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37217,2467],{"class":103},[52,37219,36328],{"class":58},[52,37221,37222,37224],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37223,3339],{"class":103},[52,37225,36314],{"class":58},[52,37227,37228,37230],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37229,2404],{"class":103},[52,37231,37232],{"class":58}," t\n",[20,37234,37235,37236,121],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[257,37237,5489],{"href":5940},[1335,37239,37241],{"id":37240},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37243,37244,37245,121],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37246,35887],{},[20,37248,37249,37250,37252],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37251,6312],{}," loop:",[43,37254,37256],{"className":45,"code":37255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37257,37258,37290,37294,37306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37259,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37261,319],{"class":58},[52,37263,63],{"class":62},[52,37265,755],{"class":66},[52,37267,71],{"class":70},[52,37269,336],{"class":74},[52,37271,71],{"class":70},[52,37273,91],{"class":66},[52,37275,83],{"class":70},[52,37277,17583],{"class":74},[52,37279,71],{"class":70},[52,37281,91],{"class":66},[52,37283,83],{"class":70},[52,37285,354],{"class":74},[52,37287,71],{"class":70},[52,37289,766],{"class":66},[52,37291,37292],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37293,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,37295,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37297,6312],{"class":163},[52,37299,35964],{"class":58},[52,37301,4238],{"class":163},[52,37303,368],{"class":58},[52,37305,6748],{"class":66},[52,37307,37308,37310,37312,37314],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,37309,8423],{"class":141},[52,37311,145],{"class":66},[52,37313,33026],{"class":124},[52,37315,151],{"class":66},[20,37317,37318],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[38,37320,2022],{"id":2021},[20,37322,37323],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[234,37325,37326,37331,37337,37342],{},[237,37327,23231,37328,37330],{},[15,37329,35887],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[237,37332,37333,37334,37336],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37335,2467],{}," by default",[237,37338,1326,37339,37341],{},[15,37340,35887],{}," when only values are needed",[237,37343,37344,37345,9059,37347],{},"Confusing ",[15,37346,35887],{},[15,37348,36337],{},[20,37350,37351],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[43,37353,37355],{"className":45,"code":37354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37356,37357,37379,37406,37440,37473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37358,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37360,142],{"class":141},[52,37362,145],{"class":66},[52,37364,36181],{"class":141},[52,37366,3336],{"class":66},[52,37368,2679],{"class":103},[52,37370,91],{"class":66},[52,37372,104],{"class":103},[52,37374,91],{"class":66},[52,37376,8148],{"class":103},[52,37378,2144],{"class":66},[52,37380,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37382,142],{"class":141},[52,37384,145],{"class":66},[52,37386,8448],{"class":3251},[52,37388,145],{"class":66},[52,37390,36181],{"class":141},[52,37392,3336],{"class":66},[52,37394,2679],{"class":103},[52,37396,91],{"class":66},[52,37398,104],{"class":103},[52,37400,91],{"class":66},[52,37402,8148],{"class":103},[52,37404,37405],{"class":66},"])))\n",[52,37407,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37409,142],{"class":141},[52,37411,145],{"class":66},[52,37413,8448],{"class":3251},[52,37415,145],{"class":66},[52,37417,36181],{"class":141},[52,37419,3336],{"class":66},[52,37421,2679],{"class":103},[52,37423,91],{"class":66},[52,37425,104],{"class":103},[52,37427,91],{"class":66},[52,37429,8148],{"class":103},[52,37431,18190],{"class":66},[52,37433,36190],{"class":9529},[52,37435,63],{"class":62},[52,37437,3339],{"class":103},[52,37439,3262],{"class":66},[52,37441,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,37443,6312],{"class":163},[52,37445,36268],{"class":58},[52,37447,91],{"class":66},[52,37449,21714],{"class":58},[52,37451,4238],{"class":163},[52,37453,35969],{"class":141},[52,37455,3336],{"class":66},[52,37457,186],{"class":70},[52,37459,257],{"class":74},[52,37461,186],{"class":70},[52,37463,91],{"class":66},[52,37465,195],{"class":70},[52,37467,345],{"class":74},[52,37469,186],{"class":70},[52,37471,37472],{"class":66},"]):\n",[52,37474,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,37476,8423],{"class":141},[52,37478,145],{"class":66},[52,37480,36293],{"class":124},[52,37482,91],{"class":66},[52,37484,8787],{"class":124},[52,37486,151],{"class":66},[20,37488,17085],{},[43,37490,37492],{"className":45,"code":37491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37493,37494,37514,37546,37578,37584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37495,37496,37498,37500,37502,37505,37509,37512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37497,3642],{"class":62},[52,37499,36181],{"class":141},[52,37501,24748],{"class":3251},[52,37503,37504],{"class":58}," at ",[52,37506,37508],{"class":37507},"srjyR","0x",[52,37510,37511],{"class":34589},"...",[52,37513,3654],{"class":62},[52,37515,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37517,21870],{"class":66},[52,37519,2467],{"class":103},[52,37521,91],{"class":66},[52,37523,1972],{"class":103},[52,37525,2110],{"class":66},[52,37527,9588],{"class":66},[52,37529,3339],{"class":103},[52,37531,91],{"class":66},[52,37533,104],{"class":103},[52,37535,2110],{"class":66},[52,37537,9588],{"class":66},[52,37539,2404],{"class":103},[52,37541,91],{"class":66},[52,37543,8148],{"class":103},[52,37545,9601],{"class":66},[52,37547,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37549,21870],{"class":66},[52,37551,3339],{"class":103},[52,37553,91],{"class":66},[52,37555,1972],{"class":103},[52,37557,2110],{"class":66},[52,37559,9588],{"class":66},[52,37561,2404],{"class":103},[52,37563,91],{"class":66},[52,37565,104],{"class":103},[52,37567,2110],{"class":66},[52,37569,9588],{"class":66},[52,37571,2410],{"class":103},[52,37573,91],{"class":66},[52,37575,8148],{"class":103},[52,37577,9601],{"class":66},[52,37579,37580,37582],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,37581,2467],{"class":103},[52,37583,36314],{"class":58},[52,37585,37586,37588],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,37587,3339],{"class":103},[52,37589,36321],{"class":58},[38,37591,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,37593,5495,37595,5498],{"id":37594},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37596,35887],{},[20,37598,37599],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1335,37601,2195,37603,37605],{"id":37602},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37604,35887],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37607,37608,37609,37611,37612,37615],{},"It starts at ",[15,37610,2467],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37613,37614],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1335,37617,21550,37619,2034,37621,2221],{"id":37618},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37620,35887],{},[15,37622,37623],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37625,36732,37626,37628],{},[15,37627,35887],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1335,37630,5523,37632,37634],{"id":37631},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37633,35887],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37636,37637,37638,37640],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37639,35887],{}," can return each character with its index.",[38,37642,2240],{"id":2239},[234,37644,37645,37649,37655,37662],{},[237,37646,37647],{},[257,37648,36167],{"href":36166},[237,37650,37651],{},[257,37652,3928,37653,3861],{"href":36334},[15,37654,36337],{},[237,37656,37657],{},[257,37658,37659,37660,36748],{"href":36744},"How to use ",[15,37661,35887],{},[237,37663,37664],{},[257,37665,5569],{"href":5940},[2278,37667,37668],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":37670},[37671,37672,37674,37675,37677,37679,37681,37688,37689,37699],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":36027,"depth":110,"text":37673},"What enumerate() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":36340,"depth":110,"text":37676},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36555,"depth":110,"text":37678},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36751,"depth":110,"text":37680},"Using the start argument",{"id":25488,"depth":110,"text":25489,"children":37682},[37683,37684,37685,37687],{"id":36891,"depth":131,"text":36892},{"id":36987,"depth":131,"text":36988},{"id":37151,"depth":131,"text":37686},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37240,"depth":131,"text":37241},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":37690},[37691,37693,37695,37697],{"id":37594,"depth":131,"text":37692},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37602,"depth":131,"text":37694},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37618,"depth":131,"text":37696},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37631,"depth":131,"text":37698},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35879,"description":37700},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37707,"title":37708,"body":37709,"description":40225,"extension":2310,"meta":40226,"navigation":134,"path":40227,"seo":40228,"stem":40229,"__hash__":40230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37710,"toc":40182},[37711,37717,37722,37725,37733,37747,37749,37840,37848,37853,37858,37860,37876,37878,37957,37959,37976,37982,37986,37988,38009,38013,38016,38028,38032,38035,38038,38055,38058,38134,38136,38153,38158,38162,38170,38173,38188,38190,38279,38281,38326,38329,38333,38336,38415,38417,38439,38442,38449,38454,38457,38560,38562,38587,38590,38597,38603,38608,38611,38622,38728,38730,38751,38759,38766,38772,38791,38796,38799,38818,38820,38905,38907,38936,38939,38944,38949,38952,38963,38965,39054,39056,39076,39082,39188,39190,39210,39213,39297,39299,39319,39326,39328,39332,39338,39341,39398,39401,39404,39465,39474,39477,39480,39508,39511,39571,39573,39590,39594,39597,39675,39677,39697,39700,39775,39779,39782,39784,39793,39798,39800,39851,39859,39871,39876,39937,39939,39956,39960,40023,40025,40050,40058,40060,40066,40072,40079,40087,40093,40096,40103,40113,40119,40125,40128,40145,40151,40153,40179],[10,37712,3928,37714,3932],{"id":37713},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37715,37716],{},"filter()",[20,37718,37719,37721],{},[15,37720,37716],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37723,37724],{},"It takes:",[234,37726,37727,37730],{},[237,37728,37729],{},"a function that checks each item",[237,37731,37732],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37734,37735,37736,37739,37740,37743,37744,37746],{},"The result is ",[33,37737,37738],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37741,37742],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37745,24912],{}," to see the values.",[38,37748,41],{"id":40},[43,37750,37752],{"className":45,"code":37751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37753,37754,37787,37823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37755,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37757,3971],{"class":58},[52,37759,63],{"class":62},[52,37761,755],{"class":66},[52,37763,3339],{"class":103},[52,37765,91],{"class":66},[52,37767,1378],{"class":103},[52,37769,91],{"class":66},[52,37771,2801],{"class":103},[52,37773,91],{"class":66},[52,37775,2807],{"class":103},[52,37777,91],{"class":66},[52,37779,4959],{"class":103},[52,37781,91],{"class":66},[52,37783,37784],{"class":103}," 6",[52,37786,766],{"class":66},[52,37788,37789,37791,37793,37796,37798,37801,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37790,2577],{"class":58},[52,37792,63],{"class":62},[52,37794,37795],{"class":141}," filter",[52,37797,145],{"class":66},[52,37799,37800],{"class":2413},"lambda",[52,37802,37804],{"class":37803},"sFwrP"," x",[52,37806,80],{"class":66},[52,37808,4235],{"class":124},[52,37810,6758],{"class":62},[52,37812,1378],{"class":103},[52,37814,6763],{"class":62},[52,37816,4189],{"class":103},[52,37818,91],{"class":66},[52,37820,4617],{"class":124},[52,37822,151],{"class":66},[52,37824,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37826,142],{"class":141},[52,37828,145],{"class":66},[52,37830,8448],{"class":3251},[52,37832,145],{"class":66},[52,37834,2612],{"class":124},[52,37836,5715],{"class":66},[52,37838,37839],{"class":4017},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37841,37842,37844,37845,37847],{},[15,37843,37716],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37846,24912],{}," to see the results.",[38,37849,4031,37851,4034],{"id":37850},"what-filter-does",[15,37852,37716],{},[20,37854,37855,37857],{},[15,37856,37716],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37859,694],{},[234,37861,37862,37865,37871],{},[237,37863,37864],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[237,37866,37867,37868,37870],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37869,1048],{},", the item is kept",[237,37872,37867,37873,37875],{},[15,37874,1039],{},", the item is removed",[20,37877,309],{},[43,37879,37881],{"className":45,"code":37880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37882,37883,37911,37915,37943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37884,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907,37909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37886,3971],{"class":58},[52,37888,63],{"class":62},[52,37890,755],{"class":66},[52,37892,3339],{"class":103},[52,37894,91],{"class":66},[52,37896,1378],{"class":103},[52,37898,91],{"class":66},[52,37900,2801],{"class":103},[52,37902,91],{"class":66},[52,37904,2807],{"class":103},[52,37906,91],{"class":66},[52,37908,4959],{"class":103},[52,37910,766],{"class":66},[52,37912,37913],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,37914,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,37916,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37918,2577],{"class":58},[52,37920,63],{"class":62},[52,37922,37795],{"class":141},[52,37924,145],{"class":66},[52,37926,37800],{"class":2413},[52,37928,37804],{"class":37803},[52,37930,80],{"class":66},[52,37932,4235],{"class":124},[52,37934,4606],{"class":62},[52,37936,2801],{"class":103},[52,37938,91],{"class":66},[52,37940,4617],{"class":124},[52,37942,151],{"class":66},[52,37944,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,37946,142],{"class":141},[52,37948,145],{"class":66},[52,37950,8448],{"class":3251},[52,37952,145],{"class":66},[52,37954,2612],{"class":124},[52,37956,2120],{"class":66},[20,37958,173],{},[43,37960,37962],{"className":45,"code":37961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37963,37964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37965,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37967,513],{"class":66},[52,37969,2855],{"class":103},[52,37971,91],{"class":66},[52,37973,4959],{"class":103},[52,37975,766],{"class":66},[20,37977,37978,37979,37981],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37980,2410],{}," are kept.",[38,37983,37985],{"id":37984},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37987,2507],{},[43,37989,37991],{"className":45,"code":37990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37992,37993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37994,37995,37997,37999,38002,38004,38007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37996,37742],{"class":141},[52,37998,145],{"class":66},[52,38000,38001],{"class":124},"function",[52,38003,91],{"class":66},[52,38005,38006],{"class":124}," iterable",[52,38008,151],{"class":66},[1335,38010,38011],{"id":38001},[15,38012,38001],{},[20,38014,38015],{},"This is the test function.",[234,38017,38018,38021],{},[237,38019,38020],{},"It receives one item at a time",[237,38022,38023,38024,261,38026],{},"It should return ",[15,38025,1048],{},[15,38027,1039],{},[1335,38029,38030],{"id":4075},[15,38031,4075],{},[20,38033,38034],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38036,38037],{},"It can be:",[234,38039,38040,38043,38046,38049,38052],{},[237,38041,38042],{},"a list",[237,38044,38045],{},"a tuple",[237,38047,38048],{},"a string",[237,38050,38051],{},"a set",[237,38053,38054],{},"another iterable object",[20,38056,38057],{},"Example with a tuple:",[43,38059,38061],{"className":45,"code":38060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38062,38063,38088,38092,38120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38064,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38066,3971],{"class":58},[52,38068,63],{"class":62},[52,38070,9588],{"class":66},[52,38072,2679],{"class":103},[52,38074,91],{"class":66},[52,38076,38077],{"class":103}," 15",[52,38079,91],{"class":66},[52,38081,104],{"class":103},[52,38083,91],{"class":66},[52,38085,483],{"class":103},[52,38087,151],{"class":66},[52,38089,38090],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38091,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38093,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38095,2577],{"class":58},[52,38097,63],{"class":62},[52,38099,37795],{"class":141},[52,38101,145],{"class":66},[52,38103,37800],{"class":2413},[52,38105,37804],{"class":37803},[52,38107,80],{"class":66},[52,38109,4235],{"class":124},[52,38111,5451],{"class":62},[52,38113,104],{"class":103},[52,38115,91],{"class":66},[52,38117,4617],{"class":124},[52,38119,151],{"class":66},[52,38121,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130,38132],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38123,142],{"class":141},[52,38125,145],{"class":66},[52,38127,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38129,145],{"class":66},[52,38131,2612],{"class":124},[52,38133,2120],{"class":66},[20,38135,173],{},[43,38137,38139],{"className":45,"code":38138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38140,38141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38142,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38144,513],{"class":66},[52,38146,15880],{"class":103},[52,38148,91],{"class":66},[52,38150,483],{"class":103},[52,38152,766],{"class":66},[20,38154,38155,38156,121],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[257,38157,5489],{"href":5940},[38,38159,38161],{"id":38160},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38163,38164,38165,22105,38167,121],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38166,37716],{},[33,38168,38169],{},"filter object",[20,38171,38172],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[234,38174,38175,38178,38183],{},[237,38176,38177],{},"loop through it",[237,38179,38180,38181],{},"convert it with ",[15,38182,24912],{},[237,38184,38180,38185],{},[15,38186,38187],{},"tuple()",[20,38189,309],{},[43,38191,38193],{"className":45,"code":38192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38194,38195,38237,38241,38251,38265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38196,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38198,2577],{"class":58},[52,38200,63],{"class":62},[52,38202,37795],{"class":141},[52,38204,145],{"class":66},[52,38206,37800],{"class":2413},[52,38208,37804],{"class":37803},[52,38210,80],{"class":66},[52,38212,4235],{"class":124},[52,38214,4606],{"class":62},[52,38216,1378],{"class":103},[52,38218,91],{"class":66},[52,38220,755],{"class":66},[52,38222,3339],{"class":103},[52,38224,91],{"class":66},[52,38226,1378],{"class":103},[52,38228,91],{"class":66},[52,38230,2801],{"class":103},[52,38232,91],{"class":66},[52,38234,2807],{"class":103},[52,38236,913],{"class":66},[52,38238,38239],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38242,38243,38245,38247,38249],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38244,142],{"class":141},[52,38246,145],{"class":66},[52,38248,2612],{"class":124},[52,38250,151],{"class":66},[52,38252,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38254,142],{"class":141},[52,38256,145],{"class":66},[52,38258,3573],{"class":3251},[52,38260,145],{"class":66},[52,38262,2612],{"class":124},[52,38264,2120],{"class":66},[52,38266,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,38268,142],{"class":141},[52,38270,145],{"class":66},[52,38272,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38274,145],{"class":66},[52,38276,2612],{"class":124},[52,38278,2120],{"class":66},[20,38280,173],{},[43,38282,38284],{"className":45,"code":38283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38285,38286,38300,38314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38287,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38289,3642],{"class":62},[52,38291,37742],{"class":141},[52,38293,24748],{"class":3251},[52,38295,37504],{"class":58},[52,38297,37511],{"class":34589},[52,38299,3654],{"class":62},[52,38301,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38303,3642],{"class":62},[52,38305,3645],{"class":2413},[52,38307,195],{"class":70},[52,38309,37742],{"class":74},[52,38311,186],{"class":70},[52,38313,3654],{"class":62},[52,38315,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38317,513],{"class":66},[52,38319,2410],{"class":103},[52,38321,91],{"class":66},[52,38323,2807],{"class":103},[52,38325,766],{"class":66},[20,38327,38328],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1335,38330,38332],{"id":38331},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38334,38335],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[43,38337,38339],{"className":45,"code":38338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38340,38341,38383,38387,38401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38342,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38344,2577],{"class":58},[52,38346,63],{"class":62},[52,38348,37795],{"class":141},[52,38350,145],{"class":66},[52,38352,37800],{"class":2413},[52,38354,37804],{"class":37803},[52,38356,80],{"class":66},[52,38358,4235],{"class":124},[52,38360,4606],{"class":62},[52,38362,1378],{"class":103},[52,38364,91],{"class":66},[52,38366,755],{"class":66},[52,38368,3339],{"class":103},[52,38370,91],{"class":66},[52,38372,1378],{"class":103},[52,38374,91],{"class":66},[52,38376,2801],{"class":103},[52,38378,91],{"class":66},[52,38380,2807],{"class":103},[52,38382,913],{"class":66},[52,38384,38385],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38386,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38388,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38390,142],{"class":141},[52,38392,145],{"class":66},[52,38394,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38396,145],{"class":66},[52,38398,2612],{"class":124},[52,38400,2120],{"class":66},[52,38402,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38404,142],{"class":141},[52,38406,145],{"class":66},[52,38408,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38410,145],{"class":66},[52,38412,2612],{"class":124},[52,38414,2120],{"class":66},[20,38416,173],{},[43,38418,38420],{"className":45,"code":38419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38421,38422,38434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38423,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38425,513],{"class":66},[52,38427,2410],{"class":103},[52,38429,91],{"class":66},[52,38431,2807],{"class":103},[52,38433,766],{"class":66},[52,38435,38436],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38437,38438],{"class":66},"[]\n",[20,38440,38441],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[38,38443,1326,38445,9059,38447],{"id":38444},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38446,37716],{},[15,38448,37800],{},[20,38450,15314,38451,38453],{},[15,38452,37800],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38455,38456],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[43,38458,38460],{"className":45,"code":38459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38461,38462,38504,38508,38546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38463,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38500,38502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38465,4423],{"class":58},[52,38467,63],{"class":62},[52,38469,755],{"class":66},[52,38471,71],{"class":70},[52,38473,4432],{"class":74},[52,38475,71],{"class":70},[52,38477,91],{"class":66},[52,38479,83],{"class":70},[52,38481,38482],{"class":74},"kiwi",[52,38484,71],{"class":70},[52,38486,91],{"class":66},[52,38488,83],{"class":70},[52,38490,4441],{"class":74},[52,38492,71],{"class":70},[52,38494,91],{"class":66},[52,38496,83],{"class":70},[52,38498,38499],{"class":74},"fig",[52,38501,71],{"class":70},[52,38503,766],{"class":66},[52,38505,38506],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38507,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38509,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38523,38525,38528,38530,38533,38535,38538,38540,38542,38544],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38511,2577],{"class":58},[52,38513,63],{"class":62},[52,38515,37795],{"class":141},[52,38517,145],{"class":66},[52,38519,37800],{"class":2413},[52,38521,38522],{"class":37803}," word",[52,38524,80],{"class":66},[52,38526,38527],{"class":141}," len",[52,38529,145],{"class":66},[52,38531,38532],{"class":124},"word",[52,38534,4014],{"class":66},[52,38536,38537],{"class":62}," >",[52,38539,2807],{"class":103},[52,38541,91],{"class":66},[52,38543,6522],{"class":124},[52,38545,151],{"class":66},[52,38547,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38549,142],{"class":141},[52,38551,145],{"class":66},[52,38553,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38555,145],{"class":66},[52,38557,2612],{"class":124},[52,38559,2120],{"class":66},[20,38561,173],{},[43,38563,38565],{"className":45,"code":38564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38566,38567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38568,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38570,513],{"class":66},[52,38572,186],{"class":70},[52,38574,4432],{"class":74},[52,38576,186],{"class":70},[52,38578,91],{"class":66},[52,38580,195],{"class":70},[52,38582,4441],{"class":74},[52,38584,186],{"class":70},[52,38586,766],{"class":66},[20,38588,38589],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38591,38592,38593,121],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[257,38594,38596],{"href":38595},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[38,38598,1326,38600,38602],{"id":38599},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38601,37716],{}," with a named function",[20,38604,38605,38606,121],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38607,37800],{},[20,38609,38610],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[234,38612,38613,38616,38619],{},[237,38614,38615],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[237,38617,38618],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[237,38620,38621],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[43,38623,38625],{"className":45,"code":38624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38626,38627,38640,38655,38659,38691,38710,38714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38628,38629,38631,38634,38636,38638],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38630,34988],{"class":2413},[52,38632,38633],{"class":34991}," is_even",[52,38635,145],{"class":66},[52,38637,2587],{"class":37803},[52,38639,8696],{"class":66},[52,38641,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38643,34999],{"class":163},[52,38645,6741],{"class":58},[52,38647,6758],{"class":62},[52,38649,1378],{"class":103},[52,38651,6763],{"class":62},[52,38653,38654],{"class":103}," 0\n",[52,38656,38657],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38658,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38660,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38662,3971],{"class":58},[52,38664,63],{"class":62},[52,38666,755],{"class":66},[52,38668,3339],{"class":103},[52,38670,91],{"class":66},[52,38672,1378],{"class":103},[52,38674,91],{"class":66},[52,38676,2801],{"class":103},[52,38678,91],{"class":66},[52,38680,2807],{"class":103},[52,38682,91],{"class":66},[52,38684,4959],{"class":103},[52,38686,91],{"class":66},[52,38688,37784],{"class":103},[52,38690,766],{"class":66},[52,38692,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38704,38706,38708],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,38694,2577],{"class":58},[52,38696,63],{"class":62},[52,38698,37795],{"class":141},[52,38700,145],{"class":66},[52,38702,38703],{"class":124},"is_even",[52,38705,91],{"class":66},[52,38707,4617],{"class":124},[52,38709,151],{"class":66},[52,38711,38712],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,38713,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38715,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,38717,142],{"class":141},[52,38719,145],{"class":66},[52,38721,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38723,145],{"class":66},[52,38725,2612],{"class":124},[52,38727,2120],{"class":66},[20,38729,173],{},[43,38731,38733],{"className":45,"code":38732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38734,38735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38736,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38738,513],{"class":66},[52,38740,2404],{"class":103},[52,38742,91],{"class":66},[52,38744,2807],{"class":103},[52,38746,91],{"class":66},[52,38748,37784],{"class":103},[52,38750,766],{"class":66},[20,38752,20900,38753,2746,38756,38758],{},[15,38754,38755],{},"is_even()",[15,38757,1048],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[38,38760,1326,38762,9059,38764],{"id":38761},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38763,4133],{},[15,38765,37716],{},[20,38767,38768,38769,38771],{},"You can pass ",[15,38770,4133],{}," as the first argument:",[43,38773,38775],{"className":45,"code":38774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38776,38777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38778,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38780,37742],{"class":141},[52,38782,145],{"class":66},[52,38784,4133],{"class":218},[52,38786,91],{"class":66},[52,38788,38006],{"class":124},[52,38790,151],{"class":66},[20,38792,38793,38794,7693],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[33,38795,5950],{},[20,38797,38798],{},"Falsy values include:",[234,38800,38801,38805,38810,38814],{},[237,38802,38803],{},[15,38804,2467],{},[237,38806,38807,38809],{},[15,38808,4128],{}," (empty string)",[237,38811,38812],{},[15,38813,4133],{},[237,38815,38816],{},[15,38817,1039],{},[20,38819,309],{},[43,38821,38823],{"className":45,"code":38822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38824,38825,38869,38873,38891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38826,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38828,8133],{"class":58},[52,38830,63],{"class":62},[52,38832,755],{"class":66},[52,38834,2467],{"class":103},[52,38836,91],{"class":66},[52,38838,1364],{"class":103},[52,38840,91],{"class":66},[52,38842,6480],{"class":70},[52,38844,91],{"class":66},[52,38846,83],{"class":70},[52,38848,4201],{"class":74},[52,38850,71],{"class":70},[52,38852,91],{"class":66},[52,38854,4208],{"class":218},[52,38856,91],{"class":66},[52,38858,4270],{"class":218},[52,38860,91],{"class":66},[52,38862,4261],{"class":218},[52,38864,91],{"class":66},[52,38866,4959],{"class":103},[52,38868,766],{"class":66},[52,38870,38871],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,38872,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,38874,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38876,2577],{"class":58},[52,38878,63],{"class":62},[52,38880,37795],{"class":141},[52,38882,145],{"class":66},[52,38884,4133],{"class":218},[52,38886,91],{"class":66},[52,38888,6320],{"class":124},[52,38890,151],{"class":66},[52,38892,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38894,142],{"class":141},[52,38896,145],{"class":66},[52,38898,8448],{"class":3251},[52,38900,145],{"class":66},[52,38902,2612],{"class":124},[52,38904,2120],{"class":66},[20,38906,173],{},[43,38908,38910],{"className":45,"code":38909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38911,38912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38915,513],{"class":66},[52,38917,3339],{"class":103},[52,38919,91],{"class":66},[52,38921,195],{"class":70},[52,38923,4201],{"class":74},[52,38925,186],{"class":70},[52,38927,91],{"class":66},[52,38929,4270],{"class":218},[52,38931,91],{"class":66},[52,38933,4959],{"class":103},[52,38935,766],{"class":66},[20,38937,38938],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[38,38940,1063,38942],{"id":38941},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38943,37716],{},[20,38945,222,38946,38948],{},[15,38947,37716],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38950,38951],{},"It works well for:",[234,38953,38954,38957,38960],{},[237,38955,38956],{},"simple filtering rules",[237,38958,38959],{},"quick data cleaning",[237,38961,38962],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38964,309],{},[43,38966,38968],{"className":45,"code":38967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38969,38970,39002,39035,39039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38971,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38973,3971],{"class":58},[52,38975,63],{"class":62},[52,38977,755],{"class":66},[52,38979,3339],{"class":103},[52,38981,91],{"class":66},[52,38983,1378],{"class":103},[52,38985,91],{"class":66},[52,38987,2801],{"class":103},[52,38989,91],{"class":66},[52,38991,2807],{"class":103},[52,38993,91],{"class":66},[52,38995,4959],{"class":103},[52,38997,91],{"class":66},[52,38999,37784],{"class":103},[52,39001,766],{"class":66},[52,39003,39004,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39005,39006],{"class":58},"evens ",[52,39008,63],{"class":62},[52,39010,37795],{"class":141},[52,39012,145],{"class":66},[52,39014,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39016,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39018,80],{"class":66},[52,39020,4235],{"class":124},[52,39022,6758],{"class":62},[52,39024,1378],{"class":103},[52,39026,6763],{"class":62},[52,39028,4189],{"class":103},[52,39030,91],{"class":66},[52,39032,4617],{"class":124},[52,39034,151],{"class":66},[52,39036,39037],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,39038,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,39040,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39052],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,39042,142],{"class":141},[52,39044,145],{"class":66},[52,39046,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39048,145],{"class":66},[52,39050,39051],{"class":124},"evens",[52,39053,2120],{"class":66},[20,39055,173],{},[43,39057,39058],{"className":45,"code":38732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39059,39060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39061,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39063,513],{"class":66},[52,39065,2404],{"class":103},[52,39067,91],{"class":66},[52,39069,2807],{"class":103},[52,39071,91],{"class":66},[52,39073,37784],{"class":103},[52,39075,766],{"class":66},[20,39077,39078,39079,39081],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39080,6312],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[43,39083,39085],{"className":45,"code":39084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39086,39087,39119,39127,39131,39143,39159,39174,39178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39088,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39090,3971],{"class":58},[52,39092,63],{"class":62},[52,39094,755],{"class":66},[52,39096,3339],{"class":103},[52,39098,91],{"class":66},[52,39100,1378],{"class":103},[52,39102,91],{"class":66},[52,39104,2801],{"class":103},[52,39106,91],{"class":66},[52,39108,2807],{"class":103},[52,39110,91],{"class":66},[52,39112,4959],{"class":103},[52,39114,91],{"class":66},[52,39116,37784],{"class":103},[52,39118,766],{"class":66},[52,39120,39121,39123,39125],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39122,39006],{"class":58},[52,39124,63],{"class":62},[52,39126,8192],{"class":66},[52,39128,39129],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,39130,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,39132,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,39134,6312],{"class":163},[52,39136,6741],{"class":58},[52,39138,4238],{"class":163},[52,39140,4617],{"class":58},[52,39142,6748],{"class":66},[52,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,39146,6753],{"class":163},[52,39148,6741],{"class":58},[52,39150,6758],{"class":62},[52,39152,1378],{"class":103},[52,39154,6763],{"class":62},[52,39156,4189],{"class":103},[52,39158,6748],{"class":66},[52,39160,39161,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,39162,39163],{"class":58},"        evens",[52,39165,121],{"class":66},[52,39167,811],{"class":124},[52,39169,145],{"class":66},[52,39171,2587],{"class":124},[52,39173,151],{"class":66},[52,39175,39176],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,39177,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,39179,39180,39182,39184,39186],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,39181,142],{"class":141},[52,39183,145],{"class":66},[52,39185,39051],{"class":124},[52,39187,151],{"class":66},[20,39189,173],{},[43,39191,39192],{"className":45,"code":38732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39193,39194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39195,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39197,513],{"class":66},[52,39199,2404],{"class":103},[52,39201,91],{"class":66},[52,39203,2807],{"class":103},[52,39205,91],{"class":66},[52,39207,37784],{"class":103},[52,39209,766],{"class":66},[20,39211,39212],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[43,39214,39216],{"className":45,"code":39215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39217,39218,39250,39283,39287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39219,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39221,3971],{"class":58},[52,39223,63],{"class":62},[52,39225,755],{"class":66},[52,39227,3339],{"class":103},[52,39229,91],{"class":66},[52,39231,1378],{"class":103},[52,39233,91],{"class":66},[52,39235,2801],{"class":103},[52,39237,91],{"class":66},[52,39239,2807],{"class":103},[52,39241,91],{"class":66},[52,39243,4959],{"class":103},[52,39245,91],{"class":66},[52,39247,37784],{"class":103},[52,39249,766],{"class":66},[52,39251,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39253,39006],{"class":58},[52,39255,63],{"class":62},[52,39257,755],{"class":66},[52,39259,2564],{"class":58},[52,39261,6312],{"class":163},[52,39263,6741],{"class":58},[52,39265,4238],{"class":163},[52,39267,39268],{"class":58}," numbers ",[52,39270,7350],{"class":163},[52,39272,6741],{"class":58},[52,39274,6758],{"class":62},[52,39276,1378],{"class":103},[52,39278,6763],{"class":62},[52,39280,4189],{"class":103},[52,39282,766],{"class":66},[52,39284,39285],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,39286,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,39288,39289,39291,39293,39295],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,39290,142],{"class":141},[52,39292,145],{"class":66},[52,39294,39051],{"class":124},[52,39296,151],{"class":66},[20,39298,173],{},[43,39300,39301],{"className":45,"code":38732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39302,39303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39304,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39306,513],{"class":66},[52,39308,2404],{"class":103},[52,39310,91],{"class":66},[52,39312,2807],{"class":103},[52,39314,91],{"class":66},[52,39316,37784],{"class":103},[52,39318,766],{"class":66},[20,39320,39321,39322,121],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[257,39323,39325],{"href":39324},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[38,39327,2022],{"id":2021},[20,39329,2025,39330,121],{},[15,39331,37716],{},[1335,39333,8807,39335,39337],{"id":39334},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39336,37716],{}," to return a list",[20,39339,39340],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[43,39342,39344],{"className":45,"code":39343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39345,39346,39388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39347,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39349,2577],{"class":58},[52,39351,63],{"class":62},[52,39353,37795],{"class":141},[52,39355,145],{"class":66},[52,39357,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39359,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39361,80],{"class":66},[52,39363,4235],{"class":124},[52,39365,4606],{"class":62},[52,39367,1378],{"class":103},[52,39369,91],{"class":66},[52,39371,755],{"class":66},[52,39373,3339],{"class":103},[52,39375,91],{"class":66},[52,39377,1378],{"class":103},[52,39379,91],{"class":66},[52,39381,2801],{"class":103},[52,39383,91],{"class":66},[52,39385,2807],{"class":103},[52,39387,913],{"class":66},[52,39389,39390,39392,39394,39396],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39391,142],{"class":141},[52,39393,145],{"class":66},[52,39395,2612],{"class":124},[52,39397,151],{"class":66},[20,39399,39400],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39402,39403],{},"Fix:",[43,39405,39407],{"className":45,"code":39406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39408,39409,39451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39410,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39412,2577],{"class":58},[52,39414,63],{"class":62},[52,39416,37795],{"class":141},[52,39418,145],{"class":66},[52,39420,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39422,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39424,80],{"class":66},[52,39426,4235],{"class":124},[52,39428,4606],{"class":62},[52,39430,1378],{"class":103},[52,39432,91],{"class":66},[52,39434,755],{"class":66},[52,39436,3339],{"class":103},[52,39438,91],{"class":66},[52,39440,1378],{"class":103},[52,39442,91],{"class":66},[52,39444,2801],{"class":103},[52,39446,91],{"class":66},[52,39448,2807],{"class":103},[52,39450,913],{"class":66},[52,39452,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39454,142],{"class":141},[52,39456,145],{"class":66},[52,39458,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39460,145],{"class":66},[52,39462,2612],{"class":124},[52,39464,2120],{"class":66},[1335,39466,39468,39469,261,39471,39473],{"id":39467},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39470,1048],{},[15,39472,1039],{}," clearly",[20,39475,39476],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39478,39479],{},"Good example:",[43,39481,39483],{"className":45,"code":39482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39484,39485,39498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39486,39487,39489,39492,39494,39496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39488,34988],{"class":2413},[52,39490,39491],{"class":34991}," is_positive",[52,39493,145],{"class":66},[52,39495,2587],{"class":37803},[52,39497,8696],{"class":66},[52,39499,39500,39502,39504,39506],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39501,34999],{"class":163},[52,39503,6741],{"class":58},[52,39505,4606],{"class":62},[52,39507,38654],{"class":103},[20,39509,39510],{},"Then use it with:",[43,39512,39514],{"className":45,"code":39513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39515,39516,39548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39517,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39519,3971],{"class":58},[52,39521,63],{"class":62},[52,39523,755],{"class":66},[52,39525,2369],{"class":62},[52,39527,2404],{"class":103},[52,39529,91],{"class":66},[52,39531,2569],{"class":62},[52,39533,3339],{"class":103},[52,39535,91],{"class":66},[52,39537,4189],{"class":103},[52,39539,91],{"class":66},[52,39541,1364],{"class":103},[52,39543,91],{"class":66},[52,39545,1378],{"class":103},[52,39547,766],{"class":66},[52,39549,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39565,39567,39569],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39551,142],{"class":141},[52,39553,145],{"class":66},[52,39555,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39557,145],{"class":66},[52,39559,37742],{"class":141},[52,39561,145],{"class":66},[52,39563,39564],{"class":124},"is_positive",[52,39566,91],{"class":66},[52,39568,4617],{"class":124},[52,39570,3262],{"class":66},[20,39572,173],{},[43,39574,39576],{"className":45,"code":39575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39577,39578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39579,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39581,513],{"class":66},[52,39583,3339],{"class":103},[52,39585,91],{"class":66},[52,39587,1378],{"class":103},[52,39589,766],{"class":66},[1335,39591,39593],{"id":39592},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39595,39596],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[43,39598,39599],{"className":45,"code":38338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39600,39601,39643,39647,39661],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39602,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39604,2577],{"class":58},[52,39606,63],{"class":62},[52,39608,37795],{"class":141},[52,39610,145],{"class":66},[52,39612,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39614,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39616,80],{"class":66},[52,39618,4235],{"class":124},[52,39620,4606],{"class":62},[52,39622,1378],{"class":103},[52,39624,91],{"class":66},[52,39626,755],{"class":66},[52,39628,3339],{"class":103},[52,39630,91],{"class":66},[52,39632,1378],{"class":103},[52,39634,91],{"class":66},[52,39636,2801],{"class":103},[52,39638,91],{"class":66},[52,39640,2807],{"class":103},[52,39642,913],{"class":66},[52,39644,39645],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39646,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,39648,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,39650,142],{"class":141},[52,39652,145],{"class":66},[52,39654,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39656,145],{"class":66},[52,39658,2612],{"class":124},[52,39660,2120],{"class":66},[52,39662,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,39664,142],{"class":141},[52,39666,145],{"class":66},[52,39668,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39670,145],{"class":66},[52,39672,2612],{"class":124},[52,39674,2120],{"class":66},[20,39676,173],{},[43,39678,39679],{"className":45,"code":38419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39680,39681,39693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39682,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39684,513],{"class":66},[52,39686,2410],{"class":103},[52,39688,91],{"class":66},[52,39690,2807],{"class":103},[52,39692,766],{"class":66},[52,39694,39695],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39696,38438],{"class":66},[20,39698,39699],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[43,39701,39703],{"className":45,"code":39702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39704,39705,39751,39755,39765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39706,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39708,2577],{"class":58},[52,39710,63],{"class":62},[52,39712,22690],{"class":3251},[52,39714,145],{"class":66},[52,39716,37742],{"class":141},[52,39718,145],{"class":66},[52,39720,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39722,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39724,80],{"class":66},[52,39726,4235],{"class":124},[52,39728,4606],{"class":62},[52,39730,1378],{"class":103},[52,39732,91],{"class":66},[52,39734,755],{"class":66},[52,39736,3339],{"class":103},[52,39738,91],{"class":66},[52,39740,1378],{"class":103},[52,39742,91],{"class":66},[52,39744,2801],{"class":103},[52,39746,91],{"class":66},[52,39748,2807],{"class":103},[52,39750,2144],{"class":66},[52,39752,39753],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39754,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,39756,39757,39759,39761,39763],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,39758,142],{"class":141},[52,39760,145],{"class":66},[52,39762,2612],{"class":124},[52,39764,151],{"class":66},[52,39766,39767,39769,39771,39773],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,39768,142],{"class":141},[52,39770,145],{"class":66},[52,39772,2612],{"class":124},[52,39774,151],{"class":66},[1335,39776,39778],{"id":39777},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39780,39781],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39783,16770],{},[43,39785,39787],{"className":45,"code":39786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39788,39789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39790,39791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39792,39786],{"class":4017},[20,39794,39795,39796,6903],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39797,2679],{},[20,39799,16782],{},[43,39801,39803],{"className":45,"code":39802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39804,39805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39806,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39808,142],{"class":141},[52,39810,145],{"class":66},[52,39812,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39814,145],{"class":66},[52,39816,37742],{"class":141},[52,39818,145],{"class":66},[52,39820,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39822,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39824,80],{"class":66},[52,39826,4235],{"class":124},[52,39828,4606],{"class":62},[52,39830,1378],{"class":103},[52,39832,91],{"class":66},[52,39834,755],{"class":66},[52,39836,3339],{"class":103},[52,39838,91],{"class":66},[52,39840,1378],{"class":103},[52,39842,91],{"class":66},[52,39844,2801],{"class":103},[52,39846,91],{"class":66},[52,39848,2807],{"class":103},[52,39850,37405],{"class":66},[1335,39852,37344,39854,9059,39856],{"id":39853},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39855,37716],{},[15,39857,39858],{},"map()",[234,39860,39861,39866],{},[237,39862,39863,39865],{},[15,39864,37716],{}," keeps or removes items",[237,39867,39868,39870],{},[15,39869,39858],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39872,39873,39874,80],{},"Example of ",[15,39875,37716],{},[43,39877,39879],{"className":45,"code":39878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39880,39881,39905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39882,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39884,3971],{"class":58},[52,39886,63],{"class":62},[52,39888,755],{"class":66},[52,39890,3339],{"class":103},[52,39892,91],{"class":66},[52,39894,1378],{"class":103},[52,39896,91],{"class":66},[52,39898,2801],{"class":103},[52,39900,91],{"class":66},[52,39902,2807],{"class":103},[52,39904,766],{"class":66},[52,39906,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39908,142],{"class":141},[52,39910,145],{"class":66},[52,39912,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39914,145],{"class":66},[52,39916,37742],{"class":141},[52,39918,145],{"class":66},[52,39920,37800],{"class":2413},[52,39922,37804],{"class":37803},[52,39924,80],{"class":66},[52,39926,4235],{"class":124},[52,39928,4606],{"class":62},[52,39930,1378],{"class":103},[52,39932,91],{"class":66},[52,39934,4617],{"class":124},[52,39936,3262],{"class":66},[20,39938,173],{},[43,39940,39942],{"className":45,"code":39941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39943,39944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39945,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39947,513],{"class":66},[52,39949,2410],{"class":103},[52,39951,91],{"class":66},[52,39953,2807],{"class":103},[52,39955,766],{"class":66},[20,39957,39873,39958,80],{},[15,39959,39858],{},[43,39961,39963],{"className":45,"code":39962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39964,39965,39989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39966,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39968,3971],{"class":58},[52,39970,63],{"class":62},[52,39972,755],{"class":66},[52,39974,3339],{"class":103},[52,39976,91],{"class":66},[52,39978,1378],{"class":103},[52,39980,91],{"class":66},[52,39982,2801],{"class":103},[52,39984,91],{"class":66},[52,39986,2807],{"class":103},[52,39988,766],{"class":66},[52,39990,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40015,40017,40019,40021],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,39992,142],{"class":141},[52,39994,145],{"class":66},[52,39996,8448],{"class":3251},[52,39998,145],{"class":66},[52,40000,40001],{"class":141},"map",[52,40003,145],{"class":66},[52,40005,37800],{"class":2413},[52,40007,37804],{"class":37803},[52,40009,80],{"class":66},[52,40011,4235],{"class":124},[52,40013,40014],{"class":62},"*",[52,40016,1378],{"class":103},[52,40018,91],{"class":66},[52,40020,4617],{"class":124},[52,40022,3262],{"class":66},[20,40024,173],{},[43,40026,40028],{"className":45,"code":40027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40029,40030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40031,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40033,513],{"class":66},[52,40035,2404],{"class":103},[52,40037,91],{"class":66},[52,40039,2807],{"class":103},[52,40041,91],{"class":66},[52,40043,37784],{"class":103},[52,40045,91],{"class":66},[52,40047,6714],{"class":103},[52,40049,766],{"class":66},[20,40051,40052,40053,121],{},"For the related function, see ",[257,40054,3928,40056,3861],{"href":40055},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40057,39858],{},[38,40059,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,40061,2195,40063,40065],{"id":40062},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40064,37716],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40067,40068,40069,40071],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40070,24912],{}," if needed.",[1335,40073,40075,40076,40078],{"id":40074},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40077,37716],{}," need to return?",[20,40080,38023,40081,40083,40084,40086],{},[15,40082,1048],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40085,1039],{}," to remove it.",[1335,40088,28461,40090,40092],{"id":40089},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40091,37716],{}," without lambda?",[20,40094,40095],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1335,40097,5495,40099,40102],{"id":40098},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40100,40101],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40104,40105,40106,40108,40109,17199,40111,121],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40107,2467],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40110,4133],{},[15,40112,1039],{},[1335,40114,21550,40116,40118],{"id":40115},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40117,37716],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40120,40121,40122,40124],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40123,6312],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40126,40127],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[234,40129,40130,40136,40142],{},[237,40131,40132,40133,40135],{},"use ",[15,40134,37716],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[237,40137,40138,40139,40141],{},"use a ",[15,40140,6312],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[237,40143,40144],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40146,40147,40148,121],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[257,40149,5485],{"href":40150},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[38,40152,2240],{"id":2239},[234,40154,40155,40160,40164,40169,40175],{},[237,40156,40157],{},[257,40158,40159],{"href":38595},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[237,40161,40162],{},[257,40163,5574],{"href":40150},[237,40165,40166],{},[257,40167,40168],{"href":39324},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[237,40170,40171],{},[257,40172,3928,40173,3861],{"href":40055},[15,40174,39858],{},[237,40176,40177],{},[257,40178,5569],{"href":5940},[2278,40180,40181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":40183},[40184,40185,40187,40191,40194,40196,40198,40200,40202,40212,40224],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":37850,"depth":110,"text":40186},"What filter() does",{"id":37984,"depth":110,"text":37985,"children":40188},[40189,40190],{"id":38001,"depth":131,"text":38001},{"id":4075,"depth":131,"text":4075},{"id":38160,"depth":110,"text":38161,"children":40192},[40193],{"id":38331,"depth":131,"text":38332},{"id":38444,"depth":110,"text":40195},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38599,"depth":110,"text":40197},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38761,"depth":110,"text":40199},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38941,"depth":110,"text":40201},"When to use filter()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":40203},[40204,40206,40208,40209,40210],{"id":39334,"depth":131,"text":40205},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39467,"depth":131,"text":40207},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39592,"depth":131,"text":39593},{"id":39777,"depth":131,"text":39778},{"id":39853,"depth":131,"text":40211},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":40213},[40214,40216,40218,40220,40222],{"id":40062,"depth":131,"text":40215},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40074,"depth":131,"text":40217},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40089,"depth":131,"text":40219},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40098,"depth":131,"text":40221},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40115,"depth":131,"text":40223},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37708,"description":40225},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40232,"title":40233,"body":40234,"description":42387,"extension":2310,"meta":42388,"navigation":134,"path":42389,"seo":42390,"stem":42391,"__hash__":42392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40235,"toc":42341},[40236,40239,40244,40250,40252,40304,40306,40325,40330,40334,40339,40342,40357,40360,40382,40384,40433,40435,40459,40461,40463,40478,40483,40491,40506,40508,40517,40520,40555,40559,40564,40568,40575,40610,40612,40628,40632,40635,40676,40678,40692,40696,40699,40723,40725,40734,40738,40741,40774,40776,40789,40793,40799,40818,40820,40828,40832,40837,40841,40847,40870,40872,40901,40904,40923,40927,40930,40957,40959,40993,40997,41000,41024,41028,41039,41041,41046,41052,41054,41138,41140,41182,41185,41189,41196,41205,41261,41268,41277,41282,41286,41357,41359,41368,41372,41375,41419,41421,41430,41434,41440,41490,41494,41499,41503,41527,41529,41538,41542,41566,41568,41579,41583,41607,41609,41618,41621,41638,41644,41648,41654,41657,41662,41665,41686,41688,41720,41723,41728,41730,41741,41743,41787,41791,41798,41850,41852,41861,41865,41868,41961,41964,41988,41992,41995,42087,42092,42096,42103,42108,42132,42134,42143,42148,42171,42173,42181,42188,42211,42219,42221,42234,42244,42246,42250,42257,42261,42270,42274,42281,42285,42289,42293,42306,42308,42338],[10,40237,40233],{"id":40238},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40240,9478,40241,40243],{},[15,40242,3233],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40245,40246,40247,40249],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40248,3233],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[38,40251,41],{"id":40},[43,40253,40255],{"className":45,"code":40254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40256,40257,40271,40290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40258,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40260,142],{"class":141},[52,40262,145],{"class":66},[52,40264,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40266,145],{"class":66},[52,40268,2484],{"class":103},[52,40270,2120],{"class":66},[52,40272,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40286,40288],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40274,142],{"class":141},[52,40276,145],{"class":66},[52,40278,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40280,145],{"class":66},[52,40282,71],{"class":70},[52,40284,40285],{"class":74},"3.14",[52,40287,71],{"class":70},[52,40289,2120],{"class":66},[52,40291,40292,40294,40296,40298,40300,40302],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40293,142],{"class":141},[52,40295,145],{"class":66},[52,40297,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40299,145],{"class":66},[52,40301,1048],{"class":218},[52,40303,2120],{"class":66},[20,40305,173],{},[43,40307,40309],{"className":45,"code":40308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40310,40311,40315,40320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40312,40313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40314,2830],{"class":103},[52,40316,40317],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40318,40319],{"class":103},"3.14\n",[52,40321,40322],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40323,40324],{"class":103},"1.0\n",[20,40326,222,40327,40329],{},[15,40328,3233],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[38,40331,40333],{"id":40332},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40335,40336,40338],{},[15,40337,3233],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40340,40341],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[234,40343,40344,40348,40352],{},[237,40345,40346],{},[15,40347,2842],{},[237,40349,40350],{},[15,40351,40285],{},[237,40353,40354],{},[15,40355,40356],{},"0.5",[20,40358,40359],{},"A few key points:",[234,40361,40362,40369,40372,40375],{},[237,40363,40364,40366,40367],{},[15,40365,3233],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40368,2539],{},[237,40370,40371],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[237,40373,40374],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[237,40376,40377,40378],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[257,40379,40380],{"href":8573},[15,40381,3308],{},[20,40383,309],{},[43,40385,40387],{"className":45,"code":40386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40388,40389,40409,40419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40390,40391,40393,40395,40398,40400,40402,40405,40407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40392,2564],{"class":58},[52,40394,63],{"class":62},[52,40396,40397],{"class":3251}," float",[52,40399,145],{"class":66},[52,40401,71],{"class":70},[52,40403,40404],{"class":74},"2.75",[52,40406,71],{"class":70},[52,40408,151],{"class":66},[52,40410,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40412,142],{"class":141},[52,40414,145],{"class":66},[52,40416,2587],{"class":124},[52,40418,151],{"class":66},[52,40420,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40422,142],{"class":141},[52,40424,145],{"class":66},[52,40426,3573],{"class":3251},[52,40428,145],{"class":66},[52,40430,2587],{"class":124},[52,40432,2120],{"class":66},[20,40434,173],{},[43,40436,40438],{"className":45,"code":40437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40439,40440,40445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40441,40442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40443,40444],{"class":103},"2.75\n",[52,40446,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455,40457],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40448,3642],{"class":62},[52,40450,3645],{"class":2413},[52,40452,195],{"class":70},[52,40454,2539],{"class":74},[52,40456,186],{"class":70},[52,40458,3654],{"class":62},[38,40460,269],{"id":268},[20,40462,7571],{},[43,40464,40466],{"className":45,"code":40465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"float(value)\n",[15,40467,40468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40469,40470,40472,40474,40476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40471,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40473,145],{"class":66},[52,40475,2823],{"class":124},[52,40477,151],{"class":66},[20,40479,40480,40481,121],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40482,3233],{},[20,40484,40485,40486,40488,40489,80],{},"If you call ",[15,40487,3233],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40490,4123],{},[43,40492,40494],{"className":45,"code":40493,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float())\n",[15,40495,40496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40497,40498,40500,40502,40504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40499,142],{"class":141},[52,40501,145],{"class":66},[52,40503,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40505,7547],{"class":66},[20,40507,173],{},[43,40509,40511],{"className":45,"code":40510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0.0\n",[15,40512,40513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40514,40515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40516,40510],{"class":103},[20,40518,40519],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[43,40521,40523],{"className":45,"code":40522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40524,40525,40545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40526,40527,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538,40541,40543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40528,40529],{"class":58},"price ",[52,40531,63],{"class":62},[52,40533,40397],{"class":3251},[52,40535,145],{"class":66},[52,40537,71],{"class":70},[52,40539,40540],{"class":74},"19.99",[52,40542,71],{"class":70},[52,40544,151],{"class":66},[52,40546,40547,40549,40551,40553],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40548,142],{"class":141},[52,40550,145],{"class":66},[52,40552,25281],{"class":124},[52,40554,151],{"class":66},[38,40556,40558],{"id":40557},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40560,40561,40563],{},[15,40562,3233],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1335,40565,40567],{"id":40566},"integers","Integers",[20,40569,40570,40571,40574],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40572,40573],{},".0"," added:",[43,40576,40578],{"className":45,"code":40577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40579,40580,40594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40581,40582,40584,40586,40588,40590,40592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40583,142],{"class":141},[52,40585,145],{"class":66},[52,40587,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40589,145],{"class":66},[52,40591,2484],{"class":103},[52,40593,2120],{"class":66},[52,40595,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40597,142],{"class":141},[52,40599,145],{"class":66},[52,40601,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40603,145],{"class":66},[52,40605,2369],{"class":62},[52,40607,2404],{"class":103},[52,40609,2120],{"class":66},[20,40611,173],{},[43,40613,40615],{"className":45,"code":40614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40616,40617,40621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40618,40619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40620,2830],{"class":103},[52,40622,40623,40625],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40624,2369],{"class":62},[52,40626,40627],{"class":103},"2.0\n",[1335,40629,40631],{"id":40630},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40633,40634],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[43,40636,40638],{"className":45,"code":40637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40639,40640,40658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40641,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40643,142],{"class":141},[52,40645,145],{"class":66},[52,40647,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40649,145],{"class":66},[52,40651,71],{"class":70},[52,40653,40285],{"class":74},[52,40655,71],{"class":70},[52,40657,2120],{"class":66},[52,40659,40660,40662,40664,40666,40668,40670,40672,40674],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40661,142],{"class":141},[52,40663,145],{"class":66},[52,40665,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40667,145],{"class":66},[52,40669,71],{"class":70},[52,40671,2679],{"class":74},[52,40673,71],{"class":70},[52,40675,2120],{"class":66},[20,40677,173],{},[43,40679,40681],{"className":45,"code":40680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40682,40683,40687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40684,40685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40686,40319],{"class":103},[52,40688,40689],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40690,40691],{"class":103},"10.0\n",[1335,40693,40695],{"id":40694},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40697,40698],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[43,40700,40702],{"className":45,"code":40701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40703,40704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40705,40706,40708,40710,40712,40714,40716,40719,40721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40707,142],{"class":141},[52,40709,145],{"class":66},[52,40711,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40713,145],{"class":66},[52,40715,71],{"class":70},[52,40717,40718],{"class":74},"  8.5  ",[52,40720,71],{"class":70},[52,40722,2120],{"class":66},[20,40724,173],{},[43,40726,40728],{"className":45,"code":40727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8.5\n",[15,40729,40730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40731,40732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40733,40727],{"class":103},[1335,40735,40737],{"id":40736},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40739,40740],{},"Boolean values also work:",[43,40742,40744],{"className":45,"code":40743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40745,40746,40760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40747,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40749,142],{"class":141},[52,40751,145],{"class":66},[52,40753,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40755,145],{"class":66},[52,40757,1048],{"class":218},[52,40759,2120],{"class":66},[52,40761,40762,40764,40766,40768,40770,40772],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40763,142],{"class":141},[52,40765,145],{"class":66},[52,40767,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40769,145],{"class":66},[52,40771,1039],{"class":218},[52,40773,2120],{"class":66},[20,40775,173],{},[43,40777,40779],{"className":45,"code":40778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40780,40781,40785],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40782,40783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40784,40324],{"class":103},[52,40786,40787],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,40788,40510],{"class":103},[1335,40790,40792],{"id":40791},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40794,40795,40796,40798],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40797,3233],{}," returns a float version of it:",[43,40800,40802],{"className":45,"code":40801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40803,40804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40805,40806,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40807,142],{"class":141},[52,40809,145],{"class":66},[52,40811,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40813,145],{"class":66},[52,40815,2711],{"class":103},[52,40817,2120],{"class":66},[20,40819,173],{},[43,40821,40822],{"className":45,"code":2735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,40823,40824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40825,40826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40827,2735],{"class":103},[38,40829,40831],{"id":40830},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40833,40834,40835,121],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40836,3233],{},[1335,40838,40840],{"id":40839},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40842,40843,40844,80],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40845,40846],{},"ValueError",[43,40848,40850],{"className":45,"code":40849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40851,40852],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40853,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864,40866,40868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40855,142],{"class":141},[52,40857,145],{"class":66},[52,40859,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40861,145],{"class":66},[52,40863,71],{"class":70},[52,40865,4201],{"class":74},[52,40867,71],{"class":70},[52,40869,2120],{"class":66},[20,40871,29814],{},[43,40873,40875],{"className":45,"code":40874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40876,40877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40878,40879,40881,40883,40886,40888,40891,40893,40895,40897,40899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40880,40846],{"class":3251},[52,40882,80],{"class":66},[52,40884,40885],{"class":58}," could ",[52,40887,1332],{"class":62},[52,40889,40890],{"class":58}," convert string to ",[52,40892,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40894,80],{"class":66},[52,40896,195],{"class":70},[52,40898,4201],{"class":74},[52,40900,29833],{"class":70},[20,40902,40903],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[43,40905,40907],{"className":45,"code":40906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40908,40909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40910,40911,40913,40915,40917,40919,40921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40912,142],{"class":141},[52,40914,145],{"class":66},[52,40916,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40918,145],{"class":66},[52,40920,6626],{"class":70},[52,40922,2120],{"class":66},[1335,40924,40926],{"id":40925},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40928,40929],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[43,40931,40933],{"className":45,"code":40932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40934,40935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40936,40937,40939,40941,40943,40945,40947,40949,40951,40953,40955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40938,142],{"class":141},[52,40940,145],{"class":66},[52,40942,2539],{"class":3251},[52,40944,3336],{"class":66},[52,40946,3339],{"class":103},[52,40948,91],{"class":66},[52,40950,1378],{"class":103},[52,40952,91],{"class":66},[52,40954,2801],{"class":103},[52,40956,2144],{"class":66},[20,40958,29814],{},[43,40960,40962],{"className":45,"code":40961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40963,40964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40965,40966,40968,40970,40972,40974,40977,40980,40983,40985,40987,40989,40991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40967,3355],{"class":3251},[52,40969,80],{"class":66},[52,40971,40397],{"class":3251},[52,40973,7719],{"class":66},[52,40975,40976],{"class":58}," argument must be a string ",[52,40978,40979],{"class":62},"or",[52,40981,40982],{"class":58}," a real number",[52,40984,91],{"class":66},[52,40986,8453],{"class":62},[52,40988,195],{"class":70},[52,40990,8448],{"class":74},[52,40992,29833],{"class":70},[1335,40994,40996],{"id":40995},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40998,40999],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[43,41001,41003],{"className":45,"code":41002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41004,41005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41006,41007,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017,41020,41022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41008,142],{"class":141},[52,41010,145],{"class":66},[52,41012,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41014,145],{"class":66},[52,41016,71],{"class":70},[52,41018,41019],{"class":74},"3,14",[52,41021,71],{"class":70},[52,41023,2120],{"class":66},[20,41025,3352,41026,121],{},[15,41027,40846],{},[20,41029,41030,41031,2218,41035,121],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[257,41032,41034],{"href":41033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[257,41036,41038],{"href":41037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[38,41040,17546],{"id":17545},[20,41042,41043,41045],{},[15,41044,3233],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41047,41048,41049,41051],{},"It does ",[33,41050,1332],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41053,309],{},[43,41055,41057],{"className":45,"code":41056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41058,41059,41072,41086,41090,41100,41110,41124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41060,41061,41063,41065,41067,41070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41062,34824],{"class":58},[52,41064,63],{"class":62},[52,41066,83],{"class":70},[52,41068,41069],{"class":74},"6.5",[52,41071,3710],{"class":70},[52,41073,41074,41076,41078,41080,41082,41084],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41075,2564],{"class":58},[52,41077,63],{"class":62},[52,41079,40397],{"class":3251},[52,41081,145],{"class":66},[52,41083,34845],{"class":124},[52,41085,151],{"class":66},[52,41087,41088],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41089,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41091,41092,41094,41096,41098],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41093,142],{"class":141},[52,41095,145],{"class":66},[52,41097,34845],{"class":124},[52,41099,151],{"class":66},[52,41101,41102,41104,41106,41108],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,41103,142],{"class":141},[52,41105,145],{"class":66},[52,41107,2587],{"class":124},[52,41109,151],{"class":66},[52,41111,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120,41122],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,41113,142],{"class":141},[52,41115,145],{"class":66},[52,41117,3573],{"class":3251},[52,41119,145],{"class":66},[52,41121,34845],{"class":124},[52,41123,2120],{"class":66},[52,41125,41126,41128,41130,41132,41134,41136],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,41127,142],{"class":141},[52,41129,145],{"class":66},[52,41131,3573],{"class":3251},[52,41133,145],{"class":66},[52,41135,2587],{"class":124},[52,41137,2120],{"class":66},[20,41139,173],{},[43,41141,41143],{"className":45,"code":41142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41144,41145,41150,41154,41168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41146,41147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41148,41149],{"class":103},"6.5\n",[52,41151,41152],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41153,41149],{"class":103},[52,41155,41156,41158,41160,41162,41164,41166],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41157,3642],{"class":62},[52,41159,3645],{"class":2413},[52,41161,195],{"class":70},[52,41163,3795],{"class":74},[52,41165,186],{"class":70},[52,41167,3654],{"class":62},[52,41169,41170,41172,41174,41176,41178,41180],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41171,3642],{"class":62},[52,41173,3645],{"class":2413},[52,41175,195],{"class":70},[52,41177,2539],{"class":74},[52,41179,186],{"class":70},[52,41181,3654],{"class":62},[20,41183,41184],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[38,41186,41188],{"id":41187},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1335,41190,41192,41193,41195],{"id":41191},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41194,3308],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41197,2327,41198,41202,41203,121],{},[257,41199,41200,2651],{"href":8573},[15,41201,3308],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41204,3233],{},[43,41206,41208],{"className":45,"code":41207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41209,41210,41229,41243,41247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41211,41212,41214,41216,41218,41220,41222,41225,41227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41213,8591],{"class":58},[52,41215,63],{"class":62},[52,41217,8596],{"class":141},[52,41219,145],{"class":66},[52,41221,71],{"class":70},[52,41223,41224],{"class":74},"Enter a price: ",[52,41226,71],{"class":70},[52,41228,151],{"class":66},[52,41230,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239,41241],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41232,40529],{"class":58},[52,41234,63],{"class":62},[52,41236,40397],{"class":3251},[52,41238,145],{"class":66},[52,41240,8620],{"class":124},[52,41242,151],{"class":66},[52,41244,41245],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41246,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41259],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41250,142],{"class":141},[52,41252,145],{"class":66},[52,41254,40529],{"class":124},[52,41256,40014],{"class":62},[52,41258,1378],{"class":103},[52,41260,151],{"class":66},[20,41262,41263,41264,41267],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41265,41266],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[43,41269,41271],{"className":45,"code":41270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"9.0\n",[15,41272,41273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41274,41275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41276,41270],{"class":103},[20,41278,41279,41280,121],{},"For more help with this, see ",[257,41281,9336],{"href":9335},[1335,41283,41285],{"id":41284},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[43,41287,41289],{"className":45,"code":41288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41290,41291,41304,41317,41321,41346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41292,41293,41295,41297,41299,41302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41294,2905],{"class":58},[52,41296,63],{"class":62},[52,41298,83],{"class":70},[52,41300,41301],{"class":74},"2.5",[52,41303,3710],{"class":70},[52,41305,41306,41308,41310,41312,41315],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41307,2933],{"class":58},[52,41309,63],{"class":62},[52,41311,83],{"class":70},[52,41313,41314],{"class":74},"1.5",[52,41316,3710],{"class":70},[52,41318,41319],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41320,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41322,41323,41326,41328,41330,41332,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342,41344],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41324,41325],{"class":58},"total ",[52,41327,63],{"class":62},[52,41329,40397],{"class":3251},[52,41331,145],{"class":66},[52,41333,257],{"class":124},[52,41335,4014],{"class":66},[52,41337,2804],{"class":62},[52,41339,40397],{"class":3251},[52,41341,145],{"class":66},[52,41343,345],{"class":124},[52,41345,151],{"class":66},[52,41347,41348,41350,41352,41355],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,41349,142],{"class":141},[52,41351,145],{"class":66},[52,41353,41354],{"class":124},"total",[52,41356,151],{"class":66},[20,41358,173],{},[43,41360,41362],{"className":45,"code":41361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.0\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41365,41366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41367,41361],{"class":103},[1335,41369,41371],{"id":41370},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41373,41374],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[43,41376,41378],{"className":45,"code":41377,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41379,41380,41390,41405,41409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41381,41382,41385,41387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41383,41384],{"class":58},"count ",[52,41386,63],{"class":62},[52,41388,41389],{"class":103}," 7\n",[52,41391,41392,41394,41396,41398,41400,41403],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41393,2577],{"class":58},[52,41395,63],{"class":62},[52,41397,40397],{"class":3251},[52,41399,145],{"class":66},[52,41401,41402],{"class":124},"count",[52,41404,151],{"class":66},[52,41406,41407],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41410,41411,41413,41415,41417],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41412,142],{"class":141},[52,41414,145],{"class":66},[52,41416,2612],{"class":124},[52,41418,151],{"class":66},[20,41420,173],{},[43,41422,41424],{"className":45,"code":41423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.0\n",[15,41425,41426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41427,41428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41429,41423],{"class":103},[1335,41431,41433],{"id":41432},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41435,41436,41437,41439],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41438,3233],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[43,41441,41443],{"className":45,"code":41442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41444,41445,41459,41475,41479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41446,41447,41450,41452,41454,41457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41448,41449],{"class":58},"temperature_text ",[52,41451,63],{"class":62},[52,41453,83],{"class":70},[52,41455,41456],{"class":74},"21.8",[52,41458,3710],{"class":70},[52,41460,41461,41464,41466,41468,41470,41473],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41462,41463],{"class":58},"temperature ",[52,41465,63],{"class":62},[52,41467,40397],{"class":3251},[52,41469,145],{"class":66},[52,41471,41472],{"class":124},"temperature_text",[52,41474,151],{"class":66},[52,41476,41477],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41478,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41480,41481,41483,41485,41488],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41482,142],{"class":141},[52,41484,145],{"class":66},[52,41486,41487],{"class":124},"temperature",[52,41489,151],{"class":66},[38,41491,41493],{"id":41492},"special-values","Special values",[20,41495,41496,41498],{},[15,41497,3233],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1335,41500,41502],{"id":41501},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[43,41504,41506],{"className":45,"code":41505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41507,41508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41509,41510,41512,41514,41516,41518,41520,41523,41525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41511,142],{"class":141},[52,41513,145],{"class":66},[52,41515,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41517,145],{"class":66},[52,41519,71],{"class":70},[52,41521,41522],{"class":74},"inf",[52,41524,71],{"class":70},[52,41526,2120],{"class":66},[20,41528,173],{},[43,41530,41532],{"className":45,"code":41531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"inf\n",[15,41533,41534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41535,41536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41537,41531],{"class":58},[1335,41539,41541],{"id":41540},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[43,41543,41545],{"className":45,"code":41544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41546,41547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41548,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41559,41562,41564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41550,142],{"class":141},[52,41552,145],{"class":66},[52,41554,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41556,145],{"class":66},[52,41558,71],{"class":70},[52,41560,41561],{"class":74},"-inf",[52,41563,71],{"class":70},[52,41565,2120],{"class":66},[20,41567,173],{},[43,41569,41571],{"className":45,"code":41570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-inf\n",[15,41572,41573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41574,41575,41577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41576,2369],{"class":62},[52,41578,41531],{"class":58},[1335,41580,41582],{"id":41581},"not-a-number","Not a number",[43,41584,41586],{"className":45,"code":41585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41587,41588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41589,41590,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600,41603,41605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41591,142],{"class":141},[52,41593,145],{"class":66},[52,41595,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41597,145],{"class":66},[52,41599,71],{"class":70},[52,41601,41602],{"class":74},"nan",[52,41604,71],{"class":70},[52,41606,2120],{"class":66},[20,41608,173],{},[43,41610,41612],{"className":45,"code":41611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nan\n",[15,41613,41614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41615,41616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41617,41611],{"class":58},[20,41619,41620],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[234,41622,41623,41628,41633],{},[237,41624,41625,41627],{},[15,41626,41522],{}," means positive infinity",[237,41629,41630,41632],{},[15,41631,41561],{}," means negative infinity",[237,41634,41635,41637],{},[15,41636,41602],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41639,41640,41641,41643],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41642,3233],{}," accepts them.",[38,41645,41647],{"id":41646},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41649,41650,41651,41653],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41652,3233],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1335,41655,40846],{"id":41656},"valueerror",[20,41658,15314,41659,41661],{},[15,41660,40846],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41663,41664],{},"Common causes:",[234,41666,41667,41673,41676,41679],{},[237,41668,41669,41670],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41671,41672],{},"\"abc\"",[237,41674,41675],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[237,41677,41678],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[237,41680,5058,41681],{},[257,41682,41683,41685],{"href":8573},[15,41684,3308],{}," returns a string",[20,41687,309],{},[43,41689,41691],{"className":45,"code":41690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41692,41693,41706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41694,41695,41697,41699,41701,41704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41696,2796],{"class":58},[52,41698,63],{"class":62},[52,41700,83],{"class":70},[52,41702,41703],{"class":74},"abc",[52,41705,3710],{"class":70},[52,41707,41708,41710,41712,41714,41716,41718],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41709,142],{"class":141},[52,41711,145],{"class":66},[52,41713,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41715,145],{"class":66},[52,41717,2823],{"class":124},[52,41719,2120],{"class":66},[1335,41721,3355],{"id":41722},"typeerror",[20,41724,15314,41725,41727],{},[15,41726,3355],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41729,41664],{},[234,41731,41732,41735,41738],{},[237,41733,41734],{},"Passing a list",[237,41736,41737],{},"Passing a dictionary",[237,41739,41740],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41742,309],{},[43,41744,41746],{"className":45,"code":41745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41747,41748,41773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41749,41750,41752,41754,41756,41758,41760,41762,41764,41766,41769,41771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41751,2796],{"class":58},[52,41753,63],{"class":62},[52,41755,67],{"class":66},[52,41757,71],{"class":70},[52,41759,25281],{"class":74},[52,41761,71],{"class":70},[52,41763,80],{"class":66},[52,41765,83],{"class":70},[52,41767,41768],{"class":74},"9.99",[52,41770,71],{"class":70},[52,41772,107],{"class":66},[52,41774,41775,41777,41779,41781,41783,41785],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41776,142],{"class":141},[52,41778,145],{"class":66},[52,41780,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41782,145],{"class":66},[52,41784,2823],{"class":124},[52,41786,2120],{"class":66},[1335,41788,41790],{"id":41789},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41792,41793,41794,41797],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41795,41796],{},"strip()"," can help:",[43,41799,41801],{"className":45,"code":41800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41802,41803,41816,41831,41835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41804,41805,41807,41809,41811,41814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41806,2796],{"class":58},[52,41808,63],{"class":62},[52,41810,83],{"class":70},[52,41812,41813],{"class":74},"  7.25  ",[52,41815,3710],{"class":70},[52,41817,41818,41821,41823,41825,41827,41829],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41819,41820],{"class":58},"clean_value ",[52,41822,63],{"class":62},[52,41824,8787],{"class":58},[52,41826,121],{"class":66},[52,41828,8989],{"class":124},[52,41830,128],{"class":66},[52,41832,41833],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41834,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41845,41848],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41838,142],{"class":141},[52,41840,145],{"class":66},[52,41842,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41844,145],{"class":66},[52,41846,41847],{"class":124},"clean_value",[52,41849,2120],{"class":66},[20,41851,173],{},[43,41853,41855],{"className":45,"code":41854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.25\n",[15,41856,41857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41858,41859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41860,41854],{"class":103},[1335,41862,41864],{"id":41863},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41866,41867],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[43,41869,41871],{"className":45,"code":41870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41872,41873,41886,41890,41900,41914,41929,41933,41947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41874,41875,41877,41879,41881,41884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41876,2796],{"class":58},[52,41878,63],{"class":62},[52,41880,83],{"class":70},[52,41882,41883],{"class":74}," 3.5 ",[52,41885,3710],{"class":70},[52,41887,41888],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,41889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41891,41892,41894,41896,41898],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41893,142],{"class":141},[52,41895,145],{"class":66},[52,41897,2823],{"class":124},[52,41899,151],{"class":66},[52,41901,41902,41904,41906,41908,41910,41912],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41903,142],{"class":141},[52,41905,145],{"class":66},[52,41907,3573],{"class":3251},[52,41909,145],{"class":66},[52,41911,2823],{"class":124},[52,41913,2120],{"class":66},[52,41915,41916,41918,41920,41923,41925,41927],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,41917,142],{"class":141},[52,41919,145],{"class":66},[52,41921,41922],{"class":141},"repr",[52,41924,145],{"class":66},[52,41926,2823],{"class":124},[52,41928,2120],{"class":66},[52,41930,41931],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,41932,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,41934,41935,41937,41939,41941,41943,41945],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,41936,41820],{"class":58},[52,41938,63],{"class":62},[52,41940,8787],{"class":58},[52,41942,121],{"class":66},[52,41944,8989],{"class":124},[52,41946,128],{"class":66},[52,41948,41949,41951,41953,41955,41957,41959],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,41950,142],{"class":141},[52,41952,145],{"class":66},[52,41954,2539],{"class":3251},[52,41956,145],{"class":66},[52,41958,41847],{"class":124},[52,41960,2120],{"class":66},[20,41962,41963],{},"Why this helps:",[234,41965,41966,41972,41977,41983],{},[237,41967,41968,41971],{},[15,41969,41970],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[237,41973,41974,21497],{},[15,41975,41976],{},"print(type(value))",[237,41978,41979,41982],{},[15,41980,41981],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[237,41984,41985,41987],{},[15,41986,41796],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1335,41989,41991],{"id":41990},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41993,41994],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[43,41996,41998],{"className":45,"code":41997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41999,42000,42019,42023,42029,42044,42063,42072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42001,42002,42004,42006,42008,42010,42012,42015,42017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42003,2796],{"class":58},[52,42005,63],{"class":62},[52,42007,8596],{"class":141},[52,42009,145],{"class":66},[52,42011,71],{"class":70},[52,42013,42014],{"class":74},"Enter a number: ",[52,42016,71],{"class":70},[52,42018,151],{"class":66},[52,42020,42021],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42022,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,42024,42025,42027],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42026,29937],{"class":163},[52,42028,6748],{"class":66},[52,42030,42031,42034,42036,42038,42040,42042],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,42032,42033],{"class":58},"    number ",[52,42035,63],{"class":62},[52,42037,40397],{"class":3251},[52,42039,145],{"class":66},[52,42041,2823],{"class":124},[52,42043,151],{"class":66},[52,42045,42046,42048,42050,42052,42055,42057,42059,42061],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,42047,8423],{"class":141},[52,42049,145],{"class":66},[52,42051,71],{"class":70},[52,42053,42054],{"class":74},"Converted:",[52,42056,71],{"class":70},[52,42058,91],{"class":66},[52,42060,2544],{"class":124},[52,42062,151],{"class":66},[52,42064,42065,42067,42070],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,42066,29968],{"class":163},[52,42068,42069],{"class":3251}," ValueError",[52,42071,6748],{"class":66},[52,42073,42074,42076,42078,42080,42083,42085],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,42075,8423],{"class":141},[52,42077,145],{"class":66},[52,42079,71],{"class":70},[52,42081,42082],{"class":74},"That is not a valid number.",[52,42084,71],{"class":70},[52,42086,151],{"class":66},[20,42088,42089,42090,121],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[257,42091,41038],{"href":41037},[38,42093,42095],{"id":42094},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42097,10936,42098,2218,42100,42102],{},[15,42099,3233],{},[15,42101,3227],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42104,42105,42107],{},[15,42106,3233],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[43,42109,42111],{"className":45,"code":42110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42112,42113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42114,42115,42117,42119,42121,42123,42125,42128,42130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42116,142],{"class":141},[52,42118,145],{"class":66},[52,42120,2539],{"class":3251},[52,42122,145],{"class":66},[52,42124,71],{"class":70},[52,42126,42127],{"class":74},"3.9",[52,42129,71],{"class":70},[52,42131,2120],{"class":66},[20,42133,173],{},[43,42135,42137],{"className":45,"code":42136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.9\n",[15,42138,42139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42140,42141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42142,42136],{"class":103},[20,42144,42145,42147],{},[15,42146,3227],{}," creates whole numbers:",[43,42149,42151],{"className":45,"code":42150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42152,42153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42154,42155,42157,42159,42161,42163,42165,42167,42169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42156,142],{"class":141},[52,42158,145],{"class":66},[52,42160,2535],{"class":3251},[52,42162,145],{"class":66},[52,42164,71],{"class":70},[52,42166,2679],{"class":74},[52,42168,71],{"class":70},[52,42170,2120],{"class":66},[20,42172,173],{},[43,42174,42175],{"className":45,"code":2725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42176,42177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42178,42179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42180,2725],{"class":103},[20,42182,42183,42184,42187],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42185,42186],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[43,42189,42191],{"className":45,"code":42190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42192,42193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42194,42195,42197,42199,42201,42203,42205,42207,42209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42196,142],{"class":141},[52,42198,145],{"class":66},[52,42200,2535],{"class":3251},[52,42202,145],{"class":66},[52,42204,71],{"class":70},[52,42206,42127],{"class":74},[52,42208,71],{"class":70},[52,42210,2120],{"class":66},[20,42212,3352,42213,8956,42215,42218],{},[15,42214,40846],{},[15,42216,42217],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42220,11058],{},[234,42222,42223,42229],{},[237,42224,42225,42228],{},[15,42226,42227],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[237,42230,42231,42233],{},[15,42232,42186],{}," fails",[20,42235,42236,42237,42240,42241,42243],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[257,42238,42239],{"href":3224},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[257,42242,2769],{"href":2768}," helpful.",[38,42245,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,42247,42249],{"id":42248},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42251,42252,42253,261,42255,121],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42254,2842],{},[15,42256,40285],{},[1335,42258,42260],{"id":42259},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42262,42263,42264,261,42267,121],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42265,42266],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42268,42269],{},"\"10\"",[1335,42271,42273],{"id":42272},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42275,29194,42276,42278,42279,121],{},[15,42277,41672],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42280,40846],{},[1335,42282,42284],{"id":42283},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42286,5501,42287,121],{},[15,42288,4123],{},[1335,42290,42292],{"id":42291},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42294,42295,42296,42298,42299,2218,42302,42298,42304,121],{},"Yes. ",[15,42297,1048],{}," becomes ",[15,42300,42301],{},"1.0",[15,42303,1039],{},[15,42305,4123],{},[38,42307,2240],{"id":2239},[234,42309,42310,42314,42320,42325,42329,42333],{},[237,42311,42312],{},[257,42313,42239],{"href":3224},[237,42315,42316],{},[257,42317,42319],{"href":42318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[237,42321,42322],{},[257,42323,42324],{"href":41033},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[237,42326,42327],{},[257,42328,9413],{"href":9335},[237,42330,42331],{},[257,42332,41038],{"href":41037},[237,42334,42335],{},[257,42336,42337],{"href":8573},"Python input() Function Explained",[2278,42339,42340],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":42342},[42343,42344,42345,42346,42353,42358,42359,42366,42371,42378,42379,42386],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":40332,"depth":110,"text":40333},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":40557,"depth":110,"text":40558,"children":42347},[42348,42349,42350,42351,42352],{"id":40566,"depth":131,"text":40567},{"id":40630,"depth":131,"text":40631},{"id":40694,"depth":131,"text":40695},{"id":40736,"depth":131,"text":40737},{"id":40791,"depth":131,"text":40792},{"id":40830,"depth":110,"text":40831,"children":42354},[42355,42356,42357],{"id":40839,"depth":131,"text":40840},{"id":40925,"depth":131,"text":40926},{"id":40995,"depth":131,"text":40996},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":41187,"depth":110,"text":41188,"children":42360},[42361,42363,42364,42365],{"id":41191,"depth":131,"text":42362},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41284,"depth":131,"text":41285},{"id":41370,"depth":131,"text":41371},{"id":41432,"depth":131,"text":41433},{"id":41492,"depth":110,"text":41493,"children":42367},[42368,42369,42370],{"id":41501,"depth":131,"text":41502},{"id":41540,"depth":131,"text":41541},{"id":41581,"depth":131,"text":41582},{"id":41646,"depth":110,"text":41647,"children":42372},[42373,42374,42375,42376,42377],{"id":41656,"depth":131,"text":40846},{"id":41722,"depth":131,"text":3355},{"id":41789,"depth":131,"text":41790},{"id":41863,"depth":131,"text":41864},{"id":41990,"depth":131,"text":41991},{"id":42094,"depth":110,"text":42095},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":42380},[42381,42382,42383,42384,42385],{"id":42248,"depth":131,"text":42249},{"id":42259,"depth":131,"text":42260},{"id":42272,"depth":131,"text":42273},{"id":42283,"depth":131,"text":42284},{"id":42291,"depth":131,"text":42292},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40233,"description":42387},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42394,"title":42395,"body":42396,"description":43617,"extension":2310,"meta":43618,"navigation":134,"path":35161,"seo":43619,"stem":43620,"__hash__":43621},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42397,"toc":43583},[42398,42401,42406,42409,42411,42450,42464,42468,42473,42476,42493,42496,42506,42521,42524,42526,42529,42545,42548,42551,42571,42575,42586,42589,42593,42597,42611,42646,42650,42661,42696,42699,42701,42709,42742,42758,42760,42770,42791,42802,42804,42809,42812,42826,42828,42847,42850,42863,42866,42870,42874,42888,42891,42909,42912,42927,42931,42936,42950,42956,42958,43015,43017,43050,43053,43069,43073,43080,43084,43089,43092,43103,43107,43112,43127,43136,43141,43160,43163,43175,43177,43182,43192,43195,43224,43229,43238,43242,43247,43250,43254,43259,43261,43291,43294,43301,43306,43311,43315,43318,43326,43329,43407,43410,43432,43434,43438,43441,43445,43451,43514,43518,43526,43530,43533,43535,43560,43580],[10,42399,42395],{"id":42400},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42402,3935,42403,42405],{},[15,42404,35164],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42407,42408],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[38,42410,41],{"id":40},[43,42412,42414],{"className":45,"code":42413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42415,42416,42426,42436],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42417,42418,42420,42422,42424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42419,32287],{"class":141},[52,42421,145],{"class":66},[52,42423,11505],{"class":141},[52,42425,151],{"class":66},[52,42427,42428,42430,42432,42434],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42429,32287],{"class":141},[52,42431,145],{"class":66},[52,42433,3795],{"class":3251},[52,42435,151],{"class":66},[52,42437,42438,42440,42442,42444,42446,42448],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42439,32287],{"class":141},[52,42441,145],{"class":66},[52,42443,186],{"class":70},[52,42445,34795],{"class":74},[52,42447,186],{"class":70},[52,42449,151],{"class":66},[20,42451,222,42452,42454,42455,261,42457,42459,42460,42463],{},[15,42453,35164],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42456,11505],{},[15,42458,3795],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42461,42462],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[38,42465,42467],{"id":42466},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42469,42470,42472],{},[15,42471,35164],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42474,42475],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[234,42477,42478,42481,42484,42487,42490],{},[237,42479,42480],{},"Functions",[237,42482,42483],{},"Classes",[237,42485,42486],{},"Methods",[237,42488,42489],{},"Modules",[237,42491,42492],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42494,42495],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42497,42498,42499,42505],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[257,42500,42502],{"href":42501},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42503,42504],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[43,42507,42509],{"className":45,"code":42508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\n",[15,42510,42511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42512,42513,42515,42517,42519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42514,32287],{"class":141},[52,42516,145],{"class":66},[52,42518,11505],{"class":141},[52,42520,151],{"class":66},[20,42522,42523],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[38,42525,269],{"id":268},[20,42527,42528],{},"The main form is:",[43,42530,42532],{"className":45,"code":42531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(object)\n",[15,42533,42534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42535,42536,42538,42540,42543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42537,32287],{"class":141},[52,42539,145],{"class":66},[52,42541,42542],{"class":3251},"object",[52,42544,151],{"class":66},[20,42546,42547],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42549,42550],{},"Common examples include:",[234,42552,42553,42557,42562,42566],{},[237,42554,42555],{},[15,42556,11505],{},[237,42558,42559],{},[15,42560,42561],{},"list.append",[237,42563,42564],{},[15,42565,3795],{},[237,42567,42568],{},[15,42569,42570],{},"open",[20,42572,7528,42573,7531],{},[15,42574,35164],{},[43,42576,42578],{"className":45,"code":42577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help()\n",[15,42579,42580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42581,42582,42584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42583,32287],{"class":141},[52,42585,128],{"class":66},[20,42587,42588],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[38,42590,42592],{"id":42591},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1335,42594,42596],{"id":42595},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42598,42599,42600,2536,42602,2536,42604,17199,42607,121],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42601,11505],{},[15,42603,142],{},[15,42605,42606],{},"input",[257,42608,42609],{"href":2647},[15,42610,2650],{},[43,42612,42614],{"className":45,"code":42613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42615,42616,42626,42636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42617,42618,42620,42622,42624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42619,32287],{"class":141},[52,42621,145],{"class":66},[52,42623,142],{"class":141},[52,42625,151],{"class":66},[52,42627,42628,42630,42632,42634],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42629,32287],{"class":141},[52,42631,145],{"class":66},[52,42633,42606],{"class":141},[52,42635,151],{"class":66},[52,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42639,32287],{"class":141},[52,42641,145],{"class":66},[52,42643,3573],{"class":3251},[52,42645,151],{"class":66},[1335,42647,42649],{"id":42648},"data-types","Data types",[20,42651,42652,42653,2536,42655,2536,42657,17199,42659,121],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42654,3795],{},[15,42656,8448],{},[15,42658,9176],{},[15,42660,6641],{},[43,42662,42664],{"className":45,"code":42663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42665,42666,42676,42686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42667,42668,42670,42672,42674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42669,32287],{"class":141},[52,42671,145],{"class":66},[52,42673,3795],{"class":3251},[52,42675,151],{"class":66},[52,42677,42678,42680,42682,42684],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42679,32287],{"class":141},[52,42681,145],{"class":66},[52,42683,8448],{"class":3251},[52,42685,151],{"class":66},[52,42687,42688,42690,42692,42694],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42689,32287],{"class":141},[52,42691,145],{"class":66},[52,42693,9176],{"class":3251},[52,42695,151],{"class":66},[20,42697,42698],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1335,42700,42486],{"id":34642},[20,42702,42703,42704,2218,42707,121],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42705,42706],{},"str.split",[15,42708,42561],{},[43,42710,42712],{"className":45,"code":42711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42713,42714,42728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42715,42716,42718,42720,42722,42724,42726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42717,32287],{"class":141},[52,42719,145],{"class":66},[52,42721,3795],{"class":3251},[52,42723,121],{"class":66},[52,42725,34605],{"class":24881},[52,42727,151],{"class":66},[52,42729,42730,42732,42734,42736,42738,42740],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42731,32287],{"class":141},[52,42733,145],{"class":66},[52,42735,8448],{"class":3251},[52,42737,121],{"class":66},[52,42739,811],{"class":24881},[52,42741,151],{"class":66},[20,42743,42744,42745,9059,42747,28446,42752,42754,42755,42757],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42746,35164],{},[257,42748,42750],{"href":42749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42751,34447],{},[15,42753,34447],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42756,35164],{}," explains one of them.",[1335,42759,42489],{"id":34795},[20,42761,42762,42763,2536,42765,17199,42767,121],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42764,18545],{},[15,42766,35327],{},[15,42768,42769],{},"os",[43,42771,42773],{"className":45,"code":42772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42774,42775,42781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42776,42777,42779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42778,35228],{"class":163},[52,42780,35231],{"class":58},[52,42782,42783,42785,42787,42789],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42784,32287],{"class":141},[52,42786,145],{"class":66},[52,42788,18545],{"class":124},[52,42790,151],{"class":66},[20,42792,42793,42794,42798,42799,121],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[257,42795,42797],{"href":42796},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[257,42800,35294],{"href":42801},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[38,42803,35055],{"id":35054},[20,42805,42806,42808],{},[15,42807,35164],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42810,42811],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[234,42813,42814,42817,42820,42823],{},[237,42815,42816],{},"The function signature",[237,42818,42819],{},"The short description",[237,42821,42822],{},"Parameter names",[237,42824,42825],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42827,5826],{},[43,42829,42831],{"className":45,"code":42830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42832,42833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42834,42835,42837,42839,42841,42843,42845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42836,32287],{"class":141},[52,42838,145],{"class":66},[52,42840,3795],{"class":3251},[52,42842,121],{"class":66},[52,42844,34605],{"class":24881},[52,42846,151],{"class":66},[20,42848,42849],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[234,42851,42852,42855,42858,42860],{},[237,42853,42854],{},"What object this is",[237,42856,42857],{},"What arguments it accepts",[237,42859,22100],{},[237,42861,42862],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42864,42865],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[38,42867,42869],{"id":42868},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42871,42872,30007],{},[15,42873,35164],{},[234,42875,42876,42879,42882,42885],{},[237,42877,42878],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[237,42880,42881],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[237,42883,42884],{},"You are exploring a new module",[237,42886,42887],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42889,42890],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[43,42892,42893],{"className":45,"code":42830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42894,42895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42896,42897,42899,42901,42903,42905,42907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42898,32287],{"class":141},[52,42900,145],{"class":66},[52,42902,3795],{"class":3251},[52,42904,121],{"class":66},[52,42906,34605],{"class":24881},[52,42908,151],{"class":66},[20,42910,42911],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[43,42913,42915],{"className":45,"code":42914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(open)\n",[15,42916,42917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42918,42919,42921,42923,42925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42920,32287],{"class":141},[52,42922,145],{"class":66},[52,42924,42570],{"class":141},[52,42926,151],{"class":66},[38,42928,42930],{"id":42929},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42932,42933,42935],{},[15,42934,35164],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[234,42937,42938,42941,42944,42947],{},[237,42939,42940],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[237,42942,42943],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[237,42945,42946],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[237,42948,42949],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42951,42952,42953,42955],{},"So, ",[15,42954,35164],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42957,5826],{},[43,42959,42961],{"className":45,"code":42960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42962,42963,42976,43000,43004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42964,42965,42967,42969,42971,42974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42966,34824],{"class":58},[52,42968,63],{"class":62},[52,42970,83],{"class":70},[52,42972,42973],{"class":74},"a,b,c",[52,42975,3710],{"class":70},[52,42977,42978,42981,42983,42986,42988,42990,42992,42994,42996,42998],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,42979,42980],{"class":58},"parts ",[52,42982,63],{"class":62},[52,42984,42985],{"class":58}," text",[52,42987,121],{"class":66},[52,42989,34605],{"class":124},[52,42991,145],{"class":66},[52,42993,71],{"class":70},[52,42995,91],{"class":74},[52,42997,71],{"class":70},[52,42999,151],{"class":66},[52,43001,43002],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43003,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,43005,43006,43008,43010,43013],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43007,142],{"class":141},[52,43009,145],{"class":66},[52,43011,43012],{"class":124},"parts",[52,43014,151],{"class":66},[20,43016,5913],{},[43,43018,43020],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43021,43022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43023,43024,43026,43028,43030,43032,43034,43036,43038,43040,43042,43044,43046,43048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43025,513],{"class":66},[52,43027,186],{"class":70},[52,43029,257],{"class":74},[52,43031,186],{"class":70},[52,43033,91],{"class":66},[52,43035,195],{"class":70},[52,43037,345],{"class":74},[52,43039,186],{"class":70},[52,43041,91],{"class":66},[52,43043,195],{"class":70},[52,43045,10087],{"class":74},[52,43047,186],{"class":70},[52,43049,766],{"class":66},[20,43051,43052],{},"A good workflow is:",[28846,43054,43055,43060,43063,43066],{},[237,43056,222,43057,43059],{},[15,43058,35164],{}," to inspect something",[237,43061,43062],{},"Write a tiny example",[237,43064,43065],{},"Check the result",[237,43067,43068],{},"Repeat",[38,43070,43072],{"id":43071},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43074,43075,2218,43077,43079],{},[15,43076,35164],{},[15,43078,34447],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1335,43081,43082],{"id":32287},[15,43083,35164],{},[20,43085,222,43086,43088],{},[15,43087,35164],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43090,43091],{},"It tells you:",[234,43093,43094,43097,43100],{},[237,43095,43096],{},"What something is",[237,43098,43099],{},"How to use it",[237,43101,43102],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1335,43104,43105],{"id":34508},[15,43106,34447],{},[20,43108,222,43109,43111],{},[15,43110,34447],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[43,43113,43115],{"className":45,"code":43114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dir(str)\n",[15,43116,43117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43118,43119,43121,43123,43125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43120,34508],{"class":141},[52,43122,145],{"class":66},[52,43124,3795],{"class":3251},[52,43126,151],{"class":66},[20,43128,43129,43130,2536,43132,17199,43134,121],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43131,34605],{},[15,43133,8989],{},[15,43135,8995],{},[20,43137,43138,43139,80],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43140,35164],{},[43,43142,43144],{"className":45,"code":43143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43145,43146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43147,43148,43150,43152,43154,43156,43158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43149,32287],{"class":141},[52,43151,145],{"class":66},[52,43153,3795],{"class":3251},[52,43155,121],{"class":66},[52,43157,8995],{"class":24881},[52,43159,151],{"class":66},[20,43161,43162],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[234,43164,43165,43170],{},[237,43166,222,43167,43169],{},[15,43168,34447],{}," to discover options",[237,43171,222,43172,43174],{},[15,43173,35164],{}," to understand one option",[38,43176,2022],{"id":2021},[20,43178,43179,43180,121],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43181,35164],{},[1335,43183,1326,43185,43188,43189],{"id":43184},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43186,43187],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43190,43191],{},"help(len)",[20,43193,43194],{},"These are not always the same.",[43,43196,43198],{"className":45,"code":43197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43199,43200,43210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43201,43202,43204,43206,43208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43203,32287],{"class":141},[52,43205,145],{"class":66},[52,43207,11505],{"class":141},[52,43209,151],{"class":66},[52,43211,43212,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43213,32287],{"class":141},[52,43215,145],{"class":66},[52,43217,186],{"class":70},[52,43219,11505],{"class":74},[52,43221,186],{"class":70},[52,43223,151],{"class":66},[20,43225,43226,43228],{},[15,43227,43191],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43230,43231,43233,43234,43237],{},[15,43232,43187],{}," treats ",[15,43235,43236],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1335,43239,43241],{"id":43240},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43243,43244,43246],{},[15,43245,35164],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43248,43249],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1335,43251,43253],{"id":43252},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43255,40485,43256,43258],{},[15,43257,35164],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43260,309],{},[43,43262,43264],{"className":45,"code":43263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43265,43266,43276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43267,43268,43270,43272,43274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43269,32287],{"class":141},[52,43271,145],{"class":66},[52,43273,11505],{"class":141},[52,43275,151],{"class":66},[52,43277,43278,43280,43282,43284,43287,43289],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43279,142],{"class":141},[52,43281,145],{"class":66},[52,43283,71],{"class":70},[52,43285,43286],{"class":74},"Done",[52,43288,71],{"class":70},[52,43290,151],{"class":66},[20,43292,43293],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1335,43295,37344,43297,9059,43299],{"id":43296},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43298,35164],{},[15,43300,34447],{},[20,43302,43303,43304,121],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43305,34447],{},[20,43307,43308,43309,121],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43310,35164],{},[38,43312,43314],{"id":43313},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43316,43317],{},"Open Python:",[43,43319,43320],{"className":45,"code":35680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,43321,43322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43323,43324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43325,35680],{"class":58},[20,43327,43328],{},"Then test these commands:",[43,43330,43332],{"className":45,"code":43331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43333,43334,43344,43358,43372,43382,43397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43335,43336,43338,43340,43342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43337,32287],{"class":141},[52,43339,145],{"class":66},[52,43341,11505],{"class":141},[52,43343,151],{"class":66},[52,43345,43346,43348,43350,43352,43354,43356],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43347,32287],{"class":141},[52,43349,145],{"class":66},[52,43351,3795],{"class":3251},[52,43353,121],{"class":66},[52,43355,34605],{"class":24881},[52,43357,151],{"class":66},[52,43359,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43361,32287],{"class":141},[52,43363,145],{"class":66},[52,43365,8448],{"class":3251},[52,43367,121],{"class":66},[52,43369,811],{"class":24881},[52,43371,151],{"class":66},[52,43373,43374,43376,43378,43380],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43375,32287],{"class":141},[52,43377,145],{"class":66},[52,43379,42570],{"class":141},[52,43381,151],{"class":66},[52,43383,43384,43386,43388,43390,43393,43395],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,43385,32287],{"class":141},[52,43387,145],{"class":66},[52,43389,186],{"class":70},[52,43391,43392],{"class":74},"keywords",[52,43394,186],{"class":70},[52,43396,151],{"class":66},[52,43398,43399,43401,43403,43405],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,43400,34508],{"class":141},[52,43402,145],{"class":66},[52,43404,3795],{"class":3251},[52,43406,151],{"class":66},[20,43408,43409],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[234,43411,43412,43415,43418,43421,43424,43427],{},[237,43413,43414],{},"A built-in function",[237,43416,43417],{},"A string method",[237,43419,43420],{},"A list method",[237,43422,43423],{},"A built-in file function",[237,43425,43426],{},"A special help topic",[237,43428,15314,43429,43431],{},[15,43430,34447],{}," example for comparison",[38,43433,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,43435,43437],{"id":43436},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43439,43440],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1335,43442,43444],{"id":43443},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43446,43447,43448,43450],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43449,35164],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[43,43452,43454],{"className":45,"code":43453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43455,43456,43468,43481,43500,43504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43457,43458,43460,43462,43464,43466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43459,34988],{"class":2413},[52,43461,34992],{"class":34991},[52,43463,145],{"class":66},[52,43465,75],{"class":37803},[52,43467,8696],{"class":66},[52,43469,43470,43474,43478],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43471,43473],{"class":43472},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[52,43475,43477],{"class":43476},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[52,43479,43480],{"class":43472},"\"\"\"\n",[52,43482,43483,43485,43488,43491,43493,43495,43497],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43484,34999],{"class":163},[52,43486,43487],{"class":2413}," f",[52,43489,43490],{"class":74},"\"Hello, ",[52,43492,183],{"class":103},[52,43494,75],{"class":58},[52,43496,22433],{"class":103},[52,43498,43499],{"class":74},"!\"\n",[52,43501,43502],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43503,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,43505,43506,43508,43510,43512],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,43507,32287],{"class":141},[52,43509,145],{"class":66},[52,43511,35034],{"class":124},[52,43513,151],{"class":66},[1335,43515,43517],{"id":43516},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43519,43520,43522,43523,43525],{},[15,43521,43191],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43524,43187],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1335,43527,43529],{"id":43528},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43531,43532],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[38,43534,2240],{"id":2239},[234,43536,43537,43542,43546,43551,43556],{},[237,43538,43539],{},[257,43540,43541],{"href":42749},"Python dir() function explained",[237,43543,43544],{},[257,43545,8796],{"href":2647},[237,43547,43548],{},[257,43549,43550],{"href":42501},"Python len() function explained",[237,43552,43553],{},[257,43554,43555],{"href":42796},"How import works in Python",[237,43557,43558],{},[257,43559,35294],{"href":42801},[20,43561,43562,43563,43565,43566,2536,43568,17199,43570,43572,43573,261,43576,43579],{},"Try ",[15,43564,35164],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43567,11505],{},[15,43569,142],{},[15,43571,42606],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43574,43575],{},"dir(str)",[15,43577,43578],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2278,43581,43582],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":43584},[43585,43586,43587,43588,43594,43595,43596,43597,43601,43609,43610,43616],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":42466,"depth":110,"text":42467},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":42591,"depth":110,"text":42592,"children":43589},[43590,43591,43592,43593],{"id":42595,"depth":131,"text":42596},{"id":42648,"depth":131,"text":42649},{"id":34642,"depth":131,"text":42486},{"id":34795,"depth":131,"text":42489},{"id":35054,"depth":110,"text":35055},{"id":42868,"depth":110,"text":42869},{"id":42929,"depth":110,"text":42930},{"id":43071,"depth":110,"text":43072,"children":43598},[43599,43600],{"id":32287,"depth":131,"text":35164},{"id":34508,"depth":131,"text":34447},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":43602},[43603,43605,43606,43607],{"id":43184,"depth":131,"text":43604},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43240,"depth":131,"text":43241},{"id":43252,"depth":131,"text":43253},{"id":43296,"depth":131,"text":43608},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43313,"depth":110,"text":43314},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":43611},[43612,43613,43614,43615],{"id":43436,"depth":131,"text":43437},{"id":43443,"depth":131,"text":43444},{"id":43516,"depth":131,"text":43517},{"id":43528,"depth":131,"text":43529},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42395,"description":43617},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43623,"title":43624,"body":43625,"description":44987,"extension":2310,"meta":44988,"navigation":134,"path":44989,"seo":44990,"stem":44991,"__hash__":44992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43626,"toc":44960},[43627,43633,43638,43644,43654,43713,43723,43734,43739,43745,43747,43765,43773,43775,43777,43792,43795,43806,43808,43899,43902,43906,43911,43932,43934,44045,44047,44074,44085,44089,44092,44175,44177,44185,44191,44197,44201,44204,44314,44316,44329,44332,44346,44354,44361,44366,44380,44386,44499,44501,44562,44565,44571,44577,44580,44602,44605,44675,44678,44710,44717,44719,44722,44740,44743,44755,44761,44763,44768,44794,44797,44869,44871,44877,44880,44886,44889,44895,44905,44911,44914,44921,44924,44926,44957],[10,43628,3928,43630,3932],{"id":43629},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43631,43632],{},"id()",[20,43634,32452,43635,43637],{},[15,43636,43632],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43639,43640,43641,43643],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43642,43632],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43645,222,43646,43648,43649,43651,43652,121],{},[15,43647,43632],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[33,43650,1332],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43653,5042],{},[43,43655,43657],{"className":45,"code":43656,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43658,43659,43671,43685,43689,43699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43660,43661,43663,43665,43667,43669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43662,8230],{"class":58},[52,43664,63],{"class":62},[52,43666,83],{"class":70},[52,43668,7650],{"class":74},[52,43670,3710],{"class":70},[52,43672,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43674,142],{"class":141},[52,43676,145],{"class":66},[52,43678,2103],{"class":141},[52,43680,145],{"class":66},[52,43682,75],{"class":124},[52,43684,2120],{"class":66},[52,43686,43687],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,43690,43691,43694,43696],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43692,43693],{"class":58},"other ",[52,43695,63],{"class":62},[52,43697,43698],{"class":58}," name\n",[52,43700,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,43702,142],{"class":141},[52,43704,145],{"class":66},[52,43706,2103],{"class":141},[52,43708,145],{"class":66},[52,43710,30877],{"class":124},[52,43712,2120],{"class":66},[20,43714,43715,43716,43719,43720,43722],{},"In this example, ",[15,43717,43718],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43721,43632],{}," values match.",[43724,43725,43726],"blockquote",{},[20,43727,222,43728,43730,43731,43733],{},[15,43729,43632],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43732,5042],{}," for value comparison.",[38,43735,4031,43737,4034],{"id":43736},"what-id-does",[15,43738,43632],{},[20,43740,43741,43744],{},[15,43742,43743],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43746,293],{},[234,43748,43749,43752,43759,43762],{},[237,43750,43751],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[237,43753,43754,43755,43758],{},"It shows ",[33,43756,43757],{},"object identity",", not object value",[237,43760,43761],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[237,43763,43764],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43766,43767,43768,43772],{},"This is closely related to how ",[257,43769,43771],{"href":43770},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[38,43774,269],{"id":268},[20,43776,5788],{},[43,43778,43780],{"className":45,"code":43779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"id(object)\n",[15,43781,43782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43783,43784,43786,43788,43790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43785,2103],{"class":141},[52,43787,145],{"class":66},[52,43789,42542],{"class":3251},[52,43791,151],{"class":66},[20,43793,43794],{},"Important details:",[234,43796,43797,43800,43803],{},[237,43798,43799],{},"It takes one argument",[237,43801,43802],{},"It returns an integer",[237,43804,43805],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43807,309],{},[43,43809,43811],{"className":45,"code":43810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43812,43813,43825,43833,43853,43857,43871,43885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43814,43815,43817,43819,43821,43823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43816,34824],{"class":58},[52,43818,63],{"class":62},[52,43820,83],{"class":70},[52,43822,4201],{"class":74},[52,43824,3710],{"class":70},[52,43826,43827,43829,43831],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43828,2564],{"class":58},[52,43830,63],{"class":62},[52,43832,3119],{"class":103},[52,43834,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43836,8133],{"class":58},[52,43838,63],{"class":62},[52,43840,755],{"class":66},[52,43842,3339],{"class":103},[52,43844,91],{"class":66},[52,43846,1378],{"class":103},[52,43848,91],{"class":66},[52,43850,2801],{"class":103},[52,43852,766],{"class":66},[52,43854,43855],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43856,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,43858,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,43860,142],{"class":141},[52,43862,145],{"class":66},[52,43864,2103],{"class":141},[52,43866,145],{"class":66},[52,43868,34845],{"class":124},[52,43870,2120],{"class":66},[52,43872,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,43874,142],{"class":141},[52,43876,145],{"class":66},[52,43878,2103],{"class":141},[52,43880,145],{"class":66},[52,43882,2587],{"class":124},[52,43884,2120],{"class":66},[52,43886,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,43888,142],{"class":141},[52,43890,145],{"class":66},[52,43892,2103],{"class":141},[52,43894,145],{"class":66},[52,43896,8163],{"class":124},[52,43898,2120],{"class":66},[20,43900,43901],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[38,43903,43905],{"id":43904},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43907,43908,43909,121],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43910,43632],{},[234,43912,43913,43920,43927],{},[237,43914,43915,43917,43918],{},[15,43916,5042],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[33,43919,2823],{},[237,43921,43922,43924,43925],{},[15,43923,164],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[33,43926,42542],{},[237,43928,43929,43931],{},[15,43930,43632],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43933,309],{},[43,43935,43937],{"className":45,"code":43936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43938,43939,43959,43979,43983,44000,44017,44031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43940,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43955,43957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43942,2905],{"class":58},[52,43944,63],{"class":62},[52,43946,755],{"class":66},[52,43948,3339],{"class":103},[52,43950,91],{"class":66},[52,43952,1378],{"class":103},[52,43954,91],{"class":66},[52,43956,2801],{"class":103},[52,43958,766],{"class":66},[52,43960,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,43962,2933],{"class":58},[52,43964,63],{"class":62},[52,43966,755],{"class":66},[52,43968,3339],{"class":103},[52,43970,91],{"class":66},[52,43972,1378],{"class":103},[52,43974,91],{"class":66},[52,43976,2801],{"class":103},[52,43978,766],{"class":66},[52,43980,43981],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43982,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,43984,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43986,142],{"class":141},[52,43988,145],{"class":66},[52,43990,2905],{"class":124},[52,43992,5042],{"class":62},[52,43994,2910],{"class":124},[52,43996,4014],{"class":66},[52,43998,43999],{"class":4017},"   # True\n",[52,44001,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012,44014],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,44003,142],{"class":141},[52,44005,145],{"class":66},[52,44007,2905],{"class":124},[52,44009,164],{"class":163},[52,44011,2910],{"class":124},[52,44013,4014],{"class":66},[52,44015,44016],{"class":4017},"   # False\n",[52,44018,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,44020,142],{"class":141},[52,44022,145],{"class":66},[52,44024,2103],{"class":141},[52,44026,145],{"class":66},[52,44028,257],{"class":124},[52,44030,2120],{"class":66},[52,44032,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,44034,142],{"class":141},[52,44036,145],{"class":66},[52,44038,2103],{"class":141},[52,44040,145],{"class":66},[52,44042,345],{"class":124},[52,44044,2120],{"class":66},[20,44046,2525],{},[234,44048,44049,44057,44065],{},[237,44050,44051,1036,44054,44056],{},[15,44052,44053],{},"a == b",[15,44055,1048],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[237,44058,44059,1036,44062,44064],{},[15,44060,44061],{},"a is b",[15,44063,1039],{}," because they are different list objects",[237,44066,44067,2218,44070,44073],{},[15,44068,44069],{},"id(a)",[15,44071,44072],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44075,44076,44077,2218,44081,121],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[257,44078,44080],{"href":44079},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[257,44082,44084],{"href":44083},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[38,44086,44088],{"id":44087},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44090,44091],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[43,44093,44095],{"className":45,"code":44094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44096,44097,44117,44127,44131,44145,44160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44098,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113,44115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44100,3971],{"class":58},[52,44102,63],{"class":62},[52,44104,755],{"class":66},[52,44106,2679],{"class":103},[52,44108,91],{"class":66},[52,44110,104],{"class":103},[52,44112,91],{"class":66},[52,44114,8148],{"class":103},[52,44116,766],{"class":66},[52,44118,44119,44122,44124],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44120,44121],{"class":58},"other_numbers ",[52,44123,63],{"class":62},[52,44125,44126],{"class":58}," numbers\n",[52,44128,44129],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44130,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,44132,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44134,142],{"class":141},[52,44136,145],{"class":66},[52,44138,2103],{"class":141},[52,44140,145],{"class":66},[52,44142,4001],{"class":124},[52,44144,2120],{"class":66},[52,44146,44147,44149,44151,44153,44155,44158],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,44148,142],{"class":141},[52,44150,145],{"class":66},[52,44152,2103],{"class":141},[52,44154,145],{"class":66},[52,44156,44157],{"class":124},"other_numbers",[52,44159,2120],{"class":66},[52,44161,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44173],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,44163,142],{"class":141},[52,44165,145],{"class":66},[52,44167,3971],{"class":124},[52,44169,164],{"class":163},[52,44171,44172],{"class":124}," other_numbers",[52,44174,151],{"class":66},[20,44176,5913],{},[43,44178,44179],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,44180,44181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44182,44183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44184,1025],{"class":218},[20,44186,44187,44188,44190],{},"The two ",[15,44189,43632],{}," values will also match.",[20,44192,22319,44193,44196],{},[15,44194,44195],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[38,44198,44200],{"id":44199},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44202,44203],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[43,44205,44207],{"className":45,"code":44206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44208,44209,44230,44251,44255,44270,44284,44299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44210,44211,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44212,44213],{"class":58},"list_a ",[52,44215,63],{"class":62},[52,44217,755],{"class":66},[52,44219,3339],{"class":103},[52,44221,91],{"class":66},[52,44223,1378],{"class":103},[52,44225,91],{"class":66},[52,44227,2801],{"class":103},[52,44229,766],{"class":66},[52,44231,44232,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44233,44234],{"class":58},"list_b ",[52,44236,63],{"class":62},[52,44238,755],{"class":66},[52,44240,3339],{"class":103},[52,44242,91],{"class":66},[52,44244,1378],{"class":103},[52,44246,91],{"class":66},[52,44248,2801],{"class":103},[52,44250,766],{"class":66},[52,44252,44253],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44254,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,44256,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44268],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44258,142],{"class":141},[52,44260,145],{"class":66},[52,44262,44213],{"class":124},[52,44264,5042],{"class":62},[52,44266,44267],{"class":124}," list_b",[52,44269,151],{"class":66},[52,44271,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,44273,142],{"class":141},[52,44275,145],{"class":66},[52,44277,44213],{"class":124},[52,44279,164],{"class":163},[52,44281,44267],{"class":124},[52,44283,151],{"class":66},[52,44285,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44297],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,44287,142],{"class":141},[52,44289,145],{"class":66},[52,44291,2103],{"class":141},[52,44293,145],{"class":66},[52,44295,44296],{"class":124},"list_a",[52,44298,2120],{"class":66},[52,44300,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309,44312],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,44302,142],{"class":141},[52,44304,145],{"class":66},[52,44306,2103],{"class":141},[52,44308,145],{"class":66},[52,44310,44311],{"class":124},"list_b",[52,44313,2120],{"class":66},[20,44315,5913],{},[43,44317,44319],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44320,44321,44325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44322,44323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44324,1025],{"class":218},[52,44326,44327],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44328,219],{"class":218},[20,44330,44331],{},"What this means:",[234,44333,44334,44337,44340],{},[237,44335,44336],{},"The lists are equal in value",[237,44338,44339],{},"They are not the same object",[237,44341,44342,44343,44345],{},"Their ",[15,44344,43632],{}," values are usually different",[20,44347,44348,44349,44351,44352,121],{},"This is why ",[15,44350,43632],{}," should not replace ",[15,44353,5042],{},[38,44355,44357,44358,44360],{"id":44356},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44359,43632],{}," is useful",[20,44362,44363,44365],{},[15,44364,43632],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[234,44367,44368,44371,44374,44377],{},[237,44369,44370],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[237,44372,44373],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[237,44375,44376],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[237,44378,44379],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44381,44382,44383,44385],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44384,43632],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[43,44387,44389],{"className":45,"code":44388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44390,44391,44415,44424,44428,44447,44451,44461,44471,44485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44392,44393,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44394,1348],{"class":58},[52,44396,63],{"class":62},[52,44398,755],{"class":66},[52,44400,71],{"class":70},[52,44402,257],{"class":74},[52,44404,71],{"class":70},[52,44406,91],{"class":66},[52,44408,83],{"class":70},[52,44410,345],{"class":74},[52,44412,71],{"class":70},[52,44414,766],{"class":66},[52,44416,44417,44420,44422],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44418,44419],{"class":58},"copy_ref ",[52,44421,63],{"class":62},[52,44423,1390],{"class":58},[52,44425,44426],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44427,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,44429,44430,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443,44445],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44431,44432],{"class":58},"copy_ref",[52,44434,121],{"class":66},[52,44436,811],{"class":124},[52,44438,145],{"class":66},[52,44440,71],{"class":70},[52,44442,10087],{"class":74},[52,44444,71],{"class":70},[52,44446,151],{"class":66},[52,44448,44449],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,44450,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,44452,44453,44455,44457,44459],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,44454,142],{"class":141},[52,44456,145],{"class":66},[52,44458,2068],{"class":124},[52,44460,151],{"class":66},[52,44462,44463,44465,44467,44469],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,44464,142],{"class":141},[52,44466,145],{"class":66},[52,44468,44432],{"class":124},[52,44470,151],{"class":66},[52,44472,44473,44475,44477,44479,44481,44483],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,44474,142],{"class":141},[52,44476,145],{"class":66},[52,44478,2103],{"class":141},[52,44480,145],{"class":66},[52,44482,2068],{"class":124},[52,44484,2120],{"class":66},[52,44486,44487,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,44488,142],{"class":141},[52,44490,145],{"class":66},[52,44492,2103],{"class":141},[52,44494,145],{"class":66},[52,44496,44432],{"class":124},[52,44498,2120],{"class":66},[20,44500,5913],{},[43,44502,44504],{"className":45,"code":44503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44505,44506,44534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44507,44508,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44509,513],{"class":66},[52,44511,186],{"class":70},[52,44513,257],{"class":74},[52,44515,186],{"class":70},[52,44517,91],{"class":66},[52,44519,195],{"class":70},[52,44521,345],{"class":74},[52,44523,186],{"class":70},[52,44525,91],{"class":66},[52,44527,195],{"class":70},[52,44529,10087],{"class":74},[52,44531,186],{"class":70},[52,44533,766],{"class":66},[52,44535,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44537,513],{"class":66},[52,44539,186],{"class":70},[52,44541,257],{"class":74},[52,44543,186],{"class":70},[52,44545,91],{"class":66},[52,44547,195],{"class":70},[52,44549,345],{"class":74},[52,44551,186],{"class":70},[52,44553,91],{"class":66},[52,44555,195],{"class":70},[52,44557,10087],{"class":74},[52,44559,186],{"class":70},[52,44561,766],{"class":66},[20,44563,44564],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[38,44566,44568,44569],{"id":44567},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44570,43632],{},[20,44572,44573,44574,44576],{},"Do not use ",[15,44575,43632],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44578,44579],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[234,44581,44582,44588,44594,44597],{},[237,44583,44584,44585,44587],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44586,5042],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[237,44589,44590,44591,44593],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44592,43632],{}," values across program runs",[237,44595,44596],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[237,44598,44599,44600],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44601,43632],{},[20,44603,44604],{},"Bad example:",[43,44606,44608],{"className":45,"code":44607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44609,44610,44622,44634,44638,44660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44611,44612,44614,44616,44618,44620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44613,2905],{"class":58},[52,44615,63],{"class":62},[52,44617,83],{"class":70},[52,44619,37187],{"class":74},[52,44621,3710],{"class":70},[52,44623,44624,44626,44628,44630,44632],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44625,2933],{"class":58},[52,44627,63],{"class":62},[52,44629,83],{"class":70},[52,44631,37187],{"class":74},[52,44633,3710],{"class":70},[52,44635,44636],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44637,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,44639,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648,44650,44652,44654,44656,44658],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44641,7350],{"class":163},[52,44643,2113],{"class":141},[52,44645,145],{"class":66},[52,44647,257],{"class":124},[52,44649,4014],{"class":66},[52,44651,6763],{"class":62},[52,44653,2113],{"class":141},[52,44655,145],{"class":66},[52,44657,345],{"class":124},[52,44659,8696],{"class":66},[52,44661,44662,44664,44666,44668,44671,44673],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,44663,8423],{"class":141},[52,44665,145],{"class":66},[52,44667,71],{"class":70},[52,44669,44670],{"class":74},"The values are equal",[52,44672,71],{"class":70},[52,44674,151],{"class":66},[20,44676,44677],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[43,44679,44681],{"className":45,"code":44680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44682,44683,44696],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44684,44685,44687,44690,44692,44694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44686,7350],{"class":163},[52,44688,44689],{"class":58}," a ",[52,44691,5042],{"class":62},[52,44693,2910],{"class":58},[52,44695,6748],{"class":66},[52,44697,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706,44708],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44699,8423],{"class":141},[52,44701,145],{"class":66},[52,44703,71],{"class":70},[52,44705,44670],{"class":74},[52,44707,71],{"class":70},[52,44709,151],{"class":66},[20,44711,222,44712,261,44714,44716],{},[15,44713,164],{},[15,44715,43632],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[38,44718,20930],{"id":20929},[20,44720,44721],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[234,44723,44724,44727,44730,44735],{},[237,44725,44726],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[237,44728,44729],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[237,44731,44732,44733],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44734,43632],{},[237,44736,44737,44738],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44739,43632],{},[20,44741,44742],{},"The important rule is:",[234,44744,44745,44750],{},[237,44746,222,44747,44749],{},[15,44748,5042],{}," to check value",[237,44751,222,44752,44754],{},[15,44753,164],{}," to check identity",[20,44756,44757,44758,44760],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44759,43632],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[38,44762,2022],{"id":2021},[20,44764,44765,44766,80],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44767,43632],{},[234,44769,44770,44778,44781,44784,44789],{},[237,44771,1326,44772,44774,44775,44777],{},[15,44773,43632],{}," when ",[15,44776,5042],{}," should be used",[237,44779,44780],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[237,44782,44783],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[237,44785,44786,44787],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44788,43632],{},[237,44790,1326,44791,44793],{},[15,44792,43632],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44795,44796],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[43,44798,44800],{"className":45,"code":44799,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44801,44802,44817,44831,44845,44859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44803,44804,44806,44808,44810,44812,44815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44805,142],{"class":141},[52,44807,145],{"class":66},[52,44809,2103],{"class":141},[52,44811,145],{"class":66},[52,44813,44814],{"class":124},"my_object",[52,44816,2120],{"class":66},[52,44818,44819,44821,44823,44825,44827,44829],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,44820,142],{"class":141},[52,44822,145],{"class":66},[52,44824,2905],{"class":124},[52,44826,5042],{"class":62},[52,44828,2910],{"class":124},[52,44830,151],{"class":66},[52,44832,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44834,142],{"class":141},[52,44836,145],{"class":66},[52,44838,2905],{"class":124},[52,44840,164],{"class":163},[52,44842,2910],{"class":124},[52,44844,151],{"class":66},[52,44846,44847,44849,44851,44853,44855,44857],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44848,142],{"class":141},[52,44850,145],{"class":66},[52,44852,3573],{"class":3251},[52,44854,145],{"class":66},[52,44856,44814],{"class":124},[52,44858,2120],{"class":66},[52,44860,44861,44863,44865,44867],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,44862,32287],{"class":141},[52,44864,145],{"class":66},[52,44866,2103],{"class":141},[52,44868,151],{"class":66},[38,44870,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,44872,44874,44875,13040],{"id":44873},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44876,43632],{},[20,44878,44879],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1335,44881,2205,44883,44885],{"id":44882},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44884,43632],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44887,44888],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1335,44890,21550,44892,44894],{"id":44891},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44893,43632],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44896,30404,44897,44899,44900,261,44902,44904],{},[15,44898,5042],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44901,43632],{},[15,44903,164],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1335,44906,44908,44909,2221],{"id":44907},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44910,43632],{},[20,44912,44913],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1335,44915,44917,44918,44920],{"id":44916},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44919,43632],{}," values?",[20,44922,44923],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[38,44925,2240],{"id":2239},[234,44927,44928,44933,44938,44943,44951],{},[237,44929,44930],{},[257,44931,44932],{"href":43770},"Python variables explained for beginners",[237,44934,44935],{},[257,44936,44937],{"href":44079},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[237,44939,44940],{},[257,44941,44942],{"href":44083},"Python data types overview",[237,44944,44945],{},[257,44946,3928,44948,3861],{"href":44947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44949,44950],{},"isinstance()",[237,44952,44953],{},[257,44954,44956],{"href":44955},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2278,44958,44959],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":44961},[44962,44964,44965,44966,44967,44968,44970,44972,44973,44974,44986],{"id":43736,"depth":110,"text":44963},"What id() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":43904,"depth":110,"text":43905},{"id":44087,"depth":110,"text":44088},{"id":44199,"depth":110,"text":44200},{"id":44356,"depth":110,"text":44969},"When id() is useful",{"id":44567,"depth":110,"text":44971},"When not to use id()",{"id":20929,"depth":110,"text":20930},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":44975},[44976,44978,44980,44982,44984],{"id":44873,"depth":131,"text":44977},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44882,"depth":131,"text":44979},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44891,"depth":131,"text":44981},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44907,"depth":131,"text":44983},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44916,"depth":131,"text":44985},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43624,"description":44987},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44994,"title":42337,"body":44995,"description":46635,"extension":2310,"meta":46636,"navigation":134,"path":46637,"seo":46638,"stem":46639,"__hash__":46640},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44996,"toc":46601},[44997,45002,45007,45010,45012,45055,45060,45063,45068,45073,45076,45092,45094,45138,45140,45167,45169,45184,45186,45188,45190,45206,45208,45220,45223,45257,45260,45285,45290,45292,45297,45301,45304,45306,45354,45356,45389,45395,45406,45408,45460,45462,45493,45495,45499,45503,45546,45552,45558,45610,45618,45623,45627,45718,45720,45753,45756,45758,45818,45820,45846,45856,45858,45862,45867,45872,45874,45911,45913,45932,45935,45939,45942,45998,46010,46019,46021,46048,46056,46063,46067,46070,46107,46110,46116,46153,46155,46159,46165,46183,46188,46236,46240,46329,46332,46339,46341,46343,46348,46366,46368,46411,46417,46434,46436,46498,46500,46502,46508,46516,46522,46528,46537,46547,46551,46559,46561,46563,46598],[10,44998,3928,45000,3932],{"id":44999},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45001,3308],{},[20,45003,2327,45004,45006],{},[15,45005,3308],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45008,45009],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[38,45011,41],{"id":40},[43,45013,45015],{"className":45,"code":45014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45016,45017,45036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45018,45019,45021,45023,45025,45027,45029,45032,45034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45020,8230],{"class":58},[52,45022,63],{"class":62},[52,45024,8596],{"class":141},[52,45026,145],{"class":66},[52,45028,71],{"class":70},[52,45030,45031],{"class":74},"Enter your name: ",[52,45033,71],{"class":70},[52,45035,151],{"class":66},[52,45037,45038,45040,45042,45044,45047,45049,45051,45053],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45039,142],{"class":141},[52,45041,145],{"class":66},[52,45043,71],{"class":70},[52,45045,45046],{"class":74},"Hello, ",[52,45048,71],{"class":70},[52,45050,2804],{"class":62},[52,45052,36130],{"class":124},[52,45054,151],{"class":66},[20,45056,222,45057,45059],{},[15,45058,3308],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45061,45062],"hr",{},[38,45064,4031,45066,4034],{"id":45065},"what-input-does",[15,45067,3308],{},[20,45069,45070,45072],{},[15,45071,3308],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45074,45075],{},"Here is what happens:",[234,45077,45078,45083,45086,45089],{},[237,45079,45080,45082],{},[15,45081,3308],{}," waits for the user to type",[237,45084,45085],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[237,45087,45088],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[237,45090,45091],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45093,309],{},[43,45095,45097],{"className":45,"code":45096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45098,45099,45119],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45100,45101,45104,45106,45108,45110,45112,45115,45117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45102,45103],{"class":58},"color ",[52,45105,63],{"class":62},[52,45107,8596],{"class":141},[52,45109,145],{"class":66},[52,45111,71],{"class":70},[52,45113,45114],{"class":74},"What is your favorite color? ",[52,45116,71],{"class":70},[52,45118,151],{"class":66},[52,45120,45121,45123,45125,45127,45130,45132,45134,45136],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45122,142],{"class":141},[52,45124,145],{"class":66},[52,45126,71],{"class":70},[52,45128,45129],{"class":74},"Your favorite color is",[52,45131,71],{"class":70},[52,45133,91],{"class":66},[52,45135,35989],{"class":124},[52,45137,151],{"class":66},[20,45139,30163],{},[43,45141,45143],{"className":45,"code":45142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45144,45145,45158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45146,45147,45149,45151,45154,45156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45148,4031],{"class":58},[52,45150,164],{"class":62},[52,45152,45153],{"class":58}," your favorite color",[52,45155,2221],{"class":37507},[52,45157,36019],{"class":58},[52,45159,45160,45163,45165],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45161,45162],{"class":58},"Your favorite color ",[52,45164,164],{"class":62},[52,45166,36019],{"class":58},[20,45168,20086],{},[234,45170,45171,45176,45181],{},[237,45172,45173,45174],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45175,45114],{},[237,45177,45178,45179],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45180,33026],{},[237,45182,45183],{},"That value is then printed",[45061,45185],{},[38,45187,269],{"id":268},[20,45189,7571],{},[43,45191,45193],{"className":45,"code":45192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45194,45195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45196,45197,45199,45201,45204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45198,42606],{"class":141},[52,45200,145],{"class":66},[52,45202,45203],{"class":124},"prompt",[52,45205,151],{"class":66},[20,45207,11798],{},[234,45209,45210,45214,45217],{},[237,45211,2327,45212,20168],{},[15,45213,45203],{},[237,45215,45216],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[237,45218,45219],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45221,45222],{},"Example with a prompt:",[43,45224,45226],{"className":45,"code":45225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45227,45228,45247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45229,45230,45232,45234,45236,45238,45240,45243,45245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45231,8315],{"class":58},[52,45233,63],{"class":62},[52,45235,8596],{"class":141},[52,45237,145],{"class":66},[52,45239,71],{"class":70},[52,45241,45242],{"class":74},"Enter your username: ",[52,45244,71],{"class":70},[52,45246,151],{"class":66},[52,45248,45249,45251,45253,45255],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45250,142],{"class":141},[52,45252,145],{"class":66},[52,45254,8339],{"class":124},[52,45256,151],{"class":66},[20,45258,45259],{},"Example without a prompt:",[43,45261,45263],{"className":45,"code":45262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45264,45265,45275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45266,45267,45269,45271,45273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45268,2796],{"class":58},[52,45270,63],{"class":62},[52,45272,8596],{"class":141},[52,45274,128],{"class":66},[52,45276,45277,45279,45281,45283],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45278,142],{"class":141},[52,45280,145],{"class":66},[52,45282,2823],{"class":124},[52,45284,151],{"class":66},[20,45286,8116,45287,45289],{},[15,45288,3308],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45061,45291],{},[38,45293,4031,45295,12039],{"id":45294},"what-input-returns",[15,45296,3308],{},[20,45298,45299,8579],{},[15,45300,3308],{},[20,45302,45303],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45305,309],{},[43,45307,45309],{"className":45,"code":45308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45310,45311,45330,45340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45312,45313,45315,45317,45319,45321,45323,45326,45328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45314,21758],{"class":58},[52,45316,63],{"class":62},[52,45318,8596],{"class":141},[52,45320,145],{"class":66},[52,45322,71],{"class":70},[52,45324,45325],{"class":74},"Enter your age: ",[52,45327,71],{"class":70},[52,45329,151],{"class":66},[52,45331,45332,45334,45336,45338],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45333,142],{"class":141},[52,45335,145],{"class":66},[52,45337,96],{"class":124},[52,45339,151],{"class":66},[52,45341,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350,45352],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45343,142],{"class":141},[52,45345,145],{"class":66},[52,45347,3573],{"class":3251},[52,45349,145],{"class":66},[52,45351,96],{"class":124},[52,45353,2120],{"class":66},[20,45355,30163],{},[43,45357,45359],{"className":45,"code":45358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45360,45361,45371,45375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45362,45363,45366,45368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45364,45365],{"class":58},"Enter your age",[52,45367,80],{"class":66},[52,45369,45370],{"class":103}," 25\n",[52,45372,45373],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45374,3059],{"class":103},[52,45376,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45378,3642],{"class":62},[52,45380,3645],{"class":2413},[52,45382,195],{"class":70},[52,45384,3795],{"class":74},[52,45386,186],{"class":70},[52,45388,3654],{"class":62},[20,45390,45391,45392,45394],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45393,9547],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45396,45397,45398,261,45402,121],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[257,45399,45400],{"href":3224},[15,45401,3227],{},[257,45403,45404],{"href":3230},[15,45405,3233],{},[20,45407,309],{},[43,45409,45411],{"className":45,"code":45410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45412,45413,45436,45446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45414,45415,45417,45419,45422,45424,45426,45428,45430,45432,45434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45416,21758],{"class":58},[52,45418,63],{"class":62},[52,45420,45421],{"class":3251}," int",[52,45423,145],{"class":66},[52,45425,42606],{"class":141},[52,45427,145],{"class":66},[52,45429,71],{"class":70},[52,45431,45325],{"class":74},[52,45433,71],{"class":70},[52,45435,2120],{"class":66},[52,45437,45438,45440,45442,45444],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45439,142],{"class":141},[52,45441,145],{"class":66},[52,45443,96],{"class":124},[52,45445,151],{"class":66},[52,45447,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45449,142],{"class":141},[52,45451,145],{"class":66},[52,45453,3573],{"class":3251},[52,45455,145],{"class":66},[52,45457,96],{"class":124},[52,45459,2120],{"class":66},[20,45461,30163],{},[43,45463,45465],{"className":45,"code":45464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45466,45467,45475,45479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45468,45469,45471,45473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45470,45365],{"class":58},[52,45472,80],{"class":66},[52,45474,45370],{"class":103},[52,45476,45477],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45478,3059],{"class":103},[52,45480,45481,45483,45485,45487,45489,45491],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45482,3642],{"class":62},[52,45484,3645],{"class":2413},[52,45486,195],{"class":70},[52,45488,2535],{"class":74},[52,45490,186],{"class":70},[52,45492,3654],{"class":62},[45061,45494],{},[38,45496,45498],{"id":45497},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1335,45500,45502],{"id":45501},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[43,45504,45506],{"className":45,"code":45505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45507,45508,45527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45509,45510,45512,45514,45516,45518,45520,45523,45525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45511,8230],{"class":58},[52,45513,63],{"class":62},[52,45515,8596],{"class":141},[52,45517,145],{"class":66},[52,45519,71],{"class":70},[52,45521,45522],{"class":74},"What is your name? ",[52,45524,71],{"class":70},[52,45526,151],{"class":66},[52,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535,45538,45540,45542,45544],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45530,142],{"class":141},[52,45532,145],{"class":66},[52,45534,71],{"class":70},[52,45536,45537],{"class":74},"Hello,",[52,45539,71],{"class":70},[52,45541,91],{"class":66},[52,45543,36130],{"class":124},[52,45545,151],{"class":66},[20,45547,45548,45549,45551],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45550,75],{}," and prints it.",[1335,45553,45555,45556],{"id":45554},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45557,3227],{},[43,45559,45561],{"className":45,"code":45560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45562,45563,45586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45564,45565,45567,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45582,45584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45566,21758],{"class":58},[52,45568,63],{"class":62},[52,45570,45421],{"class":3251},[52,45572,145],{"class":66},[52,45574,42606],{"class":141},[52,45576,145],{"class":66},[52,45578,71],{"class":70},[52,45580,45581],{"class":74},"How old are you? ",[52,45583,71],{"class":70},[52,45585,2120],{"class":66},[52,45587,45588,45590,45592,45594,45597,45599,45601,45604,45606,45608],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45589,142],{"class":141},[52,45591,145],{"class":66},[52,45593,71],{"class":70},[52,45595,45596],{"class":74},"Next year you will be",[52,45598,71],{"class":70},[52,45600,91],{"class":66},[52,45602,45603],{"class":124}," age ",[52,45605,2407],{"class":62},[52,45607,1364],{"class":103},[52,45609,151],{"class":66},[20,45611,6414,45612,45614,45615,45617],{},[15,45613,3227],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45616,3308],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45619,45620,45621,121],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[257,45622,9336],{"href":9335},[1335,45624,45626],{"id":45625},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[43,45628,45630],{"className":45,"code":45629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45631,45632,45656,45680,45694,45698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45633,45634,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45652,45654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45635,45636],{"class":58},"num1 ",[52,45638,63],{"class":62},[52,45640,45421],{"class":3251},[52,45642,145],{"class":66},[52,45644,42606],{"class":141},[52,45646,145],{"class":66},[52,45648,71],{"class":70},[52,45650,45651],{"class":74},"Enter the first number: ",[52,45653,71],{"class":70},[52,45655,2120],{"class":66},[52,45657,45658,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45671,45673,45676,45678],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45659,45660],{"class":58},"num2 ",[52,45662,63],{"class":62},[52,45664,45421],{"class":3251},[52,45666,145],{"class":66},[52,45668,42606],{"class":141},[52,45670,145],{"class":66},[52,45672,71],{"class":70},[52,45674,45675],{"class":74},"Enter the second number: ",[52,45677,71],{"class":70},[52,45679,2120],{"class":66},[52,45681,45682,45684,45686,45689,45691],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45683,41325],{"class":58},[52,45685,63],{"class":62},[52,45687,45688],{"class":58}," num1 ",[52,45690,2407],{"class":62},[52,45692,45693],{"class":58}," num2\n",[52,45695,45696],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,45697,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,45699,45700,45702,45704,45706,45709,45711,45713,45716],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,45701,142],{"class":141},[52,45703,145],{"class":66},[52,45705,71],{"class":70},[52,45707,45708],{"class":74},"Total:",[52,45710,71],{"class":70},[52,45712,91],{"class":66},[52,45714,45715],{"class":124}," total",[52,45717,151],{"class":66},[20,45719,30163],{},[43,45721,45723],{"className":45,"code":45722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45724,45725,45735,45744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45726,45727,45730,45732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45728,45729],{"class":58},"Enter the first number",[52,45731,80],{"class":66},[52,45733,45734],{"class":103}," 2\n",[52,45736,45737,45740,45742],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45738,45739],{"class":58},"Enter the second number",[52,45741,80],{"class":66},[52,45743,2928],{"class":103},[52,45745,45746,45749,45751],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45747,45748],{"class":58},"Total",[52,45750,80],{"class":66},[52,45752,34979],{"class":103},[20,45754,45755],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45757,309],{},[43,45759,45761],{"className":45,"code":45760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45762,45763,45781,45799,45803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45764,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45766,45636],{"class":58},[52,45768,63],{"class":62},[52,45770,8596],{"class":141},[52,45772,145],{"class":66},[52,45774,71],{"class":70},[52,45776,45651],{"class":74},[52,45778,71],{"class":70},[52,45780,151],{"class":66},[52,45782,45783,45785,45787,45789,45791,45793,45795,45797],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45784,45660],{"class":58},[52,45786,63],{"class":62},[52,45788,8596],{"class":141},[52,45790,145],{"class":66},[52,45792,71],{"class":70},[52,45794,45675],{"class":74},[52,45796,71],{"class":70},[52,45798,151],{"class":66},[52,45800,45801],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45802,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,45804,45805,45807,45809,45811,45813,45816],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,45806,142],{"class":141},[52,45808,145],{"class":66},[52,45810,45636],{"class":124},[52,45812,2407],{"class":62},[52,45814,45815],{"class":124}," num2",[52,45817,151],{"class":66},[20,45819,30163],{},[43,45821,45823],{"className":45,"code":45822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45824,45825,45833,45841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45826,45827,45829,45831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45828,45729],{"class":58},[52,45830,80],{"class":66},[52,45832,45734],{"class":103},[52,45834,45835,45837,45839],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45836,45739],{"class":58},[52,45838,80],{"class":66},[52,45840,2928],{"class":103},[52,45842,45843],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45844,45845],{"class":103},"23\n",[20,45847,45848,45849,45852,45853,121],{},"That happens because ",[15,45850,45851],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45854,45855],{},"\"23\"",[45061,45857],{},[38,45859,45861],{"id":45860},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45863,45864,45865,121],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45866,3308],{},[1335,45868,5058,45870,41685],{"id":45869},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45871,3308],{},[20,45873,39340],{},[43,45875,45877],{"className":45,"code":45876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45878,45879,45897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45880,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45882,2796],{"class":58},[52,45884,63],{"class":62},[52,45886,8596],{"class":141},[52,45888,145],{"class":66},[52,45890,71],{"class":70},[52,45892,42014],{"class":74},[52,45894,71],{"class":70},[52,45896,151],{"class":66},[52,45898,45899,45901,45903,45905,45907,45909],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45900,142],{"class":141},[52,45902,145],{"class":66},[52,45904,3573],{"class":3251},[52,45906,145],{"class":66},[52,45908,2823],{"class":124},[52,45910,2120],{"class":66},[20,45912,173],{},[43,45914,45916],{"className":45,"code":45915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45917,45918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45919,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928,45930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45921,3642],{"class":62},[52,45923,3645],{"class":2413},[52,45925,195],{"class":70},[52,45927,3795],{"class":74},[52,45929,186],{"class":70},[52,45931,3654],{"class":62},[20,45933,45934],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1335,45936,45938],{"id":45937},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45940,45941],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[43,45943,45945],{"className":45,"code":45944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45946,45947,45965,45984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45948,45949,45951,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961,45963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45950,2905],{"class":58},[52,45952,63],{"class":62},[52,45954,8596],{"class":141},[52,45956,145],{"class":66},[52,45958,71],{"class":70},[52,45960,42014],{"class":74},[52,45962,71],{"class":70},[52,45964,151],{"class":66},[52,45966,45967,45969,45971,45973,45975,45977,45980,45982],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,45968,2933],{"class":58},[52,45970,63],{"class":62},[52,45972,8596],{"class":141},[52,45974,145],{"class":66},[52,45976,71],{"class":70},[52,45978,45979],{"class":74},"Enter another number: ",[52,45981,71],{"class":70},[52,45983,151],{"class":66},[52,45985,45986,45988,45990,45992,45994,45996],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45987,142],{"class":141},[52,45989,145],{"class":66},[52,45991,2905],{"class":124},[52,45993,2407],{"class":62},[52,45995,2910],{"class":124},[52,45997,151],{"class":66},[20,45999,41263,46000,2218,46002,46004,46005,19092,46008,121],{},[15,46001,2855],{},[15,46003,2484],{},", the result is ",[15,46006,46007],{},"45",[15,46009,2492],{},[1335,46011,46013,46014,46016,46017],{"id":46012},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46015,40846],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46018,3227],{},[20,46020,309],{},[43,46022,46024],{"className":45,"code":46023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46025,46026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46027,46028,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044,46046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46029,21758],{"class":58},[52,46031,63],{"class":62},[52,46033,45421],{"class":3251},[52,46035,145],{"class":66},[52,46037,42606],{"class":141},[52,46039,145],{"class":66},[52,46041,71],{"class":70},[52,46043,45325],{"class":74},[52,46045,71],{"class":70},[52,46047,2120],{"class":66},[20,46049,8625,46050,46053,46054,121],{},[15,46051,46052],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46055,40846],{},[20,46057,46058,46059,121],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[257,46060,46062],{"href":46061},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1335,46064,46066],{"id":46065},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46068,46069],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[43,46071,46073],{"className":45,"code":46072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46074,46075,46093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087,46089,46091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46078,8230],{"class":58},[52,46080,63],{"class":62},[52,46082,8596],{"class":141},[52,46084,145],{"class":66},[52,46086,71],{"class":70},[52,46088,45031],{"class":74},[52,46090,71],{"class":70},[52,46092,151],{"class":66},[52,46094,46095,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46096,142],{"class":141},[52,46098,145],{"class":66},[52,46100,41922],{"class":141},[52,46102,145],{"class":66},[52,46104,75],{"class":124},[52,46106,2120],{"class":66},[20,46108,46109],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46111,46112,46113,80],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46114,46115],{},".strip()",[43,46117,46119],{"className":45,"code":46118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46120,46121,46143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46122,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137,46139,46141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46124,8230],{"class":58},[52,46126,63],{"class":62},[52,46128,8596],{"class":141},[52,46130,145],{"class":66},[52,46132,71],{"class":70},[52,46134,45031],{"class":74},[52,46136,71],{"class":70},[52,46138,8986],{"class":66},[52,46140,8989],{"class":124},[52,46142,128],{"class":66},[52,46144,46145,46147,46149,46151],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46146,142],{"class":141},[52,46148,145],{"class":66},[52,46150,75],{"class":124},[52,46152,151],{"class":66},[45061,46154],{},[38,46156,46158],{"id":46157},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46160,46161,46162,46164],{},"These habits make ",[15,46163,3308],{}," easier and safer to use.",[234,46166,46167,46170,46175,46178],{},[237,46168,46169],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[237,46171,222,46172,46174],{},[15,46173,46115],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[237,46176,46177],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[237,46179,222,46180,46182],{},[15,46181,29915],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46184,46185,46186,80],{},"Example with ",[15,46187,46115],{},[43,46189,46191],{"className":45,"code":46190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46192,46193,46217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46194,46195,46198,46200,46202,46204,46206,46209,46211,46213,46215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46196,46197],{"class":58},"city ",[52,46199,63],{"class":62},[52,46201,8596],{"class":141},[52,46203,145],{"class":66},[52,46205,71],{"class":70},[52,46207,46208],{"class":74},"Enter your city: ",[52,46210,71],{"class":70},[52,46212,8986],{"class":66},[52,46214,8989],{"class":124},[52,46216,128],{"class":66},[52,46218,46219,46221,46223,46225,46228,46230,46232,46234],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46220,142],{"class":141},[52,46222,145],{"class":66},[52,46224,71],{"class":70},[52,46226,46227],{"class":74},"City:",[52,46229,71],{"class":70},[52,46231,91],{"class":66},[52,46233,31519],{"class":124},[52,46235,151],{"class":66},[20,46237,46185,46238,80],{},[15,46239,29915],{},[43,46241,46243],{"className":45,"code":46242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46244,46245,46251,46274,46306,46314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46246,46247,46249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46248,29937],{"class":163},[52,46250,6748],{"class":66},[52,46252,46253,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46254,46255],{"class":58},"    age ",[52,46257,63],{"class":62},[52,46259,45421],{"class":3251},[52,46261,145],{"class":66},[52,46263,42606],{"class":141},[52,46265,145],{"class":66},[52,46267,71],{"class":70},[52,46269,45325],{"class":74},[52,46271,71],{"class":70},[52,46273,2120],{"class":66},[52,46275,46276,46278,46280,46282,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293,46295,46297,46299,46302,46304],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46277,8423],{"class":141},[52,46279,145],{"class":66},[52,46281,71],{"class":70},[52,46283,46284],{"class":74},"You will be",[52,46286,71],{"class":70},[52,46288,91],{"class":66},[52,46290,45603],{"class":124},[52,46292,2407],{"class":62},[52,46294,1364],{"class":103},[52,46296,91],{"class":66},[52,46298,83],{"class":70},[52,46300,46301],{"class":74},"next year",[52,46303,71],{"class":70},[52,46305,151],{"class":66},[52,46307,46308,46310,46312],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,46309,29968],{"class":163},[52,46311,42069],{"class":3251},[52,46313,6748],{"class":66},[52,46315,46316,46318,46320,46322,46325,46327],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,46317,8423],{"class":141},[52,46319,145],{"class":66},[52,46321,71],{"class":70},[52,46323,46324],{"class":74},"Please enter a whole number.",[52,46326,71],{"class":70},[52,46328,151],{"class":66},[20,46330,46331],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46333,46334,46335,121],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[257,46336,46338],{"href":46337},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45061,46340],{},[38,46342,2022],{"id":2021},[20,46344,46345,46346,80],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46347,3308],{},[234,46349,46350,46357,46360,46363],{},[237,46351,46352,46353,261,46355],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46354,3227],{},[15,46356,3233],{},[237,46358,46359],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[237,46361,46362],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[237,46364,46365],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46367,32217],{},[43,46369,46371],{"className":45,"code":46370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46372,46373,46383,46397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46374,46375,46377,46379,46381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46376,142],{"class":141},[52,46378,145],{"class":66},[52,46380,2823],{"class":124},[52,46382,151],{"class":66},[52,46384,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393,46395],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46386,142],{"class":141},[52,46388,145],{"class":66},[52,46390,3573],{"class":3251},[52,46392,145],{"class":66},[52,46394,2823],{"class":124},[52,46396,2120],{"class":66},[52,46398,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407,46409],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46400,142],{"class":141},[52,46402,145],{"class":66},[52,46404,41922],{"class":141},[52,46406,145],{"class":66},[52,46408,2823],{"class":124},[52,46410,2120],{"class":66},[20,46412,46413,46414,46416],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46415,3308],{}," actually returned:",[234,46418,46419,46424,46429],{},[237,46420,46421,46423],{},[15,46422,41970],{}," shows the value",[237,46425,46426,46428],{},[15,46427,41976],{}," shows the data type",[237,46430,46431,46433],{},[15,46432,41981],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46435,309],{},[43,46437,46439],{"className":45,"code":46438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46440,46441,46460,46470,46484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46442,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451,46453,46456,46458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46444,2796],{"class":58},[52,46446,63],{"class":62},[52,46448,8596],{"class":141},[52,46450,145],{"class":66},[52,46452,71],{"class":70},[52,46454,46455],{"class":74},"Enter something: ",[52,46457,71],{"class":70},[52,46459,151],{"class":66},[52,46461,46462,46464,46466,46468],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46463,142],{"class":141},[52,46465,145],{"class":66},[52,46467,2823],{"class":124},[52,46469,151],{"class":66},[52,46471,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46473,142],{"class":141},[52,46475,145],{"class":66},[52,46477,3573],{"class":3251},[52,46479,145],{"class":66},[52,46481,2823],{"class":124},[52,46483,2120],{"class":66},[52,46485,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494,46496],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,46487,142],{"class":141},[52,46489,145],{"class":66},[52,46491,41922],{"class":141},[52,46493,145],{"class":66},[52,46495,2823],{"class":124},[52,46497,2120],{"class":66},[45061,46499],{},[38,46501,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,46503,2195,46505,46507],{"id":46504},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46506,3308],{}," return an integer?",[20,46509,46510,46511,46513,46514,40071],{},"No. ",[15,46512,3308],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46515,3227],{},[1335,46517,46519,46520,2221],{"id":46518},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46521,3308],{},[20,46523,46524,46525,46527],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46526,3308],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1335,46529,5511,46531,46534,46535,2221],{"id":46530},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46532,46533],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46536,3308],{},[20,46538,29194,46539,46541,46542,42298,46544,46546],{},[15,46540,3308],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46543,45851],{},[15,46545,45855],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1335,46548,46550],{"id":46549},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46552,222,46553,46555,46556,121],{},[15,46554,46115],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46557,46558],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45061,46560],{},[38,46562,2240],{"id":2239},[234,46564,46565,46570,46574,46580,46586,46590],{},[237,46566,46567],{},[257,46568,46569],{"href":46337},"How to get user input in Python",[237,46571,46572],{},[257,46573,9413],{"href":9335},[237,46575,46576],{},[257,46577,3928,46578,3861],{"href":3224},[15,46579,3227],{},[237,46581,46582],{},[257,46583,3928,46584,3861],{"href":3230},[15,46585,3233],{},[237,46587,46588],{},[257,46589,46062],{"href":46061},[237,46591,46592],{},[257,46593,3928,46595,3861],{"href":46594},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46596,46597],{},"print()",[2278,46599,46600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":46602},[46603,46604,46606,46607,46609,46615,46623,46624,46625,46634],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":45065,"depth":110,"text":46605},"What input() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":45294,"depth":110,"text":46608},"What input() returns",{"id":45497,"depth":110,"text":45498,"children":46610},[46611,46612,46614],{"id":45501,"depth":131,"text":45502},{"id":45554,"depth":131,"text":46613},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45625,"depth":131,"text":45626},{"id":45860,"depth":110,"text":45861,"children":46616},[46617,46619,46620,46622],{"id":45869,"depth":131,"text":46618},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45937,"depth":131,"text":45938},{"id":46012,"depth":131,"text":46621},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46065,"depth":131,"text":46066},{"id":46157,"depth":110,"text":46158},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":46626},[46627,46629,46631,46633],{"id":46504,"depth":131,"text":46628},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46518,"depth":131,"text":46630},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46530,"depth":131,"text":46632},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46549,"depth":131,"text":46550},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42337,"description":46635},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46642,"title":42239,"body":46643,"description":48956,"extension":2310,"meta":48957,"navigation":134,"path":48958,"seo":48959,"stem":48960,"__hash__":48961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46644,"toc":48908},[46645,46650,46655,46660,46681,46684,46686,46746,46748,46767,46772,46777,46782,46784,46797,46799,46882,46884,46925,46931,46933,46963,46969,46972,46989,46991,47043,47045,47063,47069,47075,47078,47096,47098,47171,47173,47192,47199,47205,47210,47213,47273,47275,47294,47297,47300,47315,47321,47325,47386,47388,47409,47413,47542,47544,47674,47684,47690,47696,47704,47770,47772,47797,47800,47817,47830,47836,47839,47872,47874,47887,47890,47933,47935,47943,47950,47954,47961,47965,47992,47994,48002,48008,48025,48030,48034,48061,48063,48071,48075,48080,48083,48109,48112,48121,48129,48133,48143,48147,48150,48152,48203,48205,48235,48245,48272,48274,48282,48292,48296,48299,48301,48349,48351,48395,48401,48452,48454,48473,48478,48483,48486,48505,48508,48560,48562,48571,48573,48577,48581,48584,48593,48600,48602,48629,48633,48635,48644,48647,48654,48660,48720,48724,48726,48734,48737,48763,48769,48772,48792,48794,48803,48811,48813,48819,48824,48831,48841,48847,48855,48859,48862,48864,48905],[10,46646,3928,46648,3932],{"id":46647},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46649,3227],{},[20,46651,32452,46652,46654],{},[15,46653,3227],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46656,35543,46657,46659],{},[15,46658,3227],{}," when they want to:",[234,46661,46662,46672,46675,46678],{},[237,46663,46664,46665,46668,46669],{},"turn text like ",[15,46666,46667],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46670,46671],{},"42",[237,46673,46674],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[237,46676,46677],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[237,46679,46680],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46682,46683],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[38,46685,41],{"id":40},[43,46687,46689],{"className":45,"code":46688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46690,46691,46709,46723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46692,46693,46695,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46694,142],{"class":141},[52,46696,145],{"class":66},[52,46698,2535],{"class":3251},[52,46700,145],{"class":66},[52,46702,71],{"class":70},[52,46704,46671],{"class":74},[52,46706,71],{"class":70},[52,46708,2120],{"class":66},[52,46710,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719,46721],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46712,142],{"class":141},[52,46714,145],{"class":66},[52,46716,2535],{"class":3251},[52,46718,145],{"class":66},[52,46720,42127],{"class":103},[52,46722,2120],{"class":66},[52,46724,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46738,46740,46742,46744],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46726,142],{"class":141},[52,46728,145],{"class":66},[52,46730,2535],{"class":3251},[52,46732,145],{"class":66},[52,46734,71],{"class":70},[52,46736,46737],{"class":74},"101",[52,46739,71],{"class":70},[52,46741,91],{"class":66},[52,46743,1378],{"class":103},[52,46745,2120],{"class":66},[20,46747,173],{},[43,46749,46751],{"className":45,"code":46750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46752,46753,46758,46763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46754,46755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46756,46757],{"class":103},"42\n",[52,46759,46760],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46761,46762],{"class":103},"3\n",[52,46764,46765],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46766,3297],{"class":103},[20,46768,222,46769,46771],{},[15,46770,3227],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[38,46773,4031,46775,4034],{"id":46774},"what-int-does",[15,46776,3227],{},[20,46778,46779,46781],{},[15,46780,3227],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46783,293],{},[234,46785,46786,46791,46794],{},[237,46787,46788,46789,7693],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46790,2535],{},[237,46792,46793],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[237,46795,46796],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46798,309],{},[43,46800,46802],{"className":45,"code":46801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46803,46804,46816,46830,46834,46844,46854,46868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46805,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46807,34824],{"class":58},[52,46809,63],{"class":62},[52,46811,83],{"class":70},[52,46813,9547],{"class":74},[52,46815,3710],{"class":70},[52,46817,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46819,2564],{"class":58},[52,46821,63],{"class":62},[52,46823,45421],{"class":3251},[52,46825,145],{"class":66},[52,46827,34845],{"class":124},[52,46829,151],{"class":66},[52,46831,46832],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46833,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,46835,46836,46838,46840,46842],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,46837,142],{"class":141},[52,46839,145],{"class":66},[52,46841,34845],{"class":124},[52,46843,151],{"class":66},[52,46845,46846,46848,46850,46852],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,46847,142],{"class":141},[52,46849,145],{"class":66},[52,46851,2587],{"class":124},[52,46853,151],{"class":66},[52,46855,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,46857,142],{"class":141},[52,46859,145],{"class":66},[52,46861,3573],{"class":3251},[52,46863,145],{"class":66},[52,46865,34845],{"class":124},[52,46867,2120],{"class":66},[52,46869,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,46871,142],{"class":141},[52,46873,145],{"class":66},[52,46875,3573],{"class":3251},[52,46877,145],{"class":66},[52,46879,2587],{"class":124},[52,46881,2120],{"class":66},[20,46883,173],{},[43,46885,46887],{"className":45,"code":46886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46888,46889,46893,46897,46911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46890,46891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46892,3059],{"class":103},[52,46894,46895],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46896,3059],{"class":103},[52,46898,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46900,3642],{"class":62},[52,46902,3645],{"class":2413},[52,46904,195],{"class":70},[52,46906,3795],{"class":74},[52,46908,186],{"class":70},[52,46910,3654],{"class":62},[52,46912,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,46914,3642],{"class":62},[52,46916,3645],{"class":2413},[52,46918,195],{"class":70},[52,46920,2535],{"class":74},[52,46922,186],{"class":70},[52,46924,3654],{"class":62},[20,46926,46927,46928,46930],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46929,3227],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[38,46932,269],{"id":268},[43,46934,46936],{"className":45,"code":46935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46937,46938,46948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46939,46940,46942,46944,46946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46941,2535],{"class":3251},[52,46943,145],{"class":66},[52,46945,1357],{"class":124},[52,46947,151],{"class":66},[52,46949,46950,46952,46954,46956,46958,46961],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,46951,2535],{"class":3251},[52,46953,145],{"class":66},[52,46955,1357],{"class":124},[52,46957,91],{"class":66},[52,46959,46960],{"class":124}," base",[52,46962,151],{"class":66},[1335,46964,46966],{"id":46965},"intx",[15,46967,46968],{},"int(x)",[20,46970,46971],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[234,46973,46974,46979,46984],{},[237,46975,46976,46977],{},"a string such as ",[15,46978,42269],{},[237,46980,46981,46982],{},"a float such as ",[15,46983,42127],{},[237,46985,46986,46987],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46988,1048],{},[20,46990,309],{},[43,46992,46994],{"className":45,"code":46993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46995,46996,47014,47029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46997,46998,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46999,142],{"class":141},[52,47001,145],{"class":66},[52,47003,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47005,145],{"class":66},[52,47007,71],{"class":70},[52,47009,2679],{"class":74},[52,47011,71],{"class":70},[52,47013,2120],{"class":66},[52,47015,47016,47018,47020,47022,47024,47027],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47017,142],{"class":141},[52,47019,145],{"class":66},[52,47021,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47023,145],{"class":66},[52,47025,47026],{"class":103},"8.7",[52,47028,2120],{"class":66},[52,47030,47031,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47032,142],{"class":141},[52,47034,145],{"class":66},[52,47036,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47038,145],{"class":66},[52,47040,1048],{"class":218},[52,47042,2120],{"class":66},[20,47044,173],{},[43,47046,47048],{"className":45,"code":47047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47049,47050,47054,47058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47051,47052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47053,2725],{"class":103},[52,47055,47056],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47057,2730],{"class":103},[52,47059,47060],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47061,47062],{"class":103},"1\n",[1335,47064,47066],{"id":47065},"intx-base",[15,47067,47068],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47070,47071,47072,47074],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47073,1357],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47076,47077],{},"Common bases:",[234,47079,47080,47085,47090],{},[237,47081,47082,47084],{},[15,47083,2404],{}," for binary",[237,47086,47087,47089],{},[15,47088,2694],{}," for octal",[237,47091,47092,47095],{},[15,47093,47094],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47097,309],{},[43,47099,47101],{"className":45,"code":47100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47102,47103,47125,47148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47104,47105,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47106,142],{"class":141},[52,47108,145],{"class":66},[52,47110,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47112,145],{"class":66},[52,47114,71],{"class":70},[52,47116,46737],{"class":74},[52,47118,71],{"class":70},[52,47120,91],{"class":66},[52,47122,1378],{"class":103},[52,47124,2120],{"class":66},[52,47126,47127,47129,47131,47133,47135,47137,47140,47142,47144,47146],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47128,142],{"class":141},[52,47130,145],{"class":66},[52,47132,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47134,145],{"class":66},[52,47136,71],{"class":70},[52,47138,47139],{"class":74},"17",[52,47141,71],{"class":70},[52,47143,91],{"class":66},[52,47145,6714],{"class":103},[52,47147,2120],{"class":66},[52,47149,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160,47163,47165,47167,47169],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47151,142],{"class":141},[52,47153,145],{"class":66},[52,47155,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47157,145],{"class":66},[52,47159,71],{"class":70},[52,47161,47162],{"class":74},"1A",[52,47164,71],{"class":70},[52,47166,91],{"class":66},[52,47168,1260],{"class":103},[52,47170,2120],{"class":66},[20,47172,173],{},[43,47174,47176],{"className":45,"code":47175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47177,47178,47182,47187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47179,47180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47181,3297],{"class":103},[52,47183,47184],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47185,47186],{"class":103},"15\n",[52,47188,47189],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47190,47191],{"class":103},"26\n",[20,47193,47194,47195,121],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[257,47196,47197,2651],{"href":3230},[15,47198,3233],{},[38,47200,1326,47202,47204],{"id":47201},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47203,3227],{}," with strings",[20,47206,47207,47209],{},[15,47208,3227],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47211,47212],{},"Examples that work:",[43,47214,47216],{"className":45,"code":47215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47217,47218,47236,47254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47219,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47221,142],{"class":141},[52,47223,145],{"class":66},[52,47225,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47227,145],{"class":66},[52,47229,71],{"class":70},[52,47231,2484],{"class":74},[52,47233,71],{"class":70},[52,47235,2120],{"class":66},[52,47237,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47239,142],{"class":141},[52,47241,145],{"class":66},[52,47243,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47245,145],{"class":66},[52,47247,71],{"class":70},[52,47249,2640],{"class":74},[52,47251,71],{"class":70},[52,47253,2120],{"class":66},[52,47255,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47269,47271],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47257,142],{"class":141},[52,47259,145],{"class":66},[52,47261,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47263,145],{"class":66},[52,47265,71],{"class":70},[52,47267,47268],{"class":74},"  42  ",[52,47270,71],{"class":70},[52,47272,2120],{"class":66},[20,47274,173],{},[43,47276,47278],{"className":45,"code":47277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47279,47280,47284,47290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47281,47282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47283,3297],{"class":103},[52,47285,47286,47288],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47287,2369],{"class":62},[52,47289,2572],{"class":103},[52,47291,47292],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47293,46757],{"class":103},[20,47295,47296],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47298,47299],{},"Examples that fail:",[43,47301,47303],{"className":45,"code":47302,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47304,47305,47310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47306,47307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47308,47309],{"class":4017},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[52,47311,47312],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47313,47314],{"class":4017},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47316,47317,47318,47320],{},"These raise ",[15,47319,40846],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1335,47322,47324],{"id":47323},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[43,47326,47328],{"className":45,"code":47327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47329,47330,47348,47367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47331,47332,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47333,142],{"class":141},[52,47335,145],{"class":66},[52,47337,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47339,145],{"class":66},[52,47341,71],{"class":70},[52,47343,2467],{"class":74},[52,47345,71],{"class":70},[52,47347,2120],{"class":66},[52,47349,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47363,47365],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47351,142],{"class":141},[52,47353,145],{"class":66},[52,47355,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47357,145],{"class":66},[52,47359,71],{"class":70},[52,47361,47362],{"class":74},"+7",[52,47364,71],{"class":70},[52,47366,2120],{"class":66},[52,47368,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47382,47384],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47370,142],{"class":141},[52,47372,145],{"class":66},[52,47374,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47376,145],{"class":66},[52,47378,71],{"class":70},[52,47380,47381],{"class":74},"-100",[52,47383,71],{"class":70},[52,47385,2120],{"class":66},[20,47387,173],{},[43,47389,47391],{"className":45,"code":47390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47392,47393,47398,47402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47394,47395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47396,47397],{"class":103},"0\n",[52,47399,47400],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47401,2428],{"class":103},[52,47403,47404,47406],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47405,2369],{"class":62},[52,47407,47408],{"class":103},"100\n",[1335,47410,47412],{"id":47411},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[43,47414,47416],{"className":45,"code":47415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47417,47418,47456,47460,47472,47479,47494,47509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47419,47420,47422,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47452,47454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47421,4178],{"class":58},[52,47423,63],{"class":62},[52,47425,755],{"class":66},[52,47427,71],{"class":70},[52,47429,40285],{"class":74},[52,47431,71],{"class":70},[52,47433,91],{"class":66},[52,47435,83],{"class":70},[52,47437,47438],{"class":74},"12abc",[52,47440,71],{"class":70},[52,47442,91],{"class":66},[52,47444,6480],{"class":70},[52,47446,91],{"class":66},[52,47448,83],{"class":70},[52,47450,47451],{"class":74},"seven",[52,47453,71],{"class":70},[52,47455,766],{"class":66},[52,47457,47458],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,47461,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47463,6312],{"class":163},[52,47465,21714],{"class":58},[52,47467,4238],{"class":163},[52,47469,4241],{"class":58},[52,47471,6748],{"class":66},[52,47473,47474,47477],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,47475,47476],{"class":163},"    try",[52,47478,6748],{"class":66},[52,47480,47481,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,47482,47483],{"class":141},"        print",[52,47485,145],{"class":66},[52,47487,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47489,145],{"class":66},[52,47491,2823],{"class":124},[52,47493,2120],{"class":66},[52,47495,47496,47499,47501,47504,47507],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,47497,47498],{"class":163},"    except",[52,47500,42069],{"class":3251},[52,47502,47503],{"class":163}," as",[52,47505,47506],{"class":58}," error",[52,47508,6748],{"class":66},[52,47510,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47526,47528,47531,47533,47536,47538,47540],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,47512,47483],{"class":141},[52,47514,145],{"class":66},[52,47516,22424],{"class":2413},[52,47518,71],{"class":74},[52,47520,183],{"class":103},[52,47522,2823],{"class":124},[52,47524,47525],{"class":2413},"!r",[52,47527,22433],{"class":103},[52,47529,47530],{"class":74}," -> ",[52,47532,183],{"class":103},[52,47534,47535],{"class":124},"error",[52,47537,22433],{"class":103},[52,47539,71],{"class":74},[52,47541,151],{"class":66},[20,47543,173],{},[43,47545,47547],{"className":45,"code":47546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47548,47549,47585,47617,47642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47550,47551,47553,47555,47557,47560,47563,47565,47567,47569,47572,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47552,186],{"class":43472},[52,47554,40285],{"class":43476},[52,47556,186],{"class":43472},[52,47558,47559],{"class":37507}," ->",[52,47561,47562],{"class":58}," invalid literal ",[52,47564,6312],{"class":163},[52,47566,45421],{"class":3251},[52,47568,7719],{"class":66},[52,47570,47571],{"class":163}," with",[52,47573,47574],{"class":58}," base ",[52,47576,2679],{"class":103},[52,47578,80],{"class":66},[52,47580,195],{"class":70},[52,47582,40285],{"class":74},[52,47584,29833],{"class":70},[52,47586,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47588,186],{"class":70},[52,47590,47438],{"class":74},[52,47592,186],{"class":70},[52,47594,47559],{"class":37507},[52,47596,47562],{"class":58},[52,47598,6312],{"class":163},[52,47600,45421],{"class":3251},[52,47602,7719],{"class":66},[52,47604,47571],{"class":163},[52,47606,47574],{"class":58},[52,47608,2679],{"class":103},[52,47610,80],{"class":66},[52,47612,195],{"class":70},[52,47614,47438],{"class":74},[52,47616,29833],{"class":70},[52,47618,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47620,4128],{"class":70},[52,47622,47559],{"class":37507},[52,47624,47562],{"class":58},[52,47626,6312],{"class":163},[52,47628,45421],{"class":3251},[52,47630,7719],{"class":66},[52,47632,47571],{"class":163},[52,47634,47574],{"class":58},[52,47636,2679],{"class":103},[52,47638,80],{"class":66},[52,47640,47641],{"class":70}," ''\n",[52,47643,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,47645,186],{"class":70},[52,47647,47451],{"class":74},[52,47649,186],{"class":70},[52,47651,47559],{"class":37507},[52,47653,47562],{"class":58},[52,47655,6312],{"class":163},[52,47657,45421],{"class":3251},[52,47659,7719],{"class":66},[52,47661,47571],{"class":163},[52,47663,47574],{"class":58},[52,47665,2679],{"class":103},[52,47667,80],{"class":66},[52,47669,195],{"class":70},[52,47671,47451],{"class":74},[52,47673,29833],{"class":70},[20,47675,47676,47677,47679,47680,121],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[257,47678,9336],{"href":9335}," and the ",[257,47681,47682,2651],{"href":8573},[15,47683,3308],{},[38,47685,1326,47687,47689],{"id":47686},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47688,3227],{}," with floats",[20,47691,47692,47693,47695],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47694,3227],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47697,47698,47699,1329,47701,47703],{},"Important: ",[15,47700,3227],{},[33,47702,1332],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[43,47705,47707],{"className":45,"code":47706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47708,47709,47723,47738,47754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47710,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47712,142],{"class":141},[52,47714,145],{"class":66},[52,47716,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47718,145],{"class":66},[52,47720,42127],{"class":103},[52,47722,2120],{"class":66},[52,47724,47725,47727,47729,47731,47733,47736],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47726,142],{"class":141},[52,47728,145],{"class":66},[52,47730,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47732,145],{"class":66},[52,47734,47735],{"class":103},"3.1",[52,47737,2120],{"class":66},[52,47739,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47741,142],{"class":141},[52,47743,145],{"class":66},[52,47745,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47747,145],{"class":66},[52,47749,2369],{"class":62},[52,47751,42127],{"class":103},[52,47753,2120],{"class":66},[52,47755,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,47757,142],{"class":141},[52,47759,145],{"class":66},[52,47761,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47763,145],{"class":66},[52,47765,2369],{"class":62},[52,47767,47735],{"class":103},[52,47769,2120],{"class":66},[20,47771,173],{},[43,47773,47775],{"className":45,"code":47774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47776,47777,47781,47785,47791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47778,47779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47780,46762],{"class":103},[52,47782,47783],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47784,46762],{"class":103},[52,47786,47787,47789],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47788,2369],{"class":62},[52,47790,46762],{"class":103},[52,47792,47793,47795],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,47794,2369],{"class":62},[52,47796,46762],{"class":103},[20,47798,47799],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[234,47801,47802,47809],{},[237,47803,47804,42298,47807],{},[15,47805,47806],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47808,2410],{},[237,47810,47811,42298,47814],{},[15,47812,47813],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47815,47816],{},"-3",[20,47818,47819,47820,47824,47825,121],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[257,47821,47822],{"href":3230},[15,47823,3233],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[257,47826,47827],{"href":42318},[15,47828,47829],{},"str()",[38,47831,1326,47833,47835],{"id":47832},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47834,3227],{}," with booleans",[20,47837,47838],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[43,47840,47842],{"className":45,"code":47841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47843,47844,47858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47845,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47847,142],{"class":141},[52,47849,145],{"class":66},[52,47851,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47853,145],{"class":66},[52,47855,1048],{"class":218},[52,47857,2120],{"class":66},[52,47859,47860,47862,47864,47866,47868,47870],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47861,142],{"class":141},[52,47863,145],{"class":66},[52,47865,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47867,145],{"class":66},[52,47869,1039],{"class":218},[52,47871,2120],{"class":66},[20,47873,173],{},[43,47875,47877],{"className":45,"code":47876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n0\n",[15,47878,47879,47883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47880,47881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47882,47062],{"class":103},[52,47884,47885],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47886,47397],{"class":103},[20,47888,47889],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[43,47891,47893],{"className":45,"code":47892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47894,47895,47904,47919,47923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47896,47897,47900,47902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47898,47899],{"class":58},"passed ",[52,47901,63],{"class":62},[52,47903,6777],{"class":218},[52,47905,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914,47917],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,47907,41325],{"class":58},[52,47909,63],{"class":62},[52,47911,45421],{"class":3251},[52,47913,145],{"class":66},[52,47915,47916],{"class":124},"passed",[52,47918,151],{"class":66},[52,47920,47921],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47922,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,47924,47925,47927,47929,47931],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,47926,142],{"class":141},[52,47928,145],{"class":66},[52,47930,41354],{"class":124},[52,47932,151],{"class":66},[20,47934,173],{},[43,47936,47937],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47938,47939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47940,47941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47942,47062],{"class":103},[20,47944,47945,47946,121],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[257,47947,47948,2651],{"href":6134},[15,47949,4168],{},[38,47951,47953],{"id":47952},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47955,47956,47957,47960],{},"Use the ",[15,47958,47959],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1335,47962,47964],{"id":47963},"binary-example","Binary example",[43,47966,47968],{"className":45,"code":47967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47969,47970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47971,47972,47974,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47973,142],{"class":141},[52,47975,145],{"class":66},[52,47977,2535],{"class":3251},[52,47979,145],{"class":66},[52,47981,71],{"class":70},[52,47983,46737],{"class":74},[52,47985,71],{"class":70},[52,47987,91],{"class":66},[52,47989,1378],{"class":103},[52,47991,2120],{"class":66},[20,47993,173],{},[43,47995,47996],{"className":45,"code":3297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47997,47998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47999,48000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48001,3297],{"class":103},[20,48003,48004,48007],{},[15,48005,48006],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[234,48009,48010,48015,48020],{},[237,48011,48012],{},[15,48013,48014],{},"1 × 4",[237,48016,48017],{},[15,48018,48019],{},"0 × 2",[237,48021,48022],{},[15,48023,48024],{},"1 × 1",[20,48026,48027,48028,121],{},"So the result is ",[15,48029,2484],{},[1335,48031,48033],{"id":48032},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[43,48035,48037],{"className":45,"code":48036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48038,48039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48040,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053,48055,48057,48059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48042,142],{"class":141},[52,48044,145],{"class":66},[52,48046,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48048,145],{"class":66},[52,48050,71],{"class":70},[52,48052,47162],{"class":74},[52,48054,71],{"class":70},[52,48056,91],{"class":66},[52,48058,1260],{"class":103},[52,48060,2120],{"class":66},[20,48062,173],{},[43,48064,48065],{"className":45,"code":47191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48066,48067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48068,48069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48070,47191],{"class":103},[1335,48072,48074],{"id":48073},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48076,2327,48077,48079],{},[15,48078,47959],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48081,48082],{},"Good:",[43,48084,48085],{"className":45,"code":47967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48086,48087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48088,48089,48091,48093,48095,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48090,142],{"class":141},[52,48092,145],{"class":66},[52,48094,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48096,145],{"class":66},[52,48098,71],{"class":70},[52,48100,46737],{"class":74},[52,48102,71],{"class":70},[52,48104,91],{"class":66},[52,48106,1378],{"class":103},[52,48108,2120],{"class":66},[20,48110,48111],{},"Not correct:",[43,48113,48115],{"className":45,"code":48114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48116,48117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48118,48119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48120,48114],{"class":4017},[20,48122,48123,48124,8956,48126,48128],{},"That causes a ",[15,48125,3355],{},[15,48127,47959],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[38,48130,48132],{"id":48131},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48134,48135,48136,48138,48139,2218,48141,121],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48137,3227],{}," are ",[15,48140,40846],{},[15,48142,3355],{},[1335,48144,48145],{"id":41656},[15,48146,40846],{},[20,48148,48149],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48151,309],{},[43,48153,48155],{"className":45,"code":48154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48156,48157,48163,48181,48193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48158,48159,48161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48160,29937],{"class":163},[52,48162,6748],{"class":66},[52,48164,48165,48167,48169,48171,48173,48175,48177,48179],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,48166,8423],{"class":141},[52,48168,145],{"class":66},[52,48170,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48172,145],{"class":66},[52,48174,71],{"class":70},[52,48176,40285],{"class":74},[52,48178,71],{"class":70},[52,48180,2120],{"class":66},[52,48182,48183,48185,48187,48189,48191],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48184,29968],{"class":163},[52,48186,42069],{"class":3251},[52,48188,47503],{"class":163},[52,48190,47506],{"class":58},[52,48192,6748],{"class":66},[52,48194,48195,48197,48199,48201],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,48196,8423],{"class":141},[52,48198,145],{"class":66},[52,48200,47535],{"class":124},[52,48202,151],{"class":66},[20,48204,173],{},[43,48206,48208],{"className":45,"code":48207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48209,48210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48211,48212,48215,48217,48219,48221,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231,48233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48213,48214],{"class":58},"invalid literal ",[52,48216,6312],{"class":163},[52,48218,45421],{"class":3251},[52,48220,7719],{"class":66},[52,48222,47571],{"class":163},[52,48224,47574],{"class":58},[52,48226,2679],{"class":103},[52,48228,80],{"class":66},[52,48230,195],{"class":70},[52,48232,40285],{"class":74},[52,48234,29833],{"class":70},[20,48236,48237,48238,48241,48242,48244],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48239,48240],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48243,3227],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[43,48246,48248],{"className":45,"code":48247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48249,48250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48251,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48253,142],{"class":141},[52,48255,145],{"class":66},[52,48257,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48259,145],{"class":66},[52,48261,2539],{"class":3251},[52,48263,145],{"class":66},[52,48265,71],{"class":70},[52,48267,40285],{"class":74},[52,48269,71],{"class":70},[52,48271,3262],{"class":66},[20,48273,173],{},[43,48275,48276],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48277,48278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48279,48280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48281,46762],{"class":103},[20,48283,48284,48285,2218,48288,121],{},"If you see this often, read ",[257,48286,48287],{"href":3312},"how to convert string to int in Python",[257,48289,25811,48290],{"href":46061},[15,48291,46062],{},[1335,48293,48294],{"id":41722},[15,48295,3355],{},[20,48297,48298],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48300,309],{},[43,48302,48304],{"className":45,"code":48303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48305,48306,48312,48326,48339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48307,48308,48310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48309,29937],{"class":163},[52,48311,6748],{"class":66},[52,48313,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48324],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,48315,8423],{"class":141},[52,48317,145],{"class":66},[52,48319,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48321,145],{"class":66},[52,48323,4133],{"class":218},[52,48325,2120],{"class":66},[52,48327,48328,48330,48333,48335,48337],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48329,29968],{"class":163},[52,48331,48332],{"class":3251}," TypeError",[52,48334,47503],{"class":163},[52,48336,47506],{"class":58},[52,48338,6748],{"class":66},[52,48340,48341,48343,48345,48347],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,48342,8423],{"class":141},[52,48344,145],{"class":66},[52,48346,47535],{"class":124},[52,48348,151],{"class":66},[20,48350,173],{},[43,48352,48354],{"className":45,"code":48353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48355,48356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48357,48358,48360,48362,48365,48367,48369,48372,48374,48377,48379,48382,48384,48386,48388,48390,48393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48359,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48361,7719],{"class":66},[52,48363,48364],{"class":58}," argument must be a string",[52,48366,91],{"class":66},[52,48368,44689],{"class":58},[52,48370,48371],{"class":3251},"bytes",[52,48373,2369],{"class":62},[52,48375,48376],{"class":58},"like ",[52,48378,42542],{"class":3251},[52,48380,48381],{"class":62}," or",[52,48383,40982],{"class":58},[52,48385,91],{"class":66},[52,48387,8453],{"class":62},[52,48389,195],{"class":70},[52,48391,48392],{"class":74},"NoneType",[52,48394,29833],{"class":70},[20,48396,48397,48398,48400],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48399,47959],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[43,48402,48404],{"className":45,"code":48403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48405,48406,48412,48430,48442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48407,48408,48410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48409,29937],{"class":163},[52,48411,6748],{"class":66},[52,48413,48414,48416,48418,48420,48422,48424,48426,48428],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,48415,8423],{"class":141},[52,48417,145],{"class":66},[52,48419,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48421,145],{"class":66},[52,48423,46737],{"class":103},[52,48425,91],{"class":66},[52,48427,1378],{"class":103},[52,48429,2120],{"class":66},[52,48431,48432,48434,48436,48438,48440],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48433,29968],{"class":163},[52,48435,48332],{"class":3251},[52,48437,47503],{"class":163},[52,48439,47506],{"class":58},[52,48441,6748],{"class":66},[52,48443,48444,48446,48448,48450],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,48445,8423],{"class":141},[52,48447,145],{"class":66},[52,48449,47535],{"class":124},[52,48451,151],{"class":66},[20,48453,173],{},[43,48455,48457],{"className":45,"code":48456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48458,48459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48460,48461,48463,48465,48468,48470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48462,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48464,7719],{"class":66},[52,48466,48467],{"class":58}," can",[52,48469,186],{"class":70},[52,48471,48472],{"class":74},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[38,48474,1063,48476],{"id":48475},"when-to-use-int",[15,48477,3227],{},[20,48479,222,48480,48482],{},[15,48481,3227],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48484,48485],{},"Common uses:",[234,48487,48488,48494,48497,48500],{},[237,48489,48490,48491,48493],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48492,3308],{}," into integers",[237,48495,48496],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[237,48498,48499],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[237,48501,48502,48503,36755],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48504,47959],{},[20,48506,48507],{},"Example with user input:",[43,48509,48511],{"className":45,"code":48510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48512,48513,48527,48542,48546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48514,48515,48518,48520,48522,48525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48516,48517],{"class":58},"age_text ",[52,48519,63],{"class":62},[52,48521,83],{"class":70},[52,48523,48524],{"class":74},"18",[52,48526,3710],{"class":70},[52,48528,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537,48540],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,48530,21758],{"class":58},[52,48532,63],{"class":62},[52,48534,45421],{"class":3251},[52,48536,145],{"class":66},[52,48538,48539],{"class":124},"age_text",[52,48541,151],{"class":66},[52,48543,48544],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48545,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,48547,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556,48558],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,48549,142],{"class":141},[52,48551,145],{"class":66},[52,48553,21758],{"class":124},[52,48555,2407],{"class":62},[52,48557,1364],{"class":103},[52,48559,151],{"class":66},[20,48561,173],{},[43,48563,48565],{"className":45,"code":48564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19\n",[15,48566,48567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48568,48569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48570,48564],{"class":103},[38,48572,2022],{"id":2021},[20,48574,2025,48575,121],{},[15,48576,3227],{},[1335,48578,48580],{"id":48579},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48582,48583],{},"This fails:",[43,48585,48587],{"className":45,"code":48586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48588,48589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48590,48591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48592,48586],{"class":4017},[20,48594,48595,48596,48599],{},"Why: ",[15,48597,48598],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48601,18969],{},[43,48603,48605],{"className":45,"code":48604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48606,48607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48608,48609,48611,48613,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48610,142],{"class":141},[52,48612,145],{"class":66},[52,48614,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48616,145],{"class":66},[52,48618,2539],{"class":3251},[52,48620,145],{"class":66},[52,48622,71],{"class":70},[52,48624,41266],{"class":74},[52,48626,71],{"class":70},[52,48628,3262],{"class":66},[1335,48630,48632],{"id":48631},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48634,48583],{},[43,48636,48638],{"className":45,"code":48637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48639,48640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48641,48642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48643,48637],{"class":4017},[20,48645,48646],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1335,48648,48650,48651],{"id":48649},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48652,48653],{},"int(None)",[20,48655,48656,48657,48659],{},"This fails because ",[15,48658,4133],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[43,48661,48663],{"className":45,"code":48662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48664,48665,48674,48678,48684,48698,48710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48666,48667,48669,48671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48668,2796],{"class":58},[52,48670,63],{"class":62},[52,48672,48673],{"class":218}," None\n",[52,48675,48676],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,48677,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,48679,48680,48682],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48681,29937],{"class":163},[52,48683,6748],{"class":66},[52,48685,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,48687,8423],{"class":141},[52,48689,145],{"class":66},[52,48691,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48693,145],{"class":66},[52,48695,2823],{"class":124},[52,48697,2120],{"class":66},[52,48699,48700,48702,48704,48706,48708],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,48701,29968],{"class":163},[52,48703,48332],{"class":3251},[52,48705,47503],{"class":163},[52,48707,47506],{"class":58},[52,48709,6748],{"class":66},[52,48711,48712,48714,48716,48718],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,48713,8423],{"class":141},[52,48715,145],{"class":66},[52,48717,47535],{"class":124},[52,48719,151],{"class":66},[1335,48721,48723],{"id":48722},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48725,48583],{},[43,48727,48728],{"className":45,"code":48114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48729,48730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48731,48732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48733,48114],{"class":4017},[20,48735,48736],{},"Use a string instead:",[43,48738,48739],{"className":45,"code":47967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48740,48741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48742,48743,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48744,142],{"class":141},[52,48746,145],{"class":66},[52,48748,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48750,145],{"class":66},[52,48752,71],{"class":70},[52,48754,46737],{"class":74},[52,48756,71],{"class":70},[52,48758,91],{"class":66},[52,48760,1378],{"class":103},[52,48762,2120],{"class":66},[1335,48764,8807,48766,48768],{"id":48765},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48767,3227],{}," to round",[20,48770,48771],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[43,48773,48775],{"className":45,"code":48774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48776,48777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48778,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787,48790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48780,142],{"class":141},[52,48782,145],{"class":66},[52,48784,2535],{"class":3251},[52,48786,145],{"class":66},[52,48788,48789],{"class":103},"4.9",[52,48791,2120],{"class":66},[20,48793,173],{},[43,48795,48797],{"className":45,"code":48796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n",[15,48798,48799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48800,48801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48802,48796],{"class":103},[20,48804,3520,48805,48807,48808,48810],{},[15,48806,2484],{},", remember that ",[15,48809,3227],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[38,48812,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,48814,2195,48816,48818],{"id":48815},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48817,3227],{}," round numbers?",[20,48820,46510,48821,48823],{},[15,48822,3227],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1335,48825,5511,48827,48830],{"id":48826},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48828,48829],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48832,29194,48833,48835,48836,48838,48839,40071],{},[15,48834,48240],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48837,3233],{}," first, then use ",[15,48840,3227],{},[1335,48842,5495,48844,13040],{"id":48843},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48845,48846],{},"int(True)",[20,48848,5501,48849,28446,48851,42298,48853,121],{},[15,48850,3339],{},[15,48852,1039],{},[15,48854,2467],{},[1335,48856,48858],{"id":48857},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48860,48861],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[38,48863,2240],{"id":2239},[234,48865,48866,48872,48878,48884,48889,48893,48899],{},[237,48867,48868],{},[257,48869,48870,3861],{"href":3230},[15,48871,3233],{},[237,48873,48874],{},[257,48875,48876,3861],{"href":42318},[15,48877,47829],{},[237,48879,48880],{},[257,48881,48882,3861],{"href":6134},[15,48883,4168],{},[237,48885,48886],{},[257,48887,48888],{"href":3312},"How to convert string to int in Python",[237,48890,48891],{},[257,48892,9413],{"href":9335},[237,48894,48895],{},[257,48896,48897,3861],{"href":8573},[15,48898,3308],{},[237,48900,48901],{},[257,48902,30481,48903],{"href":46061},[15,48904,46062],{},[2278,48906,48907],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":48909},[48910,48911,48913,48917,48922,48924,48926,48931,48935,48937,48946,48955],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":46774,"depth":110,"text":48912},"What int() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":48914},[48915,48916],{"id":46965,"depth":131,"text":46968},{"id":47065,"depth":131,"text":47068},{"id":47201,"depth":110,"text":48918,"children":48919},"Using int() with strings",[48920,48921],{"id":47323,"depth":131,"text":47324},{"id":47411,"depth":131,"text":47412},{"id":47686,"depth":110,"text":48923},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47832,"depth":110,"text":48925},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47952,"depth":110,"text":47953,"children":48927},[48928,48929,48930],{"id":47963,"depth":131,"text":47964},{"id":48032,"depth":131,"text":48033},{"id":48073,"depth":131,"text":48074},{"id":48131,"depth":110,"text":48132,"children":48932},[48933,48934],{"id":41656,"depth":131,"text":40846},{"id":41722,"depth":131,"text":3355},{"id":48475,"depth":110,"text":48936},"When to use int()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":48938},[48939,48940,48941,48943,48944],{"id":48579,"depth":131,"text":48580},{"id":48631,"depth":131,"text":48632},{"id":48649,"depth":131,"text":48942},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48722,"depth":131,"text":48723},{"id":48765,"depth":131,"text":48945},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":48947},[48948,48950,48952,48954],{"id":48815,"depth":131,"text":48949},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48826,"depth":131,"text":48951},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48843,"depth":131,"text":48953},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48857,"depth":131,"text":48858},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42239,"description":48956},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48963,"title":48964,"body":48965,"description":50801,"extension":2310,"meta":50802,"navigation":134,"path":44947,"seo":50803,"stem":50804,"__hash__":50805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48966,"toc":50757},[48967,48972,48977,48985,48994,48996,49055,49061,49066,49071,49074,49102,49105,49108,49119,49129,49131,49133,49153,49157,49185,49187,49226,49228,49236,49238,49241,49245,49298,49300,49312,49316,49373,49375,49387,49393,49399,49403,49406,49409,49475,49477,49489,49495,49497,49549,49552,49593,49596,49603,49612,49618,49621,49654,49660,49663,49694,49700,49703,49715,49719,49724,49728,49886,49888,49903,49906,49910,50014,50016,50033,50037,50098,50100,50108,50111,50115,50182,50184,50193,50199,50201,50210,50212,50247,50252,50254,50284,50288,50290,50327,50330,50332,50369,50375,50377,50427,50429,50437,50447,50453,50457,50462,50511,50513,50526,50529,50531,50534,50609,50612,50631,50634,50664,50674,50676,50681,50688,50694,50700,50707,50715,50721,50724,50726,50754],[10,48968,3928,48970,3932],{"id":48969},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48971,44950],{},[20,48973,48974,48976],{},[15,48975,44950],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48978,48979,48980,261,48982,48984],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48981,1048],{},[15,48983,1039],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48986,48987,48988,48990,48991,48993],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48989,44950],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48992,2650],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[38,48995,3961],{"id":3960},[43,48997,48999],{"className":45,"code":48998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49000,49001,49009,49013,49034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49002,49003,49005,49007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49004,2796],{"class":58},[52,49006,63],{"class":62},[52,49008,1883],{"class":103},[52,49010,49011],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49012,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49014,49015,49017,49019,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49016,142],{"class":141},[52,49018,145],{"class":66},[52,49020,49021],{"class":141},"isinstance",[52,49023,145],{"class":66},[52,49025,2823],{"class":124},[52,49027,91],{"class":66},[52,49029,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49031,5715],{"class":66},[52,49033,43999],{"class":4017},[52,49035,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048,49051,49053],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49037,142],{"class":141},[52,49039,145],{"class":66},[52,49041,49021],{"class":141},[52,49043,145],{"class":66},[52,49045,2823],{"class":124},[52,49047,91],{"class":66},[52,49049,49050],{"class":3251}," str",[52,49052,5715],{"class":66},[52,49054,44016],{"class":4017},[20,49056,222,49057,49060],{},[15,49058,49059],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[38,49062,4031,49064,4034],{"id":49063},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49065,44950],{},[20,49067,49068,49070],{},[15,49069,44950],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49072,49073],{},"It:",[234,49075,49076,49079,49085,49088],{},[237,49077,49078],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[237,49080,11763,49081,261,49083],{},[15,49082,1048],{},[15,49084,1039],{},[237,49086,49087],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[237,49089,49090,49091,2536,49093,2536,49095,2536,49097,17199,49100],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49092,3795],{},[15,49094,2535],{},[15,49096,8448],{},[15,49098,49099],{},"tuple",[15,49101,9176],{},[20,49103,49104],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49106,49107],{},"For example, you might want to:",[234,49109,49110,49113,49116],{},[237,49111,49112],{},"loop through a list",[237,49114,49115],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[237,49117,49118],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49120,49121,49122,261,49125,121],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[257,49123,44942],{"href":49124},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[257,49126,49128],{"href":49127},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[38,49130,269],{"id":268},[20,49132,2507],{},[43,49134,49136],{"className":45,"code":49135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49137,49138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49139,49140,49142,49144,49146,49148,49151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49141,49021],{"class":141},[52,49143,145],{"class":66},[52,49145,42542],{"class":3251},[52,49147,91],{"class":66},[52,49149,49150],{"class":124}," classinfo",[52,49152,151],{"class":66},[1335,49154,49156],{"id":49155},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[234,49158,49159,49164,49178],{},[237,49160,49161,49163],{},[15,49162,42542],{}," is the value you want to test",[237,49165,49166,49169,49170,2536,49172,2536,49174,2540,49176],{},[15,49167,49168],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49171,2535],{},[15,49173,3795],{},[15,49175,8448],{},[15,49177,9176],{},[237,49179,49180,49181,261,49183],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49182,1048],{},[15,49184,1039],{},[20,49186,309],{},[43,49188,49190],{"className":45,"code":49189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49191,49192,49204,49208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49193,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49195,8230],{"class":58},[52,49197,63],{"class":62},[52,49199,83],{"class":70},[52,49201,11844],{"class":74},[52,49203,3710],{"class":70},[52,49205,49206],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49207,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49209,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49211,142],{"class":141},[52,49213,145],{"class":66},[52,49215,49021],{"class":141},[52,49217,145],{"class":66},[52,49219,75],{"class":124},[52,49221,91],{"class":66},[52,49223,49050],{"class":3251},[52,49225,2120],{"class":66},[20,49227,173],{},[43,49229,49230],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49231,49232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49233,49234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49235,1025],{"class":218},[38,49237,438],{"id":437},[20,49239,49240],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1335,49242,49244],{"id":49243},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[43,49246,49248],{"className":45,"code":49247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49249,49250,49258,49262,49280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49251,49252,49254,49256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49253,2796],{"class":58},[52,49255,63],{"class":62},[52,49257,45370],{"class":103},[52,49259,49260],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49261,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49263,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49265,142],{"class":141},[52,49267,145],{"class":66},[52,49269,49021],{"class":141},[52,49271,145],{"class":66},[52,49273,2823],{"class":124},[52,49275,91],{"class":66},[52,49277,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49279,2120],{"class":66},[52,49281,49282,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49283,142],{"class":141},[52,49285,145],{"class":66},[52,49287,49021],{"class":141},[52,49289,145],{"class":66},[52,49291,2823],{"class":124},[52,49293,91],{"class":66},[52,49295,49050],{"class":3251},[52,49297,2120],{"class":66},[20,49299,173],{},[43,49301,49302],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49303,49304,49308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49305,49306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49307,1025],{"class":218},[52,49309,49310],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49311,219],{"class":218},[1335,49313,49315],{"id":49314},"check-text","Check text",[43,49317,49319],{"className":45,"code":49318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49320,49321,49333,49337,49355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49322,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49324,34824],{"class":58},[52,49326,63],{"class":62},[52,49328,83],{"class":70},[52,49330,4201],{"class":74},[52,49332,3710],{"class":70},[52,49334,49335],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49336,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49338,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49340,142],{"class":141},[52,49342,145],{"class":66},[52,49344,49021],{"class":141},[52,49346,145],{"class":66},[52,49348,34845],{"class":124},[52,49350,91],{"class":66},[52,49352,49050],{"class":3251},[52,49354,2120],{"class":66},[52,49356,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49358,142],{"class":141},[52,49360,145],{"class":66},[52,49362,49021],{"class":141},[52,49364,145],{"class":66},[52,49366,34845],{"class":124},[52,49368,91],{"class":66},[52,49370,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49372,2120],{"class":66},[20,49374,173],{},[43,49376,49377],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49378,49379,49383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49380,49381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49382,1025],{"class":218},[52,49384,49385],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49386,219],{"class":218},[20,49388,49389,49390,49392],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49391,44950],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49394,49395,49396,121],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[257,49397,49398],{"href":3312},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[38,49400,49402],{"id":49401},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49404,49405],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49407,49408],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[43,49410,49412],{"className":45,"code":49411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49413,49414,49423,49427,49451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49415,49416,49418,49420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49417,2796],{"class":58},[52,49419,63],{"class":62},[52,49421,49422],{"class":103}," 3.5\n",[52,49424,49425],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49426,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49428,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49430,142],{"class":141},[52,49432,145],{"class":66},[52,49434,49021],{"class":141},[52,49436,145],{"class":66},[52,49438,2823],{"class":124},[52,49440,91],{"class":66},[52,49442,9588],{"class":66},[52,49444,2535],{"class":3251},[52,49446,91],{"class":66},[52,49448,40397],{"class":3251},[52,49450,3262],{"class":66},[52,49452,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49473],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49454,142],{"class":141},[52,49456,145],{"class":66},[52,49458,49021],{"class":141},[52,49460,145],{"class":66},[52,49462,2823],{"class":124},[52,49464,91],{"class":66},[52,49466,9588],{"class":66},[52,49468,3795],{"class":3251},[52,49470,91],{"class":66},[52,49472,22690],{"class":3251},[52,49474,3262],{"class":66},[20,49476,173],{},[43,49478,49479],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49480,49481,49485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49482,49483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49484,1025],{"class":218},[52,49486,49487],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49488,219],{"class":218},[20,49490,49491,49492,49494],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49493,40979],{}," conditions.",[20,49496,8652],{},[43,49498,49500],{"className":45,"code":49499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49501,49502,49510,49514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49503,49504,49506,49508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49505,2796],{"class":58},[52,49507,63],{"class":62},[52,49509,49422],{"class":103},[52,49511,49512],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49513,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49515,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49517,142],{"class":141},[52,49519,145],{"class":66},[52,49521,3573],{"class":3251},[52,49523,145],{"class":66},[52,49525,2823],{"class":124},[52,49527,4014],{"class":66},[52,49529,6763],{"class":62},[52,49531,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49533,48381],{"class":163},[52,49535,49536],{"class":3251}," type",[52,49538,145],{"class":66},[52,49540,2823],{"class":124},[52,49542,4014],{"class":66},[52,49544,6763],{"class":62},[52,49546,40397],{"class":3251},[52,49548,151],{"class":66},[20,49550,49551],{},"you can write this:",[43,49553,49555],{"className":45,"code":49554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49556,49557,49565,49569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49558,49559,49561,49563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49560,2796],{"class":58},[52,49562,63],{"class":62},[52,49564,49422],{"class":103},[52,49566,49567],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49568,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49570,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49572,142],{"class":141},[52,49574,145],{"class":66},[52,49576,49021],{"class":141},[52,49578,145],{"class":66},[52,49580,2823],{"class":124},[52,49582,91],{"class":66},[52,49584,9588],{"class":66},[52,49586,2535],{"class":3251},[52,49588,91],{"class":66},[52,49590,40397],{"class":3251},[52,49592,3262],{"class":66},[20,49594,49595],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[38,49597,49599,10931,49601],{"id":49598},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49600,44950],{},[15,49602,2650],{},[20,49604,10936,49605,2218,49607,49611],{},[15,49606,44950],{},[257,49608,49609],{"href":2647},[15,49610,2650],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1335,49613,49615],{"id":49614},"typevalue-int",[15,49616,49617],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49619,49620],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[43,49622,49624],{"className":45,"code":49623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49625,49626,49634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49627,49628,49630,49632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49629,2796],{"class":58},[52,49631,63],{"class":62},[52,49633,1883],{"class":103},[52,49635,49636,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49637,142],{"class":141},[52,49639,145],{"class":66},[52,49641,3573],{"class":3251},[52,49643,145],{"class":66},[52,49645,2823],{"class":124},[52,49647,4014],{"class":66},[52,49649,6763],{"class":62},[52,49651,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49653,151],{"class":66},[1335,49655,49657],{"id":49656},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49658,49659],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49661,49662],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[43,49664,49666],{"className":45,"code":49665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49667,49668,49676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49669,49670,49672,49674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49671,2796],{"class":58},[52,49673,63],{"class":62},[52,49675,1883],{"class":103},[52,49677,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49679,142],{"class":141},[52,49681,145],{"class":66},[52,49683,49021],{"class":141},[52,49685,145],{"class":66},[52,49687,2823],{"class":124},[52,49689,91],{"class":66},[52,49691,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49693,2120],{"class":66},[20,49695,49696,49697,49699],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49698,44950],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49701,49702],{},"In everyday code:",[234,49704,49705,49710],{},[237,49706,40132,49707,49709],{},[15,49708,2650],{}," when you need the exact type",[237,49711,40132,49712,49714],{},[15,49713,44950],{}," when you want a practical type check",[38,49716,49718],{"id":49717},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49720,49721,49722,121],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49723,44950],{},[1335,49725,49727],{"id":49726},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[43,49729,49731],{"className":45,"code":49730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49732,49733,49751,49770,49782,49787,49805,49816,49820,49832,49836,49860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49734,49735,49737,49740,49742,49744,49746,49749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49736,34988],{"class":2413},[52,49738,49739],{"class":34991}," repeat_text",[52,49741,145],{"class":66},[52,49743,34845],{"class":37803},[52,49745,91],{"class":66},[52,49747,49748],{"class":37803}," count",[52,49750,8696],{"class":66},[52,49752,49753,49755,49757,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49754,6753],{"class":163},[52,49756,8453],{"class":62},[52,49758,49759],{"class":141}," isinstance",[52,49761,145],{"class":66},[52,49763,34845],{"class":124},[52,49765,91],{"class":66},[52,49767,49050],{"class":3251},[52,49769,8696],{"class":66},[52,49771,49772,49775,49777,49780],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49773,49774],{"class":163},"        return",[52,49776,83],{"class":70},[52,49778,49779],{"class":74},"text must be a string",[52,49781,3710],{"class":70},[52,49783,49784],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49785,49786],{"class":58},"    \n",[52,49788,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,49790,6753],{"class":163},[52,49792,8453],{"class":62},[52,49794,49759],{"class":141},[52,49796,145],{"class":66},[52,49798,41402],{"class":124},[52,49800,91],{"class":66},[52,49802,45421],{"class":3251},[52,49804,8696],{"class":66},[52,49806,49807,49809,49811,49814],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,49808,49774],{"class":163},[52,49810,83],{"class":70},[52,49812,49813],{"class":74},"count must be an integer",[52,49815,3710],{"class":70},[52,49817,49818],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,49819,49786],{"class":58},[52,49821,49822,49824,49827,49829],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,49823,34999],{"class":163},[52,49825,49826],{"class":58}," text ",[52,49828,40014],{"class":62},[52,49830,49831],{"class":58}," count\n",[52,49833,49834],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,49835,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49837,49838,49840,49842,49845,49847,49849,49852,49854,49856,49858],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,49839,142],{"class":141},[52,49841,145],{"class":66},[52,49843,49844],{"class":124},"repeat_text",[52,49846,145],{"class":66},[52,49848,71],{"class":70},[52,49850,49851],{"class":74},"Hi ",[52,49853,71],{"class":70},[52,49855,91],{"class":66},[52,49857,2801],{"class":103},[52,49859,2120],{"class":66},[52,49861,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884],{"class":54,"line":845},[52,49863,142],{"class":141},[52,49865,145],{"class":66},[52,49867,49844],{"class":124},[52,49869,145],{"class":66},[52,49871,71],{"class":70},[52,49873,49851],{"class":74},[52,49875,71],{"class":70},[52,49877,91],{"class":66},[52,49879,83],{"class":70},[52,49881,2410],{"class":74},[52,49883,71],{"class":70},[52,49885,2120],{"class":66},[20,49887,173],{},[43,49889,49891],{"className":45,"code":49890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49892,49893,49898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49894,49895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49896,49897],{"class":58},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[52,49899,49900],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49901,49902],{"class":58},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49904,49905],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1335,49907,49909],{"id":49908},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[43,49911,49913],{"className":45,"code":49912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49914,49915,49947,49951,49967,49982,49999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49916,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49918,2796],{"class":58},[52,49920,63],{"class":62},[52,49922,755],{"class":66},[52,49924,71],{"class":70},[52,49926,257],{"class":74},[52,49928,71],{"class":70},[52,49930,91],{"class":66},[52,49932,83],{"class":70},[52,49934,345],{"class":74},[52,49936,71],{"class":70},[52,49938,91],{"class":66},[52,49940,83],{"class":70},[52,49942,10087],{"class":74},[52,49944,71],{"class":70},[52,49946,766],{"class":66},[52,49948,49949],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,49950,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,49952,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49954,7350],{"class":163},[52,49956,49759],{"class":141},[52,49958,145],{"class":66},[52,49960,2823],{"class":124},[52,49962,91],{"class":66},[52,49964,49050],{"class":3251},[52,49966,8696],{"class":66},[52,49968,49969,49971,49973,49975,49978,49980],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49970,8423],{"class":141},[52,49972,145],{"class":66},[52,49974,71],{"class":70},[52,49976,49977],{"class":74},"This is text",[52,49979,71],{"class":70},[52,49981,151],{"class":66},[52,49983,49984,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995,49997],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,49985,49986],{"class":163},"elif",[52,49988,49759],{"class":141},[52,49990,145],{"class":66},[52,49992,2823],{"class":124},[52,49994,91],{"class":66},[52,49996,22690],{"class":3251},[52,49998,8696],{"class":66},[52,50000,50001,50003,50005,50007,50010,50012],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,50002,8423],{"class":141},[52,50004,145],{"class":66},[52,50006,71],{"class":70},[52,50008,50009],{"class":74},"This is a list",[52,50011,71],{"class":70},[52,50013,151],{"class":66},[20,50015,173],{},[43,50017,50019],{"className":45,"code":50018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a list\n",[15,50020,50021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50022,50023,50026,50028,50030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50024,50025],{"class":58},"This ",[52,50027,164],{"class":62},[52,50029,44689],{"class":58},[52,50031,50032],{"class":3251},"list\n",[1335,50034,50036],{"id":50035},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[43,50038,50040],{"className":45,"code":50039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50041,50042,50054,50058,50074,50088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50045,2796],{"class":58},[52,50047,63],{"class":62},[52,50049,83],{"class":70},[52,50051,46671],{"class":74},[52,50053,3710],{"class":70},[52,50055,50056],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50057,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,50059,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50061,7350],{"class":163},[52,50063,49759],{"class":141},[52,50065,145],{"class":66},[52,50067,2823],{"class":124},[52,50069,91],{"class":66},[52,50071,49050],{"class":3251},[52,50073,8696],{"class":66},[52,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50077,42033],{"class":58},[52,50079,63],{"class":62},[52,50081,45421],{"class":3251},[52,50083,145],{"class":66},[52,50085,2823],{"class":124},[52,50087,151],{"class":66},[52,50089,50090,50092,50094,50096],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,50091,8423],{"class":141},[52,50093,145],{"class":66},[52,50095,2587],{"class":124},[52,50097,151],{"class":66},[20,50099,173],{},[43,50101,50102],{"className":45,"code":46757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50103,50104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50105,50106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50107,46757],{"class":103},[20,50109,50110],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1335,50112,50114],{"id":50113},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[43,50116,50118],{"className":45,"code":50117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50119,50120,50144,50148,50164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50121,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50123,2796],{"class":58},[52,50125,63],{"class":62},[52,50127,67],{"class":66},[52,50129,71],{"class":70},[52,50131,75],{"class":74},[52,50133,71],{"class":70},[52,50135,80],{"class":66},[52,50137,83],{"class":70},[52,50139,86],{"class":74},[52,50141,71],{"class":70},[52,50143,107],{"class":66},[52,50145,50146],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50147,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,50149,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50151,7350],{"class":163},[52,50153,49759],{"class":141},[52,50155,145],{"class":66},[52,50157,2823],{"class":124},[52,50159,91],{"class":66},[52,50161,9524],{"class":3251},[52,50163,8696],{"class":66},[52,50165,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50167,8423],{"class":141},[52,50169,145],{"class":66},[52,50171,2823],{"class":124},[52,50173,513],{"class":66},[52,50175,71],{"class":70},[52,50177,75],{"class":74},[52,50179,71],{"class":70},[52,50181,913],{"class":66},[20,50183,173],{},[43,50185,50187],{"className":45,"code":50186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n",[15,50188,50189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50190,50191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50192,50186],{"class":58},[20,50194,50195,50196,50198],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50197,3355],{}," messages later.",[38,50200,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,50202,50204,50205,2034,50208],{"id":50203},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50206,50207],{},"\"int\"",[15,50209,2535],{},[20,50211,16770],{},[43,50213,50215],{"className":45,"code":50214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50216,50217,50225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50218,50219,50221,50223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50220,2796],{"class":58},[52,50222,63],{"class":62},[52,50224,1883],{"class":103},[52,50226,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50228,142],{"class":141},[52,50230,145],{"class":66},[52,50232,49021],{"class":141},[52,50234,145],{"class":66},[52,50236,2823],{"class":124},[52,50238,91],{"class":66},[52,50240,83],{"class":70},[52,50242,2535],{"class":74},[52,50244,71],{"class":70},[52,50246,2120],{"class":66},[20,50248,50249,50251],{},[15,50250,50207],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50253,16782],{},[43,50255,50256],{"className":45,"code":49665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50257,50258,50266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50259,50260,50262,50264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50261,2796],{"class":58},[52,50263,63],{"class":62},[52,50265,1883],{"class":103},[52,50267,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50269,142],{"class":141},[52,50271,145],{"class":66},[52,50273,49021],{"class":141},[52,50275,145],{"class":66},[52,50277,2823],{"class":124},[52,50279,91],{"class":66},[52,50281,45421],{"class":3251},[52,50283,2120],{"class":66},[1335,50285,50287],{"id":50286},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50289,16770],{},[43,50291,50293],{"className":45,"code":50292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50294,50295,50303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50296,50297,50299,50301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50298,2796],{"class":58},[52,50300,63],{"class":62},[52,50302,34979],{"class":103},[52,50304,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50306,142],{"class":141},[52,50308,145],{"class":66},[52,50310,49021],{"class":141},[52,50312,145],{"class":66},[52,50314,2823],{"class":124},[52,50316,91],{"class":66},[52,50318,755],{"class":66},[52,50320,2535],{"class":3251},[52,50322,91],{"class":66},[52,50324,40397],{"class":3251},[52,50326,2144],{"class":66},[20,50328,50329],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50331,16782],{},[43,50333,50335],{"className":45,"code":50334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50336,50337,50345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50338,50339,50341,50343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50340,2796],{"class":58},[52,50342,63],{"class":62},[52,50344,34979],{"class":103},[52,50346,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50348,142],{"class":141},[52,50350,145],{"class":66},[52,50352,49021],{"class":141},[52,50354,145],{"class":66},[52,50356,2823],{"class":124},[52,50358,91],{"class":66},[52,50360,9588],{"class":66},[52,50362,2535],{"class":3251},[52,50364,91],{"class":66},[52,50366,40397],{"class":3251},[52,50368,3262],{"class":66},[1335,50370,25906,50372,50374],{"id":50371},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50373,44950],{}," converts a value",[20,50376,19042],{},[43,50378,50380],{"className":45,"code":50379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50381,50382,50395,50413,50417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50383,50384,50386,50388,50390,50393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50385,2796],{"class":58},[52,50387,63],{"class":62},[52,50389,83],{"class":70},[52,50391,50392],{"class":74},"123",[52,50394,3710],{"class":70},[52,50396,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50398,2577],{"class":58},[52,50400,63],{"class":62},[52,50402,49759],{"class":141},[52,50404,145],{"class":66},[52,50406,2823],{"class":124},[52,50408,91],{"class":66},[52,50410,45421],{"class":3251},[52,50412,151],{"class":66},[52,50414,50415],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50416,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,50418,50419,50421,50423,50425],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50420,142],{"class":141},[52,50422,145],{"class":66},[52,50424,2612],{"class":124},[52,50426,151],{"class":66},[20,50428,173],{},[43,50430,50431],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50432,50433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50434,50435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50436,219],{"class":218},[20,50438,50439,50440,50443,50444,50446],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50441,50442],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50445,50392],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50448,50449,50450,6983],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50451,50452],{},"int(value)",[1335,50454,50456],{"id":50455},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50458,50459,50461],{},[15,50460,44950],{}," does not modify anything.",[43,50463,50465],{"className":45,"code":50464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50466,50467,50479,50483,50501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50468,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50470,2796],{"class":58},[52,50472,63],{"class":62},[52,50474,83],{"class":70},[52,50476,816],{"class":74},[52,50478,3710],{"class":70},[52,50480,50481],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50482,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,50484,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50486,142],{"class":141},[52,50488,145],{"class":66},[52,50490,49021],{"class":141},[52,50492,145],{"class":66},[52,50494,2823],{"class":124},[52,50496,91],{"class":66},[52,50498,49050],{"class":3251},[52,50500,2120],{"class":66},[52,50502,50503,50505,50507,50509],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50504,142],{"class":141},[52,50506,145],{"class":66},[52,50508,2823],{"class":124},[52,50510,151],{"class":66},[20,50512,173],{},[43,50514,50516],{"className":45,"code":50515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n100\n",[15,50517,50518,50522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50519,50520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50521,1025],{"class":218},[52,50523,50524],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50525,47408],{"class":103},[20,50527,50528],{},"The value stays the same.",[38,50530,26074],{"id":26073},[20,50532,50533],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[43,50535,50537],{"className":45,"code":50536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50538,50539,50553,50571,50595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50540,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50542,142],{"class":141},[52,50544,145],{"class":66},[52,50546,3573],{"class":3251},[52,50548,145],{"class":66},[52,50550,2823],{"class":124},[52,50552,2120],{"class":66},[52,50554,50555,50557,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50556,142],{"class":141},[52,50558,145],{"class":66},[52,50560,49021],{"class":141},[52,50562,145],{"class":66},[52,50564,2823],{"class":124},[52,50566,91],{"class":66},[52,50568,45421],{"class":3251},[52,50570,2120],{"class":66},[52,50572,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50574,142],{"class":141},[52,50576,145],{"class":66},[52,50578,49021],{"class":141},[52,50580,145],{"class":66},[52,50582,2823],{"class":124},[52,50584,91],{"class":66},[52,50586,9588],{"class":66},[52,50588,2535],{"class":3251},[52,50590,91],{"class":66},[52,50592,40397],{"class":3251},[52,50594,3262],{"class":66},[52,50596,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50598,142],{"class":141},[52,50600,145],{"class":66},[52,50602,41922],{"class":141},[52,50604,145],{"class":66},[52,50606,2823],{"class":124},[52,50608,2120],{"class":66},[20,50610,50611],{},"These can help when:",[234,50613,50614,50617,50622,50625],{},[237,50615,50616],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[237,50618,50619,50620],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50621,3355],{},[237,50623,50624],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[237,50626,50627,50628,50630],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50629,44950],{}," is invalid",[20,50632,50633],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[234,50635,50636,50650,50656,50661],{},[237,50637,50638,50639,261,50642,50645,50646,261,50648],{},"using ",[15,50640,50641],{},"'int'",[15,50643,50644],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50647,2535],{},[15,50649,3795],{},[237,50651,50652,50653,50655],{},"expecting ",[15,50654,44950],{}," to convert a value",[237,50657,50638,50658,50660],{},[15,50659,2650],{}," when inherited types should also match",[237,50662,50663],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50665,50666,50667,121],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[257,50668,50670,50671],{"href":50669},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50672,50673],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[38,50675,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,50677,5495,50679,5498],{"id":50678},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50680,44950],{},[20,50682,5501,50683,50685,50686,121],{},[15,50684,1048],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50687,1039],{},[1335,50689,5523,50691,50693],{"id":50690},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50692,44950],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50695,50696,50697,121],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50698,50699],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1335,50701,2215,50703,2218,50705,2221],{"id":50702},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50704,44950],{},[15,50706,2650],{},[20,50708,50709,50711,50712,50714],{},[15,50710,2650],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50713,44950],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1335,50716,2195,50718,50720],{"id":50717},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50719,44950],{}," convert a value?",[20,50722,50723],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[38,50725,2240],{"id":2239},[234,50727,50728,50734,50738,50743,50748],{},[237,50729,50730],{},[257,50731,3928,50732,3861],{"href":2647},[15,50733,2650],{},[237,50735,50736],{},[257,50737,44942],{"href":49124},[237,50739,50740],{},[257,50741,50742],{"href":3312},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[237,50744,50745],{},[257,50746,50747],{"href":49127},"What is a data type in Python?",[237,50749,50750],{},[257,50751,50670,50752],{"href":50669},[15,50753,50673],{},[2278,50755,50756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":50758},[50759,50760,50762,50765,50769,50770,50775,50781,50789,50790,50800],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":49063,"depth":110,"text":50761},"What isinstance() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":50763},[50764],{"id":49155,"depth":131,"text":49156},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438,"children":50766},[50767,50768],{"id":49243,"depth":131,"text":49244},{"id":49314,"depth":131,"text":49315},{"id":49401,"depth":110,"text":49402},{"id":49598,"depth":110,"text":50771,"children":50772},"isinstance() vs type()",[50773,50774],{"id":49614,"depth":131,"text":49617},{"id":49656,"depth":131,"text":49659},{"id":49717,"depth":110,"text":49718,"children":50776},[50777,50778,50779,50780],{"id":49726,"depth":131,"text":49727},{"id":49908,"depth":131,"text":49909},{"id":50035,"depth":131,"text":50036},{"id":50113,"depth":131,"text":50114},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":50782},[50783,50785,50786,50788],{"id":50203,"depth":131,"text":50784},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50286,"depth":131,"text":50287},{"id":50371,"depth":131,"text":50787},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50455,"depth":131,"text":50456},{"id":26073,"depth":110,"text":26074},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":50791},[50792,50794,50796,50798],{"id":50678,"depth":131,"text":50793},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50690,"depth":131,"text":50795},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50702,"depth":131,"text":50797},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50717,"depth":131,"text":50799},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48964,"description":50801},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50807,"title":50808,"body":50809,"description":52782,"extension":2310,"meta":52783,"navigation":134,"path":52784,"seo":52785,"stem":52786,"__hash__":52787},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50810,"toc":52757},[50811,50814,50819,50824,50838,50841,50843,50918,50923,50927,50932,50935,50949,50951,51117,51130,51132,51134,51149,51152,51155,51168,51170,51268,51272,51278,51281,51290,51292,51327,51332,51353,51358,51363,51395,51398,51455,51459,51465,51468,51521,51523,51563,51566,51634,51637,51688,51695,51699,51705,51790,51796,51802,51851,51854,51857,51907,51909,51914,51918,51968,51972,52019,52023,52100,52104,52169,52172,52176,52181,52186,52198,52200,52219,52225,52228,52247,52252,52279,52286,52290,52296,52299,52394,52397,52400,52449,52454,52456,52460,52495,52498,52555,52565,52568,52602,52605,52607,52611,52614,52618,52621,52625,52628,52632,52645,52649,52654,52656,52706,52718,52720,52754],[10,50812,50808],{"id":50813},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50815,9478,50816,50818],{},[15,50817,42504],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50820,35543,50821,50823],{},[15,50822,42504],{}," to count:",[234,50825,50826,50829,50832,50835],{},[237,50827,50828],{},"characters in a string",[237,50830,50831],{},"items in a list or tuple",[237,50833,50834],{},"keys in a dictionary",[237,50836,50837],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50839,50840],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[38,50842,41],{"id":40},[43,50844,50846],{"className":45,"code":50845,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50847,50848,50860,50880,50884,50901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50849,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50851,34824],{"class":58},[52,50853,63],{"class":62},[52,50855,83],{"class":70},[52,50857,4201],{"class":74},[52,50859,3710],{"class":70},[52,50861,50862,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50863,8133],{"class":58},[52,50865,63],{"class":62},[52,50867,755],{"class":66},[52,50869,2679],{"class":103},[52,50871,91],{"class":66},[52,50873,104],{"class":103},[52,50875,91],{"class":66},[52,50877,8148],{"class":103},[52,50879,766],{"class":66},[52,50881,50882],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50883,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,50885,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50887,142],{"class":141},[52,50889,145],{"class":66},[52,50891,11505],{"class":141},[52,50893,145],{"class":66},[52,50895,34845],{"class":124},[52,50897,5715],{"class":66},[52,50899,50900],{"class":4017},"   # 5\n",[52,50902,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,50904,142],{"class":141},[52,50906,145],{"class":66},[52,50908,11505],{"class":141},[52,50910,145],{"class":66},[52,50912,8163],{"class":124},[52,50914,5715],{"class":66},[52,50916,50917],{"class":4017},"  # 3\n",[20,50919,222,50920,50922],{},[15,50921,42504],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[38,50924,50926],{"id":50925},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50928,50929,50931],{},[15,50930,42504],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50933,50934],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[234,50936,50937,50940,50943,50946],{},[237,50938,50939],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[237,50941,50942],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[237,50944,50945],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[237,50947,50948],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50950,309],{},[43,50952,50954],{"className":45,"code":50953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50955,50956,50968,50993,51025,51045,51049,51066,51083,51100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50957,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50959,8230],{"class":58},[52,50961,63],{"class":62},[52,50963,83],{"class":70},[52,50965,8030],{"class":74},[52,50967,3710],{"class":70},[52,50969,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50991],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,50971,3971],{"class":58},[52,50973,63],{"class":62},[52,50975,755],{"class":66},[52,50977,2679],{"class":103},[52,50979,91],{"class":66},[52,50981,104],{"class":103},[52,50983,91],{"class":66},[52,50985,8148],{"class":103},[52,50987,91],{"class":66},[52,50989,50990],{"class":103}," 40",[52,50992,766],{"class":66},[52,50994,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50996,1815],{"class":58},[52,50998,63],{"class":62},[52,51000,67],{"class":66},[52,51002,71],{"class":70},[52,51004,257],{"class":74},[52,51006,71],{"class":70},[52,51008,80],{"class":66},[52,51010,1364],{"class":103},[52,51012,91],{"class":66},[52,51014,83],{"class":70},[52,51016,345],{"class":74},[52,51018,71],{"class":70},[52,51020,80],{"class":66},[52,51022,1378],{"class":103},[52,51024,107],{"class":66},[52,51026,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51028,4178],{"class":58},[52,51030,63],{"class":62},[52,51032,67],{"class":66},[52,51034,2484],{"class":103},[52,51036,91],{"class":66},[52,51038,37784],{"class":103},[52,51040,91],{"class":66},[52,51042,6348],{"class":103},[52,51044,107],{"class":66},[52,51046,51047],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,51048,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,51050,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,51052,142],{"class":141},[52,51054,145],{"class":66},[52,51056,11505],{"class":141},[52,51058,145],{"class":66},[52,51060,75],{"class":124},[52,51062,5715],{"class":66},[52,51064,51065],{"class":4017},"     # 3\n",[52,51067,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,51069,142],{"class":141},[52,51071,145],{"class":66},[52,51073,11505],{"class":141},[52,51075,145],{"class":66},[52,51077,4001],{"class":124},[52,51079,5715],{"class":66},[52,51081,51082],{"class":4017},"  # 4\n",[52,51084,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,51086,142],{"class":141},[52,51088,145],{"class":66},[52,51090,11505],{"class":141},[52,51092,145],{"class":66},[52,51094,1868],{"class":124},[52,51096,5715],{"class":66},[52,51098,51099],{"class":4017},"     # 2\n",[52,51101,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,51103,142],{"class":141},[52,51105,145],{"class":66},[52,51107,11505],{"class":141},[52,51109,145],{"class":66},[52,51111,5712],{"class":124},[52,51113,5715],{"class":66},[52,51115,51116],{"class":4017},"   # 3\n",[20,51118,51119,51120,2536,51124,17199,51128,121],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[257,51121,51123],{"href":51122},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[257,51125,51127],{"href":51126},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[257,51129,260],{"href":9510},[38,51131,269],{"id":268},[20,51133,2507],{},[43,51135,51137],{"className":45,"code":51136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(object)\n",[15,51138,51139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51140,51141,51143,51145,51147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51142,11505],{"class":141},[52,51144,145],{"class":66},[52,51146,42542],{"class":3251},[52,51148,151],{"class":66},[20,51150,51151],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51153,51154],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[234,51156,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165],{},[237,51158,38048],{},[237,51160,38042],{},[237,51162,38045],{},[237,51164,38051],{},[237,51166,51167],{},"a dictionary",[20,51169,309],{},[43,51171,51173],{"className":45,"code":51172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51174,51175,51196,51220,51242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51176,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51178,142],{"class":141},[52,51180,145],{"class":66},[52,51182,11505],{"class":141},[52,51184,145],{"class":66},[52,51186,71],{"class":70},[52,51188,47],{"class":74},[52,51190,71],{"class":70},[52,51192,5715],{"class":66},[52,51194,51195],{"class":4017},"      # 6\n",[52,51197,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51199,142],{"class":141},[52,51201,145],{"class":66},[52,51203,11505],{"class":141},[52,51205,3336],{"class":66},[52,51207,3339],{"class":103},[52,51209,91],{"class":66},[52,51211,1378],{"class":103},[52,51213,91],{"class":66},[52,51215,2801],{"class":103},[52,51217,5089],{"class":66},[52,51219,51065],{"class":4017},[52,51221,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51239],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51223,142],{"class":141},[52,51225,145],{"class":66},[52,51227,11505],{"class":141},[52,51229,5864],{"class":66},[52,51231,2679],{"class":103},[52,51233,91],{"class":66},[52,51235,104],{"class":103},[52,51237,51238],{"class":66},")))",[52,51240,51241],{"class":4017},"      # 2\n",[52,51243,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51265],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51245,142],{"class":141},[52,51247,145],{"class":66},[52,51249,11505],{"class":141},[52,51251,5883],{"class":66},[52,51253,71],{"class":70},[52,51255,1357],{"class":74},[52,51257,71],{"class":70},[52,51259,80],{"class":66},[52,51261,1364],{"class":103},[52,51263,51264],{"class":66},"}))",[52,51266,51267],{"class":4017},"      # 1\n",[38,51269,51271],{"id":51270},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51273,51274,51275,51277],{},"When you use ",[15,51276,42504],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51279,51280],{},"That includes:",[234,51282,51283,51285,51287],{},[237,51284,36282],{},[237,51286,10798],{},[237,51288,51289],{},"punctuation",[20,51291,309],{},[43,51293,51295],{"className":45,"code":51294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51296,51297,51310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51300,34824],{"class":58},[52,51302,63],{"class":62},[52,51304,83],{"class":70},[52,51306,51307],{"class":74},"Hi there!",[52,51309,3710],{"class":70},[52,51311,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51313,142],{"class":141},[52,51315,145],{"class":66},[52,51317,11505],{"class":141},[52,51319,145],{"class":66},[52,51321,34845],{"class":124},[52,51323,5715],{"class":66},[52,51325,51326],{"class":4017},"  # 9\n",[20,51328,51329,51330,2221],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51331,2492],{},[234,51333,51334,51340,51344,51347],{},[237,51335,51336,51339],{},[15,51337,51338],{},"H"," = 1",[237,51341,51342,51339],{},[15,51343,36293],{},[237,51345,51346],{},"space = 1",[237,51348,51349,51352],{},[15,51350,51351],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51354,51355,51356],{},"Total: ",[15,51357,2492],{},[20,51359,51360,51361,80],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51362,2467],{},[43,51364,51366],{"className":45,"code":51365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51367,51368,51377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51369,51370,51373,51375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51371,51372],{"class":58},"empty_text ",[52,51374,63],{"class":62},[52,51376,8235],{"class":70},[52,51378,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387,51390,51392],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51380,142],{"class":141},[52,51382,145],{"class":66},[52,51384,11505],{"class":141},[52,51386,145],{"class":66},[52,51388,51389],{"class":124},"empty_text",[52,51391,5715],{"class":66},[52,51393,51394],{"class":4017},"  # 0\n",[20,51396,51397],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[43,51399,51401],{"className":45,"code":51400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51402,51403,51416,51420,51440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51404,51405,51408,51410,51412,51414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51406,51407],{"class":58},"user_name ",[52,51409,63],{"class":62},[52,51411,83],{"class":70},[52,51413,5356],{"class":74},[52,51415,3710],{"class":70},[52,51417,51418],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51419,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,51421,51422,51424,51426,51428,51431,51433,51436,51438],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51423,7350],{"class":163},[52,51425,38527],{"class":141},[52,51427,145],{"class":66},[52,51429,51430],{"class":124},"user_name",[52,51432,4014],{"class":66},[52,51434,51435],{"class":62}," >=",[52,51437,2801],{"class":103},[52,51439,6748],{"class":66},[52,51441,51442,51444,51446,51448,51451,51453],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51443,8423],{"class":141},[52,51445,145],{"class":66},[52,51447,71],{"class":70},[52,51449,51450],{"class":74},"Name is long enough",[52,51452,71],{"class":70},[52,51454,151],{"class":66},[38,51456,51458],{"id":51457},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51460,51461,51462,51464],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51463,42504],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51466,51467],{},"Example with a list:",[43,51469,51471],{"className":45,"code":51470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51472,51473,51505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51474,51475,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51476,319],{"class":58},[52,51478,63],{"class":62},[52,51480,755],{"class":66},[52,51482,71],{"class":70},[52,51484,336],{"class":74},[52,51486,71],{"class":70},[52,51488,91],{"class":66},[52,51490,83],{"class":70},[52,51492,17583],{"class":74},[52,51494,71],{"class":70},[52,51496,91],{"class":66},[52,51498,83],{"class":70},[52,51500,354],{"class":74},[52,51502,71],{"class":70},[52,51504,766],{"class":66},[52,51506,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51508,142],{"class":141},[52,51510,145],{"class":66},[52,51512,11505],{"class":141},[52,51514,145],{"class":66},[52,51516,17630],{"class":124},[52,51518,5715],{"class":66},[52,51520,50917],{"class":4017},[20,51522,38057],{},[43,51524,51526],{"className":45,"code":51525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51527,51528,51545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51529,51530,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51531,51532],{"class":58},"point ",[52,51534,63],{"class":62},[52,51536,9588],{"class":66},[52,51538,2679],{"class":103},[52,51540,91],{"class":66},[52,51542,104],{"class":103},[52,51544,151],{"class":66},[52,51546,51547,51549,51551,51553,51555,51558,51560],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51548,142],{"class":141},[52,51550,145],{"class":66},[52,51552,11505],{"class":141},[52,51554,145],{"class":66},[52,51556,51557],{"class":124},"point",[52,51559,5715],{"class":66},[52,51561,51562],{"class":4017},"  # 2\n",[20,51564,51565],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[43,51567,51569],{"className":45,"code":51568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51570,51571,51595,51599,51617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51572,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51574,8133],{"class":58},[52,51576,63],{"class":62},[52,51578,755],{"class":66},[52,51580,71],{"class":70},[52,51582,4432],{"class":74},[52,51584,71],{"class":70},[52,51586,91],{"class":66},[52,51588,83],{"class":70},[52,51590,4441],{"class":74},[52,51592,71],{"class":70},[52,51594,766],{"class":66},[52,51596,51597],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51598,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,51600,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51602,7350],{"class":163},[52,51604,38527],{"class":141},[52,51606,145],{"class":66},[52,51608,8163],{"class":124},[52,51610,4014],{"class":66},[52,51612,38537],{"class":62},[52,51614,1364],{"class":103},[52,51616,6748],{"class":66},[52,51618,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51620,8423],{"class":141},[52,51622,145],{"class":66},[52,51624,8163],{"class":124},[52,51626,513],{"class":66},[52,51628,3339],{"class":103},[52,51630,20575],{"class":66},[52,51632,51633],{"class":4017},"  # banana\n",[20,51635,51636],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[43,51638,51640],{"className":45,"code":51639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51641,51642,51665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51643,51644,51646,51648,51650,51653,51655,51658,51660,51663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51645,5416],{"class":58},[52,51647,63],{"class":62},[52,51649,755],{"class":66},[52,51651,51652],{"class":103},"88",[52,51654,91],{"class":66},[52,51656,51657],{"class":103}," 91",[52,51659,91],{"class":66},[52,51661,51662],{"class":103}," 75",[52,51664,766],{"class":66},[52,51666,51667,51669,51671,51673,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51668,142],{"class":141},[52,51670,145],{"class":66},[52,51672,71],{"class":70},[52,51674,51675],{"class":74},"Number of scores:",[52,51677,71],{"class":70},[52,51679,91],{"class":66},[52,51681,38527],{"class":141},[52,51683,145],{"class":66},[52,51685,16515],{"class":124},[52,51687,2120],{"class":66},[20,51689,51690,51691,121],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[257,51692,51694],{"href":51693},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[38,51696,51698],{"id":51697},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51700,51701,51702,51704],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51703,42504],{}," counts keys.",[43,51706,51708],{"className":45,"code":51707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51709,51710,51718,51736,51750,51766,51770,51774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51711,51712,51714,51716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51713,59],{"class":58},[52,51715,63],{"class":62},[52,51717,721],{"class":66},[52,51719,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51721,726],{"class":70},[52,51723,75],{"class":74},[52,51725,71],{"class":70},[52,51727,80],{"class":66},[52,51729,83],{"class":70},[52,51731,8275],{"class":74},[52,51733,71],{"class":70},[52,51735,741],{"class":66},[52,51737,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51739,726],{"class":70},[52,51741,96],{"class":74},[52,51743,71],{"class":70},[52,51745,80],{"class":66},[52,51747,31077],{"class":103},[52,51749,741],{"class":66},[52,51751,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51753,726],{"class":70},[52,51755,20020],{"class":74},[52,51757,71],{"class":70},[52,51759,80],{"class":66},[52,51761,83],{"class":70},[52,51763,22375],{"class":74},[52,51765,3710],{"class":70},[52,51767,51768],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,51769,107],{"class":66},[52,51771,51772],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,51773,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,51775,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786,51788],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,51777,142],{"class":141},[52,51779,145],{"class":66},[52,51781,11505],{"class":141},[52,51783,145],{"class":66},[52,51785,887],{"class":124},[52,51787,5715],{"class":66},[52,51789,50917],{"class":4017},[20,51791,51792,51793,51795],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51794,42504],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51797,51798,51799,51801],{},"For sets, ",[15,51800,42504],{}," counts unique items:",[43,51803,51805],{"className":45,"code":51804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51806,51807,51835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51808,51809,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831,51833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51810,3971],{"class":58},[52,51812,63],{"class":62},[52,51814,67],{"class":66},[52,51816,3339],{"class":103},[52,51818,91],{"class":66},[52,51820,1378],{"class":103},[52,51822,91],{"class":66},[52,51824,2801],{"class":103},[52,51826,91],{"class":66},[52,51828,2801],{"class":103},[52,51830,91],{"class":66},[52,51832,1378],{"class":103},[52,51834,107],{"class":66},[52,51836,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51838,142],{"class":141},[52,51840,145],{"class":66},[52,51842,11505],{"class":141},[52,51844,145],{"class":66},[52,51846,4001],{"class":124},[52,51848,5715],{"class":66},[52,51850,50917],{"class":4017},[20,51852,51853],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51855,51856],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[43,51858,51860],{"className":45,"code":51859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51861,51862,51870,51874,51892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51863,51864,51866,51868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51865,1815],{"class":58},[52,51867,63],{"class":62},[52,51869,10186],{"class":66},[52,51871,51872],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,51875,51876,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51877,7350],{"class":163},[52,51879,38527],{"class":141},[52,51881,145],{"class":66},[52,51883,1868],{"class":124},[52,51885,4014],{"class":66},[52,51887,6763],{"class":62},[52,51889,4189],{"class":103},[52,51891,6748],{"class":66},[52,51893,51894,51896,51898,51900,51903,51905],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51895,8423],{"class":141},[52,51897,145],{"class":66},[52,51899,71],{"class":70},[52,51901,51902],{"class":74},"The dictionary is empty",[52,51904,71],{"class":70},[52,51906,151],{"class":66},[38,51908,41188],{"id":41187},[20,51910,51911,51912,121],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51913,42504],{},[1335,51915,51917],{"id":51916},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[43,51919,51921],{"className":45,"code":51920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51922,51923,51931,51935,51953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51924,51925,51927,51929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51926,8133],{"class":58},[52,51928,63],{"class":62},[52,51930,8192],{"class":66},[52,51932,51933],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51934,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,51936,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947,51949,51951],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51938,7350],{"class":163},[52,51940,38527],{"class":141},[52,51942,145],{"class":66},[52,51944,8163],{"class":124},[52,51946,4014],{"class":66},[52,51948,6763],{"class":62},[52,51950,4189],{"class":103},[52,51952,6748],{"class":66},[52,51954,51955,51957,51959,51961,51964,51966],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51956,8423],{"class":141},[52,51958,145],{"class":66},[52,51960,71],{"class":70},[52,51962,51963],{"class":74},"The list is empty",[52,51965,71],{"class":70},[52,51967,151],{"class":66},[1335,51969,51971],{"id":51970},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[43,51973,51975],{"className":45,"code":51974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51976,51977,51996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51978,51979,51981,51983,51985,51987,51989,51992,51994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51980,6508],{"class":58},[52,51982,63],{"class":62},[52,51984,8596],{"class":141},[52,51986,145],{"class":66},[52,51988,71],{"class":70},[52,51990,51991],{"class":74},"Enter a word: ",[52,51993,71],{"class":70},[52,51995,151],{"class":66},[52,51997,51998,52000,52002,52004,52007,52009,52011,52013,52015,52017],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,51999,142],{"class":141},[52,52001,145],{"class":66},[52,52003,71],{"class":70},[52,52005,52006],{"class":74},"Number of characters:",[52,52008,71],{"class":70},[52,52010,91],{"class":66},[52,52012,38527],{"class":141},[52,52014,145],{"class":66},[52,52016,38532],{"class":124},[52,52018,2120],{"class":66},[1335,52020,52022],{"id":52021},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[43,52024,52026],{"className":45,"code":52025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52027,52028,52042,52046,52064,52079,52085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52029,52030,52033,52035,52037,52040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52031,52032],{"class":58},"password ",[52,52034,63],{"class":62},[52,52036,83],{"class":70},[52,52038,52039],{"class":74},"secret123",[52,52041,3710],{"class":70},[52,52043,52044],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52045,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,52047,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058,52060,52062],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52049,7350],{"class":163},[52,52051,38527],{"class":141},[52,52053,145],{"class":66},[52,52055,17749],{"class":124},[52,52057,4014],{"class":66},[52,52059,51435],{"class":62},[52,52061,6714],{"class":103},[52,52063,6748],{"class":66},[52,52065,52066,52068,52070,52072,52075,52077],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52067,8423],{"class":141},[52,52069,145],{"class":66},[52,52071,71],{"class":70},[52,52073,52074],{"class":74},"Password length is valid",[52,52076,71],{"class":70},[52,52078,151],{"class":66},[52,52080,52081,52083],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,52082,27566],{"class":163},[52,52084,6748],{"class":66},[52,52086,52087,52089,52091,52093,52096,52098],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,52088,8423],{"class":141},[52,52090,145],{"class":66},[52,52092,71],{"class":70},[52,52094,52095],{"class":74},"Password is too short",[52,52097,71],{"class":70},[52,52099,151],{"class":66},[1335,52101,52103],{"id":52102},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[43,52105,52107],{"className":45,"code":52106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52108,52109,52145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52110,52111,52114,52116,52118,52120,52123,52125,52127,52129,52132,52134,52136,52138,52141,52143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52112,52113],{"class":58},"results ",[52,52115,63],{"class":62},[52,52117,755],{"class":66},[52,52119,71],{"class":70},[52,52121,52122],{"class":74},"item1",[52,52124,71],{"class":70},[52,52126,91],{"class":66},[52,52128,83],{"class":70},[52,52130,52131],{"class":74},"item2",[52,52133,71],{"class":70},[52,52135,91],{"class":66},[52,52137,83],{"class":70},[52,52139,52140],{"class":74},"item3",[52,52142,71],{"class":70},[52,52144,766],{"class":66},[52,52146,52147,52149,52151,52153,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52167],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52148,142],{"class":141},[52,52150,145],{"class":66},[52,52152,71],{"class":70},[52,52154,52155],{"class":74},"Items found:",[52,52157,71],{"class":70},[52,52159,91],{"class":66},[52,52161,38527],{"class":141},[52,52163,145],{"class":66},[52,52165,52166],{"class":124},"results",[52,52168,2120],{"class":66},[20,52170,52171],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[38,52173,52175],{"id":52174},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52177,52178,52180],{},[15,52179,42504],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52182,52183,52184,80],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52185,3355],{},[234,52187,52188,52191,52194],{},[237,52189,52190],{},"plain integers",[237,52192,52193],{},"floats",[237,52195,52196],{},[15,52197,4133],{},[20,52199,309],{},[43,52201,52203],{"className":45,"code":52202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52204,52205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52206,52207,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52208,142],{"class":141},[52,52210,145],{"class":66},[52,52212,11505],{"class":141},[52,52214,145],{"class":66},[52,52216,2484],{"class":103},[52,52218,2120],{"class":66},[20,52220,52221,52222,52224],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52223,2484],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52226,52227],{},"Another example:",[43,52229,52231],{"className":45,"code":52230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52232,52233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52234,52235,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52236,142],{"class":141},[52,52238,145],{"class":66},[52,52240,11505],{"class":141},[52,52242,145],{"class":66},[52,52244,40285],{"class":103},[52,52246,2120],{"class":66},[20,52248,52249,52250,80],{},"And with ",[15,52251,4133],{},[43,52253,52255],{"className":45,"code":52254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52256,52257,52265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52258,52259,52261,52263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52260,2796],{"class":58},[52,52262,63],{"class":62},[52,52264,48673],{"class":218},[52,52266,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52268,142],{"class":141},[52,52270,145],{"class":66},[52,52272,11505],{"class":141},[52,52274,145],{"class":66},[52,52276,2823],{"class":124},[52,52278,2120],{"class":66},[20,52280,52281,52282,121],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[257,52283,52285],{"href":52284},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[38,52287,52289],{"id":52288},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52291,52292,52293,52295],{},"Before using ",[15,52294,42504],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52297,52298],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[43,52300,52302],{"className":45,"code":52301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52303,52304,52312,52316,52326,52340,52358,52376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52305,52306,52308,52310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52307,2796],{"class":58},[52,52309,63],{"class":62},[52,52311,48673],{"class":218},[52,52313,52314],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52315,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,52317,52318,52320,52322,52324],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52319,142],{"class":141},[52,52321,145],{"class":66},[52,52323,2823],{"class":124},[52,52325,151],{"class":66},[52,52327,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336,52338],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52329,142],{"class":141},[52,52331,145],{"class":66},[52,52333,3573],{"class":3251},[52,52335,145],{"class":66},[52,52337,2823],{"class":124},[52,52339,2120],{"class":66},[52,52341,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354,52356],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,52343,142],{"class":141},[52,52345,145],{"class":66},[52,52347,49021],{"class":141},[52,52349,145],{"class":66},[52,52351,2823],{"class":124},[52,52353,91],{"class":66},[52,52355,49050],{"class":3251},[52,52357,2120],{"class":66},[52,52359,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368,52370,52372,52374],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,52361,142],{"class":141},[52,52363,145],{"class":66},[52,52365,49021],{"class":141},[52,52367,145],{"class":66},[52,52369,2823],{"class":124},[52,52371,91],{"class":66},[52,52373,22690],{"class":3251},[52,52375,2120],{"class":66},[52,52377,52378,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390,52392],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,52379,142],{"class":141},[52,52381,145],{"class":66},[52,52383,49021],{"class":141},[52,52385,145],{"class":66},[52,52387,2823],{"class":124},[52,52389,91],{"class":66},[52,52391,9524],{"class":3251},[52,52393,2120],{"class":66},[20,52395,52396],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52398,52399],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[43,52401,52403],{"className":45,"code":52402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52404,52405,52417,52421,52435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52406,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52408,2796],{"class":58},[52,52410,63],{"class":62},[52,52412,83],{"class":70},[52,52414,4201],{"class":74},[52,52416,3710],{"class":70},[52,52418,52419],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52420,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52424,7350],{"class":163},[52,52426,21714],{"class":58},[52,52428,164],{"class":62},[52,52430,8453],{"class":62},[52,52432,4208],{"class":218},[52,52434,6748],{"class":66},[52,52436,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52438,8423],{"class":141},[52,52440,145],{"class":66},[52,52442,11505],{"class":141},[52,52444,145],{"class":66},[52,52446,2823],{"class":124},[52,52448,2120],{"class":66},[20,52450,52451,52452,121],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[257,52453,8796],{"href":2647},[38,52455,2022],{"id":2021},[20,52457,23225,52458,80],{},[15,52459,42504],{},[234,52461,52462,52470,52478,52486,52492],{},[237,52463,1326,52464,52466,52467],{},[15,52465,42504],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52468,52469],{},"len(5)",[237,52471,1326,52472,52474,52475],{},[15,52473,42504],{}," on a float like ",[15,52476,52477],{},"len(3.14)",[237,52479,1326,52480,52482,52483,52485],{},[15,52481,42504],{}," on ",[15,52484,4133],{}," after a function returns nothing",[237,52487,2040,52488,52491],{},[15,52489,52490],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[237,52493,52494],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52496,52497],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[43,52499,52501],{"className":45,"code":52500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52502,52503,52539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52504,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52506,451],{"class":58},[52,52508,63],{"class":62},[52,52510,67],{"class":66},[52,52512,71],{"class":70},[52,52514,75],{"class":74},[52,52516,71],{"class":70},[52,52518,80],{"class":66},[52,52520,83],{"class":70},[52,52522,86],{"class":74},[52,52524,71],{"class":70},[52,52526,91],{"class":66},[52,52528,83],{"class":70},[52,52530,96],{"class":74},[52,52532,71],{"class":70},[52,52534,80],{"class":66},[52,52536,104],{"class":103},[52,52538,107],{"class":66},[52,52540,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52542,142],{"class":141},[52,52544,145],{"class":66},[52,52546,11505],{"class":141},[52,52548,145],{"class":66},[52,52550,17434],{"class":124},[52,52552,5715],{"class":66},[52,52554,51562],{"class":4017},[20,52556,37735,52557,52559,52560,2218,52562,121],{},[15,52558,2404],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52561,15365],{},[15,52563,52564],{},"\"age\"",[20,52566,52567],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[43,52569,52571],{"className":45,"code":52570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52572,52573,52586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52574,52575,52577,52579,52581,52584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52576,34824],{"class":58},[52,52578,63],{"class":62},[52,52580,83],{"class":70},[52,52582,52583],{"class":74},"a b",[52,52585,3710],{"class":70},[52,52587,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52589,142],{"class":141},[52,52591,145],{"class":66},[52,52593,11505],{"class":141},[52,52595,145],{"class":66},[52,52597,34845],{"class":124},[52,52599,5715],{"class":66},[52,52601,50917],{"class":4017},[20,52603,52604],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[38,52606,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,52608,52610],{"id":52609},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52612,52613],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1335,52615,52617],{"id":52616},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52619,52620],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1335,52622,52624],{"id":52623},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52626,52627],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1335,52629,52631],{"id":52630},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52633,52634,52635,52637,52638,261,52640,52642,52643,121],{},"No. Using ",[15,52636,42504],{}," on an ",[15,52639,2535],{},[15,52641,2539],{}," raises a ",[15,52644,3355],{},[1335,52646,52648],{"id":52647},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52650,8116,52651,121],{},[15,52652,52653],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52655,309],{},[43,52657,52659],{"className":45,"code":52658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52660,52661,52669,52673,52691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52662,52663,52665,52667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52664,8662],{"class":58},[52,52666,63],{"class":62},[52,52668,8192],{"class":66},[52,52670,52671],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52672,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,52674,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52676,7350],{"class":163},[52,52678,38527],{"class":141},[52,52680,145],{"class":66},[52,52682,8693],{"class":124},[52,52684,4014],{"class":66},[52,52686,6763],{"class":62},[52,52688,4189],{"class":103},[52,52690,6748],{"class":66},[52,52692,52693,52695,52697,52699,52702,52704],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52694,8423],{"class":141},[52,52696,145],{"class":66},[52,52698,71],{"class":70},[52,52700,52701],{"class":74},"Empty list",[52,52703,71],{"class":70},[52,52705,151],{"class":66},[20,52707,52708,52709,52711,52712,52714,52715,52717],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52710,1039],{}," in an ",[15,52713,7350],{}," statement, but ",[15,52716,42504],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[38,52719,2240],{"id":2239},[234,52721,52722,52726,52730,52734,52739,52743,52749],{},[237,52723,52724],{},[257,52725,51123],{"href":51122},[237,52727,52728],{},[257,52729,51127],{"href":51126},[237,52731,52732],{},[257,52733,260],{"href":9510},[237,52735,52736],{},[257,52737,52738],{"href":51693},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[237,52740,52741],{},[257,52742,8796],{"href":2647},[237,52744,52745],{},[257,52746,52748],{"href":52747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[237,52750,52751],{},[257,52752,52753],{"href":52284},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2278,52755,52756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":52758},[52759,52760,52761,52762,52763,52764,52765,52771,52772,52773,52774,52781],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":50925,"depth":110,"text":50926},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":51270,"depth":110,"text":51271},{"id":51457,"depth":110,"text":51458},{"id":51697,"depth":110,"text":51698},{"id":41187,"depth":110,"text":41188,"children":52766},[52767,52768,52769,52770],{"id":51916,"depth":131,"text":51917},{"id":51970,"depth":131,"text":51971},{"id":52021,"depth":131,"text":52022},{"id":52102,"depth":131,"text":52103},{"id":52174,"depth":110,"text":52175},{"id":52288,"depth":110,"text":52289},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":52775},[52776,52777,52778,52779,52780],{"id":52609,"depth":131,"text":52610},{"id":52616,"depth":131,"text":52617},{"id":52623,"depth":131,"text":52624},{"id":52630,"depth":131,"text":52631},{"id":52647,"depth":131,"text":52648},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50808,"description":52782},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52789,"title":52790,"body":52791,"description":54476,"extension":2310,"meta":54477,"navigation":134,"path":54478,"seo":54479,"stem":54480,"__hash__":54481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52792,"toc":54449},[52793,52796,52810,52816,52818,52872,52877,52881,52897,52900,52914,52920,52922,52925,52944,52960,52962,53038,53040,53077,53088,53090,53093,53154,53156,53189,53192,53198,53202,53205,53330,53332,53391,53399,53452,53454,53481,53487,53497,53501,53504,53509,53561,53563,53589,53595,53649,53651,53676,53679,53703,53709,53711,53715,53717,53774,53776,53784,53786,53808,53810,53863,53865,53889,53893,53895,53934,53936,53944,53950,53954,54006,54008,54034,54042,54046,54051,54060,54062,54128,54130,54162,54166,54171,54173,54187,54190,54263,54265,54291,54293,54297,54304,54308,54315,54319,54322,54324,54377,54379,54405,54409,54418,54420,54446],[10,52794,52790],{"id":52795},"python-list-append-method",[20,52797,2327,52798,52801,52802,52805,52806,52809],{},[15,52799,52800],{},"append()"," method adds ",[33,52803,52804],{},"one item"," to the ",[33,52807,52808],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52811,52812,52813,52815],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[33,52814,1332],{}," create a new list.",[38,52817,3961],{"id":3960},[43,52819,52821],{"className":45,"code":52820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52822,52823,52843,52857,52867],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52824,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52826,3971],{"class":58},[52,52828,63],{"class":62},[52,52830,755],{"class":66},[52,52832,3339],{"class":103},[52,52834,91],{"class":66},[52,52836,1378],{"class":103},[52,52838,91],{"class":66},[52,52840,2801],{"class":103},[52,52842,766],{"class":66},[52,52844,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52846,4001],{"class":58},[52,52848,121],{"class":66},[52,52850,811],{"class":124},[52,52852,145],{"class":66},[52,52854,2855],{"class":103},[52,52856,151],{"class":66},[52,52858,52859,52861,52863,52865],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52860,142],{"class":141},[52,52862,145],{"class":66},[52,52864,4001],{"class":124},[52,52866,151],{"class":66},[52,52868,52869],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52870,52871],{"class":4017},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52873,222,52874,52876],{},[15,52875,52800],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[38,52878,52880],{"id":52879},"what-append-does","What append() does",[234,52882,52883,52888,52891,52894],{},[237,52884,52885,52887],{},[15,52886,52800],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[237,52889,52890],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[237,52892,52893],{},"It does not create a new list",[237,52895,52896],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52898,52899],{},"This means you can append:",[234,52901,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912],{},[237,52903,4001],{},[237,52905,5662],{},[237,52907,40736],{},[237,52909,5653],{},[237,52911,7604],{},[237,52913,34798],{},[20,52915,52916,52917,121],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[257,52918,52919],{"href":51126},"Python lists explained for beginners",[38,52921,5785],{"id":5784},[20,52923,52924],{},"Basic form:",[43,52926,52928],{"className":45,"code":52927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52929,52930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52931,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52933,8693],{"class":58},[52,52935,121],{"class":66},[52,52937,811],{"class":124},[52,52939,145],{"class":66},[52,52941,23441],{"class":124},[52,52943,151],{"class":66},[234,52945,52946,52951,52956],{},[237,52947,52948,52950],{},[15,52949,8693],{}," is the list you want to change",[237,52952,52953,52955],{},[15,52954,23441],{}," is the value or object to add",[237,52957,12244,52958],{},[15,52959,4133],{},[20,52961,309],{},[43,52963,52965],{"className":45,"code":52964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52966,52967,52991,53014,53018,53028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52968,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52970,36378],{"class":58},[52,52972,63],{"class":62},[52,52974,755],{"class":66},[52,52976,71],{"class":70},[52,52978,4432],{"class":74},[52,52980,71],{"class":70},[52,52982,91],{"class":66},[52,52984,83],{"class":70},[52,52986,4441],{"class":74},[52,52988,71],{"class":70},[52,52990,766],{"class":66},[52,52992,52993,52995,52997,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,52994,2577],{"class":58},[52,52996,63],{"class":62},[52,52998,52999],{"class":58}," fruits",[52,53001,121],{"class":66},[52,53003,811],{"class":124},[52,53005,145],{"class":66},[52,53007,71],{"class":70},[52,53009,33356],{"class":74},[52,53011,71],{"class":70},[52,53013,151],{"class":66},[52,53015,53016],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53017,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53019,53020,53022,53024,53026],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53021,142],{"class":141},[52,53023,145],{"class":66},[52,53025,36430],{"class":124},[52,53027,151],{"class":66},[52,53029,53030,53032,53034,53036],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,53031,142],{"class":141},[52,53033,145],{"class":66},[52,53035,2612],{"class":124},[52,53037,151],{"class":66},[20,53039,173],{},[43,53041,53043],{"className":45,"code":53042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53044,53045,53073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53046,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53048,513],{"class":66},[52,53050,186],{"class":70},[52,53052,4432],{"class":74},[52,53054,186],{"class":70},[52,53056,91],{"class":66},[52,53058,195],{"class":70},[52,53060,4441],{"class":74},[52,53062,186],{"class":70},[52,53064,91],{"class":66},[52,53066,195],{"class":70},[52,53068,33356],{"class":74},[52,53070,186],{"class":70},[52,53072,766],{"class":66},[52,53074,53075],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53076,12141],{"class":218},[20,53078,53079,53080,53082,53083,53085,53086,121],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53081,52800],{}," updates ",[15,53084,36430],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53087,4133],{},[38,53089,438],{"id":437},[20,53091,53092],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[43,53094,53096],{"className":45,"code":53095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53097,53098,53122,53140,53144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53099,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53101,319],{"class":58},[52,53103,63],{"class":62},[52,53105,755],{"class":66},[52,53107,71],{"class":70},[52,53109,336],{"class":74},[52,53111,71],{"class":70},[52,53113,91],{"class":66},[52,53115,83],{"class":70},[52,53117,354],{"class":74},[52,53119,71],{"class":70},[52,53121,766],{"class":66},[52,53123,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53125,17630],{"class":58},[52,53127,121],{"class":66},[52,53129,811],{"class":124},[52,53131,145],{"class":66},[52,53133,71],{"class":70},[52,53135,17583],{"class":74},[52,53137,71],{"class":70},[52,53139,151],{"class":66},[52,53141,53142],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53143,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53145,53146,53148,53150,53152],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53147,142],{"class":141},[52,53149,145],{"class":66},[52,53151,17630],{"class":124},[52,53153,151],{"class":66},[20,53155,173],{},[43,53157,53159],{"className":45,"code":53158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53160,53161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53162,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53164,513],{"class":66},[52,53166,186],{"class":70},[52,53168,336],{"class":74},[52,53170,186],{"class":70},[52,53172,91],{"class":66},[52,53174,195],{"class":70},[52,53176,354],{"class":74},[52,53178,186],{"class":70},[52,53180,91],{"class":66},[52,53182,195],{"class":70},[52,53184,17583],{"class":74},[52,53186,186],{"class":70},[52,53188,766],{"class":66},[20,53190,53191],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53193,31217,53194,121],{},[257,53195,53197],{"href":53196},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[38,53199,53201],{"id":53200},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53203,53204],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[43,53206,53208],{"className":45,"code":53207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53209,53210,53218,53222,53236,53254,53268,53294,53316,53320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53211,53212,53214,53216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53213,8133],{"class":58},[52,53215,63],{"class":62},[52,53217,8192],{"class":66},[52,53219,53220],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53221,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53223,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53225,8163],{"class":58},[52,53227,121],{"class":66},[52,53229,811],{"class":124},[52,53231,145],{"class":66},[52,53233,2679],{"class":103},[52,53235,151],{"class":66},[52,53237,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53239,8163],{"class":58},[52,53241,121],{"class":66},[52,53243,811],{"class":124},[52,53245,145],{"class":66},[52,53247,71],{"class":70},[52,53249,4201],{"class":74},[52,53251,71],{"class":70},[52,53253,151],{"class":66},[52,53255,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,53257,8163],{"class":58},[52,53259,121],{"class":66},[52,53261,811],{"class":124},[52,53263,145],{"class":66},[52,53265,1048],{"class":218},[52,53267,151],{"class":66},[52,53269,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,53271,8163],{"class":58},[52,53273,121],{"class":66},[52,53275,811],{"class":124},[52,53277,5883],{"class":66},[52,53279,71],{"class":70},[52,53281,75],{"class":74},[52,53283,71],{"class":70},[52,53285,80],{"class":66},[52,53287,83],{"class":70},[52,53289,8030],{"class":74},[52,53291,71],{"class":70},[52,53293,30630],{"class":66},[52,53295,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,53297,8163],{"class":58},[52,53299,121],{"class":66},[52,53301,811],{"class":124},[52,53303,3336],{"class":66},[52,53305,3339],{"class":103},[52,53307,91],{"class":66},[52,53309,1378],{"class":103},[52,53311,91],{"class":66},[52,53313,2801],{"class":103},[52,53315,913],{"class":66},[52,53317,53318],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,53319,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53321,53322,53324,53326,53328],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,53323,142],{"class":141},[52,53325,145],{"class":66},[52,53327,8163],{"class":124},[52,53329,151],{"class":66},[20,53331,173],{},[43,53333,53335],{"className":45,"code":53334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53336,53337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53338,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53340,513],{"class":66},[52,53342,2679],{"class":103},[52,53344,91],{"class":66},[52,53346,195],{"class":70},[52,53348,4201],{"class":74},[52,53350,186],{"class":70},[52,53352,91],{"class":66},[52,53354,4270],{"class":218},[52,53356,91],{"class":66},[52,53358,67],{"class":66},[52,53360,186],{"class":70},[52,53362,75],{"class":74},[52,53364,186],{"class":70},[52,53366,80],{"class":66},[52,53368,195],{"class":70},[52,53370,8030],{"class":74},[52,53372,186],{"class":70},[52,53374,53375],{"class":66},"},",[52,53377,755],{"class":66},[52,53379,3339],{"class":103},[52,53381,91],{"class":66},[52,53383,1378],{"class":103},[52,53385,91],{"class":66},[52,53387,2801],{"class":103},[52,53389,53390],{"class":66},"]]\n",[20,53392,53393,53394,42298,53396,121],{},"A list added with ",[15,53395,52800],{},[33,53397,53398],{},"one single item",[43,53400,53402],{"className":45,"code":53401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53403,53404,53420,53438,53442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53405,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53407,3971],{"class":58},[52,53409,63],{"class":62},[52,53411,755],{"class":66},[52,53413,3339],{"class":103},[52,53415,91],{"class":66},[52,53417,1378],{"class":103},[52,53419,766],{"class":66},[52,53421,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53423,4001],{"class":58},[52,53425,121],{"class":66},[52,53427,811],{"class":124},[52,53429,3336],{"class":66},[52,53431,2410],{"class":103},[52,53433,91],{"class":66},[52,53435,2807],{"class":103},[52,53437,913],{"class":66},[52,53439,53440],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53441,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53443,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53445,142],{"class":141},[52,53447,145],{"class":66},[52,53449,4001],{"class":124},[52,53451,151],{"class":66},[20,53453,173],{},[43,53455,53457],{"className":45,"code":53456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53458,53459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53460,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53462,513],{"class":66},[52,53464,3339],{"class":103},[52,53466,91],{"class":66},[52,53468,1378],{"class":103},[52,53470,91],{"class":66},[52,53472,755],{"class":66},[52,53474,2410],{"class":103},[52,53476,91],{"class":66},[52,53478,2807],{"class":103},[52,53480,53390],{"class":66},[20,53482,2634,53483,53486],{},[15,53484,53485],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53488,53489,53490,53496],{},"This is different from ",[257,53491,53493],{"href":53492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53494,53495],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[38,53498,53500],{"id":53499},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53502,53503],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1335,53505,1326,53507],{"id":53506},"using-append",[15,53508,52800],{},[43,53510,53511],{"className":45,"code":53401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53512,53513,53529,53547,53551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53514,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53516,3971],{"class":58},[52,53518,63],{"class":62},[52,53520,755],{"class":66},[52,53522,3339],{"class":103},[52,53524,91],{"class":66},[52,53526,1378],{"class":103},[52,53528,766],{"class":66},[52,53530,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53532,4001],{"class":58},[52,53534,121],{"class":66},[52,53536,811],{"class":124},[52,53538,3336],{"class":66},[52,53540,2410],{"class":103},[52,53542,91],{"class":66},[52,53544,2807],{"class":103},[52,53546,913],{"class":66},[52,53548,53549],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53550,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53552,53553,53555,53557,53559],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53554,142],{"class":141},[52,53556,145],{"class":66},[52,53558,4001],{"class":124},[52,53560,151],{"class":66},[20,53562,173],{},[43,53564,53565],{"className":45,"code":53456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53566,53567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53568,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53570,513],{"class":66},[52,53572,3339],{"class":103},[52,53574,91],{"class":66},[52,53576,1378],{"class":103},[52,53578,91],{"class":66},[52,53580,755],{"class":66},[52,53582,2410],{"class":103},[52,53584,91],{"class":66},[52,53586,2807],{"class":103},[52,53588,53390],{"class":66},[1335,53590,1326,53592],{"id":53591},"using-extend",[15,53593,53594],{},"extend()",[43,53596,53598],{"className":45,"code":53597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53599,53600,53616,53635,53639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53601,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53603,3971],{"class":58},[52,53605,63],{"class":62},[52,53607,755],{"class":66},[52,53609,3339],{"class":103},[52,53611,91],{"class":66},[52,53613,1378],{"class":103},[52,53615,766],{"class":66},[52,53617,53618,53620,53622,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53619,4001],{"class":58},[52,53621,121],{"class":66},[52,53623,53624],{"class":124},"extend",[52,53626,3336],{"class":66},[52,53628,2410],{"class":103},[52,53630,91],{"class":66},[52,53632,2807],{"class":103},[52,53634,913],{"class":66},[52,53636,53637],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53638,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53640,53641,53643,53645,53647],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53642,142],{"class":141},[52,53644,145],{"class":66},[52,53646,4001],{"class":124},[52,53648,151],{"class":66},[20,53650,173],{},[43,53652,53654],{"className":45,"code":53653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53655,53656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53657,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53659,513],{"class":66},[52,53661,3339],{"class":103},[52,53663,91],{"class":66},[52,53665,1378],{"class":103},[52,53667,91],{"class":66},[52,53669,2801],{"class":103},[52,53671,91],{"class":66},[52,53673,2807],{"class":103},[52,53675,766],{"class":66},[20,53677,53678],{},"The difference:",[234,53680,53681,53687,53693,53698],{},[237,53682,53683,53686],{},[15,53684,53685],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[237,53688,53689,53692],{},[15,53690,53691],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[237,53694,222,53695,53697],{},[15,53696,52800],{}," for one item",[237,53699,222,53700,53702],{},[15,53701,53594],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53704,53705,53706,121],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[257,53707,53708],{"href":53492},"Python list extend() method",[38,53710,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,53712,53714],{"id":53713},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53716,25822],{},[43,53718,53720],{"className":45,"code":53719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53721,53722,53742,53760,53764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53723,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53725,8133],{"class":58},[52,53727,63],{"class":62},[52,53729,755],{"class":66},[52,53731,3339],{"class":103},[52,53733,91],{"class":66},[52,53735,1378],{"class":103},[52,53737,91],{"class":66},[52,53739,2801],{"class":103},[52,53741,766],{"class":66},[52,53743,53744,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53745,8133],{"class":58},[52,53747,63],{"class":62},[52,53749,6320],{"class":58},[52,53751,121],{"class":66},[52,53753,811],{"class":124},[52,53755,145],{"class":66},[52,53757,2855],{"class":103},[52,53759,151],{"class":66},[52,53761,53762],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53763,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53765,53766,53768,53770,53772],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53767,142],{"class":141},[52,53769,145],{"class":66},[52,53771,8163],{"class":124},[52,53773,151],{"class":66},[20,53775,173],{},[43,53777,53778],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53779,53780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53781,53782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53783,12141],{"class":218},[20,53785,12233],{},[234,53787,53788,53793,53799],{},[237,53789,53790,53792],{},[15,53791,52800],{}," changes the list in place",[237,53794,53795,2746,53797],{},[15,53796,52800],{},[15,53798,4133],{},[237,53800,53801,53802,53805,53806],{},"So ",[15,53803,53804],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53807,4133],{},[20,53809,11151],{},[43,53811,53813],{"className":45,"code":53812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53814,53815,53835,53849,53853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53816,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53818,8133],{"class":58},[52,53820,63],{"class":62},[52,53822,755],{"class":66},[52,53824,3339],{"class":103},[52,53826,91],{"class":66},[52,53828,1378],{"class":103},[52,53830,91],{"class":66},[52,53832,2801],{"class":103},[52,53834,766],{"class":66},[52,53836,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53838,8163],{"class":58},[52,53840,121],{"class":66},[52,53842,811],{"class":124},[52,53844,145],{"class":66},[52,53846,2855],{"class":103},[52,53848,151],{"class":66},[52,53850,53851],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53852,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53854,53855,53857,53859,53861],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53856,142],{"class":141},[52,53858,145],{"class":66},[52,53860,8163],{"class":124},[52,53862,151],{"class":66},[20,53864,173],{},[43,53866,53867],{"className":45,"code":53653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53868,53869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53870,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53872,513],{"class":66},[52,53874,3339],{"class":103},[52,53876,91],{"class":66},[52,53878,1378],{"class":103},[52,53880,91],{"class":66},[52,53882,2801],{"class":103},[52,53884,91],{"class":66},[52,53886,2807],{"class":103},[52,53888,766],{"class":66},[1335,53890,53892],{"id":53891},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53894,19042],{},[43,53896,53898],{"className":45,"code":53897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53899,53900,53924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53901,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53903,32017],{"class":58},[52,53905,63],{"class":62},[52,53907,755],{"class":66},[52,53909,3339],{"class":103},[52,53911,91],{"class":66},[52,53913,1378],{"class":103},[52,53915,808],{"class":66},[52,53917,811],{"class":124},[52,53919,145],{"class":66},[52,53921,2410],{"class":103},[52,53923,151],{"class":66},[52,53925,53926,53928,53930,53932],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53927,142],{"class":141},[52,53929,145],{"class":66},[52,53931,32036],{"class":124},[52,53933,151],{"class":66},[20,53935,173],{},[43,53937,53938],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53939,53940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53941,53942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53943,12141],{"class":218},[20,53945,53946,53947,53949],{},"Remember: ",[15,53948,52800],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1335,53951,53953],{"id":53952},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[43,53955,53956],{"className":45,"code":53401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53957,53958,53974,53992,53996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53959,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53961,3971],{"class":58},[52,53963,63],{"class":62},[52,53965,755],{"class":66},[52,53967,3339],{"class":103},[52,53969,91],{"class":66},[52,53971,1378],{"class":103},[52,53973,766],{"class":66},[52,53975,53976,53978,53980,53982,53984,53986,53988,53990],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,53977,4001],{"class":58},[52,53979,121],{"class":66},[52,53981,811],{"class":124},[52,53983,3336],{"class":66},[52,53985,2410],{"class":103},[52,53987,91],{"class":66},[52,53989,2807],{"class":103},[52,53991,913],{"class":66},[52,53993,53994],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53995,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,53997,53998,54000,54002,54004],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53999,142],{"class":141},[52,54001,145],{"class":66},[52,54003,4001],{"class":124},[52,54005,151],{"class":66},[20,54007,173],{},[43,54009,54010],{"className":45,"code":53456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54011,54012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54013,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54015,513],{"class":66},[52,54017,3339],{"class":103},[52,54019,91],{"class":66},[52,54021,1378],{"class":103},[52,54023,91],{"class":66},[52,54025,755],{"class":66},[52,54027,2410],{"class":103},[52,54029,91],{"class":66},[52,54031,2807],{"class":103},[52,54033,53390],{"class":66},[20,54035,3520,54036,54039,54040,6983],{},[15,54037,54038],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54041,53594],{},[1335,54043,54045],{"id":54044},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54047,54048,54050],{},[15,54049,52800],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54052,54053,54054,121],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[257,54055,54057],{"href":54056},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54058,54059],{},"list.insert()",[20,54061,309],{},[43,54063,54065],{"className":45,"code":54064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54066,54067,54091,54114,54118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54068,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54070,36229],{"class":58},[52,54072,63],{"class":62},[52,54074,755],{"class":66},[52,54076,71],{"class":70},[52,54078,257],{"class":74},[52,54080,71],{"class":70},[52,54082,91],{"class":66},[52,54084,83],{"class":70},[52,54086,10087],{"class":74},[52,54088,71],{"class":70},[52,54090,766],{"class":66},[52,54092,54093,54095,54097,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54094,36282],{"class":58},[52,54096,121],{"class":66},[52,54098,54099],{"class":124},"insert",[52,54101,145],{"class":66},[52,54103,3339],{"class":103},[52,54105,91],{"class":66},[52,54107,83],{"class":70},[52,54109,345],{"class":74},[52,54111,71],{"class":70},[52,54113,151],{"class":66},[52,54115,54116],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54117,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54119,54120,54122,54124,54126],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54121,142],{"class":141},[52,54123,145],{"class":66},[52,54125,36282],{"class":124},[52,54127,151],{"class":66},[20,54129,173],{},[43,54131,54132],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54133,54134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54135,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54137,513],{"class":66},[52,54139,186],{"class":70},[52,54141,257],{"class":74},[52,54143,186],{"class":70},[52,54145,91],{"class":66},[52,54147,195],{"class":70},[52,54149,345],{"class":74},[52,54151,186],{"class":70},[52,54153,91],{"class":66},[52,54155,195],{"class":70},[52,54157,10087],{"class":74},[52,54159,186],{"class":70},[52,54161,766],{"class":66},[38,54163,54165],{"id":54164},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54167,54168,54170],{},[15,54169,52800],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54172,36565],{},[234,54174,54175,54178,54181,54184],{},[237,54176,54177],{},"building a list in a loop",[237,54179,54180],{},"collecting user input",[237,54182,54183],{},"storing results step by step",[237,54185,54186],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54188,54189],{},"Example with a loop:",[43,54191,54193],{"className":45,"code":54192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54194,54195,54204,54208,54229,54248,54252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54196,54197,54200,54202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54198,54199],{"class":58},"squares ",[52,54201,63],{"class":62},[52,54203,8192],{"class":66},[52,54205,54206],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54207,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54209,54210,54212,54214,54216,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54211,6312],{"class":163},[52,54213,6741],{"class":58},[52,54215,4238],{"class":163},[52,54217,54218],{"class":141}," range",[52,54220,145],{"class":66},[52,54222,3339],{"class":103},[52,54224,91],{"class":66},[52,54226,4959],{"class":103},[52,54228,8696],{"class":66},[52,54230,54231,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54232,54233],{"class":58},"    squares",[52,54235,121],{"class":66},[52,54237,811],{"class":124},[52,54239,145],{"class":66},[52,54241,2564],{"class":124},[52,54243,40014],{"class":62},[52,54245,2544],{"class":124},[52,54247,151],{"class":66},[52,54249,54250],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,54251,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54253,54254,54256,54258,54261],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,54255,142],{"class":141},[52,54257,145],{"class":66},[52,54259,54260],{"class":124},"squares",[52,54262,151],{"class":66},[20,54264,173],{},[43,54266,54268],{"className":45,"code":54267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54269,54270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54271,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282,54285,54287,54289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54273,513],{"class":66},[52,54275,3339],{"class":103},[52,54277,91],{"class":66},[52,54279,2807],{"class":103},[52,54281,91],{"class":66},[52,54283,54284],{"class":103}," 9",[52,54286,91],{"class":66},[52,54288,1260],{"class":103},[52,54290,766],{"class":66},[38,54292,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,54294,54296],{"id":54295},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54298,46510,54299,54301,54302,121],{},[15,54300,52800],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54303,4133],{},[1335,54305,54307],{"id":54306},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54309,54310,54311,121],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[257,54312,54313],{"href":53492},[15,54314,53594],{},[1335,54316,54318],{"id":54317},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54320,54321],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54323,309],{},[43,54325,54327],{"className":45,"code":54326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54328,54329,54345,54363,54367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54330,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54332,1815],{"class":58},[52,54334,63],{"class":62},[52,54336,755],{"class":66},[52,54338,3339],{"class":103},[52,54340,91],{"class":66},[52,54342,1378],{"class":103},[52,54344,766],{"class":66},[52,54346,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54348,1868],{"class":58},[52,54350,121],{"class":66},[52,54352,811],{"class":124},[52,54354,3336],{"class":66},[52,54356,2410],{"class":103},[52,54358,91],{"class":66},[52,54360,2807],{"class":103},[52,54362,913],{"class":66},[52,54364,54365],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54366,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54368,54369,54371,54373,54375],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54370,142],{"class":141},[52,54372,145],{"class":66},[52,54374,1868],{"class":124},[52,54376,151],{"class":66},[20,54378,173],{},[43,54380,54381],{"className":45,"code":53456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54382,54383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54384,54385,54387,54389,54391,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54386,513],{"class":66},[52,54388,3339],{"class":103},[52,54390,91],{"class":66},[52,54392,1378],{"class":103},[52,54394,91],{"class":66},[52,54396,755],{"class":66},[52,54398,2410],{"class":103},[52,54400,91],{"class":66},[52,54402,2807],{"class":103},[52,54404,53390],{"class":66},[1335,54406,54408],{"id":54407},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54410,54411,54413,54414,54417],{},[15,54412,52800],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54415,54416],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[38,54419,2240],{"id":2239},[234,54421,54422,54427,54431,54436,54440],{},[237,54423,54424],{},[257,54425,54426],{"href":53196},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[237,54428,54429],{},[257,54430,53708],{"href":53492},[237,54432,54433],{},[257,54434,54435],{"href":54056},"Python list insert() method",[237,54437,54438],{},[257,54439,52919],{"href":51126},[237,54441,54442],{},[257,54443,54445],{"href":54444},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2278,54447,54448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":54450},[54451,54452,54453,54454,54455,54456,54462,54468,54469,54475],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":52879,"depth":110,"text":52880},{"id":5784,"depth":110,"text":5785},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":53200,"depth":110,"text":53201},{"id":53499,"depth":110,"text":53500,"children":54457},[54458,54460],{"id":53506,"depth":131,"text":54459},"Using append()",{"id":53591,"depth":131,"text":54461},"Using extend()",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":54463},[54464,54465,54466,54467],{"id":53713,"depth":131,"text":53714},{"id":53891,"depth":131,"text":53892},{"id":53952,"depth":131,"text":53953},{"id":54044,"depth":131,"text":54045},{"id":54164,"depth":110,"text":54165},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":54470},[54471,54472,54473,54474],{"id":54295,"depth":131,"text":54296},{"id":54306,"depth":131,"text":54307},{"id":54317,"depth":131,"text":54318},{"id":54407,"depth":131,"text":54408},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52790,"description":54476},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54483,"title":54484,"body":54485,"description":55729,"extension":2310,"meta":55730,"navigation":134,"path":55731,"seo":55732,"stem":55733,"__hash__":55734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54486,"toc":55694},[54487,54493,54499,54505,54507,54555,54560,54565,54569,54585,54591,54593,54596,54611,54613,54624,54626,54628,54685,54687,54695,54697,54713,54719,54721,54727,54731,54815,54818,54867,54874,54882,54885,54899,54912,54918,54993,55000,55007,55081,55089,55092,55103,55112,55116,55120,55131,55133,55210,55231,55233,55243,55246,55294,55296,55317,55320,55322,55373,55379,55386,55453,55459,55465,55468,55495,55500,55506,55509,55581,55584,55595,55601,55603,55609,55612,55618,55624,55631,55639,55645,55651,55653,55691],[10,54488,54490,54491,18],{"id":54489},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54492,2271],{},[20,54494,54495,54498],{},[15,54496,54497],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54500,54501,54502,54504],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[33,54503,11673],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[38,54506,3961],{"id":3960},[43,54508,54510],{"className":45,"code":54509,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54511,54512,54532,54542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54513,54514,54516,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54515,8133],{"class":58},[52,54517,63],{"class":62},[52,54519,755],{"class":66},[52,54521,3339],{"class":103},[52,54523,91],{"class":66},[52,54525,1378],{"class":103},[52,54527,91],{"class":66},[52,54529,2801],{"class":103},[52,54531,766],{"class":66},[52,54533,54534,54536,54538,54540],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54535,8163],{"class":58},[52,54537,121],{"class":66},[52,54539,11722],{"class":124},[52,54541,128],{"class":66},[52,54543,54544,54546,54548,54550,54552],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54545,142],{"class":141},[52,54547,145],{"class":66},[52,54549,8163],{"class":124},[52,54551,4014],{"class":66},[52,54553,54554],{"class":4017},"  # []\n",[20,54556,222,54557,54559],{},[15,54558,2271],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[38,54561,4031,54563,4034],{"id":54562},"what-listclear-does",[15,54564,54497],{},[20,54566,54567,80],{},[15,54568,54497],{},[234,54570,54571,54574,54577,54582],{},[237,54572,54573],{},"Removes every item from a list",[237,54575,54576],{},"Changes the original list in place",[237,54578,54579,54580],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54581,4142],{},[237,54583,54584],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54586,54587,54588,54590],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54589,2271],{},", but it contains no values.",[38,54592,269],{"id":268},[20,54594,54595],{},"Syntax:",[43,54597,54599],{"className":45,"code":54598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54600,54601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54602,54603,54605,54607,54609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54604,8693],{"class":58},[52,54606,121],{"class":66},[52,54608,11722],{"class":124},[52,54610,128],{"class":66},[20,54612,11798],{},[234,54614,54615,54618,54621],{},[237,54616,54617],{},"Call it on a list object",[237,54619,54620],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[237,54622,54623],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[38,54625,438],{"id":437},[20,54627,11815],{},[43,54629,54631],{"className":45,"code":54630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54632,54633,54657,54661,54671,54675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54634,54635,54637,54639,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653,54655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54636,3971],{"class":58},[52,54638,63],{"class":62},[52,54640,755],{"class":66},[52,54642,2679],{"class":103},[52,54644,91],{"class":66},[52,54646,104],{"class":103},[52,54648,91],{"class":66},[52,54650,8148],{"class":103},[52,54652,91],{"class":66},[52,54654,50990],{"class":103},[52,54656,766],{"class":66},[52,54658,54659],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54660,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54662,54663,54665,54667,54669],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54664,4001],{"class":58},[52,54666,121],{"class":66},[52,54668,11722],{"class":124},[52,54670,128],{"class":66},[52,54672,54673],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54674,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54676,54677,54679,54681,54683],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,54678,142],{"class":141},[52,54680,145],{"class":66},[52,54682,4001],{"class":124},[52,54684,151],{"class":66},[20,54686,173],{},[43,54688,54689],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54690,54691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54692,54693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54694,38438],{"class":66},[20,54696,12017],{},[234,54698,54699,54704,54710],{},[237,54700,54701,54703],{},[15,54702,4001],{}," starts with four items",[237,54705,54706,54709],{},[15,54707,54708],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[237,54711,54712],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54714,54715,54716,121],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[257,54717,52919],{"href":54718},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[38,54720,17546],{"id":17545},[20,54722,54723,2746,54725,121],{},[15,54724,2271],{},[15,54726,4133],{},[20,54728,41048,54729,52815],{},[33,54730,1332],{},[43,54732,54734],{"className":45,"code":54733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54735,54736,54768,54772,54786,54790,54803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54737,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54739,8133],{"class":58},[52,54741,63],{"class":62},[52,54743,755],{"class":66},[52,54745,71],{"class":70},[52,54747,257],{"class":74},[52,54749,71],{"class":70},[52,54751,91],{"class":66},[52,54753,83],{"class":70},[52,54755,345],{"class":74},[52,54757,71],{"class":70},[52,54759,91],{"class":66},[52,54761,83],{"class":70},[52,54763,10087],{"class":74},[52,54765,71],{"class":70},[52,54767,766],{"class":66},[52,54769,54770],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54771,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54773,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54775,2577],{"class":58},[52,54777,63],{"class":62},[52,54779,6320],{"class":58},[52,54781,121],{"class":66},[52,54783,11722],{"class":124},[52,54785,128],{"class":66},[52,54787,54788],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54789,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54791,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,54793,142],{"class":141},[52,54795,145],{"class":66},[52,54797,8163],{"class":124},[52,54799,4014],{"class":66},[52,54801,54802],{"class":4017},"   # []\n",[52,54804,54805,54807,54809,54811,54813],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,54806,142],{"class":141},[52,54808,145],{"class":66},[52,54810,2612],{"class":124},[52,54812,4014],{"class":66},[52,54814,21005],{"class":4017},[20,54816,54817],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[43,54819,54821],{"className":45,"code":54820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54822,54823,54843,54857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54824,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54826,8133],{"class":58},[52,54828,63],{"class":62},[52,54830,755],{"class":66},[52,54832,3339],{"class":103},[52,54834,91],{"class":66},[52,54836,1378],{"class":103},[52,54838,91],{"class":66},[52,54840,2801],{"class":103},[52,54842,766],{"class":66},[52,54844,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54846,8133],{"class":58},[52,54848,63],{"class":62},[52,54850,6320],{"class":58},[52,54852,121],{"class":66},[52,54854,11722],{"class":124},[52,54856,128],{"class":66},[52,54858,54859,54861,54863,54865],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54860,142],{"class":141},[52,54862,145],{"class":66},[52,54864,8163],{"class":124},[52,54866,151],{"class":66},[20,54868,12249,54869,42298,54871,54873],{},[15,54870,8163],{},[15,54872,4133],{},", not an empty list.",[38,54875,54877,54879,54880],{"id":54876},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54878,2271],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54881,4142],{},[20,54883,54884],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[43,54886,54887],{"className":45,"code":54598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54888,54889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54890,54891,54893,54895,54897],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54892,8693],{"class":58},[52,54894,121],{"class":66},[52,54896,11722],{"class":124},[52,54898,128],{"class":66},[43,54900,54902],{"className":45,"code":54901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n",[15,54903,54904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54905,54906,54908,54910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54907,8662],{"class":58},[52,54909,63],{"class":62},[52,54911,8192],{"class":66},[1335,54913,54915,54917],{"id":54914},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54916,2271],{}," empties the same list object",[43,54919,54921],{"className":45,"code":54920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54922,54923,54943,54951,54955,54965,54969,54981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54924,54925,54927,54929,54931,54933,54935,54937,54939,54941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54926,2905],{"class":58},[52,54928,63],{"class":62},[52,54930,755],{"class":66},[52,54932,3339],{"class":103},[52,54934,91],{"class":66},[52,54936,1378],{"class":103},[52,54938,91],{"class":66},[52,54940,2801],{"class":103},[52,54942,766],{"class":66},[52,54944,54945,54947,54949],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,54946,2933],{"class":58},[52,54948,63],{"class":62},[52,54950,36314],{"class":58},[52,54952,54953],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54954,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54956,54957,54959,54961,54963],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54958,257],{"class":58},[52,54960,121],{"class":66},[52,54962,11722],{"class":124},[52,54964,128],{"class":66},[52,54966,54967],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,54968,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,54970,54971,54973,54975,54977,54979],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,54972,142],{"class":141},[52,54974,145],{"class":66},[52,54976,257],{"class":124},[52,54978,4014],{"class":66},[52,54980,54554],{"class":4017},[52,54982,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,54984,142],{"class":141},[52,54986,145],{"class":66},[52,54988,345],{"class":124},[52,54990,4014],{"class":66},[52,54992,54554],{"class":4017},[20,54994,10936,54995,2218,54997,54999],{},[15,54996,257],{},[15,54998,345],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1335,55001,55003,55006],{"id":55002},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55004,55005],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[43,55008,55010],{"className":45,"code":55009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55011,55012,55032,55040,55044,55052,55056,55068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55013,55014,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55015,2905],{"class":58},[52,55017,63],{"class":62},[52,55019,755],{"class":66},[52,55021,3339],{"class":103},[52,55023,91],{"class":66},[52,55025,1378],{"class":103},[52,55027,91],{"class":66},[52,55029,2801],{"class":103},[52,55031,766],{"class":66},[52,55033,55034,55036,55038],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55035,2933],{"class":58},[52,55037,63],{"class":62},[52,55039,36314],{"class":58},[52,55041,55042],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55043,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55045,55046,55048,55050],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55047,2905],{"class":58},[52,55049,63],{"class":62},[52,55051,8192],{"class":66},[52,55053,55054],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,55055,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55057,55058,55060,55062,55064,55066],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,55059,142],{"class":141},[52,55061,145],{"class":66},[52,55063,257],{"class":124},[52,55065,4014],{"class":66},[52,55067,54554],{"class":4017},[52,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,55071,142],{"class":141},[52,55073,145],{"class":66},[52,55075,345],{"class":124},[52,55077,4014],{"class":66},[52,55079,55080],{"class":4017},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55082,20900,55083,55085,55086,55088],{},[15,55084,257],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55087,345],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55090,55091],{},"This difference matters when:",[234,55093,55094,55097,55100],{},[237,55095,55096],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[237,55098,55099],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[237,55101,55102],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55104,55105,55106,121],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[257,55107,55109,55110,2264],{"href":55108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55111,17],{},[38,55113,1063,55114],{"id":12765},[15,55115,2271],{},[20,55117,222,55118,6672],{},[15,55119,2271],{},[234,55121,55122,55125,55128],{},[237,55123,55124],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[237,55126,55127],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[237,55129,55130],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55132,309],{},[43,55134,55136],{"className":45,"code":55135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55137,55138,55174,55178,55183,55194,55198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55139,55140,55143,55145,55147,55149,55152,55154,55156,55158,55161,55163,55165,55167,55170,55172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55141,55142],{"class":58},"shopping_cart ",[52,55144,63],{"class":62},[52,55146,755],{"class":66},[52,55148,71],{"class":70},[52,55150,55151],{"class":74},"milk",[52,55153,71],{"class":70},[52,55155,91],{"class":66},[52,55157,83],{"class":70},[52,55159,55160],{"class":74},"bread",[52,55162,71],{"class":70},[52,55164,91],{"class":66},[52,55166,83],{"class":70},[52,55168,55169],{"class":74},"eggs",[52,55171,71],{"class":70},[52,55173,766],{"class":66},[52,55175,55176],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55177,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55179,55180],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55181,55182],{"class":4017},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[52,55184,55185,55188,55190,55192],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55186,55187],{"class":58},"shopping_cart",[52,55189,121],{"class":66},[52,55191,11722],{"class":124},[52,55193,128],{"class":66},[52,55195,55196],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,55197,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55199,55200,55202,55204,55206,55208],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,55201,142],{"class":141},[52,55203,145],{"class":66},[52,55205,55187],{"class":124},[52,55207,4014],{"class":66},[52,55209,54554],{"class":4017},[20,55211,55212,55213,55217,55218,55224,55225,121],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[257,55214,55216],{"href":55215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[257,55219,55221,2264],{"href":55220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55222,55223],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[257,55226,55228,2264],{"href":55227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55229,55230],{},"list.pop()",[38,55232,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,55234,55236,55237,2034,55240],{"id":55235},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55238,55239],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55241,55242],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55244,55245],{},"This does not call the method.",[43,55247,55249],{"className":45,"code":55248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55250,55251,55271,55275,55284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55252,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55254,8133],{"class":58},[52,55256,63],{"class":62},[52,55258,755],{"class":66},[52,55260,3339],{"class":103},[52,55262,91],{"class":66},[52,55264,1378],{"class":103},[52,55266,91],{"class":66},[52,55268,2801],{"class":103},[52,55270,766],{"class":66},[52,55272,55273],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55274,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55276,55277,55279,55281],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55278,8163],{"class":58},[52,55280,121],{"class":66},[52,55282,55283],{"class":24881},"clear\n",[52,55285,55286,55288,55290,55292],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55287,142],{"class":141},[52,55289,145],{"class":66},[52,55291,8163],{"class":124},[52,55293,151],{"class":66},[20,55295,173],{},[43,55297,55299],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55300,55301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55302,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55304,513],{"class":66},[52,55306,3339],{"class":103},[52,55308,91],{"class":66},[52,55310,1378],{"class":103},[52,55312,91],{"class":66},[52,55314,2801],{"class":103},[52,55316,766],{"class":66},[20,55318,55319],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55321,11151],{},[43,55323,55325],{"className":45,"code":55324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55326,55327,55347,55351,55361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55328,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55330,8133],{"class":58},[52,55332,63],{"class":62},[52,55334,755],{"class":66},[52,55336,3339],{"class":103},[52,55338,91],{"class":66},[52,55340,1378],{"class":103},[52,55342,91],{"class":66},[52,55344,2801],{"class":103},[52,55346,766],{"class":66},[52,55348,55349],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55350,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55352,55353,55355,55357,55359],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55354,8163],{"class":58},[52,55356,121],{"class":66},[52,55358,11722],{"class":124},[52,55360,128],{"class":66},[52,55362,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55364,142],{"class":141},[52,55366,145],{"class":66},[52,55368,8163],{"class":124},[52,55370,4014],{"class":66},[52,55372,54554],{"class":4017},[1335,55374,8807,55376,55378],{"id":55375},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55377,2271],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55380,55381,2746,55383,55385],{},[15,55382,2271],{},[15,55384,4133],{},", not the list.",[43,55387,55389],{"className":45,"code":55388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55390,55391,55411,55425,55429,55441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55392,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407,55409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55394,8133],{"class":58},[52,55396,63],{"class":62},[52,55398,755],{"class":66},[52,55400,3339],{"class":103},[52,55402,91],{"class":66},[52,55404,1378],{"class":103},[52,55406,91],{"class":66},[52,55408,2801],{"class":103},[52,55410,766],{"class":66},[52,55412,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421,55423],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55414,2577],{"class":58},[52,55416,63],{"class":62},[52,55418,6320],{"class":58},[52,55420,121],{"class":66},[52,55422,11722],{"class":124},[52,55424,128],{"class":66},[52,55426,55427],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55428,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55430,55431,55433,55435,55437,55439],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55432,142],{"class":141},[52,55434,145],{"class":66},[52,55436,2612],{"class":124},[52,55438,4014],{"class":66},[52,55440,21005],{"class":4017},[52,55442,55443,55445,55447,55449,55451],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,55444,142],{"class":141},[52,55446,145],{"class":66},[52,55448,8163],{"class":124},[52,55450,4014],{"class":66},[52,55452,54802],{"class":4017},[1335,55454,1326,55456,55458],{"id":55455},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55457,2271],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55460,55461,55462,55464],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55463,2271],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55466,55467],{},"This will fail:",[43,55469,55471],{"className":45,"code":55470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55472,55473,55485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55474,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55476,34824],{"class":58},[52,55478,63],{"class":62},[52,55480,83],{"class":70},[52,55482,4201],{"class":74},[52,55484,3710],{"class":70},[52,55486,55487,55489,55491,55493],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55488,34845],{"class":58},[52,55490,121],{"class":66},[52,55492,11722],{"class":124},[52,55494,128],{"class":66},[20,55496,55497,55498,33736],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55499,2271],{},[20,55501,55502,55503,55505],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55504,4133],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55507,55508],{},"Useful checks:",[43,55510,55512],{"className":45,"code":55511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55513,55514,55524,55538,55552,55561,55571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55515,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55517,142],{"class":141},[52,55519,145],{"class":66},[52,55521,8693],{"class":124},[52,55523,151],{"class":66},[52,55525,55526,55528,55530,55532,55534,55536],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55527,142],{"class":141},[52,55529,145],{"class":66},[52,55531,3573],{"class":3251},[52,55533,145],{"class":66},[52,55535,8693],{"class":124},[52,55537,2120],{"class":66},[52,55539,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548,55550],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55541,142],{"class":141},[52,55543,145],{"class":66},[52,55545,2103],{"class":141},[52,55547,145],{"class":66},[52,55549,8693],{"class":124},[52,55551,2120],{"class":66},[52,55553,55554,55556,55558],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55555,43693],{"class":58},[52,55557,63],{"class":62},[52,55559,55560],{"class":58}," my_list\n",[52,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,55564,8693],{"class":58},[52,55566,121],{"class":66},[52,55568,11722],{"class":124},[52,55570,128],{"class":66},[52,55572,55573,55575,55577,55579],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,55574,142],{"class":141},[52,55576,145],{"class":66},[52,55578,30877],{"class":124},[52,55580,151],{"class":66},[20,55582,55583],{},"These can help you see:",[234,55585,55586,55589,55592],{},[237,55587,55588],{},"What the variable currently contains",[237,55590,55591],{},"Whether it is really a list",[237,55593,55594],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55596,55597,55598,121],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[257,55599,55600],{"href":54444},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[38,55602,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,55604,2195,55606,55608],{"id":55605},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55607,54497],{}," delete the list?",[20,55610,55611],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1335,55613,2195,55615,55617],{"id":55614},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55616,54497],{}," return a new list?",[20,55619,55620,55621,55623],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55622,4133],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1335,55625,2215,55627,2218,55629,2221],{"id":55626},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55628,2271],{},[15,55630,55005],{},[20,55632,55633,55635,55636,55638],{},[15,55634,2271],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55637,55005],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1335,55640,28461,55642,55644],{"id":55641},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55643,2271],{}," on other types?",[20,55646,55647,55648,55650],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55649,2271],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[38,55652,2240],{"id":2239},[234,55654,55655,55659,55664,55671,55678,55684],{},[237,55656,55657],{},[257,55658,52919],{"href":54718},[237,55660,55661],{},[257,55662,55663],{"href":55215},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[237,55665,55666],{},[257,55667,55668,55669,2264],{"href":55227},"Python list ",[15,55670,13087],{},[237,55672,55673],{},[257,55674,55668,55675,2264],{"href":55220},[15,55676,55677],{},"remove()",[237,55679,55680],{},[257,55681,55668,55682,2264],{"href":55108},[15,55683,17],{},[237,55685,55686],{},[257,55687,30481,55688,33769],{"href":54444},[15,55689,55690],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2278,55692,55693],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":55695},[55696,55697,55699,55700,55701,55702,55709,55710,55718,55728],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":54562,"depth":110,"text":55698},"What list.clear() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":54876,"depth":110,"text":55703,"children":55704},"clear() vs assigning []",[55705,55707],{"id":54914,"depth":131,"text":55706},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55002,"depth":131,"text":55708},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12765,"depth":110,"text":13132},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":55711},[55712,55714,55716],{"id":55235,"depth":131,"text":55713},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55375,"depth":131,"text":55715},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55455,"depth":131,"text":55717},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":55719},[55720,55722,55724,55726],{"id":55605,"depth":131,"text":55721},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55614,"depth":131,"text":55723},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55626,"depth":131,"text":55725},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55641,"depth":131,"text":55727},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54484,"description":55729},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55736,"title":55737,"body":55738,"description":57423,"extension":2310,"meta":57424,"navigation":134,"path":57425,"seo":57426,"stem":57427,"__hash__":57428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55739,"toc":57391},[55740,55745,55751,55759,55761,55850,55857,55862,55866,55880,55882,55959,55961,56022,56025,56027,56029,56050,56053,56067,56070,56115,56117,56125,56128,56134,56140,56143,56220,56222,56267,56270,56275,56358,56360,56401,56406,56410,56416,56418,56426,56429,56522,56524,56582,56585,56601,56606,56616,56621,56623,56628,56633,56636,56638,56695,56698,56751,56757,56762,56766,56783,56785,56869,56871,56912,56920,56922,56927,56933,56935,56998,57003,57073,57077,57112,57115,57117,57156,57160,57236,57242,57248,57253,57275,57278,57297,57305,57307,57313,57316,57323,57331,57336,57339,57343,57349,57357,57360,57362,57388],[10,55741,54490,55743,18],{"id":55742},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55744,17],{},[20,55746,55747,55750],{},[15,55748,55749],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55752,55753,55754,1329,55756,55758],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55755,63],{},[33,55757,1332],{}," make a real copy.",[38,55760,41],{"id":40},[43,55762,55764],{"className":45,"code":55763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55765,55766,55786,55801,55805,55820,55824,55837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55767,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55769,3971],{"class":58},[52,55771,63],{"class":62},[52,55773,755],{"class":66},[52,55775,3339],{"class":103},[52,55777,91],{"class":66},[52,55779,1378],{"class":103},[52,55781,91],{"class":66},[52,55783,2801],{"class":103},[52,55785,766],{"class":66},[52,55787,55788,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55789,55790],{"class":58},"new_numbers ",[52,55792,63],{"class":62},[52,55794,4617],{"class":58},[52,55796,121],{"class":66},[52,55798,125],{"class":124},[52,55800,128],{"class":66},[52,55802,55803],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55804,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55806,55807,55810,55812,55814,55816,55818],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55808,55809],{"class":58},"new_numbers",[52,55811,121],{"class":66},[52,55813,811],{"class":124},[52,55815,145],{"class":66},[52,55817,2855],{"class":103},[52,55819,151],{"class":66},[52,55821,55822],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,55823,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55825,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,55827,142],{"class":141},[52,55829,145],{"class":66},[52,55831,4001],{"class":124},[52,55833,4014],{"class":66},[52,55835,55836],{"class":4017},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,55838,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,55840,142],{"class":141},[52,55842,145],{"class":66},[52,55844,55809],{"class":124},[52,55846,4014],{"class":66},[52,55848,55849],{"class":4017},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55851,222,55852,55854,55855,121],{},[15,55853,55749],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[33,55856,35],{},[38,55858,4031,55860,4034],{"id":55859},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55861,55749],{},[20,55863,55864,80],{},[15,55865,55749],{},[234,55867,55868,55871,55874,55877],{},[237,55869,55870],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[237,55872,55873],{},"Returns that new list",[237,55875,55876],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[237,55878,55879],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55881,309],{},[43,55883,55885],{"className":45,"code":55884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55886,55887,55919,55934,55938,55948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55888,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55890,36378],{"class":58},[52,55892,63],{"class":62},[52,55894,755],{"class":66},[52,55896,71],{"class":70},[52,55898,4432],{"class":74},[52,55900,71],{"class":70},[52,55902,91],{"class":66},[52,55904,83],{"class":70},[52,55906,4441],{"class":74},[52,55908,71],{"class":70},[52,55910,91],{"class":66},[52,55912,83],{"class":70},[52,55914,33356],{"class":74},[52,55916,71],{"class":70},[52,55918,766],{"class":66},[52,55920,55921,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55922,55923],{"class":58},"copied_fruits ",[52,55925,63],{"class":62},[52,55927,52999],{"class":58},[52,55929,121],{"class":66},[52,55931,125],{"class":124},[52,55933,128],{"class":66},[52,55935,55936],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55937,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,55939,55940,55942,55944,55946],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55941,142],{"class":141},[52,55943,145],{"class":66},[52,55945,36430],{"class":124},[52,55947,151],{"class":66},[52,55949,55950,55952,55954,55957],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,55951,142],{"class":141},[52,55953,145],{"class":66},[52,55955,55956],{"class":124},"copied_fruits",[52,55958,151],{"class":66},[20,55960,173],{},[43,55962,55964],{"className":45,"code":55963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55965,55966,55994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55967,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55969,513],{"class":66},[52,55971,186],{"class":70},[52,55973,4432],{"class":74},[52,55975,186],{"class":70},[52,55977,91],{"class":66},[52,55979,195],{"class":70},[52,55981,4441],{"class":74},[52,55983,186],{"class":70},[52,55985,91],{"class":66},[52,55987,195],{"class":70},[52,55989,33356],{"class":74},[52,55991,186],{"class":70},[52,55993,766],{"class":66},[52,55995,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,55997,513],{"class":66},[52,55999,186],{"class":70},[52,56001,4432],{"class":74},[52,56003,186],{"class":70},[52,56005,91],{"class":66},[52,56007,195],{"class":70},[52,56009,4441],{"class":74},[52,56011,186],{"class":70},[52,56013,91],{"class":66},[52,56015,195],{"class":70},[52,56017,33356],{"class":74},[52,56019,186],{"class":70},[52,56021,766],{"class":66},[20,56023,56024],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[38,56026,269],{"id":268},[20,56028,2507],{},[43,56030,56032],{"className":45,"code":56031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56033,56034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56035,56036,56039,56041,56044,56046,56048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56037,56038],{"class":58},"new_list ",[52,56040,63],{"class":62},[52,56042,56043],{"class":58}," old_list",[52,56045,121],{"class":66},[52,56047,125],{"class":124},[52,56049,128],{"class":66},[20,56051,56052],{},"How it works:",[234,56054,56055,56061,56064],{},[237,56056,56057,56058,56060],{},"Call ",[15,56059,17],{}," on an existing list",[237,56062,56063],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[237,56065,56066],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56068,56069],{},"Example with an empty list:",[43,56071,56073],{"className":45,"code":56072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56074,56075,56084,56100,56104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56076,56077,56080,56082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56078,56079],{"class":58},"empty_list ",[52,56081,63],{"class":62},[52,56083,8192],{"class":66},[52,56085,56086,56089,56091,56094,56096,56098],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56087,56088],{"class":58},"new_empty_list ",[52,56090,63],{"class":62},[52,56092,56093],{"class":58}," empty_list",[52,56095,121],{"class":66},[52,56097,125],{"class":124},[52,56099,128],{"class":66},[52,56101,56102],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56103,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56105,56106,56108,56110,56113],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56107,142],{"class":141},[52,56109,145],{"class":66},[52,56111,56112],{"class":124},"new_empty_list",[52,56114,151],{"class":66},[20,56116,173],{},[43,56118,56119],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,56120,56121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56122,56123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56124,38438],{"class":66},[20,56126,56127],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[38,56129,56131,56132],{"id":56130},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56133,63],{},[20,56135,1326,56136,1329,56138,52815],{},[15,56137,63],{},[33,56139,1332],{},[20,56141,56142],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[43,56144,56146],{"className":45,"code":56145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56147,56148,56168,56177,56181,56196,56200,56210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56149,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56151,3971],{"class":58},[52,56153,63],{"class":62},[52,56155,755],{"class":66},[52,56157,3339],{"class":103},[52,56159,91],{"class":66},[52,56161,1378],{"class":103},[52,56163,91],{"class":66},[52,56165,2801],{"class":103},[52,56167,766],{"class":66},[52,56169,56170,56173,56175],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56171,56172],{"class":58},"same_list ",[52,56174,63],{"class":62},[52,56176,44126],{"class":58},[52,56178,56179],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56180,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56182,56183,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56184,56185],{"class":58},"same_list",[52,56187,121],{"class":66},[52,56189,811],{"class":124},[52,56191,145],{"class":66},[52,56193,2855],{"class":103},[52,56195,151],{"class":66},[52,56197,56198],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,56199,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56201,56202,56204,56206,56208],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,56203,142],{"class":141},[52,56205,145],{"class":66},[52,56207,4001],{"class":124},[52,56209,151],{"class":66},[52,56211,56212,56214,56216,56218],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,56213,142],{"class":141},[52,56215,145],{"class":66},[52,56217,56185],{"class":124},[52,56219,151],{"class":66},[20,56221,173],{},[43,56223,56225],{"className":45,"code":56224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56226,56227,56247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56228,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56230,513],{"class":66},[52,56232,3339],{"class":103},[52,56234,91],{"class":66},[52,56236,1378],{"class":103},[52,56238,91],{"class":66},[52,56240,2801],{"class":103},[52,56242,91],{"class":66},[52,56244,2807],{"class":103},[52,56246,766],{"class":66},[52,56248,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56250,513],{"class":66},[52,56252,3339],{"class":103},[52,56254,91],{"class":66},[52,56256,1378],{"class":103},[52,56258,91],{"class":66},[52,56260,2801],{"class":103},[52,56262,91],{"class":66},[52,56264,2807],{"class":103},[52,56266,766],{"class":66},[20,56268,56269],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56271,56272,56273,80],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56274,17],{},[43,56276,56278],{"className":45,"code":56277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56279,56280,56300,56315,56319,56334,56338,56348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56281,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294,56296,56298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56283,3971],{"class":58},[52,56285,63],{"class":62},[52,56287,755],{"class":66},[52,56289,3339],{"class":103},[52,56291,91],{"class":66},[52,56293,1378],{"class":103},[52,56295,91],{"class":66},[52,56297,2801],{"class":103},[52,56299,766],{"class":66},[52,56301,56302,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56303,56304],{"class":58},"copied_numbers ",[52,56306,63],{"class":62},[52,56308,4617],{"class":58},[52,56310,121],{"class":66},[52,56312,125],{"class":124},[52,56314,128],{"class":66},[52,56316,56317],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56318,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56320,56321,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56322,56323],{"class":58},"copied_numbers",[52,56325,121],{"class":66},[52,56327,811],{"class":124},[52,56329,145],{"class":66},[52,56331,2855],{"class":103},[52,56333,151],{"class":66},[52,56335,56336],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,56337,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56339,56340,56342,56344,56346],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,56341,142],{"class":141},[52,56343,145],{"class":66},[52,56345,4001],{"class":124},[52,56347,151],{"class":66},[52,56349,56350,56352,56354,56356],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,56351,142],{"class":141},[52,56353,145],{"class":66},[52,56355,56323],{"class":124},[52,56357,151],{"class":66},[20,56359,173],{},[43,56361,56363],{"className":45,"code":56362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56364,56365,56381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56366,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56368,513],{"class":66},[52,56370,3339],{"class":103},[52,56372,91],{"class":66},[52,56374,1378],{"class":103},[52,56376,91],{"class":66},[52,56378,2801],{"class":103},[52,56380,766],{"class":66},[52,56382,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56384,513],{"class":66},[52,56386,3339],{"class":103},[52,56388,91],{"class":66},[52,56390,1378],{"class":103},[52,56392,91],{"class":66},[52,56394,2801],{"class":103},[52,56396,91],{"class":66},[52,56398,2807],{"class":103},[52,56400,766],{"class":66},[20,56402,56403,56404,121],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[257,56405,52919],{"href":51126},[38,56407,56409],{"id":56408},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56411,56412,31,56414,121],{},[15,56413,55749],{},[33,56415,35],{},[20,56417,694],{},[234,56419,56420,56423],{},[237,56421,56422],{},"The outer list is new",[237,56424,56425],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56427,56428],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[43,56430,56432],{"className":45,"code":56431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56433,56434,56461,56475,56479,56498,56502,56512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56435,56436,56438,56440,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56437,1348],{"class":58},[52,56439,63],{"class":62},[52,56441,56442],{"class":66}," [[",[52,56444,3339],{"class":103},[52,56446,91],{"class":66},[52,56448,1378],{"class":103},[52,56450,18190],{"class":66},[52,56452,755],{"class":66},[52,56454,2410],{"class":103},[52,56456,91],{"class":66},[52,56458,2807],{"class":103},[52,56460,53390],{"class":66},[52,56462,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56464,1597],{"class":58},[52,56466,63],{"class":62},[52,56468,1435],{"class":58},[52,56470,121],{"class":66},[52,56472,125],{"class":124},[52,56474,128],{"class":66},[52,56476,56477],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56478,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56480,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56496],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56482,1616],{"class":58},[52,56484,513],{"class":66},[52,56486,2467],{"class":103},[52,56488,808],{"class":66},[52,56490,811],{"class":124},[52,56492,145],{"class":66},[52,56494,56495],{"class":103},"99",[52,56497,151],{"class":66},[52,56499,56500],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,56501,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56503,56504,56506,56508,56510],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,56505,142],{"class":141},[52,56507,145],{"class":66},[52,56509,2068],{"class":124},[52,56511,151],{"class":66},[52,56513,56514,56516,56518,56520],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,56515,142],{"class":141},[52,56517,145],{"class":66},[52,56519,1616],{"class":124},[52,56521,151],{"class":66},[20,56523,173],{},[43,56525,56527],{"className":45,"code":56526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56528,56529,56556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56530,56531,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56532,56533],{"class":66},"[[",[52,56535,3339],{"class":103},[52,56537,91],{"class":66},[52,56539,1378],{"class":103},[52,56541,91],{"class":66},[52,56543,1499],{"class":103},[52,56545,18190],{"class":66},[52,56547,755],{"class":66},[52,56549,2410],{"class":103},[52,56551,91],{"class":66},[52,56553,2807],{"class":103},[52,56555,53390],{"class":66},[52,56557,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56559,56533],{"class":66},[52,56561,3339],{"class":103},[52,56563,91],{"class":66},[52,56565,1378],{"class":103},[52,56567,91],{"class":66},[52,56569,1499],{"class":103},[52,56571,18190],{"class":66},[52,56573,755],{"class":66},[52,56575,2410],{"class":103},[52,56577,91],{"class":66},[52,56579,2807],{"class":103},[52,56581,53390],{"class":66},[20,56583,56584],{},"Why did both change?",[234,56586,56587,56594],{},[237,56588,56589,2218,56591,56593],{},[15,56590,2068],{},[15,56592,1616],{}," are different outer lists",[237,56595,56596,56597,56600],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56598,56599],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56602,53801,56603,56605],{},[15,56604,17],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[234,56607,56608,56611,56614],{},[237,56609,56610],{},"Numbers",[237,56612,56613],{},"Strings",[237,56615,40737],{},[20,56617,56618,56619,121],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[257,56620,1059],{"href":1058},[38,56622,17546],{"id":17545},[20,56624,56625,56627],{},[15,56626,55749],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56629,41048,56630,56632],{},[33,56631,1332],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56634,56635],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56637,16782],{},[43,56639,56641],{"className":45,"code":56640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56642,56643,56667,56681,56685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56644,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56646,319],{"class":58},[52,56648,63],{"class":62},[52,56650,755],{"class":66},[52,56652,71],{"class":70},[52,56654,336],{"class":74},[52,56656,71],{"class":70},[52,56658,91],{"class":66},[52,56660,83],{"class":70},[52,56662,354],{"class":74},[52,56664,71],{"class":70},[52,56666,766],{"class":66},[52,56668,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56670,363],{"class":58},[52,56672,63],{"class":62},[52,56674,368],{"class":58},[52,56676,121],{"class":66},[52,56678,125],{"class":124},[52,56680,128],{"class":66},[52,56682,56683],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56684,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56686,56687,56689,56691,56693],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56688,142],{"class":141},[52,56690,145],{"class":66},[52,56692,387],{"class":124},[52,56694,151],{"class":66},[20,56696,56697],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[43,56699,56701],{"className":45,"code":56700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56702,56703,56727,56737,56741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56704,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56706,319],{"class":58},[52,56708,63],{"class":62},[52,56710,755],{"class":66},[52,56712,71],{"class":70},[52,56714,336],{"class":74},[52,56716,71],{"class":70},[52,56718,91],{"class":66},[52,56720,83],{"class":70},[52,56722,354],{"class":74},[52,56724,71],{"class":70},[52,56726,766],{"class":66},[52,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56730,17630],{"class":58},[52,56732,121],{"class":66},[52,56734,125],{"class":124},[52,56736,128],{"class":66},[52,56738,56739],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56740,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56742,56743,56745,56747,56749],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56744,142],{"class":141},[52,56746,145],{"class":66},[52,56748,17630],{"class":124},[52,56750,151],{"class":66},[20,56752,56753,56754,56756],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56755,17],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[38,56758,1063,56760],{"id":56759},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56761,55749],{},[20,56763,222,56764,1070],{},[15,56765,55749],{},[234,56767,56768,56771,56774,56777],{},[237,56769,56770],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[237,56772,56773],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[237,56775,56776],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[237,56778,56779,56780],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56781,56782],{},"[:]",[20,56784,309],{},[43,56786,56788],{"className":45,"code":56787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56789,56790,56810,56825,56829,56844,56848,56858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56791,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56793,5416],{"class":58},[52,56795,63],{"class":62},[52,56797,755],{"class":66},[52,56799,2679],{"class":103},[52,56801,91],{"class":66},[52,56803,104],{"class":103},[52,56805,91],{"class":66},[52,56807,8148],{"class":103},[52,56809,766],{"class":66},[52,56811,56812,56815,56817,56819,56821,56823],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56813,56814],{"class":58},"backup_scores ",[52,56816,63],{"class":62},[52,56818,5463],{"class":58},[52,56820,121],{"class":66},[52,56822,125],{"class":124},[52,56824,128],{"class":66},[52,56826,56827],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56828,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56830,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56842],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56832,16515],{"class":58},[52,56834,121],{"class":66},[52,56836,811],{"class":124},[52,56838,145],{"class":66},[52,56840,56841],{"class":103},"40",[52,56843,151],{"class":66},[52,56845,56846],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,56847,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56849,56850,56852,56854,56856],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,56851,142],{"class":141},[52,56853,145],{"class":66},[52,56855,16515],{"class":124},[52,56857,151],{"class":66},[52,56859,56860,56862,56864,56867],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,56861,142],{"class":141},[52,56863,145],{"class":66},[52,56865,56866],{"class":124},"backup_scores",[52,56868,151],{"class":66},[20,56870,173],{},[43,56872,56874],{"className":45,"code":56873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56875,56876,56896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56877,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56879,513],{"class":66},[52,56881,2679],{"class":103},[52,56883,91],{"class":66},[52,56885,104],{"class":103},[52,56887,91],{"class":66},[52,56889,8148],{"class":103},[52,56891,91],{"class":66},[52,56893,50990],{"class":103},[52,56895,766],{"class":66},[52,56897,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56899,513],{"class":66},[52,56901,2679],{"class":103},[52,56903,91],{"class":66},[52,56905,104],{"class":103},[52,56907,91],{"class":66},[52,56909,8148],{"class":103},[52,56911,766],{"class":66},[20,56913,56914,56915,121],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[257,56916,55668,56918,2264],{"href":56917},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56919,52800],{},[38,56921,4873],{"id":4872},[20,56923,56924,56925,121],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56926,55749],{},[1335,56928,1326,56930,56932],{"id":56929},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56931,63],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56934,39340],{},[43,56936,56938],{"className":45,"code":56937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56939,56940,56960,56968,56982,56986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56941,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56943,2905],{"class":58},[52,56945,63],{"class":62},[52,56947,755],{"class":66},[52,56949,3339],{"class":103},[52,56951,91],{"class":66},[52,56953,1378],{"class":103},[52,56955,91],{"class":66},[52,56957,2801],{"class":103},[52,56959,766],{"class":66},[52,56961,56962,56964,56966],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,56963,2933],{"class":58},[52,56965,63],{"class":62},[52,56967,36314],{"class":58},[52,56969,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56971,345],{"class":58},[52,56973,121],{"class":66},[52,56975,811],{"class":124},[52,56977,145],{"class":66},[52,56979,2855],{"class":103},[52,56981,151],{"class":66},[52,56983,56984],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56985,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,56987,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,56989,142],{"class":141},[52,56991,145],{"class":66},[52,56993,257],{"class":124},[52,56995,4014],{"class":66},[52,56997,55849],{"class":4017},[20,56999,57000,57001,6983],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57002,17],{},[43,57004,57006],{"className":45,"code":57005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57007,57008,57028,57043,57057,57061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57009,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57011,2905],{"class":58},[52,57013,63],{"class":62},[52,57015,755],{"class":66},[52,57017,3339],{"class":103},[52,57019,91],{"class":66},[52,57021,1378],{"class":103},[52,57023,91],{"class":66},[52,57025,2801],{"class":103},[52,57027,766],{"class":66},[52,57029,57030,57032,57034,57037,57039,57041],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57031,2933],{"class":58},[52,57033,63],{"class":62},[52,57035,57036],{"class":58}," a",[52,57038,121],{"class":66},[52,57040,125],{"class":124},[52,57042,128],{"class":66},[52,57044,57045,57047,57049,57051,57053,57055],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57046,345],{"class":58},[52,57048,121],{"class":66},[52,57050,811],{"class":124},[52,57052,145],{"class":66},[52,57054,2855],{"class":103},[52,57056,151],{"class":66},[52,57058,57059],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,57060,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,57062,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,57064,142],{"class":141},[52,57066,145],{"class":66},[52,57068,257],{"class":124},[52,57070,4014],{"class":66},[52,57072,55080],{"class":4017},[1335,57074,57076],{"id":57075},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[43,57078,57080],{"className":45,"code":57079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57081,57082,57102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57083,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57085,3971],{"class":58},[52,57087,63],{"class":62},[52,57089,755],{"class":66},[52,57091,3339],{"class":103},[52,57093,91],{"class":66},[52,57095,1378],{"class":103},[52,57097,91],{"class":66},[52,57099,2801],{"class":103},[52,57101,766],{"class":66},[52,57103,57104,57106,57108,57110],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57105,4001],{"class":58},[52,57107,121],{"class":66},[52,57109,125],{"class":124},[52,57111,128],{"class":66},[20,57113,57114],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57116,39403],{},[43,57118,57120],{"className":45,"code":57119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57121,57122,57142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57123,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57125,3971],{"class":58},[52,57127,63],{"class":62},[52,57129,755],{"class":66},[52,57131,3339],{"class":103},[52,57133,91],{"class":66},[52,57135,1378],{"class":103},[52,57137,91],{"class":66},[52,57139,2801],{"class":103},[52,57141,766],{"class":66},[52,57143,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57145,56304],{"class":58},[52,57147,63],{"class":62},[52,57149,4617],{"class":58},[52,57151,121],{"class":66},[52,57153,125],{"class":124},[52,57155,128],{"class":66},[1335,57157,57159],{"id":57158},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[43,57161,57163],{"className":45,"code":57162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57164,57165,57183,57197,57201,57219,57223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57166,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177,57179,57181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57168,2905],{"class":58},[52,57170,63],{"class":62},[52,57172,56442],{"class":66},[52,57174,3339],{"class":103},[52,57176,18190],{"class":66},[52,57178,755],{"class":66},[52,57180,2404],{"class":103},[52,57182,53390],{"class":66},[52,57184,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57186,2933],{"class":58},[52,57188,63],{"class":62},[52,57190,57036],{"class":58},[52,57192,121],{"class":66},[52,57194,125],{"class":124},[52,57196,128],{"class":66},[52,57198,57199],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57200,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,57202,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,57204,345],{"class":58},[52,57206,513],{"class":66},[52,57208,2467],{"class":103},[52,57210,808],{"class":66},[52,57212,811],{"class":124},[52,57214,145],{"class":66},[52,57216,56495],{"class":103},[52,57218,151],{"class":66},[52,57220,57221],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,57222,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,57224,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,57226,142],{"class":141},[52,57228,145],{"class":66},[52,57230,257],{"class":124},[52,57232,4014],{"class":66},[52,57234,57235],{"class":4017},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57237,57238,57239,57241],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57240,55749],{}," is shallow.",[1335,57243,25748,57245,57247],{"id":57244},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57246,17],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57249,57250,57252],{},[15,57251,17],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[43,57254,57256],{"className":45,"code":57255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57257,57258,57270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57259,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57261,8230],{"class":58},[52,57263,63],{"class":62},[52,57265,83],{"class":70},[52,57267,5356],{"class":74},[52,57269,3710],{"class":70},[52,57271,57272],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57273,57274],{"class":4017},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57276,57277],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[43,57279,57281],{"className":45,"code":57280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57282,57283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57284,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57286,142],{"class":141},[52,57288,145],{"class":66},[52,57290,3573],{"class":3251},[52,57292,145],{"class":66},[52,57294,75],{"class":124},[52,57296,2120],{"class":66},[20,57298,57299,57300,57304],{},"You can also review ",[257,57301,57303],{"href":57302},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[38,57306,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,57308,2195,57310,57312],{"id":57309},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57311,55749],{}," change the original list?",[20,57314,57315],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1335,57317,2215,57319,2218,57321,2221],{"id":57318},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57320,55749],{},[15,57322,63],{},[20,57324,57325,57327,57328,57330],{},[15,57326,17],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57329,63],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1335,57332,2205,57334,2208],{"id":57333},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57335,55749],{},[20,57337,57338],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1335,57340,57342],{"id":57341},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57344,42295,57345,57348],{},[15,57346,57347],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1335,57350,2205,57352,57354,57355,2221],{"id":57351},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57353,55749],{}," the same as ",[15,57356,56782],{},[20,57358,57359],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[38,57361,2240],{"id":2239},[234,57363,57364,57369,57373,57378,57384],{},[237,57365,57366],{},[257,57367,2276],{"href":57368},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[237,57370,57371],{},[257,57372,52919],{"href":51126},[237,57374,57375],{},[257,57376,57377],{"href":57302},"Creating a list in Python",[237,57379,57380],{},[257,57381,55668,57382,2264],{"href":56917},[15,57383,52800],{},[237,57385,57386],{},[257,57387,1059],{"href":1058},[2278,57389,57390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":57392},[57393,57394,57396,57397,57399,57400,57401,57403,57411,57422],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":55859,"depth":110,"text":57395},"What list.copy() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":56130,"depth":110,"text":57398},"Why not use =",{"id":56408,"depth":110,"text":56409},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":56759,"depth":110,"text":57402},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":57404},[57405,57407,57408,57409],{"id":56929,"depth":131,"text":57406},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57075,"depth":131,"text":57076},{"id":57158,"depth":131,"text":57159},{"id":57244,"depth":131,"text":57410},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":57412},[57413,57415,57417,57419,57420],{"id":57309,"depth":131,"text":57414},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57318,"depth":131,"text":57416},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57333,"depth":131,"text":57418},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57341,"depth":131,"text":57342},{"id":57351,"depth":131,"text":57421},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55737,"description":57423},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57430,"title":57431,"body":57432,"description":59174,"extension":2310,"meta":59175,"navigation":134,"path":59176,"seo":59177,"stem":59178,"__hash__":59179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57433,"toc":59133},[57434,57440,57446,57449,57460,57463,57465,57528,57534,57539,57543,57557,57560,57565,57570,57572,57574,57593,57605,57607,57674,57676,57684,57689,57691,57699,57702,57719,57721,57845,57856,57860,57865,57868,57870,57888,57892,57978,57987,57995,58064,58066,58069,58081,58086,58090,58161,58164,58168,58172,58237,58239,58247,58251,58334,58336,58344,58348,58409,58411,58419,58423,58510,58512,58520,58525,58530,58533,58544,58546,58631,58636,58645,58647,58651,58655,58660,58722,58726,58734,58740,58749,58754,58803,58806,58827,58831,58893,58900,58905,58908,58995,58998,59009,59012,59032,59034,59040,59043,59047,59051,59057,59060,59066,59073,59081,59092,59094,59130],[10,57435,54490,57437,18],{"id":57436},"python-list-count-method",[15,57438,57439],{},"count()",[20,57441,57442,57445],{},[15,57443,57444],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57447,57448],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[234,57450,57451,57454,57457],{},[237,57452,57453],{},"count one specific item",[237,57455,57456],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[237,57458,57459],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57461,57462],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[38,57464,3961],{"id":3960},[43,57466,57468],{"className":45,"code":57467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57469,57470,57498,57516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57471,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57473,3971],{"class":58},[52,57475,63],{"class":62},[52,57477,755],{"class":66},[52,57479,3339],{"class":103},[52,57481,91],{"class":66},[52,57483,1378],{"class":103},[52,57485,91],{"class":66},[52,57487,1378],{"class":103},[52,57489,91],{"class":66},[52,57491,2801],{"class":103},[52,57493,91],{"class":66},[52,57495,1378],{"class":103},[52,57497,766],{"class":66},[52,57499,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57501,2577],{"class":58},[52,57503,63],{"class":62},[52,57505,4617],{"class":58},[52,57507,121],{"class":66},[52,57509,41402],{"class":124},[52,57511,145],{"class":66},[52,57513,2404],{"class":103},[52,57515,151],{"class":66},[52,57517,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57519,142],{"class":141},[52,57521,145],{"class":66},[52,57523,2612],{"class":124},[52,57525,4014],{"class":66},[52,57527,50917],{"class":4017},[20,57529,222,57530,57533],{},[15,57531,57532],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[38,57535,4031,57537,4034],{"id":57536},"what-listcount-does",[15,57538,57444],{},[20,57540,57541,80],{},[15,57542,57444],{},[234,57544,57545,57548,57551,57554],{},[237,57546,57547],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[237,57549,57550],{},"returns an integer",[237,57552,57553],{},"does not change the original list",[237,57555,57556],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57558,57559],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57561,57562,57563,121],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57564,2410],{},[20,57566,57567,57568,121],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57569,2467],{},[38,57571,269],{"id":268},[20,57573,2507],{},[43,57575,57577],{"className":45,"code":57576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57578,57579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57580,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57582,8693],{"class":58},[52,57584,121],{"class":66},[52,57586,41402],{"class":124},[52,57588,145],{"class":66},[52,57590,2823],{"class":124},[52,57592,151],{"class":66},[234,57594,57595,57600],{},[237,57596,57597,57599],{},[15,57598,8693],{}," is the list you want to search",[237,57601,57602,57604],{},[15,57603,2823],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57606,309],{},[43,57608,57610],{"className":45,"code":57609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57611,57612,57652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57613,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57615,36229],{"class":58},[52,57617,63],{"class":62},[52,57619,755],{"class":66},[52,57621,71],{"class":70},[52,57623,257],{"class":74},[52,57625,71],{"class":70},[52,57627,91],{"class":66},[52,57629,83],{"class":70},[52,57631,345],{"class":74},[52,57633,71],{"class":70},[52,57635,91],{"class":66},[52,57637,83],{"class":70},[52,57639,257],{"class":74},[52,57641,71],{"class":70},[52,57643,91],{"class":66},[52,57645,83],{"class":70},[52,57647,10087],{"class":74},[52,57649,71],{"class":70},[52,57651,766],{"class":66},[52,57653,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57655,142],{"class":141},[52,57657,145],{"class":66},[52,57659,36282],{"class":124},[52,57661,121],{"class":66},[52,57663,41402],{"class":124},[52,57665,145],{"class":66},[52,57667,71],{"class":70},[52,57669,257],{"class":74},[52,57671,71],{"class":70},[52,57673,2120],{"class":66},[20,57675,173],{},[43,57677,57678],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57679,57680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57681,57682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57683,17183],{"class":103},[20,57685,57686,57687,121],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57688,2467],{},[38,57690,38161],{"id":38160},[20,57692,57693,57694,57696,57697,121],{},"The return value from ",[15,57695,57439],{}," is always an ",[15,57698,2535],{},[20,57700,57701],{},"Possible results:",[234,57703,57704,57709,57714],{},[237,57705,57706,57708],{},[15,57707,2467],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[237,57710,57711,57713],{},[15,57712,3339],{}," if it appears once",[237,57715,57716,57718],{},[15,57717,2404],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57720,309],{},[43,57722,57724],{"className":45,"code":57723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57725,57726,57766,57770,57795,57820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57729,319],{"class":58},[52,57731,63],{"class":62},[52,57733,755],{"class":66},[52,57735,71],{"class":70},[52,57737,336],{"class":74},[52,57739,71],{"class":70},[52,57741,91],{"class":66},[52,57743,83],{"class":70},[52,57745,354],{"class":74},[52,57747,71],{"class":70},[52,57749,91],{"class":66},[52,57751,83],{"class":70},[52,57753,17583],{"class":74},[52,57755,71],{"class":70},[52,57757,91],{"class":66},[52,57759,83],{"class":70},[52,57761,354],{"class":74},[52,57763,71],{"class":70},[52,57765,766],{"class":66},[52,57767,57768],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57769,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,57771,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57773,142],{"class":141},[52,57775,145],{"class":66},[52,57777,17630],{"class":124},[52,57779,121],{"class":66},[52,57781,41402],{"class":124},[52,57783,145],{"class":66},[52,57785,71],{"class":70},[52,57787,354],{"class":74},[52,57789,71],{"class":70},[52,57791,5715],{"class":66},[52,57793,57794],{"class":4017},"   # 2\n",[52,57796,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,57798,142],{"class":141},[52,57800,145],{"class":66},[52,57802,17630],{"class":124},[52,57804,121],{"class":66},[52,57806,41402],{"class":124},[52,57808,145],{"class":66},[52,57810,71],{"class":70},[52,57812,336],{"class":74},[52,57814,71],{"class":70},[52,57816,5715],{"class":66},[52,57818,57819],{"class":4017},"    # 1\n",[52,57821,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,57823,142],{"class":141},[52,57825,145],{"class":66},[52,57827,17630],{"class":124},[52,57829,121],{"class":66},[52,57831,41402],{"class":124},[52,57833,145],{"class":66},[52,57835,71],{"class":70},[52,57837,22654],{"class":74},[52,57839,71],{"class":70},[52,57841,5715],{"class":66},[52,57843,57844],{"class":4017}," # 0\n",[20,57846,57847,57848,57850,57851,57853,57854,121],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57849,57439],{}," works, but using ",[15,57852,4238],{}," is often simpler. See ",[257,57855,6552],{"href":6551},[38,57857,57859],{"id":57858},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57861,57862,57864],{},[15,57863,57444],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57866,57867],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57869,43794],{},[234,57871,57872,57875,57878,57885],{},[237,57873,57874],{},"matches are based on equality",[237,57876,57877],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[237,57879,57880,2218,57882,57884],{},[15,57881,3339],{},[15,57883,1048],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[237,57886,57887],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1335,57889,57891],{"id":57890},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[43,57893,57895],{"className":45,"code":57894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57896,57897,57930,57954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57898,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57900,4423],{"class":58},[52,57902,63],{"class":62},[52,57904,755],{"class":66},[52,57906,71],{"class":70},[52,57908,4432],{"class":74},[52,57910,71],{"class":70},[52,57912,91],{"class":66},[52,57914,83],{"class":70},[52,57916,57917],{"class":74},"Apple",[52,57919,71],{"class":70},[52,57921,91],{"class":66},[52,57923,83],{"class":70},[52,57925,4432],{"class":74},[52,57927,71],{"class":70},[52,57929,766],{"class":66},[52,57931,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,57933,142],{"class":141},[52,57935,145],{"class":66},[52,57937,4467],{"class":124},[52,57939,121],{"class":66},[52,57941,41402],{"class":124},[52,57943,145],{"class":66},[52,57945,71],{"class":70},[52,57947,4432],{"class":74},[52,57949,71],{"class":70},[52,57951,5715],{"class":66},[52,57953,51562],{"class":4017},[52,57955,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57957,142],{"class":141},[52,57959,145],{"class":66},[52,57961,4467],{"class":124},[52,57963,121],{"class":66},[52,57965,41402],{"class":124},[52,57967,145],{"class":66},[52,57969,71],{"class":70},[52,57971,57917],{"class":74},[52,57973,71],{"class":70},[52,57975,5715],{"class":66},[52,57977,27912],{"class":4017},[20,57979,57980,2218,57983,57986],{},[15,57981,57982],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57984,57985],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1335,57988,57990,2218,57992,57994],{"id":57989},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57991,3339],{},[15,57993,1048],{}," can match",[43,57996,57998],{"className":45,"code":57997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57999,58000,58024,58044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58001,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58003,4178],{"class":58},[52,58005,63],{"class":62},[52,58007,755],{"class":66},[52,58009,3339],{"class":103},[52,58011,91],{"class":66},[52,58013,4270],{"class":218},[52,58015,91],{"class":66},[52,58017,1378],{"class":103},[52,58019,91],{"class":66},[52,58021,1364],{"class":103},[52,58023,766],{"class":66},[52,58025,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58027,142],{"class":141},[52,58029,145],{"class":66},[52,58031,5712],{"class":124},[52,58033,121],{"class":66},[52,58035,41402],{"class":124},[52,58037,145],{"class":66},[52,58039,3339],{"class":103},[52,58041,5715],{"class":66},[52,58043,51065],{"class":4017},[52,58045,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58047,142],{"class":141},[52,58049,145],{"class":66},[52,58051,5712],{"class":124},[52,58053,121],{"class":66},[52,58055,41402],{"class":124},[52,58057,145],{"class":66},[52,58059,1048],{"class":218},[52,58061,5715],{"class":66},[52,58063,50917],{"class":4017},[20,58065,4764],{},[20,58067,58068],{},"In Python:",[234,58070,58071,58076],{},[237,58072,58073],{},[15,58074,58075],{},"True == 1",[237,58077,58078],{},[15,58079,58080],{},"False == 0",[20,58082,53801,58083,58085],{},[15,58084,57439],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1335,58087,58089],{"id":58088},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[43,58091,58093],{"className":45,"code":58092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58094,58095,58137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58096,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58098,8133],{"class":58},[52,58100,63],{"class":62},[52,58102,56442],{"class":66},[52,58104,3339],{"class":103},[52,58106,91],{"class":66},[52,58108,1378],{"class":103},[52,58110,18190],{"class":66},[52,58112,755],{"class":66},[52,58114,2410],{"class":103},[52,58116,91],{"class":66},[52,58118,2807],{"class":103},[52,58120,18190],{"class":66},[52,58122,755],{"class":66},[52,58124,3339],{"class":103},[52,58126,91],{"class":66},[52,58128,1378],{"class":103},[52,58130,18190],{"class":66},[52,58132,755],{"class":66},[52,58134,3339],{"class":103},[52,58136,53390],{"class":66},[52,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58140,142],{"class":141},[52,58142,145],{"class":66},[52,58144,8163],{"class":124},[52,58146,121],{"class":66},[52,58148,41402],{"class":124},[52,58150,3336],{"class":66},[52,58152,3339],{"class":103},[52,58154,91],{"class":66},[52,58156,1378],{"class":103},[52,58158,5089],{"class":66},[52,58160,51562],{"class":4017},[20,58162,58163],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[38,58165,58167],{"id":58166},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1335,58169,58171],{"id":58170},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[43,58173,58175],{"className":45,"code":58174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58176,58177,58205,58223,58227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58178,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58180,3971],{"class":58},[52,58182,63],{"class":62},[52,58184,755],{"class":66},[52,58186,2679],{"class":103},[52,58188,91],{"class":66},[52,58190,104],{"class":103},[52,58192,91],{"class":66},[52,58194,1972],{"class":103},[52,58196,91],{"class":66},[52,58198,8148],{"class":103},[52,58200,91],{"class":66},[52,58202,1972],{"class":103},[52,58204,766],{"class":66},[52,58206,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58208,2577],{"class":58},[52,58210,63],{"class":62},[52,58212,4617],{"class":58},[52,58214,121],{"class":66},[52,58216,41402],{"class":124},[52,58218,145],{"class":66},[52,58220,2679],{"class":103},[52,58222,151],{"class":66},[52,58224,58225],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58226,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,58228,58229,58231,58233,58235],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58230,142],{"class":141},[52,58232,145],{"class":66},[52,58234,2612],{"class":124},[52,58236,151],{"class":66},[20,58238,173],{},[43,58240,58241],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58242,58243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58244,58245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58246,46762],{"class":103},[1335,58248,58250],{"id":58249},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[43,58252,58254],{"className":45,"code":58253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58255,58256,58298,58320,58324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58257,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58294,58296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58259,4423],{"class":58},[52,58261,63],{"class":62},[52,58263,755],{"class":66},[52,58265,71],{"class":70},[52,58267,37187],{"class":74},[52,58269,71],{"class":70},[52,58271,91],{"class":66},[52,58273,83],{"class":70},[52,58275,58276],{"class":74},"dog",[52,58278,71],{"class":70},[52,58280,91],{"class":66},[52,58282,83],{"class":70},[52,58284,37187],{"class":74},[52,58286,71],{"class":70},[52,58288,91],{"class":66},[52,58290,83],{"class":70},[52,58292,58293],{"class":74},"bird",[52,58295,71],{"class":70},[52,58297,766],{"class":66},[52,58299,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58301,2577],{"class":58},[52,58303,63],{"class":62},[52,58305,6522],{"class":58},[52,58307,121],{"class":66},[52,58309,41402],{"class":124},[52,58311,145],{"class":66},[52,58313,71],{"class":70},[52,58315,37187],{"class":74},[52,58317,71],{"class":70},[52,58319,151],{"class":66},[52,58321,58322],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58323,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,58325,58326,58328,58330,58332],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58327,142],{"class":141},[52,58329,145],{"class":66},[52,58331,2612],{"class":124},[52,58333,151],{"class":66},[20,58335,173],{},[43,58337,58338],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58339,58340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58341,58342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58343,17183],{"class":103},[1335,58345,58347],{"id":58346},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[43,58349,58351],{"className":45,"code":58350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58352,58353,58377,58395,58399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58354,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58356,3971],{"class":58},[52,58358,63],{"class":62},[52,58360,755],{"class":66},[52,58362,3339],{"class":103},[52,58364,91],{"class":66},[52,58366,1378],{"class":103},[52,58368,91],{"class":66},[52,58370,2801],{"class":103},[52,58372,91],{"class":66},[52,58374,2807],{"class":103},[52,58376,766],{"class":66},[52,58378,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58380,2577],{"class":58},[52,58382,63],{"class":62},[52,58384,4617],{"class":58},[52,58386,121],{"class":66},[52,58388,41402],{"class":124},[52,58390,145],{"class":66},[52,58392,2484],{"class":103},[52,58394,151],{"class":66},[52,58396,58397],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58398,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,58400,58401,58403,58405,58407],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58402,142],{"class":141},[52,58404,145],{"class":66},[52,58406,2612],{"class":124},[52,58408,151],{"class":66},[20,58410,173],{},[43,58412,58413],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58414,58415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58416,58417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58418,47397],{"class":103},[1335,58420,58422],{"id":58421},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[43,58424,58426],{"className":45,"code":58425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58427,58428,58474,58496,58500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58429,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58431,1815],{"class":58},[52,58433,63],{"class":62},[52,58435,56442],{"class":66},[52,58437,3339],{"class":103},[52,58439,91],{"class":66},[52,58441,1378],{"class":103},[52,58443,18190],{"class":66},[52,58445,755],{"class":66},[52,58447,3339],{"class":103},[52,58449,91],{"class":66},[52,58451,1378],{"class":103},[52,58453,18190],{"class":66},[52,58455,755],{"class":66},[52,58457,2404],{"class":103},[52,58459,91],{"class":66},[52,58461,2801],{"class":103},[52,58463,18190],{"class":66},[52,58465,755],{"class":66},[52,58467,3339],{"class":103},[52,58469,91],{"class":66},[52,58471,1378],{"class":103},[52,58473,53390],{"class":66},[52,58475,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58477,2577],{"class":58},[52,58479,63],{"class":62},[52,58481,1853],{"class":58},[52,58483,121],{"class":66},[52,58485,41402],{"class":124},[52,58487,3336],{"class":66},[52,58489,3339],{"class":103},[52,58491,91],{"class":66},[52,58493,1378],{"class":103},[52,58495,913],{"class":66},[52,58497,58498],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58499,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,58501,58502,58504,58506,58508],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58503,142],{"class":141},[52,58505,145],{"class":66},[52,58507,2612],{"class":124},[52,58509,151],{"class":66},[20,58511,173],{},[43,58513,58514],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58515,58516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58517,58518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58519,46762],{"class":103},[38,58521,1063,58523],{"id":58522},"when-to-use-count",[15,58524,57439],{},[20,58526,222,58527,58529],{},[15,58528,57439],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58531,58532],{},"Good use cases:",[234,58534,58535,58538,58541],{},[237,58536,58537],{},"counting one specific item",[237,58539,58540],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[237,58542,58543],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58545,309],{},[43,58547,58549],{"className":45,"code":58548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58550,58551,58592,58616,58620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58552,58553,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58554,58555],{"class":58},"votes ",[52,58557,63],{"class":62},[52,58559,755],{"class":66},[52,58561,71],{"class":70},[52,58563,9012],{"class":74},[52,58565,71],{"class":70},[52,58567,91],{"class":66},[52,58569,83],{"class":70},[52,58571,8952],{"class":74},[52,58573,71],{"class":70},[52,58575,91],{"class":66},[52,58577,83],{"class":70},[52,58579,9012],{"class":74},[52,58581,71],{"class":70},[52,58583,91],{"class":66},[52,58585,83],{"class":70},[52,58587,9012],{"class":74},[52,58589,71],{"class":70},[52,58591,766],{"class":66},[52,58593,58594,58597,58599,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58595,58596],{"class":58},"yes_votes ",[52,58598,63],{"class":62},[52,58600,58601],{"class":58}," votes",[52,58603,121],{"class":66},[52,58605,41402],{"class":124},[52,58607,145],{"class":66},[52,58609,71],{"class":70},[52,58611,9012],{"class":74},[52,58613,71],{"class":70},[52,58615,151],{"class":66},[52,58617,58618],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58619,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,58621,58622,58624,58626,58629],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58623,142],{"class":141},[52,58625,145],{"class":66},[52,58627,58628],{"class":124},"yes_votes",[52,58630,151],{"class":66},[20,58632,58633,58635],{},[15,58634,57439],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58637,58638,58639,2218,58641,121],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[257,58640,52919],{"href":51126},[257,58642,58644],{"href":58643},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[38,58646,2022],{"id":2021},[20,58648,8801,58649,121],{},[15,58650,57444],{},[1335,58652,58654],{"id":58653},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58656,58657,58659],{},[15,58658,57444],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[43,58661,58663],{"className":45,"code":58662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58664,58665,58698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58666,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58668,4423],{"class":58},[52,58670,63],{"class":62},[52,58672,755],{"class":66},[52,58674,71],{"class":70},[52,58676,58677],{"class":74},"apple pie",[52,58679,71],{"class":70},[52,58681,91],{"class":66},[52,58683,83],{"class":70},[52,58685,4441],{"class":74},[52,58687,71],{"class":70},[52,58689,91],{"class":66},[52,58691,83],{"class":70},[52,58693,58677],{"class":74},[52,58695,71],{"class":70},[52,58697,766],{"class":66},[52,58699,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58701,142],{"class":141},[52,58703,145],{"class":66},[52,58705,4467],{"class":124},[52,58707,121],{"class":66},[52,58709,41402],{"class":124},[52,58711,145],{"class":66},[52,58713,71],{"class":70},[52,58715,4432],{"class":74},[52,58717,71],{"class":70},[52,58719,5715],{"class":66},[52,58721,51394],{"class":4017},[20,58723,2839,58724,2221],{},[15,58725,2467],{},[20,58727,29194,58728,58730,58731,121],{},[15,58729,57982],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58732,58733],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58735,58736,58737,121],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58738,58739],{},"str.count()",[1335,58741,8807,58743,8810,58745,261,58747],{"id":58742},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58744,57439],{},[15,58746,1048],{},[15,58748,1039],{},[20,58750,58751,58753],{},[15,58752,57439],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[43,58755,58757],{"className":45,"code":58756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58758,58759,58783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58760,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58762,3971],{"class":58},[52,58764,63],{"class":62},[52,58766,755],{"class":66},[52,58768,3339],{"class":103},[52,58770,91],{"class":66},[52,58772,1378],{"class":103},[52,58774,91],{"class":66},[52,58776,1378],{"class":103},[52,58778,91],{"class":66},[52,58780,2801],{"class":103},[52,58782,766],{"class":66},[52,58784,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58786,142],{"class":141},[52,58788,145],{"class":66},[52,58790,4001],{"class":124},[52,58792,121],{"class":66},[52,58794,41402],{"class":124},[52,58796,145],{"class":66},[52,58798,2404],{"class":103},[52,58800,5715],{"class":66},[52,58802,51562],{"class":4017},[20,58804,58805],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[43,58807,58809],{"className":45,"code":58808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58810,58811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58812,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58814,142],{"class":141},[52,58816,145],{"class":66},[52,58818,2404],{"class":103},[52,58820,21303],{"class":163},[52,58822,4617],{"class":124},[52,58824,4014],{"class":66},[52,58826,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,58828,58830],{"id":58829},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[43,58832,58834],{"className":45,"code":58833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58835,58836,58869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58837,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58865,58867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58839,5347],{"class":58},[52,58841,63],{"class":62},[52,58843,755],{"class":66},[52,58845,71],{"class":70},[52,58847,8030],{"class":74},[52,58849,71],{"class":70},[52,58851,91],{"class":66},[52,58853,83],{"class":70},[52,58855,20347],{"class":74},[52,58857,71],{"class":70},[52,58859,91],{"class":66},[52,58861,83],{"class":70},[52,58863,58864],{"class":74},"SAM",[52,58866,71],{"class":70},[52,58868,766],{"class":66},[52,58870,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58872,142],{"class":141},[52,58874,145],{"class":66},[52,58876,5391],{"class":124},[52,58878,121],{"class":66},[52,58880,41402],{"class":124},[52,58882,145],{"class":66},[52,58884,71],{"class":70},[52,58886,20347],{"class":74},[52,58888,71],{"class":70},[52,58890,5715],{"class":66},[52,58892,27912],{"class":4017},[20,58894,58895,58896,58899],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58897,58898],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1335,58901,29783,58903,33684],{"id":58902},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58904,57439],{},[20,58906,58907],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[43,58909,58911],{"className":45,"code":58910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58912,58913,58923,58937,58955,58969,58981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58914,58915,58917,58919,58921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58916,142],{"class":141},[52,58918,145],{"class":66},[52,58920,8693],{"class":124},[52,58922,151],{"class":66},[52,58924,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,58926,142],{"class":141},[52,58928,145],{"class":66},[52,58930,3573],{"class":3251},[52,58932,145],{"class":66},[52,58934,8693],{"class":124},[52,58936,2120],{"class":66},[52,58938,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58940,142],{"class":141},[52,58942,145],{"class":66},[52,58944,8693],{"class":124},[52,58946,121],{"class":66},[52,58948,41402],{"class":124},[52,58950,145],{"class":66},[52,58952,2823],{"class":124},[52,58954,2120],{"class":66},[52,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58958,142],{"class":141},[52,58960,145],{"class":66},[52,58962,2796],{"class":124},[52,58964,4238],{"class":163},[52,58966,8750],{"class":124},[52,58968,151],{"class":66},[52,58970,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,58972,6312],{"class":163},[52,58974,6315],{"class":58},[52,58976,4238],{"class":163},[52,58978,8750],{"class":58},[52,58980,6748],{"class":66},[52,58982,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,58984,8423],{"class":141},[52,58986,145],{"class":66},[52,58988,41922],{"class":141},[52,58990,145],{"class":66},[52,58992,23441],{"class":124},[52,58994,2120],{"class":66},[20,58996,58997],{},"These checks can help you see:",[234,58999,59000,59003,59006],{},[237,59001,59002],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[237,59004,59005],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[237,59007,59008],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59010,59011],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[234,59013,59014,59019,59022,59029],{},[237,59015,50638,59016,59018],{},[15,59017,57439],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[237,59020,59021],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[237,59023,11450,59024,59026,59027],{},[15,59025,57444],{}," with string ",[15,59028,57439],{},[237,59030,59031],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[38,59033,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,59035,2195,59037,59039],{"id":59036},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59038,57444],{}," change the list?",[20,59041,59042],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1335,59044,59046],{"id":59045},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59048,12244,59049,121],{},[15,59050,2467],{},[1335,59052,5523,59054,59056],{"id":59053},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59055,57444],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59058,59059],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1335,59061,2205,59063,59065],{"id":59062},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59064,57444],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59067,42295,59068,2218,59070,59072],{},[15,59069,57985],{},[15,59071,57982],{}," are different values.",[1335,59074,5511,59076,59078,59079,2221],{"id":59075},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59077,1048],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59080,3339],{},[20,59082,9140,59083,59085,59086,2218,59088,59085,59090,121],{},[15,59084,1048],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59087,3339],{},[15,59089,1039],{},[15,59091,2467],{},[38,59093,2240],{"id":2239},[234,59095,59096,59100,59106,59110,59118,59125],{},[237,59097,59098],{},[257,59099,52919],{"href":51126},[237,59101,59102],{},[257,59103,59105],{"href":59104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[237,59107,59108],{},[257,59109,7288],{"href":6551},[237,59111,59112],{},[257,59113,55668,59115,2264],{"href":59114},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59116,59117],{},"index()",[237,59119,59120],{},[257,59121,3928,59123],{"href":59122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59124,42504],{},[237,59126,59127],{},[257,59128,59129],{"href":58643},"What is a list in Python",[2278,59131,59132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":59134},[59135,59136,59138,59139,59140,59146,59152,59154,59162,59173],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":57536,"depth":110,"text":59137},"What list.count() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":38160,"depth":110,"text":38161},{"id":57858,"depth":110,"text":57859,"children":59141},[59142,59143,59145],{"id":57890,"depth":131,"text":57891},{"id":57989,"depth":131,"text":59144},"1 and True can match",{"id":58088,"depth":131,"text":58089},{"id":58166,"depth":110,"text":58167,"children":59147},[59148,59149,59150,59151],{"id":58170,"depth":131,"text":58171},{"id":58249,"depth":131,"text":58250},{"id":58346,"depth":131,"text":58347},{"id":58421,"depth":131,"text":58422},{"id":58522,"depth":110,"text":59153},"When to use count()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":59155},[59156,59157,59159,59160],{"id":58653,"depth":131,"text":58654},{"id":58742,"depth":131,"text":59158},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58829,"depth":131,"text":58830},{"id":58902,"depth":131,"text":59161},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":59163},[59164,59166,59167,59169,59171],{"id":59036,"depth":131,"text":59165},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59045,"depth":131,"text":59046},{"id":59053,"depth":131,"text":59168},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59062,"depth":131,"text":59170},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59075,"depth":131,"text":59172},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57431,"description":59174},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59181,"title":59182,"body":59183,"description":61146,"extension":2310,"meta":61147,"navigation":134,"path":61148,"seo":61149,"stem":61150,"__hash__":61151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59184,"toc":61109},[59185,59188,59191,59193,59321,59325,59406,59417,59419,59438,59442,59445,59448,59466,59468,59511,59515,59540,59549,59553,59558,59561,59678,59682,59751,59755,59767,59771,59774,59815,59819,59832,59835,59920,59924,59957,59964,59970,59975,59977,59989,59993,60026,60030,60062,60066,60103,60107,60127,60131,60165,60169,60198,60209,60213,60216,60219,60232,60289,60293,60332,60338,60341,60343,60346,60350,60353,60378,60380,60405,60412,60415,60460,60464,60483,60486,60525,60532,60537,60571,60575,60676,60683,60716,60720,60746,60750,60753,60791,60794,60831,60835,60838,60857,60861,60922,60924,60942,60946,60949,60952,60981,60983,60987,60990,60998,61002,61005,61025,61031,61037,61041,61044,61051,61059,61061,61100,61106],[10,59186,59182],{"id":59187},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59189,59190],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[38,59192,3961],{"id":3960},[43,59194,59196],{"className":45,"code":59195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59197,59198,59218,59250,59258,59276,59280,59290,59300,59311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59199,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59201,3971],{"class":58},[52,59203,63],{"class":62},[52,59205,755],{"class":66},[52,59207,3339],{"class":103},[52,59209,91],{"class":66},[52,59211,1378],{"class":103},[52,59213,91],{"class":66},[52,59215,2801],{"class":103},[52,59217,766],{"class":66},[52,59219,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59221,5347],{"class":58},[52,59223,63],{"class":62},[52,59225,755],{"class":66},[52,59227,71],{"class":70},[52,59229,86],{"class":74},[52,59231,71],{"class":70},[52,59233,91],{"class":66},[52,59235,83],{"class":70},[52,59237,36079],{"class":74},[52,59239,71],{"class":70},[52,59241,91],{"class":66},[52,59243,83],{"class":70},[52,59245,36088],{"class":74},[52,59247,71],{"class":70},[52,59249,766],{"class":66},[52,59251,59252,59254,59256],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59253,56079],{"class":58},[52,59255,63],{"class":62},[52,59257,8192],{"class":66},[52,59259,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59261,36229],{"class":58},[52,59263,63],{"class":62},[52,59265,22690],{"class":3251},[52,59267,145],{"class":66},[52,59269,71],{"class":70},[52,59271,41703],{"class":74},[52,59273,71],{"class":70},[52,59275,151],{"class":66},[52,59277,59278],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,59279,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,59281,59282,59284,59286,59288],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,59283,142],{"class":141},[52,59285,145],{"class":66},[52,59287,4001],{"class":124},[52,59289,151],{"class":66},[52,59291,59292,59294,59296,59298],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,59293,142],{"class":141},[52,59295,145],{"class":66},[52,59297,5391],{"class":124},[52,59299,151],{"class":66},[52,59301,59302,59304,59306,59309],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,59303,142],{"class":141},[52,59305,145],{"class":66},[52,59307,59308],{"class":124},"empty_list",[52,59310,151],{"class":66},[52,59312,59313,59315,59317,59319],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,59314,142],{"class":141},[52,59316,145],{"class":66},[52,59318,36282],{"class":124},[52,59320,151],{"class":66},[20,59322,59323],{},[33,59324,173],{},[43,59326,59328],{"className":45,"code":59327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59329,59330,59346,59374,59378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59331,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59333,513],{"class":66},[52,59335,3339],{"class":103},[52,59337,91],{"class":66},[52,59339,1378],{"class":103},[52,59341,91],{"class":66},[52,59343,2801],{"class":103},[52,59345,766],{"class":66},[52,59347,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59349,513],{"class":66},[52,59351,186],{"class":70},[52,59353,86],{"class":74},[52,59355,186],{"class":70},[52,59357,91],{"class":66},[52,59359,195],{"class":70},[52,59361,36079],{"class":74},[52,59363,186],{"class":70},[52,59365,91],{"class":66},[52,59367,195],{"class":70},[52,59369,36088],{"class":74},[52,59371,186],{"class":70},[52,59373,766],{"class":66},[52,59375,59376],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59377,38438],{"class":66},[52,59379,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59381,513],{"class":66},[52,59383,186],{"class":70},[52,59385,257],{"class":74},[52,59387,186],{"class":70},[52,59389,91],{"class":66},[52,59391,195],{"class":70},[52,59393,345],{"class":74},[52,59395,186],{"class":70},[52,59397,91],{"class":66},[52,59399,195],{"class":70},[52,59401,10087],{"class":74},[52,59403,186],{"class":70},[52,59405,766],{"class":66},[20,59407,59408,59409,59411,59412,59414,59415,121],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59410,4142],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59413,24912],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59416,36337],{},[38,59418,15288],{"id":15287},[234,59420,59421,59424,59427,59430,59435],{},[237,59422,59423],{},"What a list is in Python",[237,59425,59426],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[237,59428,59429],{},"How to create an empty list",[237,59431,59432,59433,2651],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59434,24912],{},[237,59436,59437],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[38,59439,59441],{"id":59440},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59443,59444],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59446,59447],{},"This means:",[234,59449,59450,59453,59456,59459],{},[237,59451,59452],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[237,59454,59455],{},"The order of items is kept",[237,59457,59458],{},"A list can hold different data types",[237,59460,59461,59462,59465],{},"A list is ",[33,59463,59464],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59467,309],{},[43,59469,59471],{"className":45,"code":59470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59472,59473,59497,59501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59474,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59476,8133],{"class":58},[52,59478,63],{"class":62},[52,59480,755],{"class":66},[52,59482,71],{"class":70},[52,59484,4432],{"class":74},[52,59486,71],{"class":70},[52,59488,91],{"class":66},[52,59490,1972],{"class":103},[52,59492,91],{"class":66},[52,59494,4270],{"class":218},[52,59496,766],{"class":66},[52,59498,59499],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59500,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,59502,59503,59505,59507,59509],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59504,142],{"class":141},[52,59506,145],{"class":66},[52,59508,8163],{"class":124},[52,59510,151],{"class":66},[20,59512,59513],{},[33,59514,173],{},[43,59516,59518],{"className":45,"code":59517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59519,59520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59521,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59523,513],{"class":66},[52,59525,186],{"class":70},[52,59527,4432],{"class":74},[52,59529,186],{"class":70},[52,59531,91],{"class":66},[52,59533,1972],{"class":103},[52,59535,91],{"class":66},[52,59537,4270],{"class":218},[52,59539,766],{"class":66},[20,59541,59542,59543,261,59546,121],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[257,59544,59545],{"href":51126},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[257,59547,59548],{"href":58643},"What is a List in Python?",[38,59550,59552],{"id":59551},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59554,59408,59555,59557],{},[15,59556,4142],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59559,59560],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[43,59562,59564],{"className":45,"code":59563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59565,59566,59586,59618,59643,59647,59657,59667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59567,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59569,3971],{"class":58},[52,59571,63],{"class":62},[52,59573,755],{"class":66},[52,59575,3339],{"class":103},[52,59577,91],{"class":66},[52,59579,1378],{"class":103},[52,59581,91],{"class":66},[52,59583,2801],{"class":103},[52,59585,766],{"class":66},[52,59587,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59589,5347],{"class":58},[52,59591,63],{"class":62},[52,59593,755],{"class":66},[52,59595,71],{"class":70},[52,59597,86],{"class":74},[52,59599,71],{"class":70},[52,59601,91],{"class":66},[52,59603,83],{"class":70},[52,59605,36079],{"class":74},[52,59607,71],{"class":70},[52,59609,91],{"class":66},[52,59611,83],{"class":70},[52,59613,36088],{"class":74},[52,59615,71],{"class":70},[52,59617,766],{"class":66},[52,59619,59620,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59621,59622],{"class":58},"mixed ",[52,59624,63],{"class":62},[52,59626,755],{"class":66},[52,59628,2679],{"class":103},[52,59630,91],{"class":66},[52,59632,83],{"class":70},[52,59634,4201],{"class":74},[52,59636,71],{"class":70},[52,59638,91],{"class":66},[52,59640,4261],{"class":218},[52,59642,766],{"class":66},[52,59644,59645],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59646,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,59648,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,59650,142],{"class":141},[52,59652,145],{"class":66},[52,59654,4001],{"class":124},[52,59656,151],{"class":66},[52,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,59660,142],{"class":141},[52,59662,145],{"class":66},[52,59664,5391],{"class":124},[52,59666,151],{"class":66},[52,59668,59669,59671,59673,59676],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,59670,142],{"class":141},[52,59672,145],{"class":66},[52,59674,59675],{"class":124},"mixed",[52,59677,151],{"class":66},[20,59679,59680],{},[33,59681,173],{},[43,59683,59685],{"className":45,"code":59684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59686,59687,59703,59731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59688,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59690,513],{"class":66},[52,59692,3339],{"class":103},[52,59694,91],{"class":66},[52,59696,1378],{"class":103},[52,59698,91],{"class":66},[52,59700,2801],{"class":103},[52,59702,766],{"class":66},[52,59704,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59706,513],{"class":66},[52,59708,186],{"class":70},[52,59710,86],{"class":74},[52,59712,186],{"class":70},[52,59714,91],{"class":66},[52,59716,195],{"class":70},[52,59718,36079],{"class":74},[52,59720,186],{"class":70},[52,59722,91],{"class":66},[52,59724,195],{"class":70},[52,59726,36088],{"class":74},[52,59728,186],{"class":70},[52,59730,766],{"class":66},[52,59732,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59734,513],{"class":66},[52,59736,2679],{"class":103},[52,59738,91],{"class":66},[52,59740,195],{"class":70},[52,59742,4201],{"class":74},[52,59744,186],{"class":70},[52,59746,91],{"class":66},[52,59748,4261],{"class":218},[52,59750,766],{"class":66},[1335,59752,59754],{"id":59753},"key-points","Key points",[234,59756,59757,59762,59764],{},[237,59758,222,59759,59761],{},[15,59760,4142],{}," to make a new list",[237,59763,15558],{},[237,59765,59766],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[38,59768,59770],{"id":59769},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59772,59773],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[43,59775,59777],{"className":45,"code":59776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59778,59779,59787,59791,59801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59780,59781,59783,59785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59782,8662],{"class":58},[52,59784,63],{"class":62},[52,59786,8192],{"class":66},[52,59788,59789],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59790,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,59792,59793,59795,59797,59799],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59794,142],{"class":141},[52,59796,145],{"class":66},[52,59798,8693],{"class":124},[52,59800,151],{"class":66},[52,59802,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59804,142],{"class":141},[52,59806,145],{"class":66},[52,59808,11505],{"class":141},[52,59810,145],{"class":66},[52,59812,8693],{"class":124},[52,59814,2120],{"class":66},[20,59816,59817],{},[33,59818,173],{},[43,59820,59822],{"className":45,"code":59821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[]\n0\n",[15,59823,59824,59828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59825,59826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59827,38438],{"class":66},[52,59829,59830],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59831,47397],{"class":103},[20,59833,59834],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[43,59836,59838],{"className":45,"code":59837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59839,59840,59848,59852,59870,59888,59906,59910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59841,59842,59844,59846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59843,5347],{"class":58},[52,59845,63],{"class":62},[52,59847,8192],{"class":66},[52,59849,59850],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,59851,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,59853,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59855,5391],{"class":58},[52,59857,121],{"class":66},[52,59859,811],{"class":124},[52,59861,145],{"class":66},[52,59863,71],{"class":70},[52,59865,86],{"class":74},[52,59867,71],{"class":70},[52,59869,151],{"class":66},[52,59871,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59873,5391],{"class":58},[52,59875,121],{"class":66},[52,59877,811],{"class":124},[52,59879,145],{"class":66},[52,59881,71],{"class":70},[52,59883,36079],{"class":74},[52,59885,71],{"class":70},[52,59887,151],{"class":66},[52,59889,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,59891,5391],{"class":58},[52,59893,121],{"class":66},[52,59895,811],{"class":124},[52,59897,145],{"class":66},[52,59899,71],{"class":70},[52,59901,36088],{"class":74},[52,59903,71],{"class":70},[52,59905,151],{"class":66},[52,59907,59908],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,59909,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,59911,59912,59914,59916,59918],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,59913,142],{"class":141},[52,59915,145],{"class":66},[52,59917,5391],{"class":124},[52,59919,151],{"class":66},[20,59921,59922],{},[33,59923,173],{},[43,59925,59927],{"className":45,"code":59926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59928,59929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59930,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59932,513],{"class":66},[52,59934,186],{"class":70},[52,59936,86],{"class":74},[52,59938,186],{"class":70},[52,59940,91],{"class":66},[52,59942,195],{"class":70},[52,59944,36079],{"class":74},[52,59946,186],{"class":70},[52,59948,91],{"class":66},[52,59950,195],{"class":70},[52,59952,36088],{"class":74},[52,59954,186],{"class":70},[52,59956,766],{"class":66},[20,59958,59959,59960,121],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[257,59961,59962,2264],{"href":56917},[15,59963,52800],{},[38,59965,59967,59968],{"id":59966},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59969,24912],{},[20,59971,222,59972,59974],{},[15,59973,24912],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59976,5811],{},[234,59978,59979,59981,59983,59985],{},[237,59980,5662],{},[237,59982,5656],{},[237,59984,5659],{},[237,59986,59987],{},[15,59988,36337],{},[1335,59990,59992],{"id":59991},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[43,59994,59996],{"className":45,"code":59995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59997,59998,60016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59999,60000,60002,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60001,36229],{"class":58},[52,60003,63],{"class":62},[52,60005,22690],{"class":3251},[52,60007,145],{"class":66},[52,60009,71],{"class":70},[52,60011,41703],{"class":74},[52,60013,71],{"class":70},[52,60015,151],{"class":66},[52,60017,60018,60020,60022,60024],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60019,142],{"class":141},[52,60021,145],{"class":66},[52,60023,36282],{"class":124},[52,60025,151],{"class":66},[20,60027,60028],{},[33,60029,173],{},[43,60031,60032],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60033,60034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60035,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60037,513],{"class":66},[52,60039,186],{"class":70},[52,60041,257],{"class":74},[52,60043,186],{"class":70},[52,60045,91],{"class":66},[52,60047,195],{"class":70},[52,60049,345],{"class":74},[52,60051,186],{"class":70},[52,60053,91],{"class":66},[52,60055,195],{"class":70},[52,60057,10087],{"class":74},[52,60059,186],{"class":70},[52,60061,766],{"class":66},[1335,60063,60065],{"id":60064},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[43,60067,60069],{"className":45,"code":60068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60070,60071,60093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60072,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60074,3971],{"class":58},[52,60076,63],{"class":62},[52,60078,22690],{"class":3251},[52,60080,5864],{"class":66},[52,60082,3339],{"class":103},[52,60084,91],{"class":66},[52,60086,1378],{"class":103},[52,60088,91],{"class":66},[52,60090,2801],{"class":103},[52,60092,2120],{"class":66},[52,60094,60095,60097,60099,60101],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60096,142],{"class":141},[52,60098,145],{"class":66},[52,60100,4001],{"class":124},[52,60102,151],{"class":66},[20,60104,60105],{},[33,60106,173],{},[43,60108,60109],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60110,60111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60112,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60114,513],{"class":66},[52,60116,3339],{"class":103},[52,60118,91],{"class":66},[52,60120,1378],{"class":103},[52,60122,91],{"class":66},[52,60124,2801],{"class":103},[52,60126,766],{"class":66},[1335,60128,60130],{"id":60129},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[43,60132,60134],{"className":45,"code":60133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60135,60136,60155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60137,60138,60140,60142,60144,60146,60149,60151,60153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60139,4178],{"class":58},[52,60141,63],{"class":62},[52,60143,22690],{"class":3251},[52,60145,145],{"class":66},[52,60147,60148],{"class":141},"range",[52,60150,145],{"class":66},[52,60152,2484],{"class":103},[52,60154,2120],{"class":66},[52,60156,60157,60159,60161,60163],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60158,142],{"class":141},[52,60160,145],{"class":66},[52,60162,5712],{"class":124},[52,60164,151],{"class":66},[20,60166,60167],{},[33,60168,173],{},[43,60170,60172],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60173,60174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60175,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60177,513],{"class":66},[52,60179,2467],{"class":103},[52,60181,91],{"class":66},[52,60183,1364],{"class":103},[52,60185,91],{"class":66},[52,60187,1378],{"class":103},[52,60189,91],{"class":66},[52,60191,2801],{"class":103},[52,60193,91],{"class":66},[52,60195,2807],{"class":103},[52,60197,766],{"class":66},[20,60199,60200,60202,60203,121],{},[15,60201,24912],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[257,60204,60206,60208],{"href":60205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60207,24912],{},": Function Explained",[38,60210,60212],{"id":60211},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60214,60215],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60217,60218],{},"Examples include:",[234,60220,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229],{},[237,60222,5662],{},[237,60224,40566],{},[237,60226,52193],{},[237,60228,40736],{},[237,60230,60231],{},"other lists",[43,60233,60235],{"className":45,"code":60234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60236,60237,60275,60279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60238,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60240,1815],{"class":58},[52,60242,63],{"class":62},[52,60244,755],{"class":66},[52,60246,71],{"class":70},[52,60248,86],{"class":74},[52,60250,71],{"class":70},[52,60252,91],{"class":66},[52,60254,483],{"class":103},[52,60256,91],{"class":66},[52,60258,4270],{"class":218},[52,60260,91],{"class":66},[52,60262,755],{"class":66},[52,60264,3339],{"class":103},[52,60266,91],{"class":66},[52,60268,1378],{"class":103},[52,60270,91],{"class":66},[52,60272,2801],{"class":103},[52,60274,53390],{"class":66},[52,60276,60277],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60278,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,60280,60281,60283,60285,60287],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60282,142],{"class":141},[52,60284,145],{"class":66},[52,60286,1868],{"class":124},[52,60288,151],{"class":66},[20,60290,60291],{},[33,60292,173],{},[43,60294,60296],{"className":45,"code":60295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60297,60298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60299,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60301,513],{"class":66},[52,60303,186],{"class":70},[52,60305,86],{"class":74},[52,60307,186],{"class":70},[52,60309,91],{"class":66},[52,60311,483],{"class":103},[52,60313,91],{"class":66},[52,60315,4270],{"class":218},[52,60317,91],{"class":66},[52,60319,755],{"class":66},[52,60321,3339],{"class":103},[52,60323,91],{"class":66},[52,60325,1378],{"class":103},[52,60327,91],{"class":66},[52,60329,2801],{"class":103},[52,60331,53390],{"class":66},[20,60333,60334,60335,121],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[33,60336,60337],{},"nested list",[20,60339,60340],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[38,60342,4873],{"id":4872},[20,60344,60345],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1335,60347,60349],{"id":60348},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60351,60352],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[43,60354,60356],{"className":45,"code":60355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60357,60358,60362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60359,60360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60361,4890],{"class":4017},[52,60363,60364,60366,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60365,3971],{"class":58},[52,60367,63],{"class":62},[52,60369,755],{"class":66},[52,60371,3339],{"class":103},[52,60373,1378],{"class":103},[52,60375,2801],{"class":103},[52,60377,766],{"class":66},[20,60379,11151],{},[43,60381,60383],{"className":45,"code":60382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60384,60385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60386,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60388,3971],{"class":58},[52,60390,63],{"class":62},[52,60392,755],{"class":66},[52,60394,3339],{"class":103},[52,60396,91],{"class":66},[52,60398,1378],{"class":103},[52,60400,91],{"class":66},[52,60402,2801],{"class":103},[52,60404,766],{"class":66},[1335,60406,1326,60408,2034,60410],{"id":60407},"using-instead-of",[15,60409,7719],{},[15,60411,4142],{},[20,60413,60414],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[43,60416,60418],{"className":45,"code":60417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60419,60420,60441,60445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60421,60422,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60423,60424],{"class":58},"my_values ",[52,60426,63],{"class":62},[52,60428,9588],{"class":66},[52,60430,3339],{"class":103},[52,60432,91],{"class":66},[52,60434,1378],{"class":103},[52,60436,91],{"class":66},[52,60438,2801],{"class":103},[52,60440,151],{"class":66},[52,60442,60443],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60444,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,60446,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455,60458],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60448,142],{"class":141},[52,60450,145],{"class":66},[52,60452,3573],{"class":3251},[52,60454,145],{"class":66},[52,60456,60457],{"class":124},"my_values",[52,60459,2120],{"class":66},[20,60461,60462],{},[33,60463,173],{},[43,60465,60467],{"className":45,"code":60466,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60468,60469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60470,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60472,3642],{"class":62},[52,60474,3645],{"class":2413},[52,60476,195],{"class":70},[52,60478,49099],{"class":74},[52,60480,186],{"class":70},[52,60482,3654],{"class":62},[20,60484,60485],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[43,60487,60489],{"className":45,"code":60488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60490,60491,60511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60492,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60494,60424],{"class":58},[52,60496,63],{"class":62},[52,60498,755],{"class":66},[52,60500,3339],{"class":103},[52,60502,91],{"class":66},[52,60504,1378],{"class":103},[52,60506,91],{"class":66},[52,60508,2801],{"class":103},[52,60510,766],{"class":66},[52,60512,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60514,142],{"class":141},[52,60516,145],{"class":66},[52,60518,3573],{"class":3251},[52,60520,145],{"class":66},[52,60522,60457],{"class":124},[52,60524,2120],{"class":66},[1335,60526,8807,60528,60531],{"id":60527},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60529,60530],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60533,60534,60536],{},[15,60535,24912],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[43,60538,60540],{"className":45,"code":60539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60541,60542,60561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60543,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60557,60559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60545,2577],{"class":58},[52,60547,63],{"class":62},[52,60549,22690],{"class":3251},[52,60551,145],{"class":66},[52,60553,71],{"class":70},[52,60555,60556],{"class":74},"hello world",[52,60558,71],{"class":70},[52,60560,151],{"class":66},[52,60562,60563,60565,60567,60569],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60564,142],{"class":141},[52,60566,145],{"class":66},[52,60568,2612],{"class":124},[52,60570,151],{"class":66},[20,60572,60573],{},[33,60574,173],{},[43,60576,60578],{"className":45,"code":60577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60579,60580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60581,60582,60584,60586,60589,60591,60593,60595,60598,60600,60602,60604,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60656,60658,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672,60674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60583,513],{"class":66},[52,60585,186],{"class":70},[52,60587,60588],{"class":74},"h",[52,60590,186],{"class":70},[52,60592,91],{"class":66},[52,60594,195],{"class":70},[52,60596,60597],{"class":74},"e",[52,60599,186],{"class":70},[52,60601,91],{"class":66},[52,60603,195],{"class":70},[52,60605,60606],{"class":74},"l",[52,60608,186],{"class":70},[52,60610,91],{"class":66},[52,60612,195],{"class":70},[52,60614,60606],{"class":74},[52,60616,186],{"class":70},[52,60618,91],{"class":66},[52,60620,195],{"class":70},[52,60622,60623],{"class":74},"o",[52,60625,186],{"class":70},[52,60627,91],{"class":66},[52,60629,195],{"class":70},[52,60631,195],{"class":70},[52,60633,91],{"class":66},[52,60635,195],{"class":70},[52,60637,60638],{"class":74},"w",[52,60640,186],{"class":70},[52,60642,91],{"class":66},[52,60644,195],{"class":70},[52,60646,60623],{"class":74},[52,60648,186],{"class":70},[52,60650,91],{"class":66},[52,60652,195],{"class":70},[52,60654,60655],{"class":74},"r",[52,60657,186],{"class":70},[52,60659,91],{"class":66},[52,60661,195],{"class":70},[52,60663,60606],{"class":74},[52,60665,186],{"class":70},[52,60667,91],{"class":66},[52,60669,195],{"class":70},[52,60671,18896],{"class":74},[52,60673,186],{"class":70},[52,60675,766],{"class":66},[20,60677,60678,60679,60682],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60680,60681],{},"split()"," instead:",[43,60684,60686],{"className":45,"code":60685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60687,60688,60706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60689,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60691,4423],{"class":58},[52,60693,63],{"class":62},[52,60695,83],{"class":70},[52,60697,60556],{"class":74},[52,60699,71],{"class":70},[52,60701,121],{"class":66},[52,60703,34605],{"class":124},[52,60705,128],{"class":66},[52,60707,60708,60710,60712,60714],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60709,142],{"class":141},[52,60711,145],{"class":66},[52,60713,4467],{"class":124},[52,60715,151],{"class":66},[20,60717,60718],{},[33,60719,173],{},[43,60721,60723],{"className":45,"code":60722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60724,60725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60742,60744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60728,513],{"class":66},[52,60730,186],{"class":70},[52,60732,4201],{"class":74},[52,60734,186],{"class":70},[52,60736,91],{"class":66},[52,60738,195],{"class":70},[52,60740,60741],{"class":74},"world",[52,60743,186],{"class":70},[52,60745,766],{"class":66},[1335,60747,60749],{"id":60748},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60751,60752],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[43,60754,60756],{"className":45,"code":60755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60757,60758,60762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60759,60760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60761,4890],{"class":4017},[52,60763,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60783,60785,60787,60789],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60765,5347],{"class":58},[52,60767,63],{"class":62},[52,60769,755],{"class":66},[52,60771,71],{"class":70},[52,60773,86],{"class":74},[52,60775,71],{"class":70},[52,60777,91],{"class":66},[52,60779,83],{"class":70},[52,60781,60782],{"class":74},"Ben', ",[52,60784,71],{"class":70},[52,60786,36088],{"class":58},[52,60788,71],{"class":70},[52,60790,766],{"class":74},[20,60792,60793],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[43,60795,60797],{"className":45,"code":60796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60798,60799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60800,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60802,5347],{"class":58},[52,60804,63],{"class":62},[52,60806,755],{"class":66},[52,60808,71],{"class":70},[52,60810,86],{"class":74},[52,60812,71],{"class":70},[52,60814,91],{"class":66},[52,60816,83],{"class":70},[52,60818,36079],{"class":74},[52,60820,71],{"class":70},[52,60822,91],{"class":66},[52,60824,83],{"class":70},[52,60826,36088],{"class":74},[52,60828,71],{"class":70},[52,60830,766],{"class":66},[1335,60832,60834],{"id":60833},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60836,60837],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[234,60839,60840,60843,60846,60851],{},[237,60841,60842],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[237,60844,60845],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[237,60847,60848,60849],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60850,24912],{},[237,60852,8807,60853,60856],{},[15,60854,60855],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1335,60858,60860],{"id":60859},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[43,60862,60864],{"className":45,"code":60863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60865,60866,60876,60890,60904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60867,60868,60870,60872,60874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60869,142],{"class":141},[52,60871,145],{"class":66},[52,60873,8693],{"class":124},[52,60875,151],{"class":66},[52,60877,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,60879,142],{"class":141},[52,60881,145],{"class":66},[52,60883,3573],{"class":3251},[52,60885,145],{"class":66},[52,60887,8693],{"class":124},[52,60889,2120],{"class":66},[52,60891,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900,60902],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60893,142],{"class":141},[52,60895,145],{"class":66},[52,60897,11505],{"class":141},[52,60899,145],{"class":66},[52,60901,8693],{"class":124},[52,60903,2120],{"class":66},[52,60905,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,60907,142],{"class":141},[52,60909,145],{"class":66},[52,60911,8448],{"class":3251},[52,60913,145],{"class":66},[52,60915,60148],{"class":141},[52,60917,145],{"class":66},[52,60919,2484],{"class":103},[52,60921,3262],{"class":66},[20,60923,26140],{},[234,60925,60926,60929,60932,60935],{},[237,60927,60928],{},"what the list contains",[237,60930,60931],{},"whether the value is really a list",[237,60933,60934],{},"how many items it has",[237,60936,26151,60937,60939,60940],{},[15,60938,24912],{}," does with ",[15,60941,36337],{},[38,60943,60945],{"id":60944},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60947,60948],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60950,60951],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[234,60953,60954,60969,60974],{},[237,60955,222,60956,2536,60960,17199,60964,60968],{},[257,60957,60958],{"href":56917},[15,60959,52800],{},[257,60961,60962],{"href":53492},[15,60963,53594],{},[257,60965,60966],{"href":54056},[15,60967,54416],{}," to add items later",[237,60970,222,60971,60973],{},[257,60972,59545],{"href":51126}," for a broader introduction",[237,60975,222,60976,60980],{},[257,60977,60978,60208],{"href":60205},[15,60979,24912],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[38,60982,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,60984,60986],{"id":60985},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60988,60989],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[43,60991,60992],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60993,60994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60995,60996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60997,38438],{"class":66},[1335,60999,61001],{"id":61000},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61003,61004],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[43,61006,61007],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,61008,61009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61010,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61012,513],{"class":66},[52,61014,3339],{"class":103},[52,61016,91],{"class":66},[52,61018,1378],{"class":103},[52,61020,91],{"class":66},[52,61022,2801],{"class":103},[52,61024,766],{"class":66},[1335,61026,5495,61028,61030],{"id":61027},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61029,24912],{}," do in Python?",[20,61032,61033,61034,61036],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61035,36337],{},", into a list.",[1335,61038,61040],{"id":61039},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61042,61043],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1335,61045,2215,61047,2218,61049,2221],{"id":61046},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61048,4142],{},[15,61050,7719],{},[20,61052,61053,61055,61056,61058],{},[15,61054,4142],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61057,7719],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[38,61060,2240],{"id":2239},[234,61062,61063,61067,61073,61079,61085,61091,61095],{},[237,61064,61065],{},[257,61066,59545],{"href":51126},[237,61068,61069],{},[257,61070,55668,61071,18],{"href":56917},[15,61072,52800],{},[237,61074,61075],{},[257,61076,55668,61077,18],{"href":53492},[15,61078,53594],{},[237,61080,61081],{},[257,61082,55668,61083,18],{"href":54056},[15,61084,54416],{},[237,61086,61087],{},[257,61088,3928,61089,3932],{"href":60205},[15,61090,24912],{},[237,61092,61093],{},[257,61094,59548],{"href":58643},[237,61096,61097],{},[257,61098,61099],{"href":12398},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61101,61102,61103,61105],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61104,52800],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2278,61107,61108],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":61110},[61111,61112,61113,61114,61117,61118,61124,61125,61135,61136,61145],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":59440,"depth":110,"text":59441},{"id":59551,"depth":110,"text":59552,"children":61115},[61116],{"id":59753,"depth":131,"text":59754},{"id":59769,"depth":110,"text":59770},{"id":59966,"depth":110,"text":61119,"children":61120},"Create a list with list()",[61121,61122,61123],{"id":59991,"depth":131,"text":59992},{"id":60064,"depth":131,"text":60065},{"id":60129,"depth":131,"text":60130},{"id":60211,"depth":110,"text":60212},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":61126},[61127,61128,61130,61132,61133,61134],{"id":60348,"depth":131,"text":60349},{"id":60407,"depth":131,"text":61129},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60527,"depth":131,"text":61131},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60748,"depth":131,"text":60749},{"id":60833,"depth":131,"text":60834},{"id":60859,"depth":131,"text":60860},{"id":60944,"depth":110,"text":60945},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":61137},[61138,61139,61140,61142,61143],{"id":60985,"depth":131,"text":60986},{"id":61000,"depth":131,"text":61001},{"id":61027,"depth":131,"text":61141},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61039,"depth":131,"text":61040},{"id":61046,"depth":131,"text":61144},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59182,"description":61146},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61153,"title":61154,"body":61155,"description":62896,"extension":2310,"meta":62897,"navigation":134,"path":62898,"seo":62899,"stem":62900,"__hash__":62901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61156,"toc":62851},[61157,61162,61167,61170,61172,61243,61248,61253,61257,61271,61276,61278,61298,61303,61306,61329,61333,61338,61430,61432,61454,61460,61466,61473,61480,61486,61543,61549,61607,61609,61621,61629,61635,61640,61644,61701,61704,61708,61767,61770,61774,61832,61844,61848,61901,61904,61908,61914,61920,61982,61985,62046,62049,62105,62110,62112,62116,62123,62184,62189,62198,62254,62261,62265,62323,62332,62390,62394,62429,62433,62443,62446,62501,62515,62518,62633,62638,62642,62653,62655,62734,62744,62746,62751,62756,62763,62771,62777,62780,62786,62789,62795,62801,62803,62839,62848],[10,61158,54490,61160,18],{"id":61159},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61161,53594],{},[20,61163,61164,61166],{},[15,61165,53495],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61168,61169],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[38,61171,41],{"id":40},[43,61173,61175],{"className":45,"code":61174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61176,61177,61193,61210,61214,61229,61239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61178,61179,61181,61183,61185,61187,61189,61191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61180,3971],{"class":58},[52,61182,63],{"class":62},[52,61184,755],{"class":66},[52,61186,3339],{"class":103},[52,61188,91],{"class":66},[52,61190,1378],{"class":103},[52,61192,766],{"class":66},[52,61194,61195,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61196,61197],{"class":58},"more_numbers ",[52,61199,63],{"class":62},[52,61201,755],{"class":66},[52,61203,2410],{"class":103},[52,61205,91],{"class":66},[52,61207,2807],{"class":103},[52,61209,766],{"class":66},[52,61211,61212],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61213,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61215,61216,61218,61220,61222,61224,61227],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61217,4001],{"class":58},[52,61219,121],{"class":66},[52,61221,53624],{"class":124},[52,61223,145],{"class":66},[52,61225,61226],{"class":124},"more_numbers",[52,61228,151],{"class":66},[52,61230,61231,61233,61235,61237],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61232,142],{"class":141},[52,61234,145],{"class":66},[52,61236,4001],{"class":124},[52,61238,151],{"class":66},[52,61240,61241],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,61242,52871],{"class":4017},[20,61244,222,61245,61247],{},[15,61246,53594],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[38,61249,4031,61251,4034],{"id":61250},"what-listextend-does",[15,61252,53495],{},[20,61254,61255,80],{},[15,61256,53594],{},[234,61258,61259,61262,61264,61267],{},[237,61260,61261],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[237,61263,54576],{},[237,61265,61266],{},"Does not create a new list",[237,61268,11763,61269],{},[15,61270,4133],{},[20,61272,61273,61274,53949],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61275,53594],{},[38,61277,269],{"id":268},[43,61279,61281],{"className":45,"code":61280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61282,61283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61284,61285,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61286,61287],{"class":58},"list_name",[52,61289,121],{"class":66},[52,61291,53624],{"class":124},[52,61293,145],{"class":66},[52,61295,4075],{"class":124},[52,61297,151],{"class":66},[20,61299,5806,61300,61302],{},[33,61301,4075],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61304,61305],{},"Common iterables include:",[234,61307,61308,61312,61316,61320,61325],{},[237,61309,61310],{},[15,61311,8448],{},[237,61313,61314],{},[15,61315,49099],{},[237,61317,61318],{},[15,61319,6641],{},[237,61321,61322],{},[15,61323,61324],{},"string",[237,61326,61327],{},[15,61328,60148],{},[38,61330,61332],{"id":61331},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61334,61335,61336,80],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61337,53594],{},[43,61339,61341],{"className":45,"code":61340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61342,61343,61367,61392,61396,61411,61415,61425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61344,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61346,36378],{"class":58},[52,61348,63],{"class":62},[52,61350,755],{"class":66},[52,61352,71],{"class":70},[52,61354,4432],{"class":74},[52,61356,71],{"class":70},[52,61358,91],{"class":66},[52,61360,83],{"class":70},[52,61362,4441],{"class":74},[52,61364,71],{"class":70},[52,61366,766],{"class":66},[52,61368,61369,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61370,61371],{"class":58},"more_fruits ",[52,61373,63],{"class":62},[52,61375,755],{"class":66},[52,61377,71],{"class":70},[52,61379,33356],{"class":74},[52,61381,71],{"class":70},[52,61383,91],{"class":66},[52,61385,83],{"class":70},[52,61387,22663],{"class":74},[52,61389,71],{"class":70},[52,61391,766],{"class":66},[52,61393,61394],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61395,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61397,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61409],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61399,36430],{"class":58},[52,61401,121],{"class":66},[52,61403,53624],{"class":124},[52,61405,145],{"class":66},[52,61407,61408],{"class":124},"more_fruits",[52,61410,151],{"class":66},[52,61412,61413],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61414,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61416,61417,61419,61421,61423],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,61418,142],{"class":141},[52,61420,145],{"class":66},[52,61422,36430],{"class":124},[52,61424,151],{"class":66},[52,61426,61427],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,61428,61429],{"class":4017},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61431,12017],{},[234,61433,61434,61439,61444],{},[237,61435,61436,61438],{},[15,61437,36430],{}," starts with two items",[237,61440,61441,61443],{},[15,61442,61408],{}," has two more items",[237,61445,61446,61448,61449,61451,61452],{},[15,61447,53594],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61450,61408],{}," to ",[15,61453,36430],{},[20,61455,61456,61457,61459],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61458,36430],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61461,54715,61462,2218,61464,121],{},[257,61463,52919],{"href":51126},[257,61465,57303],{"href":57302},[38,61467,61469,10931,61471],{"id":61468},"extend-vs-append",[15,61470,53594],{},[15,61472,52800],{},[20,61474,61475,2218,61477,61479],{},[15,61476,53594],{},[15,61478,52800],{}," are often confused.",[1335,61481,61483,61485],{"id":61482},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61484,53594],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[43,61487,61489],{"className":45,"code":61488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61490,61491,61507,61525,61529,61539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61492,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61494,3971],{"class":58},[52,61496,63],{"class":62},[52,61498,755],{"class":66},[52,61500,3339],{"class":103},[52,61502,91],{"class":66},[52,61504,1378],{"class":103},[52,61506,766],{"class":66},[52,61508,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61510,4001],{"class":58},[52,61512,121],{"class":66},[52,61514,53624],{"class":124},[52,61516,3336],{"class":66},[52,61518,2410],{"class":103},[52,61520,91],{"class":66},[52,61522,2807],{"class":103},[52,61524,913],{"class":66},[52,61526,61527],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61528,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61530,61531,61533,61535,61537],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61532,142],{"class":141},[52,61534,145],{"class":66},[52,61536,4001],{"class":124},[52,61538,151],{"class":66},[52,61540,61541],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61542,52871],{"class":4017},[1335,61544,61546,61548],{"id":61545},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61547,52800],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[43,61550,61552],{"className":45,"code":61551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61553,61554,61570,61588,61592,61602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61557,3971],{"class":58},[52,61559,63],{"class":62},[52,61561,755],{"class":66},[52,61563,3339],{"class":103},[52,61565,91],{"class":66},[52,61567,1378],{"class":103},[52,61569,766],{"class":66},[52,61571,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61573,4001],{"class":58},[52,61575,121],{"class":66},[52,61577,811],{"class":124},[52,61579,3336],{"class":66},[52,61581,2410],{"class":103},[52,61583,91],{"class":66},[52,61585,2807],{"class":103},[52,61587,913],{"class":66},[52,61589,61590],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61591,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61593,61594,61596,61598,61600],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61595,142],{"class":141},[52,61597,145],{"class":66},[52,61599,4001],{"class":124},[52,61601,151],{"class":66},[52,61603,61604],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61605,61606],{"class":4017},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61608,18823],{},[234,61610,61611,61616],{},[237,61612,61613,61615],{},[15,61614,53594],{}," to combine values",[237,61617,61618,61620],{},[15,61619,52800],{}," to add one item",[20,61622,42236,61623,2218,61627,121],{},[257,61624,55668,61625,2264],{"href":56917},[15,61626,52800],{},[257,61628,53197],{"href":53196},[38,61630,1326,61632,61634],{"id":61631},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61633,53594],{}," with different iterables",[20,61636,61637,61639],{},[15,61638,53594],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1335,61641,61643],{"id":61642},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[43,61645,61647],{"className":45,"code":61646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61648,61649,61665,61683,61687,61697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61650,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61652,4178],{"class":58},[52,61654,63],{"class":62},[52,61656,755],{"class":66},[52,61658,3339],{"class":103},[52,61660,91],{"class":66},[52,61662,1378],{"class":103},[52,61664,766],{"class":66},[52,61666,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679,61681],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61668,5712],{"class":58},[52,61670,121],{"class":66},[52,61672,53624],{"class":124},[52,61674,5864],{"class":66},[52,61676,2410],{"class":103},[52,61678,91],{"class":66},[52,61680,2807],{"class":103},[52,61682,2120],{"class":66},[52,61684,61685],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61686,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61688,61689,61691,61693,61695],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61690,142],{"class":141},[52,61692,145],{"class":66},[52,61694,5712],{"class":124},[52,61696,151],{"class":66},[52,61698,61699],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61700,52871],{"class":4017},[20,61702,61703],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1335,61705,61707],{"id":61706},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[43,61709,61711],{"className":45,"code":61710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61712,61713,61729,61748,61752,61762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61714,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61716,36229],{"class":58},[52,61718,63],{"class":62},[52,61720,755],{"class":66},[52,61722,71],{"class":70},[52,61724,257],{"class":74},[52,61726,71],{"class":70},[52,61728,766],{"class":66},[52,61730,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61744,61746],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61732,36282],{"class":58},[52,61734,121],{"class":66},[52,61736,53624],{"class":124},[52,61738,145],{"class":66},[52,61740,71],{"class":70},[52,61742,61743],{"class":74},"bc",[52,61745,71],{"class":70},[52,61747,151],{"class":66},[52,61749,61750],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61751,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61753,61754,61756,61758,61760],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61755,142],{"class":141},[52,61757,145],{"class":66},[52,61759,36282],{"class":124},[52,61761,151],{"class":66},[52,61763,61764],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61765,61766],{"class":4017},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61768,61769],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1335,61771,61773],{"id":61772},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[43,61775,61777],{"className":45,"code":61776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61778,61779,61791,61813,61817,61827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61780,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61782,3971],{"class":58},[52,61784,63],{"class":62},[52,61786,755],{"class":66},[52,61788,2467],{"class":103},[52,61790,766],{"class":66},[52,61792,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61794,4001],{"class":58},[52,61796,121],{"class":66},[52,61798,53624],{"class":124},[52,61800,145],{"class":66},[52,61802,60148],{"class":141},[52,61804,145],{"class":66},[52,61806,3339],{"class":103},[52,61808,91],{"class":66},[52,61810,2807],{"class":103},[52,61812,2120],{"class":66},[52,61814,61815],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61816,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61818,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61820,142],{"class":141},[52,61822,145],{"class":66},[52,61824,4001],{"class":124},[52,61826,151],{"class":66},[52,61828,61829],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61830,61831],{"class":4017},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61833,61834,61837,61838,2536,61840,17199,61842,121],{},[15,61835,61836],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61839,3339],{},[15,61841,2404],{},[15,61843,2410],{},[1335,61845,61847],{"id":61846},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[43,61849,61851],{"className":45,"code":61850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61852,61853,61869,61887,61891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61854,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61856,8133],{"class":58},[52,61858,63],{"class":62},[52,61860,755],{"class":66},[52,61862,3339],{"class":103},[52,61864,91],{"class":66},[52,61866,1378],{"class":103},[52,61868,766],{"class":66},[52,61870,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61872,8163],{"class":58},[52,61874,121],{"class":66},[52,61876,53624],{"class":124},[52,61878,5883],{"class":66},[52,61880,2410],{"class":103},[52,61882,91],{"class":66},[52,61884,2807],{"class":103},[52,61886,30630],{"class":66},[52,61888,61889],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61890,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61892,61893,61895,61897,61899],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61894,142],{"class":141},[52,61896,145],{"class":66},[52,61898,8163],{"class":124},[52,61900,151],{"class":66},[20,61902,61903],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[38,61905,61907],{"id":61906},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61909,61910,2746,61912,121],{},[15,61911,53594],{},[15,61913,4133],{},[20,61915,61916,61917,80],{},"That means this is ",[33,61918,61919],{},"wrong",[43,61921,61923],{"className":45,"code":61922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61924,61925,61941,61963,61967,61977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61926,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61928,3971],{"class":58},[52,61930,63],{"class":62},[52,61932,755],{"class":66},[52,61934,3339],{"class":103},[52,61936,91],{"class":66},[52,61938,1378],{"class":103},[52,61940,766],{"class":66},[52,61942,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,61944,2577],{"class":58},[52,61946,63],{"class":62},[52,61948,4617],{"class":58},[52,61950,121],{"class":66},[52,61952,53624],{"class":124},[52,61954,3336],{"class":66},[52,61956,2410],{"class":103},[52,61958,91],{"class":66},[52,61960,2807],{"class":103},[52,61962,913],{"class":66},[52,61964,61965],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61966,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,61968,61969,61971,61973,61975],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61970,142],{"class":141},[52,61972,145],{"class":66},[52,61974,2612],{"class":124},[52,61976,151],{"class":66},[52,61978,61979],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,61980,61981],{"class":4017},"# None\n",[20,61983,61984],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[43,61986,61988],{"className":45,"code":61987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61989,61990,62006,62028,62032,62042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61991,61992,61994,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61993,3971],{"class":58},[52,61995,63],{"class":62},[52,61997,755],{"class":66},[52,61999,3339],{"class":103},[52,62001,91],{"class":66},[52,62003,1378],{"class":103},[52,62005,766],{"class":66},[52,62007,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62009,3971],{"class":58},[52,62011,63],{"class":62},[52,62013,4617],{"class":58},[52,62015,121],{"class":66},[52,62017,53624],{"class":124},[52,62019,3336],{"class":66},[52,62021,2410],{"class":103},[52,62023,91],{"class":66},[52,62025,2807],{"class":103},[52,62027,913],{"class":66},[52,62029,62030],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62033,62034,62036,62038,62040],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62035,142],{"class":141},[52,62037,145],{"class":66},[52,62039,4001],{"class":124},[52,62041,151],{"class":66},[52,62043,62044],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62045,61981],{"class":4017},[20,62047,62048],{},"The correct way is:",[43,62050,62051],{"className":45,"code":61488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62052,62053,62069,62087,62091,62101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62054,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62056,3971],{"class":58},[52,62058,63],{"class":62},[52,62060,755],{"class":66},[52,62062,3339],{"class":103},[52,62064,91],{"class":66},[52,62066,1378],{"class":103},[52,62068,766],{"class":66},[52,62070,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083,62085],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62072,4001],{"class":58},[52,62074,121],{"class":66},[52,62076,53624],{"class":124},[52,62078,3336],{"class":66},[52,62080,2410],{"class":103},[52,62082,91],{"class":66},[52,62084,2807],{"class":103},[52,62086,913],{"class":66},[52,62088,62089],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62090,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62092,62093,62095,62097,62099],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62094,142],{"class":141},[52,62096,145],{"class":66},[52,62098,4001],{"class":124},[52,62100,151],{"class":66},[52,62102,62103],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62104,52871],{"class":4017},[20,62106,56057,62107,62109],{},[15,62108,53594],{}," first, then use the original list.",[38,62111,4873],{"id":4872},[20,62113,2025,62114,121],{},[15,62115,53594],{},[1335,62117,62119,62120,62122],{"id":62118},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62121,53594],{}," to return a new list",[43,62124,62126],{"className":45,"code":62125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62127,62128,62144,62166,62170,62180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62129,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62131,3971],{"class":58},[52,62133,63],{"class":62},[52,62135,755],{"class":66},[52,62137,3339],{"class":103},[52,62139,91],{"class":66},[52,62141,1378],{"class":103},[52,62143,766],{"class":66},[52,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62147,55790],{"class":58},[52,62149,63],{"class":62},[52,62151,4617],{"class":58},[52,62153,121],{"class":66},[52,62155,53624],{"class":124},[52,62157,3336],{"class":66},[52,62159,2410],{"class":103},[52,62161,91],{"class":66},[52,62163,2807],{"class":103},[52,62165,913],{"class":66},[52,62167,62168],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62169,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62171,62172,62174,62176,62178],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62173,142],{"class":141},[52,62175,145],{"class":66},[52,62177,55809],{"class":124},[52,62179,151],{"class":66},[52,62181,62182],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62183,61981],{"class":4017},[20,62185,62186,62187,121],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62188,53594],{},[1335,62190,62192,62193,44774,62195,62197],{"id":62191},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62194,52800],{},[15,62196,53594],{}," is needed",[43,62199,62200],{"className":45,"code":61551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62201,62202,62218,62236,62240,62250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62203,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62205,3971],{"class":58},[52,62207,63],{"class":62},[52,62209,755],{"class":66},[52,62211,3339],{"class":103},[52,62213,91],{"class":66},[52,62215,1378],{"class":103},[52,62217,766],{"class":66},[52,62219,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62221,4001],{"class":58},[52,62223,121],{"class":66},[52,62225,811],{"class":124},[52,62227,3336],{"class":66},[52,62229,2410],{"class":103},[52,62231,91],{"class":66},[52,62233,2807],{"class":103},[52,62235,913],{"class":66},[52,62237,62238],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62239,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62241,62242,62244,62246,62248],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62243,142],{"class":141},[52,62245,145],{"class":66},[52,62247,4001],{"class":124},[52,62249,151],{"class":66},[52,62251,62252],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62253,61606],{"class":4017},[20,62255,62256,62257,54039,62259,6983],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62258,54038],{},[15,62260,53594],{},[1335,62262,62264],{"id":62263},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[43,62266,62268],{"className":45,"code":62267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62269,62270,62286,62304,62308,62318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62271,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62273,4423],{"class":58},[52,62275,63],{"class":62},[52,62277,755],{"class":66},[52,62279,71],{"class":70},[52,62281,4201],{"class":74},[52,62283,71],{"class":70},[52,62285,766],{"class":66},[52,62287,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62289,4467],{"class":58},[52,62291,121],{"class":66},[52,62293,53624],{"class":124},[52,62295,145],{"class":66},[52,62297,71],{"class":70},[52,62299,60741],{"class":74},[52,62301,71],{"class":70},[52,62303,151],{"class":66},[52,62305,62306],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62307,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62311,142],{"class":141},[52,62313,145],{"class":66},[52,62315,4467],{"class":124},[52,62317,151],{"class":66},[52,62319,62320],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62321,62322],{"class":4017},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62324,62325,62326,62329,62330,80],{},"If you want ",[15,62327,62328],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62331,52800],{},[43,62333,62335],{"className":45,"code":62334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62336,62337,62353,62371,62375,62385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62338,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62340,4423],{"class":58},[52,62342,63],{"class":62},[52,62344,755],{"class":66},[52,62346,71],{"class":70},[52,62348,4201],{"class":74},[52,62350,71],{"class":70},[52,62352,766],{"class":66},[52,62354,62355,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365,62367,62369],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62356,4467],{"class":58},[52,62358,121],{"class":66},[52,62360,811],{"class":124},[52,62362,145],{"class":66},[52,62364,71],{"class":70},[52,62366,60741],{"class":74},[52,62368,71],{"class":70},[52,62370,151],{"class":66},[52,62372,62373],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62374,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62376,62377,62379,62381,62383],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62378,142],{"class":141},[52,62380,145],{"class":66},[52,62382,4467],{"class":124},[52,62384,151],{"class":66},[52,62386,62387],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62388,62389],{"class":4017},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1335,62391,62393],{"id":62392},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[43,62395,62397],{"className":45,"code":62396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62398,62399,62415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62400,62401,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62402,3971],{"class":58},[52,62404,63],{"class":62},[52,62406,755],{"class":66},[52,62408,3339],{"class":103},[52,62410,91],{"class":66},[52,62412,1378],{"class":103},[52,62414,766],{"class":66},[52,62416,62417,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62418,4001],{"class":58},[52,62420,121],{"class":66},[52,62422,53624],{"class":124},[52,62424,145],{"class":66},[52,62426,2484],{"class":103},[52,62428,151],{"class":66},[20,62430,39795,62431,6903],{},[15,62432,2484],{},[20,62434,62435,62436,62438,62439,62442],{},"You will get a ",[15,62437,3355],{},". See ",[257,62440,62441],{"href":52747},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62444,62445],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[43,62447,62449],{"className":45,"code":62448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62450,62451,62461,62475,62487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62452,62453,62455,62457,62459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62454,142],{"class":141},[52,62456,145],{"class":66},[52,62458,8693],{"class":124},[52,62460,151],{"class":66},[52,62462,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62464,142],{"class":141},[52,62466,145],{"class":66},[52,62468,3573],{"class":3251},[52,62470,145],{"class":66},[52,62472,5712],{"class":124},[52,62474,2120],{"class":66},[52,62476,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62478,142],{"class":141},[52,62480,145],{"class":66},[52,62482,2612],{"class":124},[52,62484,4014],{"class":66},[52,62486,151],{"class":58},[52,62488,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62490,32287],{"class":141},[52,62492,145],{"class":66},[52,62494,8448],{"class":3251},[52,62496,121],{"class":66},[52,62498,53624],{"class":24881},[52,62500,151],{"class":66},[43724,62502,62503],{},[20,62504,62505,62506,62509,62510,62512,62513,121],{},"Note: ",[15,62507,62508],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62511,4014],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62514,33162],{},[20,62516,62517],{},"Correct debugging example:",[43,62519,62521],{"className":45,"code":62520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62522,62523,62539,62555,62559,62573,62577,62585,62595,62609,62619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62524,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62526,8662],{"class":58},[52,62528,63],{"class":62},[52,62530,755],{"class":66},[52,62532,3339],{"class":103},[52,62534,91],{"class":66},[52,62536,1378],{"class":103},[52,62538,766],{"class":66},[52,62540,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62542,4178],{"class":58},[52,62544,63],{"class":62},[52,62546,755],{"class":66},[52,62548,2410],{"class":103},[52,62550,91],{"class":66},[52,62552,2807],{"class":103},[52,62554,766],{"class":66},[52,62556,62557],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62558,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62560,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62562,8693],{"class":58},[52,62564,121],{"class":66},[52,62566,53624],{"class":124},[52,62568,145],{"class":66},[52,62570,5712],{"class":124},[52,62572,151],{"class":66},[52,62574,62575],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62576,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62578,62579,62581,62583],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,62580,2577],{"class":58},[52,62582,63],{"class":62},[52,62584,48673],{"class":218},[52,62586,62587,62589,62591,62593],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,62588,142],{"class":141},[52,62590,145],{"class":66},[52,62592,8693],{"class":124},[52,62594,151],{"class":66},[52,62596,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605,62607],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,62598,142],{"class":141},[52,62600,145],{"class":66},[52,62602,3573],{"class":3251},[52,62604,145],{"class":66},[52,62606,5712],{"class":124},[52,62608,2120],{"class":66},[52,62610,62611,62613,62615,62617],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,62612,142],{"class":141},[52,62614,145],{"class":66},[52,62616,2612],{"class":124},[52,62618,151],{"class":66},[52,62620,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,62622,32287],{"class":141},[52,62624,145],{"class":66},[52,62626,8448],{"class":3251},[52,62628,121],{"class":66},[52,62630,53624],{"class":24881},[52,62632,151],{"class":66},[38,62634,1063,62636],{"id":62635},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62637,53594],{},[20,62639,222,62640,6672],{},[15,62641,53594],{},[234,62643,62644,62647,62650],{},[237,62645,62646],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[237,62648,62649],{},"Add multiple values at once",[237,62651,62652],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62654,5826],{},[43,62656,62658],{"className":45,"code":62657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62659,62660,62677,62695,62699,62715,62719,62729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62661,62662,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62663,62664],{"class":58},"all_scores ",[52,62666,63],{"class":62},[52,62668,755],{"class":66},[52,62670,758],{"class":103},[52,62672,91],{"class":66},[52,62674,763],{"class":103},[52,62676,766],{"class":66},[52,62678,62679,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690,62693],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62680,62681],{"class":58},"new_scores ",[52,62683,63],{"class":62},[52,62685,755],{"class":66},[52,62687,51652],{"class":103},[52,62689,91],{"class":66},[52,62691,62692],{"class":103}," 92",[52,62694,766],{"class":66},[52,62696,62697],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62698,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62700,62701,62704,62706,62708,62710,62713],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62702,62703],{"class":58},"all_scores",[52,62705,121],{"class":66},[52,62707,53624],{"class":124},[52,62709,145],{"class":66},[52,62711,62712],{"class":124},"new_scores",[52,62714,151],{"class":66},[52,62716,62717],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,62718,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62720,62721,62723,62725,62727],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,62722,142],{"class":141},[52,62724,145],{"class":66},[52,62726,62703],{"class":124},[52,62728,151],{"class":66},[52,62730,62731],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,62732,62733],{"class":4017},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62735,62736,62737,62739,62740,121],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62738,52800],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[257,62741,55668,62742,2264],{"href":54056},[15,62743,54416],{},[38,62745,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,62747,2195,62749,55617],{"id":62748},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62750,53495],{},[20,62752,62753,62754,121],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62755,4133],{},[1335,62757,2215,62759,2218,62761,2221],{"id":62758},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62760,53594],{},[15,62762,52800],{},[20,62764,62765,62767,62768,62770],{},[15,62766,53594],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62769,52800],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1335,62772,28461,62774,62776],{"id":62773},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62775,53594],{}," with a string?",[20,62778,62779],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1335,62781,28461,62783,62785],{"id":62782},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62784,53594],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62787,62788],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1335,62790,62792,62793,2221],{"id":62791},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62794,53594],{},[20,62796,62797,62798,62800],{},"You get a ",[15,62799,3355],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[38,62802,2240],{"id":2239},[234,62804,62805,62811,62815,62819,62823,62829,62833],{},[237,62806,62807],{},[257,62808,55668,62809,2264],{"href":56917},[15,62810,52800],{},[237,62812,62813],{},[257,62814,54426],{"href":53196},[237,62816,62817],{},[257,62818,57377],{"href":57302},[237,62820,62821],{},[257,62822,52919],{"href":51126},[237,62824,62825],{},[257,62826,55668,62827,2264],{"href":54056},[15,62828,54416],{},[237,62830,62831],{},[257,62832,62441],{"href":52747},[237,62834,62835],{},[257,62836,55668,62837,2264],{"href":55108},[15,62838,17],{},[20,62840,62841,62842,62844,62845,62847],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62843,52800],{},", when to use ",[15,62846,54416],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2278,62849,62850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":62852},[62853,62854,62856,62857,62858,62865,62872,62873,62881,62883,62895],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":61250,"depth":110,"text":62855},"What list.extend() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":61331,"depth":110,"text":61332},{"id":61468,"depth":110,"text":62859,"children":62860},"extend() vs append()",[62861,62863],{"id":61482,"depth":131,"text":62862},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61545,"depth":131,"text":62864},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61631,"depth":110,"text":62866,"children":62867},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62868,62869,62870,62871],{"id":61642,"depth":131,"text":61643},{"id":61706,"depth":131,"text":61707},{"id":61772,"depth":131,"text":61773},{"id":61846,"depth":131,"text":61847},{"id":61906,"depth":110,"text":61907},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":62874},[62875,62877,62879,62880],{"id":62118,"depth":131,"text":62876},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62191,"depth":131,"text":62878},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62263,"depth":131,"text":62264},{"id":62392,"depth":131,"text":62393},{"id":62635,"depth":110,"text":62882},"When to use extend()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":62884},[62885,62887,62889,62891,62893],{"id":62748,"depth":131,"text":62886},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62758,"depth":131,"text":62888},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62773,"depth":131,"text":62890},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62782,"depth":131,"text":62892},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62791,"depth":131,"text":62894},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61154,"description":62896},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62903,"title":62904,"body":62905,"description":64996,"extension":2310,"meta":64997,"navigation":134,"path":64998,"seo":64999,"stem":65000,"__hash__":65001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62906,"toc":64959},[62907,62910,62915,62921,62932,62938,62940,63009,63011,63060,63068,63072,63077,63080,63091,63096,63098,63100,63121,63134,63137,63150,63152,63157,63182,63184,63192,63195,63264,63266,63290,63296,63300,63304,63340,63342,63362,63369,63373,63406,63408,63442,63447,63451,63484,63486,63514,63522,63526,63563,63565,63586,63589,63593,63662,63664,63688,63694,63701,63705,63708,63710,63724,63727,63751,63753,63778,63781,63800,63802,63828,63837,63841,63848,63925,63927,63968,63974,63980,64071,64073,64129,64132,64137,64141,64146,64150,64209,64211,64236,64240,64303,64305,64330,64334,64397,64399,64442,64445,64449,64453,64475,64479,64561,64563,64598,64606,64608,64612,64616,64618,64645,64650,64652,64679,64686,64689,64712,64714,64763,64766,64769,64788,64792,64795,64846,64849,64855,64859,64864,64867,64869,64875,64884,64888,64894,64898,64901,64905,64908,64912,64918,64920,64956],[10,62908,62904],{"id":62909},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62911,9478,62912,62914],{},[15,62913,24912],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62916,62917,62918,62920],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62919,24912],{}," for two main reasons:",[234,62922,62923,62926],{},[237,62924,62925],{},"to make an empty list",[237,62927,62928,62929,62931],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62930,60148],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62933,62934,62935,62937],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62936,24912],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[38,62939,41],{"id":40},[43,62941,62943],{"className":45,"code":62942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62944,62945,62967,62985,62989,62999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62946,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62948,3971],{"class":58},[52,62950,63],{"class":62},[52,62952,22690],{"class":3251},[52,62954,5864],{"class":66},[52,62956,3339],{"class":103},[52,62958,91],{"class":66},[52,62960,1378],{"class":103},[52,62962,91],{"class":66},[52,62964,2801],{"class":103},[52,62966,2120],{"class":66},[52,62968,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,62970,36229],{"class":58},[52,62972,63],{"class":62},[52,62974,22690],{"class":3251},[52,62976,145],{"class":66},[52,62978,71],{"class":70},[52,62980,41703],{"class":74},[52,62982,71],{"class":70},[52,62984,151],{"class":66},[52,62986,62987],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62988,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,62990,62991,62993,62995,62997],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62992,142],{"class":141},[52,62994,145],{"class":66},[52,62996,4001],{"class":124},[52,62998,151],{"class":66},[52,63000,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,63002,142],{"class":141},[52,63004,145],{"class":66},[52,63006,36282],{"class":124},[52,63008,151],{"class":66},[20,63010,173],{},[43,63012,63014],{"className":45,"code":63013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63015,63016,63032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63017,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63019,513],{"class":66},[52,63021,3339],{"class":103},[52,63023,91],{"class":66},[52,63025,1378],{"class":103},[52,63027,91],{"class":66},[52,63029,2801],{"class":103},[52,63031,766],{"class":66},[52,63033,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63035,513],{"class":66},[52,63037,186],{"class":70},[52,63039,257],{"class":74},[52,63041,186],{"class":70},[52,63043,91],{"class":66},[52,63045,195],{"class":70},[52,63047,345],{"class":74},[52,63049,186],{"class":70},[52,63051,91],{"class":66},[52,63053,195],{"class":70},[52,63055,10087],{"class":74},[52,63057,186],{"class":70},[52,63059,766],{"class":66},[20,63061,222,63062,63064,63065,63067],{},[15,63063,24912],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63066,60148],{},", set, or dictionary.",[38,63069,63071],{"id":63070},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63073,63074,63076],{},[15,63075,24912],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63078,63079],{},"It can:",[234,63081,63082,63085,63088],{},[237,63083,63084],{},"create a new list object",[237,63086,63087],{},"make an empty list",[237,63089,63090],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63092,63093,63094,121],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[257,63095,52919],{"href":51126},[38,63097,269],{"id":268},[20,63099,26619],{},[43,63101,63103],{"className":45,"code":63102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63104,63105,63111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63106,63107,63109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63108,8448],{"class":3251},[52,63110,128],{"class":66},[52,63112,63113,63115,63117,63119],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63114,8448],{"class":3251},[52,63116,145],{"class":66},[52,63118,4075],{"class":124},[52,63120,151],{"class":66},[234,63122,63123,63128],{},[237,63124,63125,63127],{},[15,63126,24912],{}," makes an empty list",[237,63129,63130,63133],{},[15,63131,63132],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63135,63136],{},"Common iterable values include:",[234,63138,63139,63141,63143,63145,63148],{},[237,63140,5662],{},[237,63142,5656],{},[237,63144,5659],{},[237,63146,63147],{},"ranges",[237,63149,7604],{},[38,63151,59770],{"id":59769},[20,63153,222,63154,63156],{},[15,63155,24912],{}," with no arguments:",[43,63158,63160],{"className":45,"code":63159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63161,63162,63172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63165,8133],{"class":58},[52,63167,63],{"class":62},[52,63169,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63171,128],{"class":66},[52,63173,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63175,142],{"class":141},[52,63177,145],{"class":66},[52,63179,8163],{"class":124},[52,63181,151],{"class":66},[20,63183,173],{},[43,63185,63186],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63187,63188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63189,63190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63191,38438],{"class":66},[20,63193,63194],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[43,63196,63198],{"className":45,"code":63197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63199,63200,63210,63214,63232,63250,63254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63201,63202,63204,63206,63208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63203,8133],{"class":58},[52,63205,63],{"class":62},[52,63207,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63209,128],{"class":66},[52,63211,63212],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63213,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,63215,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63217,8163],{"class":58},[52,63219,121],{"class":66},[52,63221,811],{"class":124},[52,63223,145],{"class":66},[52,63225,71],{"class":70},[52,63227,4432],{"class":74},[52,63229,71],{"class":70},[52,63231,151],{"class":66},[52,63233,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,63235,8163],{"class":58},[52,63237,121],{"class":66},[52,63239,811],{"class":124},[52,63241,145],{"class":66},[52,63243,71],{"class":70},[52,63245,4441],{"class":74},[52,63247,71],{"class":70},[52,63249,151],{"class":66},[52,63251,63252],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,63253,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,63255,63256,63258,63260,63262],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,63257,142],{"class":141},[52,63259,145],{"class":66},[52,63261,8163],{"class":124},[52,63263,151],{"class":66},[20,63265,173],{},[43,63267,63268],{"className":45,"code":38564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63269,63270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63271,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63273,513],{"class":66},[52,63275,186],{"class":70},[52,63277,4432],{"class":74},[52,63279,186],{"class":70},[52,63281,91],{"class":66},[52,63283,195],{"class":70},[52,63285,4441],{"class":74},[52,63287,186],{"class":70},[52,63289,766],{"class":66},[20,63291,63292,63293,63295],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63294,4142],{},". Both are valid.",[38,63297,63299],{"id":63298},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1335,63301,63303],{"id":63302},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[43,63305,63306],{"className":45,"code":60068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63307,63308,63330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63309,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63311,3971],{"class":58},[52,63313,63],{"class":62},[52,63315,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63317,5864],{"class":66},[52,63319,3339],{"class":103},[52,63321,91],{"class":66},[52,63323,1378],{"class":103},[52,63325,91],{"class":66},[52,63327,2801],{"class":103},[52,63329,2120],{"class":66},[52,63331,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63333,142],{"class":141},[52,63335,145],{"class":66},[52,63337,4001],{"class":124},[52,63339,151],{"class":66},[20,63341,173],{},[43,63343,63344],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63345,63346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63349,513],{"class":66},[52,63351,3339],{"class":103},[52,63353,91],{"class":66},[52,63355,1378],{"class":103},[52,63357,91],{"class":66},[52,63359,2801],{"class":103},[52,63361,766],{"class":66},[20,63363,63364,63365,121],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[257,63366,63368],{"href":63367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1335,63370,63372],{"id":63371},"string-to-list","String to list",[43,63374,63376],{"className":45,"code":63375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63377,63378,63396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63379,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63381,36229],{"class":58},[52,63383,63],{"class":62},[52,63385,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63387,145],{"class":66},[52,63389,71],{"class":70},[52,63391,37187],{"class":74},[52,63393,71],{"class":70},[52,63395,151],{"class":66},[52,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63399,142],{"class":141},[52,63401,145],{"class":66},[52,63403,36282],{"class":124},[52,63405,151],{"class":66},[20,63407,173],{},[43,63409,63411],{"className":45,"code":63410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63412,63413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63414,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63438,63440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63416,513],{"class":66},[52,63418,186],{"class":70},[52,63420,10087],{"class":74},[52,63422,186],{"class":70},[52,63424,91],{"class":66},[52,63426,195],{"class":70},[52,63428,257],{"class":74},[52,63430,186],{"class":70},[52,63432,91],{"class":66},[52,63434,195],{"class":70},[52,63436,63437],{"class":74},"t",[52,63439,186],{"class":70},[52,63441,766],{"class":66},[20,63443,63444,63446],{},[15,63445,24912],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1335,63448,63450],{"id":63449},"range-to-list","Range to list",[43,63452,63454],{"className":45,"code":63453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63455,63456,63474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63457,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63459,3971],{"class":58},[52,63461,63],{"class":62},[52,63463,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63465,145],{"class":66},[52,63467,60148],{"class":141},[52,63469,145],{"class":66},[52,63471,2484],{"class":103},[52,63473,2120],{"class":66},[52,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63477,142],{"class":141},[52,63479,145],{"class":66},[52,63481,4001],{"class":124},[52,63483,151],{"class":66},[20,63485,173],{},[43,63487,63488],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63489,63490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63491,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63493,513],{"class":66},[52,63495,2467],{"class":103},[52,63497,91],{"class":66},[52,63499,1364],{"class":103},[52,63501,91],{"class":66},[52,63503,1378],{"class":103},[52,63505,91],{"class":66},[52,63507,2801],{"class":103},[52,63509,91],{"class":66},[52,63511,2807],{"class":103},[52,63513,766],{"class":66},[20,63515,63516,63517,63521],{},"This is common when working with ",[257,63518,63519],{"href":36334},[15,63520,36337],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1335,63523,63525],{"id":63524},"set-to-list","Set to list",[43,63527,63529],{"className":45,"code":63528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63530,63531,63553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63532,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63534,4178],{"class":58},[52,63536,63],{"class":62},[52,63538,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63540,5883],{"class":66},[52,63542,2679],{"class":103},[52,63544,91],{"class":66},[52,63546,104],{"class":103},[52,63548,91],{"class":66},[52,63550,8148],{"class":103},[52,63552,30630],{"class":66},[52,63554,63555,63557,63559,63561],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63556,142],{"class":141},[52,63558,145],{"class":66},[52,63560,5712],{"class":124},[52,63562,151],{"class":66},[20,63564,17085],{},[43,63566,63568],{"className":45,"code":63567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63569,63570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63573,513],{"class":66},[52,63575,2679],{"class":103},[52,63577,91],{"class":66},[52,63579,104],{"class":103},[52,63581,91],{"class":66},[52,63583,8148],{"class":103},[52,63585,766],{"class":66},[20,63587,63588],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1335,63590,63592],{"id":63591},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[43,63594,63596],{"className":45,"code":63595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63597,63598,63634,63648,63652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63599,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63601,451],{"class":58},[52,63603,63],{"class":62},[52,63605,67],{"class":66},[52,63607,71],{"class":70},[52,63609,75],{"class":74},[52,63611,71],{"class":70},[52,63613,80],{"class":66},[52,63615,83],{"class":70},[52,63617,86],{"class":74},[52,63619,71],{"class":70},[52,63621,91],{"class":66},[52,63623,83],{"class":70},[52,63625,96],{"class":74},[52,63627,71],{"class":70},[52,63629,80],{"class":66},[52,63631,483],{"class":103},[52,63633,107],{"class":66},[52,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63637,2577],{"class":58},[52,63639,63],{"class":62},[52,63641,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63643,145],{"class":66},[52,63645,17434],{"class":124},[52,63647,151],{"class":66},[52,63649,63650],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63651,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,63653,63654,63656,63658,63660],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,63655,142],{"class":141},[52,63657,145],{"class":66},[52,63659,2612],{"class":124},[52,63661,151],{"class":66},[20,63663,173],{},[43,63665,63666],{"className":45,"code":25612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63667,63668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63669,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63671,513],{"class":66},[52,63673,186],{"class":70},[52,63675,75],{"class":74},[52,63677,186],{"class":70},[52,63679,91],{"class":66},[52,63681,195],{"class":70},[52,63683,96],{"class":74},[52,63685,186],{"class":70},[52,63687,766],{"class":66},[20,63689,63690,63691,63693],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63692,24912],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63695,63696,63697,121],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[257,63698,63700],{"href":63699},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[38,63702,63704],{"id":63703},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63706,63707],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63709,61305],{},[234,63711,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722],{},[237,63713,5653],{},[237,63715,5656],{},[237,63717,5662],{},[237,63719,5659],{},[237,63721,63147],{},[237,63723,7604],{},[20,63725,63726],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[43,63728,63730],{"className":45,"code":63729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63731,63732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63733,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63747,63749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63735,142],{"class":141},[52,63737,145],{"class":66},[52,63739,8448],{"class":3251},[52,63741,145],{"class":66},[52,63743,71],{"class":70},[52,63745,63746],{"class":74},"hi",[52,63748,71],{"class":70},[52,63750,2120],{"class":66},[20,63752,173],{},[43,63754,63756],{"className":45,"code":63755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63757,63758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63759,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63761,513],{"class":66},[52,63763,186],{"class":70},[52,63765,60588],{"class":74},[52,63767,186],{"class":70},[52,63769,91],{"class":66},[52,63771,195],{"class":70},[52,63773,36293],{"class":74},[52,63775,186],{"class":70},[52,63777,766],{"class":66},[20,63779,63780],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[43,63782,63784],{"className":45,"code":63783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63785,63786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63787,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63789,142],{"class":141},[52,63791,145],{"class":66},[52,63793,8448],{"class":3251},[52,63795,145],{"class":66},[52,63797,2484],{"class":103},[52,63799,2120],{"class":66},[20,63801,173],{},[43,63803,63805],{"className":45,"code":63804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63806,63807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63808,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63810,3355],{"class":3251},[52,63812,80],{"class":66},[52,63814,195],{"class":70},[52,63816,2535],{"class":74},[52,63818,186],{"class":70},[52,63820,24748],{"class":3251},[52,63822,900],{"class":62},[52,63824,8453],{"class":62},[52,63826,63827],{"class":58}," iterable\n",[20,63829,63830,63831,63833,63834,121],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[257,63832,5489],{"href":5940},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[257,63835,63836],{"href":52747},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[38,63838,63840],{"id":63839},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63842,63843,63844,63847],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63845,63846],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[43,63849,63851],{"className":45,"code":63850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63852,63853,63873,63887,63891,63901,63911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63854,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63856,1348],{"class":58},[52,63858,63],{"class":62},[52,63860,755],{"class":66},[52,63862,3339],{"class":103},[52,63864,91],{"class":66},[52,63866,1378],{"class":103},[52,63868,91],{"class":66},[52,63870,2801],{"class":103},[52,63872,766],{"class":66},[52,63874,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63876,1597],{"class":58},[52,63878,63],{"class":62},[52,63880,22690],{"class":3251},[52,63882,145],{"class":66},[52,63884,2068],{"class":124},[52,63886,151],{"class":66},[52,63888,63889],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63890,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,63892,63893,63895,63897,63899],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,63894,142],{"class":141},[52,63896,145],{"class":66},[52,63898,2068],{"class":124},[52,63900,151],{"class":66},[52,63902,63903,63905,63907,63909],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,63904,142],{"class":141},[52,63906,145],{"class":66},[52,63908,1616],{"class":124},[52,63910,151],{"class":66},[52,63912,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,63914,142],{"class":141},[52,63916,145],{"class":66},[52,63918,1348],{"class":124},[52,63920,164],{"class":163},[52,63922,1670],{"class":124},[52,63924,151],{"class":66},[20,63926,173],{},[43,63928,63930],{"className":45,"code":63929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63931,63932,63948,63964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63933,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63935,513],{"class":66},[52,63937,3339],{"class":103},[52,63939,91],{"class":66},[52,63941,1378],{"class":103},[52,63943,91],{"class":66},[52,63945,2801],{"class":103},[52,63947,766],{"class":66},[52,63949,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,63951,513],{"class":66},[52,63953,3339],{"class":103},[52,63955,91],{"class":66},[52,63957,1378],{"class":103},[52,63959,91],{"class":66},[52,63961,2801],{"class":103},[52,63963,766],{"class":66},[52,63965,63966],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63967,219],{"class":218},[20,63969,63970,63971,63973],{},"This means ",[15,63972,1616],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63975,63976,63977,63979],{},"However, this is only a ",[33,63978,35],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[43,63981,63983],{"className":45,"code":63982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63984,63985,64011,64025,64029,64047,64051,64061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63988,1348],{"class":58},[52,63990,63],{"class":62},[52,63992,56442],{"class":66},[52,63994,3339],{"class":103},[52,63996,91],{"class":66},[52,63998,1378],{"class":103},[52,64000,18190],{"class":66},[52,64002,755],{"class":66},[52,64004,2410],{"class":103},[52,64006,91],{"class":66},[52,64008,2807],{"class":103},[52,64010,53390],{"class":66},[52,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64014,1597],{"class":58},[52,64016,63],{"class":62},[52,64018,22690],{"class":3251},[52,64020,145],{"class":66},[52,64022,2068],{"class":124},[52,64024,151],{"class":66},[52,64026,64027],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,64028,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,64030,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,64032,1616],{"class":58},[52,64034,513],{"class":66},[52,64036,2467],{"class":103},[52,64038,808],{"class":66},[52,64040,811],{"class":124},[52,64042,145],{"class":66},[52,64044,56495],{"class":103},[52,64046,151],{"class":66},[52,64048,64049],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,64050,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,64052,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,64054,142],{"class":141},[52,64056,145],{"class":66},[52,64058,2068],{"class":124},[52,64060,151],{"class":66},[52,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,64064,142],{"class":141},[52,64066,145],{"class":66},[52,64068,1616],{"class":124},[52,64070,151],{"class":66},[20,64072,173],{},[43,64074,64075],{"className":45,"code":56526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64076,64077,64103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64078,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64080,56533],{"class":66},[52,64082,3339],{"class":103},[52,64084,91],{"class":66},[52,64086,1378],{"class":103},[52,64088,91],{"class":66},[52,64090,1499],{"class":103},[52,64092,18190],{"class":66},[52,64094,755],{"class":66},[52,64096,2410],{"class":103},[52,64098,91],{"class":66},[52,64100,2807],{"class":103},[52,64102,53390],{"class":66},[52,64104,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64106,56533],{"class":66},[52,64108,3339],{"class":103},[52,64110,91],{"class":66},[52,64112,1378],{"class":103},[52,64114,91],{"class":66},[52,64116,1499],{"class":103},[52,64118,18190],{"class":66},[52,64120,755],{"class":66},[52,64122,2410],{"class":103},[52,64124,91],{"class":66},[52,64126,2807],{"class":103},[52,64128,53390],{"class":66},[20,64130,64131],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64133,64134,64135,121],{},"For more on this, see ",[257,64136,1059],{"href":1058},[38,64138,64140],{"id":64139},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64142,64143,64144,121],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64145,24912],{},[1335,64147,64149],{"id":64148},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[43,64151,64153],{"className":45,"code":64152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64154,64155,64195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64156,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64158,59],{"class":58},[52,64160,63],{"class":62},[52,64162,67],{"class":66},[52,64164,71],{"class":70},[52,64166,75],{"class":74},[52,64168,71],{"class":70},[52,64170,80],{"class":66},[52,64172,83],{"class":70},[52,64174,8275],{"class":74},[52,64176,71],{"class":70},[52,64178,91],{"class":66},[52,64180,83],{"class":70},[52,64182,20020],{"class":74},[52,64184,71],{"class":70},[52,64186,80],{"class":66},[52,64188,83],{"class":70},[52,64190,22375],{"class":74},[52,64192,71],{"class":70},[52,64194,107],{"class":66},[52,64196,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64198,142],{"class":141},[52,64200,145],{"class":66},[52,64202,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64204,145],{"class":66},[52,64206,887],{"class":124},[52,64208,2120],{"class":66},[20,64210,173],{},[43,64212,64214],{"className":45,"code":64213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64215,64216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64217,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64219,513],{"class":66},[52,64221,186],{"class":70},[52,64223,75],{"class":74},[52,64225,186],{"class":70},[52,64227,91],{"class":66},[52,64229,195],{"class":70},[52,64231,20020],{"class":74},[52,64233,186],{"class":70},[52,64235,766],{"class":66},[1335,64237,64239],{"id":64238},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[43,64241,64243],{"className":45,"code":64242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64244,64245,64285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64246,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64248,59],{"class":58},[52,64250,63],{"class":62},[52,64252,67],{"class":66},[52,64254,71],{"class":70},[52,64256,75],{"class":74},[52,64258,71],{"class":70},[52,64260,80],{"class":66},[52,64262,83],{"class":70},[52,64264,8275],{"class":74},[52,64266,71],{"class":70},[52,64268,91],{"class":66},[52,64270,83],{"class":70},[52,64272,20020],{"class":74},[52,64274,71],{"class":70},[52,64276,80],{"class":66},[52,64278,83],{"class":70},[52,64280,22375],{"class":74},[52,64282,71],{"class":70},[52,64284,107],{"class":66},[52,64286,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64288,142],{"class":141},[52,64290,145],{"class":66},[52,64292,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64294,145],{"class":66},[52,64296,887],{"class":124},[52,64298,121],{"class":66},[52,64300,5712],{"class":124},[52,64302,6644],{"class":66},[20,64304,173],{},[43,64306,64308],{"className":45,"code":64307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64309,64310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64311,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64313,513],{"class":66},[52,64315,186],{"class":70},[52,64317,8275],{"class":74},[52,64319,186],{"class":70},[52,64321,91],{"class":66},[52,64323,195],{"class":70},[52,64325,22375],{"class":74},[52,64327,186],{"class":70},[52,64329,766],{"class":66},[1335,64331,64333],{"id":64332},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[43,64335,64337],{"className":45,"code":64336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64338,64339,64379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64340,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64342,59],{"class":58},[52,64344,63],{"class":62},[52,64346,67],{"class":66},[52,64348,71],{"class":70},[52,64350,75],{"class":74},[52,64352,71],{"class":70},[52,64354,80],{"class":66},[52,64356,83],{"class":70},[52,64358,8275],{"class":74},[52,64360,71],{"class":70},[52,64362,91],{"class":66},[52,64364,83],{"class":70},[52,64366,20020],{"class":74},[52,64368,71],{"class":70},[52,64370,80],{"class":66},[52,64372,83],{"class":70},[52,64374,22375],{"class":74},[52,64376,71],{"class":70},[52,64378,107],{"class":66},[52,64380,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64382,142],{"class":141},[52,64384,145],{"class":66},[52,64386,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64388,145],{"class":66},[52,64390,887],{"class":124},[52,64392,121],{"class":66},[52,64394,8163],{"class":124},[52,64396,6644],{"class":66},[20,64398,173],{},[43,64400,64402],{"className":45,"code":64401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64403,64404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64405,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64407,21870],{"class":66},[52,64409,186],{"class":70},[52,64411,75],{"class":74},[52,64413,186],{"class":70},[52,64415,91],{"class":66},[52,64417,195],{"class":70},[52,64419,8275],{"class":74},[52,64421,186],{"class":70},[52,64423,2110],{"class":66},[52,64425,9588],{"class":66},[52,64427,186],{"class":70},[52,64429,20020],{"class":74},[52,64431,186],{"class":70},[52,64433,91],{"class":66},[52,64435,195],{"class":70},[52,64437,22375],{"class":74},[52,64439,186],{"class":70},[52,64441,9601],{"class":66},[20,64443,64444],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[38,64446,64448],{"id":64447},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64450,222,64451,1070],{},[15,64452,24912],{},[234,64454,64455,64463,64472],{},[237,64456,64457,64458,261,64460],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64459,52800],{},[15,64461,64462],{},"sort()",[237,64464,64465,64466,261,64468,64471],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64467,36337],{},[15,64469,64470],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[237,64473,64474],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64476,46185,64477,80],{},[15,64478,64470],{},[43,64480,64482],{"className":45,"code":64481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64483,64484,64508,64524,64528,64551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64485,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64487,5347],{"class":58},[52,64489,63],{"class":62},[52,64491,755],{"class":66},[52,64493,71],{"class":70},[52,64495,86],{"class":74},[52,64497,71],{"class":70},[52,64499,91],{"class":66},[52,64501,83],{"class":70},[52,64503,36079],{"class":74},[52,64505,71],{"class":70},[52,64507,766],{"class":66},[52,64509,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64511,5416],{"class":58},[52,64513,63],{"class":62},[52,64515,755],{"class":66},[52,64517,758],{"class":103},[52,64519,91],{"class":66},[52,64521,763],{"class":103},[52,64523,766],{"class":66},[52,64525,64526],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,64527,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,64529,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,64531,9568],{"class":58},[52,64533,63],{"class":62},[52,64535,22690],{"class":3251},[52,64537,145],{"class":66},[52,64539,64540],{"class":141},"zip",[52,64542,145],{"class":66},[52,64544,5391],{"class":124},[52,64546,91],{"class":66},[52,64548,5463],{"class":124},[52,64550,2120],{"class":66},[52,64552,64553,64555,64557,64559],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,64554,142],{"class":141},[52,64556,145],{"class":66},[52,64558,9614],{"class":124},[52,64560,151],{"class":66},[20,64562,173],{},[43,64564,64566],{"className":45,"code":64565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64567,64568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64569,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64571,21870],{"class":66},[52,64573,186],{"class":70},[52,64575,86],{"class":74},[52,64577,186],{"class":70},[52,64579,91],{"class":66},[52,64581,20027],{"class":103},[52,64583,2110],{"class":66},[52,64585,9588],{"class":66},[52,64587,186],{"class":70},[52,64589,36079],{"class":74},[52,64591,186],{"class":70},[52,64593,91],{"class":66},[52,64595,763],{"class":103},[52,64597,9601],{"class":66},[20,64599,64600,64601,64603,64604,121],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64602,52800],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[257,64605,53197],{"href":53196},[38,64607,4873],{"id":4872},[20,64609,56924,64610,121],{},[15,64611,24912],{},[1335,64613,64615],{"id":64614},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64617,4880],{},[43,64619,64621],{"className":45,"code":64620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64622,64623,64627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64624,64625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64626,4890],{"class":4017},[52,64628,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64630,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64632,145],{"class":66},[52,64634,3339],{"class":103},[52,64636,91],{"class":66},[52,64638,1378],{"class":103},[52,64640,91],{"class":66},[52,64642,2801],{"class":103},[52,64644,151],{"class":66},[20,64646,64647,64649],{},[15,64648,24912],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64651,18823],{},[43,64653,64655],{"className":45,"code":64654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64656,64657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64658,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64660,142],{"class":141},[52,64662,145],{"class":66},[52,64664,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64666,5864],{"class":66},[52,64668,3339],{"class":103},[52,64670,91],{"class":66},[52,64672,1378],{"class":103},[52,64674,91],{"class":66},[52,64676,2801],{"class":103},[52,64678,3262],{"class":66},[1335,64680,64682,64683],{"id":64681},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[52,64684,64685],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64687,64688],{},"This is a common surprise:",[43,64690,64692],{"className":45,"code":64691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64693,64694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64695,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64697,142],{"class":141},[52,64699,145],{"class":66},[52,64701,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64703,145],{"class":66},[52,64705,71],{"class":70},[52,64707,4201],{"class":74},[52,64709,71],{"class":70},[52,64711,2120],{"class":66},[20,64713,173],{},[43,64715,64717],{"className":45,"code":64716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64718,64719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64720,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64722,513],{"class":66},[52,64724,186],{"class":70},[52,64726,60588],{"class":74},[52,64728,186],{"class":70},[52,64730,91],{"class":66},[52,64732,195],{"class":70},[52,64734,60597],{"class":74},[52,64736,186],{"class":70},[52,64738,91],{"class":66},[52,64740,195],{"class":70},[52,64742,60606],{"class":74},[52,64744,186],{"class":70},[52,64746,91],{"class":66},[52,64748,195],{"class":70},[52,64750,60606],{"class":74},[52,64752,186],{"class":70},[52,64754,91],{"class":66},[52,64756,195],{"class":70},[52,64758,60623],{"class":74},[52,64760,186],{"class":70},[52,64762,766],{"class":66},[20,64764,64765],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64767,64768],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[43,64770,64772],{"className":45,"code":64771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64773,64774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64775,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64777,142],{"class":141},[52,64779,3336],{"class":66},[52,64781,71],{"class":70},[52,64783,4201],{"class":74},[52,64785,71],{"class":70},[52,64787,913],{"class":66},[1335,64789,64791],{"id":64790},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64793,64794],{},"This:",[43,64796,64798],{"className":45,"code":64797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64799,64800,64832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64801,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64803,1815],{"class":58},[52,64805,63],{"class":62},[52,64807,67],{"class":66},[52,64809,71],{"class":70},[52,64811,257],{"class":74},[52,64813,71],{"class":70},[52,64815,80],{"class":66},[52,64817,1364],{"class":103},[52,64819,91],{"class":66},[52,64821,83],{"class":70},[52,64823,345],{"class":74},[52,64825,71],{"class":70},[52,64827,80],{"class":66},[52,64829,1378],{"class":103},[52,64831,107],{"class":66},[52,64833,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,64835,142],{"class":141},[52,64837,145],{"class":66},[52,64839,8448],{"class":3251},[52,64841,145],{"class":66},[52,64843,1868],{"class":124},[52,64845,2120],{"class":66},[20,64847,64848],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64850,222,64851,64854],{},[15,64852,64853],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1335,64856,64858],{"id":64857},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64860,64861,64863],{},[15,64862,24912],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64865,64866],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[38,64868,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,64870,2215,64872,64874],{"id":64871},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[52,64873],{}," and list()?",[20,64876,64877,64878,64880,64881,64883],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64879,4142],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64882,24912],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1335,64885,64887],{"id":64886},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64889,64890,64891,64893],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64892,24912],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1335,64895,64897],{"id":64896},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64899,64900],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1335,64902,64904],{"id":64903},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64906,64907],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1335,64909,64911],{"id":64910},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64913,64914,64915,64917],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64916,24912],{}," cannot loop through it.",[38,64919,2240],{"id":2239},[234,64921,64922,64926,64931,64935,64939,64943,64947,64952],{},[237,64923,64924],{},[257,64925,52919],{"href":51126},[237,64927,64928],{},[257,64929,64930],{"href":36334},"Python range() function explained",[237,64932,64933],{},[257,64934,63368],{"href":63367},[237,64936,64937],{},[257,64938,63700],{"href":63699},[237,64940,64941],{},[257,64942,5569],{"href":5940},[237,64944,64945],{},[257,64946,1059],{"href":1058},[237,64948,64949],{},[257,64950,64951],{"href":52747},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[237,64953,64954],{},[257,64955,54426],{"href":53196},[2278,64957,64958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":64960},[64961,64962,64963,64964,64965,64972,64973,64974,64979,64980,64987,64995],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":63070,"depth":110,"text":63071},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":59769,"depth":110,"text":59770},{"id":63298,"depth":110,"text":63299,"children":64966},[64967,64968,64969,64970,64971],{"id":63302,"depth":131,"text":63303},{"id":63371,"depth":131,"text":63372},{"id":63449,"depth":131,"text":63450},{"id":63524,"depth":131,"text":63525},{"id":63591,"depth":131,"text":63592},{"id":63703,"depth":110,"text":63704},{"id":63839,"depth":110,"text":63840},{"id":64139,"depth":110,"text":64140,"children":64975},[64976,64977,64978],{"id":64148,"depth":131,"text":64149},{"id":64238,"depth":131,"text":64239},{"id":64332,"depth":131,"text":64333},{"id":64447,"depth":110,"text":64448},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":64981},[64982,64983,64985,64986],{"id":64614,"depth":131,"text":64615},{"id":64681,"depth":131,"text":64984},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64790,"depth":131,"text":64791},{"id":64857,"depth":131,"text":64858},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":64988},[64989,64991,64992,64993,64994],{"id":64871,"depth":131,"text":64990},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64886,"depth":131,"text":64887},{"id":64896,"depth":131,"text":64897},{"id":64903,"depth":131,"text":64904},{"id":64910,"depth":131,"text":64911},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62904,"description":64996},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65003,"title":65004,"body":65005,"description":66356,"extension":2310,"meta":66357,"navigation":134,"path":66358,"seo":66359,"stem":66360,"__hash__":66361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65006,"toc":66330},[65007,65012,65018,65027,65029,65102,65111,65116,65120,65136,65140,65142,65144,65163,65166,65194,65197,65222,65230,65232,65237,65244,65246,65303,65305,65313,65319,65323,65326,65399,65401,65409,65412,65435,65442,65448,65452,65458,65529,65531,65539,65548,65555,65562,65570,65714,65716,65733,65736,65775,65778,65782,65787,65789,65848,65854,65857,65964,65966,65981,65984,65991,65993,65997,66145,66148,66209,66212,66215,66236,66241,66245,66256,66259,66261,66266,66269,66277,66282,66288,66291,66297,66305,66307,66327],[10,65008,54490,65010,18],{"id":65009},"python-list-index-method",[15,65011,59117],{},[20,65013,65014,65017],{},[15,65015,65016],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65019,65020,65021,65024,65025,121],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[33,65022,65023],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65026,40846],{},[38,65028,3961],{"id":3960},[43,65030,65032],{"className":45,"code":65031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65033,65034,65066,65089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65035,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65037,8133],{"class":58},[52,65039,63],{"class":62},[52,65041,755],{"class":66},[52,65043,71],{"class":70},[52,65045,4432],{"class":74},[52,65047,71],{"class":70},[52,65049,91],{"class":66},[52,65051,83],{"class":70},[52,65053,4441],{"class":74},[52,65055,71],{"class":70},[52,65057,91],{"class":66},[52,65059,83],{"class":70},[52,65061,4450],{"class":74},[52,65063,71],{"class":70},[52,65065,766],{"class":66},[52,65067,65068,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65069,65070],{"class":58},"position ",[52,65072,63],{"class":62},[52,65074,6320],{"class":58},[52,65076,121],{"class":66},[52,65078,35984],{"class":124},[52,65080,145],{"class":66},[52,65082,71],{"class":70},[52,65084,4441],{"class":74},[52,65086,71],{"class":70},[52,65088,151],{"class":66},[52,65090,65091,65093,65095,65098,65100],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65092,142],{"class":141},[52,65094,145],{"class":66},[52,65096,65097],{"class":124},"position",[52,65099,4014],{"class":66},[52,65101,27912],{"class":4017},[20,65103,222,65104,65107,65108,65110],{},[15,65105,65106],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65109,40846],{}," if the item is not found.",[38,65112,4031,65114,4034],{"id":65113},"what-listindex-does",[15,65115,65016],{},[20,65117,65118,80],{},[15,65119,65016],{},[234,65121,65122,65125,65128,65133],{},[237,65123,65124],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[237,65126,65127],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[237,65129,65130,65131],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65132,2467],{},[237,65134,65135],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65137,54715,65138,121],{},[257,65139,52919],{"href":54718},[38,65141,269],{"id":268},[20,65143,30859],{},[43,65145,65147],{"className":45,"code":65146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65148,65149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65150,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65152,8693],{"class":58},[52,65154,121],{"class":66},[52,65156,35984],{"class":124},[52,65158,145],{"class":66},[52,65160,2823],{"class":124},[52,65162,151],{"class":66},[20,65164,65165],{},"You can also limit the search:",[43,65167,65169],{"className":45,"code":65168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65170,65171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65172,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65174,8693],{"class":58},[52,65176,121],{"class":66},[52,65178,35984],{"class":124},[52,65180,145],{"class":66},[52,65182,2823],{"class":124},[52,65184,91],{"class":66},[52,65186,36190],{"class":124},[52,65188,91],{"class":66},[52,65190,65191],{"class":124}," end",[52,65193,151],{"class":66},[20,65195,65196],{},"Here is what each part means:",[234,65198,65199,65204,65209,65214],{},[237,65200,65201,65203],{},[15,65202,2823],{},": the item to search for",[237,65205,65206,65208],{},[15,65207,36211],{},": where the search begins",[237,65210,65211,65213],{},[15,65212,52808],{},": where the search stops",[237,65215,65216,1036,65218,65221],{},[15,65217,52808],{},[33,65219,65220],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65223,65224,65225,65227,65228,121],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65226,36211],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65229,52808],{},[38,65231,38161],{"id":38160},[20,65233,65234,65236],{},[15,65235,65016],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65238,65239,65240,65243],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[33,65241,65242],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65245,309],{},[43,65247,65249],{"className":45,"code":65248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65250,65251,65271,65289,65293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65252,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65254,3971],{"class":58},[52,65256,63],{"class":62},[52,65258,755],{"class":66},[52,65260,2679],{"class":103},[52,65262,91],{"class":66},[52,65264,104],{"class":103},[52,65266,91],{"class":66},[52,65268,8148],{"class":103},[52,65270,766],{"class":66},[52,65272,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65274,2577],{"class":58},[52,65276,63],{"class":62},[52,65278,4617],{"class":58},[52,65280,121],{"class":66},[52,65282,35984],{"class":124},[52,65284,145],{"class":66},[52,65286,15880],{"class":103},[52,65288,151],{"class":66},[52,65290,65291],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65292,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,65294,65295,65297,65299,65301],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,65296,142],{"class":141},[52,65298,145],{"class":66},[52,65300,2612],{"class":124},[52,65302,151],{"class":66},[20,65304,173],{},[43,65306,65307],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65308,65309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65310,65311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65312,47062],{"class":103},[20,65314,65315,65316,65318],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65317,59117],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[38,65320,65322],{"id":65321},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65324,65325],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[43,65327,65329],{"className":45,"code":65328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65330,65331,65363,65385,65389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65332,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65334,36378],{"class":58},[52,65336,63],{"class":62},[52,65338,755],{"class":66},[52,65340,71],{"class":70},[52,65342,4432],{"class":74},[52,65344,71],{"class":70},[52,65346,91],{"class":66},[52,65348,83],{"class":70},[52,65350,4441],{"class":74},[52,65352,71],{"class":70},[52,65354,91],{"class":66},[52,65356,83],{"class":70},[52,65358,4450],{"class":74},[52,65360,71],{"class":70},[52,65362,766],{"class":66},[52,65364,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65366,65070],{"class":58},[52,65368,63],{"class":62},[52,65370,52999],{"class":58},[52,65372,121],{"class":66},[52,65374,35984],{"class":124},[52,65376,145],{"class":66},[52,65378,71],{"class":70},[52,65380,4450],{"class":74},[52,65382,71],{"class":70},[52,65384,151],{"class":66},[52,65386,65387],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65388,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,65390,65391,65393,65395,65397],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,65392,142],{"class":141},[52,65394,145],{"class":66},[52,65396,65097],{"class":124},[52,65398,151],{"class":66},[20,65400,173],{},[43,65402,65403],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65404,65405],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65406,65407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65408,17183],{"class":103},[20,65410,65411],{},"In this list:",[234,65413,65414,65421,65428],{},[237,65415,65416,65418,65419],{},[15,65417,57982],{}," is at index ",[15,65420,2467],{},[237,65422,65423,65418,65426],{},[15,65424,65425],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65427,3339],{},[237,65429,65430,65418,65433],{},[15,65431,65432],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65434,2404],{},[20,65436,53801,65437,2746,65440,121],{},[15,65438,65439],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65441,2404],{},[20,65443,51690,65444,121],{},[257,65445,65447],{"href":65446},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[38,65449,65451],{"id":65450},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65453,65454,65455,65457],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65456,59117],{}," returns the first match only.",[43,65459,65461],{"className":45,"code":65460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65462,65463,65503,65507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65464,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65466,319],{"class":58},[52,65468,63],{"class":62},[52,65470,755],{"class":66},[52,65472,71],{"class":70},[52,65474,336],{"class":74},[52,65476,71],{"class":70},[52,65478,91],{"class":66},[52,65480,83],{"class":70},[52,65482,354],{"class":74},[52,65484,71],{"class":70},[52,65486,91],{"class":66},[52,65488,83],{"class":70},[52,65490,336],{"class":74},[52,65492,71],{"class":70},[52,65494,91],{"class":66},[52,65496,83],{"class":70},[52,65498,17583],{"class":74},[52,65500,71],{"class":70},[52,65502,766],{"class":66},[52,65504,65505],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,65508,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65510,142],{"class":141},[52,65512,145],{"class":66},[52,65514,17630],{"class":124},[52,65516,121],{"class":66},[52,65518,35984],{"class":124},[52,65520,145],{"class":66},[52,65522,71],{"class":70},[52,65524,336],{"class":74},[52,65526,71],{"class":70},[52,65528,2120],{"class":66},[20,65530,173],{},[43,65532,65533],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65534,65535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65536,65537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65538,47397],{"class":103},[20,65540,21107,65541,65544,65545,65547],{},[15,65542,65543],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65546,2467],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65549,65550,65551,121],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[257,65552,55668,65553,2264],{"href":59176},[15,65554,57439],{},[38,65556,1326,65558,2218,65560],{"id":65557},"using-start-and-end",[15,65559,36211],{},[15,65561,52808],{},[20,65563,65564,65565,2218,65567,65569],{},"The optional ",[15,65566,36211],{},[15,65568,52808],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[43,65571,65573],{"className":45,"code":65572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65574,65575,65623,65627,65652,65681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65576,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65578,36229],{"class":58},[52,65580,63],{"class":62},[52,65582,755],{"class":66},[52,65584,71],{"class":70},[52,65586,257],{"class":74},[52,65588,71],{"class":70},[52,65590,91],{"class":66},[52,65592,83],{"class":70},[52,65594,345],{"class":74},[52,65596,71],{"class":70},[52,65598,91],{"class":66},[52,65600,83],{"class":70},[52,65602,10087],{"class":74},[52,65604,71],{"class":70},[52,65606,91],{"class":66},[52,65608,83],{"class":70},[52,65610,345],{"class":74},[52,65612,71],{"class":70},[52,65614,91],{"class":66},[52,65616,83],{"class":70},[52,65618,18896],{"class":74},[52,65620,71],{"class":70},[52,65622,766],{"class":66},[52,65624,65625],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65626,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,65628,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65630,142],{"class":141},[52,65632,145],{"class":66},[52,65634,36282],{"class":124},[52,65636,121],{"class":66},[52,65638,35984],{"class":124},[52,65640,145],{"class":66},[52,65642,71],{"class":70},[52,65644,345],{"class":74},[52,65646,71],{"class":70},[52,65648,5715],{"class":66},[52,65650,65651],{"class":4017},"        # first match\n",[52,65653,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,65655,142],{"class":141},[52,65657,145],{"class":66},[52,65659,36282],{"class":124},[52,65661,121],{"class":66},[52,65663,35984],{"class":124},[52,65665,145],{"class":66},[52,65667,71],{"class":70},[52,65669,345],{"class":74},[52,65671,71],{"class":70},[52,65673,91],{"class":66},[52,65675,1378],{"class":103},[52,65677,5715],{"class":66},[52,65679,65680],{"class":4017},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[52,65682,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,65684,142],{"class":141},[52,65686,145],{"class":66},[52,65688,36282],{"class":124},[52,65690,121],{"class":66},[52,65692,35984],{"class":124},[52,65694,145],{"class":66},[52,65696,71],{"class":70},[52,65698,345],{"class":74},[52,65700,71],{"class":70},[52,65702,91],{"class":66},[52,65704,1364],{"class":103},[52,65706,91],{"class":66},[52,65708,2807],{"class":103},[52,65710,5715],{"class":66},[52,65712,65713],{"class":4017},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65715,173],{},[43,65717,65719],{"className":45,"code":65718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65720,65721,65725,65729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65722,65723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65724,47062],{"class":103},[52,65726,65727],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65728,46762],{"class":103},[52,65730,65731],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65732,47062],{"class":103},[20,65734,65735],{},"How this works:",[234,65737,65738,65750,65763],{},[237,65739,65740,65743,65744,65747,65748],{},[15,65741,65742],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65745,65746],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65749,3339],{},[237,65751,65752,65755,65756,65758,65759,65747,65761],{},[15,65753,65754],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65757,2404],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65760,65746],{},[15,65762,2410],{},[237,65764,65765,65768,65769,2536,65771,17199,65773],{},[15,65766,65767],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65770,3339],{},[15,65772,2404],{},[15,65774,2410],{},[20,65776,65777],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[38,65779,65781],{"id":65780},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65783,65784,65785,121],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65786,40846],{},[20,65788,309],{},[43,65790,65792],{"className":45,"code":65791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65793,65794,65826],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65795,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65797,8133],{"class":58},[52,65799,63],{"class":62},[52,65801,755],{"class":66},[52,65803,71],{"class":70},[52,65805,4432],{"class":74},[52,65807,71],{"class":70},[52,65809,91],{"class":66},[52,65811,83],{"class":70},[52,65813,4441],{"class":74},[52,65815,71],{"class":70},[52,65817,91],{"class":66},[52,65819,83],{"class":70},[52,65821,4450],{"class":74},[52,65823,71],{"class":70},[52,65825,766],{"class":66},[52,65827,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65829,142],{"class":141},[52,65831,145],{"class":66},[52,65833,8163],{"class":124},[52,65835,121],{"class":66},[52,65837,35984],{"class":124},[52,65839,145],{"class":66},[52,65841,71],{"class":70},[52,65843,33356],{"class":74},[52,65845,71],{"class":70},[52,65847,2120],{"class":66},[20,65849,39795,65850,65853],{},[15,65851,65852],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65855,65856],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[43,65858,65860],{"className":45,"code":65859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65861,65862,65894,65907,65911,65924,65943,65949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65863,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65865,8133],{"class":58},[52,65867,63],{"class":62},[52,65869,755],{"class":66},[52,65871,71],{"class":70},[52,65873,4432],{"class":74},[52,65875,71],{"class":70},[52,65877,91],{"class":66},[52,65879,83],{"class":70},[52,65881,4441],{"class":74},[52,65883,71],{"class":70},[52,65885,91],{"class":66},[52,65887,83],{"class":70},[52,65889,4450],{"class":74},[52,65891,71],{"class":70},[52,65893,766],{"class":66},[52,65895,65896,65899,65901,65903,65905],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,65897,65898],{"class":58},"search_value ",[52,65900,63],{"class":62},[52,65902,83],{"class":70},[52,65904,33356],{"class":74},[52,65906,3710],{"class":70},[52,65908,65909],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65910,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,65912,65913,65915,65918,65920,65922],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,65914,7350],{"class":163},[52,65916,65917],{"class":58}," search_value ",[52,65919,4238],{"class":62},[52,65921,6320],{"class":58},[52,65923,6748],{"class":66},[52,65925,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65941],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,65927,8423],{"class":141},[52,65929,145],{"class":66},[52,65931,8163],{"class":124},[52,65933,121],{"class":66},[52,65935,35984],{"class":124},[52,65937,145],{"class":66},[52,65939,65940],{"class":124},"search_value",[52,65942,2120],{"class":66},[52,65944,65945,65947],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,65946,27566],{"class":163},[52,65948,6748],{"class":66},[52,65950,65951,65953,65955,65957,65960,65962],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,65952,8423],{"class":141},[52,65954,145],{"class":66},[52,65956,71],{"class":70},[52,65958,65959],{"class":74},"Item not found",[52,65961,71],{"class":70},[52,65963,151],{"class":66},[20,65965,173],{},[43,65967,65969],{"className":45,"code":65968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Item not found\n",[15,65970,65971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65972,65973,65976,65978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65974,65975],{"class":58},"Item ",[52,65977,1332],{"class":62},[52,65979,65980],{"class":58}," found\n",[20,65982,65983],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65985,65986,65987,121],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[257,65988,65990],{"href":65989},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[38,65992,4873],{"id":4872},[20,65994,21341,65995,80],{},[15,65996,65016],{},[234,65998,65999,66017,66029,66089],{},[237,66000,25906,66001,2746,66003,66006,66007,66009,66010,5514,66012,66014,66015,121],{},[15,66002,59117],{},[15,66004,66005],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10194,66008],{},"\nPython does ",[33,66011,1332],{},[15,66013,66005],{},". It raises ",[15,66016,40846],{},[237,66018,66019,66020,66022,66025,66026,66028],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10194,66021],{},[15,66023,66024],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66027,65425],{},", not the value itself.",[237,66030,1326,66031,2034,66034,66036,66038,66039,16782,66041,66064,16770,66066],{},[15,66032,66033],{},"index[]",[15,66035,59117],{},[10194,66037],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10194,66040],{},[43,66042,66044],{"className":45,"code":66043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66045,66046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66047,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66049,8163],{"class":58},[52,66051,121],{"class":66},[52,66053,35984],{"class":124},[52,66055,145],{"class":66},[52,66057,71],{"class":70},[52,66059,4441],{"class":74},[52,66061,71],{"class":70},[52,66063,151],{"class":66},[10194,66065],{},[43,66067,66069],{"className":45,"code":66068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66070,66071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66072,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66074,8163],{"class":58},[52,66076,121],{"class":66},[52,66078,35984],{"class":24881},[52,66080,513],{"class":66},[52,66082,71],{"class":70},[52,66084,4441],{"class":74},[52,66086,71],{"class":70},[52,66088,766],{"class":66},[237,66090,66091,66092,66094,2218,66097,66099,66100],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10194,66093],{},[15,66095,66096],{},"\"3\"",[15,66098,2410],{}," are different values in Python.",[43,66101,66103],{"className":45,"code":66102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66104,66105,66125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66106,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66108,3971],{"class":58},[52,66110,63],{"class":62},[52,66112,755],{"class":66},[52,66114,3339],{"class":103},[52,66116,91],{"class":66},[52,66118,1378],{"class":103},[52,66120,91],{"class":66},[52,66122,2801],{"class":103},[52,66124,766],{"class":66},[52,66126,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66128,142],{"class":141},[52,66130,145],{"class":66},[52,66132,71],{"class":70},[52,66134,2410],{"class":74},[52,66136,71],{"class":70},[52,66138,21303],{"class":163},[52,66140,4617],{"class":124},[52,66142,4014],{"class":66},[52,66144,5125],{"class":4017},[20,66146,66147],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,66149,66151],{"className":45,"code":66150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66152,66153,66163,66177,66191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66154,66155,66157,66159,66161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66156,142],{"class":141},[52,66158,145],{"class":66},[52,66160,8693],{"class":124},[52,66162,151],{"class":66},[52,66164,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66166,142],{"class":141},[52,66168,145],{"class":66},[52,66170,3573],{"class":3251},[52,66172,145],{"class":66},[52,66174,65940],{"class":124},[52,66176,2120],{"class":66},[52,66178,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66180,142],{"class":141},[52,66182,145],{"class":66},[52,66184,65898],{"class":124},[52,66186,4238],{"class":163},[52,66188,8750],{"class":124},[52,66190,151],{"class":66},[52,66192,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,66194,142],{"class":141},[52,66196,145],{"class":66},[52,66198,8693],{"class":124},[52,66200,121],{"class":66},[52,66202,35984],{"class":124},[52,66204,145],{"class":66},[52,66206,65940],{"class":124},[52,66208,2120],{"class":66},[20,66210,66211],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66213,66214],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[234,66216,66217,66220,66227,66233],{},[237,66218,66219],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[237,66221,66222,66223,2034,66225],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66224,66096],{},[15,66226,2410],{},[237,66228,66229,66230,66232],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66231,59117],{}," returns only the first one",[237,66234,66235],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[38,66237,1063,66239],{"id":66238},"when-to-use-index",[15,66240,59117],{},[20,66242,222,66243,1070],{},[15,66244,59117],{},[234,66246,66247,66250,66253],{},[237,66248,66249],{},"You need the position of a known value",[237,66251,66252],{},"You are working with a small list",[237,66254,66255],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66257,66258],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[38,66260,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,66262,5495,66264,5498],{"id":66263},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66265,65016],{},[20,66267,66268],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1335,66270,2195,66272,5514,66274,66276],{"id":66271},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66273,65016],{},[15,66275,66005],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66278,66279,66280,6983],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66281,40846],{},[1335,66283,5523,66285,66287],{"id":66284},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66286,65016],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66289,66290],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1335,66292,66294,66295,2221],{"id":66293},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66296,59117],{},[20,66298,66299,66300,2218,66302,66304],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66301,36211],{},[15,66303,52808],{}," arguments.",[38,66306,2240],{"id":2239},[234,66308,66309,66313,66317,66321],{},[237,66310,66311],{},[257,66312,59105],{"href":65446},[237,66314,66315],{},[257,66316,52919],{"href":54718},[237,66318,66319],{},[257,66320,65990],{"href":65989},[237,66322,66323],{},[257,66324,55668,66325,2264],{"href":59176},[15,66326,57439],{},[2278,66328,66329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":66331},[66332,66333,66335,66336,66337,66338,66339,66341,66342,66343,66345,66355],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":65113,"depth":110,"text":66334},"What list.index() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":38160,"depth":110,"text":38161},{"id":65321,"depth":110,"text":65322},{"id":65450,"depth":110,"text":65451},{"id":65557,"depth":110,"text":66340},"Using start and end",{"id":65780,"depth":110,"text":65781},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873},{"id":66238,"depth":110,"text":66344},"When to use index()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":66346},[66347,66349,66351,66353],{"id":66263,"depth":131,"text":66348},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66271,"depth":131,"text":66350},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66284,"depth":131,"text":66352},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66293,"depth":131,"text":66354},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65004,"description":66356},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66363,"title":66364,"body":66365,"description":68307,"extension":2310,"meta":68308,"navigation":134,"path":68309,"seo":68310,"stem":68311,"__hash__":68312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66366,"toc":68267},[66367,66372,66377,66380,66389,66446,66452,66457,66461,66475,66481,66483,66506,66523,66525,66586,66588,66620,66633,66635,66638,66738,66740,66818,66824,66828,66836,66840,66846,66901,66903,66927,66931,66934,66987,66989,67013,67017,67020,67073,67075,67099,67103,67109,67180,67182,67223,67229,67236,67239,67244,67252,67257,67265,67267,67364,67366,67435,67442,67447,67449,67453,67458,67460,67531,67533,67562,67568,67570,67597,67600,67623,67627,67630,67652,67655,67678,67680,67740,67742,67774,67780,67785,67838,67840,67865,67868,67917,67919,67940,67944,67949,67952,68007,68009,68036,68043,68047,68052,68123,68126,68140,68145,68150,68152,68166,68178,68183,68185,68190,68195,68199,68202,68208,68214,68221,68229,68231,68264],[10,66368,54490,66370,18],{"id":66369},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66371,54416],{},[20,66373,66374,66376],{},[15,66375,54059],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66378,66379],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66381,222,66382,66384,66385,121],{},[15,66383,54416],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[257,66386,55668,66387,2264],{"href":56917},[15,66388,52800],{},[43,66390,66392],{"className":45,"code":66391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66393,66394,66414,66432,66442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66395,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66397,3971],{"class":58},[52,66399,63],{"class":62},[52,66401,755],{"class":66},[52,66403,3339],{"class":103},[52,66405,91],{"class":66},[52,66407,1378],{"class":103},[52,66409,91],{"class":66},[52,66411,2807],{"class":103},[52,66413,766],{"class":66},[52,66415,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66417,4001],{"class":58},[52,66419,121],{"class":66},[52,66421,54099],{"class":124},[52,66423,145],{"class":66},[52,66425,2404],{"class":103},[52,66427,91],{"class":66},[52,66429,2801],{"class":103},[52,66431,151],{"class":66},[52,66433,66434,66436,66438,66440],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66435,142],{"class":141},[52,66437,145],{"class":66},[52,66439,4001],{"class":124},[52,66441,151],{"class":66},[52,66443,66444],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,66445,52871],{"class":4017},[20,66447,222,66448,66451],{},[15,66449,66450],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[38,66453,4031,66455,4034],{"id":66454},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66456,54059],{},[20,66458,66459,80],{},[15,66460,54059],{},[234,66462,66463,66466,66469,66471],{},[237,66464,66465],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[237,66467,66468],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[237,66470,54576],{},[237,66472,11763,66473],{},[15,66474,4133],{},[20,66476,66477,66478,66480],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66479,54416],{}," does not create a new list.",[38,66482,5785],{"id":5784},[43,66484,66486],{"className":45,"code":66485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66487,66488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66489,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66491,8693],{"class":58},[52,66493,121],{"class":66},[52,66495,54099],{"class":124},[52,66497,145],{"class":66},[52,66499,35984],{"class":124},[52,66501,91],{"class":66},[52,66503,29640],{"class":124},[52,66505,151],{"class":66},[234,66507,66508,66513,66518],{},[237,66509,66510,66512],{},[15,66511,35984],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[237,66514,66515,66517],{},[15,66516,23441],{}," is the value to add",[237,66519,66520,66521],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66522,2467],{},[20,66524,309],{},[43,66526,66528],{"className":45,"code":66527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66529,66530,66554,66576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66531,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66533,36229],{"class":58},[52,66535,63],{"class":62},[52,66537,755],{"class":66},[52,66539,71],{"class":70},[52,66541,257],{"class":74},[52,66543,71],{"class":70},[52,66545,91],{"class":66},[52,66547,83],{"class":70},[52,66549,10087],{"class":74},[52,66551,71],{"class":70},[52,66553,766],{"class":66},[52,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66557,36282],{"class":58},[52,66559,121],{"class":66},[52,66561,54099],{"class":124},[52,66563,145],{"class":66},[52,66565,3339],{"class":103},[52,66567,91],{"class":66},[52,66569,83],{"class":70},[52,66571,345],{"class":74},[52,66573,71],{"class":70},[52,66575,151],{"class":66},[52,66577,66578,66580,66582,66584],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66579,142],{"class":141},[52,66581,145],{"class":66},[52,66583,36282],{"class":124},[52,66585,151],{"class":66},[20,66587,173],{},[43,66589,66590],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66591,66592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66593,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66595,513],{"class":66},[52,66597,186],{"class":70},[52,66599,257],{"class":74},[52,66601,186],{"class":70},[52,66603,91],{"class":66},[52,66605,195],{"class":70},[52,66607,345],{"class":74},[52,66609,186],{"class":70},[52,66611,91],{"class":66},[52,66613,195],{"class":70},[52,66615,10087],{"class":74},[52,66617,186],{"class":70},[52,66619,766],{"class":66},[20,66621,20900,66622,66624,66625,66627,66628,2218,66630,121],{},[15,66623,65746],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66626,3339],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66629,18224],{},[15,66631,66632],{},"\"c\"",[38,66634,6141],{"id":6140},[20,66636,66637],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[43,66639,66641],{"className":45,"code":66640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66642,66643,66675,66693,66697,66719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66644,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66646,319],{"class":58},[52,66648,63],{"class":62},[52,66650,755],{"class":66},[52,66652,71],{"class":70},[52,66654,336],{"class":74},[52,66656,71],{"class":70},[52,66658,91],{"class":66},[52,66660,83],{"class":70},[52,66662,354],{"class":74},[52,66664,71],{"class":70},[52,66666,91],{"class":66},[52,66668,83],{"class":70},[52,66670,17583],{"class":74},[52,66672,71],{"class":70},[52,66674,766],{"class":66},[52,66676,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66678,142],{"class":141},[52,66680,145],{"class":66},[52,66682,71],{"class":70},[52,66684,11898],{"class":74},[52,66686,71],{"class":70},[52,66688,91],{"class":66},[52,66690,368],{"class":124},[52,66692,151],{"class":66},[52,66694,66695],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66696,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,66698,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,66700,17630],{"class":58},[52,66702,121],{"class":66},[52,66704,54099],{"class":124},[52,66706,145],{"class":66},[52,66708,3339],{"class":103},[52,66710,91],{"class":66},[52,66712,83],{"class":70},[52,66714,22654],{"class":74},[52,66716,71],{"class":70},[52,66718,151],{"class":66},[52,66720,66721,66723,66725,66727,66730,66732,66734,66736],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,66722,142],{"class":141},[52,66724,145],{"class":66},[52,66726,71],{"class":70},[52,66728,66729],{"class":74},"After: ",[52,66731,71],{"class":70},[52,66733,91],{"class":66},[52,66735,368],{"class":124},[52,66737,151],{"class":66},[20,66739,173],{},[43,66741,66743],{"className":45,"code":66742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66744,66745,66777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66746,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66748,11957],{"class":58},[52,66750,80],{"class":66},[52,66752,755],{"class":66},[52,66754,186],{"class":70},[52,66756,336],{"class":74},[52,66758,186],{"class":70},[52,66760,91],{"class":66},[52,66762,195],{"class":70},[52,66764,354],{"class":74},[52,66766,186],{"class":70},[52,66768,91],{"class":66},[52,66770,195],{"class":70},[52,66772,17583],{"class":74},[52,66774,186],{"class":70},[52,66776,766],{"class":66},[52,66778,66779,66781,66783,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66780,12010],{"class":58},[52,66782,80],{"class":66},[52,66784,66785],{"class":66},"  [",[52,66787,186],{"class":70},[52,66789,336],{"class":74},[52,66791,186],{"class":70},[52,66793,91],{"class":66},[52,66795,195],{"class":70},[52,66797,22654],{"class":74},[52,66799,186],{"class":70},[52,66801,91],{"class":66},[52,66803,195],{"class":70},[52,66805,354],{"class":74},[52,66807,186],{"class":70},[52,66809,91],{"class":66},[52,66811,195],{"class":70},[52,66813,17583],{"class":74},[52,66815,186],{"class":70},[52,66817,766],{"class":66},[20,66819,66820,66821,66823],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66822,3339],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[38,66825,66827],{"id":66826},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66829,2327,66830,35467,66832,66835],{},[15,66831,35984],{},[15,66833,66834],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1335,66837,66839],{"id":66838},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66841,66842,66843,66845],{},"Use index ",[15,66844,2467],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[43,66847,66849],{"className":45,"code":66848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66850,66851,66872,66891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66852,66853,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66854,66855],{"class":58},"nums ",[52,66857,63],{"class":62},[52,66859,755],{"class":66},[52,66861,2404],{"class":103},[52,66863,91],{"class":66},[52,66865,2801],{"class":103},[52,66867,91],{"class":66},[52,66869,2807],{"class":103},[52,66871,766],{"class":66},[52,66873,66874,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66875,66876],{"class":58},"nums",[52,66878,121],{"class":66},[52,66880,54099],{"class":124},[52,66882,145],{"class":66},[52,66884,2467],{"class":103},[52,66886,91],{"class":66},[52,66888,1364],{"class":103},[52,66890,151],{"class":66},[52,66892,66893,66895,66897,66899],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66894,142],{"class":141},[52,66896,145],{"class":66},[52,66898,66876],{"class":124},[52,66900,151],{"class":66},[20,66902,173],{},[43,66904,66905],{"className":45,"code":53653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66906,66907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66908,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66910,513],{"class":66},[52,66912,3339],{"class":103},[52,66914,91],{"class":66},[52,66916,1378],{"class":103},[52,66918,91],{"class":66},[52,66920,2801],{"class":103},[52,66922,91],{"class":66},[52,66924,2807],{"class":103},[52,66926,766],{"class":66},[1335,66928,66930],{"id":66929},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66932,66933],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[43,66935,66937],{"className":45,"code":66936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66938,66939,66959,66977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66942,66855],{"class":58},[52,66944,63],{"class":62},[52,66946,755],{"class":66},[52,66948,3339],{"class":103},[52,66950,91],{"class":66},[52,66952,1378],{"class":103},[52,66954,91],{"class":66},[52,66956,2807],{"class":103},[52,66958,766],{"class":66},[52,66960,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,66962,66876],{"class":58},[52,66964,121],{"class":66},[52,66966,54099],{"class":124},[52,66968,145],{"class":66},[52,66970,2404],{"class":103},[52,66972,91],{"class":66},[52,66974,2801],{"class":103},[52,66976,151],{"class":66},[52,66978,66979,66981,66983,66985],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66980,142],{"class":141},[52,66982,145],{"class":66},[52,66984,66876],{"class":124},[52,66986,151],{"class":66},[20,66988,173],{},[43,66990,66991],{"className":45,"code":53653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66992,66993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66994,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66996,513],{"class":66},[52,66998,3339],{"class":103},[52,67000,91],{"class":66},[52,67002,1378],{"class":103},[52,67004,91],{"class":66},[52,67006,2801],{"class":103},[52,67008,91],{"class":66},[52,67010,2807],{"class":103},[52,67012,766],{"class":66},[1335,67014,67016],{"id":67015},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67018,67019],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[43,67021,67023],{"className":45,"code":67022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67024,67025,67045,67063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67026,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67028,66855],{"class":58},[52,67030,63],{"class":62},[52,67032,755],{"class":66},[52,67034,3339],{"class":103},[52,67036,91],{"class":66},[52,67038,1378],{"class":103},[52,67040,91],{"class":66},[52,67042,2801],{"class":103},[52,67044,766],{"class":66},[52,67046,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67048,66876],{"class":58},[52,67050,121],{"class":66},[52,67052,54099],{"class":124},[52,67054,145],{"class":66},[52,67056,2679],{"class":103},[52,67058,91],{"class":66},[52,67060,2807],{"class":103},[52,67062,151],{"class":66},[52,67064,67065,67067,67069,67071],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67066,142],{"class":141},[52,67068,145],{"class":66},[52,67070,66876],{"class":124},[52,67072,151],{"class":66},[20,67074,173],{},[43,67076,67077],{"className":45,"code":53653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67078,67079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67080,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67082,513],{"class":66},[52,67084,3339],{"class":103},[52,67086,91],{"class":66},[52,67088,1378],{"class":103},[52,67090,91],{"class":66},[52,67092,2801],{"class":103},[52,67094,91],{"class":66},[52,67096,2807],{"class":103},[52,67098,766],{"class":66},[1335,67100,67102],{"id":67101},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67104,67105,67106,67108],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67107,54416],{}," places the item before that position.",[43,67110,67112],{"className":45,"code":67111,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67113,67114,67146,67170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67115,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67117,36229],{"class":58},[52,67119,63],{"class":62},[52,67121,755],{"class":66},[52,67123,71],{"class":70},[52,67125,257],{"class":74},[52,67127,71],{"class":70},[52,67129,91],{"class":66},[52,67131,83],{"class":70},[52,67133,345],{"class":74},[52,67135,71],{"class":70},[52,67137,91],{"class":66},[52,67139,83],{"class":70},[52,67141,18896],{"class":74},[52,67143,71],{"class":70},[52,67145,766],{"class":66},[52,67147,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67149,36282],{"class":58},[52,67151,121],{"class":66},[52,67153,54099],{"class":124},[52,67155,145],{"class":66},[52,67157,2369],{"class":62},[52,67159,3339],{"class":103},[52,67161,91],{"class":66},[52,67163,83],{"class":70},[52,67165,10087],{"class":74},[52,67167,71],{"class":70},[52,67169,151],{"class":66},[52,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67173,142],{"class":141},[52,67175,145],{"class":66},[52,67177,36282],{"class":124},[52,67179,151],{"class":66},[20,67181,173],{},[43,67183,67185],{"className":45,"code":67184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67186,67187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67188,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67190,513],{"class":66},[52,67192,186],{"class":70},[52,67194,257],{"class":74},[52,67196,186],{"class":70},[52,67198,91],{"class":66},[52,67200,195],{"class":70},[52,67202,345],{"class":74},[52,67204,186],{"class":70},[52,67206,91],{"class":66},[52,67208,195],{"class":70},[52,67210,10087],{"class":74},[52,67212,186],{"class":70},[52,67214,91],{"class":66},[52,67216,195],{"class":70},[52,67218,18896],{"class":74},[52,67220,186],{"class":70},[52,67222,766],{"class":66},[20,67224,67225,67226,2652],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[257,67227,67228],{"href":51126},"Python lists beginner guide",[38,67230,67232,10931,67234],{"id":67231},"insert-vs-append",[15,67233,54416],{},[15,67235,52800],{},[20,67237,67238],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1335,67240,222,67242,1070],{"id":67241},"use-insert-when",[15,67243,54416],{},[234,67245,67246,67249],{},[237,67247,67248],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[237,67250,67251],{},"The order of the list matters",[1335,67253,222,67255,1070],{"id":67254},"use-append-when",[15,67256,52800],{},[234,67258,67259,67262],{},[237,67260,67261],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[237,67263,67264],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67266,309],{},[43,67268,67270],{"className":45,"code":67269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67271,67272,67296,67300,67322,67332,67336,67354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67273,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67275,8133],{"class":58},[52,67277,63],{"class":62},[52,67279,755],{"class":66},[52,67281,71],{"class":70},[52,67283,4432],{"class":74},[52,67285,71],{"class":70},[52,67287,91],{"class":66},[52,67289,83],{"class":70},[52,67291,33356],{"class":74},[52,67293,71],{"class":70},[52,67295,766],{"class":66},[52,67297,67298],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,67301,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67303,8163],{"class":58},[52,67305,121],{"class":66},[52,67307,54099],{"class":124},[52,67309,145],{"class":66},[52,67311,3339],{"class":103},[52,67313,91],{"class":66},[52,67315,83],{"class":70},[52,67317,4441],{"class":74},[52,67319,71],{"class":70},[52,67321,151],{"class":66},[52,67323,67324,67326,67328,67330],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,67325,142],{"class":141},[52,67327,145],{"class":66},[52,67329,8163],{"class":124},[52,67331,151],{"class":66},[52,67333,67334],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,67335,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,67339,8163],{"class":58},[52,67341,121],{"class":66},[52,67343,811],{"class":124},[52,67345,145],{"class":66},[52,67347,71],{"class":70},[52,67349,22663],{"class":74},[52,67351,71],{"class":70},[52,67353,151],{"class":66},[52,67355,67356,67358,67360,67362],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,67357,142],{"class":141},[52,67359,145],{"class":66},[52,67361,8163],{"class":124},[52,67363,151],{"class":66},[20,67365,173],{},[43,67367,67369],{"className":45,"code":67368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67370,67371,67399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67372,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67374,513],{"class":66},[52,67376,186],{"class":70},[52,67378,4432],{"class":74},[52,67380,186],{"class":70},[52,67382,91],{"class":66},[52,67384,195],{"class":70},[52,67386,4441],{"class":74},[52,67388,186],{"class":70},[52,67390,91],{"class":66},[52,67392,195],{"class":70},[52,67394,33356],{"class":74},[52,67396,186],{"class":70},[52,67398,766],{"class":66},[52,67400,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67402,513],{"class":66},[52,67404,186],{"class":70},[52,67406,4432],{"class":74},[52,67408,186],{"class":70},[52,67410,91],{"class":66},[52,67412,195],{"class":70},[52,67414,4441],{"class":74},[52,67416,186],{"class":70},[52,67418,91],{"class":66},[52,67420,195],{"class":70},[52,67422,33356],{"class":74},[52,67424,186],{"class":70},[52,67426,91],{"class":66},[52,67428,195],{"class":70},[52,67430,22663],{"class":74},[52,67432,186],{"class":70},[52,67434,766],{"class":66},[20,67436,67437,67438,121],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[257,67439,55668,67440,2264],{"href":56917},[15,67441,52800],{},[20,67443,67444,67445,121],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[257,67446,53197],{"href":53196},[38,67448,4873],{"id":4872},[20,67450,2025,67451,121],{},[15,67452,54416],{},[1335,67454,12920,67456],{"id":67455},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67457,54416],{},[20,67459,25822],{},[43,67461,67463],{"className":45,"code":67462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67464,67465,67485,67507,67511,67521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67466,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67468,3971],{"class":58},[52,67470,63],{"class":62},[52,67472,755],{"class":66},[52,67474,3339],{"class":103},[52,67476,91],{"class":66},[52,67478,1378],{"class":103},[52,67480,91],{"class":66},[52,67482,2801],{"class":103},[52,67484,766],{"class":66},[52,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67488,2577],{"class":58},[52,67490,63],{"class":62},[52,67492,4617],{"class":58},[52,67494,121],{"class":66},[52,67496,54099],{"class":124},[52,67498,145],{"class":66},[52,67500,3339],{"class":103},[52,67502,91],{"class":66},[52,67504,1499],{"class":103},[52,67506,151],{"class":66},[52,67508,67509],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67510,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,67512,67513,67515,67517,67519],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,67514,142],{"class":141},[52,67516,145],{"class":66},[52,67518,2612],{"class":124},[52,67520,151],{"class":66},[52,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,67524,142],{"class":141},[52,67526,145],{"class":66},[52,67528,4001],{"class":124},[52,67530,151],{"class":66},[20,67532,173],{},[43,67534,67536],{"className":45,"code":67535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67537,67538,67542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67539,67540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67541,12141],{"class":218},[52,67543,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67545,513],{"class":66},[52,67547,3339],{"class":103},[52,67549,91],{"class":66},[52,67551,1499],{"class":103},[52,67553,91],{"class":66},[52,67555,1378],{"class":103},[52,67557,91],{"class":66},[52,67559,2801],{"class":103},[52,67561,766],{"class":66},[20,67563,67564,54301,67566,121],{},[15,67565,54416],{},[15,67567,4133],{},[20,67569,16770],{},[43,67571,67573],{"className":45,"code":67572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67574,67575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67576,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67578,56038],{"class":58},[52,67580,63],{"class":62},[52,67582,4617],{"class":58},[52,67584,121],{"class":66},[52,67586,54099],{"class":124},[52,67588,145],{"class":66},[52,67590,3339],{"class":103},[52,67592,91],{"class":66},[52,67594,1499],{"class":103},[52,67596,151],{"class":66},[20,67598,67599],{},"Right:",[43,67601,67603],{"className":45,"code":67602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67604,67605],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67606,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67608,4001],{"class":58},[52,67610,121],{"class":66},[52,67612,54099],{"class":124},[52,67614,145],{"class":66},[52,67616,3339],{"class":103},[52,67618,91],{"class":66},[52,67620,1499],{"class":103},[52,67622,151],{"class":66},[1335,67624,67626],{"id":67625},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67628,67629],{},"The correct order is:",[43,67631,67632],{"className":45,"code":66485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67633,67634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67635,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67637,8693],{"class":58},[52,67639,121],{"class":66},[52,67641,54099],{"class":124},[52,67643,145],{"class":66},[52,67645,35984],{"class":124},[52,67647,91],{"class":66},[52,67649,29640],{"class":124},[52,67651,151],{"class":66},[20,67653,67654],{},"Not:",[43,67656,67658],{"className":45,"code":67657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67659,67660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67661,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67663,8693],{"class":58},[52,67665,121],{"class":66},[52,67667,54099],{"class":124},[52,67669,145],{"class":66},[52,67671,23441],{"class":124},[52,67673,91],{"class":66},[52,67675,35959],{"class":124},[52,67677,151],{"class":66},[20,67679,309],{},[43,67681,67682],{"className":45,"code":66527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67683,67684,67708,67730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67685,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67687,36229],{"class":58},[52,67689,63],{"class":62},[52,67691,755],{"class":66},[52,67693,71],{"class":70},[52,67695,257],{"class":74},[52,67697,71],{"class":70},[52,67699,91],{"class":66},[52,67701,83],{"class":70},[52,67703,10087],{"class":74},[52,67705,71],{"class":70},[52,67707,766],{"class":66},[52,67709,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67711,36282],{"class":58},[52,67713,121],{"class":66},[52,67715,54099],{"class":124},[52,67717,145],{"class":66},[52,67719,3339],{"class":103},[52,67721,91],{"class":66},[52,67723,83],{"class":70},[52,67725,345],{"class":74},[52,67727,71],{"class":70},[52,67729,151],{"class":66},[52,67731,67732,67734,67736,67738],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67733,142],{"class":141},[52,67735,145],{"class":66},[52,67737,36282],{"class":124},[52,67739,151],{"class":66},[20,67741,173],{},[43,67743,67744],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67745,67746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67747,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67749,513],{"class":66},[52,67751,186],{"class":70},[52,67753,257],{"class":74},[52,67755,186],{"class":70},[52,67757,91],{"class":66},[52,67759,195],{"class":70},[52,67761,345],{"class":74},[52,67763,186],{"class":70},[52,67765,91],{"class":66},[52,67767,195],{"class":70},[52,67769,10087],{"class":74},[52,67771,186],{"class":70},[52,67773,766],{"class":66},[1335,67775,8807,67777,67779],{"id":67776},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67778,54416],{}," to replace an item",[20,67781,67782,67784],{},[15,67783,54416],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[43,67786,67788],{"className":45,"code":67787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67789,67790,67810,67828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67791,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67793,3971],{"class":58},[52,67795,63],{"class":62},[52,67797,755],{"class":66},[52,67799,3339],{"class":103},[52,67801,91],{"class":66},[52,67803,1378],{"class":103},[52,67805,91],{"class":66},[52,67807,2801],{"class":103},[52,67809,766],{"class":66},[52,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67813,4001],{"class":58},[52,67815,121],{"class":66},[52,67817,54099],{"class":124},[52,67819,145],{"class":66},[52,67821,3339],{"class":103},[52,67823,91],{"class":66},[52,67825,1499],{"class":103},[52,67827,151],{"class":66},[52,67829,67830,67832,67834,67836],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67831,142],{"class":141},[52,67833,145],{"class":66},[52,67835,4001],{"class":124},[52,67837,151],{"class":66},[20,67839,173],{},[43,67841,67843],{"className":45,"code":67842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67844,67845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67846,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67848,513],{"class":66},[52,67850,3339],{"class":103},[52,67852,91],{"class":66},[52,67854,1499],{"class":103},[52,67856,91],{"class":66},[52,67858,1378],{"class":103},[52,67860,91],{"class":66},[52,67862,2801],{"class":103},[52,67864,766],{"class":66},[20,67866,67867],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[43,67869,67871],{"className":45,"code":67870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67872,67873,67893,67907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67874,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67876,3971],{"class":58},[52,67878,63],{"class":62},[52,67880,755],{"class":66},[52,67882,3339],{"class":103},[52,67884,91],{"class":66},[52,67886,1378],{"class":103},[52,67888,91],{"class":66},[52,67890,2801],{"class":103},[52,67892,766],{"class":66},[52,67894,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67896,4001],{"class":58},[52,67898,513],{"class":66},[52,67900,3339],{"class":103},[52,67902,522],{"class":66},[52,67904,525],{"class":62},[52,67906,1414],{"class":103},[52,67908,67909,67911,67913,67915],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67910,142],{"class":141},[52,67912,145],{"class":66},[52,67914,4001],{"class":124},[52,67916,151],{"class":66},[20,67918,173],{},[43,67920,67922],{"className":45,"code":67921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67923,67924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67925,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67927,513],{"class":66},[52,67929,3339],{"class":103},[52,67931,91],{"class":66},[52,67933,1499],{"class":103},[52,67935,91],{"class":66},[52,67937,2801],{"class":103},[52,67939,766],{"class":66},[1335,67941,67943],{"id":67942},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67945,67946,67948],{},[15,67947,54416],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67950,67951],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[43,67953,67955],{"className":45,"code":67954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67956,67957,67973,67997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67958,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67960,3971],{"class":58},[52,67962,63],{"class":62},[52,67964,755],{"class":66},[52,67966,3339],{"class":103},[52,67968,91],{"class":66},[52,67970,2807],{"class":103},[52,67972,766],{"class":66},[52,67974,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,67976,4001],{"class":58},[52,67978,121],{"class":66},[52,67980,54099],{"class":124},[52,67982,145],{"class":66},[52,67984,3339],{"class":103},[52,67986,91],{"class":66},[52,67988,755],{"class":66},[52,67990,2404],{"class":103},[52,67992,91],{"class":66},[52,67994,2801],{"class":103},[52,67996,913],{"class":66},[52,67998,67999,68001,68003,68005],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68000,142],{"class":141},[52,68002,145],{"class":66},[52,68004,4001],{"class":124},[52,68006,151],{"class":66},[20,68008,173],{},[43,68010,68012],{"className":45,"code":68011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68013,68014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68015,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68017,513],{"class":66},[52,68019,3339],{"class":103},[52,68021,91],{"class":66},[52,68023,755],{"class":66},[52,68025,2404],{"class":103},[52,68027,91],{"class":66},[52,68029,2801],{"class":103},[52,68031,18190],{"class":66},[52,68033,2807],{"class":103},[52,68035,766],{"class":66},[20,68037,68038,68039,121],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[257,68040,55668,68041,2264],{"href":53492},[15,68042,53594],{},[1335,68044,68046],{"id":68045},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68048,9230,68049,68051],{},[15,68050,54416],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[43,68053,68055],{"className":45,"code":68054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68056,68057,68067,68081,68099,68113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68058,68059,68061,68063,68065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68060,142],{"class":141},[52,68062,145],{"class":66},[52,68064,8693],{"class":124},[52,68066,151],{"class":66},[52,68068,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68070,142],{"class":141},[52,68072,145],{"class":66},[52,68074,11505],{"class":141},[52,68076,145],{"class":66},[52,68078,8693],{"class":124},[52,68080,2120],{"class":66},[52,68082,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68084,142],{"class":141},[52,68086,145],{"class":66},[52,68088,8693],{"class":124},[52,68090,121],{"class":66},[52,68092,54099],{"class":24881},[52,68094,121],{"class":66},[52,68096,34582],{"class":34589},[52,68098,151],{"class":66},[52,68100,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,68102,32287],{"class":141},[52,68104,145],{"class":66},[52,68106,8448],{"class":3251},[52,68108,121],{"class":66},[52,68110,54099],{"class":24881},[52,68112,151],{"class":66},[52,68114,68115,68117,68119,68121],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,68116,3573],{"class":3251},[52,68118,145],{"class":66},[52,68120,8693],{"class":124},[52,68122,151],{"class":66},[20,68124,68125],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[234,68127,68128,68131,68134,68137],{},[237,68129,68130],{},"What is currently in the list",[237,68132,68133],{},"How long the list is",[237,68135,68136],{},"That you are working with a real list",[237,68138,68139],{},"How Python describes the method",[38,68141,1063,68143],{"id":68142},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68144,54416],{},[20,68146,222,68147,68149],{},[15,68148,54416],{}," when position matters.",[20,68151,36565],{},[234,68153,68154,68157,68160,68163],{},[237,68155,68156],{},"Ordered menus",[237,68158,68159],{},"Rankings or score lists",[237,68161,68162],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[237,68164,68165],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68167,68168,68169,68171,68172,68174,68175,68177],{},"You usually do ",[33,68170,1332],{}," need ",[15,68173,54416],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68176,52800],{}," is simpler.",[20,68179,68180,68181,121],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[257,68182,57303],{"href":57302},[38,68184,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,68186,2195,68188,55617],{"id":68187},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68189,54059],{},[20,68191,68192,68193,121],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68194,4133],{},[1335,68196,68198],{"id":68197},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68200,68201],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1335,68203,5523,68205,68207],{"id":68204},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68206,54059],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68209,68210,68211,68213],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68212,53594],{}," or slicing.",[1335,68215,2215,68217,2218,68219,2221],{"id":68216},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68218,54416],{},[15,68220,52800],{},[20,68222,68223,68225,68226,68228],{},[15,68224,54416],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68227,52800],{}," adds only at the end.",[38,68230,2240],{"id":2239},[234,68232,68233,68239,68245,68249,68253,68257],{},[237,68234,68235],{},[257,68236,55668,68237,2264],{"href":56917},[15,68238,52800],{},[237,68240,68241],{},[257,68242,55668,68243,2264],{"href":53492},[15,68244,53594],{},[237,68246,68247],{},[257,68248,54426],{"href":53196},[237,68250,68251],{},[257,68252,52919],{"href":51126},[237,68254,68255],{},[257,68256,57377],{"href":57302},[237,68258,68259],{},[257,68260,30481,68261,33769],{"href":54444},[15,68262,68263],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2278,68265,68266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":68268},[68269,68271,68272,68273,68279,68286,68295,68297,68306],{"id":66454,"depth":110,"text":68270},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5784,"depth":110,"text":5785},{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":66826,"depth":110,"text":66827,"children":68274},[68275,68276,68277,68278],{"id":66838,"depth":131,"text":66839},{"id":66929,"depth":131,"text":66930},{"id":67015,"depth":131,"text":67016},{"id":67101,"depth":131,"text":67102},{"id":67231,"depth":110,"text":68280,"children":68281},"insert() vs append()",[68282,68284],{"id":67241,"depth":131,"text":68283},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67254,"depth":131,"text":68285},"Use append() when:",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":68287},[68288,68290,68291,68293,68294],{"id":67455,"depth":131,"text":68289},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67625,"depth":131,"text":67626},{"id":67776,"depth":131,"text":68292},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67942,"depth":131,"text":67943},{"id":68045,"depth":131,"text":68046},{"id":68142,"depth":110,"text":68296},"When to use insert()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":68298},[68299,68301,68302,68304],{"id":68187,"depth":131,"text":68300},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68197,"depth":131,"text":68198},{"id":68204,"depth":131,"text":68303},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68216,"depth":131,"text":68305},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66364,"description":68307},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68314,"title":68315,"body":68316,"description":69871,"extension":2310,"meta":69872,"navigation":134,"path":59122,"seo":69873,"stem":69874,"__hash__":69875},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68317,"toc":69844},[68318,68324,68333,68382,68384,68392,68398,68400,68418,68424,68429,68432,68435,68450,68452,68504,68506,68514,68522,68529,68531,68537,68602,68604,68612,68614,68633,68636,68687,68691,68696,68723,68725,68733,68736,68805,68807,68822,68828,68832,68841,68844,68899,68901,68909,68912,68914,68959,68961,68969,68975,68977,68985,68988,68990,69029,69031,69070,69075,69077,69079,69114,69117,69119,69157,69161,69167,69169,69220,69222,69230,69237,69240,69261,69264,69319,69330,69332,69393,69395,69404,69411,69417,69420,69423,69480,69483,69496,69503,69509,69515,69517,69530,69533,69630,69632,69649,69652,69734,69736,69758,69765,69771,69773,69777,69783,69789,69794,69798,69801,69807,69814,69816,69841],[10,68319,68321,68322,4014],{"id":68320},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68323,11505],{},[20,68325,68326,68327,68329,68330,68332],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68328,42504],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68331,42504],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[43,68334,68336],{"className":45,"code":68335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68337,68338,68358,68372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68339,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68341,3971],{"class":58},[52,68343,63],{"class":62},[52,68345,755],{"class":66},[52,68347,2679],{"class":103},[52,68349,91],{"class":66},[52,68351,104],{"class":103},[52,68353,91],{"class":66},[52,68355,8148],{"class":103},[52,68357,766],{"class":66},[52,68359,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68361,41384],{"class":58},[52,68363,63],{"class":62},[52,68365,38527],{"class":141},[52,68367,145],{"class":66},[52,68369,4001],{"class":124},[52,68371,151],{"class":66},[52,68373,68374,68376,68378,68380],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68375,142],{"class":141},[52,68377,145],{"class":66},[52,68379,41402],{"class":124},[52,68381,151],{"class":66},[20,68383,173],{},[43,68385,68386],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68387,68388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68389,68390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68391,46762],{"class":103},[20,68393,222,68394,68397],{},[15,68395,68396],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[38,68399,15288],{"id":15287},[234,68401,68402,68407,68412,68415],{},[237,68403,4552,68404,68406],{},[15,68405,42504],{}," works with Python lists",[237,68408,68409,68410,12039],{},"What value ",[15,68411,42504],{},[237,68413,68414],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[237,68416,68417],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[38,68419,4031,68421,68423],{"id":68420},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68422,42504],{}," returns for a list",[20,68425,68426,65236],{},[15,68427,68428],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68430,68431],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68433,68434],{},"A few important points:",[234,68436,68437,68440,68445],{},[237,68438,68439],{},"It counts list items",[237,68441,41048,68442,68444],{},[33,68443,1332],{}," count characters inside a string item",[237,68446,68447,68448],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68449,2467],{},[20,68451,309],{},[43,68453,68455],{"className":45,"code":68454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68456,68457,68490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68458,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68460,4423],{"class":58},[52,68462,63],{"class":62},[52,68464,755],{"class":66},[52,68466,71],{"class":70},[52,68468,37187],{"class":74},[52,68470,71],{"class":70},[52,68472,91],{"class":66},[52,68474,83],{"class":70},[52,68476,68477],{"class":74},"elephant",[52,68479,71],{"class":70},[52,68481,91],{"class":66},[52,68483,83],{"class":70},[52,68485,58276],{"class":74},[52,68487,71],{"class":70},[52,68489,766],{"class":66},[52,68491,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68493,142],{"class":141},[52,68495,145],{"class":66},[52,68497,11505],{"class":141},[52,68499,145],{"class":66},[52,68501,4467],{"class":124},[52,68503,2120],{"class":66},[20,68505,173],{},[43,68507,68508],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68509,68510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68511,68512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68513,46762],{"class":103},[20,68515,21107,68516,68519,68520,65243],{},[15,68517,68518],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[33,68521,52804],{},[20,68523,68524,68525,121],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[257,68526,3928,68527,3861],{"href":42501},[15,68528,42504],{},[38,68530,6141],{"id":6140},[20,68532,68533,68534,68536],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68535,42504],{},", and print the result.",[43,68538,68540],{"className":45,"code":68539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68541,68542,68574,68588,68592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68543,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68545,319],{"class":58},[52,68547,63],{"class":62},[52,68549,755],{"class":66},[52,68551,71],{"class":70},[52,68553,336],{"class":74},[52,68555,71],{"class":70},[52,68557,91],{"class":66},[52,68559,83],{"class":70},[52,68561,17583],{"class":74},[52,68563,71],{"class":70},[52,68565,91],{"class":66},[52,68567,83],{"class":70},[52,68569,354],{"class":74},[52,68571,71],{"class":70},[52,68573,766],{"class":66},[52,68575,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68577,41384],{"class":58},[52,68579,63],{"class":62},[52,68581,38527],{"class":141},[52,68583,145],{"class":66},[52,68585,17630],{"class":124},[52,68587,151],{"class":66},[52,68589,68590],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68591,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,68593,68594,68596,68598,68600],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,68595,142],{"class":141},[52,68597,145],{"class":66},[52,68599,41402],{"class":124},[52,68601,151],{"class":66},[20,68603,173],{},[43,68605,68606],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68607,68608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68609,68610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68611,46762],{"class":103},[20,68613,12017],{},[234,68615,68616,68621,68628],{},[237,68617,68618,68620],{},[15,68619,17630],{}," is a list with 3 items",[237,68622,68623,2746,68626],{},[15,68624,68625],{},"len(colors)",[15,68627,2410],{},[237,68629,68630,68631],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68632,41402],{},[20,68634,68635],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[43,68637,68639],{"className":45,"code":68638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68640,68641,68673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68642,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68644,319],{"class":58},[52,68646,63],{"class":62},[52,68648,755],{"class":66},[52,68650,71],{"class":70},[52,68652,336],{"class":74},[52,68654,71],{"class":70},[52,68656,91],{"class":66},[52,68658,83],{"class":70},[52,68660,17583],{"class":74},[52,68662,71],{"class":70},[52,68664,91],{"class":66},[52,68666,83],{"class":70},[52,68668,354],{"class":74},[52,68670,71],{"class":70},[52,68672,766],{"class":66},[52,68674,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68676,142],{"class":141},[52,68678,145],{"class":66},[52,68680,11505],{"class":141},[52,68682,145],{"class":66},[52,68684,17630],{"class":124},[52,68686,2120],{"class":66},[38,68688,68690],{"id":68689},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68692,68693,68694,121],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68695,2467],{},[43,68697,68699],{"className":45,"code":68698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68700,68701,68709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68702,68703,68705,68707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68704,8133],{"class":58},[52,68706,63],{"class":62},[52,68708,8192],{"class":66},[52,68710,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68712,142],{"class":141},[52,68714,145],{"class":66},[52,68716,11505],{"class":141},[52,68718,145],{"class":66},[52,68720,8163],{"class":124},[52,68722,2120],{"class":66},[20,68724,173],{},[43,68726,68727],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68728,68729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68730,68731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68732,47397],{"class":103},[20,68734,68735],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[43,68737,68739],{"className":45,"code":68738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68740,68741,68749,68753,68771,68785,68791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68742,68743,68745,68747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68744,8133],{"class":58},[52,68746,63],{"class":62},[52,68748,8192],{"class":66},[52,68750,68751],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68752,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,68754,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68756,7350],{"class":163},[52,68758,38527],{"class":141},[52,68760,145],{"class":66},[52,68762,8163],{"class":124},[52,68764,4014],{"class":66},[52,68766,38537],{"class":62},[52,68768,4189],{"class":103},[52,68770,6748],{"class":66},[52,68772,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,68774,8423],{"class":141},[52,68776,145],{"class":66},[52,68778,8163],{"class":124},[52,68780,513],{"class":66},[52,68782,2467],{"class":103},[52,68784,913],{"class":66},[52,68786,68787,68789],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,68788,27566],{"class":163},[52,68790,6748],{"class":66},[52,68792,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,68794,8423],{"class":141},[52,68796,145],{"class":66},[52,68798,71],{"class":70},[52,68800,51963],{"class":74},[52,68802,71],{"class":70},[52,68804,151],{"class":66},[20,68806,173],{},[43,68808,68810],{"className":45,"code":68809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is empty\n",[15,68811,68812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68813,68814,68816,68818,68820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68815,2327],{"class":58},[52,68817,8448],{"class":3251},[52,68819,900],{"class":62},[52,68821,8456],{"class":58},[20,68823,68824,68825,68827],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[257,68826,52919],{"href":51126}," is a good next step.",[38,68829,68831],{"id":68830},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68833,68834,68836,68837,68840],{},[15,68835,42504],{}," counts only the ",[33,68838,68839],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68842,68843],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[43,68845,68847],{"className":45,"code":68846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68848,68849,68885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68850,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68852,1815],{"class":58},[52,68854,63],{"class":62},[52,68856,56442],{"class":66},[52,68858,3339],{"class":103},[52,68860,91],{"class":66},[52,68862,1378],{"class":103},[52,68864,18190],{"class":66},[52,68866,755],{"class":66},[52,68868,2410],{"class":103},[52,68870,91],{"class":66},[52,68872,2807],{"class":103},[52,68874,18190],{"class":66},[52,68876,755],{"class":66},[52,68878,2484],{"class":103},[52,68880,91],{"class":66},[52,68882,37784],{"class":103},[52,68884,53390],{"class":66},[52,68886,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68888,142],{"class":141},[52,68890,145],{"class":66},[52,68892,11505],{"class":141},[52,68894,145],{"class":66},[52,68896,1868],{"class":124},[52,68898,2120],{"class":66},[20,68900,173],{},[43,68902,68903],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68904,68905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68906,68907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68908,46762],{"class":103},[20,68910,68911],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68913,52227],{},[43,68915,68917],{"className":45,"code":68916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68918,68919,68945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68922,59622],{"class":58},[52,68924,63],{"class":62},[52,68926,755],{"class":66},[52,68928,3339],{"class":103},[52,68930,91],{"class":66},[52,68932,755],{"class":66},[52,68934,2404],{"class":103},[52,68936,91],{"class":66},[52,68938,2801],{"class":103},[52,68940,18190],{"class":66},[52,68942,2807],{"class":103},[52,68944,766],{"class":66},[52,68946,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,68948,142],{"class":141},[52,68950,145],{"class":66},[52,68952,11505],{"class":141},[52,68954,145],{"class":66},[52,68956,59675],{"class":124},[52,68958,2120],{"class":66},[20,68960,173],{},[43,68962,68963],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68964,68965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68966,68967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68968,46762],{"class":103},[20,68970,21107,68971,68974],{},[15,68972,68973],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[38,68976,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,68978,1326,68980,2034,68983],{"id":68979},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68981,68982],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68984,68428],{},[20,68986,68987],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68989,16770],{},[43,68991,68993],{"className":45,"code":68992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68994,68995,69015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68996,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68998,3971],{"class":58},[52,69000,63],{"class":62},[52,69002,755],{"class":66},[52,69004,2679],{"class":103},[52,69006,91],{"class":66},[52,69008,104],{"class":103},[52,69010,91],{"class":66},[52,69012,8148],{"class":103},[52,69014,766],{"class":66},[52,69016,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69018,142],{"class":141},[52,69020,145],{"class":66},[52,69022,4001],{"class":124},[52,69024,121],{"class":66},[52,69026,11505],{"class":124},[52,69028,7547],{"class":66},[20,69030,16782],{},[43,69032,69034],{"className":45,"code":69033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69035,69036,69056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69039,3971],{"class":58},[52,69041,63],{"class":62},[52,69043,755],{"class":66},[52,69045,2679],{"class":103},[52,69047,91],{"class":66},[52,69049,104],{"class":103},[52,69051,91],{"class":66},[52,69053,8148],{"class":103},[52,69055,766],{"class":66},[52,69057,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69059,142],{"class":141},[52,69061,145],{"class":66},[52,69063,11505],{"class":141},[52,69065,145],{"class":66},[52,69067,4001],{"class":124},[52,69069,2120],{"class":66},[20,69071,69072,69074],{},[15,69073,42504],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1335,69076,25819],{"id":25818},[20,69078,16770],{},[43,69080,69082],{"className":45,"code":69081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69083,69084,69104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69085,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69087,3971],{"class":58},[52,69089,63],{"class":62},[52,69091,755],{"class":66},[52,69093,2679],{"class":103},[52,69095,91],{"class":66},[52,69097,104],{"class":103},[52,69099,91],{"class":66},[52,69101,8148],{"class":103},[52,69103,766],{"class":66},[52,69105,69106,69108,69110,69112],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69107,142],{"class":141},[52,69109,145],{"class":66},[52,69111,11505],{"class":141},[52,69113,151],{"class":66},[20,69115,69116],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69118,16782],{},[43,69120,69121],{"className":45,"code":69033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69122,69123,69143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69124,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69126,3971],{"class":58},[52,69128,63],{"class":62},[52,69130,755],{"class":66},[52,69132,2679],{"class":103},[52,69134,91],{"class":66},[52,69136,104],{"class":103},[52,69138,91],{"class":66},[52,69140,8148],{"class":103},[52,69142,766],{"class":66},[52,69144,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69146,142],{"class":141},[52,69148,145],{"class":66},[52,69150,11505],{"class":141},[52,69152,145],{"class":66},[52,69154,4001],{"class":124},[52,69156,2120],{"class":66},[1335,69158,69160],{"id":69159},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69162,69163,69164,69166],{},"The length of a list is ",[33,69165,1332],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69168,309],{},[43,69170,69172],{"className":45,"code":69171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69173,69174,69206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69175,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69177,36229],{"class":58},[52,69179,63],{"class":62},[52,69181,755],{"class":66},[52,69183,71],{"class":70},[52,69185,257],{"class":74},[52,69187,71],{"class":70},[52,69189,91],{"class":66},[52,69191,83],{"class":70},[52,69193,345],{"class":74},[52,69195,71],{"class":70},[52,69197,91],{"class":66},[52,69199,83],{"class":70},[52,69201,10087],{"class":74},[52,69203,71],{"class":70},[52,69205,766],{"class":66},[52,69207,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69209,142],{"class":141},[52,69211,145],{"class":66},[52,69213,11505],{"class":141},[52,69215,145],{"class":66},[52,69217,36282],{"class":124},[52,69219,2120],{"class":66},[20,69221,173],{},[43,69223,69224],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69225,69226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69227,69228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69229,46762],{"class":103},[20,69231,69232,69233,19092,69235,121],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69234,2404],{},[15,69236,2410],{},[20,69238,69239],{},"Indexes are:",[234,69241,69242,69249,69255],{},[237,69243,69244,69246,69247],{},[15,69245,2467],{}," for ",[15,69248,18224],{},[237,69250,69251,69246,69253],{},[15,69252,3339],{},[15,69254,65746],{},[237,69256,69257,69246,69259],{},[15,69258,2404],{},[15,69260,66632],{},[20,69262,69263],{},"So this causes an error:",[43,69265,69267],{"className":45,"code":69266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69268,69269,69301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69272,36229],{"class":58},[52,69274,63],{"class":62},[52,69276,755],{"class":66},[52,69278,71],{"class":70},[52,69280,257],{"class":74},[52,69282,71],{"class":70},[52,69284,91],{"class":66},[52,69286,83],{"class":70},[52,69288,345],{"class":74},[52,69290,71],{"class":70},[52,69292,91],{"class":66},[52,69294,83],{"class":70},[52,69296,10087],{"class":74},[52,69298,71],{"class":70},[52,69300,766],{"class":66},[52,69302,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315,69317],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69304,142],{"class":141},[52,69306,145],{"class":66},[52,69308,36282],{"class":124},[52,69310,513],{"class":66},[52,69312,11505],{"class":141},[52,69314,145],{"class":66},[52,69316,36282],{"class":124},[52,69318,11024],{"class":66},[20,69320,8850,69321,1036,69324,69326,69327,69329],{},[15,69322,69323],{},"len(letters)",[15,69325,2410],{},", and index ",[15,69328,2410],{}," does not exist.",[20,69331,18969],{},[43,69333,69335],{"className":45,"code":69334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69336,69337,69369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69338,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69340,36229],{"class":58},[52,69342,63],{"class":62},[52,69344,755],{"class":66},[52,69346,71],{"class":70},[52,69348,257],{"class":74},[52,69350,71],{"class":70},[52,69352,91],{"class":66},[52,69354,83],{"class":70},[52,69356,345],{"class":74},[52,69358,71],{"class":70},[52,69360,91],{"class":66},[52,69362,83],{"class":70},[52,69364,10087],{"class":74},[52,69366,71],{"class":70},[52,69368,766],{"class":66},[52,69370,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69372,142],{"class":141},[52,69374,145],{"class":66},[52,69376,36282],{"class":124},[52,69378,513],{"class":66},[52,69380,11505],{"class":141},[52,69382,145],{"class":66},[52,69384,36282],{"class":124},[52,69386,4014],{"class":66},[52,69388,2569],{"class":62},[52,69390,1364],{"class":103},[52,69392,913],{"class":66},[20,69394,173],{},[43,69396,69398],{"className":45,"code":69397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"c\n",[15,69399,69400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69401,69402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69403,69397],{"class":58},[20,69405,69406,69407,121],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[257,69408,69410],{"href":69409},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1335,69412,1326,69414,69416],{"id":69413},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69415,42504],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69418,69419],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69421,69422],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[43,69424,69426],{"className":45,"code":69425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69427,69428,69438,69452,69466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69429,69430,69432,69434,69436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69431,142],{"class":141},[52,69433,145],{"class":66},[52,69435,8693],{"class":124},[52,69437,151],{"class":66},[52,69439,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69441,142],{"class":141},[52,69443,145],{"class":66},[52,69445,11505],{"class":141},[52,69447,145],{"class":66},[52,69449,8693],{"class":124},[52,69451,2120],{"class":66},[52,69453,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69455,142],{"class":141},[52,69457,145],{"class":66},[52,69459,3573],{"class":3251},[52,69461,145],{"class":66},[52,69463,8693],{"class":124},[52,69465,2120],{"class":66},[52,69467,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,69469,142],{"class":141},[52,69471,145],{"class":66},[52,69473,8693],{"class":124},[52,69475,513],{"class":66},[52,69477,2467],{"class":103},[52,69479,913],{"class":66},[20,69481,69482],{},"These help you verify:",[234,69484,69485,69488,69490,69493],{},[237,69486,69487],{},"what the variable contains",[237,69489,60934],{},[237,69491,69492],{},"whether it is really a list",[237,69494,69495],{},"what the first item is",[20,69497,69498,69499,69502],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69500,69501],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[38,69504,1063,69506,69508],{"id":69505},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69507,42504],{}," with lists",[20,69510,69511,69512,69514],{},"You will often use ",[15,69513,42504],{}," in real programs.",[20,69516,9722],{},[234,69518,69519,69521,69524,69527],{},[237,69520,51917],{},[237,69522,69523],{},"Control loops",[237,69525,69526],{},"Validate input or results",[237,69528,69529],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69531,69532],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[43,69534,69536],{"className":45,"code":69535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69537,69538,69558,69574,69578,69592,69606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69539,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69541,2905],{"class":58},[52,69543,63],{"class":62},[52,69545,755],{"class":66},[52,69547,3339],{"class":103},[52,69549,91],{"class":66},[52,69551,1378],{"class":103},[52,69553,91],{"class":66},[52,69555,2801],{"class":103},[52,69557,766],{"class":66},[52,69559,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69561,2933],{"class":58},[52,69563,63],{"class":62},[52,69565,755],{"class":66},[52,69567,2679],{"class":103},[52,69569,91],{"class":66},[52,69571,104],{"class":103},[52,69573,766],{"class":66},[52,69575,69576],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69577,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,69579,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,69581,142],{"class":141},[52,69583,145],{"class":66},[52,69585,11505],{"class":141},[52,69587,145],{"class":66},[52,69589,257],{"class":124},[52,69591,2120],{"class":66},[52,69593,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,69595,142],{"class":141},[52,69597,145],{"class":66},[52,69599,11505],{"class":141},[52,69601,145],{"class":66},[52,69603,345],{"class":124},[52,69605,2120],{"class":66},[52,69607,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,69609,142],{"class":141},[52,69611,145],{"class":66},[52,69613,11505],{"class":141},[52,69615,145],{"class":66},[52,69617,257],{"class":124},[52,69619,4014],{"class":66},[52,69621,38537],{"class":62},[52,69623,38527],{"class":141},[52,69625,145],{"class":66},[52,69627,345],{"class":124},[52,69629,2120],{"class":66},[20,69631,173],{},[43,69633,69635],{"className":45,"code":69634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69636,69637,69641,69645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69638,69639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69640,46762],{"class":103},[52,69642,69643],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69644,17183],{"class":103},[52,69646,69647],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69648,1025],{"class":218},[20,69650,69651],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[43,69653,69655],{"className":45,"code":69654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69656,69657,69689,69693,69715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69658,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69660,5347],{"class":58},[52,69662,63],{"class":62},[52,69664,755],{"class":66},[52,69666,71],{"class":70},[52,69668,86],{"class":74},[52,69670,71],{"class":70},[52,69672,91],{"class":66},[52,69674,83],{"class":70},[52,69676,36079],{"class":74},[52,69678,71],{"class":70},[52,69680,91],{"class":66},[52,69682,83],{"class":70},[52,69684,36088],{"class":74},[52,69686,71],{"class":70},[52,69688,766],{"class":66},[52,69690,69691],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69692,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,69694,69695,69697,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69696,6312],{"class":163},[52,69698,69699],{"class":58}," i ",[52,69701,4238],{"class":163},[52,69703,54218],{"class":141},[52,69705,145],{"class":66},[52,69707,11505],{"class":141},[52,69709,145],{"class":66},[52,69711,5391],{"class":124},[52,69713,69714],{"class":66},")):\n",[52,69716,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69728,69730,69732],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,69718,8423],{"class":141},[52,69720,145],{"class":66},[52,69722,36293],{"class":124},[52,69724,91],{"class":66},[52,69726,69727],{"class":124}," names",[52,69729,513],{"class":66},[52,69731,36293],{"class":124},[52,69733,913],{"class":66},[20,69735,173],{},[43,69737,69738],{"className":45,"code":36137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69739,69740,69746,69752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69741,69742,69744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69743,2467],{"class":103},[52,69745,36146],{"class":58},[52,69747,69748,69750],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69749,3339],{"class":103},[52,69751,36153],{"class":58},[52,69753,69754,69756],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69755,2404],{"class":103},[52,69757,36160],{"class":58},[20,69759,69760,69761,121],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[257,69762,69764],{"href":69763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69766,69767,69768,69770],{},"You can also read ",[257,69769,51694],{"href":51693}," for a task-focused guide.",[38,69772,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,69774,69776],{"id":69775},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69778,222,69779,69782],{},[15,69780,69781],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1335,69784,5495,69786,13040],{"id":69785},"what-does-len-return",[15,69787,69788],{},"len([])",[20,69790,5501,69791,69793],{},[15,69792,2467],{}," because the list is empty.",[1335,69795,69797],{"id":69796},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69799,69800],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1335,69802,28461,69804,69806],{"id":69803},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69805,68982],{}," in Python?",[20,69808,30404,69809,8576,69811,69813],{},[15,69810,68428],{},[15,69812,42504],{}," is a built-in function.",[38,69815,2240],{"id":2239},[234,69817,69818,69824,69828,69832,69836],{},[237,69819,69820],{},[257,69821,3928,69822,3861],{"href":42501},[15,69823,42504],{},[237,69825,69826],{},[257,69827,52738],{"href":51693},[237,69829,69830],{},[257,69831,52919],{"href":51126},[237,69833,69834],{},[257,69835,69410],{"href":69409},[237,69837,69838],{},[257,69839,69840],{"href":69763},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2278,69842,69843],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":69845},[69846,69847,69849,69850,69851,69852,69860,69862,69870],{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":68420,"depth":110,"text":69848},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":68689,"depth":110,"text":68690},{"id":68830,"depth":110,"text":68831},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":69853},[69854,69856,69857,69858],{"id":68979,"depth":131,"text":69855},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25818,"depth":131,"text":25819},{"id":69159,"depth":131,"text":69160},{"id":69413,"depth":131,"text":69859},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69505,"depth":110,"text":69861},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":69863},[69864,69865,69867,69868],{"id":69775,"depth":131,"text":69776},{"id":69785,"depth":131,"text":69866},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69796,"depth":131,"text":69797},{"id":69803,"depth":131,"text":69869},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68315,"description":69871},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69877,"title":69878,"body":69879,"description":71861,"extension":2310,"meta":71862,"navigation":134,"path":71863,"seo":71864,"stem":71865,"__hash__":71866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69880,"toc":71834},[69881,69884,69889,69892,69900,69913,69915,69980,69982,70004,70009,70013,70018,70026,70028,70038,70040,70121,70123,70153,70155,70174,70179,70196,70198,70282,70284,70314,70319,70323,70329,70413,70415,70445,70448,70452,70455,70546,70548,70586,70589,70674,70676,70706,70712,70719,70723,70728,70737,70739,70824,70826,70855,70858,70866,70870,70874,70883,70906,70908,70930,70932,70946,70948,71008,71012,71017,71056,71058,71075,71077,71087,71186,71191,71195,71200,71243,71245,71273,71275,71289,71364,71366,71388,71392,71395,71400,71411,71416,71424,71427,71498,71500,71525,71582,71584,71605,71614,71622,71627,71629,71634,71655,71658,71733,71736,71750,71757,71759,71763,71769,71773,71783,71787,71794,71798,71804,71806,71831],[10,69882,69878],{"id":69883},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69885,69886,69888],{},[15,69887,55230],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69890,69891],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[234,69893,69894,69897],{},[237,69895,69896],{},"delete an item from a list",[237,69898,69899],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69901,69902,69903,69905,69906,9059,69908,69912],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69904,13087],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69907,13087],{},[257,69909,69910],{"href":55220},[15,69911,55677],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[38,69914,41],{"id":40},[43,69916,69918],{"className":45,"code":69917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69919,69920,69940,69955,69959,69970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69921,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69923,3971],{"class":58},[52,69925,63],{"class":62},[52,69927,755],{"class":66},[52,69929,2679],{"class":103},[52,69931,91],{"class":66},[52,69933,104],{"class":103},[52,69935,91],{"class":66},[52,69937,8148],{"class":103},[52,69939,766],{"class":66},[52,69941,69942,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69943,69944],{"class":58},"last_item ",[52,69946,63],{"class":62},[52,69948,4617],{"class":58},[52,69950,121],{"class":66},[52,69952,26373],{"class":124},[52,69954,128],{"class":66},[52,69956,69957],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69958,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,69960,69961,69963,69965,69968],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,69962,142],{"class":141},[52,69964,145],{"class":66},[52,69966,69967],{"class":124},"last_item",[52,69969,151],{"class":66},[52,69971,69972,69974,69976,69978],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,69973,142],{"class":141},[52,69975,145],{"class":66},[52,69977,4001],{"class":124},[52,69979,151],{"class":66},[20,69981,173],{},[43,69983,69985],{"className":45,"code":69984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69986,69987,69992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69988,69989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69990,69991],{"class":103},"30\n",[52,69993,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,69995,513],{"class":66},[52,69997,2679],{"class":103},[52,69999,91],{"class":66},[52,70001,104],{"class":103},[52,70003,766],{"class":66},[20,70005,222,70006,70008],{},[15,70007,13087],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[38,70010,70012],{"id":70011},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70014,70015,70017],{},[15,70016,13087],{}," has two main jobs:",[234,70019,70020,70023],{},[237,70021,70022],{},"It removes one item from a list",[237,70024,70025],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70027,43794],{},[234,70029,70030,70033,70036],{},[237,70031,70032],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[237,70034,70035],{},"It changes the original list",[237,70037,52893],{},[20,70039,309],{},[43,70041,70043],{"className":45,"code":70042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70044,70045,70077,70081,70096,70100,70111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70046,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70048,319],{"class":58},[52,70050,63],{"class":62},[52,70052,755],{"class":66},[52,70054,71],{"class":70},[52,70056,336],{"class":74},[52,70058,71],{"class":70},[52,70060,91],{"class":66},[52,70062,83],{"class":70},[52,70064,17583],{"class":74},[52,70066,71],{"class":70},[52,70068,91],{"class":66},[52,70070,83],{"class":70},[52,70072,354],{"class":74},[52,70074,71],{"class":70},[52,70076,766],{"class":66},[52,70078,70079],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70080,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70082,70083,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70084,70085],{"class":58},"removed ",[52,70087,63],{"class":62},[52,70089,368],{"class":58},[52,70091,121],{"class":66},[52,70093,26373],{"class":124},[52,70095,128],{"class":66},[52,70097,70098],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70099,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70101,70102,70104,70106,70109],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70103,142],{"class":141},[52,70105,145],{"class":66},[52,70107,70108],{"class":124},"removed",[52,70110,151],{"class":66},[52,70112,70113,70115,70117,70119],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70114,142],{"class":141},[52,70116,145],{"class":66},[52,70118,17630],{"class":124},[52,70120,151],{"class":66},[20,70122,173],{},[43,70124,70126],{"className":45,"code":70125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70127,70128,70133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70129,70130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70131,70132],{"class":58},"blue\n",[52,70134,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70136,513],{"class":66},[52,70138,186],{"class":70},[52,70140,336],{"class":74},[52,70142,186],{"class":70},[52,70144,91],{"class":66},[52,70146,195],{"class":70},[52,70148,17583],{"class":74},[52,70150,186],{"class":70},[52,70152,766],{"class":66},[38,70154,269],{"id":268},[43,70156,70158],{"className":45,"code":70157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70159,70160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70161,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170,70172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70163,8448],{"class":3251},[52,70165,121],{"class":66},[52,70167,26373],{"class":124},[52,70169,3336],{"class":66},[52,70171,35984],{"class":124},[52,70173,913],{"class":66},[20,70175,2327,70176,70178],{},[15,70177,35984],{}," is optional.",[234,70180,70181,70187,70193],{},[237,70182,70183,70184,70186],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70185,13087],{}," removes the last item",[237,70188,70189,70190,70192],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70191,13087],{}," removes the item at that position",[237,70194,70195],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70197,309],{},[43,70199,70201],{"className":45,"code":70200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70202,70203,70235,70239,70258,70262,70272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70204,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70206,36229],{"class":58},[52,70208,63],{"class":62},[52,70210,755],{"class":66},[52,70212,71],{"class":70},[52,70214,257],{"class":74},[52,70216,71],{"class":70},[52,70218,91],{"class":66},[52,70220,83],{"class":70},[52,70222,345],{"class":74},[52,70224,71],{"class":70},[52,70226,91],{"class":66},[52,70228,83],{"class":70},[52,70230,10087],{"class":74},[52,70232,71],{"class":70},[52,70234,766],{"class":66},[52,70236,70237],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70238,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70240,70241,70243,70245,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70242,28671],{"class":58},[52,70244,63],{"class":62},[52,70246,70247],{"class":58}," letters",[52,70249,121],{"class":66},[52,70251,26373],{"class":124},[52,70253,145],{"class":66},[52,70255,3339],{"class":103},[52,70257,151],{"class":66},[52,70259,70260],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70261,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70263,70264,70266,70268,70270],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70265,142],{"class":141},[52,70267,145],{"class":66},[52,70269,23441],{"class":124},[52,70271,151],{"class":66},[52,70273,70274,70276,70278,70280],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70275,142],{"class":141},[52,70277,145],{"class":66},[52,70279,36282],{"class":124},[52,70281,151],{"class":66},[20,70283,173],{},[43,70285,70287],{"className":45,"code":70286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70288,70289,70294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70290,70291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70292,70293],{"class":58},"b\n",[52,70295,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70297,513],{"class":66},[52,70299,186],{"class":70},[52,70301,257],{"class":74},[52,70303,186],{"class":70},[52,70305,91],{"class":66},[52,70307,195],{"class":70},[52,70309,10087],{"class":74},[52,70311,186],{"class":70},[52,70313,766],{"class":66},[20,70315,70316,70317,121],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[257,70318,52919],{"href":51126},[38,70320,70322],{"id":70321},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70324,70325,70326,70328],{},"When you call ",[15,70327,13087],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[43,70330,70332],{"className":45,"code":70331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70333,70334,70369,70373,70388,70392,70403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70335,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70347,70349,70351,70353,70356,70358,70360,70362,70365,70367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70337,30031],{"class":58},[52,70339,63],{"class":62},[52,70341,755],{"class":66},[52,70343,71],{"class":70},[52,70345,70346],{"class":74},"write",[52,70348,71],{"class":70},[52,70350,91],{"class":66},[52,70352,83],{"class":70},[52,70354,70355],{"class":74},"test",[52,70357,71],{"class":70},[52,70359,91],{"class":66},[52,70361,83],{"class":70},[52,70363,70364],{"class":74},"submit",[52,70366,71],{"class":70},[52,70368,766],{"class":66},[52,70370,70371],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70374,70375,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70376,70377],{"class":58},"last_task ",[52,70379,63],{"class":62},[52,70381,30109],{"class":58},[52,70383,121],{"class":66},[52,70385,26373],{"class":124},[52,70387,128],{"class":66},[52,70389,70390],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70391,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70393,70394,70396,70398,70401],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70395,142],{"class":141},[52,70397,145],{"class":66},[52,70399,70400],{"class":124},"last_task",[52,70402,151],{"class":66},[52,70404,70405,70407,70409,70411],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70406,142],{"class":141},[52,70408,145],{"class":66},[52,70410,36645],{"class":124},[52,70412,151],{"class":66},[20,70414,173],{},[43,70416,70418],{"className":45,"code":70417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70419,70420,70425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70421,70422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70423,70424],{"class":58},"submit\n",[52,70426,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70428,513],{"class":66},[52,70430,186],{"class":70},[52,70432,70346],{"class":74},[52,70434,186],{"class":70},[52,70436,91],{"class":66},[52,70438,195],{"class":70},[52,70440,70355],{"class":74},[52,70442,186],{"class":70},[52,70444,766],{"class":66},[20,70446,70447],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[38,70449,70451],{"id":70450},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70453,70454],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[43,70456,70458],{"className":45,"code":70457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70459,70460,70500,70504,70522,70526,70536],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70461,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70463,36378],{"class":58},[52,70465,63],{"class":62},[52,70467,755],{"class":66},[52,70469,71],{"class":70},[52,70471,4432],{"class":74},[52,70473,71],{"class":70},[52,70475,91],{"class":66},[52,70477,83],{"class":70},[52,70479,4441],{"class":74},[52,70481,71],{"class":70},[52,70483,91],{"class":66},[52,70485,83],{"class":70},[52,70487,4450],{"class":74},[52,70489,71],{"class":70},[52,70491,91],{"class":66},[52,70493,83],{"class":70},[52,70495,33356],{"class":74},[52,70497,71],{"class":70},[52,70499,766],{"class":66},[52,70501,70502],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70503,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70505,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70507,70085],{"class":58},[52,70509,63],{"class":62},[52,70511,52999],{"class":58},[52,70513,121],{"class":66},[52,70515,26373],{"class":124},[52,70517,145],{"class":66},[52,70519,3339],{"class":103},[52,70521,151],{"class":66},[52,70523,70524],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70525,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70527,70528,70530,70532,70534],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70529,142],{"class":141},[52,70531,145],{"class":66},[52,70533,70108],{"class":124},[52,70535,151],{"class":66},[52,70537,70538,70540,70542,70544],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70539,142],{"class":141},[52,70541,145],{"class":66},[52,70543,36430],{"class":124},[52,70545,151],{"class":66},[20,70547,173],{},[43,70549,70551],{"className":45,"code":70550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70552,70553,70558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70554,70555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70556,70557],{"class":58},"banana\n",[52,70559,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70561,513],{"class":66},[52,70563,186],{"class":70},[52,70565,4432],{"class":74},[52,70567,186],{"class":70},[52,70569,91],{"class":66},[52,70571,195],{"class":70},[52,70573,4450],{"class":74},[52,70575,186],{"class":70},[52,70577,91],{"class":66},[52,70579,195],{"class":70},[52,70581,33356],{"class":74},[52,70583,186],{"class":70},[52,70585,766],{"class":66},[20,70587,70588],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[43,70590,70592],{"className":45,"code":70591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70593,70594,70626,70630,70650,70654,70664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70595,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70597,36378],{"class":58},[52,70599,63],{"class":62},[52,70601,755],{"class":66},[52,70603,71],{"class":70},[52,70605,4432],{"class":74},[52,70607,71],{"class":70},[52,70609,91],{"class":66},[52,70611,83],{"class":70},[52,70613,4441],{"class":74},[52,70615,71],{"class":70},[52,70617,91],{"class":66},[52,70619,83],{"class":70},[52,70621,4450],{"class":74},[52,70623,71],{"class":70},[52,70625,766],{"class":66},[52,70627,70628],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70629,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70631,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70633,70085],{"class":58},[52,70635,63],{"class":62},[52,70637,52999],{"class":58},[52,70639,121],{"class":66},[52,70641,26373],{"class":124},[52,70643,145],{"class":66},[52,70645,2369],{"class":62},[52,70647,3339],{"class":103},[52,70649,151],{"class":66},[52,70651,70652],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70653,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70655,70656,70658,70660,70662],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70657,142],{"class":141},[52,70659,145],{"class":66},[52,70661,70108],{"class":124},[52,70663,151],{"class":66},[52,70665,70666,70668,70670,70672],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70667,142],{"class":141},[52,70669,145],{"class":66},[52,70671,36430],{"class":124},[52,70673,151],{"class":66},[20,70675,173],{},[43,70677,70679],{"className":45,"code":70678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70680,70681,70686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70682,70683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70684,70685],{"class":58},"cherry\n",[52,70687,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70689,513],{"class":66},[52,70691,186],{"class":70},[52,70693,4432],{"class":74},[52,70695,186],{"class":70},[52,70697,91],{"class":66},[52,70699,195],{"class":70},[52,70701,4441],{"class":74},[52,70703,186],{"class":70},[52,70705,766],{"class":66},[20,70707,70708,70709,70711],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70710,66005],{}," means the last item.",[20,70713,70714,70715,121],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[257,70716,70717,2264],{"href":59114},[15,70718,65016],{},[38,70720,70722],{"id":70721},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70724,70725,70727],{},[15,70726,13087],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70729,70730,70731,2218,70733,121],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70732,13087],{},[257,70734,70735],{"href":55220},[15,70736,55677],{},[20,70738,309],{},[43,70740,70742],{"className":45,"code":70741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70743,70744,70776,70780,70799,70803,70814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70745,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70747,5347],{"class":58},[52,70749,63],{"class":62},[52,70751,755],{"class":66},[52,70753,71],{"class":70},[52,70755,86],{"class":74},[52,70757,71],{"class":70},[52,70759,91],{"class":66},[52,70761,83],{"class":70},[52,70763,36079],{"class":74},[52,70765,71],{"class":70},[52,70767,91],{"class":66},[52,70769,83],{"class":70},[52,70771,36088],{"class":74},[52,70773,71],{"class":70},[52,70775,766],{"class":66},[52,70777,70778],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70779,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70781,70782,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70783,70784],{"class":58},"removed_name ",[52,70786,63],{"class":62},[52,70788,69727],{"class":58},[52,70790,121],{"class":66},[52,70792,26373],{"class":124},[52,70794,145],{"class":66},[52,70796,2467],{"class":103},[52,70798,151],{"class":66},[52,70800,70801],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70802,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70804,70805,70807,70809,70812],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70806,142],{"class":141},[52,70808,145],{"class":66},[52,70810,70811],{"class":124},"removed_name",[52,70813,151],{"class":66},[52,70815,70816,70818,70820,70822],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70817,142],{"class":141},[52,70819,145],{"class":66},[52,70821,5391],{"class":124},[52,70823,151],{"class":66},[20,70825,173],{},[43,70827,70829],{"className":45,"code":70828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70830,70831,70835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70832,70833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70834,50186],{"class":58},[52,70836,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70838,513],{"class":66},[52,70840,186],{"class":70},[52,70842,36079],{"class":74},[52,70844,186],{"class":70},[52,70846,91],{"class":66},[52,70848,195],{"class":70},[52,70850,36088],{"class":74},[52,70852,186],{"class":70},[52,70854,766],{"class":66},[20,70856,70857],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70859,70860,70861,70863,70864,121],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70862,55677],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70865,4133],{},[38,70867,70869],{"id":70868},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1335,70871,70873],{"id":70872},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70875,70876,70877,70879,70880,121],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70878,13087],{}," raises an ",[15,70881,70882],{},"IndexError",[43,70884,70886],{"className":45,"code":70885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70887,70888,70896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70889,70890,70892,70894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70891,8133],{"class":58},[52,70893,63],{"class":62},[52,70895,8192],{"class":66},[52,70897,70898,70900,70902,70904],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70899,8163],{"class":58},[52,70901,121],{"class":66},[52,70903,26373],{"class":124},[52,70905,128],{"class":66},[20,70907,173],{},[43,70909,70911],{"className":45,"code":70910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70912,70913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70914,70915,70917,70919,70922,70925,70928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70916,70882],{"class":3251},[52,70918,80],{"class":66},[52,70920,70921],{"class":58}," pop ",[52,70923,70924],{"class":163},"from",[52,70926,70927],{"class":58}," empty ",[52,70929,50032],{"class":3251},[20,70931,39403],{},[234,70933,70934,70939],{},[237,70935,70936,70937],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70938,13087],{},[237,70940,70941,70942,2218,70944],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70943,29937],{},[15,70945,29968],{},[20,70947,309],{},[43,70949,70951],{"className":45,"code":70950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70952,70953,70961,70965,70973,70987,70993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70954,70955,70957,70959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70956,8133],{"class":58},[52,70958,63],{"class":62},[52,70960,8192],{"class":66},[52,70962,70963],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,70964,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,70966,70967,70969,70971],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70968,7350],{"class":163},[52,70970,6320],{"class":58},[52,70972,6748],{"class":66},[52,70974,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70976,8423],{"class":141},[52,70978,145],{"class":66},[52,70980,8163],{"class":124},[52,70982,121],{"class":66},[52,70984,26373],{"class":124},[52,70986,7547],{"class":66},[52,70988,70989,70991],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,70990,27566],{"class":163},[52,70992,6748],{"class":66},[52,70994,70995,70997,70999,71001,71004,71006],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,70996,8423],{"class":141},[52,70998,145],{"class":66},[52,71000,71],{"class":70},[52,71002,71003],{"class":74},"The list is empty.",[52,71005,71],{"class":70},[52,71007,151],{"class":66},[1335,71009,71011],{"id":71010},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71013,71014,71015,121],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71016,70882],{},[43,71018,71020],{"className":45,"code":71019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71021,71022,71042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71023,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71025,3971],{"class":58},[52,71027,63],{"class":62},[52,71029,755],{"class":66},[52,71031,2679],{"class":103},[52,71033,91],{"class":66},[52,71035,104],{"class":103},[52,71037,91],{"class":66},[52,71039,8148],{"class":103},[52,71041,766],{"class":66},[52,71043,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71045,4001],{"class":58},[52,71047,121],{"class":66},[52,71049,26373],{"class":124},[52,71051,145],{"class":66},[52,71053,2484],{"class":103},[52,71055,151],{"class":66},[20,71057,173],{},[43,71059,71061],{"className":45,"code":71060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71062,71063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71064,71065,71067,71069,71072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71066,70882],{"class":3251},[52,71068,80],{"class":66},[52,71070,71071],{"class":58}," pop index out of ",[52,71073,71074],{"class":141},"range\n",[20,71076,39403],{},[234,71078,71079,71084],{},[237,71080,71081,71082],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71083,42504],{},[237,71085,71086],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[43,71088,71090],{"className":45,"code":71089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71091,71092,71112,71121,71125,71147,71165,71171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71093,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71095,3971],{"class":58},[52,71097,63],{"class":62},[52,71099,755],{"class":66},[52,71101,2679],{"class":103},[52,71103,91],{"class":66},[52,71105,104],{"class":103},[52,71107,91],{"class":66},[52,71109,8148],{"class":103},[52,71111,766],{"class":66},[52,71113,71114,71117,71119],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71115,71116],{"class":58},"index ",[52,71118,63],{"class":62},[52,71120,45734],{"class":103},[52,71122,71123],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71124,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,71126,71127,71129,71131,71134,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71128,7350],{"class":163},[52,71130,4189],{"class":103},[52,71132,71133],{"class":62}," \u003C=",[52,71135,71136],{"class":58}," index ",[52,71138,3642],{"class":62},[52,71140,38527],{"class":141},[52,71142,145],{"class":66},[52,71144,4001],{"class":124},[52,71146,8696],{"class":66},[52,71148,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,71150,8423],{"class":141},[52,71152,145],{"class":66},[52,71154,4001],{"class":124},[52,71156,121],{"class":66},[52,71158,26373],{"class":124},[52,71160,145],{"class":66},[52,71162,35984],{"class":124},[52,71164,2120],{"class":66},[52,71166,71167,71169],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,71168,27566],{"class":163},[52,71170,6748],{"class":66},[52,71172,71173,71175,71177,71179,71182,71184],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,71174,8423],{"class":141},[52,71176,145],{"class":66},[52,71178,71],{"class":70},[52,71180,71181],{"class":74},"Index is out of range.",[52,71183,71],{"class":70},[52,71185,151],{"class":66},[20,71187,71188,71189,121],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[257,71190,69410],{"href":69409},[1335,71192,71194],{"id":71193},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71196,71197,71199],{},[15,71198,13087],{}," expects an integer index.",[43,71201,71203],{"className":45,"code":71202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71204,71205,71225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71206,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71208,3971],{"class":58},[52,71210,63],{"class":62},[52,71212,755],{"class":66},[52,71214,2679],{"class":103},[52,71216,91],{"class":66},[52,71218,104],{"class":103},[52,71220,91],{"class":66},[52,71222,8148],{"class":103},[52,71224,766],{"class":66},[52,71226,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71228,4001],{"class":58},[52,71230,121],{"class":66},[52,71232,26373],{"class":124},[52,71234,145],{"class":66},[52,71236,71],{"class":70},[52,71238,3339],{"class":74},[52,71240,71],{"class":70},[52,71242,151],{"class":66},[20,71244,173],{},[43,71246,71248],{"className":45,"code":71247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71249,71250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71251,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260,71262,71264,71267,71270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71253,3355],{"class":3251},[52,71255,80],{"class":66},[52,71257,195],{"class":70},[52,71259,3795],{"class":74},[52,71261,186],{"class":70},[52,71263,24748],{"class":3251},[52,71265,71266],{"class":58}," cannot be interpreted ",[52,71268,71269],{"class":163},"as",[52,71271,71272],{"class":58}," an integer\n",[20,71274,39403],{},[234,71276,71277,71286],{},[237,71278,71279,71280,2536,71282,2540,71284],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71281,2467],{},[15,71283,3339],{},[15,71285,66005],{},[237,71287,71288],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[43,71290,71292],{"className":45,"code":71291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71293,71294,71314,71332,71336,71354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71295,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71297,3971],{"class":58},[52,71299,63],{"class":62},[52,71301,755],{"class":66},[52,71303,2679],{"class":103},[52,71305,91],{"class":66},[52,71307,104],{"class":103},[52,71309,91],{"class":66},[52,71311,8148],{"class":103},[52,71313,766],{"class":66},[52,71315,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71317,71116],{"class":58},[52,71319,63],{"class":62},[52,71321,45421],{"class":3251},[52,71323,145],{"class":66},[52,71325,71],{"class":70},[52,71327,3339],{"class":74},[52,71329,71],{"class":70},[52,71331,151],{"class":66},[52,71333,71334],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71335,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,71337,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71339,142],{"class":141},[52,71341,145],{"class":66},[52,71343,4001],{"class":124},[52,71345,121],{"class":66},[52,71347,26373],{"class":124},[52,71349,145],{"class":66},[52,71351,35984],{"class":124},[52,71353,2120],{"class":66},[52,71355,71356,71358,71360,71362],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,71357,142],{"class":141},[52,71359,145],{"class":66},[52,71361,4001],{"class":124},[52,71363,151],{"class":66},[20,71365,173],{},[43,71367,71369],{"className":45,"code":71368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71370,71371,71376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71372,71373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71374,71375],{"class":103},"20\n",[52,71377,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71379,513],{"class":66},[52,71381,2679],{"class":103},[52,71383,91],{"class":66},[52,71385,8148],{"class":103},[52,71387,766],{"class":66},[38,71389,71391],{"id":71390},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71393,71394],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1335,71396,222,71398,1070],{"id":71397},"use-pop-when",[15,71399,13087],{},[234,71401,71402,71405,71408],{},[237,71403,71404],{},"you want to remove by index",[237,71406,71407],{},"you want the removed item returned",[237,71409,71410],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1335,71412,222,71414,1070],{"id":71413},"use-remove-when",[15,71415,55677],{},[234,71417,71418,71421],{},[237,71419,71420],{},"you want to remove by value",[237,71422,71423],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71425,71426],{},"Compare these examples:",[43,71428,71430],{"className":45,"code":71429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71431,71432,71456,71460,71478,71488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71433,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71435,3971],{"class":58},[52,71437,63],{"class":62},[52,71439,755],{"class":66},[52,71441,2679],{"class":103},[52,71443,91],{"class":66},[52,71445,104],{"class":103},[52,71447,91],{"class":66},[52,71449,8148],{"class":103},[52,71451,91],{"class":66},[52,71453,104],{"class":103},[52,71455,766],{"class":66},[52,71457,71458],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,71461,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71463,70085],{"class":58},[52,71465,63],{"class":62},[52,71467,4617],{"class":58},[52,71469,121],{"class":66},[52,71471,26373],{"class":124},[52,71473,145],{"class":66},[52,71475,3339],{"class":103},[52,71477,151],{"class":66},[52,71479,71480,71482,71484,71486],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71481,142],{"class":141},[52,71483,145],{"class":66},[52,71485,70108],{"class":124},[52,71487,151],{"class":66},[52,71489,71490,71492,71494,71496],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,71491,142],{"class":141},[52,71493,145],{"class":66},[52,71495,4001],{"class":124},[52,71497,151],{"class":66},[20,71499,173],{},[43,71501,71503],{"className":45,"code":71502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71504,71505,71509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71506,71507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71508,71375],{"class":103},[52,71510,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71512,513],{"class":66},[52,71514,2679],{"class":103},[52,71516,91],{"class":66},[52,71518,8148],{"class":103},[52,71520,91],{"class":66},[52,71522,104],{"class":103},[52,71524,766],{"class":66},[43,71526,71528],{"className":45,"code":71527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71529,71530,71554,71558,71572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71531,71532,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71533,3971],{"class":58},[52,71535,63],{"class":62},[52,71537,755],{"class":66},[52,71539,2679],{"class":103},[52,71541,91],{"class":66},[52,71543,104],{"class":103},[52,71545,91],{"class":66},[52,71547,8148],{"class":103},[52,71549,91],{"class":66},[52,71551,104],{"class":103},[52,71553,766],{"class":66},[52,71555,71556],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71557,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,71559,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71561,4001],{"class":58},[52,71563,121],{"class":66},[52,71565,34931],{"class":124},[52,71567,145],{"class":66},[52,71569,15880],{"class":103},[52,71571,151],{"class":66},[52,71573,71574,71576,71578,71580],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71575,142],{"class":141},[52,71577,145],{"class":66},[52,71579,4001],{"class":124},[52,71581,151],{"class":66},[20,71583,173],{},[43,71585,71587],{"className":45,"code":71586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71588,71589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71590,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71592,513],{"class":66},[52,71594,2679],{"class":103},[52,71596,91],{"class":66},[52,71598,8148],{"class":103},[52,71600,91],{"class":66},[52,71602,104],{"class":103},[52,71604,766],{"class":66},[20,71606,71607,71608,71611,71612,121],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71609,71610],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71613,3339],{},[20,71615,56753,71616,71619,71620,121],{},[15,71617,71618],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71621,15880],{},[20,71623,71624,71625,121],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[257,71626,55216],{"href":55215},[38,71628,2022],{"id":2021},[20,71630,71631,71632,80],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71633,13087],{},[234,71635,71636,71639,71642,71648,71652],{},[237,71637,71638],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[237,71640,71641],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[237,71643,37344,71644,9059,71646],{},[15,71645,13087],{},[15,71647,55677],{},[237,71649,8807,71650,62122],{},[15,71651,13087],{},[237,71653,71654],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71656,71657],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[43,71659,71661],{"className":45,"code":71660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71662,71663,71673,71687,71701,71719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71664,71665,71667,71669,71671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71666,142],{"class":141},[52,71668,145],{"class":66},[52,71670,8693],{"class":124},[52,71672,151],{"class":66},[52,71674,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71676,142],{"class":141},[52,71678,145],{"class":66},[52,71680,11505],{"class":141},[52,71682,145],{"class":66},[52,71684,8693],{"class":124},[52,71686,2120],{"class":66},[52,71688,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71690,142],{"class":141},[52,71692,145],{"class":66},[52,71694,8693],{"class":124},[52,71696,121],{"class":66},[52,71698,26373],{"class":124},[52,71700,7547],{"class":66},[52,71702,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71704,142],{"class":141},[52,71706,145],{"class":66},[52,71708,8693],{"class":124},[52,71710,121],{"class":66},[52,71712,26373],{"class":124},[52,71714,145],{"class":66},[52,71716,2467],{"class":103},[52,71718,2120],{"class":66},[52,71720,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,71722,142],{"class":141},[52,71724,145],{"class":66},[52,71726,3573],{"class":3251},[52,71728,145],{"class":66},[52,71730,35984],{"class":124},[52,71732,2120],{"class":66},[20,71734,71735],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[234,71737,71738,71744],{},[237,71739,71740,71743],{},[15,71741,71742],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[237,71745,71746,71749],{},[15,71747,71748],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71751,71752,71753,71756],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71754,71755],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[38,71758,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,71760,71762],{"id":71761},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71764,71765,71766,71768],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71767,13087],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1335,71770,71772],{"id":71771},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71774,71775,71777,71778,71780,71781,121],{},[15,71776,13087],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71779,55677],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71782,4133],{},[1335,71784,71786],{"id":71785},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71788,71789,71790,71793],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71791,71792],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1335,71795,71797],{"id":71796},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71799,71800,71801,71803],{},"Python raises ",[15,71802,70882],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[38,71805,2240],{"id":2239},[234,71807,71808,71812,71817,71822,71827],{},[237,71809,71810],{},[257,71811,55663],{"href":55215},[237,71813,71814],{},[257,71815,71816],{"href":55220},"Python list remove() method",[237,71818,71819],{},[257,71820,71821],{"href":59114},"Python list index() method",[237,71823,71824],{},[257,71825,71826],{"href":51126},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[237,71828,71829],{},[257,71830,69410],{"href":69409},[2278,71832,71833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":71835},[71836,71837,71838,71839,71840,71841,71842,71847,71853,71854,71860],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":70011,"depth":110,"text":70012},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":70321,"depth":110,"text":70322},{"id":70450,"depth":110,"text":70451},{"id":70721,"depth":110,"text":70722},{"id":70868,"depth":110,"text":70869,"children":71843},[71844,71845,71846],{"id":70872,"depth":131,"text":70873},{"id":71010,"depth":131,"text":71011},{"id":71193,"depth":131,"text":71194},{"id":71390,"depth":110,"text":71391,"children":71848},[71849,71851],{"id":71397,"depth":131,"text":71850},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71413,"depth":131,"text":71852},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":71855},[71856,71857,71858,71859],{"id":71761,"depth":131,"text":71762},{"id":71771,"depth":131,"text":71772},{"id":71785,"depth":131,"text":71786},{"id":71796,"depth":131,"text":71797},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69878,"description":71861},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71868,"title":71869,"body":71870,"description":73656,"extension":2310,"meta":73657,"navigation":134,"path":73658,"seo":73659,"stem":73660,"__hash__":73661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71871,"toc":73638},[71872,71875,71880,71886,71888,71958,71964,71968,71973,71994,71997,72064,72066,72087,72095,72097,72116,72132,72134,72199,72201,72226,72228,72230,72295,72297,72322,72324,72338,72341,72394,72396,72417,72421,72429,72502,72504,72537,72543,72549,72640,72642,72667,72673,72762,72764,72788,72790,72794,72849,72851,72883,72886,72889,72983,72985,73018,73024,73030,73034,73041,73067,73071,73136,73138,73163,73167,73248,73250,73279,73284,73289,73295,73299,73306,73328,73332,73391,73393,73417,73426,73431,73433,73437,73466,73468,73543,73546,73560,73566,73568,73572,73575,73579,73584,73588,73597,73601,73609,73611,73635],[10,71873,71869],{"id":71874},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71876,2327,71877,71879],{},[15,71878,55223],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71881,71882,71883,71885],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[33,71884,2823],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[38,71887,41],{"id":40},[43,71889,71891],{"className":45,"code":71890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71892,71893,71925,71943,71953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71894,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71896,8133],{"class":58},[52,71898,63],{"class":62},[52,71900,755],{"class":66},[52,71902,71],{"class":70},[52,71904,4432],{"class":74},[52,71906,71],{"class":70},[52,71908,91],{"class":66},[52,71910,83],{"class":70},[52,71912,4441],{"class":74},[52,71914,71],{"class":70},[52,71916,91],{"class":66},[52,71918,83],{"class":70},[52,71920,33356],{"class":74},[52,71922,71],{"class":70},[52,71924,766],{"class":66},[52,71926,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,71928,8163],{"class":58},[52,71930,121],{"class":66},[52,71932,34931],{"class":124},[52,71934,145],{"class":66},[52,71936,71],{"class":70},[52,71938,4441],{"class":74},[52,71940,71],{"class":70},[52,71942,151],{"class":66},[52,71944,71945,71947,71949,71951],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71946,142],{"class":141},[52,71948,145],{"class":66},[52,71950,8163],{"class":124},[52,71952,151],{"class":66},[52,71954,71955],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71956,71957],{"class":4017},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71959,222,71960,71963],{},[15,71961,71962],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[38,71965,71967],{"id":71966},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71969,71970,71972],{},[15,71971,55677],{}," is a list method that:",[234,71974,71975,71981,71986,71991],{},[237,71976,71977,71978,71980],{},"Deletes the ",[33,71979,30042],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[237,71982,71983,71984],{},"Changes the original list ",[33,71985,11673],{},[237,71987,2195,71988,71990],{},[33,71989,1332],{}," return a new list",[237,71992,71993],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71995,71996],{},"This is important for beginners:",[43,71998,72000],{"className":45,"code":71999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72001,72002,72022,72040,72044,72054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72003,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72005,3971],{"class":58},[52,72007,63],{"class":62},[52,72009,755],{"class":66},[52,72011,3339],{"class":103},[52,72013,91],{"class":66},[52,72015,1378],{"class":103},[52,72017,91],{"class":66},[52,72019,2801],{"class":103},[52,72021,766],{"class":66},[52,72023,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72025,2577],{"class":58},[52,72027,63],{"class":62},[52,72029,4617],{"class":58},[52,72031,121],{"class":66},[52,72033,34931],{"class":124},[52,72035,145],{"class":66},[52,72037,2404],{"class":103},[52,72039,151],{"class":66},[52,72041,72042],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72043,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,72045,72046,72048,72050,72052],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,72047,142],{"class":141},[52,72049,145],{"class":66},[52,72051,4001],{"class":124},[52,72053,151],{"class":66},[52,72055,72056,72058,72060,72062],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,72057,142],{"class":141},[52,72059,145],{"class":66},[52,72061,2612],{"class":124},[52,72063,151],{"class":66},[20,72065,173],{},[43,72067,72069],{"className":45,"code":72068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72070,72071,72083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72072,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72074,513],{"class":66},[52,72076,3339],{"class":103},[52,72078,91],{"class":66},[52,72080,2801],{"class":103},[52,72082,766],{"class":66},[52,72084,72085],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72086,12141],{"class":218},[20,72088,72089,72090,72092,72093,121],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72091,55677],{}," itself returned ",[15,72094,4133],{},[38,72096,5785],{"id":5784},[43,72098,72100],{"className":45,"code":72099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72101,72102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72103,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72105,8448],{"class":3251},[52,72107,121],{"class":66},[52,72109,34931],{"class":124},[52,72111,145],{"class":66},[52,72113,2823],{"class":124},[52,72115,151],{"class":66},[234,72117,72118,72123,72126],{},[237,72119,72120,72122],{},[15,72121,2823],{}," is the item you want to delete",[237,72124,72125],{},"Python searches from left to right",[237,72127,72128,72129,72131],{},"Only the ",[33,72130,30042],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72133,309],{},[43,72135,72137],{"className":45,"code":72136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72138,72139,72171,72189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72140,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72142,36229],{"class":58},[52,72144,63],{"class":62},[52,72146,755],{"class":66},[52,72148,71],{"class":70},[52,72150,257],{"class":74},[52,72152,71],{"class":70},[52,72154,91],{"class":66},[52,72156,83],{"class":70},[52,72158,345],{"class":74},[52,72160,71],{"class":70},[52,72162,91],{"class":66},[52,72164,83],{"class":70},[52,72166,10087],{"class":74},[52,72168,71],{"class":70},[52,72170,766],{"class":66},[52,72172,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72174,36282],{"class":58},[52,72176,121],{"class":66},[52,72178,34931],{"class":124},[52,72180,145],{"class":66},[52,72182,71],{"class":70},[52,72184,345],{"class":74},[52,72186,71],{"class":70},[52,72188,151],{"class":66},[52,72190,72191,72193,72195,72197],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72192,142],{"class":141},[52,72194,145],{"class":66},[52,72196,36282],{"class":124},[52,72198,151],{"class":66},[20,72200,173],{},[43,72202,72204],{"className":45,"code":72203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72205,72206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72207,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72209,513],{"class":66},[52,72211,186],{"class":70},[52,72213,257],{"class":74},[52,72215,186],{"class":70},[52,72217,91],{"class":66},[52,72219,195],{"class":70},[52,72221,10087],{"class":74},[52,72223,186],{"class":70},[52,72225,766],{"class":66},[38,72227,6141],{"id":6140},[20,72229,65325],{},[43,72231,72233],{"className":45,"code":72232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72234,72235,72267,72285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72236,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72238,319],{"class":58},[52,72240,63],{"class":62},[52,72242,755],{"class":66},[52,72244,71],{"class":70},[52,72246,336],{"class":74},[52,72248,71],{"class":70},[52,72250,91],{"class":66},[52,72252,83],{"class":70},[52,72254,354],{"class":74},[52,72256,71],{"class":70},[52,72258,91],{"class":66},[52,72260,83],{"class":70},[52,72262,17583],{"class":74},[52,72264,71],{"class":70},[52,72266,766],{"class":66},[52,72268,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72270,17630],{"class":58},[52,72272,121],{"class":66},[52,72274,34931],{"class":124},[52,72276,145],{"class":66},[52,72278,71],{"class":70},[52,72280,354],{"class":74},[52,72282,71],{"class":70},[52,72284,151],{"class":66},[52,72286,72287,72289,72291,72293],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72288,142],{"class":141},[52,72290,145],{"class":66},[52,72292,17630],{"class":124},[52,72294,151],{"class":66},[20,72296,173],{},[43,72298,72300],{"className":45,"code":72299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72301,72302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72303,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72305,513],{"class":66},[52,72307,186],{"class":70},[52,72309,336],{"class":74},[52,72311,186],{"class":70},[52,72313,91],{"class":66},[52,72315,195],{"class":70},[52,72317,17583],{"class":74},[52,72319,186],{"class":70},[52,72321,766],{"class":66},[20,72323,12017],{},[234,72325,72326,72329,72335],{},[237,72327,72328],{},"A list is created with three values",[237,72330,72331,72334],{},[15,72332,72333],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[237,72336,72337],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72339,72340],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[43,72342,72344],{"className":45,"code":72343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72345,72346,72370,72384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72347,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72349,5416],{"class":58},[52,72351,63],{"class":62},[52,72353,755],{"class":66},[52,72355,2679],{"class":103},[52,72357,91],{"class":66},[52,72359,104],{"class":103},[52,72361,91],{"class":66},[52,72363,8148],{"class":103},[52,72365,91],{"class":66},[52,72367,50990],{"class":103},[52,72369,766],{"class":66},[52,72371,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72373,16515],{"class":58},[52,72375,121],{"class":66},[52,72377,34931],{"class":124},[52,72379,145],{"class":66},[52,72381,36981],{"class":103},[52,72383,151],{"class":66},[52,72385,72386,72388,72390,72392],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72387,142],{"class":141},[52,72389,145],{"class":66},[52,72391,16515],{"class":124},[52,72393,151],{"class":66},[20,72395,173],{},[43,72397,72399],{"className":45,"code":72398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72400,72401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72402,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72404,513],{"class":66},[52,72406,2679],{"class":103},[52,72408,91],{"class":66},[52,72410,104],{"class":103},[52,72412,91],{"class":66},[52,72414,50990],{"class":103},[52,72416,766],{"class":66},[38,72418,72420],{"id":72419},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72422,65315,72423,72425,72426,72428],{},[15,72424,55677],{}," deletes only the ",[33,72427,30042],{}," one.",[43,72430,72432],{"className":45,"code":72431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72433,72434,72474,72492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72435,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72437,8133],{"class":58},[52,72439,63],{"class":62},[52,72441,755],{"class":66},[52,72443,71],{"class":70},[52,72445,4432],{"class":74},[52,72447,71],{"class":70},[52,72449,91],{"class":66},[52,72451,83],{"class":70},[52,72453,4441],{"class":74},[52,72455,71],{"class":70},[52,72457,91],{"class":66},[52,72459,83],{"class":70},[52,72461,4432],{"class":74},[52,72463,71],{"class":70},[52,72465,91],{"class":66},[52,72467,83],{"class":70},[52,72469,33356],{"class":74},[52,72471,71],{"class":70},[52,72473,766],{"class":66},[52,72475,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72477,8163],{"class":58},[52,72479,121],{"class":66},[52,72481,34931],{"class":124},[52,72483,145],{"class":66},[52,72485,71],{"class":70},[52,72487,4432],{"class":74},[52,72489,71],{"class":70},[52,72491,151],{"class":66},[52,72493,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72495,142],{"class":141},[52,72497,145],{"class":66},[52,72499,8163],{"class":124},[52,72501,151],{"class":66},[20,72503,173],{},[43,72505,72507],{"className":45,"code":72506,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72508,72509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72512,513],{"class":66},[52,72514,186],{"class":70},[52,72516,4441],{"class":74},[52,72518,186],{"class":70},[52,72520,91],{"class":66},[52,72522,195],{"class":70},[52,72524,4432],{"class":74},[52,72526,186],{"class":70},[52,72528,91],{"class":66},[52,72530,195],{"class":70},[52,72532,33356],{"class":74},[52,72534,186],{"class":70},[52,72536,766],{"class":66},[20,72538,72539,72540,72542],{},"Only the first ",[15,72541,57982],{}," was removed.",[20,72544,72545,72546,72548],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72547,55677],{}," again:",[43,72550,72552],{"className":45,"code":72551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72553,72554,72594,72612,72630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72555,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72557,8133],{"class":58},[52,72559,63],{"class":62},[52,72561,755],{"class":66},[52,72563,71],{"class":70},[52,72565,4432],{"class":74},[52,72567,71],{"class":70},[52,72569,91],{"class":66},[52,72571,83],{"class":70},[52,72573,4441],{"class":74},[52,72575,71],{"class":70},[52,72577,91],{"class":66},[52,72579,83],{"class":70},[52,72581,4432],{"class":74},[52,72583,71],{"class":70},[52,72585,91],{"class":66},[52,72587,83],{"class":70},[52,72589,33356],{"class":74},[52,72591,71],{"class":70},[52,72593,766],{"class":66},[52,72595,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72597,8163],{"class":58},[52,72599,121],{"class":66},[52,72601,34931],{"class":124},[52,72603,145],{"class":66},[52,72605,71],{"class":70},[52,72607,4432],{"class":74},[52,72609,71],{"class":70},[52,72611,151],{"class":66},[52,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72615,8163],{"class":58},[52,72617,121],{"class":66},[52,72619,34931],{"class":124},[52,72621,145],{"class":66},[52,72623,71],{"class":70},[52,72625,4432],{"class":74},[52,72627,71],{"class":70},[52,72629,151],{"class":66},[52,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,72633,142],{"class":141},[52,72635,145],{"class":66},[52,72637,8163],{"class":124},[52,72639,151],{"class":66},[20,72641,173],{},[43,72643,72645],{"className":45,"code":72644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72646,72647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72650,513],{"class":66},[52,72652,186],{"class":70},[52,72654,4441],{"class":74},[52,72656,186],{"class":70},[52,72658,91],{"class":66},[52,72660,195],{"class":70},[52,72662,33356],{"class":74},[52,72664,186],{"class":70},[52,72666,766],{"class":66},[20,72668,72669,72670,72672],{},"If you need to remove ",[33,72671,4070],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[43,72674,72676],{"className":45,"code":72675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72677,72678,72718,72752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72681,8133],{"class":58},[52,72683,63],{"class":62},[52,72685,755],{"class":66},[52,72687,71],{"class":70},[52,72689,4432],{"class":74},[52,72691,71],{"class":70},[52,72693,91],{"class":66},[52,72695,83],{"class":70},[52,72697,4441],{"class":74},[52,72699,71],{"class":70},[52,72701,91],{"class":66},[52,72703,83],{"class":70},[52,72705,4432],{"class":74},[52,72707,71],{"class":70},[52,72709,91],{"class":66},[52,72711,83],{"class":70},[52,72713,33356],{"class":74},[52,72715,71],{"class":70},[52,72717,766],{"class":66},[52,72719,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72737,72739,72741,72744,72746,72748,72750],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72721,8133],{"class":58},[52,72723,63],{"class":62},[52,72725,755],{"class":66},[52,72727,28671],{"class":58},[52,72729,6312],{"class":163},[52,72731,6315],{"class":58},[52,72733,4238],{"class":163},[52,72735,72736],{"class":58}," items ",[52,72738,7350],{"class":163},[52,72740,6315],{"class":58},[52,72742,72743],{"class":62},"!=",[52,72745,83],{"class":70},[52,72747,4432],{"class":74},[52,72749,71],{"class":70},[52,72751,766],{"class":66},[52,72753,72754,72756,72758,72760],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72755,142],{"class":141},[52,72757,145],{"class":66},[52,72759,8163],{"class":124},[52,72761,151],{"class":66},[20,72763,173],{},[43,72765,72766],{"className":45,"code":72644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,72767,72768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72769,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72771,513],{"class":66},[52,72773,186],{"class":70},[52,72775,4441],{"class":74},[52,72777,186],{"class":70},[52,72779,91],{"class":66},[52,72781,195],{"class":70},[52,72783,33356],{"class":74},[52,72785,186],{"class":70},[52,72787,766],{"class":66},[38,72789,65781],{"id":65780},[20,72791,65784,72792,121],{},[15,72793,40846],{},[43,72795,72797],{"className":45,"code":72796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72798,72799,72831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72800,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72802,8133],{"class":58},[52,72804,63],{"class":62},[52,72806,755],{"class":66},[52,72808,71],{"class":70},[52,72810,4432],{"class":74},[52,72812,71],{"class":70},[52,72814,91],{"class":66},[52,72816,83],{"class":70},[52,72818,4441],{"class":74},[52,72820,71],{"class":70},[52,72822,91],{"class":66},[52,72824,83],{"class":70},[52,72826,33356],{"class":74},[52,72828,71],{"class":70},[52,72830,766],{"class":66},[52,72832,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72834,8163],{"class":58},[52,72836,121],{"class":66},[52,72838,34931],{"class":124},[52,72840,145],{"class":66},[52,72842,71],{"class":70},[52,72844,22663],{"class":74},[52,72846,71],{"class":70},[52,72848,151],{"class":66},[20,72850,173],{},[43,72852,72854],{"className":45,"code":72853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72855,72856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72857,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72859,40846],{"class":3251},[52,72861,80],{"class":66},[52,72863,22690],{"class":3251},[52,72865,121],{"class":66},[52,72867,34931],{"class":124},[52,72869,145],{"class":66},[52,72871,1357],{"class":124},[52,72873,16578],{"class":66},[52,72875,4235],{"class":58},[52,72877,1332],{"class":62},[52,72879,21303],{"class":62},[52,72881,72882],{"class":3251}," list\n",[20,72884,72885],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72887,72888],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[43,72890,72892],{"className":45,"code":72891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72893,72894,72926,72938,72942,72954,72969,72973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72895,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72897,8133],{"class":58},[52,72899,63],{"class":62},[52,72901,755],{"class":66},[52,72903,71],{"class":70},[52,72905,4432],{"class":74},[52,72907,71],{"class":70},[52,72909,91],{"class":66},[52,72911,83],{"class":70},[52,72913,4441],{"class":74},[52,72915,71],{"class":70},[52,72917,91],{"class":66},[52,72919,83],{"class":70},[52,72921,33356],{"class":74},[52,72923,71],{"class":70},[52,72925,766],{"class":66},[52,72927,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,72929,2796],{"class":58},[52,72931,63],{"class":62},[52,72933,83],{"class":70},[52,72935,22663],{"class":74},[52,72937,3710],{"class":70},[52,72939,72940],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72941,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,72943,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,72945,7350],{"class":163},[52,72947,21714],{"class":58},[52,72949,4238],{"class":62},[52,72951,6320],{"class":58},[52,72953,6748],{"class":66},[52,72955,72956,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,72957,72958],{"class":58},"    items",[52,72960,121],{"class":66},[52,72962,34931],{"class":124},[52,72964,145],{"class":66},[52,72966,2823],{"class":124},[52,72968,151],{"class":66},[52,72970,72971],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,72972,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,72974,72975,72977,72979,72981],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,72976,142],{"class":141},[52,72978,145],{"class":66},[52,72980,8163],{"class":124},[52,72982,151],{"class":66},[20,72984,173],{},[43,72986,72988],{"className":45,"code":72987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72989,72990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72991,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72993,513],{"class":66},[52,72995,186],{"class":70},[52,72997,4432],{"class":74},[52,72999,186],{"class":70},[52,73001,91],{"class":66},[52,73003,195],{"class":70},[52,73005,4441],{"class":74},[52,73007,186],{"class":70},[52,73009,91],{"class":66},[52,73011,195],{"class":70},[52,73013,33356],{"class":74},[52,73015,186],{"class":70},[52,73017,766],{"class":66},[20,73019,73020,73021,73023],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73022,55677],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73025,73026,73027,121],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[257,73028,65990],{"href":73029},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[38,73031,73033],{"id":73032},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73035,73036,2218,73038,73040],{},[15,73037,55677],{},[15,73039,13087],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[234,73042,73043,73050,73056,73062],{},[237,73044,73045,73047,73048],{},[15,73046,55677],{}," deletes by ",[33,73049,2823],{},[237,73051,73052,73047,73054],{},[15,73053,13087],{},[33,73055,35984],{},[237,73057,73058,2746,73060],{},[15,73059,55677],{},[15,73061,4133],{},[237,73063,73064,73066],{},[15,73065,13087],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73068,46185,73069,80],{},[15,73070,55677],{},[43,73072,73074],{"className":45,"code":73073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73075,73076,73108,73126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73077,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73079,8133],{"class":58},[52,73081,63],{"class":62},[52,73083,755],{"class":66},[52,73085,71],{"class":70},[52,73087,4432],{"class":74},[52,73089,71],{"class":70},[52,73091,91],{"class":66},[52,73093,83],{"class":70},[52,73095,4441],{"class":74},[52,73097,71],{"class":70},[52,73099,91],{"class":66},[52,73101,83],{"class":70},[52,73103,33356],{"class":74},[52,73105,71],{"class":70},[52,73107,766],{"class":66},[52,73109,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73111,8163],{"class":58},[52,73113,121],{"class":66},[52,73115,34931],{"class":124},[52,73117,145],{"class":66},[52,73119,71],{"class":70},[52,73121,4441],{"class":74},[52,73123,71],{"class":70},[52,73125,151],{"class":66},[52,73127,73128,73130,73132,73134],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73129,142],{"class":141},[52,73131,145],{"class":66},[52,73133,8163],{"class":124},[52,73135,151],{"class":66},[20,73137,173],{},[43,73139,73141],{"className":45,"code":73140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73142,73143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73144,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73146,513],{"class":66},[52,73148,186],{"class":70},[52,73150,4432],{"class":74},[52,73152,186],{"class":70},[52,73154,91],{"class":66},[52,73156,195],{"class":70},[52,73158,33356],{"class":74},[52,73160,186],{"class":70},[52,73162,766],{"class":66},[20,73164,46185,73165,80],{},[15,73166,13087],{},[43,73168,73170],{"className":45,"code":73169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73171,73172,73204,73223,73227,73237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73175,8133],{"class":58},[52,73177,63],{"class":62},[52,73179,755],{"class":66},[52,73181,71],{"class":70},[52,73183,4432],{"class":74},[52,73185,71],{"class":70},[52,73187,91],{"class":66},[52,73189,83],{"class":70},[52,73191,4441],{"class":74},[52,73193,71],{"class":70},[52,73195,91],{"class":66},[52,73197,83],{"class":70},[52,73199,33356],{"class":74},[52,73201,71],{"class":70},[52,73203,766],{"class":66},[52,73205,73206,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73207,73208],{"class":58},"removed_item ",[52,73210,63],{"class":62},[52,73212,6320],{"class":58},[52,73214,121],{"class":66},[52,73216,26373],{"class":124},[52,73218,145],{"class":66},[52,73220,3339],{"class":103},[52,73222,151],{"class":66},[52,73224,73225],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73226,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,73228,73229,73231,73233,73235],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,73230,142],{"class":141},[52,73232,145],{"class":66},[52,73234,8163],{"class":124},[52,73236,151],{"class":66},[52,73238,73239,73241,73243,73246],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,73240,142],{"class":141},[52,73242,145],{"class":66},[52,73244,73245],{"class":124},"removed_item",[52,73247,151],{"class":66},[20,73249,173],{},[43,73251,73253],{"className":45,"code":73252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73254,73255,73275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73256,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73258,513],{"class":66},[52,73260,186],{"class":70},[52,73262,4432],{"class":74},[52,73264,186],{"class":70},[52,73266,91],{"class":66},[52,73268,195],{"class":70},[52,73270,33356],{"class":74},[52,73272,186],{"class":70},[52,73274,766],{"class":66},[52,73276,73277],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73278,70557],{"class":58},[20,73280,222,73281,73283],{},[15,73282,55677],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73285,222,73286,73288],{},[15,73287,13087],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73290,73291,73292,121],{},"For more detail, see the ",[257,73293,73294],{"href":55227},"Python list pop() method",[38,73296,73298],{"id":73297},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73300,73301,2218,73303,73305],{},[15,73302,55677],{},[15,73304,27157],{}," are also different.",[234,73307,73308,73313,73318,73323],{},[237,73309,73310,73312],{},[15,73311,55677],{}," deletes by matching value",[237,73314,73315,73317],{},[15,73316,27157],{}," deletes by index or slice",[237,73319,222,73320,73322],{},[15,73321,27157],{}," when you know the position",[237,73324,222,73325,73327],{},[15,73326,55677],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73329,46185,73330,80],{},[15,73331,27157],{},[43,73333,73335],{"className":45,"code":73334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73336,73337,73369,73381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73338,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73340,8133],{"class":58},[52,73342,63],{"class":62},[52,73344,755],{"class":66},[52,73346,71],{"class":70},[52,73348,4432],{"class":74},[52,73350,71],{"class":70},[52,73352,91],{"class":66},[52,73354,83],{"class":70},[52,73356,4441],{"class":74},[52,73358,71],{"class":70},[52,73360,91],{"class":66},[52,73362,83],{"class":70},[52,73364,33356],{"class":74},[52,73366,71],{"class":70},[52,73368,766],{"class":66},[52,73370,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73372,27157],{"class":163},[52,73374,6320],{"class":58},[52,73376,513],{"class":66},[52,73378,3339],{"class":103},[52,73380,766],{"class":66},[52,73382,73383,73385,73387,73389],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73384,142],{"class":141},[52,73386,145],{"class":66},[52,73388,8163],{"class":124},[52,73390,151],{"class":66},[20,73392,173],{},[43,73394,73395],{"className":45,"code":73140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,73396,73397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73400,513],{"class":66},[52,73402,186],{"class":70},[52,73404,4432],{"class":74},[52,73406,186],{"class":70},[52,73408,91],{"class":66},[52,73410,195],{"class":70},[52,73412,33356],{"class":74},[52,73414,186],{"class":70},[52,73416,766],{"class":66},[20,73418,73419,73420,73422,73423,73425],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73421,3339],{},", not the value ",[15,73424,65425],{}," directly.",[20,73427,73428,73429,121],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[257,73430,55216],{"href":55215},[38,73432,2022],{"id":2021},[20,73434,21341,73435,80],{},[15,73436,55677],{},[234,73438,73439,73442,73447,73454,73463],{},[237,73440,73441],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[237,73443,8807,73444,73446],{},[15,73445,55677],{}," to delete all matching values",[237,73448,12920,73449,73451,73452],{},[15,73450,55677],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73453,4133],{},[237,73455,1326,73456,44774,73458,261,73460,73462],{},[15,73457,55677],{},[15,73459,13087],{},[15,73461,27157],{}," would be a better fit",[237,73464,73465],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73467,71657],{},[43,73469,73471],{"className":45,"code":73470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73472,73473,73483,73497,73515,73529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73474,73475,73477,73479,73481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73476,142],{"class":141},[52,73478,145],{"class":66},[52,73480,8693],{"class":124},[52,73482,151],{"class":66},[52,73484,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73486,142],{"class":141},[52,73488,145],{"class":66},[52,73490,2796],{"class":124},[52,73492,4238],{"class":163},[52,73494,8750],{"class":124},[52,73496,151],{"class":66},[52,73498,73499,73501,73503,73505,73507,73509,73511,73513],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73500,142],{"class":141},[52,73502,145],{"class":66},[52,73504,8693],{"class":124},[52,73506,121],{"class":66},[52,73508,41402],{"class":124},[52,73510,145],{"class":66},[52,73512,2823],{"class":124},[52,73514,2120],{"class":66},[52,73516,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,73518,142],{"class":141},[52,73520,145],{"class":66},[52,73522,3573],{"class":3251},[52,73524,145],{"class":66},[52,73526,8693],{"class":124},[52,73528,2120],{"class":66},[52,73530,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,73532,32287],{"class":141},[52,73534,145],{"class":66},[52,73536,8448],{"class":3251},[52,73538,121],{"class":66},[52,73540,34931],{"class":24881},[52,73542,151],{"class":66},[20,73544,73545],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[234,73547,73548,73551,73554,73557],{},[237,73549,73550],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[237,73552,73553],{},"How many times does it appear?",[237,73555,73556],{},"Am I working with a list?",[237,73558,73559],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73561,73562,73563,73565],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[257,73564,71821],{"href":59114}," may also help.",[38,73567,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,73569,73571],{"id":73570},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73573,73574],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1335,73576,73578],{"id":73577},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73580,5501,73581,73583],{},[15,73582,4133],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1335,73585,73587],{"id":73586},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73589,73590,73591,73594,73595,121],{},"Check with ",[15,73592,73593],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73596,55677],{},[1335,73598,73600],{"id":73599},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73602,222,73603,73605,73606,73608],{},[15,73604,55677],{}," for a value and ",[15,73607,13087],{}," for an index.",[38,73610,2240],{"id":2239},[234,73612,73613,73617,73621,73625,73629],{},[237,73614,73615],{},[257,73616,55663],{"href":55215},[237,73618,73619],{},[257,73620,73294],{"href":55227},[237,73622,73623],{},[257,73624,71821],{"href":59114},[237,73626,73627],{},[257,73628,65990],{"href":73029},[237,73630,73631],{},[257,73632,73634],{"href":73633},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2278,73636,73637],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":73639},[73640,73641,73642,73643,73644,73645,73646,73647,73648,73649,73655],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":71966,"depth":110,"text":71967},{"id":5784,"depth":110,"text":5785},{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":72419,"depth":110,"text":72420},{"id":65780,"depth":110,"text":65781},{"id":73032,"depth":110,"text":73033},{"id":73297,"depth":110,"text":73298},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":73650},[73651,73652,73653,73654],{"id":73570,"depth":131,"text":73571},{"id":73577,"depth":131,"text":73578},{"id":73586,"depth":131,"text":73587},{"id":73599,"depth":131,"text":73600},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71869,"description":73656},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73663,"title":73664,"body":73665,"description":75556,"extension":2310,"meta":75557,"navigation":134,"path":75558,"seo":75559,"stem":75560,"__hash__":75561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73666,"toc":75526},[73667,73673,73679,73682,73693,73695,73744,73749,73754,73758,73773,73775,73840,73842,73883,73885,73887,73902,73904,73915,73917,73974,73976,74009,74011,74014,74063,74065,74090,74092,74108,74114,74121,74182,74184,74217,74222,74225,74305,74307,74368,74374,74378,74381,74445,74447,74472,74474,74494,74496,74545,74547,74568,74577,74580,74584,74589,74634,74636,74657,74663,74668,74676,74740,74742,74779,74785,74789,74796,74861,74863,74900,74904,74921,74931,74936,74941,74952,74959,74961,74967,74990,74993,75020,75025,75028,75129,75131,75186,75189,75296,75298,75369,75372,75398,75400,75405,75409,75417,75422,75427,75433,75438,75442,75445,75462,75465,75485,75493,75495,75523],[10,73668,54490,73670,18],{"id":73669},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73671,73672],{},"reverse()",[20,73674,73675,73678],{},[15,73676,73677],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73680,73681],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73683,73684,73685,73687,73688,73692],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73686,73672],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[257,73689,73691],{"href":73690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[38,73694,3961],{"id":3960},[43,73696,73698],{"className":45,"code":73697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73699,73700,73720,73731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73701,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73703,3971],{"class":58},[52,73705,63],{"class":62},[52,73707,755],{"class":66},[52,73709,3339],{"class":103},[52,73711,91],{"class":66},[52,73713,1378],{"class":103},[52,73715,91],{"class":66},[52,73717,2801],{"class":103},[52,73719,766],{"class":66},[52,73721,73722,73724,73726,73729],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73723,4001],{"class":58},[52,73725,121],{"class":66},[52,73727,73728],{"class":124},"reverse",[52,73730,128],{"class":66},[52,73732,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73734,142],{"class":141},[52,73736,145],{"class":66},[52,73738,4001],{"class":124},[52,73740,4014],{"class":66},[52,73742,73743],{"class":4017},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73745,73746,73748],{},[15,73747,73672],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[38,73750,4031,73752,4034],{"id":73751},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73753,73677],{},[20,73755,73756,80],{},[15,73757,73677],{},[234,73759,73760,73763,73766,73770],{},[237,73761,73762],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[237,73764,73765],{},"Changes the original list directly",[237,73767,11763,73768],{},[15,73769,4133],{},[237,73771,73772],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73774,309],{},[43,73776,73778],{"className":45,"code":73777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73779,73780,73820,73830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73781,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73783,36229],{"class":58},[52,73785,63],{"class":62},[52,73787,755],{"class":66},[52,73789,71],{"class":70},[52,73791,257],{"class":74},[52,73793,71],{"class":70},[52,73795,91],{"class":66},[52,73797,83],{"class":70},[52,73799,345],{"class":74},[52,73801,71],{"class":70},[52,73803,91],{"class":66},[52,73805,83],{"class":70},[52,73807,10087],{"class":74},[52,73809,71],{"class":70},[52,73811,91],{"class":66},[52,73813,83],{"class":70},[52,73815,18896],{"class":74},[52,73817,71],{"class":70},[52,73819,766],{"class":66},[52,73821,73822,73824,73826,73828],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73823,36282],{"class":58},[52,73825,121],{"class":66},[52,73827,73728],{"class":124},[52,73829,128],{"class":66},[52,73831,73832,73834,73836,73838],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73833,142],{"class":141},[52,73835,145],{"class":66},[52,73837,36282],{"class":124},[52,73839,151],{"class":66},[20,73841,173],{},[43,73843,73845],{"className":45,"code":73844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73846,73847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73848,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73850,513],{"class":66},[52,73852,186],{"class":70},[52,73854,18896],{"class":74},[52,73856,186],{"class":70},[52,73858,91],{"class":66},[52,73860,195],{"class":70},[52,73862,10087],{"class":74},[52,73864,186],{"class":70},[52,73866,91],{"class":66},[52,73868,195],{"class":70},[52,73870,345],{"class":74},[52,73872,186],{"class":70},[52,73874,91],{"class":66},[52,73876,195],{"class":70},[52,73878,257],{"class":74},[52,73880,186],{"class":70},[52,73882,766],{"class":66},[38,73884,269],{"id":268},[20,73886,2507],{},[43,73888,73890],{"className":45,"code":73889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73891,73892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73893,73894,73896,73898,73900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73895,8693],{"class":58},[52,73897,121],{"class":66},[52,73899,73728],{"class":124},[52,73901,128],{"class":66},[20,73903,293],{},[234,73905,73906,73909,73912],{},[237,73907,73908],{},"No arguments are needed",[237,73910,73911],{},"You call it on an existing list",[237,73913,73914],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73916,309],{},[43,73918,73920],{"className":45,"code":73919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73921,73922,73954,73964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73923,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73925,319],{"class":58},[52,73927,63],{"class":62},[52,73929,755],{"class":66},[52,73931,71],{"class":70},[52,73933,336],{"class":74},[52,73935,71],{"class":70},[52,73937,91],{"class":66},[52,73939,83],{"class":70},[52,73941,17583],{"class":74},[52,73943,71],{"class":70},[52,73945,91],{"class":66},[52,73947,83],{"class":70},[52,73949,354],{"class":74},[52,73951,71],{"class":70},[52,73953,766],{"class":66},[52,73955,73956,73958,73960,73962],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,73957,17630],{"class":58},[52,73959,121],{"class":66},[52,73961,73728],{"class":124},[52,73963,128],{"class":66},[52,73965,73966,73968,73970,73972],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73967,142],{"class":141},[52,73969,145],{"class":66},[52,73971,17630],{"class":124},[52,73973,151],{"class":66},[20,73975,173],{},[43,73977,73979],{"className":45,"code":73978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73980,73981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73982,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73984,513],{"class":66},[52,73986,186],{"class":70},[52,73988,354],{"class":74},[52,73990,186],{"class":70},[52,73992,91],{"class":66},[52,73994,195],{"class":70},[52,73996,17583],{"class":74},[52,73998,186],{"class":70},[52,74000,91],{"class":66},[52,74002,195],{"class":70},[52,74004,336],{"class":74},[52,74006,186],{"class":70},[52,74008,766],{"class":66},[38,74010,438],{"id":437},[20,74012,74013],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[43,74015,74017],{"className":45,"code":74016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74018,74019,74043,74053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74020,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74022,3971],{"class":58},[52,74024,63],{"class":62},[52,74026,755],{"class":66},[52,74028,2679],{"class":103},[52,74030,91],{"class":66},[52,74032,104],{"class":103},[52,74034,91],{"class":66},[52,74036,8148],{"class":103},[52,74038,91],{"class":66},[52,74040,50990],{"class":103},[52,74042,766],{"class":66},[52,74044,74045,74047,74049,74051],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74046,4001],{"class":58},[52,74048,121],{"class":66},[52,74050,73728],{"class":124},[52,74052,128],{"class":66},[52,74054,74055,74057,74059,74061],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74056,142],{"class":141},[52,74058,145],{"class":66},[52,74060,4001],{"class":124},[52,74062,151],{"class":66},[20,74064,173],{},[43,74066,74068],{"className":45,"code":74067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74069,74070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74071,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74073,513],{"class":66},[52,74075,56841],{"class":103},[52,74077,91],{"class":66},[52,74079,8148],{"class":103},[52,74081,91],{"class":66},[52,74083,104],{"class":103},[52,74085,91],{"class":66},[52,74087,1972],{"class":103},[52,74089,766],{"class":66},[20,74091,12017],{},[234,74093,74094,74100,74105],{},[237,74095,74096,74097],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74098,74099],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[237,74101,74102,74104],{},[15,74103,73672],{}," flips the order",[237,74106,74107],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[38,74109,74111,74113],{"id":74110},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74112,73672],{}," changes the original list",[20,74115,74116,74117,74120],{},"This method is ",[33,74118,74119],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[43,74122,74124],{"className":45,"code":74123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74125,74126,74158,74168,74172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74127,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74129,36378],{"class":58},[52,74131,63],{"class":62},[52,74133,755],{"class":66},[52,74135,71],{"class":70},[52,74137,4432],{"class":74},[52,74139,71],{"class":70},[52,74141,91],{"class":66},[52,74143,83],{"class":70},[52,74145,4441],{"class":74},[52,74147,71],{"class":70},[52,74149,91],{"class":66},[52,74151,83],{"class":70},[52,74153,4450],{"class":74},[52,74155,71],{"class":70},[52,74157,766],{"class":66},[52,74159,74160,74162,74164,74166],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74161,36430],{"class":58},[52,74163,121],{"class":66},[52,74165,73728],{"class":124},[52,74167,128],{"class":66},[52,74169,74170],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74171,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,74173,74174,74176,74178,74180],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,74175,142],{"class":141},[52,74177,145],{"class":66},[52,74179,36430],{"class":124},[52,74181,151],{"class":66},[20,74183,173],{},[43,74185,74187],{"className":45,"code":74186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74188,74189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74190,74191,74193,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74192,513],{"class":66},[52,74194,186],{"class":70},[52,74196,4450],{"class":74},[52,74198,186],{"class":70},[52,74200,91],{"class":66},[52,74202,195],{"class":70},[52,74204,4441],{"class":74},[52,74206,186],{"class":70},[52,74208,91],{"class":66},[52,74210,195],{"class":70},[52,74212,4432],{"class":74},[52,74214,186],{"class":70},[52,74216,766],{"class":66},[20,74218,222,74219,74221],{},[15,74220,73672],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74223,74224],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[43,74226,74228],{"className":45,"code":74227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74229,74230,74262,74280,74284,74294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74231,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74233,36378],{"class":58},[52,74235,63],{"class":62},[52,74237,755],{"class":66},[52,74239,71],{"class":70},[52,74241,4432],{"class":74},[52,74243,71],{"class":70},[52,74245,91],{"class":66},[52,74247,83],{"class":70},[52,74249,4441],{"class":74},[52,74251,71],{"class":70},[52,74253,91],{"class":66},[52,74255,83],{"class":70},[52,74257,4450],{"class":74},[52,74259,71],{"class":70},[52,74261,766],{"class":66},[52,74263,74264,74267,74269,74271,74274,74276,74278],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74265,74266],{"class":58},"reversed_fruits ",[52,74268,63],{"class":62},[52,74270,52999],{"class":58},[52,74272,74273],{"class":66},"[::",[52,74275,2369],{"class":62},[52,74277,3339],{"class":103},[52,74279,766],{"class":66},[52,74281,74282],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74283,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,74285,74286,74288,74290,74292],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,74287,142],{"class":141},[52,74289,145],{"class":66},[52,74291,36430],{"class":124},[52,74293,151],{"class":66},[52,74295,74296,74298,74300,74303],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,74297,142],{"class":141},[52,74299,145],{"class":66},[52,74301,74302],{"class":124},"reversed_fruits",[52,74304,151],{"class":66},[20,74306,173],{},[43,74308,74310],{"className":45,"code":74309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74311,74312,74340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74313,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74315,513],{"class":66},[52,74317,186],{"class":70},[52,74319,4432],{"class":74},[52,74321,186],{"class":70},[52,74323,91],{"class":66},[52,74325,195],{"class":70},[52,74327,4441],{"class":74},[52,74329,186],{"class":70},[52,74331,91],{"class":66},[52,74333,195],{"class":70},[52,74335,4450],{"class":74},[52,74337,186],{"class":70},[52,74339,766],{"class":66},[52,74341,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74343,513],{"class":66},[52,74345,186],{"class":70},[52,74347,4450],{"class":74},[52,74349,186],{"class":70},[52,74351,91],{"class":66},[52,74353,195],{"class":70},[52,74355,4441],{"class":74},[52,74357,186],{"class":70},[52,74359,91],{"class":66},[52,74361,195],{"class":70},[52,74363,4432],{"class":74},[52,74365,186],{"class":70},[52,74367,766],{"class":66},[20,74369,74370,74371,121],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[257,74372,74373],{"href":73690},"Python list slicing explained",[38,74375,74377],{"id":74376},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74379,74380],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[43,74382,74384],{"className":45,"code":74383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74385,74386,74406,74420,74424,74435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74387,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74389,3971],{"class":58},[52,74391,63],{"class":62},[52,74393,755],{"class":66},[52,74395,3339],{"class":103},[52,74397,91],{"class":66},[52,74399,1378],{"class":103},[52,74401,91],{"class":66},[52,74403,2801],{"class":103},[52,74405,766],{"class":66},[52,74407,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74409,56038],{"class":58},[52,74411,63],{"class":62},[52,74413,4617],{"class":58},[52,74415,121],{"class":66},[52,74417,73728],{"class":124},[52,74419,128],{"class":66},[52,74421,74422],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74423,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,74425,74426,74428,74430,74433],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,74427,142],{"class":141},[52,74429,145],{"class":66},[52,74431,74432],{"class":124},"new_list",[52,74434,151],{"class":66},[52,74436,74437,74439,74441,74443],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,74438,142],{"class":141},[52,74440,145],{"class":66},[52,74442,4001],{"class":124},[52,74444,151],{"class":66},[20,74446,173],{},[43,74448,74450],{"className":45,"code":74449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74451,74452,74456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74453,74454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74455,12141],{"class":218},[52,74457,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74459,513],{"class":66},[52,74461,2410],{"class":103},[52,74463,91],{"class":66},[52,74465,1378],{"class":103},[52,74467,91],{"class":66},[52,74469,1364],{"class":103},[52,74471,766],{"class":66},[20,74473,12233],{},[234,74475,74476,74484,74488],{},[237,74477,74478,74480,74481,74483],{},[15,74479,73672],{}," changes ",[15,74482,4001],{}," directly",[237,74485,41048,74486,71990],{},[33,74487,1332],{},[237,74489,53801,74490,42298,74492],{},[15,74491,74432],{},[15,74493,4133],{},[20,74495,62048],{},[43,74497,74499],{"className":45,"code":74498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74500,74501,74521,74531,74535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74502,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74504,3971],{"class":58},[52,74506,63],{"class":62},[52,74508,755],{"class":66},[52,74510,3339],{"class":103},[52,74512,91],{"class":66},[52,74514,1378],{"class":103},[52,74516,91],{"class":66},[52,74518,2801],{"class":103},[52,74520,766],{"class":66},[52,74522,74523,74525,74527,74529],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74524,4001],{"class":58},[52,74526,121],{"class":66},[52,74528,73728],{"class":124},[52,74530,128],{"class":66},[52,74532,74533],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74534,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,74536,74537,74539,74541,74543],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,74538,142],{"class":141},[52,74540,145],{"class":66},[52,74542,4001],{"class":124},[52,74544,151],{"class":66},[20,74546,173],{},[43,74548,74550],{"className":45,"code":74549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74551,74552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74553,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564,74566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74555,513],{"class":66},[52,74557,2410],{"class":103},[52,74559,91],{"class":66},[52,74561,1378],{"class":103},[52,74563,91],{"class":66},[52,74565,1364],{"class":103},[52,74567,766],{"class":66},[38,74569,74571,10931,74573,74576],{"id":74570},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74572,73672],{},[15,74574,74575],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74578,74579],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1335,74581,74582],{"id":73728},[15,74583,73672],{},[20,74585,74586,74588],{},[15,74587,73672],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[43,74590,74592],{"className":45,"code":74591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74593,74594,74614,74624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74595,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74597,3971],{"class":58},[52,74599,63],{"class":62},[52,74601,755],{"class":66},[52,74603,2410],{"class":103},[52,74605,91],{"class":66},[52,74607,1364],{"class":103},[52,74609,91],{"class":66},[52,74611,1378],{"class":103},[52,74613,766],{"class":66},[52,74615,74616,74618,74620,74622],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74617,4001],{"class":58},[52,74619,121],{"class":66},[52,74621,73728],{"class":124},[52,74623,128],{"class":66},[52,74625,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74627,142],{"class":141},[52,74629,145],{"class":66},[52,74631,4001],{"class":124},[52,74633,151],{"class":66},[20,74635,173],{},[43,74637,74639],{"className":45,"code":74638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74640,74641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74642,74643,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74644,513],{"class":66},[52,74646,2404],{"class":103},[52,74648,91],{"class":66},[52,74650,1364],{"class":103},[52,74652,91],{"class":66},[52,74654,2801],{"class":103},[52,74656,766],{"class":66},[20,74658,74659,74660,74662],{},"Notice that this is ",[33,74661,1332],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1335,74664,74666],{"id":74665},"sorted",[15,74667,74575],{},[20,74669,74670,74675],{},[257,74671,74673],{"href":74672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74674,74575],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[43,74677,74679],{"className":45,"code":74678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74680,74681,74701,74716,74720,74730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74682,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74684,3971],{"class":58},[52,74686,63],{"class":62},[52,74688,755],{"class":66},[52,74690,2410],{"class":103},[52,74692,91],{"class":66},[52,74694,1364],{"class":103},[52,74696,91],{"class":66},[52,74698,1378],{"class":103},[52,74700,766],{"class":66},[52,74702,74703,74705,74707,74710,74712,74714],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74704,2577],{"class":58},[52,74706,63],{"class":62},[52,74708,74709],{"class":141}," sorted",[52,74711,145],{"class":66},[52,74713,4001],{"class":124},[52,74715,151],{"class":66},[52,74717,74718],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74719,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,74721,74722,74724,74726,74728],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,74723,142],{"class":141},[52,74725,145],{"class":66},[52,74727,4001],{"class":124},[52,74729,151],{"class":66},[52,74731,74732,74734,74736,74738],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,74733,142],{"class":141},[52,74735,145],{"class":66},[52,74737,2612],{"class":124},[52,74739,151],{"class":66},[20,74741,173],{},[43,74743,74745],{"className":45,"code":74744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74746,74747,74763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74750,513],{"class":66},[52,74752,2410],{"class":103},[52,74754,91],{"class":66},[52,74756,1364],{"class":103},[52,74758,91],{"class":66},[52,74760,1378],{"class":103},[52,74762,766],{"class":66},[52,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74766,513],{"class":66},[52,74768,3339],{"class":103},[52,74770,91],{"class":66},[52,74772,1378],{"class":103},[52,74774,91],{"class":66},[52,74776,2801],{"class":103},[52,74778,766],{"class":66},[20,74780,74781,74782,121],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74783,74784],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1335,74786,74788],{"id":74787},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74790,74791,74792,74795],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74793,74794],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[43,74797,74799],{"className":45,"code":74798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74800,74801,74821,74837,74841,74851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74802,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74804,3971],{"class":58},[52,74806,63],{"class":62},[52,74808,755],{"class":66},[52,74810,2410],{"class":103},[52,74812,91],{"class":66},[52,74814,1364],{"class":103},[52,74816,91],{"class":66},[52,74818,1378],{"class":103},[52,74820,766],{"class":66},[52,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74824,2577],{"class":58},[52,74826,63],{"class":62},[52,74828,4617],{"class":58},[52,74830,74273],{"class":66},[52,74832,2369],{"class":62},[52,74834,3339],{"class":103},[52,74836,766],{"class":66},[52,74838,74839],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74840,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,74844,142],{"class":141},[52,74846,145],{"class":66},[52,74848,4001],{"class":124},[52,74850,151],{"class":66},[52,74852,74853,74855,74857,74859],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,74854,142],{"class":141},[52,74856,145],{"class":66},[52,74858,2612],{"class":124},[52,74860,151],{"class":66},[20,74862,173],{},[43,74864,74866],{"className":45,"code":74865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74867,74868,74884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74869,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74871,513],{"class":66},[52,74873,2410],{"class":103},[52,74875,91],{"class":66},[52,74877,1364],{"class":103},[52,74879,91],{"class":66},[52,74881,1378],{"class":103},[52,74883,766],{"class":66},[52,74885,74886,74888,74890,74892,74894,74896,74898],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,74887,513],{"class":66},[52,74889,2404],{"class":103},[52,74891,91],{"class":66},[52,74893,1364],{"class":103},[52,74895,91],{"class":66},[52,74897,2801],{"class":103},[52,74899,766],{"class":66},[1335,74901,74903],{"id":74902},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[234,74905,74906,74911,74916],{},[237,74907,222,74908,74910],{},[15,74909,73672],{}," when you want to change the original list",[237,74912,222,74913,74915],{},[15,74914,74794],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[237,74917,222,74918,74920],{},[15,74919,74575],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74922,74923,74924,74930],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[257,74925,74927,74928,2264],{"href":74926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74929,64462],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[38,74932,1063,74934],{"id":74933},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74935,73672],{},[20,74937,74938,74940],{},[15,74939,73672],{}," is a good choice:",[234,74942,74943,74946,74949],{},[237,74944,74945],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[237,74947,74948],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[237,74950,74951],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74953,74954,74955,121],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[257,74956,74958],{"href":74957},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[38,74960,2022],{"id":2021},[20,74962,74963,74964,74966],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74965,73672],{}," for these reasons:",[234,74968,74969,74973,74978,74983],{},[237,74970,12920,74971,12923],{},[15,74972,73672],{},[237,74974,8807,74975,74977],{},[15,74976,73672],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[237,74979,1326,74980,74982],{},[15,74981,73672],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[237,74984,37344,74985,9059,74987],{},[15,74986,73672],{},[15,74988,74989],{},"reversed()",[20,74991,74992],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[43,74994,74996],{"className":45,"code":74995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74997,74998,75010],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74999,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75001,34824],{"class":58},[52,75003,63],{"class":62},[52,75005,83],{"class":70},[52,75007,4201],{"class":74},[52,75009,3710],{"class":70},[52,75011,75012,75014,75016,75018],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75013,34845],{"class":58},[52,75015,121],{"class":66},[52,75017,73728],{"class":124},[52,75019,128],{"class":66},[20,75021,75022,75023,33736],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75024,73672],{},[20,75026,75027],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[43,75029,75031],{"className":45,"code":75030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75032,75033,75053,75057,75067,75081,75085,75099,75109,75113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75034,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047,75049,75051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75036,8662],{"class":58},[52,75038,63],{"class":62},[52,75040,755],{"class":66},[52,75042,3339],{"class":103},[52,75044,91],{"class":66},[52,75046,1378],{"class":103},[52,75048,91],{"class":66},[52,75050,2801],{"class":103},[52,75052,766],{"class":66},[52,75054,75055],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75056,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75058,75059,75061,75063,75065],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75060,142],{"class":141},[52,75062,145],{"class":66},[52,75064,8693],{"class":124},[52,75066,151],{"class":66},[52,75068,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75070,142],{"class":141},[52,75072,145],{"class":66},[52,75074,3573],{"class":3251},[52,75076,145],{"class":66},[52,75078,8693],{"class":124},[52,75080,2120],{"class":66},[52,75082,75083],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,75084,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75086,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095,75097],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,75088,2577],{"class":58},[52,75090,63],{"class":62},[52,75092,8750],{"class":58},[52,75094,121],{"class":66},[52,75096,73728],{"class":124},[52,75098,128],{"class":66},[52,75100,75101,75103,75105,75107],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,75102,142],{"class":141},[52,75104,145],{"class":66},[52,75106,2612],{"class":124},[52,75108,151],{"class":66},[52,75110,75111],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,75112,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75114,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,75116,142],{"class":141},[52,75118,145],{"class":66},[52,75120,8693],{"class":124},[52,75122,74273],{"class":66},[52,75124,2369],{"class":62},[52,75126,3339],{"class":103},[52,75128,913],{"class":66},[20,75130,173],{},[43,75132,75134],{"className":45,"code":75133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75135,75136,75152,75166,75170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75137,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75139,513],{"class":66},[52,75141,3339],{"class":103},[52,75143,91],{"class":66},[52,75145,1378],{"class":103},[52,75147,91],{"class":66},[52,75149,2801],{"class":103},[52,75151,766],{"class":66},[52,75153,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75155,3642],{"class":62},[52,75157,3645],{"class":2413},[52,75159,195],{"class":70},[52,75161,8448],{"class":74},[52,75163,186],{"class":70},[52,75165,3654],{"class":62},[52,75167,75168],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75169,12141],{"class":218},[52,75171,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182,75184],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75173,513],{"class":66},[52,75175,3339],{"class":103},[52,75177,91],{"class":66},[52,75179,1378],{"class":103},[52,75181,91],{"class":66},[52,75183,1364],{"class":103},[52,75185,766],{"class":66},[20,75187,75188],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[43,75190,75192],{"className":45,"code":75191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75193,75194,75214,75218,75228,75242,75246,75260,75270,75280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75195,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75197,8662],{"class":58},[52,75199,63],{"class":62},[52,75201,755],{"class":66},[52,75203,3339],{"class":103},[52,75205,91],{"class":66},[52,75207,1378],{"class":103},[52,75209,91],{"class":66},[52,75211,2801],{"class":103},[52,75213,766],{"class":66},[52,75215,75216],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75217,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75219,75220,75222,75224,75226],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75221,142],{"class":141},[52,75223,145],{"class":66},[52,75225,8693],{"class":124},[52,75227,151],{"class":66},[52,75229,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75231,142],{"class":141},[52,75233,145],{"class":66},[52,75235,3573],{"class":3251},[52,75237,145],{"class":66},[52,75239,8693],{"class":124},[52,75241,2120],{"class":66},[52,75243,75244],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,75245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75247,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,75249,2577],{"class":58},[52,75251,63],{"class":62},[52,75253,8750],{"class":58},[52,75255,121],{"class":66},[52,75257,73728],{"class":124},[52,75259,128],{"class":66},[52,75261,75262,75264,75266,75268],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,75263,142],{"class":141},[52,75265,145],{"class":66},[52,75267,2612],{"class":124},[52,75269,151],{"class":66},[52,75271,75272,75274,75276,75278],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,75273,142],{"class":141},[52,75275,145],{"class":66},[52,75277,8693],{"class":124},[52,75279,151],{"class":66},[52,75281,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,75283,142],{"class":141},[52,75285,145],{"class":66},[52,75287,8693],{"class":124},[52,75289,74273],{"class":66},[52,75291,2369],{"class":62},[52,75293,3339],{"class":103},[52,75295,913],{"class":66},[20,75297,173],{},[43,75299,75301],{"className":45,"code":75300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75302,75303,75319,75333,75337,75353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75304,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75306,513],{"class":66},[52,75308,3339],{"class":103},[52,75310,91],{"class":66},[52,75312,1378],{"class":103},[52,75314,91],{"class":66},[52,75316,2801],{"class":103},[52,75318,766],{"class":66},[52,75320,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75322,3642],{"class":62},[52,75324,3645],{"class":2413},[52,75326,195],{"class":70},[52,75328,8448],{"class":74},[52,75330,186],{"class":70},[52,75332,3654],{"class":62},[52,75334,75335],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75336,12141],{"class":218},[52,75338,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75340,513],{"class":66},[52,75342,2410],{"class":103},[52,75344,91],{"class":66},[52,75346,1378],{"class":103},[52,75348,91],{"class":66},[52,75350,1364],{"class":103},[52,75352,766],{"class":66},[52,75354,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,75356,513],{"class":66},[52,75358,3339],{"class":103},[52,75360,91],{"class":66},[52,75362,1378],{"class":103},[52,75364,91],{"class":66},[52,75366,2801],{"class":103},[52,75368,766],{"class":66},[20,75370,75371],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[234,75373,75374,75383,75392],{},[237,75375,27928,75376,75379,75380],{},[15,75377,75378],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75381,75382],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[237,75384,12249,75385,75388,75389,22690],{},[15,75386,75387],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[33,75390,75391],{},"current",[237,75393,75394,75395],{},"So it prints ",[15,75396,75397],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[38,75399,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,75401,2195,75403,55617],{"id":75402},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75404,73677],{},[20,75406,62753,75407,121],{},[15,75408,4133],{},[1335,75410,34341,75412,34344,75414,2221],{"id":75411},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75413,73672],{},[15,75415,75416],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75418,75419,75421],{},[15,75420,73672],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75423,75424,75426],{},[15,75425,75416],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1335,75428,28461,75430,75432],{"id":75429},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75431,73672],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75434,46510,75435,75437],{},[15,75436,73672],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1335,75439,75441],{"id":75440},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75443,75444],{},"Use slicing:",[43,75446,75448],{"className":45,"code":75447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75449,75450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75451,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75453,8693],{"class":58},[52,75455,74273],{"class":66},[52,75457,2369],{"class":62},[52,75459,3339],{"class":103},[52,75461,766],{"class":66},[20,75463,75464],{},"Or use:",[43,75466,75468],{"className":45,"code":75467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75469,75470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75471,75472,75474,75476,75479,75481,75483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75473,8448],{"class":3251},[52,75475,145],{"class":66},[52,75477,75478],{"class":141},"reversed",[52,75480,145],{"class":66},[52,75482,8693],{"class":124},[52,75484,2120],{"class":66},[20,75486,75487,75488,75492],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[257,75489,55668,75490],{"href":55108},[15,75491,17],{}," can also help.",[38,75494,2240],{"id":2239},[234,75496,75497,75503,75509,75513,75517],{},[237,75498,75499],{},[257,75500,55668,75501,2264],{"href":74926},[15,75502,64462],{},[237,75504,75505],{},[257,75506,3928,75507,3861],{"href":74672},[15,75508,74575],{},[237,75510,75511],{},[257,75512,74958],{"href":74957},[237,75514,75515],{},[257,75516,74373],{"href":73690},[237,75518,75519],{},[257,75520,55668,75521,2264],{"href":55108},[15,75522,17],{},[2278,75524,75525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":75527},[75528,75529,75531,75532,75533,75535,75536,75543,75545,75546,75555],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":73751,"depth":110,"text":75530},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":74110,"depth":110,"text":75534},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74376,"depth":110,"text":74377},{"id":74570,"depth":110,"text":75537,"children":75538},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75539,75540,75541,75542],{"id":73728,"depth":131,"text":73672},{"id":74665,"depth":131,"text":74575},{"id":74787,"depth":131,"text":74788},{"id":74902,"depth":131,"text":74903},{"id":74933,"depth":110,"text":75544},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":75547},[75548,75550,75552,75554],{"id":75402,"depth":131,"text":75549},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75411,"depth":131,"text":75551},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75429,"depth":131,"text":75553},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75440,"depth":131,"text":75441},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73664,"description":75556},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75563,"title":75564,"body":75565,"description":77998,"extension":2310,"meta":77999,"navigation":134,"path":78000,"seo":78001,"stem":78002,"__hash__":78003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75566,"toc":77966},[75567,75570,75582,75585,75608,75616,75618,75730,75739,75743,75746,75749,75836,75838,75871,75873,75896,75902,75906,75909,75931,75933,75950,75953,75973,75975,76085,76087,76164,76168,76171,76214,76216,76349,76351,76453,76458,76462,76465,76467,76481,76484,76598,76600,76674,76676,76704,76708,76713,76743,76746,76872,76874,76956,76962,76966,76968,77007,77016,77020,77023,77027,77074,77076,77084,77088,77139,77141,77154,77156,77170,77173,77181,77183,77230,77232,77240,77243,77286,77291,77294,77297,77320,77324,77375,77378,77399,77409,77413,77415,77445,77448,77471,77475,77478,77545,77547,77584,77587,77595,77662,77664,77701,77707,77714,77718,77721,77751,77756,77760,77763,77787,77790,77884,77894,77896,77900,77903,77907,77910,77915,77918,77924,77927,77929,77957,77963],[10,75568,75564],{"id":75569},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75571,75572,75573,2536,75575,17199,75578,75581],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75574,36211],{},[15,75576,75577],{},"stop",[15,75579,75580],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75583,75584],{},"The basic slice form is:",[43,75586,75588],{"className":45,"code":75587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75589,75590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75591,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75593,8693],{"class":58},[52,75595,513],{"class":66},[52,75597,36211],{"class":58},[52,75599,80],{"class":66},[52,75601,75577],{"class":58},[52,75603,80],{"class":66},[52,75605,75580],{"class":58},[52,75607,766],{"class":66},[20,75609,75610,75611,75613,75614,121],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75612,75577],{}," position is ",[33,75615,65220],{},[38,75617,41],{"id":40},[43,75619,75621],{"className":45,"code":75620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75622,75623,75651,75655,75676,75694,75711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75624,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75626,3971],{"class":58},[52,75628,63],{"class":62},[52,75630,755],{"class":66},[52,75632,2679],{"class":103},[52,75634,91],{"class":66},[52,75636,104],{"class":103},[52,75638,91],{"class":66},[52,75640,8148],{"class":103},[52,75642,91],{"class":66},[52,75644,50990],{"class":103},[52,75646,91],{"class":66},[52,75648,5433],{"class":103},[52,75650,766],{"class":66},[52,75652,75653],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75654,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75656,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75658,142],{"class":141},[52,75660,145],{"class":66},[52,75662,4001],{"class":124},[52,75664,513],{"class":66},[52,75666,3339],{"class":103},[52,75668,80],{"class":66},[52,75670,2855],{"class":103},[52,75672,20575],{"class":66},[52,75674,75675],{"class":4017},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[52,75677,75678,75680,75682,75684,75687,75689,75691],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75679,142],{"class":141},[52,75681,145],{"class":66},[52,75683,4001],{"class":124},[52,75685,75686],{"class":66},"[:",[52,75688,2410],{"class":103},[52,75690,20575],{"class":66},[52,75692,75693],{"class":4017},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[52,75695,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,75697,142],{"class":141},[52,75699,145],{"class":66},[52,75701,4001],{"class":124},[52,75703,74273],{"class":66},[52,75705,2404],{"class":103},[52,75707,20575],{"class":66},[52,75709,75710],{"class":4017},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[52,75712,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,75714,142],{"class":141},[52,75716,145],{"class":66},[52,75718,4001],{"class":124},[52,75720,74273],{"class":66},[52,75722,2369],{"class":62},[52,75724,3339],{"class":103},[52,75726,20575],{"class":66},[52,75728,75729],{"class":4017},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75731,222,75732,75735,75736,75738],{},[15,75733,75734],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75737,75577],{}," value is not included.",[38,75740,75742],{"id":75741},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75744,75745],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75747,75748],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[43,75750,75752],{"className":45,"code":75751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75753,75754,75802,75806,75825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75755,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75757,36229],{"class":58},[52,75759,63],{"class":62},[52,75761,755],{"class":66},[52,75763,71],{"class":70},[52,75765,257],{"class":74},[52,75767,71],{"class":70},[52,75769,91],{"class":66},[52,75771,83],{"class":70},[52,75773,345],{"class":74},[52,75775,71],{"class":70},[52,75777,91],{"class":66},[52,75779,83],{"class":70},[52,75781,10087],{"class":74},[52,75783,71],{"class":70},[52,75785,91],{"class":66},[52,75787,83],{"class":70},[52,75789,18896],{"class":74},[52,75791,71],{"class":70},[52,75793,91],{"class":66},[52,75795,83],{"class":70},[52,75797,60597],{"class":74},[52,75799,71],{"class":70},[52,75801,766],{"class":66},[52,75803,75804],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,75805,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,75807,75808,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75809,75810],{"class":58},"part ",[52,75812,63],{"class":62},[52,75814,70247],{"class":58},[52,75816,513],{"class":66},[52,75818,3339],{"class":103},[52,75820,80],{"class":66},[52,75822,2855],{"class":103},[52,75824,766],{"class":66},[52,75826,75827,75829,75831,75834],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75828,142],{"class":141},[52,75830,145],{"class":66},[52,75832,75833],{"class":124},"part",[52,75835,151],{"class":66},[20,75837,173],{},[43,75839,75841],{"className":45,"code":75840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75842,75843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75844,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75846,513],{"class":66},[52,75848,186],{"class":70},[52,75850,345],{"class":74},[52,75852,186],{"class":70},[52,75854,91],{"class":66},[52,75856,195],{"class":70},[52,75858,10087],{"class":74},[52,75860,186],{"class":70},[52,75862,91],{"class":66},[52,75864,195],{"class":70},[52,75866,18896],{"class":74},[52,75868,186],{"class":70},[52,75870,766],{"class":66},[20,75872,293],{},[234,75874,75875,75878,75881,75887,75893],{},[237,75876,75877],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[237,75879,75880],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[237,75882,75883,75884],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75885,75886],{},"list[start:stop]",[237,75888,75889,75890,75892],{},"The item at ",[15,75891,75577],{}," is not included",[237,75894,75895],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75897,75898,75899,121],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[257,75900,75901],{"href":51126},"beginner guide to Python lists",[38,75903,75905],{"id":75904},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75907,75908],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[43,75910,75911],{"className":45,"code":75587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,75912,75913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75914,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75916,8693],{"class":58},[52,75918,513],{"class":66},[52,75920,36211],{"class":58},[52,75922,80],{"class":66},[52,75924,75577],{"class":58},[52,75926,80],{"class":66},[52,75928,75580],{"class":58},[52,75930,766],{"class":66},[20,75932,65196],{},[234,75934,75935,75940,75945],{},[237,75936,75937,75939],{},[15,75938,36211],{}," is where slicing begins",[237,75941,75942,75944],{},[15,75943,75577],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[237,75946,75947,75949],{},[15,75948,75580],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75951,75952],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[234,75954,75955,75961,75966],{},[237,75956,75957,75958,75960],{},"Missing ",[15,75959,36211],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[237,75962,75957,75963,75965],{},[15,75964,75577],{}," means go to the end of the list",[237,75967,75957,75968,75970,75971],{},[15,75969,75580],{}," means use ",[15,75972,3339],{},[20,75974,309],{},[43,75976,75978],{"className":45,"code":75977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75979,75980,76008,76012,76033,76050,76068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75981,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75983,3971],{"class":58},[52,75985,63],{"class":62},[52,75987,755],{"class":66},[52,75989,2679],{"class":103},[52,75991,91],{"class":66},[52,75993,104],{"class":103},[52,75995,91],{"class":66},[52,75997,8148],{"class":103},[52,75999,91],{"class":66},[52,76001,50990],{"class":103},[52,76003,91],{"class":66},[52,76005,5433],{"class":103},[52,76007,766],{"class":66},[52,76009,76010],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76011,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,76013,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76015,142],{"class":141},[52,76017,145],{"class":66},[52,76019,4001],{"class":124},[52,76021,513],{"class":66},[52,76023,3339],{"class":103},[52,76025,80],{"class":66},[52,76027,2855],{"class":103},[52,76029,20575],{"class":66},[52,76031,76032],{"class":4017},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[52,76034,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76036,142],{"class":141},[52,76038,145],{"class":66},[52,76040,4001],{"class":124},[52,76042,75686],{"class":66},[52,76044,2410],{"class":103},[52,76046,20575],{"class":66},[52,76048,76049],{"class":4017},"    # start from the beginning\n",[52,76051,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76065],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,76053,142],{"class":141},[52,76055,145],{"class":66},[52,76057,4001],{"class":124},[52,76059,513],{"class":66},[52,76061,2404],{"class":103},[52,76063,76064],{"class":66},":])",[52,76066,76067],{"class":4017},"    # go to the end\n",[52,76069,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,76071,142],{"class":141},[52,76073,145],{"class":66},[52,76075,4001],{"class":124},[52,76077,74273],{"class":66},[52,76079,3339],{"class":103},[52,76081,20575],{"class":66},[52,76083,76084],{"class":4017},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76086,173],{},[43,76088,76090],{"className":45,"code":76089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76091,76092,76108,76124,76140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76093,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76095,513],{"class":66},[52,76097,15880],{"class":103},[52,76099,91],{"class":66},[52,76101,8148],{"class":103},[52,76103,91],{"class":66},[52,76105,50990],{"class":103},[52,76107,766],{"class":66},[52,76109,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76111,513],{"class":66},[52,76113,2679],{"class":103},[52,76115,91],{"class":66},[52,76117,104],{"class":103},[52,76119,91],{"class":66},[52,76121,8148],{"class":103},[52,76123,766],{"class":66},[52,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76127,513],{"class":66},[52,76129,36981],{"class":103},[52,76131,91],{"class":66},[52,76133,50990],{"class":103},[52,76135,91],{"class":66},[52,76137,5433],{"class":103},[52,76139,766],{"class":66},[52,76141,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76143,513],{"class":66},[52,76145,2679],{"class":103},[52,76147,91],{"class":66},[52,76149,104],{"class":103},[52,76151,91],{"class":66},[52,76153,8148],{"class":103},[52,76155,91],{"class":66},[52,76157,50990],{"class":103},[52,76159,91],{"class":66},[52,76161,5433],{"class":103},[52,76163,766],{"class":66},[38,76165,76167],{"id":76166},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76169,76170],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[234,76172,76173,76182,76191,76202,76208],{},[237,76174,76175,76178,76179,6320],{},[15,76176,76177],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76180,76181],{},"n",[237,76183,76184,76187,76188,76190],{},[15,76185,76186],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76189,76181],{}," to the end",[237,76192,76193,76196,76197,76199,76200],{},[15,76194,76195],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76198,257],{}," up to ",[15,76201,345],{},[237,76203,76204,76207],{},[15,76205,76206],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[237,76209,76210,76213],{},[15,76211,76212],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76215,309],{},[43,76217,76219],{"className":45,"code":76218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76220,76221,76254,76258,76275,76292,76313,76330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76222,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76224,3971],{"class":58},[52,76226,63],{"class":62},[52,76228,755],{"class":66},[52,76230,2679],{"class":103},[52,76232,91],{"class":66},[52,76234,104],{"class":103},[52,76236,91],{"class":66},[52,76238,8148],{"class":103},[52,76240,91],{"class":66},[52,76242,50990],{"class":103},[52,76244,91],{"class":66},[52,76246,5433],{"class":103},[52,76248,91],{"class":66},[52,76250,76251],{"class":103}," 60",[52,76253,766],{"class":66},[52,76255,76256],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76257,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,76259,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76261,142],{"class":141},[52,76263,145],{"class":66},[52,76265,4001],{"class":124},[52,76267,75686],{"class":66},[52,76269,2410],{"class":103},[52,76271,20575],{"class":66},[52,76273,76274],{"class":4017},"    # first 3 items\n",[52,76276,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76278,142],{"class":141},[52,76280,145],{"class":66},[52,76282,4001],{"class":124},[52,76284,513],{"class":66},[52,76286,2410],{"class":103},[52,76288,76064],{"class":66},[52,76290,76291],{"class":4017},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[52,76293,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,76295,142],{"class":141},[52,76297,145],{"class":66},[52,76299,4001],{"class":124},[52,76301,513],{"class":66},[52,76303,3339],{"class":103},[52,76305,80],{"class":66},[52,76307,2484],{"class":103},[52,76309,20575],{"class":66},[52,76311,76312],{"class":4017},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[52,76314,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,76316,142],{"class":141},[52,76318,145],{"class":66},[52,76320,4001],{"class":124},[52,76322,74273],{"class":66},[52,76324,2404],{"class":103},[52,76326,20575],{"class":66},[52,76328,76329],{"class":4017},"   # every second item\n",[52,76331,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,76333,142],{"class":141},[52,76335,145],{"class":66},[52,76337,4001],{"class":124},[52,76339,74273],{"class":66},[52,76341,2369],{"class":62},[52,76343,3339],{"class":103},[52,76345,20575],{"class":66},[52,76347,76348],{"class":4017},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76350,173],{},[43,76352,76354],{"className":45,"code":76353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76355,76356,76372,76388,76408,76424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76357,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76359,513],{"class":66},[52,76361,2679],{"class":103},[52,76363,91],{"class":66},[52,76365,104],{"class":103},[52,76367,91],{"class":66},[52,76369,8148],{"class":103},[52,76371,766],{"class":66},[52,76373,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76375,513],{"class":66},[52,76377,56841],{"class":103},[52,76379,91],{"class":66},[52,76381,5433],{"class":103},[52,76383,91],{"class":66},[52,76385,76251],{"class":103},[52,76387,766],{"class":66},[52,76389,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76391,513],{"class":66},[52,76393,15880],{"class":103},[52,76395,91],{"class":66},[52,76397,8148],{"class":103},[52,76399,91],{"class":66},[52,76401,50990],{"class":103},[52,76403,91],{"class":66},[52,76405,5433],{"class":103},[52,76407,766],{"class":66},[52,76409,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76411,513],{"class":66},[52,76413,2679],{"class":103},[52,76415,91],{"class":66},[52,76417,8148],{"class":103},[52,76419,91],{"class":66},[52,76421,5433],{"class":103},[52,76423,766],{"class":66},[52,76425,76426,76428,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,76427,513],{"class":66},[52,76429,76430],{"class":103},"60",[52,76432,91],{"class":66},[52,76434,5433],{"class":103},[52,76436,91],{"class":66},[52,76438,50990],{"class":103},[52,76440,91],{"class":66},[52,76442,8148],{"class":103},[52,76444,91],{"class":66},[52,76446,104],{"class":103},[52,76448,91],{"class":66},[52,76450,1972],{"class":103},[52,76452,766],{"class":66},[20,76454,76455,76456,121],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[257,76457,2187],{"href":57368},[38,76459,76461],{"id":76460},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76463,76464],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76466,5826],{},[234,76468,76469,76475],{},[237,76470,76471,76474],{},[15,76472,76473],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[237,76476,76477,76480],{},[15,76478,76479],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76482,76483],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[43,76485,76487],{"className":45,"code":76486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76488,76489,76537,76541,76560,76579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76490,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76492,36229],{"class":58},[52,76494,63],{"class":62},[52,76496,755],{"class":66},[52,76498,71],{"class":70},[52,76500,257],{"class":74},[52,76502,71],{"class":70},[52,76504,91],{"class":66},[52,76506,83],{"class":70},[52,76508,345],{"class":74},[52,76510,71],{"class":70},[52,76512,91],{"class":66},[52,76514,83],{"class":70},[52,76516,10087],{"class":74},[52,76518,71],{"class":70},[52,76520,91],{"class":66},[52,76522,83],{"class":70},[52,76524,18896],{"class":74},[52,76526,71],{"class":70},[52,76528,91],{"class":66},[52,76530,83],{"class":70},[52,76532,60597],{"class":74},[52,76534,71],{"class":70},[52,76536,766],{"class":66},[52,76538,76539],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76540,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,76542,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76544,142],{"class":141},[52,76546,145],{"class":66},[52,76548,36282],{"class":124},[52,76550,513],{"class":66},[52,76552,2369],{"class":62},[52,76554,3339],{"class":103},[52,76556,20575],{"class":66},[52,76558,76559],{"class":4017},"    # last item\n",[52,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76563,142],{"class":141},[52,76565,145],{"class":66},[52,76567,36282],{"class":124},[52,76569,513],{"class":66},[52,76571,2369],{"class":62},[52,76573,2410],{"class":103},[52,76575,76064],{"class":66},[52,76577,76578],{"class":4017},"   # last 3 items\n",[52,76580,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,76582,142],{"class":141},[52,76584,145],{"class":66},[52,76586,36282],{"class":124},[52,76588,75686],{"class":66},[52,76590,2369],{"class":62},[52,76592,3339],{"class":103},[52,76594,20575],{"class":66},[52,76596,76597],{"class":4017},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76599,173],{},[43,76601,76603],{"className":45,"code":76602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76604,76605,76610,76638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76606,76607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76608,76609],{"class":58},"e\n",[52,76611,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76613,513],{"class":66},[52,76615,186],{"class":70},[52,76617,10087],{"class":74},[52,76619,186],{"class":70},[52,76621,91],{"class":66},[52,76623,195],{"class":70},[52,76625,18896],{"class":74},[52,76627,186],{"class":70},[52,76629,91],{"class":66},[52,76631,195],{"class":70},[52,76633,60597],{"class":74},[52,76635,186],{"class":70},[52,76637,766],{"class":66},[52,76639,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76641,513],{"class":66},[52,76643,186],{"class":70},[52,76645,257],{"class":74},[52,76647,186],{"class":70},[52,76649,91],{"class":66},[52,76651,195],{"class":70},[52,76653,345],{"class":74},[52,76655,186],{"class":70},[52,76657,91],{"class":66},[52,76659,195],{"class":70},[52,76661,10087],{"class":74},[52,76663,186],{"class":70},[52,76665,91],{"class":66},[52,76667,195],{"class":70},[52,76669,18896],{"class":74},[52,76671,186],{"class":70},[52,76673,766],{"class":66},[20,76675,293],{},[234,76677,76678,76681,76685,76691,76697],{},[237,76679,76680],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[237,76682,76683,76474],{},[15,76684,76473],{},[237,76686,76687,76690],{},[15,76688,76689],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[237,76692,76693,76696],{},[15,76694,76695],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[237,76698,76699,76700,2218,76702],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76701,36211],{},[15,76703,75577],{},[38,76705,76707],{"id":76706},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76709,2327,76710,76712],{},[15,76711,75580],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[234,76714,76715,76718,76721,76726,76736],{},[237,76716,76717],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[237,76719,76720],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[237,76722,76723,76725],{},[15,76724,76212],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[237,76727,9230,76728,76730,76731,76733,76734],{},[15,76729,75580],{}," is negative, ",[15,76732,36211],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76735,75577],{},[237,76737,76738,76740,76741],{},[15,76739,75580],{}," cannot be ",[15,76742,2467],{},[20,76744,76745],{},"Example with different step values:",[43,76747,76749],{"className":45,"code":76748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76750,76751,76783,76787,76804,76826,76845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76752,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76754,3971],{"class":58},[52,76756,63],{"class":62},[52,76758,755],{"class":66},[52,76760,2679],{"class":103},[52,76762,91],{"class":66},[52,76764,104],{"class":103},[52,76766,91],{"class":66},[52,76768,8148],{"class":103},[52,76770,91],{"class":66},[52,76772,50990],{"class":103},[52,76774,91],{"class":66},[52,76776,5433],{"class":103},[52,76778,91],{"class":66},[52,76780,76251],{"class":103},[52,76782,766],{"class":66},[52,76784,76785],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76786,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,76788,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76790,142],{"class":141},[52,76792,145],{"class":66},[52,76794,4001],{"class":124},[52,76796,74273],{"class":66},[52,76798,2404],{"class":103},[52,76800,20575],{"class":66},[52,76802,76803],{"class":4017},"     # every second item\n",[52,76805,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76819,76821,76823],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76807,142],{"class":141},[52,76809,145],{"class":66},[52,76811,4001],{"class":124},[52,76813,513],{"class":66},[52,76815,3339],{"class":103},[52,76817,76818],{"class":66},"::",[52,76820,2404],{"class":103},[52,76822,20575],{"class":66},[52,76824,76825],{"class":4017},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[52,76827,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,76829,142],{"class":141},[52,76831,145],{"class":66},[52,76833,4001],{"class":124},[52,76835,74273],{"class":66},[52,76837,2369],{"class":62},[52,76839,3339],{"class":103},[52,76841,20575],{"class":66},[52,76843,76844],{"class":4017},"    # reverse the list\n",[52,76846,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,76848,142],{"class":141},[52,76850,145],{"class":66},[52,76852,4001],{"class":124},[52,76854,513],{"class":66},[52,76856,2855],{"class":103},[52,76858,80],{"class":66},[52,76860,3339],{"class":103},[52,76862,80],{"class":66},[52,76864,2369],{"class":62},[52,76866,3339],{"class":103},[52,76868,20575],{"class":66},[52,76870,76871],{"class":4017},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76873,173],{},[43,76875,76877],{"className":45,"code":76876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76878,76879,76895,76911,76939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76880,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76882,513],{"class":66},[52,76884,2679],{"class":103},[52,76886,91],{"class":66},[52,76888,8148],{"class":103},[52,76890,91],{"class":66},[52,76892,5433],{"class":103},[52,76894,766],{"class":66},[52,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76898,513],{"class":66},[52,76900,15880],{"class":103},[52,76902,91],{"class":66},[52,76904,50990],{"class":103},[52,76906,91],{"class":66},[52,76908,76251],{"class":103},[52,76910,766],{"class":66},[52,76912,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76914,513],{"class":66},[52,76916,76430],{"class":103},[52,76918,91],{"class":66},[52,76920,5433],{"class":103},[52,76922,91],{"class":66},[52,76924,50990],{"class":103},[52,76926,91],{"class":66},[52,76928,8148],{"class":103},[52,76930,91],{"class":66},[52,76932,104],{"class":103},[52,76934,91],{"class":66},[52,76936,1972],{"class":103},[52,76938,766],{"class":66},[52,76940,76941,76943,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76942,513],{"class":66},[52,76944,76945],{"class":103},"50",[52,76947,91],{"class":66},[52,76949,50990],{"class":103},[52,76951,91],{"class":66},[52,76953,8148],{"class":103},[52,76955,766],{"class":66},[20,76957,76958,76959,121],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[257,76960,76961],{"href":74957},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1335,76963,76965],{"id":76964},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76967,3186],{},[43,76969,76971],{"className":45,"code":76970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76972,76973,76993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76974,76975,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76976,3971],{"class":58},[52,76978,63],{"class":62},[52,76980,755],{"class":66},[52,76982,3339],{"class":103},[52,76984,91],{"class":66},[52,76986,1378],{"class":103},[52,76988,91],{"class":66},[52,76990,2801],{"class":103},[52,76992,766],{"class":66},[52,76994,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,76996,142],{"class":141},[52,76998,145],{"class":66},[52,77000,4001],{"class":124},[52,77002,74273],{"class":66},[52,77004,2467],{"class":103},[52,77006,913],{"class":66},[20,77008,77009,77010,77012,77013,77015],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77011,40846],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77014,2467],{}," does not make sense.",[38,77017,77019],{"id":77018},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77021,77022],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1335,77024,77026],{"id":77025},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[43,77028,77030],{"className":45,"code":77029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77031,77032,77056,77060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77033,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77035,3971],{"class":58},[52,77037,63],{"class":62},[52,77039,755],{"class":66},[52,77041,2679],{"class":103},[52,77043,91],{"class":66},[52,77045,104],{"class":103},[52,77047,91],{"class":66},[52,77049,8148],{"class":103},[52,77051,91],{"class":66},[52,77053,50990],{"class":103},[52,77055,766],{"class":66},[52,77057,77058],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77059,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,77061,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77063,142],{"class":141},[52,77065,145],{"class":66},[52,77067,4001],{"class":124},[52,77069,513],{"class":66},[52,77071,2404],{"class":103},[52,77073,913],{"class":66},[20,77075,173],{},[43,77077,77078],{"className":45,"code":69991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77079,77080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77081,77082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77083,69991],{"class":103},[1335,77085,77087],{"id":77086},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[43,77089,77091],{"className":45,"code":77090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77092,77093,77117,77121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77094,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77096,3971],{"class":58},[52,77098,63],{"class":62},[52,77100,755],{"class":66},[52,77102,2679],{"class":103},[52,77104,91],{"class":66},[52,77106,104],{"class":103},[52,77108,91],{"class":66},[52,77110,8148],{"class":103},[52,77112,91],{"class":66},[52,77114,50990],{"class":103},[52,77116,766],{"class":66},[52,77118,77119],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77120,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,77122,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77124,142],{"class":141},[52,77126,145],{"class":66},[52,77128,4001],{"class":124},[52,77130,513],{"class":66},[52,77132,2404],{"class":103},[52,77134,80],{"class":66},[52,77136,2410],{"class":103},[52,77138,913],{"class":66},[20,77140,173],{},[43,77142,77144],{"className":45,"code":77143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30]\n",[15,77145,77146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77147,77148,77150,77152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77149,513],{"class":66},[52,77151,36981],{"class":103},[52,77153,766],{"class":66},[20,77155,1028],{},[234,77157,77158,77164],{},[237,77159,77160,77163],{},[15,77161,77162],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[237,77165,77166,77169],{},[15,77167,77168],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77171,77172],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[234,77174,77175,77178],{},[237,77176,77177],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[237,77179,77180],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77182,309],{},[43,77184,77186],{"className":45,"code":77185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77187,77188,77208,77212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77189,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77191,3971],{"class":58},[52,77193,63],{"class":62},[52,77195,755],{"class":66},[52,77197,2679],{"class":103},[52,77199,91],{"class":66},[52,77201,104],{"class":103},[52,77203,91],{"class":66},[52,77205,8148],{"class":103},[52,77207,766],{"class":66},[52,77209,77210],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77211,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,77213,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77215,142],{"class":141},[52,77217,145],{"class":66},[52,77219,4001],{"class":124},[52,77221,513],{"class":66},[52,77223,2484],{"class":103},[52,77225,80],{"class":66},[52,77227,2679],{"class":103},[52,77229,913],{"class":66},[20,77231,173],{},[43,77233,77234],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77235,77236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77237,77238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77239,38438],{"class":66},[20,77241,77242],{},"But this would raise an error:",[43,77244,77246],{"className":45,"code":77245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77247,77248,77268,77272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77249,77250,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77251,3971],{"class":58},[52,77253,63],{"class":62},[52,77255,755],{"class":66},[52,77257,2679],{"class":103},[52,77259,91],{"class":66},[52,77261,104],{"class":103},[52,77263,91],{"class":66},[52,77265,8148],{"class":103},[52,77267,766],{"class":66},[52,77269,77270],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77271,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,77273,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282,77284],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77275,142],{"class":141},[52,77277,145],{"class":66},[52,77279,4001],{"class":124},[52,77281,513],{"class":66},[52,77283,2484],{"class":103},[52,77285,913],{"class":66},[20,77287,77288,77289,121],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[257,77290,69410],{"href":69409},[38,77292,15302],{"id":77293},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77295,77296],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[234,77298,77299,77303,77305,77308,77314],{},[237,77300,5058,77301,75892],{},[15,77302,75577],{},[237,77304,60842],{},[237,77306,77307],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[237,77309,37344,77310,9059,77312],{},[15,77311,76212],{},[15,77313,73677],{},[237,77315,77316,77317,77319],{},"Using step ",[15,77318,2467],{},", which causes an error",[1335,77321,77323],{"id":77322},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[43,77325,77327],{"className":45,"code":77326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77328,77329,77357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77330,77331,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77332,3971],{"class":58},[52,77334,63],{"class":62},[52,77336,755],{"class":66},[52,77338,2679],{"class":103},[52,77340,91],{"class":66},[52,77342,104],{"class":103},[52,77344,91],{"class":66},[52,77346,8148],{"class":103},[52,77348,91],{"class":66},[52,77350,50990],{"class":103},[52,77352,91],{"class":66},[52,77354,5433],{"class":103},[52,77356,766],{"class":66},[52,77358,77359,77361,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77360,142],{"class":141},[52,77362,145],{"class":66},[52,77364,4001],{"class":124},[52,77366,513],{"class":66},[52,77368,3339],{"class":103},[52,77370,80],{"class":66},[52,77372,2855],{"class":103},[52,77374,913],{"class":66},[20,77376,77377],{},"This returns:",[43,77379,77381],{"className":45,"code":77380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77382,77383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77386,513],{"class":66},[52,77388,15880],{"class":103},[52,77390,91],{"class":66},[52,77392,8148],{"class":103},[52,77394,91],{"class":66},[52,77396,50990],{"class":103},[52,77398,766],{"class":66},[20,77400,41048,77401,77403,77404,77406,77407,121],{},[33,77402,1332],{}," include ",[15,77405,76945],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77408,2855],{},[1335,77410,77412],{"id":77411},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77414,16770],{},[43,77416,77418],{"className":45,"code":77417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77419,77420,77440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77423,3971],{"class":58},[52,77425,63],{"class":62},[52,77427,755],{"class":66},[52,77429,2679],{"class":103},[52,77431,91],{"class":66},[52,77433,104],{"class":103},[52,77435,91],{"class":66},[52,77437,8148],{"class":103},[52,77439,766],{"class":66},[52,77441,77442],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77443,77444],{"class":4017},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77446,77447],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[43,77449,77451],{"className":45,"code":77450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77452,77453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77454,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77456,142],{"class":141},[52,77458,145],{"class":66},[52,77460,4001],{"class":124},[52,77462,513],{"class":66},[52,77464,3339],{"class":103},[52,77466,80],{"class":66},[52,77468,2410],{"class":103},[52,77470,913],{"class":66},[1335,77472,77474],{"id":77473},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77476,77477],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[43,77479,77481],{"className":45,"code":77480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77482,77483,77507,77521,77525,77535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77486,3971],{"class":58},[52,77488,63],{"class":62},[52,77490,755],{"class":66},[52,77492,2679],{"class":103},[52,77494,91],{"class":66},[52,77496,104],{"class":103},[52,77498,91],{"class":66},[52,77500,8148],{"class":103},[52,77502,91],{"class":66},[52,77504,50990],{"class":103},[52,77506,766],{"class":66},[52,77508,77509,77511,77513,77515,77517,77519],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77510,75810],{"class":58},[52,77512,63],{"class":62},[52,77514,4617],{"class":58},[52,77516,75686],{"class":66},[52,77518,2404],{"class":103},[52,77520,766],{"class":66},[52,77522,77523],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77524,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,77526,77527,77529,77531,77533],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,77528,142],{"class":141},[52,77530,145],{"class":66},[52,77532,75833],{"class":124},[52,77534,151],{"class":66},[52,77536,77537,77539,77541,77543],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,77538,142],{"class":141},[52,77540,145],{"class":66},[52,77542,4001],{"class":124},[52,77544,151],{"class":66},[20,77546,173],{},[43,77548,77550],{"className":45,"code":77549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77551,77552,77564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77553,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77555,513],{"class":66},[52,77557,2679],{"class":103},[52,77559,91],{"class":66},[52,77561,104],{"class":103},[52,77563,766],{"class":66},[52,77565,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77567,513],{"class":66},[52,77569,2679],{"class":103},[52,77571,91],{"class":66},[52,77573,104],{"class":103},[52,77575,91],{"class":66},[52,77577,8148],{"class":103},[52,77579,91],{"class":66},[52,77581,50990],{"class":103},[52,77583,766],{"class":66},[20,77585,77586],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1335,77588,77590,77591,9059,77593],{"id":77589},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77592,76212],{},[15,77594,73677],{},[43,77596,77598],{"className":45,"code":77597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77599,77600,77620,77624,77641,77652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77601,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77603,3971],{"class":58},[52,77605,63],{"class":62},[52,77607,755],{"class":66},[52,77609,2679],{"class":103},[52,77611,91],{"class":66},[52,77613,104],{"class":103},[52,77615,91],{"class":66},[52,77617,8148],{"class":103},[52,77619,766],{"class":66},[52,77621,77622],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,77625,77626,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77627,77628],{"class":58},"reversed_copy ",[52,77630,63],{"class":62},[52,77632,4617],{"class":58},[52,77634,74273],{"class":66},[52,77636,2369],{"class":62},[52,77638,3339],{"class":103},[52,77640,766],{"class":66},[52,77642,77643,77645,77647,77650],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,77644,142],{"class":141},[52,77646,145],{"class":66},[52,77648,77649],{"class":124},"reversed_copy",[52,77651,151],{"class":66},[52,77653,77654,77656,77658,77660],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,77655,142],{"class":141},[52,77657,145],{"class":66},[52,77659,4001],{"class":124},[52,77661,151],{"class":66},[20,77663,173],{},[43,77665,77667],{"className":45,"code":77666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77668,77669,77685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77670,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679,77681,77683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77672,513],{"class":66},[52,77674,36981],{"class":103},[52,77676,91],{"class":66},[52,77678,104],{"class":103},[52,77680,91],{"class":66},[52,77682,1972],{"class":103},[52,77684,766],{"class":66},[52,77686,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77688,513],{"class":66},[52,77690,2679],{"class":103},[52,77692,91],{"class":66},[52,77694,104],{"class":103},[52,77696,91],{"class":66},[52,77698,8148],{"class":103},[52,77700,766],{"class":66},[20,77702,77703,77706],{},[15,77704,77705],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77708,77709,77710,77713],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77711,77712],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1335,77715,77717],{"id":77716},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77719,77720],{},"This is not allowed:",[43,77722,77724],{"className":45,"code":77723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77725,77726,77746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77727,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77729,3971],{"class":58},[52,77731,63],{"class":62},[52,77733,755],{"class":66},[52,77735,2679],{"class":103},[52,77737,91],{"class":66},[52,77739,104],{"class":103},[52,77741,91],{"class":66},[52,77743,8148],{"class":103},[52,77745,766],{"class":66},[52,77747,77748],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77749,77750],{"class":4017},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77752,77753,77754,121],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77755,40846],{},[38,77757,77759],{"id":77758},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77761,77762],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[234,77764,77765,77772,77778,77781,77784],{},[237,77766,37344,77767,2218,77769,77771],{},[15,77768,36211],{},[15,77770,75577],{}," positions",[237,77773,77774,77775,77777],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77776,75577],{}," index is included",[237,77779,77780],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[237,77782,77783],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[237,77785,77786],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77788,77789],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[43,77791,77793],{"className":45,"code":77792,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77794,77795,77805,77819,77837,77851,77868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77796,77797,77799,77801,77803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77798,142],{"class":141},[52,77800,145],{"class":66},[52,77802,8693],{"class":124},[52,77804,151],{"class":66},[52,77806,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,77808,142],{"class":141},[52,77810,145],{"class":66},[52,77812,11505],{"class":141},[52,77814,145],{"class":66},[52,77816,8693],{"class":124},[52,77818,2120],{"class":66},[52,77820,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77822,142],{"class":141},[52,77824,145],{"class":66},[52,77826,8693],{"class":124},[52,77828,513],{"class":66},[52,77830,3339],{"class":103},[52,77832,80],{"class":66},[52,77834,2855],{"class":103},[52,77836,913],{"class":66},[52,77838,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,77840,142],{"class":141},[52,77842,145],{"class":66},[52,77844,8693],{"class":124},[52,77846,75686],{"class":66},[52,77848,2410],{"class":103},[52,77850,913],{"class":66},[52,77852,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,77854,142],{"class":141},[52,77856,145],{"class":66},[52,77858,8693],{"class":124},[52,77860,513],{"class":66},[52,77862,2369],{"class":62},[52,77864,2410],{"class":103},[52,77866,77867],{"class":66},":])\n",[52,77869,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,77871,142],{"class":141},[52,77873,145],{"class":66},[52,77875,8693],{"class":124},[52,77877,74273],{"class":66},[52,77879,2369],{"class":62},[52,77881,3339],{"class":103},[52,77883,913],{"class":66},[20,77885,1326,77886,77888,77889,77893],{},[15,77887,42504],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[257,77890,77892],{"href":77891},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[38,77895,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,77897,77899],{"id":77898},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77901,77902],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1335,77904,77906],{"id":77905},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77908,77909],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1335,77911,5495,77913,40102],{"id":77912},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77914,76212],{},[20,77916,77917],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1335,77919,77921,77922,2221],{"id":77920},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77923,70882],{},[20,77925,77926],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[38,77928,2240],{"id":2239},[234,77930,77931,77936,77941,77945,77949,77953],{},[237,77932,77933],{},[257,77934,77935],{"href":51126},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[237,77937,77938],{},[257,77939,77940],{"href":57302},"How to create a list in Python",[237,77942,77943],{},[257,77944,2276],{"href":57368},[237,77946,77947],{},[257,77948,74958],{"href":74957},[237,77950,77951],{},[257,77952,77892],{"href":77891},[237,77954,77955],{},[257,77956,69410],{"href":69409},[20,77958,77959,77960,77962],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77961,42504],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2278,77964,77965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":77967},[77968,77969,77970,77971,77972,77973,77976,77980,77988,77989,77997],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":75741,"depth":110,"text":75742},{"id":75904,"depth":110,"text":75905},{"id":76166,"depth":110,"text":76167},{"id":76460,"depth":110,"text":76461},{"id":76706,"depth":110,"text":76707,"children":77974},[77975],{"id":76964,"depth":131,"text":76965},{"id":77018,"depth":110,"text":77019,"children":77977},[77978,77979],{"id":77025,"depth":131,"text":77026},{"id":77086,"depth":131,"text":77087},{"id":77293,"depth":110,"text":15302,"children":77981},[77982,77983,77984,77985,77987],{"id":77322,"depth":131,"text":77323},{"id":77411,"depth":131,"text":77412},{"id":77473,"depth":131,"text":77474},{"id":77589,"depth":131,"text":77986},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77716,"depth":131,"text":77717},{"id":77758,"depth":110,"text":77759},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":77990},[77991,77992,77993,77995],{"id":77898,"depth":131,"text":77899},{"id":77905,"depth":131,"text":77906},{"id":77912,"depth":131,"text":77994},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77920,"depth":131,"text":77996},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75564,"description":77998},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78005,"title":78006,"body":78007,"description":80076,"extension":2310,"meta":80077,"navigation":134,"path":80078,"seo":80079,"stem":80080,"__hash__":80081},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78008,"toc":80042},[78009,78014,78020,78026,78028,78075,78082,78087,78091,78106,78109,78162,78164,78189,78194,78196,78228,78231,78247,78249,78310,78312,78337,78341,78346,78399,78401,78426,78431,78492,78494,78519,78522,78529,78533,78536,78597,78599,78632,78635,78696,78698,78731,78737,78810,78812,78844,78851,78856,78861,78863,78875,78878,78956,78958,78999,79002,79076,79078,79111,79116,79123,79130,79134,79143,79147,79155,79157,79224,79226,79262,79267,79278,79280,79285,79290,79292,79355,79357,79382,79389,79394,79398,79401,79441,79446,79452,79457,79459,79486,79491,79494,79541,79543,79600,79607,79612,79618,79687,79691,79694,79757,79759,79792,79797,79799,79802,79883,79885,79909,79915,79917,79922,79926,79933,79941,79945,79947,79970,79974,79976,80003,80006,80013,80016,80018,80039],[10,78010,54490,78012,18],{"id":78011},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78013,64462],{},[20,78015,78016,78019],{},[15,78017,78018],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78021,78022,78023,78025],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78024,64462],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[38,78027,41],{"id":40},[43,78029,78031],{"className":45,"code":78030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78032,78033,78053,78063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78034,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78036,3971],{"class":58},[52,78038,63],{"class":62},[52,78040,755],{"class":66},[52,78042,2410],{"class":103},[52,78044,91],{"class":66},[52,78046,1364],{"class":103},[52,78048,91],{"class":66},[52,78050,1378],{"class":103},[52,78052,766],{"class":66},[52,78054,78055,78057,78059,78061],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78056,4001],{"class":58},[52,78058,121],{"class":66},[52,78060,34936],{"class":124},[52,78062,128],{"class":66},[52,78064,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78066,142],{"class":141},[52,78068,145],{"class":66},[52,78070,4001],{"class":124},[52,78072,4014],{"class":66},[52,78074,55080],{"class":4017},[20,78076,222,78077,78079,78080,121],{},[15,78078,78018],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78081,4133],{},[38,78083,4031,78085,4034],{"id":78084},"what-listsort-does",[15,78086,78018],{},[20,78088,78089,80],{},[15,78090,78018],{},[234,78092,78093,78096,78099,78103],{},[237,78094,78095],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[237,78097,78098],{},"Changes the original list",[237,78100,11763,78101],{},[15,78102,4133],{},[237,78104,78105],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78107,78108],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[43,78110,78112],{"className":45,"code":78111,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78113,78114,78138,78148,78152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78115,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78117,3971],{"class":58},[52,78119,63],{"class":62},[52,78121,755],{"class":66},[52,78123,2484],{"class":103},[52,78125,91],{"class":66},[52,78127,1378],{"class":103},[52,78129,91],{"class":66},[52,78131,54284],{"class":103},[52,78133,91],{"class":66},[52,78135,1364],{"class":103},[52,78137,766],{"class":66},[52,78139,78140,78142,78144,78146],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78141,4001],{"class":58},[52,78143,121],{"class":66},[52,78145,34936],{"class":124},[52,78147,128],{"class":66},[52,78149,78150],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78151,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78153,78154,78156,78158,78160],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78155,142],{"class":141},[52,78157,145],{"class":66},[52,78159,4001],{"class":124},[52,78161,151],{"class":66},[20,78163,173],{},[43,78165,78167],{"className":45,"code":78166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78168,78169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78170,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78172,513],{"class":66},[52,78174,3339],{"class":103},[52,78176,91],{"class":66},[52,78178,1378],{"class":103},[52,78180,91],{"class":66},[52,78182,4959],{"class":103},[52,78184,91],{"class":66},[52,78186,54284],{"class":103},[52,78188,766],{"class":66},[20,78190,78191,78192,121],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[257,78193,67228],{"href":51126},[38,78195,269],{"id":268},[43,78197,78199],{"className":45,"code":78198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78200,78201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78202,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78222,78224,78226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78204,8693],{"class":58},[52,78206,121],{"class":66},[52,78208,34936],{"class":124},[52,78210,145],{"class":66},[52,78212,2139],{"class":9529},[52,78214,63],{"class":62},[52,78216,4133],{"class":218},[52,78218,91],{"class":66},[52,78220,78221],{"class":9529}," reverse",[52,78223,63],{"class":62},[52,78225,1039],{"class":218},[52,78227,151],{"class":66},[20,78229,78230],{},"Main arguments:",[234,78232,78233,78238,78244],{},[237,78234,78235,78237],{},[15,78236,2139],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[237,78239,78240,78243],{},[15,78241,78242],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[237,78245,78246],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78248,309],{},[43,78250,78252],{"className":45,"code":78251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78253,78254,78278,78296,78300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78255,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78257,3971],{"class":58},[52,78259,63],{"class":62},[52,78261,755],{"class":66},[52,78263,2855],{"class":103},[52,78265,91],{"class":66},[52,78267,1364],{"class":103},[52,78269,91],{"class":66},[52,78271,6348],{"class":103},[52,78273,91],{"class":66},[52,78275,1378],{"class":103},[52,78277,766],{"class":66},[52,78279,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78281,4001],{"class":58},[52,78283,121],{"class":66},[52,78285,34936],{"class":124},[52,78287,145],{"class":66},[52,78289,73728],{"class":9529},[52,78291,63],{"class":62},[52,78293,1048],{"class":218},[52,78295,151],{"class":66},[52,78297,78298],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78299,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78301,78302,78304,78306,78308],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78303,142],{"class":141},[52,78305,145],{"class":66},[52,78307,4001],{"class":124},[52,78309,151],{"class":66},[20,78311,173],{},[43,78313,78315],{"className":45,"code":78314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78316,78317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78318,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78320,513],{"class":66},[52,78322,2372],{"class":103},[52,78324,91],{"class":66},[52,78326,2807],{"class":103},[52,78328,91],{"class":66},[52,78330,1378],{"class":103},[52,78332,91],{"class":66},[52,78334,1364],{"class":103},[52,78336,766],{"class":66},[38,78338,78340],{"id":78339},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78342,222,78343,78345],{},[15,78344,64462],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[43,78347,78349],{"className":45,"code":78348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78350,78351,78375,78385,78389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78352,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78354,3971],{"class":58},[52,78356,63],{"class":62},[52,78358,755],{"class":66},[52,78360,2679],{"class":103},[52,78362,91],{"class":66},[52,78364,2801],{"class":103},[52,78366,91],{"class":66},[52,78368,6714],{"class":103},[52,78370,91],{"class":66},[52,78372,1364],{"class":103},[52,78374,766],{"class":66},[52,78376,78377,78379,78381,78383],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78378,4001],{"class":58},[52,78380,121],{"class":66},[52,78382,34936],{"class":124},[52,78384,128],{"class":66},[52,78386,78387],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78388,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78390,78391,78393,78395,78397],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78392,142],{"class":141},[52,78394,145],{"class":66},[52,78396,4001],{"class":124},[52,78398,151],{"class":66},[20,78400,173],{},[43,78402,78404],{"className":45,"code":78403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78405,78406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78407,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78409,513],{"class":66},[52,78411,3339],{"class":103},[52,78413,91],{"class":66},[52,78415,2801],{"class":103},[52,78417,91],{"class":66},[52,78419,6714],{"class":103},[52,78421,91],{"class":66},[52,78423,1972],{"class":103},[52,78425,766],{"class":66},[20,78427,222,78428,78430],{},[15,78429,78242],{}," for descending order:",[43,78432,78434],{"className":45,"code":78433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78435,78436,78460,78478,78482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78437,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78439,3971],{"class":58},[52,78441,63],{"class":62},[52,78443,755],{"class":66},[52,78445,2679],{"class":103},[52,78447,91],{"class":66},[52,78449,2801],{"class":103},[52,78451,91],{"class":66},[52,78453,6714],{"class":103},[52,78455,91],{"class":66},[52,78457,1364],{"class":103},[52,78459,766],{"class":66},[52,78461,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78463,4001],{"class":58},[52,78465,121],{"class":66},[52,78467,34936],{"class":124},[52,78469,145],{"class":66},[52,78471,73728],{"class":9529},[52,78473,63],{"class":62},[52,78475,1048],{"class":218},[52,78477,151],{"class":66},[52,78479,78480],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78481,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78483,78484,78486,78488,78490],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78485,142],{"class":141},[52,78487,145],{"class":66},[52,78489,4001],{"class":124},[52,78491,151],{"class":66},[20,78493,173],{},[43,78495,78497],{"className":45,"code":78496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78498,78499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78500,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78502,513],{"class":66},[52,78504,2679],{"class":103},[52,78506,91],{"class":66},[52,78508,6714],{"class":103},[52,78510,91],{"class":66},[52,78512,2801],{"class":103},[52,78514,91],{"class":66},[52,78516,1364],{"class":103},[52,78518,766],{"class":66},[20,78520,78521],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78523,78524,78525,121],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[257,78526,78528],{"href":78527},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[38,78530,78532],{"id":78531},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78534,78535],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[43,78537,78539],{"className":45,"code":78538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78540,78541,78573,78583,78587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78542,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78544,4423],{"class":58},[52,78546,63],{"class":62},[52,78548,755],{"class":66},[52,78550,71],{"class":70},[52,78552,4441],{"class":74},[52,78554,71],{"class":70},[52,78556,91],{"class":66},[52,78558,83],{"class":70},[52,78560,4432],{"class":74},[52,78562,71],{"class":70},[52,78564,91],{"class":66},[52,78566,83],{"class":70},[52,78568,4450],{"class":74},[52,78570,71],{"class":70},[52,78572,766],{"class":66},[52,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78576,4467],{"class":58},[52,78578,121],{"class":66},[52,78580,34936],{"class":124},[52,78582,128],{"class":66},[52,78584,78585],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78586,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78588,78589,78591,78593,78595],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78590,142],{"class":141},[52,78592,145],{"class":66},[52,78594,4467],{"class":124},[52,78596,151],{"class":66},[20,78598,173],{},[43,78600,78602],{"className":45,"code":78601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78603,78604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78605,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78607,513],{"class":66},[52,78609,186],{"class":70},[52,78611,4432],{"class":74},[52,78613,186],{"class":70},[52,78615,91],{"class":66},[52,78617,195],{"class":70},[52,78619,4441],{"class":74},[52,78621,186],{"class":70},[52,78623,91],{"class":66},[52,78625,195],{"class":70},[52,78627,4450],{"class":74},[52,78629,186],{"class":70},[52,78631,766],{"class":66},[20,78633,78634],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[43,78636,78638],{"className":45,"code":78637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78639,78640,78672,78682,78686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78641,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78643,4423],{"class":58},[52,78645,63],{"class":62},[52,78647,755],{"class":66},[52,78649,71],{"class":70},[52,78651,4441],{"class":74},[52,78653,71],{"class":70},[52,78655,91],{"class":66},[52,78657,83],{"class":70},[52,78659,57917],{"class":74},[52,78661,71],{"class":70},[52,78663,91],{"class":66},[52,78665,83],{"class":70},[52,78667,4450],{"class":74},[52,78669,71],{"class":70},[52,78671,766],{"class":66},[52,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78675,4467],{"class":58},[52,78677,121],{"class":66},[52,78679,34936],{"class":124},[52,78681,128],{"class":66},[52,78683,78684],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78687,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78689,142],{"class":141},[52,78691,145],{"class":66},[52,78693,4467],{"class":124},[52,78695,151],{"class":66},[20,78697,173],{},[43,78699,78701],{"className":45,"code":78700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78702,78703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78704,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78706,513],{"class":66},[52,78708,186],{"class":70},[52,78710,57917],{"class":74},[52,78712,186],{"class":70},[52,78714,91],{"class":66},[52,78716,195],{"class":70},[52,78718,4441],{"class":74},[52,78720,186],{"class":70},[52,78722,91],{"class":66},[52,78724,195],{"class":70},[52,78726,4450],{"class":74},[52,78728,186],{"class":70},[52,78730,766],{"class":66},[20,78732,78733,78734,80],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78735,78736],{},"key=str.lower",[43,78738,78740],{"className":45,"code":78739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78741,78742,78774,78796,78800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78743,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78745,4423],{"class":58},[52,78747,63],{"class":62},[52,78749,755],{"class":66},[52,78751,71],{"class":70},[52,78753,4441],{"class":74},[52,78755,71],{"class":70},[52,78757,91],{"class":66},[52,78759,83],{"class":70},[52,78761,57917],{"class":74},[52,78763,71],{"class":70},[52,78765,91],{"class":66},[52,78767,83],{"class":70},[52,78769,4450],{"class":74},[52,78771,71],{"class":70},[52,78773,766],{"class":66},[52,78775,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78777,4467],{"class":58},[52,78779,121],{"class":66},[52,78781,34936],{"class":124},[52,78783,145],{"class":66},[52,78785,2139],{"class":9529},[52,78787,63],{"class":62},[52,78789,3795],{"class":3251},[52,78791,121],{"class":66},[52,78793,8995],{"class":24881},[52,78795,151],{"class":66},[52,78797,78798],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78799,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78801,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78803,142],{"class":141},[52,78805,145],{"class":66},[52,78807,4467],{"class":124},[52,78809,151],{"class":66},[20,78811,173],{},[43,78813,78814],{"className":45,"code":78700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,78815,78816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78817,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78819,513],{"class":66},[52,78821,186],{"class":70},[52,78823,57917],{"class":74},[52,78825,186],{"class":70},[52,78827,91],{"class":66},[52,78829,195],{"class":70},[52,78831,4441],{"class":74},[52,78833,186],{"class":70},[52,78835,91],{"class":66},[52,78837,195],{"class":70},[52,78839,4450],{"class":74},[52,78841,186],{"class":70},[52,78843,766],{"class":66},[20,78845,78846,78847,78850],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78848,78849],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[38,78852,36752,78854,36755],{"id":78853},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78855,2139],{},[20,78857,2327,78858,78860],{},[15,78859,2139],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78862,7696],{},[234,78864,78865,78870],{},[237,78866,78867,78869],{},[15,78868,11505],{}," to sort by length",[237,78871,78872,78874],{},[15,78873,78849],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78876,78877],{},"Sort words by length:",[43,78879,78881],{"className":45,"code":78880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78882,78883,78924,78942,78946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78884,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78886,4423],{"class":58},[52,78888,63],{"class":62},[52,78890,755],{"class":66},[52,78892,71],{"class":70},[52,78894,78895],{"class":74},"pear",[52,78897,71],{"class":70},[52,78899,91],{"class":66},[52,78901,83],{"class":70},[52,78903,4441],{"class":74},[52,78905,71],{"class":70},[52,78907,91],{"class":66},[52,78909,83],{"class":70},[52,78911,38499],{"class":74},[52,78913,71],{"class":70},[52,78915,91],{"class":66},[52,78917,83],{"class":70},[52,78919,4432],{"class":74},[52,78921,71],{"class":70},[52,78923,766],{"class":66},[52,78925,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,78927,4467],{"class":58},[52,78929,121],{"class":66},[52,78931,34936],{"class":124},[52,78933,145],{"class":66},[52,78935,2139],{"class":9529},[52,78937,63],{"class":62},[52,78939,11505],{"class":141},[52,78941,151],{"class":66},[52,78943,78944],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78945,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,78947,78948,78950,78952,78954],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,78949,142],{"class":141},[52,78951,145],{"class":66},[52,78953,4467],{"class":124},[52,78955,151],{"class":66},[20,78957,173],{},[43,78959,78961],{"className":45,"code":78960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78962,78963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78964,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78966,513],{"class":66},[52,78968,186],{"class":70},[52,78970,38499],{"class":74},[52,78972,186],{"class":70},[52,78974,91],{"class":66},[52,78976,195],{"class":70},[52,78978,78895],{"class":74},[52,78980,186],{"class":70},[52,78982,91],{"class":66},[52,78984,195],{"class":70},[52,78986,4432],{"class":74},[52,78988,186],{"class":70},[52,78990,91],{"class":66},[52,78992,195],{"class":70},[52,78994,4441],{"class":74},[52,78996,186],{"class":70},[52,78998,766],{"class":66},[20,79000,79001],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[43,79003,79005],{"className":45,"code":79004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79006,79007,79040,79062,79066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79008,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79036,79038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79010,4423],{"class":58},[52,79012,63],{"class":62},[52,79014,755],{"class":66},[52,79016,71],{"class":70},[52,79018,5365],{"class":74},[52,79020,71],{"class":70},[52,79022,91],{"class":66},[52,79024,83],{"class":70},[52,79026,17931],{"class":74},[52,79028,71],{"class":70},[52,79030,91],{"class":66},[52,79032,83],{"class":70},[52,79034,79035],{"class":74},"Carol",[52,79037,71],{"class":70},[52,79039,766],{"class":66},[52,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79043,4467],{"class":58},[52,79045,121],{"class":66},[52,79047,34936],{"class":124},[52,79049,145],{"class":66},[52,79051,2139],{"class":9529},[52,79053,63],{"class":62},[52,79055,3795],{"class":3251},[52,79057,121],{"class":66},[52,79059,8995],{"class":24881},[52,79061,151],{"class":66},[52,79063,79064],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79065,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79067,79068,79070,79072,79074],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79069,142],{"class":141},[52,79071,145],{"class":66},[52,79073,4467],{"class":124},[52,79075,151],{"class":66},[20,79077,173],{},[43,79079,79081],{"className":45,"code":79080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79082,79083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79084,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79086,513],{"class":66},[52,79088,186],{"class":70},[52,79090,17931],{"class":74},[52,79092,186],{"class":70},[52,79094,91],{"class":66},[52,79096,195],{"class":70},[52,79098,5365],{"class":74},[52,79100,186],{"class":70},[52,79102,91],{"class":66},[52,79104,195],{"class":70},[52,79106,79035],{"class":74},[52,79108,186],{"class":70},[52,79110,766],{"class":66},[20,79112,2327,79113,79115],{},[15,79114,2139],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[38,79117,79119,10931,79121],{"id":79118},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79120,78018],{},[15,79122,74575],{},[20,79124,79125,2218,79127,79129],{},[15,79126,78018],{},[15,79128,74575],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79131,79132,80],{},[15,79133,78018],{},[234,79135,79136,79139],{},[237,79137,79138],{},"Changes the existing list",[237,79140,11763,79141],{},[15,79142,4133],{},[20,79144,79145,80],{},[15,79146,74575],{},[234,79148,79149,79152],{},[237,79150,79151],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[237,79153,79154],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79156,309],{},[43,79158,79160],{"className":45,"code":79159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79161,79162,79182,79186,79200,79204,79214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79163,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79165,3971],{"class":58},[52,79167,63],{"class":62},[52,79169,755],{"class":66},[52,79171,2410],{"class":103},[52,79173,91],{"class":66},[52,79175,1364],{"class":103},[52,79177,91],{"class":66},[52,79179,1378],{"class":103},[52,79181,766],{"class":66},[52,79183,79184],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79185,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79187,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79189,56038],{"class":58},[52,79191,63],{"class":62},[52,79193,74709],{"class":141},[52,79195,145],{"class":66},[52,79197,4001],{"class":124},[52,79199,151],{"class":66},[52,79201,79202],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79203,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,79207,142],{"class":141},[52,79209,145],{"class":66},[52,79211,4001],{"class":124},[52,79213,151],{"class":66},[52,79215,79216,79218,79220,79222],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,79217,142],{"class":141},[52,79219,145],{"class":66},[52,79221,74432],{"class":124},[52,79223,151],{"class":66},[20,79225,173],{},[43,79227,79228],{"className":45,"code":74744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,79229,79230,79246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79231,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79233,513],{"class":66},[52,79235,2410],{"class":103},[52,79237,91],{"class":66},[52,79239,1364],{"class":103},[52,79241,91],{"class":66},[52,79243,1378],{"class":103},[52,79245,766],{"class":66},[52,79247,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79249,513],{"class":66},[52,79251,3339],{"class":103},[52,79253,91],{"class":66},[52,79255,1378],{"class":103},[52,79257,91],{"class":66},[52,79259,2801],{"class":103},[52,79261,766],{"class":66},[20,79263,222,79264,79266],{},[15,79265,74575],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79268,79269,79270,2218,79274,121],{},"You can learn more in ",[257,79271,3928,79272,6137],{"href":74672},[15,79273,74575],{},[257,79275,79277],{"href":79276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[38,79279,2022],{"id":2021},[20,79281,79282,79283,121],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79284,78018],{},[1335,79286,12920,79288],{"id":79287},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79289,64462],{},[20,79291,25822],{},[43,79293,79295],{"className":45,"code":79294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79296,79297,79317,79331,79335,79345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79298,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79300,3971],{"class":58},[52,79302,63],{"class":62},[52,79304,755],{"class":66},[52,79306,2410],{"class":103},[52,79308,91],{"class":66},[52,79310,1364],{"class":103},[52,79312,91],{"class":66},[52,79314,1378],{"class":103},[52,79316,766],{"class":66},[52,79318,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79320,2577],{"class":58},[52,79322,63],{"class":62},[52,79324,4617],{"class":58},[52,79326,121],{"class":66},[52,79328,34936],{"class":124},[52,79330,128],{"class":66},[52,79332,79333],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79334,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79336,79337,79339,79341,79343],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79338,142],{"class":141},[52,79340,145],{"class":66},[52,79342,2612],{"class":124},[52,79344,151],{"class":66},[52,79346,79347,79349,79351,79353],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,79348,142],{"class":141},[52,79350,145],{"class":66},[52,79352,4001],{"class":124},[52,79354,151],{"class":66},[20,79356,173],{},[43,79358,79360],{"className":45,"code":79359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79361,79362,79366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79363,79364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79365,12141],{"class":218},[52,79367,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79369,513],{"class":66},[52,79371,3339],{"class":103},[52,79373,91],{"class":66},[52,79375,1378],{"class":103},[52,79377,91],{"class":66},[52,79379,2801],{"class":103},[52,79381,766],{"class":66},[20,79383,79384,79386,79387,121],{},[15,79385,64462],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79388,4133],{},[20,79390,79391,79392,6983],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79393,74575],{},[1335,79395,79397],{"id":79396},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79399,79400],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[43,79402,79404],{"className":45,"code":79403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79405,79406,79431],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79407,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79423,79425,79427,79429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79409,8133],{"class":58},[52,79411,63],{"class":62},[52,79413,755],{"class":66},[52,79415,3339],{"class":103},[52,79417,91],{"class":66},[52,79419,83],{"class":70},[52,79421,79422],{"class":74},"two",[52,79424,71],{"class":70},[52,79426,91],{"class":66},[52,79428,2801],{"class":103},[52,79430,766],{"class":66},[52,79432,79433,79435,79437,79439],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79434,8163],{"class":58},[52,79436,121],{"class":66},[52,79438,34936],{"class":124},[52,79440,128],{"class":66},[20,79442,3352,79443,79445],{},[15,79444,3355],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1335,79447,5058,79449,79451],{"id":79448},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79450,64462],{}," only works on lists",[20,79453,79454,79456],{},[15,79455,64462],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79458,16770],{},[43,79460,79462],{"className":45,"code":79461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79463,79464,79476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79465,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79467,34824],{"class":58},[52,79469,63],{"class":62},[52,79471,83],{"class":70},[52,79473,47],{"class":74},[52,79475,3710],{"class":70},[52,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79479,34845],{"class":58},[52,79481,121],{"class":66},[52,79483,34936],{"class":124},[52,79485,128],{"class":66},[20,79487,79488,79489,33736],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79490,64462],{},[20,79492,79493],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[43,79495,79497],{"className":45,"code":79496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79498,79499,79517,79527,79531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79500,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79502,36229],{"class":58},[52,79504,63],{"class":62},[52,79506,22690],{"class":3251},[52,79508,145],{"class":66},[52,79510,71],{"class":70},[52,79512,47],{"class":74},[52,79514,71],{"class":70},[52,79516,151],{"class":66},[52,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79520,36282],{"class":58},[52,79522,121],{"class":66},[52,79524,34936],{"class":124},[52,79526,128],{"class":66},[52,79528,79529],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79530,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79534,142],{"class":141},[52,79536,145],{"class":66},[52,79538,36282],{"class":124},[52,79540,151],{"class":66},[20,79542,173],{},[43,79544,79546],{"className":45,"code":79545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79547,79548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79549,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79551,513],{"class":66},[52,79553,186],{"class":70},[52,79555,60588],{"class":74},[52,79557,186],{"class":70},[52,79559,91],{"class":66},[52,79561,195],{"class":70},[52,79563,76181],{"class":74},[52,79565,186],{"class":70},[52,79567,91],{"class":66},[52,79569,195],{"class":70},[52,79571,60623],{"class":74},[52,79573,186],{"class":70},[52,79575,91],{"class":66},[52,79577,195],{"class":70},[52,79579,20],{"class":74},[52,79581,186],{"class":70},[52,79583,91],{"class":66},[52,79585,195],{"class":70},[52,79587,63437],{"class":74},[52,79589,186],{"class":70},[52,79591,91],{"class":66},[52,79593,195],{"class":70},[52,79595,1371],{"class":74},[52,79597,186],{"class":70},[52,79599,766],{"class":66},[1335,79601,79603,79604,79606],{"id":79602},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79605,2139],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79608,79609,79610,121],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79611,2139],{},[20,79613,79614,79615,79617],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79616,64462],{}," will not do that:",[43,79619,79621],{"className":45,"code":79620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79622,79623,79655,79673,79677],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79624,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79626,4423],{"class":58},[52,79628,63],{"class":62},[52,79630,755],{"class":66},[52,79632,71],{"class":70},[52,79634,4441],{"class":74},[52,79636,71],{"class":70},[52,79638,91],{"class":66},[52,79640,83],{"class":70},[52,79642,38499],{"class":74},[52,79644,71],{"class":70},[52,79646,91],{"class":66},[52,79648,83],{"class":70},[52,79650,4432],{"class":74},[52,79652,71],{"class":70},[52,79654,766],{"class":66},[52,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79658,4467],{"class":58},[52,79660,121],{"class":66},[52,79662,34936],{"class":124},[52,79664,145],{"class":66},[52,79666,2139],{"class":9529},[52,79668,63],{"class":62},[52,79670,11505],{"class":141},[52,79672,151],{"class":66},[52,79674,79675],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79676,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79678,79679,79681,79683,79685],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79680,142],{"class":141},[52,79682,145],{"class":66},[52,79684,4467],{"class":124},[52,79686,151],{"class":66},[1335,79688,79690],{"id":79689},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79692,79693],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[43,79695,79697],{"className":45,"code":79696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79698,79699,79733,79743,79747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79700,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79729,79731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79702,4423],{"class":58},[52,79704,63],{"class":62},[52,79706,755],{"class":66},[52,79708,71],{"class":70},[52,79710,79711],{"class":74},"zebra",[52,79713,71],{"class":70},[52,79715,91],{"class":66},[52,79717,83],{"class":70},[52,79719,57917],{"class":74},[52,79721,71],{"class":70},[52,79723,91],{"class":66},[52,79725,83],{"class":70},[52,79727,79728],{"class":74},"monkey",[52,79730,71],{"class":70},[52,79732,766],{"class":66},[52,79734,79735,79737,79739,79741],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79736,4467],{"class":58},[52,79738,121],{"class":66},[52,79740,34936],{"class":124},[52,79742,128],{"class":66},[52,79744,79745],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79746,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,79748,79749,79751,79753,79755],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79750,142],{"class":141},[52,79752,145],{"class":66},[52,79754,4467],{"class":124},[52,79756,151],{"class":66},[20,79758,173],{},[43,79760,79762],{"className":45,"code":79761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79763,79764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79765,79766,79768,79770,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782,79784,79786,79788,79790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79767,513],{"class":66},[52,79769,186],{"class":70},[52,79771,57917],{"class":74},[52,79773,186],{"class":70},[52,79775,91],{"class":66},[52,79777,195],{"class":70},[52,79779,79728],{"class":74},[52,79781,186],{"class":70},[52,79783,91],{"class":66},[52,79785,195],{"class":70},[52,79787,79711],{"class":74},[52,79789,186],{"class":70},[52,79791,766],{"class":66},[20,79793,222,79794,79796],{},[15,79795,78736],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1335,79798,60860],{"id":60859},[20,79800,79801],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,79803,79805],{"className":45,"code":79804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79806,79807,79817,79831,79845,79859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79808,79809,79811,79813,79815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79810,142],{"class":141},[52,79812,145],{"class":66},[52,79814,8693],{"class":124},[52,79816,151],{"class":66},[52,79818,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,79820,142],{"class":141},[52,79822,145],{"class":66},[52,79824,3573],{"class":3251},[52,79826,145],{"class":66},[52,79828,8693],{"class":124},[52,79830,2120],{"class":66},[52,79832,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841,79843],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79834,142],{"class":141},[52,79836,145],{"class":66},[52,79838,8693],{"class":124},[52,79840,121],{"class":66},[52,79842,34936],{"class":124},[52,79844,7547],{"class":66},[52,79846,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79848,142],{"class":141},[52,79850,145],{"class":66},[52,79852,74665],{"class":141},[52,79854,145],{"class":66},[52,79856,8693],{"class":124},[52,79858,2120],{"class":66},[52,79860,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,79862,142],{"class":141},[52,79864,3336],{"class":66},[52,79866,3573],{"class":3251},[52,79868,145],{"class":66},[52,79870,23441],{"class":124},[52,79872,4014],{"class":66},[52,79874,4232],{"class":163},[52,79876,6315],{"class":124},[52,79878,4238],{"class":163},[52,79880,8750],{"class":124},[52,79882,913],{"class":66},[20,79884,11514],{},[234,79886,79887,79890,79893,79900,79906],{},[237,79888,79889],{},"What values are in the list",[237,79891,79892],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[237,79894,79895,79896,2746,79898],{},"That ",[15,79897,64462],{},[15,79899,4133],{},[237,79901,79902,79903,79905],{},"Whether ",[15,79904,74575],{}," works better for your case",[237,79907,79908],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79910,79911,79912,79914],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79913,3355],{}," problems.",[38,79916,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,79918,2195,79920,55617],{"id":79919},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79921,78018],{},[20,79923,62753,79924,121],{},[15,79925,4133],{},[1335,79927,2215,79929,2218,79931,2221],{"id":79928},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79930,64462],{},[15,79932,74575],{},[20,79934,79935,79937,79938,79940],{},[15,79936,64462],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79939,74575],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1335,79942,79944],{"id":79943},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79946,18823],{},[43,79948,79950],{"className":45,"code":79949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79951,79952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79953,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79955,8693],{"class":58},[52,79957,121],{"class":66},[52,79959,34936],{"class":124},[52,79961,145],{"class":66},[52,79963,73728],{"class":9529},[52,79965,63],{"class":62},[52,79967,1048],{"class":218},[52,79969,151],{"class":66},[1335,79971,79973],{"id":79972},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79975,18823],{},[43,79977,79979],{"className":45,"code":79978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79980,79981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79982,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79984,8693],{"class":58},[52,79986,121],{"class":66},[52,79988,34936],{"class":124},[52,79990,145],{"class":66},[52,79992,2139],{"class":9529},[52,79994,63],{"class":62},[52,79996,3795],{"class":3251},[52,79998,121],{"class":66},[52,80000,8995],{"class":24881},[52,80002,151],{"class":66},[20,80004,80005],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1335,80007,80009,80010,80012],{"id":80008},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80011,3355],{}," when sorting?",[20,80014,80015],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[38,80017,2240],{"id":2239},[234,80019,80020,80025,80031,80035],{},[237,80021,80022],{},[257,80023,80024],{"href":78527},"How to sort a list in Python",[237,80026,80027],{},[257,80028,3928,80029,6137],{"href":74672},[15,80030,74575],{},[237,80032,80033],{},[257,80034,67228],{"href":51126},[237,80036,80037],{},[257,80038,79277],{"href":79276},[2278,80040,80041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":80043},[80044,80045,80047,80048,80049,80050,80052,80054,80065,80075],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":78084,"depth":110,"text":80046},"What list.sort() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":78339,"depth":110,"text":78340},{"id":78531,"depth":110,"text":78532},{"id":78853,"depth":110,"text":80051},"Using the key argument",{"id":79118,"depth":110,"text":80053},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":80055},[80056,80058,80059,80061,80063,80064],{"id":79287,"depth":131,"text":80057},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79396,"depth":131,"text":79397},{"id":79448,"depth":131,"text":80060},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79602,"depth":131,"text":80062},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79689,"depth":131,"text":79690},{"id":60859,"depth":131,"text":60860},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":80066},[80067,80069,80071,80072,80073],{"id":79919,"depth":131,"text":80068},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79928,"depth":131,"text":80070},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79943,"depth":131,"text":79944},{"id":79972,"depth":131,"text":79973},{"id":80008,"depth":131,"text":80074},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78006,"description":80076},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80083,"title":80084,"body":80085,"description":82716,"extension":2310,"meta":82717,"navigation":134,"path":82718,"seo":82719,"stem":82720,"__hash__":82721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80086,"toc":82675},[80087,80092,80097,80100,80111,80114,80134,80136,80198,80200,80241,80250,80255,80260,80266,80277,80279,80298,80301,80306,80311,80313,80318,80332,80334,80352,80355,80372,80375,80381,80404,80409,80411,80414,80475,80477,80510,80512,80551,80559,80569,80575,80580,80673,80675,80699,80701,80719,80722,80753,80759,80764,80767,80769,80894,80896,80920,80922,80941,80947,80953,81072,81074,81091,81098,81104,81109,81116,81122,81124,81181,81184,81205,81208,81211,81272,81274,81307,81311,81381,81383,81400,81404,81407,81482,81484,81521,81524,81527,81598,81600,81661,81666,81671,81674,81688,81690,81763,81765,81785,81788,81791,81848,81910,81913,81945,81948,81963,81968,81970,81976,81979,82035,82038,82040,82059,82063,82065,82109,82118,82120,82180,82184,82187,82189,82282,82284,82399,82403,82405,82479,82482,82485,82487,82492,82557,82559,82583,82593,82595,82601,82610,82619,82628,82634,82637,82641,82644,82646,82672],[10,80088,3928,80090,3932],{"id":80089},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80091,39858],{},[20,80093,3935,80094,80096],{},[15,80095,39858],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80098,80099],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[234,80101,80102,80105,80108],{},[237,80103,80104],{},"converting numbers to strings",[237,80106,80107],{},"changing strings to integers",[237,80109,80110],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80112,80113],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[234,80115,80116,80123,80129],{},[237,80117,80118,1329,80120,80122],{},[15,80119,39858],{},[33,80121,1332],{}," return a list in Python 3",[237,80124,80125,80126],{},"it returns a ",[33,80127,80128],{},"map object",[237,80130,80131,80132],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80133,24912],{},[38,80135,41],{"id":40},[43,80137,80139],{"className":45,"code":80138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80140,80141,80165,80184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80142,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80144,3971],{"class":58},[52,80146,63],{"class":62},[52,80148,755],{"class":66},[52,80150,3339],{"class":103},[52,80152,91],{"class":66},[52,80154,1378],{"class":103},[52,80156,91],{"class":66},[52,80158,2801],{"class":103},[52,80160,91],{"class":66},[52,80162,2807],{"class":103},[52,80164,766],{"class":66},[52,80166,80167,80169,80171,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,80168,2577],{"class":58},[52,80170,63],{"class":62},[52,80172,80173],{"class":141}," map",[52,80175,145],{"class":66},[52,80177,3795],{"class":3251},[52,80179,91],{"class":66},[52,80181,4617],{"class":124},[52,80183,151],{"class":66},[52,80185,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80187,142],{"class":141},[52,80189,145],{"class":66},[52,80191,8448],{"class":3251},[52,80193,145],{"class":66},[52,80195,2612],{"class":124},[52,80197,2120],{"class":66},[20,80199,173],{},[43,80201,80203],{"className":45,"code":80202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80204,80205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80206,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80208,513],{"class":66},[52,80210,186],{"class":70},[52,80212,3339],{"class":74},[52,80214,186],{"class":70},[52,80216,91],{"class":66},[52,80218,195],{"class":70},[52,80220,2404],{"class":74},[52,80222,186],{"class":70},[52,80224,91],{"class":66},[52,80226,195],{"class":70},[52,80228,2410],{"class":74},[52,80230,186],{"class":70},[52,80232,91],{"class":66},[52,80234,195],{"class":70},[52,80236,2855],{"class":74},[52,80238,186],{"class":70},[52,80240,766],{"class":66},[20,80242,222,80243,80246,80247,80249],{},[15,80244,80245],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80248,24912],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[38,80251,4031,80253,4034],{"id":80252},"what-map-does",[15,80254,39858],{},[20,80256,80257,80259],{},[15,80258,39858],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80261,80262,80263,80265],{},"An ",[33,80264,4075],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[234,80267,80268,80270,80272,80274],{},[237,80269,38042],{},[237,80271,38045],{},[237,80273,38048],{},[237,80275,80276],{},"a range object",[20,80278,30859],{},[43,80280,80282],{"className":45,"code":80281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80283,80284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80285,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80287,40001],{"class":141},[52,80289,145],{"class":66},[52,80291,38001],{"class":124},[52,80293,91],{"class":66},[52,80295,38006],{"class":124},[52,80297,151],{"class":66},[20,80299,80300],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80302,80303,80304,33877],{},"Important: the result is a ",[33,80305,80128],{},[20,80307,80308,80309,121],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[257,80310,5489],{"href":5488},[38,80312,269],{"id":268},[20,80314,80315,80317],{},[15,80316,39858],{}," needs at least two parts:",[234,80319,80320,80326],{},[237,80321,80322,80325],{},[33,80323,80324],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[237,80327,80328,80331],{},[33,80329,80330],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80333,4060],{},[43,80335,80336],{"className":45,"code":80281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80337,80338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80339,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80341,40001],{"class":141},[52,80343,145],{"class":66},[52,80345,38001],{"class":124},[52,80347,91],{"class":66},[52,80349,38006],{"class":124},[52,80351,151],{"class":66},[20,80353,80354],{},"You can pass:",[234,80356,80357,80366,80369],{},[237,80358,80359,80360,2536,80362,2540,80364],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80361,3795],{},[15,80363,2535],{},[15,80365,2364],{},[237,80367,80368],{},"your own custom function",[237,80370,80371],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80373,80374],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80376,80377,80378,80380],{},"You will often see ",[15,80379,39858],{}," used like this:",[43,80382,80384],{"className":45,"code":80383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80385,80386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80387,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80389,8448],{"class":3251},[52,80391,145],{"class":66},[52,80393,40001],{"class":141},[52,80395,145],{"class":66},[52,80397,38001],{"class":124},[52,80399,91],{"class":66},[52,80401,4241],{"class":124},[52,80403,2120],{"class":66},[20,80405,7029,80406,80408],{},[15,80407,24912],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[38,80410,438],{"id":437},[20,80412,80413],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[43,80415,80417],{"className":45,"code":80416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80418,80419,80439,80457,80461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80420,80421,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80422,3971],{"class":58},[52,80424,63],{"class":62},[52,80426,755],{"class":66},[52,80428,2679],{"class":103},[52,80430,91],{"class":66},[52,80432,104],{"class":103},[52,80434,91],{"class":66},[52,80436,8148],{"class":103},[52,80438,766],{"class":66},[52,80440,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,80442,2577],{"class":58},[52,80444,63],{"class":62},[52,80446,80173],{"class":141},[52,80448,145],{"class":66},[52,80450,3795],{"class":3251},[52,80452,91],{"class":66},[52,80454,4617],{"class":124},[52,80456,151],{"class":66},[52,80458,80459],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80460,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80462,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,80464,142],{"class":141},[52,80466,145],{"class":66},[52,80468,8448],{"class":3251},[52,80470,145],{"class":66},[52,80472,2612],{"class":124},[52,80474,2120],{"class":66},[20,80476,173],{},[43,80478,80480],{"className":45,"code":80479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80481,80482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80483,80484,80486,80488,80490,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80485,513],{"class":66},[52,80487,186],{"class":70},[52,80489,2679],{"class":74},[52,80491,186],{"class":70},[52,80493,91],{"class":66},[52,80495,195],{"class":70},[52,80497,15880],{"class":74},[52,80499,186],{"class":70},[52,80501,91],{"class":66},[52,80503,195],{"class":70},[52,80505,36981],{"class":74},[52,80507,186],{"class":70},[52,80509,766],{"class":66},[20,80511,12017],{},[234,80513,80514,80519,80527,80535,80543],{},[237,80515,80516,80518],{},[15,80517,4001],{}," contains integers",[237,80520,80521,80524,80525],{},[15,80522,80523],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80526,47829],{},[237,80528,80529,42298,80532],{},[15,80530,80531],{},"str(10)",[15,80533,80534],{},"'10'",[237,80536,80537,42298,80540],{},[15,80538,80539],{},"str(20)",[15,80541,80542],{},"'20'",[237,80544,80545,42298,80548],{},[15,80546,80547],{},"str(30)",[15,80549,80550],{},"'30'",[20,80552,53801,80553,80555,80556,80558],{},[15,80554,39858],{}," applies ",[15,80557,47829],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80560,80561,80562,80564,80565,121],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80563,24912],{}," better, see ",[257,80566,3928,80567,3861],{"href":64998},[15,80568,24912],{},[38,80570,1326,80572,80574],{"id":80571},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80573,39858],{}," with your own function",[20,80576,15840,80577,80579],{},[15,80578,39858],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[43,80581,80583],{"className":45,"code":80582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80584,80585,80598,80608,80612,80636,80655,80659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80586,80587,80589,80592,80594,80596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80588,34988],{"class":2413},[52,80590,80591],{"class":34991}," double",[52,80593,145],{"class":66},[52,80595,1357],{"class":37803},[52,80597,8696],{"class":66},[52,80599,80600,80602,80604,80606],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,80601,34999],{"class":163},[52,80603,4235],{"class":58},[52,80605,40014],{"class":62},[52,80607,45734],{"class":103},[52,80609,80610],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80611,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80613,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,80615,3971],{"class":58},[52,80617,63],{"class":62},[52,80619,755],{"class":66},[52,80621,3339],{"class":103},[52,80623,91],{"class":66},[52,80625,1378],{"class":103},[52,80627,91],{"class":66},[52,80629,2801],{"class":103},[52,80631,91],{"class":66},[52,80633,2807],{"class":103},[52,80635,766],{"class":66},[52,80637,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646,80649,80651,80653],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,80639,2577],{"class":58},[52,80641,63],{"class":62},[52,80643,80173],{"class":141},[52,80645,145],{"class":66},[52,80647,80648],{"class":124},"double",[52,80650,91],{"class":66},[52,80652,4617],{"class":124},[52,80654,151],{"class":66},[52,80656,80657],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,80658,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80660,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,80662,142],{"class":141},[52,80664,145],{"class":66},[52,80666,8448],{"class":3251},[52,80668,145],{"class":66},[52,80670,2612],{"class":124},[52,80672,2120],{"class":66},[20,80674,173],{},[43,80676,80677],{"className":45,"code":40027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80678,80679],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80680,80681,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80682,513],{"class":66},[52,80684,2404],{"class":103},[52,80686,91],{"class":66},[52,80688,2807],{"class":103},[52,80690,91],{"class":66},[52,80692,37784],{"class":103},[52,80694,91],{"class":66},[52,80696,6714],{"class":103},[52,80698,766],{"class":66},[20,80700,65735],{},[234,80702,80703,80710,80716],{},[237,80704,80705,80707,80708],{},[15,80706,39858],{}," takes the function ",[15,80709,80648],{},[237,80711,80712,80713,80715],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80714,4001],{}," into that function",[237,80717,80718],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80720,80721],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[234,80723,80724,80731,80738,80746],{},[237,80725,80726,6426,80729],{},[15,80727,80728],{},"double(1)",[15,80730,2404],{},[237,80732,80733,6426,80736],{},[15,80734,80735],{},"double(2)",[15,80737,2855],{},[237,80739,80740,6426,80743],{},[15,80741,80742],{},"double(3)",[15,80744,80745],{},"6",[237,80747,80748,6426,80751],{},[15,80749,80750],{},"double(4)",[15,80752,2694],{},[38,80754,1326,80756,80758],{"id":80755},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80757,39858],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80760,80761,80763],{},[15,80762,39858],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80765,80766],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80768,309],{},[43,80770,80772],{"className":45,"code":80771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80773,80774,80791,80801,80805,80826,80847,80851,80876,80880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80775,80776,80778,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80777,34988],{"class":2413},[52,80779,80780],{"class":34991}," add_numbers",[52,80782,145],{"class":66},[52,80784,257],{"class":37803},[52,80786,91],{"class":66},[52,80788,2910],{"class":37803},[52,80790,8696],{"class":66},[52,80792,80793,80795,80797,80799],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,80794,34999],{"class":163},[52,80796,44689],{"class":58},[52,80798,2407],{"class":62},[52,80800,36321],{"class":58},[52,80802,80803],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80804,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80806,80807,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,80808,80809],{"class":58},"list1 ",[52,80811,63],{"class":62},[52,80813,755],{"class":66},[52,80815,3339],{"class":103},[52,80817,91],{"class":66},[52,80819,1378],{"class":103},[52,80821,91],{"class":66},[52,80823,2801],{"class":103},[52,80825,766],{"class":66},[52,80827,80828,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,80829,80830],{"class":58},"list2 ",[52,80832,63],{"class":62},[52,80834,755],{"class":66},[52,80836,2679],{"class":103},[52,80838,91],{"class":66},[52,80840,104],{"class":103},[52,80842,91],{"class":66},[52,80844,8148],{"class":103},[52,80846,766],{"class":66},[52,80848,80849],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,80850,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80852,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80864,80866,80869,80871,80874],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,80854,2577],{"class":58},[52,80856,63],{"class":62},[52,80858,80173],{"class":141},[52,80860,145],{"class":66},[52,80862,80863],{"class":124},"add_numbers",[52,80865,91],{"class":66},[52,80867,80868],{"class":124}," list1",[52,80870,91],{"class":66},[52,80872,80873],{"class":124}," list2",[52,80875,151],{"class":66},[52,80877,80878],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,80879,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80881,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,80883,142],{"class":141},[52,80885,145],{"class":66},[52,80887,8448],{"class":3251},[52,80889,145],{"class":66},[52,80891,2612],{"class":124},[52,80893,2120],{"class":66},[20,80895,173],{},[43,80897,80899],{"className":45,"code":80898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80900,80901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80902,80903,80905,80908,80910,80913,80915,80918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80904,513],{"class":66},[52,80906,80907],{"class":103},"11",[52,80909,91],{"class":66},[52,80911,80912],{"class":103}," 22",[52,80914,91],{"class":66},[52,80916,80917],{"class":103}," 33",[52,80919,766],{"class":66},[20,80921,2525],{},[234,80923,80924,80930,80936],{},[237,80925,80926,80927],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80928,80929],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[237,80931,80932,80933],{},"then ",[15,80934,80935],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[237,80937,80932,80938],{},[15,80939,80940],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1335,80942,80944,80946],{"id":80943},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80945,39858],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80948,80949,80950,80952],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80951,39858],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[43,80954,80956],{"className":45,"code":80955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80957,80958,80974,80984,80988,81012,81028,81032,81054,81058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80959,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80961,34988],{"class":2413},[52,80963,80780],{"class":34991},[52,80965,145],{"class":66},[52,80967,257],{"class":37803},[52,80969,91],{"class":66},[52,80971,2910],{"class":37803},[52,80973,8696],{"class":66},[52,80975,80976,80978,80980,80982],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,80977,34999],{"class":163},[52,80979,44689],{"class":58},[52,80981,2407],{"class":62},[52,80983,36321],{"class":58},[52,80985,80986],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80987,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,80989,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,80991,80809],{"class":58},[52,80993,63],{"class":62},[52,80995,755],{"class":66},[52,80997,3339],{"class":103},[52,80999,91],{"class":66},[52,81001,1378],{"class":103},[52,81003,91],{"class":66},[52,81005,2801],{"class":103},[52,81007,91],{"class":66},[52,81009,2807],{"class":103},[52,81011,766],{"class":66},[52,81013,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,81015,80830],{"class":58},[52,81017,63],{"class":62},[52,81019,755],{"class":66},[52,81021,2679],{"class":103},[52,81023,91],{"class":66},[52,81025,104],{"class":103},[52,81027,766],{"class":66},[52,81029,81030],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,81031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81033,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,81035,2577],{"class":58},[52,81037,63],{"class":62},[52,81039,80173],{"class":141},[52,81041,145],{"class":66},[52,81043,80863],{"class":124},[52,81045,91],{"class":66},[52,81047,80868],{"class":124},[52,81049,91],{"class":66},[52,81051,80873],{"class":124},[52,81053,151],{"class":66},[52,81055,81056],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,81057,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81059,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,81061,142],{"class":141},[52,81063,145],{"class":66},[52,81065,8448],{"class":3251},[52,81067,145],{"class":66},[52,81069,2612],{"class":124},[52,81071,2120],{"class":66},[20,81073,173],{},[43,81075,81077],{"className":45,"code":81076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81078,81079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81082,513],{"class":66},[52,81084,80907],{"class":103},[52,81086,91],{"class":66},[52,81088,80912],{"class":103},[52,81090,766],{"class":66},[20,81092,81093,81094,81097],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81095,81096],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[38,81099,81101,81103],{"id":81100},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81102,39858],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81105,38164,81106,81108],{},[15,81107,39858],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81110,81111,81112,81115],{},"This object is ",[33,81113,81114],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1335,81117,2839,81119,81121],{"id":81118},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81120,33162],{}," looks strange",[20,81123,33778],{},[43,81125,81127],{"className":45,"code":81126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81128,81129,81149,81167,81171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81130,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81132,3971],{"class":58},[52,81134,63],{"class":62},[52,81136,755],{"class":66},[52,81138,3339],{"class":103},[52,81140,91],{"class":66},[52,81142,1378],{"class":103},[52,81144,91],{"class":66},[52,81146,2801],{"class":103},[52,81148,766],{"class":66},[52,81150,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81152,2577],{"class":58},[52,81154,63],{"class":62},[52,81156,80173],{"class":141},[52,81158,145],{"class":66},[52,81160,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81162,91],{"class":66},[52,81164,4617],{"class":124},[52,81166,151],{"class":66},[52,81168,81169],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81170,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81172,81173,81175,81177,81179],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81174,142],{"class":141},[52,81176,145],{"class":66},[52,81178,2612],{"class":124},[52,81180,151],{"class":66},[20,81182,81183],{},"Output will look something like this:",[43,81185,81187],{"className":45,"code":81186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81188,81189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81190,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81192,3642],{"class":62},[52,81194,40001],{"class":141},[52,81196,24748],{"class":3251},[52,81198,37504],{"class":58},[52,81200,37508],{"class":37507},[52,81202,37511],{"class":34589},[52,81204,3654],{"class":62},[20,81206,81207],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81209,81210],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[43,81212,81214],{"className":45,"code":81213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81215,81216,81236,81254,81258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81217,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81219,3971],{"class":58},[52,81221,63],{"class":62},[52,81223,755],{"class":66},[52,81225,3339],{"class":103},[52,81227,91],{"class":66},[52,81229,1378],{"class":103},[52,81231,91],{"class":66},[52,81233,2801],{"class":103},[52,81235,766],{"class":66},[52,81237,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81239,2577],{"class":58},[52,81241,63],{"class":62},[52,81243,80173],{"class":141},[52,81245,145],{"class":66},[52,81247,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81249,91],{"class":66},[52,81251,4617],{"class":124},[52,81253,151],{"class":66},[52,81255,81256],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81257,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81259,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81261,142],{"class":141},[52,81263,145],{"class":66},[52,81265,8448],{"class":3251},[52,81267,145],{"class":66},[52,81269,2612],{"class":124},[52,81271,2120],{"class":66},[20,81273,173],{},[43,81275,81277],{"className":45,"code":81276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81278,81279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81280,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81282,513],{"class":66},[52,81284,186],{"class":70},[52,81286,3339],{"class":74},[52,81288,186],{"class":70},[52,81290,91],{"class":66},[52,81292,195],{"class":70},[52,81294,2404],{"class":74},[52,81296,186],{"class":70},[52,81298,91],{"class":66},[52,81300,195],{"class":70},[52,81302,2410],{"class":74},[52,81304,186],{"class":70},[52,81306,766],{"class":66},[1335,81308,81310],{"id":81309},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[43,81312,81314],{"className":45,"code":81313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81315,81316,81336,81354,81358,81371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81317,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81319,3971],{"class":58},[52,81321,63],{"class":62},[52,81323,755],{"class":66},[52,81325,3339],{"class":103},[52,81327,91],{"class":66},[52,81329,1378],{"class":103},[52,81331,91],{"class":66},[52,81333,2801],{"class":103},[52,81335,766],{"class":66},[52,81337,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81339,2577],{"class":58},[52,81341,63],{"class":62},[52,81343,80173],{"class":141},[52,81345,145],{"class":66},[52,81347,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81349,91],{"class":66},[52,81351,4617],{"class":124},[52,81353,151],{"class":66},[52,81355,81356],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81357,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366,81369],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81361,6312],{"class":163},[52,81363,6315],{"class":58},[52,81365,4238],{"class":163},[52,81367,81368],{"class":58}," result",[52,81370,6748],{"class":66},[52,81372,81373,81375,81377,81379],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,81374,8423],{"class":141},[52,81376,145],{"class":66},[52,81378,23441],{"class":124},[52,81380,151],{"class":66},[20,81382,173],{},[43,81384,81386],{"className":45,"code":81385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81387,81388,81392,81396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81389,81390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81391,47062],{"class":103},[52,81393,81394],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81395,17183],{"class":103},[52,81397,81398],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81399,46762],{"class":103},[1335,81401,81403],{"id":81402},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81405,81406],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[43,81408,81410],{"className":45,"code":81409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81411,81412,81432,81450,81454,81468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81413,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81415,3971],{"class":58},[52,81417,63],{"class":62},[52,81419,755],{"class":66},[52,81421,3339],{"class":103},[52,81423,91],{"class":66},[52,81425,1378],{"class":103},[52,81427,91],{"class":66},[52,81429,2801],{"class":103},[52,81431,766],{"class":66},[52,81433,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81435,2577],{"class":58},[52,81437,63],{"class":62},[52,81439,80173],{"class":141},[52,81441,145],{"class":66},[52,81443,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81445,91],{"class":66},[52,81447,4617],{"class":124},[52,81449,151],{"class":66},[52,81451,81452],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81453,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81455,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81457,142],{"class":141},[52,81459,145],{"class":66},[52,81461,8448],{"class":3251},[52,81463,145],{"class":66},[52,81465,2612],{"class":124},[52,81467,2120],{"class":66},[52,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,81471,142],{"class":141},[52,81473,145],{"class":66},[52,81475,8448],{"class":3251},[52,81477,145],{"class":66},[52,81479,2612],{"class":124},[52,81481,2120],{"class":66},[20,81483,173],{},[43,81485,81487],{"className":45,"code":81486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81488,81489,81517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81490,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81492,513],{"class":66},[52,81494,186],{"class":70},[52,81496,3339],{"class":74},[52,81498,186],{"class":70},[52,81500,91],{"class":66},[52,81502,195],{"class":70},[52,81504,2404],{"class":74},[52,81506,186],{"class":70},[52,81508,91],{"class":66},[52,81510,195],{"class":70},[52,81512,2410],{"class":74},[52,81514,186],{"class":70},[52,81516,766],{"class":66},[52,81518,81519],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81520,38438],{"class":66},[20,81522,81523],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81525,81526],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[43,81528,81530],{"className":45,"code":81529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81531,81532,81552,81574,81578,81588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81533,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81535,3971],{"class":58},[52,81537,63],{"class":62},[52,81539,755],{"class":66},[52,81541,3339],{"class":103},[52,81543,91],{"class":66},[52,81545,1378],{"class":103},[52,81547,91],{"class":66},[52,81549,2801],{"class":103},[52,81551,766],{"class":66},[52,81553,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81555,2577],{"class":58},[52,81557,63],{"class":62},[52,81559,22690],{"class":3251},[52,81561,145],{"class":66},[52,81563,40001],{"class":141},[52,81565,145],{"class":66},[52,81567,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81569,91],{"class":66},[52,81571,4617],{"class":124},[52,81573,2120],{"class":66},[52,81575,81576],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81577,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81581,142],{"class":141},[52,81583,145],{"class":66},[52,81585,2612],{"class":124},[52,81587,151],{"class":66},[52,81589,81590,81592,81594,81596],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,81591,142],{"class":141},[52,81593,145],{"class":66},[52,81595,2612],{"class":124},[52,81597,151],{"class":66},[20,81599,173],{},[43,81601,81603],{"className":45,"code":81602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81604,81605,81633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81606,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81608,513],{"class":66},[52,81610,186],{"class":70},[52,81612,3339],{"class":74},[52,81614,186],{"class":70},[52,81616,91],{"class":66},[52,81618,195],{"class":70},[52,81620,2404],{"class":74},[52,81622,186],{"class":70},[52,81624,91],{"class":66},[52,81626,195],{"class":70},[52,81628,2410],{"class":74},[52,81630,186],{"class":70},[52,81632,766],{"class":66},[52,81634,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81636,513],{"class":66},[52,81638,186],{"class":70},[52,81640,3339],{"class":74},[52,81642,186],{"class":70},[52,81644,91],{"class":66},[52,81646,195],{"class":70},[52,81648,2404],{"class":74},[52,81650,186],{"class":70},[52,81652,91],{"class":66},[52,81654,195],{"class":70},[52,81656,2410],{"class":74},[52,81658,186],{"class":70},[52,81660,766],{"class":66},[38,81662,1063,81664],{"id":81663},"when-to-use-map",[15,81665,39858],{},[20,81667,81668,81670],{},[15,81669,39858],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81672,81673],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[234,81675,81676,81680,81684],{},[237,81677,81678],{},[15,81679,3795],{},[237,81681,81682],{},[15,81683,2535],{},[237,81685,81686],{},[15,81687,2364],{},[20,81689,309],{},[43,81691,81693],{"className":45,"code":81692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81694,81695,81727,81749,81753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81696,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81698,4178],{"class":58},[52,81700,63],{"class":62},[52,81702,755],{"class":66},[52,81704,186],{"class":70},[52,81706,3339],{"class":74},[52,81708,186],{"class":70},[52,81710,91],{"class":66},[52,81712,195],{"class":70},[52,81714,2404],{"class":74},[52,81716,186],{"class":70},[52,81718,91],{"class":66},[52,81720,195],{"class":70},[52,81722,2410],{"class":74},[52,81724,186],{"class":70},[52,81726,766],{"class":66},[52,81728,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81730,3971],{"class":58},[52,81732,63],{"class":62},[52,81734,22690],{"class":3251},[52,81736,145],{"class":66},[52,81738,40001],{"class":141},[52,81740,145],{"class":66},[52,81742,2535],{"class":3251},[52,81744,91],{"class":66},[52,81746,4241],{"class":124},[52,81748,2120],{"class":66},[52,81750,81751],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81752,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,81754,81755,81757,81759,81761],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81756,142],{"class":141},[52,81758,145],{"class":66},[52,81760,4001],{"class":124},[52,81762,151],{"class":66},[20,81764,173],{},[43,81766,81767],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81768,81769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81770,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81772,513],{"class":66},[52,81774,3339],{"class":103},[52,81776,91],{"class":66},[52,81778,1378],{"class":103},[52,81780,91],{"class":66},[52,81782,2801],{"class":103},[52,81784,766],{"class":66},[20,81786,81787],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81789,81790],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[43,81792,81794],{"className":45,"code":81793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81795,81796,81816,81838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81797,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81799,3971],{"class":58},[52,81801,63],{"class":62},[52,81803,755],{"class":66},[52,81805,3339],{"class":103},[52,81807,91],{"class":66},[52,81809,1378],{"class":103},[52,81811,91],{"class":66},[52,81813,2801],{"class":103},[52,81815,766],{"class":66},[52,81817,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81819,2577],{"class":58},[52,81821,63],{"class":62},[52,81823,22690],{"class":3251},[52,81825,145],{"class":66},[52,81827,40001],{"class":141},[52,81829,145],{"class":66},[52,81831,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81833,91],{"class":66},[52,81835,4617],{"class":124},[52,81837,2120],{"class":66},[52,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81841,142],{"class":141},[52,81843,145],{"class":66},[52,81845,2612],{"class":124},[52,81847,151],{"class":66},[43,81849,81851],{"className":45,"code":81850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81852,81853,81873,81900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81854,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81856,3971],{"class":58},[52,81858,63],{"class":62},[52,81860,755],{"class":66},[52,81862,3339],{"class":103},[52,81864,91],{"class":66},[52,81866,1378],{"class":103},[52,81868,91],{"class":66},[52,81870,2801],{"class":103},[52,81872,766],{"class":66},[52,81874,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81894,81896,81898],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,81876,2577],{"class":58},[52,81878,63],{"class":62},[52,81880,755],{"class":66},[52,81882,3795],{"class":3251},[52,81884,145],{"class":66},[52,81886,76181],{"class":124},[52,81888,4014],{"class":66},[52,81890,4232],{"class":163},[52,81892,81893],{"class":58}," n ",[52,81895,4238],{"class":163},[52,81897,4617],{"class":58},[52,81899,766],{"class":66},[52,81901,81902,81904,81906,81908],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81903,142],{"class":141},[52,81905,145],{"class":66},[52,81907,2612],{"class":124},[52,81909,151],{"class":66},[20,81911,81912],{},"Both produce:",[43,81914,81915],{"className":45,"code":81276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81916,81917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81918,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81920,513],{"class":66},[52,81922,186],{"class":70},[52,81924,3339],{"class":74},[52,81926,186],{"class":70},[52,81928,91],{"class":66},[52,81930,195],{"class":70},[52,81932,2404],{"class":74},[52,81934,186],{"class":70},[52,81936,91],{"class":66},[52,81938,195],{"class":70},[52,81940,2410],{"class":74},[52,81942,186],{"class":70},[52,81944,766],{"class":66},[20,81946,81947],{},"A simple rule:",[234,81949,81950,81955,81960],{},[237,81951,40132,81952,81954],{},[15,81953,39858],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[237,81956,40138,81957,81959],{},[15,81958,6312],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[237,81961,81962],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81964,81965,81966,121],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[257,81967,4747],{"href":4746},[38,81969,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,81971,81973,81974],{"id":81972},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81975,24912],{},[20,81977,81978],{},"This is very common:",[43,81980,81981],{"className":45,"code":81126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81982,81983,82003,82021,82025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81984,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81986,3971],{"class":58},[52,81988,63],{"class":62},[52,81990,755],{"class":66},[52,81992,3339],{"class":103},[52,81994,91],{"class":66},[52,81996,1378],{"class":103},[52,81998,91],{"class":66},[52,82000,2801],{"class":103},[52,82002,766],{"class":66},[52,82004,82005,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82006,2577],{"class":58},[52,82008,63],{"class":62},[52,82010,80173],{"class":141},[52,82012,145],{"class":66},[52,82014,3795],{"class":3251},[52,82016,91],{"class":66},[52,82018,4617],{"class":124},[52,82020,151],{"class":66},[52,82022,82023],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82024,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82026,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82028,142],{"class":141},[52,82030,145],{"class":66},[52,82032,2612],{"class":124},[52,82034,151],{"class":66},[20,82036,82037],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82039,39403],{},[43,82041,82043],{"className":45,"code":82042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82044,82045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82046,82047,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82048,142],{"class":141},[52,82050,145],{"class":66},[52,82052,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82054,145],{"class":66},[52,82056,2612],{"class":124},[52,82058,2120],{"class":66},[1335,82060,82062],{"id":82061},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82064,16770],{},[43,82066,82068],{"className":45,"code":82067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82069,82070,82090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82071,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82073,3971],{"class":58},[52,82075,63],{"class":62},[52,82077,755],{"class":66},[52,82079,3339],{"class":103},[52,82081,91],{"class":66},[52,82083,1378],{"class":103},[52,82085,91],{"class":66},[52,82087,2801],{"class":103},[52,82089,766],{"class":66},[52,82091,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82105,82107],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82093,2577],{"class":58},[52,82095,63],{"class":62},[52,82097,80173],{"class":141},[52,82099,145],{"class":66},[52,82101,3795],{"class":3251},[52,82103,82104],{"class":66},"(),",[52,82106,4617],{"class":124},[52,82108,151],{"class":66},[20,82110,82111,82112,82114,82115,82117],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82113,47829],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82116,39858],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82119,16782],{},[43,82121,82122],{"className":45,"code":81213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82123,82124,82144,82162,82166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82125,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82127,3971],{"class":58},[52,82129,63],{"class":62},[52,82131,755],{"class":66},[52,82133,3339],{"class":103},[52,82135,91],{"class":66},[52,82137,1378],{"class":103},[52,82139,91],{"class":66},[52,82141,2801],{"class":103},[52,82143,766],{"class":66},[52,82145,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82147,2577],{"class":58},[52,82149,63],{"class":62},[52,82151,80173],{"class":141},[52,82153,145],{"class":66},[52,82155,3795],{"class":3251},[52,82157,91],{"class":66},[52,82159,4617],{"class":124},[52,82161,151],{"class":66},[52,82163,82164],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82165,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82167,82168,82170,82172,82174,82176,82178],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82169,142],{"class":141},[52,82171,145],{"class":66},[52,82173,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82175,145],{"class":66},[52,82177,2612],{"class":124},[52,82179,2120],{"class":66},[1335,82181,82183],{"id":82182},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82185,82186],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82188,16770],{},[43,82190,82192],{"className":45,"code":82191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82193,82194,82211,82221,82225,82245,82264,82268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82195,82196,82198,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82197,34988],{"class":2413},[52,82199,82200],{"class":34991}," add",[52,82202,145],{"class":66},[52,82204,257],{"class":37803},[52,82206,91],{"class":66},[52,82208,2910],{"class":37803},[52,82210,8696],{"class":66},[52,82212,82213,82215,82217,82219],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82214,34999],{"class":163},[52,82216,44689],{"class":58},[52,82218,2407],{"class":62},[52,82220,36321],{"class":58},[52,82222,82223],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82224,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82228,3971],{"class":58},[52,82230,63],{"class":62},[52,82232,755],{"class":66},[52,82234,3339],{"class":103},[52,82236,91],{"class":66},[52,82238,1378],{"class":103},[52,82240,91],{"class":66},[52,82242,2801],{"class":103},[52,82244,766],{"class":66},[52,82246,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82258,82260,82262],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,82248,2577],{"class":58},[52,82250,63],{"class":62},[52,82252,80173],{"class":141},[52,82254,145],{"class":66},[52,82256,82257],{"class":124},"add",[52,82259,91],{"class":66},[52,82261,4617],{"class":124},[52,82263,151],{"class":66},[52,82265,82266],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,82267,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82269,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,82271,142],{"class":141},[52,82273,145],{"class":66},[52,82275,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82277,145],{"class":66},[52,82279,2612],{"class":124},[52,82281,2120],{"class":66},[20,82283,16782],{},[43,82285,82287],{"className":45,"code":82286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82288,82289,82305,82315,82319,82339,82359,82381,82385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82290,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82292,34988],{"class":2413},[52,82294,82200],{"class":34991},[52,82296,145],{"class":66},[52,82298,257],{"class":37803},[52,82300,91],{"class":66},[52,82302,2910],{"class":37803},[52,82304,8696],{"class":66},[52,82306,82307,82309,82311,82313],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82308,34999],{"class":163},[52,82310,44689],{"class":58},[52,82312,2407],{"class":62},[52,82314,36321],{"class":58},[52,82316,82317],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82318,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82322,80809],{"class":58},[52,82324,63],{"class":62},[52,82326,755],{"class":66},[52,82328,3339],{"class":103},[52,82330,91],{"class":66},[52,82332,1378],{"class":103},[52,82334,91],{"class":66},[52,82336,2801],{"class":103},[52,82338,766],{"class":66},[52,82340,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,82342,80830],{"class":58},[52,82344,63],{"class":62},[52,82346,755],{"class":66},[52,82348,2679],{"class":103},[52,82350,91],{"class":66},[52,82352,104],{"class":103},[52,82354,91],{"class":66},[52,82356,8148],{"class":103},[52,82358,766],{"class":66},[52,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,82362,2577],{"class":58},[52,82364,63],{"class":62},[52,82366,80173],{"class":141},[52,82368,145],{"class":66},[52,82370,82257],{"class":124},[52,82372,91],{"class":66},[52,82374,80868],{"class":124},[52,82376,91],{"class":66},[52,82378,80873],{"class":124},[52,82380,151],{"class":66},[52,82382,82383],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,82384,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82386,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,82388,142],{"class":141},[52,82390,145],{"class":66},[52,82392,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82394,145],{"class":66},[52,82396,2612],{"class":124},[52,82398,2120],{"class":66},[1335,82400,82402],{"id":82401},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82404,16770],{},[43,82406,82407],{"className":45,"code":81409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82408,82409,82429,82447,82451,82465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82410,82411,82413,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82412,3971],{"class":58},[52,82414,63],{"class":62},[52,82416,755],{"class":66},[52,82418,3339],{"class":103},[52,82420,91],{"class":66},[52,82422,1378],{"class":103},[52,82424,91],{"class":66},[52,82426,2801],{"class":103},[52,82428,766],{"class":66},[52,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82432,2577],{"class":58},[52,82434,63],{"class":62},[52,82436,80173],{"class":141},[52,82438,145],{"class":66},[52,82440,3795],{"class":3251},[52,82442,91],{"class":66},[52,82444,4617],{"class":124},[52,82446,151],{"class":66},[52,82448,82449],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82450,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82452,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82454,142],{"class":141},[52,82456,145],{"class":66},[52,82458,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82460,145],{"class":66},[52,82462,2612],{"class":124},[52,82464,2120],{"class":66},[52,82466,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,82468,142],{"class":141},[52,82470,145],{"class":66},[52,82472,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82474,145],{"class":66},[52,82476,2612],{"class":124},[52,82478,2120],{"class":66},[20,82480,82481],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82483,82484],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[38,82486,68046],{"id":68045},[20,82488,9230,82489,82491],{},[15,82490,39858],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,82493,82495],{"className":45,"code":82494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82496,82497,82507,82521,82535,82547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82498,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82500,142],{"class":141},[52,82502,145],{"class":66},[52,82504,2612],{"class":124},[52,82506,151],{"class":66},[52,82508,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82510,142],{"class":141},[52,82512,145],{"class":66},[52,82514,8448],{"class":3251},[52,82516,145],{"class":66},[52,82518,2612],{"class":124},[52,82520,2120],{"class":66},[52,82522,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82524,142],{"class":141},[52,82526,145],{"class":66},[52,82528,3573],{"class":3251},[52,82530,145],{"class":66},[52,82532,2612],{"class":124},[52,82534,2120],{"class":66},[52,82536,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82538,6312],{"class":163},[52,82540,6315],{"class":58},[52,82542,4238],{"class":163},[52,82544,81368],{"class":58},[52,82546,6748],{"class":66},[52,82548,82549,82551,82553,82555],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,82550,8423],{"class":141},[52,82552,145],{"class":66},[52,82554,23441],{"class":124},[52,82556,151],{"class":66},[20,82558,12997],{},[234,82560,82561,82566,82571,82577],{},[237,82562,82563,82565],{},[15,82564,33162],{}," shows that you have a map object",[237,82567,82568,82570],{},[15,82569,33170],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[237,82572,82573,82576],{},[15,82574,82575],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[237,82578,82579,82580,82582],{},"looping over ",[15,82581,2612],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82584,82585,82586,82589,82590,82592],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82587,82588],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82591,6312],{}," loop consume the map object.",[38,82594,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,82596,2195,82598,82600],{"id":82597},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82599,39858],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82602,82603,82604,82606,82607,24069],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82605,39858],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82608,82609],{},"list(map(...))",[1335,82611,2205,82613,82615,82616,82618],{"id":82612},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82614,39858],{}," better than a ",[15,82617,6312],{}," loop?",[20,82620,82621,82622,82624,82625,82627],{},"Not always. ",[15,82623,39858],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82626,6312],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1335,82629,5523,82631,82633],{"id":82630},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82632,39858],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82635,82636],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1335,82638,82640],{"id":82639},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82642,82643],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[38,82645,2240],{"id":2239},[234,82647,82648,82654,82660,82664,82668],{},[237,82649,82650],{},[257,82651,3928,82652,3861],{"href":40227},[15,82653,37716],{},[237,82655,82656],{},[257,82657,3928,82658,3861],{"href":64998},[15,82659,24912],{},[237,82661,82662],{},[257,82663,5574],{"href":5484},[237,82665,82666],{},[257,82667,5579],{"href":4746},[237,82669,82670],{},[257,82671,5569],{"href":5488},[2278,82673,82674],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":82676},[82677,82678,82680,82681,82682,82684,82689,82696,82698,82705,82706,82715],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":80252,"depth":110,"text":82679},"What map() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":80571,"depth":110,"text":82683},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80755,"depth":110,"text":82685,"children":82686},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82687],{"id":80943,"depth":131,"text":82688},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81100,"depth":110,"text":82690,"children":82691},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82692,82694,82695],{"id":81118,"depth":131,"text":82693},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81309,"depth":131,"text":81310},{"id":81402,"depth":131,"text":81403},{"id":81663,"depth":110,"text":82697},"When to use map()",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":82699},[82700,82702,82703,82704],{"id":81972,"depth":131,"text":82701},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82061,"depth":131,"text":82062},{"id":82182,"depth":131,"text":82183},{"id":82401,"depth":131,"text":82402},{"id":68045,"depth":110,"text":68046},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":82707},[82708,82710,82712,82714],{"id":82597,"depth":131,"text":82709},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82612,"depth":131,"text":82711},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82630,"depth":131,"text":82713},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82639,"depth":131,"text":82640},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80084,"description":82716},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82723,"title":82724,"body":82725,"description":84745,"extension":2310,"meta":84746,"navigation":134,"path":84747,"seo":84748,"stem":84749,"__hash__":84750},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82726,"toc":84703},[82727,82733,82738,82741,82749,82752,82754,82878,82880,82898,82900,82920,82925,82929,82943,82946,82949,82951,82956,83068,83071,83089,83095,83098,83160,83162,83171,83174,83188,83190,83238,83240,83249,83259,83265,83268,83295,83297,83305,83308,83311,83381,83383,83391,83394,83399,83404,83455,83457,83465,83468,83470,83487,83489,83541,83544,83550,83554,83559,83562,83566,83625,83627,83636,83642,83651,83655,83718,83720,83728,83733,83737,83742,83822,83824,83833,83840,83845,83850,83853,83888,83890,83898,83901,83907,83909,83959,83961,83970,83973,83991,83993,83998,84004,84011,84038,84040,84063,84068,84103,84108,84114,84119,84162,84165,84168,84207,84214,84220,84225,84240,84244,84251,84254,84258,84263,84267,84272,84274,84335,84337,84366,84371,84378,84387,84389,84392,84417,84419,84522,84525,84543,84552,84554,84559,84562,84568,84571,84573,84583,84589,84593,84651,84658,84666,84668,84700],[10,82728,3928,82730,3932],{"id":82729},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82731,82732],{},"max()",[20,82734,9478,82735,82737],{},[15,82736,82732],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82739,82740],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[234,82742,82743,82746],{},[237,82744,82745],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[237,82747,82748],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82750,82751],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[38,82753,41],{"id":40},[43,82755,82757],{"className":45,"code":82756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82758,82759,82783,82798,82802,82828,82832,82864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82760,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82762,3971],{"class":58},[52,82764,63],{"class":62},[52,82766,755],{"class":66},[52,82768,2410],{"class":103},[52,82770,91],{"class":66},[52,82772,6714],{"class":103},[52,82774,91],{"class":66},[52,82776,1378],{"class":103},[52,82778,91],{"class":66},[52,82780,4959],{"class":103},[52,82782,766],{"class":66},[52,82784,82785,82787,82789,82792,82794,82796],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82786,142],{"class":141},[52,82788,145],{"class":66},[52,82790,82791],{"class":141},"max",[52,82793,145],{"class":66},[52,82795,4001],{"class":124},[52,82797,2120],{"class":66},[52,82799,82800],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82801,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82803,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82805,142],{"class":141},[52,82807,145],{"class":66},[52,82809,82791],{"class":141},[52,82811,145],{"class":66},[52,82813,2410],{"class":103},[52,82815,91],{"class":66},[52,82817,6714],{"class":103},[52,82819,91],{"class":66},[52,82821,1378],{"class":103},[52,82823,91],{"class":66},[52,82825,4959],{"class":103},[52,82827,2120],{"class":66},[52,82829,82830],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,82831,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,82833,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,82835,4423],{"class":58},[52,82837,63],{"class":62},[52,82839,755],{"class":66},[52,82841,71],{"class":70},[52,82843,4432],{"class":74},[52,82845,71],{"class":70},[52,82847,91],{"class":66},[52,82849,83],{"class":70},[52,82851,4441],{"class":74},[52,82853,71],{"class":70},[52,82855,91],{"class":66},[52,82857,83],{"class":70},[52,82859,78895],{"class":74},[52,82861,71],{"class":70},[52,82863,766],{"class":66},[52,82865,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,82867,142],{"class":141},[52,82869,145],{"class":66},[52,82871,82791],{"class":141},[52,82873,145],{"class":66},[52,82875,4467],{"class":124},[52,82877,2120],{"class":66},[20,82879,173],{},[43,82881,82883],{"className":45,"code":82882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82884,82885,82889,82893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82886,82887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82888,2730],{"class":103},[52,82890,82891],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82892,2730],{"class":103},[52,82894,82895],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82896,82897],{"class":58},"pear\n",[20,82899,20086],{},[234,82901,82902,82908,82914],{},[237,82903,82904,82907],{},[15,82905,82906],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[237,82909,82910,82913],{},[15,82911,82912],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[237,82915,82916,82919],{},[15,82917,82918],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[38,82921,4031,82923,4034],{"id":82922},"what-max-does",[15,82924,82732],{},[20,82926,82927,80],{},[15,82928,82732],{},[234,82930,82931,82934,82937,82940],{},[237,82932,82933],{},"Returns the largest item",[237,82935,82936],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[237,82938,82939],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[237,82941,82942],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82944,82945],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82947,82948],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[38,82950,269],{"id":268},[20,82952,82953,82954,80],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82955,82732],{},[43,82957,82959],{"className":45,"code":82958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82960,82961,82971,82995,83017,83040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82962,82963,82965,82967,82969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82964,82791],{"class":141},[52,82966,145],{"class":66},[52,82968,4075],{"class":124},[52,82970,151],{"class":66},[52,82972,82973,82975,82977,82979,82981,82984,82986,82988,82990,82993],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,82974,82791],{"class":141},[52,82976,145],{"class":66},[52,82978,4075],{"class":124},[52,82980,91],{"class":66},[52,82982,82983],{"class":62}," *",[52,82985,91],{"class":66},[52,82987,21709],{"class":9529},[52,82989,63],{"class":62},[52,82991,82992],{"class":124},"func",[52,82994,151],{"class":66},[52,82996,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82998,82791],{"class":141},[52,83000,145],{"class":66},[52,83002,4075],{"class":124},[52,83004,91],{"class":66},[52,83006,82983],{"class":62},[52,83008,91],{"class":66},[52,83010,26655],{"class":9529},[52,83012,63],{"class":62},[52,83014,2823],{"class":124},[52,83016,151],{"class":66},[52,83018,83019,83021,83023,83026,83028,83031,83033,83035,83038],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,83020,82791],{"class":141},[52,83022,145],{"class":66},[52,83024,83025],{"class":124},"arg1",[52,83027,91],{"class":66},[52,83029,83030],{"class":124}," arg2",[52,83032,91],{"class":66},[52,83034,82983],{"class":62},[52,83036,83037],{"class":124},"args",[52,83039,151],{"class":66},[52,83041,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,83043,82791],{"class":141},[52,83045,145],{"class":66},[52,83047,83025],{"class":124},[52,83049,91],{"class":66},[52,83051,83030],{"class":124},[52,83053,91],{"class":66},[52,83055,82983],{"class":62},[52,83057,83037],{"class":124},[52,83059,91],{"class":66},[52,83061,21709],{"class":9529},[52,83063,63],{"class":62},[52,83065,82992],{"class":124},[52,83067,151],{"class":66},[20,83069,83070],{},"The most important parts are:",[234,83072,83073,83078,83083],{},[237,83074,83075,83077],{},[15,83076,4075],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[237,83079,83080,83082],{},[15,83081,2139],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[237,83084,83085,83088],{},[15,83086,83087],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[38,83090,1326,83092,83094],{"id":83091},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83093,82732],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83096,83097],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[43,83099,83101],{"className":45,"code":83100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83102,83103,83129,83145,83149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83104,83105,83107,83109,83111,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124,83127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83106,5416],{"class":58},[52,83108,63],{"class":62},[52,83110,755],{"class":66},[52,83112,83113],{"class":103},"72",[52,83115,91],{"class":66},[52,83117,51657],{"class":103},[52,83119,91],{"class":66},[52,83121,763],{"class":103},[52,83123,91],{"class":66},[52,83125,83126],{"class":103}," 66",[52,83128,766],{"class":66},[52,83130,83131,83134,83136,83139,83141,83143],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83132,83133],{"class":58},"highest_score ",[52,83135,63],{"class":62},[52,83137,83138],{"class":141}," max",[52,83140,145],{"class":66},[52,83142,16515],{"class":124},[52,83144,151],{"class":66},[52,83146,83147],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,83148,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,83150,83151,83153,83155,83158],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,83152,142],{"class":141},[52,83154,145],{"class":66},[52,83156,83157],{"class":124},"highest_score",[52,83159,151],{"class":66},[20,83161,173],{},[43,83163,83165],{"className":45,"code":83164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"91\n",[15,83166,83167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83168,83169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83170,83164],{"class":103},[20,83172,83173],{},"This works well for:",[234,83175,83176,83179,83182,83185],{},[237,83177,83178],{},"Scores",[237,83180,83181],{},"Prices",[237,83183,83184],{},"Ages",[237,83186,83187],{},"Counts",[20,83189,52227],{},[43,83191,83193],{"className":45,"code":83192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83194,83195,83223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83196,83197,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83211,83213,83216,83218,83221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83198,83199],{"class":58},"prices ",[52,83201,63],{"class":62},[52,83203,755],{"class":66},[52,83205,40540],{"class":103},[52,83207,91],{"class":66},[52,83209,83210],{"class":103}," 5.50",[52,83212,91],{"class":66},[52,83214,83215],{"class":103}," 12.75",[52,83217,91],{"class":66},[52,83219,83220],{"class":103}," 29.00",[52,83222,766],{"class":66},[52,83224,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83236],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83226,142],{"class":141},[52,83228,145],{"class":66},[52,83230,82791],{"class":141},[52,83232,145],{"class":66},[52,83234,83235],{"class":124},"prices",[52,83237,2120],{"class":66},[20,83239,173],{},[43,83241,83243],{"className":45,"code":83242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"29.0\n",[15,83244,83245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83246,83247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83248,83242],{"class":103},[20,83250,83251,83252,83254,83255,121],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83253,82732],{}," is simpler than ",[257,83256,83257],{"href":74672},[15,83258,74575],{},[38,83260,1326,83262,83264],{"id":83261},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83263,82732],{}," with separate values",[20,83266,83267],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[43,83269,83271],{"className":45,"code":83270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83272,83273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83274,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83276,142],{"class":141},[52,83278,145],{"class":66},[52,83280,82791],{"class":141},[52,83282,145],{"class":66},[52,83284,2855],{"class":103},[52,83286,91],{"class":66},[52,83288,31077],{"class":103},[52,83290,91],{"class":66},[52,83292,6348],{"class":103},[52,83294,2120],{"class":66},[20,83296,173],{},[43,83298,83299],{"className":45,"code":2572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83300,83301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83302,83303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83304,2572],{"class":103},[20,83306,83307],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83309,83310],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[43,83312,83314],{"className":45,"code":83313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83315,83316,83325,83333,83343,83347,83370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83317,83318,83320,83322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83319,2905],{"class":58},[52,83321,63],{"class":62},[52,83323,83324],{"class":103}," 15\n",[52,83326,83327,83329,83331],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83328,2933],{"class":58},[52,83330,63],{"class":62},[52,83332,3119],{"class":103},[52,83334,83335,83338,83340],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,83336,83337],{"class":58},"c ",[52,83339,63],{"class":62},[52,83341,83342],{"class":103}," 27\n",[52,83344,83345],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,83346,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,83348,83349,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,83350,83351],{"class":58},"largest ",[52,83353,63],{"class":62},[52,83355,83138],{"class":141},[52,83357,145],{"class":66},[52,83359,257],{"class":124},[52,83361,91],{"class":66},[52,83363,2910],{"class":124},[52,83365,91],{"class":66},[52,83367,10029],{"class":124},[52,83369,151],{"class":66},[52,83371,83372,83374,83376,83379],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,83373,142],{"class":141},[52,83375,145],{"class":66},[52,83377,83378],{"class":124},"largest",[52,83380,151],{"class":66},[20,83382,173],{},[43,83384,83385],{"className":45,"code":46757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83386,83387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83388,83389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83390,46757],{"class":103},[20,83392,83393],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[38,83395,1326,83397,47204],{"id":83396},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83398,82732],{},[20,83400,83401,83403],{},[15,83402,82732],{}," can compare strings too.",[43,83405,83407],{"className":45,"code":83406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83408,83409,83441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83410,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83412,4423],{"class":58},[52,83414,63],{"class":62},[52,83416,755],{"class":66},[52,83418,71],{"class":70},[52,83420,4432],{"class":74},[52,83422,71],{"class":70},[52,83424,91],{"class":66},[52,83426,83],{"class":70},[52,83428,4441],{"class":74},[52,83430,71],{"class":70},[52,83432,91],{"class":66},[52,83434,83],{"class":70},[52,83436,78895],{"class":74},[52,83438,71],{"class":70},[52,83440,766],{"class":66},[52,83442,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83444,142],{"class":141},[52,83446,145],{"class":66},[52,83448,82791],{"class":141},[52,83450,145],{"class":66},[52,83452,4467],{"class":124},[52,83454,2120],{"class":66},[20,83456,173],{},[43,83458,83459],{"className":45,"code":82897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83460,83461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83462,83463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83464,82897],{"class":58},[20,83466,83467],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83469,68434],{},[234,83471,83472,83481,83484],{},[237,83473,83474,83477,83478,83480],{},[15,83475,83476],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83479,65425],{}," alphabetically",[237,83482,83483],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[237,83485,83486],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83488,309],{},[43,83490,83492],{"className":45,"code":83491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83493,83494,83527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83495,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83497,4423],{"class":58},[52,83499,63],{"class":62},[52,83501,755],{"class":66},[52,83503,71],{"class":70},[52,83505,4432],{"class":74},[52,83507,71],{"class":70},[52,83509,91],{"class":66},[52,83511,83],{"class":70},[52,83513,83514],{"class":74},"Banana",[52,83516,71],{"class":70},[52,83518,91],{"class":66},[52,83520,83],{"class":70},[52,83522,78895],{"class":74},[52,83524,71],{"class":70},[52,83526,766],{"class":66},[52,83528,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83530,142],{"class":141},[52,83532,145],{"class":66},[52,83534,82791],{"class":141},[52,83536,145],{"class":66},[52,83538,4467],{"class":124},[52,83540,2120],{"class":66},[20,83542,83543],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83545,83546,83547,83549],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83548,2139],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[38,83551,36752,83552,36755],{"id":78853},[15,83553,2139],{},[20,83555,2327,83556,83558],{},[15,83557,2139],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83560,83561],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1335,83563,83565],{"id":83564},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[43,83567,83569],{"className":45,"code":83568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83570,83571,83603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83572,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83574,4423],{"class":58},[52,83576,63],{"class":62},[52,83578,755],{"class":66},[52,83580,71],{"class":70},[52,83582,37187],{"class":74},[52,83584,71],{"class":70},[52,83586,91],{"class":66},[52,83588,83],{"class":70},[52,83590,68477],{"class":74},[52,83592,71],{"class":70},[52,83594,91],{"class":66},[52,83596,83],{"class":70},[52,83598,58276],{"class":74},[52,83600,71],{"class":70},[52,83602,766],{"class":66},[52,83604,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83606,142],{"class":141},[52,83608,145],{"class":66},[52,83610,82791],{"class":141},[52,83612,145],{"class":66},[52,83614,4467],{"class":124},[52,83616,91],{"class":66},[52,83618,21709],{"class":9529},[52,83620,63],{"class":62},[52,83622,11505],{"class":141},[52,83624,2120],{"class":66},[20,83626,173],{},[43,83628,83630],{"className":45,"code":83629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"elephant\n",[15,83631,83632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83633,83634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83635,83629],{"class":58},[20,83637,20900,83638,83641],{},[15,83639,83640],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83643,83644,83645,33764,83647,121],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83646,42504],{},[257,83648,83649,6137],{"href":42501},[15,83650,42504],{},[1335,83652,83654],{"id":83653},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[43,83656,83658],{"className":45,"code":83657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83659,83660,83692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83661,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83663,4423],{"class":58},[52,83665,63],{"class":62},[52,83667,755],{"class":66},[52,83669,71],{"class":70},[52,83671,4432],{"class":74},[52,83673,71],{"class":70},[52,83675,91],{"class":66},[52,83677,83],{"class":70},[52,83679,83514],{"class":74},[52,83681,71],{"class":70},[52,83683,91],{"class":66},[52,83685,83],{"class":70},[52,83687,78895],{"class":74},[52,83689,71],{"class":70},[52,83691,766],{"class":66},[52,83693,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83695,142],{"class":141},[52,83697,145],{"class":66},[52,83699,82791],{"class":141},[52,83701,145],{"class":66},[52,83703,4467],{"class":124},[52,83705,91],{"class":66},[52,83707,21709],{"class":9529},[52,83709,63],{"class":62},[52,83711,3795],{"class":3251},[52,83713,121],{"class":66},[52,83715,8995],{"class":24881},[52,83717,2120],{"class":66},[20,83719,173],{},[43,83721,83722],{"className":45,"code":82897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83723,83724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83725,83726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83727,82897],{"class":58},[20,83729,20900,83730,83732],{},[15,83731,78849],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1335,83734,83736],{"id":83735},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83738,83739,83740,80],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83741,37800],{},[43,83743,83745],{"className":45,"code":83744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83746,83747,83790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83748,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83768,83770,83772,83774,83777,83779,83781,83783,83786,83788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83750,8133],{"class":58},[52,83752,63],{"class":62},[52,83754,755],{"class":66},[52,83756,71],{"class":70},[52,83758,257],{"class":74},[52,83760,71],{"class":70},[52,83762,91],{"class":66},[52,83764,83],{"class":70},[52,83766,83767],{"class":74},"bb",[52,83769,71],{"class":70},[52,83771,91],{"class":66},[52,83773,83],{"class":70},[52,83775,83776],{"class":74},"cccc",[52,83778,71],{"class":70},[52,83780,91],{"class":66},[52,83782,83],{"class":70},[52,83784,83785],{"class":74},"ddd",[52,83787,71],{"class":70},[52,83789,766],{"class":66},[52,83791,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83793,142],{"class":141},[52,83795,145],{"class":66},[52,83797,82791],{"class":141},[52,83799,145],{"class":66},[52,83801,8163],{"class":124},[52,83803,91],{"class":66},[52,83805,21709],{"class":9529},[52,83807,63],{"class":62},[52,83809,37800],{"class":2413},[52,83811,42985],{"class":37803},[52,83813,80],{"class":66},[52,83815,38527],{"class":141},[52,83817,145],{"class":66},[52,83819,34845],{"class":124},[52,83821,3262],{"class":66},[20,83823,173],{},[43,83825,83827],{"className":45,"code":83826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cccc\n",[15,83828,83829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83830,83831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83832,83826],{"class":58},[20,83834,49696,83835,2218,83837,83839],{},[15,83836,83640],{},[15,83838,78736],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[38,83841,36752,83843,36755],{"id":83842},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83844,83087],{},[20,83846,2327,83847,83849],{},[15,83848,83087],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83851,83852],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[43,83854,83856],{"className":45,"code":83855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83857,83858,83866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83859,83860,83862,83864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83861,3971],{"class":58},[52,83863,63],{"class":62},[52,83865,8192],{"class":66},[52,83867,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83869,142],{"class":141},[52,83871,145],{"class":66},[52,83873,82791],{"class":141},[52,83875,145],{"class":66},[52,83877,4001],{"class":124},[52,83879,91],{"class":66},[52,83881,26655],{"class":9529},[52,83883,63],{"class":62},[52,83885,2467],{"class":103},[52,83887,2120],{"class":66},[20,83889,173],{},[43,83891,83892],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83893,83894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83895,83896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83897,47397],{"class":103},[20,83899,83900],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83902,83903,83904,83906],{},"Without ",[15,83905,83087],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83908,52227],{},[43,83910,83912],{"className":45,"code":83911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83913,83914,83922,83949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83915,83916,83918,83920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83917,4423],{"class":58},[52,83919,63],{"class":62},[52,83921,8192],{"class":66},[52,83923,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83945,83947],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,83925,2577],{"class":58},[52,83927,63],{"class":62},[52,83929,83138],{"class":141},[52,83931,145],{"class":66},[52,83933,4467],{"class":124},[52,83935,91],{"class":66},[52,83937,26655],{"class":9529},[52,83939,63],{"class":62},[52,83941,71],{"class":70},[52,83943,83944],{"class":74},"no words found",[52,83946,71],{"class":70},[52,83948,151],{"class":66},[52,83950,83951,83953,83955,83957],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,83952,142],{"class":141},[52,83954,145],{"class":66},[52,83956,2612],{"class":124},[52,83958,151],{"class":66},[20,83960,173],{},[43,83962,83964],{"className":45,"code":83963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"no words found\n",[15,83965,83966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83967,83968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83969,83963],{"class":58},[20,83971,83972],{},"Important:",[234,83974,83975,83983],{},[237,83976,83977,83979,83980],{},[15,83978,83087],{}," works with ",[15,83981,83982],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[237,83984,41048,83985,83987,83988],{},[33,83986,1332],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83989,83990],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[38,83992,48132],{"id":48131},[20,83994,83995,83996,121],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83997,82732],{},[1335,83999,84001,84003],{"id":84000},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84002,40846],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84005,84006,84007,46053,84009,121],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84008,83087],{},[15,84010,40846],{},[43,84012,84014],{"className":45,"code":84013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84015,84016,84024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84017,84018,84020,84022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84019,3971],{"class":58},[52,84021,63],{"class":62},[52,84023,8192],{"class":66},[52,84025,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84027,142],{"class":141},[52,84029,145],{"class":66},[52,84031,82791],{"class":141},[52,84033,145],{"class":66},[52,84035,4001],{"class":124},[52,84037,2120],{"class":66},[20,84039,29814],{},[43,84041,84043],{"className":45,"code":84042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84044,84045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84046,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055,84058,84060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84048,40846],{"class":3251},[52,84050,80],{"class":66},[52,84052,83138],{"class":141},[52,84054,7719],{"class":66},[52,84056,84057],{"class":58}," arg ",[52,84059,164],{"class":62},[52,84061,84062],{"class":58}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84064,84065,84066,80],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84067,83087],{},[43,84069,84071],{"className":45,"code":84070,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84072,84073,84081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84074,84075,84077,84079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84076,3971],{"class":58},[52,84078,63],{"class":62},[52,84080,8192],{"class":66},[52,84082,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84084,142],{"class":141},[52,84086,145],{"class":66},[52,84088,82791],{"class":141},[52,84090,145],{"class":66},[52,84092,4001],{"class":124},[52,84094,91],{"class":66},[52,84096,26655],{"class":9529},[52,84098,63],{"class":62},[52,84100,4133],{"class":218},[52,84102,2120],{"class":66},[20,84104,84105,84106,121],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[257,84107,65990],{"href":73029},[1335,84109,84111,84113],{"id":84110},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84112,3355],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84115,84116,84117,121],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84118,3355],{},[43,84120,84122],{"className":45,"code":84121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84123,84124,84148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84125,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84127,8133],{"class":58},[52,84129,63],{"class":62},[52,84131,755],{"class":66},[52,84133,2679],{"class":103},[52,84135,91],{"class":66},[52,84137,83],{"class":70},[52,84139,15880],{"class":74},[52,84141,71],{"class":70},[52,84143,91],{"class":66},[52,84145,8148],{"class":103},[52,84147,766],{"class":66},[52,84149,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84151,142],{"class":141},[52,84153,145],{"class":66},[52,84155,82791],{"class":141},[52,84157,145],{"class":66},[52,84159,8163],{"class":124},[52,84161,2120],{"class":66},[20,84163,84164],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84166,84167],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[43,84169,84171],{"className":45,"code":84170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84172,84173,84193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84174,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84176,8133],{"class":58},[52,84178,63],{"class":62},[52,84180,755],{"class":66},[52,84182,2679],{"class":103},[52,84184,91],{"class":66},[52,84186,104],{"class":103},[52,84188,91],{"class":66},[52,84190,8148],{"class":103},[52,84192,766],{"class":66},[52,84194,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84196,142],{"class":141},[52,84198,145],{"class":66},[52,84200,82791],{"class":141},[52,84202,145],{"class":66},[52,84204,8163],{"class":124},[52,84206,2120],{"class":66},[20,84208,84209,84210,121],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[257,84211,84213],{"href":84212},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1335,84215,84217,84219],{"id":84216},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84218,3355],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84221,84222,84224],{},[15,84223,82732],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[43,84226,84228],{"className":45,"code":84227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max())\n",[15,84229,84230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84231,84232,84234,84236,84238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84233,142],{"class":141},[52,84235,145],{"class":66},[52,84237,82791],{"class":141},[52,84239,7547],{"class":66},[20,84241,3352,84242,121],{},[15,84243,3355],{},[38,84245,84247,10931,84249],{"id":84246},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84248,82732],{},[15,84250,74575],{},[20,84252,84253],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84255,84256,80],{},[15,84257,82732],{},[234,84259,84260],{},[237,84261,84262],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84264,84265,80],{},[15,84266,74575],{},[234,84268,84269],{},[237,84270,84271],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84273,309],{},[43,84275,84277],{"className":45,"code":84276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84278,84279,84303,84307,84321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84280,84281,84283,84285,84287,84289,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299,84301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84282,3971],{"class":58},[52,84284,63],{"class":62},[52,84286,755],{"class":66},[52,84288,2410],{"class":103},[52,84290,91],{"class":66},[52,84292,6714],{"class":103},[52,84294,91],{"class":66},[52,84296,1378],{"class":103},[52,84298,91],{"class":66},[52,84300,4959],{"class":103},[52,84302,766],{"class":66},[52,84304,84305],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84306,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,84308,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84310,142],{"class":141},[52,84312,145],{"class":66},[52,84314,82791],{"class":141},[52,84316,145],{"class":66},[52,84318,4001],{"class":124},[52,84320,2120],{"class":66},[52,84322,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,84324,142],{"class":141},[52,84326,145],{"class":66},[52,84328,74665],{"class":141},[52,84330,145],{"class":66},[52,84332,4001],{"class":124},[52,84334,2120],{"class":66},[20,84336,173],{},[43,84338,84340],{"className":45,"code":84339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84341,84342,84346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84343,84344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84345,2730],{"class":103},[52,84347,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84349,513],{"class":66},[52,84351,2404],{"class":103},[52,84353,91],{"class":66},[52,84355,2801],{"class":103},[52,84357,91],{"class":66},[52,84359,4959],{"class":103},[52,84361,91],{"class":66},[52,84363,6714],{"class":103},[52,84365,766],{"class":66},[20,84367,222,84368,84370],{},[15,84369,82732],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84372,222,84373,84377],{},[257,84374,84375],{"href":74672},[15,84376,74575],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84379,84380,84381,121],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[257,84382,84384],{"href":84383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84385,84386],{},"min()",[38,84388,2022],{"id":2021},[20,84390,84391],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[234,84393,84394,84401,84404,84409,84412],{},[237,84395,29783,84396,84398,84399],{},[15,84397,82732],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84400,83087],{},[237,84402,84403],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[237,84405,8807,84406,84408],{},[15,84407,82732],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[237,84410,84411],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[237,84413,1326,84414,84416],{},[15,84415,83087],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84418,11456],{},[43,84420,84422],{"className":45,"code":84421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84423,84424,84434,84448,84462,84476,84498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84425,84426,84428,84430,84432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84427,142],{"class":141},[52,84429,145],{"class":66},[52,84431,8163],{"class":124},[52,84433,151],{"class":66},[52,84435,84436,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84437,142],{"class":141},[52,84439,145],{"class":66},[52,84441,3573],{"class":3251},[52,84443,145],{"class":66},[52,84445,8163],{"class":124},[52,84447,2120],{"class":66},[52,84449,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458,84460],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84451,142],{"class":141},[52,84453,145],{"class":66},[52,84455,11505],{"class":141},[52,84457,145],{"class":66},[52,84459,8163],{"class":124},[52,84461,2120],{"class":66},[52,84463,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,84465,142],{"class":141},[52,84467,145],{"class":66},[52,84469,82791],{"class":141},[52,84471,145],{"class":66},[52,84473,8163],{"class":124},[52,84475,2120],{"class":66},[52,84477,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,84479,142],{"class":141},[52,84481,145],{"class":66},[52,84483,82791],{"class":141},[52,84485,145],{"class":66},[52,84487,8163],{"class":124},[52,84489,91],{"class":66},[52,84491,26655],{"class":9529},[52,84493,63],{"class":62},[52,84495,4133],{"class":218},[52,84497,2120],{"class":66},[52,84499,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518,84520],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,84501,142],{"class":141},[52,84503,3336],{"class":66},[52,84505,3573],{"class":3251},[52,84507,145],{"class":66},[52,84509,1357],{"class":124},[52,84511,4014],{"class":66},[52,84513,4232],{"class":163},[52,84515,4235],{"class":124},[52,84517,4238],{"class":163},[52,84519,6320],{"class":124},[52,84521,913],{"class":66},[20,84523,84524],{},"These are useful for checking:",[234,84526,84527,84532,84537,84540],{},[237,84528,84529,84530],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84531,8163],{},[237,84533,79902,84534,84536],{},[15,84535,8163],{}," is a list or some other type",[237,84538,84539],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[237,84541,84542],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84544,69498,84545,84548,84549,84551],{},[15,84546,84547],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84550,8163],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[38,84553,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,84555,5495,84557,5498],{"id":84556},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84558,82732],{},[20,84560,84561],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1335,84563,5523,84565,84567],{"id":84564},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84566,82732],{}," work with strings?",[20,84569,84570],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1335,84572,71797],{"id":71796},[20,84574,84575,52642,84577,84579,84580,84582],{},[15,84576,82732],{},[15,84578,40846],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84581,83087],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1335,84584,84586,84587,2221],{"id":84585},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84588,82732],{},[20,84590,222,84591,80],{},[15,84592,83640],{},[43,84594,84595],{"className":45,"code":83568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84596,84597,84629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84598,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84600,4423],{"class":58},[52,84602,63],{"class":62},[52,84604,755],{"class":66},[52,84606,71],{"class":70},[52,84608,37187],{"class":74},[52,84610,71],{"class":70},[52,84612,91],{"class":66},[52,84614,83],{"class":70},[52,84616,68477],{"class":74},[52,84618,71],{"class":70},[52,84620,91],{"class":66},[52,84622,83],{"class":70},[52,84624,58276],{"class":74},[52,84626,71],{"class":70},[52,84628,766],{"class":66},[52,84630,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84632,142],{"class":141},[52,84634,145],{"class":66},[52,84636,82791],{"class":141},[52,84638,145],{"class":66},[52,84640,4467],{"class":124},[52,84642,91],{"class":66},[52,84644,21709],{"class":9529},[52,84646,63],{"class":62},[52,84648,11505],{"class":141},[52,84650,2120],{"class":66},[1335,84652,2215,84654,2218,84656,2221],{"id":84653},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84655,82732],{},[15,84657,74575],{},[20,84659,84660,84662,84663,84665],{},[15,84661,82732],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":84704},[84705,84706,84708,84709,84711,84713,84715,84720,84722,84730,84732,84733,84744],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":82922,"depth":110,"text":84707},"What max() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":83091,"depth":110,"text":84710},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83261,"depth":110,"text":84712},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83396,"depth":110,"text":84714},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78853,"depth":110,"text":80051,"children":84716},[84717,84718,84719],{"id":83564,"depth":131,"text":83565},{"id":83653,"depth":131,"text":83654},{"id":83735,"depth":131,"text":83736},{"id":83842,"depth":110,"text":84721},"Using the default argument",{"id":48131,"depth":110,"text":48132,"children":84723},[84724,84726,84728],{"id":84000,"depth":131,"text":84725},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84110,"depth":131,"text":84727},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84216,"depth":131,"text":84729},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84246,"depth":110,"text":84731},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":84734},[84735,84737,84739,84740,84742],{"id":84556,"depth":131,"text":84736},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84564,"depth":131,"text":84738},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71796,"depth":131,"text":71797},{"id":84585,"depth":131,"text":84741},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84653,"depth":131,"text":84743},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82724,"description":84745},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84752,"title":84753,"body":84754,"description":86708,"extension":2310,"meta":86709,"navigation":134,"path":86710,"seo":86711,"stem":86712,"__hash__":86713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84755,"toc":86665},[84756,84761,84766,84772,84774,84848,84850,84863,84868,84873,84889,84893,84898,84974,84980,84983,85026,85028,85036,85042,85045,85076,85078,85086,85092,85097,85156,85158,85167,85170,85180,85186,85191,85226,85228,85236,85242,85248,85253,85297,85299,85308,85311,85351,85353,85362,85365,85377,85382,85387,85438,85440,85449,85452,85503,85505,85514,85517,85524,85530,85535,85537,85552,85556,85616,85618,85627,85631,85803,85805,85842,85849,85855,85858,85885,85887,85908,85913,85948,85950,85958,85961,85964,85980,85985,85987,85991,85997,86001,86028,86031,86041,86081,86085,86088,86131,86133,86142,86145,86150,86219,86221,86229,86234,86238,86241,86292,86294,86302,86305,86368,86370,86378,86381,86386,86390,86403,86410,86418,86420,86422,86452,86458,86559,86569,86571,86576,86579,86584,86587,86589,86597,86605,86613,86620,86628,86630,86662],[10,84757,3928,84759,3932],{"id":84758},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84760,84386],{},[20,84762,84763,84765],{},[15,84764,84386],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84767,84768,84769,84771],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84770,84386],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[38,84773,41],{"id":40},[43,84775,84777],{"className":45,"code":84776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84778,84779,84803,84818,84822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84780,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84782,3971],{"class":58},[52,84784,63],{"class":62},[52,84786,755],{"class":66},[52,84788,2484],{"class":103},[52,84790,91],{"class":66},[52,84792,1378],{"class":103},[52,84794,91],{"class":66},[52,84796,54284],{"class":103},[52,84798,91],{"class":66},[52,84800,1364],{"class":103},[52,84802,766],{"class":66},[52,84804,84805,84807,84809,84812,84814,84816],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84806,142],{"class":141},[52,84808,145],{"class":66},[52,84810,84811],{"class":141},"min",[52,84813,145],{"class":66},[52,84815,4001],{"class":124},[52,84817,2120],{"class":66},[52,84819,84820],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84821,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,84823,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,84825,142],{"class":141},[52,84827,145],{"class":66},[52,84829,84811],{"class":141},[52,84831,145],{"class":66},[52,84833,2484],{"class":103},[52,84835,91],{"class":66},[52,84837,1378],{"class":103},[52,84839,91],{"class":66},[52,84841,54284],{"class":103},[52,84843,91],{"class":66},[52,84845,1364],{"class":103},[52,84847,2120],{"class":66},[20,84849,173],{},[43,84851,84853],{"className":45,"code":84852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n1\n",[15,84854,84855,84859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84856,84857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84858,47062],{"class":103},[52,84860,84861],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84862,47062],{"class":103},[20,84864,222,84865,84867],{},[15,84866,84386],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[38,84869,4031,84871,4034],{"id":84870},"what-min-does",[15,84872,84386],{},[234,84874,84875,84880,84883,84886],{},[237,84876,84877,84879],{},[15,84878,84386],{}," returns the smallest item",[237,84881,84882],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[237,84884,84885],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[237,84887,84888],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[38,84890,84892],{"id":84891},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84894,84895,84896,80],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84897,84386],{},[43,84899,84901],{"className":45,"code":84900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84902,84903,84913,84938,84956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84904,84905,84907,84909,84911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84906,84811],{"class":141},[52,84908,145],{"class":66},[52,84910,4075],{"class":124},[52,84912,151],{"class":66},[52,84914,84915,84917,84919,84922,84924,84927,84929,84932,84934,84936],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,84916,84811],{"class":141},[52,84918,145],{"class":66},[52,84920,84921],{"class":124},"value1",[52,84923,91],{"class":66},[52,84925,84926],{"class":124}," value2",[52,84928,91],{"class":66},[52,84930,84931],{"class":124}," value3",[52,84933,91],{"class":66},[52,84935,34590],{"class":141},[52,84937,151],{"class":66},[52,84939,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84941,84811],{"class":141},[52,84943,145],{"class":66},[52,84945,4075],{"class":124},[52,84947,91],{"class":66},[52,84949,21709],{"class":9529},[52,84951,63],{"class":62},[52,84953,37511],{"class":141},[52,84955,151],{"class":66},[52,84957,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,84959,84811],{"class":141},[52,84961,145],{"class":66},[52,84963,4075],{"class":124},[52,84965,91],{"class":66},[52,84967,26655],{"class":9529},[52,84969,63],{"class":62},[52,84971,37511],{"class":141},[52,84973,151],{"class":66},[1335,84975,84977],{"id":84976},"miniterable",[15,84978,84979],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84981,84982],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[43,84984,84986],{"className":45,"code":84985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84987,84988,85012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84989,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84991,3971],{"class":58},[52,84993,63],{"class":62},[52,84995,755],{"class":66},[52,84997,2694],{"class":103},[52,84999,91],{"class":66},[52,85001,2801],{"class":103},[52,85003,91],{"class":66},[52,85005,31077],{"class":103},[52,85007,91],{"class":66},[52,85009,1364],{"class":103},[52,85011,766],{"class":66},[52,85013,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85015,142],{"class":141},[52,85017,145],{"class":66},[52,85019,84811],{"class":141},[52,85021,145],{"class":66},[52,85023,4001],{"class":124},[52,85025,2120],{"class":66},[20,85027,173],{},[43,85029,85030],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85031,85032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85033,85034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85035,47062],{"class":103},[1335,85037,85039],{"id":85038},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85040,85041],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85043,85044],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[43,85046,85048],{"className":45,"code":85047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85049,85050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85051,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85053,142],{"class":141},[52,85055,145],{"class":66},[52,85057,84811],{"class":141},[52,85059,145],{"class":66},[52,85061,2694],{"class":103},[52,85063,91],{"class":66},[52,85065,2801],{"class":103},[52,85067,91],{"class":66},[52,85069,31077],{"class":103},[52,85071,91],{"class":66},[52,85073,1364],{"class":103},[52,85075,2120],{"class":66},[20,85077,173],{},[43,85079,85080],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85081,85082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85083,85084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85085,47062],{"class":103},[1335,85087,85089],{"id":85088},"miniterable-key",[15,85090,85091],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85093,222,85094,85096],{},[15,85095,2139],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[43,85098,85100],{"className":45,"code":85099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85101,85102,85134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85103,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85105,4423],{"class":58},[52,85107,63],{"class":62},[52,85109,755],{"class":66},[52,85111,71],{"class":70},[52,85113,78895],{"class":74},[52,85115,71],{"class":70},[52,85117,91],{"class":66},[52,85119,83],{"class":70},[52,85121,38482],{"class":74},[52,85123,71],{"class":70},[52,85125,91],{"class":66},[52,85127,83],{"class":70},[52,85129,4441],{"class":74},[52,85131,71],{"class":70},[52,85133,766],{"class":66},[52,85135,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85137,142],{"class":141},[52,85139,145],{"class":66},[52,85141,84811],{"class":141},[52,85143,145],{"class":66},[52,85145,4467],{"class":124},[52,85147,91],{"class":66},[52,85149,21709],{"class":9529},[52,85151,63],{"class":62},[52,85153,11505],{"class":141},[52,85155,2120],{"class":66},[20,85157,173],{},[43,85159,85161],{"className":45,"code":85160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"kiwi\n",[15,85162,85163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85164,85165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85166,85160],{"class":58},[20,85168,85169],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85171,85172,85173,85175,85176,121],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85174,42504],{},", see the ",[257,85177,85178,3861],{"href":42501},[15,85179,42504],{},[1335,85181,85183],{"id":85182},"miniterable-default",[15,85184,85185],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85187,222,85188,85190],{},[15,85189,83087],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[43,85192,85194],{"className":45,"code":85193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85195,85196,85204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85197,85198,85200,85202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85199,3971],{"class":58},[52,85201,63],{"class":62},[52,85203,8192],{"class":66},[52,85205,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85207,142],{"class":141},[52,85209,145],{"class":66},[52,85211,84811],{"class":141},[52,85213,145],{"class":66},[52,85215,4001],{"class":124},[52,85217,91],{"class":66},[52,85219,26655],{"class":9529},[52,85221,63],{"class":62},[52,85223,2467],{"class":103},[52,85225,2120],{"class":66},[20,85227,173],{},[43,85229,85230],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85231,85232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85233,85234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85235,47397],{"class":103},[20,85237,85238,85239,85241],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85240,40846],{}," when there is no item to return.",[38,85243,1326,85245,85247],{"id":85244},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85246,84386],{}," with numbers",[20,85249,85250,85252],{},[15,85251,84386],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[43,85254,85256],{"className":45,"code":85255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85257,85258,85283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85259,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85261,5416],{"class":58},[52,85263,63],{"class":62},[52,85265,755],{"class":66},[52,85267,51652],{"class":103},[52,85269,91],{"class":66},[52,85271,85272],{"class":103}," 72",[52,85274,91],{"class":66},[52,85276,29039],{"class":103},[52,85278,91],{"class":66},[52,85280,76251],{"class":103},[52,85282,766],{"class":66},[52,85284,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85286,142],{"class":141},[52,85288,145],{"class":66},[52,85290,84811],{"class":141},[52,85292,145],{"class":66},[52,85294,16515],{"class":124},[52,85296,2120],{"class":66},[20,85298,173],{},[43,85300,85302],{"className":45,"code":85301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"60\n",[15,85303,85304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85305,85306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85307,85301],{"class":103},[20,85309,85310],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[43,85312,85314],{"className":45,"code":85313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85315,85316,85337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85317,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85331,85333,85335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85319,83199],{"class":58},[52,85321,63],{"class":62},[52,85323,755],{"class":66},[52,85325,40540],{"class":103},[52,85327,91],{"class":66},[52,85329,85330],{"class":103}," 5.49",[52,85332,91],{"class":66},[52,85334,83215],{"class":103},[52,85336,766],{"class":66},[52,85338,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85340,142],{"class":141},[52,85342,145],{"class":66},[52,85344,84811],{"class":141},[52,85346,145],{"class":66},[52,85348,83235],{"class":124},[52,85350,2120],{"class":66},[20,85352,173],{},[43,85354,85356],{"className":45,"code":85355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.49\n",[15,85357,85358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85359,85360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85361,85355],{"class":103},[20,85363,85364],{},"This is useful for things like:",[234,85366,85367,85369,85371,85374],{},[237,85368,16515],{},[237,85370,83235],{},[237,85372,85373],{},"measurements",[237,85375,85376],{},"ages",[38,85378,1326,85380,47204],{"id":85379},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85381,84386],{},[20,85383,85384,85386],{},[15,85385,84386],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[43,85388,85390],{"className":45,"code":85389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85391,85392,85424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85393,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85395,4423],{"class":58},[52,85397,63],{"class":62},[52,85399,755],{"class":66},[52,85401,71],{"class":70},[52,85403,4441],{"class":74},[52,85405,71],{"class":70},[52,85407,91],{"class":66},[52,85409,83],{"class":70},[52,85411,4432],{"class":74},[52,85413,71],{"class":70},[52,85415,91],{"class":66},[52,85417,83],{"class":70},[52,85419,4450],{"class":74},[52,85421,71],{"class":70},[52,85423,766],{"class":66},[52,85425,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85427,142],{"class":141},[52,85429,145],{"class":66},[52,85431,84811],{"class":141},[52,85433,145],{"class":66},[52,85435,4467],{"class":124},[52,85437,2120],{"class":66},[20,85439,173],{},[43,85441,85443],{"className":45,"code":85442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple\n",[15,85444,85445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85446,85447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85448,85442],{"class":58},[20,85450,85451],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[43,85453,85455],{"className":45,"code":85454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85456,85457,85489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85458,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85460,4423],{"class":58},[52,85462,63],{"class":62},[52,85464,755],{"class":66},[52,85466,71],{"class":70},[52,85468,4441],{"class":74},[52,85470,71],{"class":70},[52,85472,91],{"class":66},[52,85474,83],{"class":70},[52,85476,57917],{"class":74},[52,85478,71],{"class":70},[52,85480,91],{"class":66},[52,85482,83],{"class":70},[52,85484,4450],{"class":74},[52,85486,71],{"class":70},[52,85488,766],{"class":66},[52,85490,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85492,142],{"class":141},[52,85494,145],{"class":66},[52,85496,84811],{"class":141},[52,85498,145],{"class":66},[52,85500,4467],{"class":124},[52,85502,2120],{"class":66},[20,85504,173],{},[43,85506,85508],{"className":45,"code":85507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\n",[15,85509,85510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85511,85512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85513,85507],{"class":58},[20,85515,85516],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85518,85519,85520,121],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[257,85521,85522,6137],{"href":74672},[15,85523,74575],{},[38,85525,1326,85527,85529],{"id":85526},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85528,84386],{}," with a key function",[20,85531,2327,85532,85534],{},[15,85533,2139],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85536,11798],{},[234,85538,85539,85544,85549],{},[237,85540,85541,85543],{},[15,85542,2139],{}," changes the comparison rule",[237,85545,85546,85548],{},[15,85547,84386],{}," still returns the original item",[237,85550,85551],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1335,85553,85555],{"id":85554},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[43,85557,85559],{"className":45,"code":85558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85560,85561,85594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85562,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85590,85592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85564,4423],{"class":58},[52,85566,63],{"class":62},[52,85568,755],{"class":66},[52,85570,71],{"class":70},[52,85572,68477],{"class":74},[52,85574,71],{"class":70},[52,85576,91],{"class":66},[52,85578,83],{"class":70},[52,85580,37187],{"class":74},[52,85582,71],{"class":70},[52,85584,91],{"class":66},[52,85586,83],{"class":70},[52,85588,85589],{"class":74},"giraffe",[52,85591,71],{"class":70},[52,85593,766],{"class":66},[52,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85597,142],{"class":141},[52,85599,145],{"class":66},[52,85601,84811],{"class":141},[52,85603,145],{"class":66},[52,85605,4467],{"class":124},[52,85607,91],{"class":66},[52,85609,21709],{"class":9529},[52,85611,63],{"class":62},[52,85613,11505],{"class":141},[52,85615,2120],{"class":66},[20,85617,173],{},[43,85619,85621],{"className":45,"code":85620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat\n",[15,85622,85623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85624,85625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85626,85620],{"class":58},[1335,85628,85630],{"id":85629},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[43,85632,85634],{"className":45,"code":85633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85635,85636,85646,85681,85713,85745,85749,85753,85792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85637,85638,85641,85643],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85639,85640],{"class":58},"students ",[52,85642,63],{"class":62},[52,85644,85645],{"class":66}," [\n",[52,85647,85648,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85672,85674,85676,85678],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85649,85650],{"class":66},"    {",[52,85652,71],{"class":70},[52,85654,75],{"class":74},[52,85656,71],{"class":70},[52,85658,80],{"class":66},[52,85660,83],{"class":70},[52,85662,86],{"class":74},[52,85664,71],{"class":70},[52,85666,91],{"class":66},[52,85668,83],{"class":70},[52,85670,85671],{"class":74},"score",[52,85673,71],{"class":70},[52,85675,80],{"class":66},[52,85677,763],{"class":103},[52,85679,85680],{"class":66},"},\n",[52,85682,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,85684,85650],{"class":66},[52,85686,71],{"class":70},[52,85688,75],{"class":74},[52,85690,71],{"class":70},[52,85692,80],{"class":66},[52,85694,83],{"class":70},[52,85696,36079],{"class":74},[52,85698,71],{"class":70},[52,85700,91],{"class":66},[52,85702,83],{"class":70},[52,85704,85671],{"class":74},[52,85706,71],{"class":70},[52,85708,80],{"class":66},[52,85710,85272],{"class":103},[52,85712,85680],{"class":66},[52,85714,85715,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,85716,85650],{"class":66},[52,85718,71],{"class":70},[52,85720,75],{"class":74},[52,85722,71],{"class":70},[52,85724,80],{"class":66},[52,85726,83],{"class":70},[52,85728,36088],{"class":74},[52,85730,71],{"class":70},[52,85732,91],{"class":66},[52,85734,83],{"class":70},[52,85736,85671],{"class":74},[52,85738,71],{"class":70},[52,85740,80],{"class":66},[52,85742,20027],{"class":103},[52,85744,107],{"class":66},[52,85746,85747],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,85748,766],{"class":66},[52,85750,85751],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,85752,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,85754,85755,85758,85760,85763,85765,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,85756,85757],{"class":58},"lowest ",[52,85759,63],{"class":62},[52,85761,85762],{"class":141}," min",[52,85764,145],{"class":66},[52,85766,85767],{"class":124},"students",[52,85769,91],{"class":66},[52,85771,21709],{"class":9529},[52,85773,63],{"class":62},[52,85775,37800],{"class":2413},[52,85777,118],{"class":37803},[52,85779,80],{"class":66},[52,85781,118],{"class":124},[52,85783,513],{"class":66},[52,85785,71],{"class":70},[52,85787,85671],{"class":74},[52,85789,71],{"class":70},[52,85791,913],{"class":66},[52,85793,85794,85796,85798,85801],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,85795,142],{"class":141},[52,85797,145],{"class":66},[52,85799,85800],{"class":124},"lowest",[52,85802,151],{"class":66},[20,85804,173],{},[43,85806,85808],{"className":45,"code":85807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85809,85810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85811,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85813,183],{"class":66},[52,85815,186],{"class":70},[52,85817,75],{"class":74},[52,85819,186],{"class":70},[52,85821,80],{"class":66},[52,85823,195],{"class":70},[52,85825,36079],{"class":74},[52,85827,186],{"class":70},[52,85829,91],{"class":66},[52,85831,195],{"class":70},[52,85833,85671],{"class":74},[52,85835,186],{"class":70},[52,85837,80],{"class":66},[52,85839,85272],{"class":103},[52,85841,107],{"class":66},[20,85843,85844,85845,85848],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85846,85847],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[38,85850,1326,85852,85854],{"id":85851},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85853,83087],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85856,85857],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[43,85859,85861],{"className":45,"code":85860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85862,85863,85871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85864,85865,85867,85869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85866,3971],{"class":58},[52,85868,63],{"class":62},[52,85870,8192],{"class":66},[52,85872,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85874,142],{"class":141},[52,85876,145],{"class":66},[52,85878,84811],{"class":141},[52,85880,145],{"class":66},[52,85882,4001],{"class":124},[52,85884,2120],{"class":66},[20,85886,173],{},[43,85888,85890],{"className":45,"code":85889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85891,85892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85893,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85895,40846],{"class":3251},[52,85897,80],{"class":66},[52,85899,85762],{"class":141},[52,85901,7719],{"class":66},[52,85903,84057],{"class":58},[52,85905,164],{"class":62},[52,85907,84062],{"class":58},[20,85909,85910,85911,80],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85912,83087],{},[43,85914,85916],{"className":45,"code":85915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85917,85918,85926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85919,85920,85922,85924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85921,3971],{"class":58},[52,85923,63],{"class":62},[52,85925,8192],{"class":66},[52,85927,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,85929,142],{"class":141},[52,85931,145],{"class":66},[52,85933,84811],{"class":141},[52,85935,145],{"class":66},[52,85937,4001],{"class":124},[52,85939,91],{"class":66},[52,85941,26655],{"class":9529},[52,85943,63],{"class":62},[52,85945,4133],{"class":218},[52,85947,2120],{"class":66},[20,85949,173],{},[43,85951,85952],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85953,85954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85955,85956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85957,12141],{"class":218},[20,85959,85960],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85962,85963],{},"Remember:",[234,85965,85966,85974],{},[237,85967,85968,85970,85971,85973],{},[15,85969,83087],{}," works only when ",[15,85972,84386],{}," gets one iterable argument",[237,85975,85976,85977],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85978,85979],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85981,85982,85983,121],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[257,85984,65990],{"href":73029},[38,85986,11088],{"id":11087},[20,85988,56924,85989,121],{},[15,85990,84386],{},[1335,85992,85994,85995],{"id":85993},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85996,83087],{},[20,85998,3352,85999,80],{},[15,86000,40846],{},[43,86002,86004],{"className":45,"code":86003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86005,86006,86014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86007,86008,86010,86012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86009,8133],{"class":58},[52,86011,63],{"class":62},[52,86013,8192],{"class":66},[52,86015,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86017,142],{"class":141},[52,86019,145],{"class":66},[52,86021,84811],{"class":141},[52,86023,145],{"class":66},[52,86025,8163],{"class":124},[52,86027,2120],{"class":66},[20,86029,86030],{},"Fix it by:",[234,86032,86033,86036],{},[237,86034,86035],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[237,86037,86038,86039],{},"or using ",[15,86040,83087],{},[43,86042,86044],{"className":45,"code":86043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86045,86046,86054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86047,86048,86050,86052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86049,8133],{"class":58},[52,86051,63],{"class":62},[52,86053,8192],{"class":66},[52,86055,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074,86077,86079],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86057,142],{"class":141},[52,86059,145],{"class":66},[52,86061,84811],{"class":141},[52,86063,145],{"class":66},[52,86065,8163],{"class":124},[52,86067,91],{"class":66},[52,86069,26655],{"class":9529},[52,86071,63],{"class":62},[52,86073,71],{"class":70},[52,86075,86076],{"class":74},"no items",[52,86078,71],{"class":70},[52,86080,2120],{"class":66},[1335,86082,86084],{"id":86083},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86086,86087],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[43,86089,86091],{"className":45,"code":86090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86092,86093,86117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86094,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86096,1815],{"class":58},[52,86098,63],{"class":62},[52,86100,755],{"class":66},[52,86102,2679],{"class":103},[52,86104,91],{"class":66},[52,86106,83],{"class":70},[52,86108,15880],{"class":74},[52,86110,71],{"class":70},[52,86112,91],{"class":66},[52,86114,4959],{"class":103},[52,86116,766],{"class":66},[52,86118,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86120,142],{"class":141},[52,86122,145],{"class":66},[52,86124,84811],{"class":141},[52,86126,145],{"class":66},[52,86128,1868],{"class":124},[52,86130,2120],{"class":66},[20,86132,173],{},[43,86134,86136],{"className":45,"code":86135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError\n",[15,86137,86138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86139,86140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86141,86135],{"class":3251},[20,86143,86144],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86146,86147,86148,121],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86149,84386],{},[43,86151,86153],{"className":45,"code":86152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86154,86155,86179,86205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86156,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86158,1815],{"class":58},[52,86160,63],{"class":62},[52,86162,755],{"class":66},[52,86164,2679],{"class":103},[52,86166,91],{"class":66},[52,86168,83],{"class":70},[52,86170,15880],{"class":74},[52,86172,71],{"class":70},[52,86174,91],{"class":66},[52,86176,4959],{"class":103},[52,86178,766],{"class":66},[52,86180,86181,86183,86185,86187,86189,86191,86193,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86182,3971],{"class":58},[52,86184,63],{"class":62},[52,86186,755],{"class":66},[52,86188,2535],{"class":3251},[52,86190,145],{"class":66},[52,86192,1357],{"class":124},[52,86194,4014],{"class":66},[52,86196,4232],{"class":163},[52,86198,4235],{"class":58},[52,86200,4238],{"class":163},[52,86202,1853],{"class":58},[52,86204,766],{"class":66},[52,86206,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,86208,142],{"class":141},[52,86210,145],{"class":66},[52,86212,84811],{"class":141},[52,86214,145],{"class":66},[52,86216,4001],{"class":124},[52,86218,2120],{"class":66},[20,86220,173],{},[43,86222,86223],{"className":45,"code":3297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86224,86225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86226,86227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86228,3297],{"class":103},[20,86230,86231,86232,121],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86233,3355],{},[1335,86235,86237],{"id":86236},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86239,86240],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[43,86242,86244],{"className":45,"code":86243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86245,86246,86278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86247,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86249,4423],{"class":58},[52,86251,63],{"class":62},[52,86253,755],{"class":66},[52,86255,71],{"class":70},[52,86257,79711],{"class":74},[52,86259,71],{"class":70},[52,86261,91],{"class":66},[52,86263,83],{"class":70},[52,86265,57917],{"class":74},[52,86267,71],{"class":70},[52,86269,91],{"class":66},[52,86271,83],{"class":70},[52,86273,79728],{"class":74},[52,86275,71],{"class":70},[52,86277,766],{"class":66},[52,86279,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86281,142],{"class":141},[52,86283,145],{"class":66},[52,86285,84811],{"class":141},[52,86287,145],{"class":66},[52,86289,4467],{"class":124},[52,86291,2120],{"class":66},[20,86293,173],{},[43,86295,86296],{"className":45,"code":85507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86297,86298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86299,86300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86301,85507],{"class":58},[20,86303,86304],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[43,86306,86308],{"className":45,"code":86307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86309,86310,86342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86311,86312,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86313,4423],{"class":58},[52,86315,63],{"class":62},[52,86317,755],{"class":66},[52,86319,71],{"class":70},[52,86321,79711],{"class":74},[52,86323,71],{"class":70},[52,86325,91],{"class":66},[52,86327,83],{"class":70},[52,86329,57917],{"class":74},[52,86331,71],{"class":70},[52,86333,91],{"class":66},[52,86335,83],{"class":70},[52,86337,79728],{"class":74},[52,86339,71],{"class":70},[52,86341,766],{"class":66},[52,86343,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86345,142],{"class":141},[52,86347,145],{"class":66},[52,86349,84811],{"class":141},[52,86351,145],{"class":66},[52,86353,4467],{"class":124},[52,86355,91],{"class":66},[52,86357,21709],{"class":9529},[52,86359,63],{"class":62},[52,86361,3795],{"class":3251},[52,86363,121],{"class":66},[52,86365,8995],{"class":24881},[52,86367,2120],{"class":66},[20,86369,173],{},[43,86371,86372],{"className":45,"code":85507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86373,86374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86375,86376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86377,85507],{"class":58},[20,86379,86380],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[38,86382,1063,86384],{"id":86383},"when-to-use-min",[15,86385,84386],{},[20,86387,222,86388,1070],{},[15,86389,84386],{},[234,86391,86392,86395,86400],{},[237,86393,86394],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[237,86396,86397,86398],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86399,2139],{},[237,86401,86402],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86404,222,86405,86409],{},[257,86406,86407],{"href":74672},[15,86408,74575],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86411,222,86412,86417],{},[257,86413,86415],{"href":86414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86416,82732],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[38,86419,2022],{"id":2021},[20,86421,84391],{},[234,86423,86424,86432,86435,86440,86447],{},[237,86425,86426,86427,86429,86430],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86428,84386],{}," without using ",[15,86431,83087],{},[237,86433,86434],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[237,86436,8807,86437,86439],{},[15,86438,84386],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[237,86441,5058,86442,86444,86445,85548],{},[15,86443,2139],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86446,84386],{},[237,86448,1326,86449,86451],{},[15,86450,83087],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86453,86454,86455,86457],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86456,84386],{},", these quick checks can help:",[43,86459,86461],{"className":45,"code":86460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86462,86463,86477,86487,86501,86515,86537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86464,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86466,142],{"class":141},[52,86468,145],{"class":66},[52,86470,3573],{"class":3251},[52,86472,145],{"class":66},[52,86474,1868],{"class":124},[52,86476,2120],{"class":66},[52,86478,86479,86481,86483,86485],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86480,142],{"class":141},[52,86482,145],{"class":66},[52,86484,1868],{"class":124},[52,86486,151],{"class":66},[52,86488,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,86490,142],{"class":141},[52,86492,145],{"class":66},[52,86494,11505],{"class":141},[52,86496,145],{"class":66},[52,86498,1868],{"class":124},[52,86500,2120],{"class":66},[52,86502,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,86504,142],{"class":141},[52,86506,145],{"class":66},[52,86508,84811],{"class":141},[52,86510,145],{"class":66},[52,86512,1868],{"class":124},[52,86514,2120],{"class":66},[52,86516,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,86518,142],{"class":141},[52,86520,145],{"class":66},[52,86522,84811],{"class":141},[52,86524,145],{"class":66},[52,86526,1868],{"class":124},[52,86528,91],{"class":66},[52,86530,26655],{"class":9529},[52,86532,63],{"class":62},[52,86534,4133],{"class":218},[52,86536,2120],{"class":66},[52,86538,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,86540,142],{"class":141},[52,86542,145],{"class":66},[52,86544,84811],{"class":141},[52,86546,145],{"class":66},[52,86548,4467],{"class":124},[52,86550,91],{"class":66},[52,86552,21709],{"class":9529},[52,86554,63],{"class":62},[52,86556,11505],{"class":141},[52,86558,2120],{"class":66},[20,86560,86561,86562,86565,86566,86568],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86563,86564],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86567,1868],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[38,86570,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,86572,5495,86574,5498],{"id":86573},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86575,84386],{},[20,86577,86578],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1335,86580,5523,86582,84567],{"id":86581},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86583,84386],{},[20,86585,86586],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1335,86588,71797],{"id":71796},[20,86590,86591,52642,86593,84579,86595,36761],{},[15,86592,84386],{},[15,86594,40846],{},[15,86596,83087],{},[1335,86598,5495,86600,86602,86603,2221],{"id":86599},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86601,2139],{}," do in ",[15,86604,84386],{},[20,86606,86607,86609,86610,86612],{},[15,86608,2139],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86611,83640],{}," compares strings by length.",[1335,86614,2215,86616,2218,86618,2221],{"id":86615},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86617,84386],{},[15,86619,74575],{},[20,86621,86622,86624,86625,86627],{},[15,86623,84386],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86626,74575],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[38,86629,2240],{"id":2239},[234,86631,86632,86638,86644,86650,86654,86658],{},[237,86633,86634],{},[257,86635,86636,3861],{"href":86414},[15,86637,82732],{},[237,86639,86640],{},[257,86641,86642,3861],{"href":74672},[15,86643,74575],{},[237,86645,86646],{},[257,86647,86648,3861],{"href":42501},[15,86649,42504],{},[237,86651,86652],{},[257,86653,80024],{"href":78527},[237,86655,86656],{},[257,86657,59105],{"href":59104},[237,86659,86660],{},[257,86661,65990],{"href":73029},[2278,86663,86664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":86666},[86667,86668,86670,86676,86678,86680,86685,86687,86693,86695,86696,86707],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":84870,"depth":110,"text":86669},"What min() does",{"id":84891,"depth":110,"text":84892,"children":86671},[86672,86673,86674,86675],{"id":84976,"depth":131,"text":84979},{"id":85038,"depth":131,"text":85041},{"id":85088,"depth":131,"text":85091},{"id":85182,"depth":131,"text":85185},{"id":85244,"depth":110,"text":86677},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85379,"depth":110,"text":86679},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85526,"depth":110,"text":86681,"children":86682},"Using min() with a key function",[86683,86684],{"id":85554,"depth":131,"text":85555},{"id":85629,"depth":131,"text":85630},{"id":85851,"depth":110,"text":86686},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11087,"depth":110,"text":11088,"children":86688},[86689,86691,86692],{"id":85993,"depth":131,"text":86690},"Empty list without default",{"id":86083,"depth":131,"text":86084},{"id":86236,"depth":131,"text":86237},{"id":86383,"depth":110,"text":86694},"When to use min()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":86697},[86698,86700,86702,86703,86705],{"id":86573,"depth":131,"text":86699},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86581,"depth":131,"text":86701},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71796,"depth":131,"text":71797},{"id":86599,"depth":131,"text":86704},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86615,"depth":131,"text":86706},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84753,"description":86708},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86715,"title":86716,"body":86717,"description":88896,"extension":2310,"meta":88897,"navigation":134,"path":88898,"seo":88899,"stem":88900,"__hash__":88901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86718,"toc":88860},[86719,86722,86728,86734,86736,86817,86826,86830,86835,86837,86882,86884,86964,86970,86972,86975,87007,87009,87027,87029,87102,87104,87123,87127,87130,87166,87168,87235,87309,87382,87387,87391,87397,87400,87417,87420,87422,87483,87485,87505,87511,87515,87518,87588,87591,87610,87615,87691,87694,87698,87704,87708,87713,87783,87787,87792,87866,87870,87873,87948,87959,87963,87968,88058,88063,88131,88134,88153,88164,88168,88171,88176,88179,88241,88244,88255,88260,88263,88266,88271,88274,88277,88281,88284,88290,88293,88304,88306,88368,88383,88389,88392,88395,88406,88417,88423,88426,88428,88490,88500,88506,88511,88517,88521,88527,88530,88551,88553,88558,88585,88588,88615,88618,88657,88660,88698,88701,88762,88765,88767,88771,88774,88778,88784,88792,88800,88804,88807,88811,88817,88819,88857],[10,86720,86716],{"id":86721},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86723,86724,86727],{},[15,86725,86726],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86729,86730,86731,86733],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86732,86726],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[38,86735,41],{"id":40},[43,86737,86739],{"className":45,"code":86738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86740,86741,86790,86806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86742,86743,86746,86749,86751,86753,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86771,86773,86775,86778,86780,86782,86784,86788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86744,86745],{"class":163},"with",[52,86747,86748],{"class":141}," open",[52,86750,145],{"class":66},[52,86752,71],{"class":70},[52,86754,86755],{"class":74},"example.txt",[52,86757,71],{"class":70},[52,86759,91],{"class":66},[52,86761,83],{"class":70},[52,86763,60655],{"class":74},[52,86765,71],{"class":70},[52,86767,91],{"class":66},[52,86769,86770],{"class":9529}," encoding",[52,86772,63],{"class":62},[52,86774,71],{"class":70},[52,86776,86777],{"class":74},"utf-8",[52,86779,71],{"class":70},[52,86781,4014],{"class":66},[52,86783,47503],{"class":163},[52,86785,86787],{"class":86786},"sMMDD"," file",[52,86789,6748],{"class":66},[52,86791,86792,86795,86797,86799,86801,86804],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86793,86794],{"class":58},"    content ",[52,86796,63],{"class":62},[52,86798,86787],{"class":86786},[52,86800,121],{"class":66},[52,86802,86803],{"class":124},"read",[52,86805,128],{"class":66},[52,86807,86808,86810,86812,86815],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,86809,8423],{"class":141},[52,86811,145],{"class":66},[52,86813,86814],{"class":124},"content",[52,86816,151],{"class":66},[20,86818,222,86819,86821,86822,86825],{},[15,86820,86745],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86823,86824],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[38,86827,86829],{"id":86828},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86831,86832,86834],{},[15,86833,86726],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86836,11798],{},[234,86838,86839,86842,86847,86852],{},[237,86840,86841],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[237,86843,41048,86844,86846],{},[33,86845,1332],{}," read or write anything by itself",[237,86848,17549,86849],{},[33,86850,86851],{},"file object",[237,86853,86854,86855],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[234,86856,86857,86862,86867,86872,86877],{},[237,86858,86859],{},[15,86860,86861],{},"read()",[237,86863,86864],{},[15,86865,86866],{},"readline()",[237,86868,86869],{},[15,86870,86871],{},"readlines()",[237,86873,86874],{},[15,86875,86876],{},"write()",[237,86878,86879],{},[15,86880,86881],{},"close()",[20,86883,309],{},[43,86885,86887],{"className":45,"code":86886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86888,86889,86928,86943,86953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86890,86891,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86892,86893],{"class":86786},"file",[52,86895,525],{"class":62},[52,86897,86748],{"class":141},[52,86899,145],{"class":66},[52,86901,71],{"class":70},[52,86903,86755],{"class":74},[52,86905,71],{"class":70},[52,86907,91],{"class":66},[52,86909,83],{"class":70},[52,86911,60655],{"class":74},[52,86913,71],{"class":70},[52,86915,91],{"class":66},[52,86917,86770],{"class":9529},[52,86919,63],{"class":62},[52,86921,71],{"class":70},[52,86923,86777],{"class":74},[52,86925,71],{"class":70},[52,86927,151],{"class":66},[52,86929,86930,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,86931,86932],{"class":58},"content ",[52,86934,63],{"class":62},[52,86936,86787],{"class":86786},[52,86938,121],{"class":66},[52,86940,86803],{"class":124},[52,86942,128],{"class":66},[52,86944,86945,86947,86949,86951],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,86946,142],{"class":141},[52,86948,145],{"class":66},[52,86950,86814],{"class":124},[52,86952,151],{"class":66},[52,86954,86955,86957,86959,86962],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,86956,86893],{"class":86786},[52,86958,121],{"class":66},[52,86960,86961],{"class":124},"close",[52,86963,128],{"class":66},[20,86965,86966,86967,86969],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86968,86745],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[38,86971,269],{"id":268},[20,86973,86974],{},"A common form is:",[43,86976,86978],{"className":45,"code":86977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86979,86980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86981,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86983,42570],{"class":141},[52,86985,145],{"class":66},[52,86987,86893],{"class":86786},[52,86989,91],{"class":66},[52,86991,86992],{"class":124}," mode",[52,86994,91],{"class":66},[52,86996,86770],{"class":9529},[52,86998,63],{"class":62},[52,87000,71],{"class":70},[52,87002,86777],{"class":74},[52,87004,71],{"class":70},[52,87006,151],{"class":66},[20,87008,65196],{},[234,87010,87011,87016,87021],{},[237,87012,87013,87015],{},[15,87014,86893],{}," is the file name or file path",[237,87017,87018,87020],{},[15,87019,21048],{}," controls how the file is opened",[237,87022,87023,87026],{},[15,87024,87025],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87028,309],{},[43,87030,87032],{"className":45,"code":87031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87033,87034,87077,87092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87035,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87037,86745],{"class":163},[52,87039,86748],{"class":141},[52,87041,145],{"class":66},[52,87043,71],{"class":70},[52,87045,87046],{"class":74},"notes.txt",[52,87048,71],{"class":70},[52,87050,91],{"class":66},[52,87052,83],{"class":70},[52,87054,60655],{"class":74},[52,87056,71],{"class":70},[52,87058,91],{"class":66},[52,87060,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87062,63],{"class":62},[52,87064,71],{"class":70},[52,87066,86777],{"class":74},[52,87068,71],{"class":70},[52,87070,4014],{"class":66},[52,87072,47503],{"class":163},[52,87074,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87076,6748],{"class":66},[52,87078,87079,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87080,87081],{"class":58},"    text ",[52,87083,63],{"class":62},[52,87085,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87087,121],{"class":66},[52,87089,86803],{"class":124},[52,87091,128],{"class":66},[52,87093,87094,87096,87098,87100],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87095,8423],{"class":141},[52,87097,145],{"class":66},[52,87099,34845],{"class":124},[52,87101,151],{"class":66},[20,87103,20086],{},[234,87105,87106,87112,87117],{},[237,87107,87108,87111],{},[15,87109,87110],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[237,87113,87114,87116],{},[15,87115,86824],{}," means open for reading",[237,87118,87119,87122],{},[15,87120,87121],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[38,87124,87126],{"id":87125},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87128,87129],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[234,87131,87132,87137,87143,87148,87154,87160],{},[237,87133,87134,87136],{},[15,87135,86824],{}," = read a text file",[237,87138,87139,87142],{},[15,87140,87141],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[237,87144,87145,87147],{},[15,87146,18224],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[237,87149,87150,87153],{},[15,87151,87152],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[237,87155,87156,87159],{},[15,87157,87158],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[237,87161,87162,87165],{},[15,87163,87164],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87167,2473],{},[43,87169,87171],{"className":45,"code":87170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87172,87173,87178,87221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87174,87175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87176,87177],{"class":4017},"# Read a text file\n",[52,87179,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87181,86745],{"class":163},[52,87183,86748],{"class":141},[52,87185,145],{"class":66},[52,87187,71],{"class":70},[52,87189,87190],{"class":74},"data.txt",[52,87192,71],{"class":70},[52,87194,91],{"class":66},[52,87196,83],{"class":70},[52,87198,60655],{"class":74},[52,87200,71],{"class":70},[52,87202,91],{"class":66},[52,87204,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87206,63],{"class":62},[52,87208,71],{"class":70},[52,87210,86777],{"class":74},[52,87212,71],{"class":70},[52,87214,4014],{"class":66},[52,87216,47503],{"class":163},[52,87218,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87220,6748],{"class":66},[52,87222,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87224,8423],{"class":141},[52,87226,145],{"class":66},[52,87228,86893],{"class":86786},[52,87230,121],{"class":66},[52,87232,86803],{"class":124},[52,87234,7547],{"class":66},[43,87236,87238],{"className":45,"code":87237,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87239,87240,87245,87287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87241,87242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87243,87244],{"class":4017},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[52,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87248,86745],{"class":163},[52,87250,86748],{"class":141},[52,87252,145],{"class":66},[52,87254,71],{"class":70},[52,87256,87190],{"class":74},[52,87258,71],{"class":70},[52,87260,91],{"class":66},[52,87262,83],{"class":70},[52,87264,60638],{"class":74},[52,87266,71],{"class":70},[52,87268,91],{"class":66},[52,87270,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87272,63],{"class":62},[52,87274,71],{"class":70},[52,87276,86777],{"class":74},[52,87278,71],{"class":70},[52,87280,4014],{"class":66},[52,87282,47503],{"class":163},[52,87284,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87286,6748],{"class":66},[52,87288,87289,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87305,87307],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87290,87291],{"class":86786},"    file",[52,87293,121],{"class":66},[52,87295,70346],{"class":124},[52,87297,145],{"class":66},[52,87299,71],{"class":70},[52,87301,35004],{"class":74},[52,87303,87304],{"class":34589},"\\n",[52,87306,71],{"class":70},[52,87308,151],{"class":66},[43,87310,87312],{"className":45,"code":87311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87313,87314,87319,87361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87315,87316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87317,87318],{"class":4017},"# Append to a text file\n",[52,87320,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87322,86745],{"class":163},[52,87324,86748],{"class":141},[52,87326,145],{"class":66},[52,87328,71],{"class":70},[52,87330,87190],{"class":74},[52,87332,71],{"class":70},[52,87334,91],{"class":66},[52,87336,83],{"class":70},[52,87338,257],{"class":74},[52,87340,71],{"class":70},[52,87342,91],{"class":66},[52,87344,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87346,63],{"class":62},[52,87348,71],{"class":70},[52,87350,86777],{"class":74},[52,87352,71],{"class":70},[52,87354,4014],{"class":66},[52,87356,47503],{"class":163},[52,87358,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87360,6748],{"class":66},[52,87362,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87376,87378,87380],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87364,87291],{"class":86786},[52,87366,121],{"class":66},[52,87368,70346],{"class":124},[52,87370,145],{"class":66},[52,87372,71],{"class":70},[52,87374,87375],{"class":74},"Another line",[52,87377,87304],{"class":34589},[52,87379,71],{"class":70},[52,87381,151],{"class":66},[20,87383,69498,87384,87386],{},[15,87385,87141],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[38,87388,87390],{"id":87389},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87392,87393,22105,87395,121],{},[15,87394,86726],{},[33,87396,86851],{},[20,87398,87399],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[234,87401,87402,87407,87412],{},[237,87403,87404],{},[15,87405,87406],{},"file.read()",[237,87408,87409],{},[15,87410,87411],{},"file.write()",[237,87413,87414],{},[15,87415,87416],{},"file.close()",[20,87418,87419],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87421,309],{},[43,87423,87425],{"className":45,"code":87424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87426,87427,87469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87428,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87430,86745],{"class":163},[52,87432,86748],{"class":141},[52,87434,145],{"class":66},[52,87436,71],{"class":70},[52,87438,86755],{"class":74},[52,87440,71],{"class":70},[52,87442,91],{"class":66},[52,87444,83],{"class":70},[52,87446,60655],{"class":74},[52,87448,71],{"class":70},[52,87450,91],{"class":66},[52,87452,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87454,63],{"class":62},[52,87456,71],{"class":70},[52,87458,86777],{"class":74},[52,87460,71],{"class":70},[52,87462,4014],{"class":66},[52,87464,47503],{"class":163},[52,87466,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87468,6748],{"class":66},[52,87470,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87472,8423],{"class":141},[52,87474,145],{"class":66},[52,87476,3573],{"class":3251},[52,87478,145],{"class":66},[52,87480,86893],{"class":86786},[52,87482,2120],{"class":66},[20,87484,30163],{},[43,87486,87488],{"className":45,"code":87487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87489,87490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87491,87492,87494,87496,87498,87501,87503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87493,3642],{"class":62},[52,87495,3645],{"class":2413},[52,87497,195],{"class":70},[52,87499,87500],{"class":74},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[52,87502,186],{"class":70},[52,87504,3654],{"class":62},[20,87506,87507,87508,87510],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87509,86726],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[38,87512,87514],{"id":87513},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87516,87517],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[43,87519,87520],{"className":45,"code":86738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87521,87522,87564,87578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87523,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87525,86745],{"class":163},[52,87527,86748],{"class":141},[52,87529,145],{"class":66},[52,87531,71],{"class":70},[52,87533,86755],{"class":74},[52,87535,71],{"class":70},[52,87537,91],{"class":66},[52,87539,83],{"class":70},[52,87541,60655],{"class":74},[52,87543,71],{"class":70},[52,87545,91],{"class":66},[52,87547,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87549,63],{"class":62},[52,87551,71],{"class":70},[52,87553,86777],{"class":74},[52,87555,71],{"class":70},[52,87557,4014],{"class":66},[52,87559,47503],{"class":163},[52,87561,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87563,6748],{"class":66},[52,87565,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87567,86794],{"class":58},[52,87569,63],{"class":62},[52,87571,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87573,121],{"class":66},[52,87575,86803],{"class":124},[52,87577,128],{"class":66},[52,87579,87580,87582,87584,87586],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87581,8423],{"class":141},[52,87583,145],{"class":66},[52,87585,86814],{"class":124},[52,87587,151],{"class":66},[20,87589,87590],{},"Why this is recommended:",[234,87592,87593,87598,87604,87607],{},[237,87594,87595,87597],{},[15,87596,86745],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[237,87599,87600,87601,87603],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87602,86881],{}," yourself",[237,87605,87606],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[237,87608,87609],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87611,83903,87612,87614],{},[15,87613,86745],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[43,87616,87617],{"className":45,"code":86886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87618,87619,87657,87671,87681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87620,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87622,86893],{"class":86786},[52,87624,525],{"class":62},[52,87626,86748],{"class":141},[52,87628,145],{"class":66},[52,87630,71],{"class":70},[52,87632,86755],{"class":74},[52,87634,71],{"class":70},[52,87636,91],{"class":66},[52,87638,83],{"class":70},[52,87640,60655],{"class":74},[52,87642,71],{"class":70},[52,87644,91],{"class":66},[52,87646,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87648,63],{"class":62},[52,87650,71],{"class":70},[52,87652,86777],{"class":74},[52,87654,71],{"class":70},[52,87656,151],{"class":66},[52,87658,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87660,86932],{"class":58},[52,87662,63],{"class":62},[52,87664,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87666,121],{"class":66},[52,87668,86803],{"class":124},[52,87670,128],{"class":66},[52,87672,87673,87675,87677,87679],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87674,142],{"class":141},[52,87676,145],{"class":66},[52,87678,86814],{"class":124},[52,87680,151],{"class":66},[52,87682,87683,87685,87687,87689],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,87684,86893],{"class":86786},[52,87686,121],{"class":66},[52,87688,86961],{"class":124},[52,87690,128],{"class":66},[20,87692,87693],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[38,87695,87697],{"id":87696},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87699,87700,87701,87703],{},"Use mode ",[15,87702,86824],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1335,87705,87707],{"id":87706},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87709,87710,87712],{},[15,87711,86861],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[43,87714,87715],{"className":45,"code":86738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87716,87717,87759,87773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87718,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87720,86745],{"class":163},[52,87722,86748],{"class":141},[52,87724,145],{"class":66},[52,87726,71],{"class":70},[52,87728,86755],{"class":74},[52,87730,71],{"class":70},[52,87732,91],{"class":66},[52,87734,83],{"class":70},[52,87736,60655],{"class":74},[52,87738,71],{"class":70},[52,87740,91],{"class":66},[52,87742,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87744,63],{"class":62},[52,87746,71],{"class":70},[52,87748,86777],{"class":74},[52,87750,71],{"class":70},[52,87752,4014],{"class":66},[52,87754,47503],{"class":163},[52,87756,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87758,6748],{"class":66},[52,87760,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87762,86794],{"class":58},[52,87764,63],{"class":62},[52,87766,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87768,121],{"class":66},[52,87770,86803],{"class":124},[52,87772,128],{"class":66},[52,87774,87775,87777,87779,87781],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87776,8423],{"class":141},[52,87778,145],{"class":66},[52,87780,86814],{"class":124},[52,87782,151],{"class":66},[1335,87784,87786],{"id":87785},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87788,87789,87791],{},[15,87790,86866],{}," reads one line at a time.",[43,87793,87795],{"className":45,"code":87794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87796,87797,87839,87855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87798,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87800,86745],{"class":163},[52,87802,86748],{"class":141},[52,87804,145],{"class":66},[52,87806,71],{"class":70},[52,87808,86755],{"class":74},[52,87810,71],{"class":70},[52,87812,91],{"class":66},[52,87814,83],{"class":70},[52,87816,60655],{"class":74},[52,87818,71],{"class":70},[52,87820,91],{"class":66},[52,87822,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87824,63],{"class":62},[52,87826,71],{"class":70},[52,87828,86777],{"class":74},[52,87830,71],{"class":70},[52,87832,4014],{"class":66},[52,87834,47503],{"class":163},[52,87836,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87838,6748],{"class":66},[52,87840,87841,87844,87846,87848,87850,87853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87842,87843],{"class":58},"    first_line ",[52,87845,63],{"class":62},[52,87847,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87849,121],{"class":66},[52,87851,87852],{"class":124},"readline",[52,87854,128],{"class":66},[52,87856,87857,87859,87861,87864],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87858,8423],{"class":141},[52,87860,145],{"class":66},[52,87862,87863],{"class":124},"first_line",[52,87865,151],{"class":66},[1335,87867,87869],{"id":87868},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87871,87872],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[43,87874,87876],{"className":45,"code":87875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87877,87878,87920,87934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87879,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87881,86745],{"class":163},[52,87883,86748],{"class":141},[52,87885,145],{"class":66},[52,87887,71],{"class":70},[52,87889,86755],{"class":74},[52,87891,71],{"class":70},[52,87893,91],{"class":66},[52,87895,83],{"class":70},[52,87897,60655],{"class":74},[52,87899,71],{"class":70},[52,87901,91],{"class":66},[52,87903,86770],{"class":9529},[52,87905,63],{"class":62},[52,87907,71],{"class":70},[52,87909,86777],{"class":74},[52,87911,71],{"class":70},[52,87913,4014],{"class":66},[52,87915,47503],{"class":163},[52,87917,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87919,6748],{"class":66},[52,87921,87922,87925,87928,87930,87932],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,87923,87924],{"class":163},"    for",[52,87926,87927],{"class":58}," line ",[52,87929,4238],{"class":163},[52,87931,86787],{"class":86786},[52,87933,6748],{"class":66},[52,87935,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,87937,47483],{"class":141},[52,87939,145],{"class":66},[52,87941,54],{"class":124},[52,87943,121],{"class":66},[52,87945,8989],{"class":124},[52,87947,7547],{"class":66},[20,87949,87950,87951,261,87955,121],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[257,87952,87954],{"href":87953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[257,87956,87958],{"href":87957},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[38,87960,87962],{"id":87961},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87964,222,87965,87967],{},[15,87966,87141],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[43,87969,87971],{"className":45,"code":87970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87972,87973,88016,88037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87974,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87986,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87976,86745],{"class":163},[52,87978,86748],{"class":141},[52,87980,145],{"class":66},[52,87982,71],{"class":70},[52,87984,87985],{"class":74},"output.txt",[52,87987,71],{"class":70},[52,87989,91],{"class":66},[52,87991,83],{"class":70},[52,87993,60638],{"class":74},[52,87995,71],{"class":70},[52,87997,91],{"class":66},[52,87999,86770],{"class":9529},[52,88001,63],{"class":62},[52,88003,71],{"class":70},[52,88005,86777],{"class":74},[52,88007,71],{"class":70},[52,88009,4014],{"class":66},[52,88011,47503],{"class":163},[52,88013,86787],{"class":86786},[52,88015,6748],{"class":66},[52,88017,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88031,88033,88035],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88019,87291],{"class":86786},[52,88021,121],{"class":66},[52,88023,70346],{"class":124},[52,88025,145],{"class":66},[52,88027,71],{"class":70},[52,88029,88030],{"class":74},"First line",[52,88032,87304],{"class":34589},[52,88034,71],{"class":70},[52,88036,151],{"class":66},[52,88038,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88052,88054,88056],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,88040,87291],{"class":86786},[52,88042,121],{"class":66},[52,88044,70346],{"class":124},[52,88046,145],{"class":66},[52,88048,71],{"class":70},[52,88050,88051],{"class":74},"Second line",[52,88053,87304],{"class":34589},[52,88055,71],{"class":70},[52,88057,151],{"class":66},[20,88059,222,88060,88062],{},[15,88061,18224],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[43,88064,88066],{"className":45,"code":88065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88067,88068,88110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88069,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88071,86745],{"class":163},[52,88073,86748],{"class":141},[52,88075,145],{"class":66},[52,88077,71],{"class":70},[52,88079,87985],{"class":74},[52,88081,71],{"class":70},[52,88083,91],{"class":66},[52,88085,83],{"class":70},[52,88087,257],{"class":74},[52,88089,71],{"class":70},[52,88091,91],{"class":66},[52,88093,86770],{"class":9529},[52,88095,63],{"class":62},[52,88097,71],{"class":70},[52,88099,86777],{"class":74},[52,88101,71],{"class":70},[52,88103,4014],{"class":66},[52,88105,47503],{"class":163},[52,88107,86787],{"class":86786},[52,88109,6748],{"class":66},[52,88111,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88125,88127,88129],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88113,87291],{"class":86786},[52,88115,121],{"class":66},[52,88117,70346],{"class":124},[52,88119,145],{"class":66},[52,88121,71],{"class":70},[52,88123,88124],{"class":74},"Third line",[52,88126,87304],{"class":34589},[52,88128,71],{"class":70},[52,88130,151],{"class":66},[20,88132,88133],{},"Important detail:",[234,88135,88136,88141,88148],{},[237,88137,88138,88140],{},[15,88139,86876],{}," writes a string",[237,88142,88143,1329,88145,88147],{},[15,88144,86876],{},[33,88146,1332],{}," add a newline for you",[237,88149,88150,88151,87603],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88152,87304],{},[20,88154,88155,88156,261,88160,121],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[257,88157,88159],{"href":88158},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[257,88161,88163],{"href":88162},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[38,88165,88167],{"id":88166},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88169,88170],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1335,88172,88174],{"id":88173},"encodingutf-8",[15,88175,87121],{},[20,88177,88178],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[43,88180,88182],{"className":45,"code":88181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88183,88184,88227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88185,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88187,86745],{"class":163},[52,88189,86748],{"class":141},[52,88191,145],{"class":66},[52,88193,71],{"class":70},[52,88195,88196],{"class":74},"message.txt",[52,88198,71],{"class":70},[52,88200,91],{"class":66},[52,88202,83],{"class":70},[52,88204,60655],{"class":74},[52,88206,71],{"class":70},[52,88208,91],{"class":66},[52,88210,86770],{"class":9529},[52,88212,63],{"class":62},[52,88214,71],{"class":70},[52,88216,86777],{"class":74},[52,88218,71],{"class":70},[52,88220,4014],{"class":66},[52,88222,47503],{"class":163},[52,88224,86787],{"class":86786},[52,88226,6748],{"class":66},[52,88228,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88230,8423],{"class":141},[52,88232,145],{"class":66},[52,88234,86893],{"class":86786},[52,88236,121],{"class":66},[52,88238,86803],{"class":124},[52,88240,7547],{"class":66},[20,88242,88243],{},"Why it matters:",[234,88245,88246,88249,88252],{},[237,88247,88248],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[237,88250,88251],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[237,88253,88254],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1335,88256,88258],{"id":88257},"newline",[15,88259,88257],{},[20,88261,88262],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88264,88265],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1335,88267,88269],{"id":88268},"buffering",[15,88270,88268],{},[20,88272,88273],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88275,88276],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[38,88278,88280],{"id":88279},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88282,88283],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1335,88285,88287],{"id":88286},"filenotfounderror",[15,88288,88289],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88291,88292],{},"This happens when:",[234,88294,88295,88298,88301],{},[237,88296,88297],{},"the file does not exist",[237,88299,88300],{},"the path is wrong",[237,88302,88303],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88305,309],{},[43,88307,88309],{"className":45,"code":88308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88310,88311,88354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88312,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88314,86745],{"class":163},[52,88316,86748],{"class":141},[52,88318,145],{"class":66},[52,88320,71],{"class":70},[52,88322,88323],{"class":74},"missing.txt",[52,88325,71],{"class":70},[52,88327,91],{"class":66},[52,88329,83],{"class":70},[52,88331,60655],{"class":74},[52,88333,71],{"class":70},[52,88335,91],{"class":66},[52,88337,86770],{"class":9529},[52,88339,63],{"class":62},[52,88341,71],{"class":70},[52,88343,86777],{"class":74},[52,88345,71],{"class":70},[52,88347,4014],{"class":66},[52,88349,47503],{"class":163},[52,88351,86787],{"class":86786},[52,88353,6748],{"class":66},[52,88355,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88357,8423],{"class":141},[52,88359,145],{"class":66},[52,88361,86893],{"class":86786},[52,88363,121],{"class":66},[52,88365,86803],{"class":124},[52,88367,7547],{"class":66},[20,88369,88370,88371,2218,88379,121],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[257,88372,88374,88375,88378],{"href":88373},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[52,88376,88377],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[257,88380,88382],{"href":88381},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1335,88384,88386],{"id":88385},"permissionerror",[15,88387,88388],{},"PermissionError",[20,88390,88391],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88393,88394],{},"Example causes:",[234,88396,88397,88400,88403],{},[237,88398,88399],{},"the file is protected",[237,88401,88402],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[237,88404,88405],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88407,88408,88409],{},"Related page: ",[257,88410,88412,88413,88416],{"href":88411},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[52,88414,88415],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1335,88418,88420],{"id":88419},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88421,88422],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88424,88425],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88427,309],{},[43,88429,88431],{"className":45,"code":88430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88432,88433,88476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88434,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88436,86745],{"class":163},[52,88438,86748],{"class":141},[52,88440,145],{"class":66},[52,88442,71],{"class":70},[52,88444,88445],{"class":74},"my_folder",[52,88447,71],{"class":70},[52,88449,91],{"class":66},[52,88451,83],{"class":70},[52,88453,60655],{"class":74},[52,88455,71],{"class":70},[52,88457,91],{"class":66},[52,88459,86770],{"class":9529},[52,88461,63],{"class":62},[52,88463,71],{"class":70},[52,88465,86777],{"class":74},[52,88467,71],{"class":70},[52,88469,4014],{"class":66},[52,88471,47503],{"class":163},[52,88473,86787],{"class":86786},[52,88475,6748],{"class":66},[52,88477,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88479,8423],{"class":141},[52,88481,145],{"class":66},[52,88483,86893],{"class":86786},[52,88485,121],{"class":66},[52,88487,86803],{"class":124},[52,88489,7547],{"class":66},[20,88491,88408,88492],{},[257,88493,88495,88496,88499],{"href":88494},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[52,88497,88498],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1335,88501,88503],{"id":88502},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88504,88505],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88507,88508,88509,121],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88510,86726],{},[20,88512,88408,88513],{},[257,88514,88516],{"href":88515},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[38,88518,88520],{"id":88519},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88522,88523,88524,88526],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88525,86726],{}," function.",[20,88528,88529],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[234,88531,88532,88535,88538,88544],{},[237,88533,88534],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[237,88536,88537],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[237,88539,88540,88541,88543],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88542,86726],{}," itself",[237,88545,88546,88547],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[257,88548,88550],{"href":88549},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[38,88552,2022],{"id":2021},[20,88554,88555,88556,80],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88557,86726],{},[234,88559,88560,88565,88571,88576,88579,88582],{},[237,88561,1326,88562,88564],{},[15,88563,86824],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[237,88566,88567,88568,88570],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88569,87025],{}," for text files",[237,88572,1326,88573,88575],{},[15,88574,87141],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[237,88577,88578],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[237,88580,88581],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[237,88583,88584],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88586,88587],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[43,88589,88591],{"className":45,"code":88590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88592,88593,88600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88594,88595,88597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88596,35228],{"class":163},[52,88598,88599],{"class":58}," os\n",[52,88601,88602,88604,88606,88608,88610,88613],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88603,142],{"class":141},[52,88605,145],{"class":66},[52,88607,42769],{"class":124},[52,88609,121],{"class":66},[52,88611,88612],{"class":124},"getcwd",[52,88614,7547],{"class":66},[20,88616,88617],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[43,88619,88621],{"className":45,"code":88620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88622,88623,88629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88624,88625,88627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88626,35228],{"class":163},[52,88628,88599],{"class":58},[52,88630,88631,88633,88635,88637,88639,88642,88644,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88632,142],{"class":141},[52,88634,145],{"class":66},[52,88636,42769],{"class":124},[52,88638,121],{"class":66},[52,88640,88641],{"class":24881},"path",[52,88643,121],{"class":66},[52,88645,88646],{"class":124},"exists",[52,88648,145],{"class":66},[52,88650,71],{"class":70},[52,88652,86755],{"class":74},[52,88654,71],{"class":70},[52,88656,2120],{"class":66},[20,88658,88659],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[43,88661,88663],{"className":45,"code":88662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88664,88665,88671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88666,88667,88669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88668,35228],{"class":163},[52,88670,88599],{"class":58},[52,88672,88673,88675,88677,88679,88681,88683,88685,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88674,142],{"class":141},[52,88676,145],{"class":66},[52,88678,42769],{"class":124},[52,88680,121],{"class":66},[52,88682,88641],{"class":24881},[52,88684,121],{"class":66},[52,88686,88687],{"class":124},"isfile",[52,88689,145],{"class":66},[52,88691,71],{"class":70},[52,88693,86755],{"class":74},[52,88695,71],{"class":70},[52,88697,2120],{"class":66},[20,88699,88700],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[43,88702,88704],{"className":45,"code":88703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88705,88706,88748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88707,88708,88710,88712,88714,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88709,86745],{"class":163},[52,88711,86748],{"class":141},[52,88713,145],{"class":66},[52,88715,71],{"class":70},[52,88717,86755],{"class":74},[52,88719,71],{"class":70},[52,88721,91],{"class":66},[52,88723,83],{"class":70},[52,88725,60655],{"class":74},[52,88727,71],{"class":70},[52,88729,91],{"class":66},[52,88731,86770],{"class":9529},[52,88733,63],{"class":62},[52,88735,71],{"class":70},[52,88737,86777],{"class":74},[52,88739,71],{"class":70},[52,88741,4014],{"class":66},[52,88743,47503],{"class":163},[52,88745,86787],{"class":86786},[52,88747,6748],{"class":66},[52,88749,88750,88752,88754,88756,88758,88760],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88751,8423],{"class":141},[52,88753,145],{"class":66},[52,88755,86893],{"class":86786},[52,88757,121],{"class":66},[52,88759,86803],{"class":124},[52,88761,7547],{"class":66},[20,88763,88764],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[38,88766,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,88768,88770],{"id":88769},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88772,88773],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1335,88775,88777],{"id":88776},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88779,88780,88781,88783],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88782,86745],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1335,88785,2215,88787,2218,88789,88791],{"id":88786},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88788,87141],{},[15,88790,18224],{}," mode?",[20,88793,88794,88796,88797,88799],{},[15,88795,87141],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88798,18224],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1335,88801,88803],{"id":88802},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88805,88806],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1335,88808,88810],{"id":88809},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88812,88813,88814,88816],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88815,87121],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[38,88818,2240],{"id":2239},[234,88820,88821,88825,88829,88833,88837,88841,88845,88851],{},[237,88822,88823],{},[257,88824,87954],{"href":87953},[237,88826,88827],{},[257,88828,88159],{"href":88158},[237,88830,88831],{},[257,88832,88163],{"href":88162},[237,88834,88835],{},[257,88836,87958],{"href":87957},[237,88838,88839],{},[257,88840,88550],{"href":88549},[237,88842,88843],{},[257,88844,88382],{"href":88381},[237,88846,88847],{},[257,88848,88374,88849,88378],{"href":88373},[52,88850,88377],{},[237,88852,88853],{},[257,88854,88412,88855,88416],{"href":88411},[52,88856,88415],{},[2278,88858,88859],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":88861},[88862,88863,88864,88865,88866,88867,88868,88873,88874,88879,88885,88886,88887,88895],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":86828,"depth":110,"text":86829},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":87125,"depth":110,"text":87126},{"id":87389,"depth":110,"text":87390},{"id":87513,"depth":110,"text":87514},{"id":87696,"depth":110,"text":87697,"children":88869},[88870,88871,88872],{"id":87706,"depth":131,"text":87707},{"id":87785,"depth":131,"text":87786},{"id":87868,"depth":131,"text":87869},{"id":87961,"depth":110,"text":87962},{"id":88166,"depth":110,"text":88167,"children":88875},[88876,88877,88878],{"id":88173,"depth":131,"text":87121},{"id":88257,"depth":131,"text":88257},{"id":88268,"depth":131,"text":88268},{"id":88279,"depth":110,"text":88280,"children":88880},[88881,88882,88883,88884],{"id":88286,"depth":131,"text":88289},{"id":88385,"depth":131,"text":88388},{"id":88419,"depth":131,"text":88422},{"id":88502,"depth":131,"text":88505},{"id":88519,"depth":110,"text":88520},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":88888},[88889,88890,88891,88893,88894],{"id":88769,"depth":131,"text":88770},{"id":88776,"depth":131,"text":88777},{"id":88786,"depth":131,"text":88892},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88802,"depth":131,"text":88803},{"id":88809,"depth":131,"text":88810},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86716,"description":88896},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88903,"title":88904,"body":88905,"description":90900,"extension":2310,"meta":90901,"navigation":134,"path":90902,"seo":90903,"stem":90904,"__hash__":90905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88906,"toc":90847},[88907,88912,88917,88923,88925,88993,88995,89014,89019,89024,89029,89032,89044,89046,89089,89091,89109,89120,89122,89124,89149,89151,89162,89164,89224,89226,89252,89255,89259,89264,89268,89271,89305,89309,89312,89337,89341,89364,89368,89401,89406,89410,89415,89418,89486,89488,89512,89517,89520,89551,89553,89585,89602,89606,89611,89635,89642,89647,89652,89655,89659,89694,89696,89705,89709,89800,89802,89833,89838,89845,89850,89859,89862,89896,89898,89912,89916,89957,89959,89968,89972,90020,90022,90036,90041,90052,90059,90065,90067,90102,90104,90118,90121,90143,90149,90178,90189,90195,90201,90215,90217,90296,90298,90348,90355,90357,90362,90366,90369,90384,90389,90391,90410,90416,90419,90434,90436,90454,90460,90465,90495,90498,90521,90524,90551,90558,90564,90572,90595,90600,90608,90610,90630,90634,90640,90690,90693,90715,90717,90723,90731,90737,90743,90751,90756,90760,90763,90786,90791,90798,90810,90812,90844],[10,88908,3928,88910,3932],{"id":88909},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88911,46597],{},[20,88913,32452,88914,88916],{},[15,88915,46597],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88918,88919,88920,88922],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88921,46597],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[38,88924,41],{"id":40},[43,88926,88928],{"className":45,"code":88927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88929,88930,88942,88951,88955,88965,88975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88931,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88933,8230],{"class":58},[52,88935,63],{"class":62},[52,88937,83],{"class":70},[52,88939,8275],{"class":74},[52,88941,3710],{"class":70},[52,88943,88944,88946,88948],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,88945,21758],{"class":58},[52,88947,63],{"class":62},[52,88949,88950],{"class":103}," 12\n",[52,88952,88953],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,88954,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,88956,88957,88959,88961,88963],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,88958,142],{"class":141},[52,88960,145],{"class":66},[52,88962,75],{"class":124},[52,88964,151],{"class":66},[52,88966,88967,88969,88971,88973],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,88968,142],{"class":141},[52,88970,145],{"class":66},[52,88972,96],{"class":124},[52,88974,151],{"class":66},[52,88976,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,88978,142],{"class":141},[52,88980,145],{"class":66},[52,88982,71],{"class":70},[52,88984,35004],{"class":74},[52,88986,71],{"class":70},[52,88988,91],{"class":66},[52,88990,36130],{"class":124},[52,88992,151],{"class":66},[20,88994,173],{},[43,88996,88998],{"className":45,"code":88997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88999,89000,89005,89009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89001,89002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89003,89004],{"class":58},"Mia\n",[52,89006,89007],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89008,2572],{"class":103},[52,89010,89011],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89012,89013],{"class":58},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89015,222,89016,89018],{},[15,89017,46597],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[38,89020,4031,89022,4034],{"id":89021},"what-print-does",[15,89023,46597],{},[20,89025,89026,89028],{},[15,89027,46597],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89030,89031],{},"You can use it to display:",[234,89033,89034,89036,89038,89041],{},[237,89035,34845],{},[237,89037,4001],{},[237,89039,89040],{},"variables",[237,89042,89043],{},"expressions",[20,89045,309],{},[43,89047,89049],{"className":45,"code":89048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89050,89051,89065,89075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89052,89053,89055,89057,89059,89061,89063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89054,142],{"class":141},[52,89056,145],{"class":66},[52,89058,71],{"class":70},[52,89060,35004],{"class":74},[52,89062,71],{"class":70},[52,89064,151],{"class":66},[52,89066,89067,89069,89071,89073],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89068,142],{"class":141},[52,89070,145],{"class":66},[52,89072,2484],{"class":103},[52,89074,151],{"class":66},[52,89076,89077,89079,89081,89083,89085,89087],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89078,142],{"class":141},[52,89080,145],{"class":66},[52,89082,2404],{"class":103},[52,89084,2804],{"class":62},[52,89086,2801],{"class":103},[52,89088,151],{"class":66},[20,89090,173],{},[43,89092,89094],{"className":45,"code":89093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89095,89096,89101,89105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89097,89098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89099,89100],{"class":58},"Hello\n",[52,89102,89103],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89104,3297],{"class":103},[52,89106,89107],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89108,3297],{"class":103},[20,89110,89111,89112,89114,89115,89119],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89113,46597],{}," ",[33,89116,4046,89117],{},[15,89118,4133],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[38,89121,269],{"id":268},[20,89123,30859],{},[43,89125,89127],{"className":45,"code":89126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89128,89129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89130,89131,89133,89135,89138,89140,89143,89145,89147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89132,142],{"class":141},[52,89134,145],{"class":66},[52,89136,89137],{"class":124},"object1",[52,89139,91],{"class":66},[52,89141,89142],{"class":124}," object2",[52,89144,91],{"class":66},[52,89146,34590],{"class":141},[52,89148,151],{"class":66},[20,89150,80354],{},[234,89152,89153,89156,89159],{},[237,89154,89155],{},"one value",[237,89157,89158],{},"many values",[237,89160,89161],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89163,309],{},[43,89165,89167],{"className":45,"code":89166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89168,89169,89183,89202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89170,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89172,142],{"class":141},[52,89174,145],{"class":66},[52,89176,71],{"class":70},[52,89178,57917],{"class":74},[52,89180,71],{"class":70},[52,89182,151],{"class":66},[52,89184,89185,89187,89189,89191,89194,89196,89198,89200],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89186,142],{"class":141},[52,89188,145],{"class":66},[52,89190,71],{"class":70},[52,89192,89193],{"class":74},"Score:",[52,89195,71],{"class":70},[52,89197,91],{"class":66},[52,89199,1972],{"class":103},[52,89201,151],{"class":66},[52,89203,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89205,142],{"class":141},[52,89207,145],{"class":66},[52,89209,71],{"class":70},[52,89211,45708],{"class":74},[52,89213,71],{"class":70},[52,89215,91],{"class":66},[52,89217,2807],{"class":103},[52,89219,2804],{"class":62},[52,89221,37784],{"class":103},[52,89223,151],{"class":66},[20,89225,173],{},[43,89227,89229],{"className":45,"code":89228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89230,89231,89235,89244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89232,89233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89234,85507],{"class":58},[52,89236,89237,89240,89242],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89238,89239],{"class":58},"Score",[52,89241,80],{"class":66},[52,89243,1883],{"class":103},[52,89245,89246,89248,89250],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89247,45748],{"class":58},[52,89249,80],{"class":66},[52,89251,1883],{"class":103},[20,89253,89254],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[38,89256,89258],{"id":89257},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89260,89261,89262,121],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89263,46597],{},[1335,89265,89267],{"id":89266},"print-text","Print text",[20,89269,89270],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[43,89272,89274],{"className":45,"code":89273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89275,89276,89290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89277,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89279,142],{"class":141},[52,89281,145],{"class":66},[52,89283,71],{"class":70},[52,89285,35004],{"class":74},[52,89287,71],{"class":70},[52,89289,151],{"class":66},[52,89291,89292,89294,89296,89298,89301,89303],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89293,142],{"class":141},[52,89295,145],{"class":66},[52,89297,71],{"class":70},[52,89299,89300],{"class":74},"Python is fun",[52,89302,71],{"class":70},[52,89304,151],{"class":66},[1335,89306,89308],{"id":89307},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89310,89311],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[43,89313,89315],{"className":45,"code":89314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89316,89317,89327],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89318,89319,89321,89323,89325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89320,142],{"class":141},[52,89322,145],{"class":66},[52,89324,2484],{"class":103},[52,89326,151],{"class":66},[52,89328,89329,89331,89333,89335],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89330,142],{"class":141},[52,89332,145],{"class":66},[52,89334,40285],{"class":103},[52,89336,151],{"class":66},[1335,89338,89340],{"id":89339},"print-variables","Print variables",[43,89342,89344],{"className":45,"code":89343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89345,89346,89354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89347,89348,89350,89352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89349,5448],{"class":58},[52,89351,63],{"class":62},[52,89353,1414],{"class":103},[52,89355,89356,89358,89360,89362],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89357,142],{"class":141},[52,89359,145],{"class":66},[52,89361,85671],{"class":124},[52,89363,151],{"class":66},[1335,89365,89367],{"id":89366},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[43,89369,89371],{"className":45,"code":89370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89372,89373,89387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89374,89375,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89376,142],{"class":141},[52,89378,145],{"class":66},[52,89380,2404],{"class":103},[52,89382,2804],{"class":62},[52,89384,2801],{"class":103},[52,89386,151],{"class":66},[52,89388,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89390,142],{"class":141},[52,89392,145],{"class":66},[52,89394,2679],{"class":103},[52,89396,82983],{"class":62},[52,89398,2807],{"class":103},[52,89400,151],{"class":66},[20,89402,89403,89404,121],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[257,89405,51123],{"href":51122},[38,89407,89409],{"id":89408},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89411,89412,89414],{},[15,89413,46597],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89416,89417],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[43,89419,89421],{"className":45,"code":89420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89422,89423,89436,89444,89448,89467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89424,89425,89427,89429,89431,89434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89426,8230],{"class":58},[52,89428,63],{"class":62},[52,89430,83],{"class":70},[52,89432,89433],{"class":74},"Ava",[52,89435,3710],{"class":70},[52,89437,89438,89440,89442],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89439,21758],{"class":58},[52,89441,63],{"class":62},[52,89443,1883],{"class":103},[52,89445,89446],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89447,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,89449,89450,89452,89454,89456,89459,89461,89463,89465],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,89451,142],{"class":141},[52,89453,145],{"class":66},[52,89455,71],{"class":70},[52,89457,89458],{"class":74},"Name:",[52,89460,71],{"class":70},[52,89462,91],{"class":66},[52,89464,36130],{"class":124},[52,89466,151],{"class":66},[52,89468,89469,89471,89473,89475,89478,89480,89482,89484],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,89470,142],{"class":141},[52,89472,145],{"class":66},[52,89474,71],{"class":70},[52,89476,89477],{"class":74},"Age:",[52,89479,71],{"class":70},[52,89481,91],{"class":66},[52,89483,9542],{"class":124},[52,89485,151],{"class":66},[20,89487,173],{},[43,89489,89491],{"className":45,"code":89490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89492,89493,89503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89494,89495,89498,89500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89496,89497],{"class":58},"Name",[52,89499,80],{"class":66},[52,89501,89502],{"class":58}," Ava\n",[52,89504,89505,89508,89510],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89506,89507],{"class":58},"Age",[52,89509,80],{"class":66},[52,89511,1883],{"class":103},[20,89513,89514,89515,121],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89516,2407],{},[20,89518,89519],{},"For example, this works:",[43,89521,89523],{"className":45,"code":89522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89524,89525,89533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89526,89527,89529,89531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89528,21758],{"class":58},[52,89530,63],{"class":62},[52,89532,1883],{"class":103},[52,89534,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89536,142],{"class":141},[52,89538,145],{"class":66},[52,89540,71],{"class":70},[52,89542,89477],{"class":74},[52,89544,71],{"class":70},[52,89546,91],{"class":66},[52,89548,9542],{"class":124},[52,89550,151],{"class":66},[20,89552,37066],{},[43,89554,89556],{"className":45,"code":89555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89557,89558,89566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89559,89560,89562,89564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89561,21758],{"class":58},[52,89563,63],{"class":62},[52,89565,1883],{"class":103},[52,89567,89568,89570,89572,89574,89577,89579,89581,89583],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89569,142],{"class":141},[52,89571,145],{"class":66},[52,89573,71],{"class":70},[52,89575,89576],{"class":74},"Age: ",[52,89578,71],{"class":70},[52,89580,2804],{"class":62},[52,89582,9542],{"class":124},[52,89584,151],{"class":66},[20,89586,89587,89588,89591,89592,89594,89595,89597,89598,121],{},"That fails because ",[15,89589,89590],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89593,96],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89596,2407],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[257,89599,89600],{"href":42318},[15,89601,47829],{},[38,89603,89605],{"id":89604},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89607,89608,89610],{},[15,89609,46597],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[234,89612,89613,89619,89624,89629],{},[237,89614,89615,89618],{},[15,89616,89617],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[237,89620,89621,89623],{},[15,89622,52808],{}," controls what is added after the output",[237,89625,89626,89628],{},[15,89627,86893],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[237,89630,89631,89634],{},[15,89632,89633],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89636,89637,89638,2218,89640,121],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89639,89617],{},[15,89641,52808],{},[38,89643,89645,36755],{"id":89644},"sep-argument",[15,89646,89617],{},[20,89648,2327,89649,89651],{},[15,89650,89617],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89653,89654],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1335,89656,89658],{"id":89657},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[43,89660,89662],{"className":45,"code":89661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89663,89664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89665,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89667,142],{"class":141},[52,89669,145],{"class":66},[52,89671,71],{"class":70},[52,89673,336],{"class":74},[52,89675,71],{"class":70},[52,89677,91],{"class":66},[52,89679,83],{"class":70},[52,89681,17583],{"class":74},[52,89683,71],{"class":70},[52,89685,91],{"class":66},[52,89687,83],{"class":70},[52,89689,354],{"class":74},[52,89691,71],{"class":70},[52,89693,151],{"class":66},[20,89695,173],{},[43,89697,89699],{"className":45,"code":89698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red green blue\n",[15,89700,89701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89702,89703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89704,89698],{"class":58},[1335,89706,89708],{"id":89707},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[43,89710,89712],{"className":45,"code":89711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89713,89714,89757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89715,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89717,142],{"class":141},[52,89719,145],{"class":66},[52,89721,71],{"class":70},[52,89723,336],{"class":74},[52,89725,71],{"class":70},[52,89727,91],{"class":66},[52,89729,83],{"class":70},[52,89731,17583],{"class":74},[52,89733,71],{"class":70},[52,89735,91],{"class":66},[52,89737,83],{"class":70},[52,89739,354],{"class":74},[52,89741,71],{"class":70},[52,89743,91],{"class":66},[52,89745,89746],{"class":9529}," sep",[52,89748,63],{"class":62},[52,89750,71],{"class":70},[52,89752,91],{"class":74},[52,89754,71],{"class":70},[52,89756,151],{"class":66},[52,89758,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89796,89798],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89760,142],{"class":141},[52,89762,145],{"class":66},[52,89764,71],{"class":70},[52,89766,336],{"class":74},[52,89768,71],{"class":70},[52,89770,91],{"class":66},[52,89772,83],{"class":70},[52,89774,17583],{"class":74},[52,89776,71],{"class":70},[52,89778,91],{"class":66},[52,89780,83],{"class":70},[52,89782,354],{"class":74},[52,89784,71],{"class":70},[52,89786,91],{"class":66},[52,89788,89746],{"class":9529},[52,89790,63],{"class":62},[52,89792,71],{"class":70},[52,89794,89795],{"class":74}," - ",[52,89797,71],{"class":70},[52,89799,151],{"class":66},[20,89801,173],{},[43,89803,89805],{"className":45,"code":89804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89806,89807,89819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89808,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89810,336],{"class":58},[52,89812,91],{"class":66},[52,89814,17583],{"class":58},[52,89816,91],{"class":66},[52,89818,70132],{"class":58},[52,89820,89821,89824,89826,89829,89831],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89822,89823],{"class":58},"red ",[52,89825,2369],{"class":62},[52,89827,89828],{"class":58}," green ",[52,89830,2369],{"class":62},[52,89832,36019],{"class":58},[20,89834,89835,89837],{},[15,89836,89617],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89839,89840,89841,121],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[257,89842,89844],{"href":89843},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[38,89846,89848,36755],{"id":89847},"end-argument",[15,89849,52808],{},[20,89851,89852,89853,89855,89856,89858],{},"By default, ",[15,89854,46597],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89857,46597],{}," starts on a new line.",[1335,89860,89658],{"id":89861},"default-behavior-1",[43,89863,89865],{"className":45,"code":89864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89866,89867,89881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89868,89869,89871,89873,89875,89877,89879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89870,142],{"class":141},[52,89872,145],{"class":66},[52,89874,71],{"class":70},[52,89876,35004],{"class":74},[52,89878,71],{"class":70},[52,89880,151],{"class":66},[52,89882,89883,89885,89887,89889,89892,89894],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89884,142],{"class":141},[52,89886,145],{"class":66},[52,89888,71],{"class":70},[52,89890,89891],{"class":74},"World",[52,89893,71],{"class":70},[52,89895,151],{"class":66},[20,89897,173],{},[43,89899,89901],{"className":45,"code":89900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89902,89903,89907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89904,89905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89906,89100],{"class":58},[52,89908,89909],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89910,89911],{"class":58},"World\n",[1335,89913,89915],{"id":89914},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[43,89917,89919],{"className":45,"code":89918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89920,89921,89943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89922,89923,89925,89927,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89924,142],{"class":141},[52,89926,145],{"class":66},[52,89928,71],{"class":70},[52,89930,35004],{"class":74},[52,89932,71],{"class":70},[52,89934,91],{"class":66},[52,89936,65191],{"class":9529},[52,89938,63],{"class":62},[52,89940,6626],{"class":70},[52,89942,151],{"class":66},[52,89944,89945,89947,89949,89951,89953,89955],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,89946,142],{"class":141},[52,89948,145],{"class":66},[52,89950,71],{"class":70},[52,89952,89891],{"class":74},[52,89954,71],{"class":70},[52,89956,151],{"class":66},[20,89958,173],{},[43,89960,89962],{"className":45,"code":89961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89963,89964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89965,89966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89967,89961],{"class":58},[1335,89969,89971],{"id":89970},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[43,89973,89975],{"className":45,"code":89974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89976,89977,90006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89978,89979,89981,89983,89985,89987,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997,90000,90002,90004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89980,142],{"class":141},[52,89982,145],{"class":66},[52,89984,71],{"class":70},[52,89986,35004],{"class":74},[52,89988,71],{"class":70},[52,89990,91],{"class":66},[52,89992,65191],{"class":9529},[52,89994,63],{"class":62},[52,89996,71],{"class":70},[52,89998,89999],{"class":74},"!",[52,90001,87304],{"class":34589},[52,90003,71],{"class":70},[52,90005,151],{"class":66},[52,90007,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90009,142],{"class":141},[52,90011,145],{"class":66},[52,90013,71],{"class":70},[52,90015,89891],{"class":74},[52,90017,71],{"class":70},[52,90019,151],{"class":66},[20,90021,173],{},[43,90023,90025],{"className":45,"code":90024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90026,90027,90032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90028,90029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90030,90031],{"class":58},"Hello!\n",[52,90033,90034],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90035,89911],{"class":58},[20,90037,2327,90038,90040],{},[15,90039,52808],{}," argument is useful for:",[234,90042,90043,90046,90049],{},[237,90044,90045],{},"progress messages",[237,90047,90048],{},"inline output",[237,90050,90051],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[38,90053,90055,2746,90057],{"id":90054},"print-returns-none",[15,90056,46597],{},[15,90058,4133],{},[20,90060,90061,90062,90064],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90063,46597],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90066,309],{},[43,90068,90070],{"className":45,"code":90069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90071,90072,90092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90073,90074,90076,90078,90081,90083,90085,90088,90090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90075,2577],{"class":58},[52,90077,63],{"class":62},[52,90079,90080],{"class":141}," print",[52,90082,145],{"class":66},[52,90084,71],{"class":70},[52,90086,90087],{"class":74},"Hi",[52,90089,71],{"class":70},[52,90091,151],{"class":66},[52,90093,90094,90096,90098,90100],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90095,142],{"class":141},[52,90097,145],{"class":66},[52,90099,2612],{"class":124},[52,90101,151],{"class":66},[20,90103,173],{},[43,90105,90107],{"className":45,"code":90106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90108,90109,90114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90110,90111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90112,90113],{"class":58},"Hi\n",[52,90115,90116],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90117,12141],{"class":218},[20,90119,90120],{},"Why does this happen?",[234,90122,90123,90131,90136],{},[237,90124,90125,90128,90129],{},[15,90126,90127],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90130,90087],{},[237,90132,90133,90134],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90135,4133],{},[237,90137,90138,90139,12253,90141],{},"so ",[15,90140,2612],{},[15,90142,4133],{},[20,90144,90145,90146,90148],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90147,46597],{}," call.",[43,90150,90152],{"className":45,"code":90151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90153,90154,90167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90155,90156,90159,90161,90163,90165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90157,90158],{"class":58},"message ",[52,90160,63],{"class":62},[52,90162,83],{"class":70},[52,90164,90087],{"class":74},[52,90166,3710],{"class":70},[52,90168,90169,90171,90173,90176],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90170,142],{"class":141},[52,90172,145],{"class":66},[52,90174,90175],{"class":124},"message",[52,90177,151],{"class":66},[20,90179,90180,90181,90183,90184,90188],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90182,46597],{}," with functions like ",[257,90185,90186],{"href":8573},[15,90187,3308],{},", which do return a value.",[38,90190,90192,90193],{"id":90191},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90194,46597],{},[20,90196,90197,90198,90200],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90199,46597],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[234,90202,90203,90206,90209,90212],{},[237,90204,90205],{},"to display results to the user",[237,90207,90208],{},"to show messages in a script",[237,90210,90211],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[237,90213,90214],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90216,309],{},[43,90218,90220],{"className":45,"code":90219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90221,90222,90230,90234,90254,90265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90223,90224,90226,90228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90225,41325],{"class":58},[52,90227,63],{"class":62},[52,90229,38654],{"class":103},[52,90231,90232],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90233,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,90235,90236,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,90237,6312],{"class":163},[52,90239,6741],{"class":58},[52,90241,4238],{"class":163},[52,90243,54218],{"class":141},[52,90245,145],{"class":66},[52,90247,3339],{"class":103},[52,90249,91],{"class":66},[52,90251,2807],{"class":103},[52,90253,8696],{"class":66},[52,90255,90256,90259,90262],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,90257,90258],{"class":58},"    total ",[52,90260,90261],{"class":62},"+=",[52,90263,90264],{"class":58}," number\n",[52,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273,90276,90278,90280,90282,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,90268,8423],{"class":141},[52,90270,145],{"class":66},[52,90272,71],{"class":70},[52,90274,90275],{"class":74},"Current number:",[52,90277,71],{"class":70},[52,90279,91],{"class":66},[52,90281,2544],{"class":124},[52,90283,91],{"class":66},[52,90285,83],{"class":70},[52,90287,45708],{"class":74},[52,90289,71],{"class":70},[52,90291,91],{"class":66},[52,90293,45715],{"class":124},[52,90295,151],{"class":66},[20,90297,173],{},[43,90299,90301],{"className":45,"code":90300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90302,90303,90319,90333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90304,90305,90308,90310,90312,90315,90317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90306,90307],{"class":58},"Current number",[52,90309,80],{"class":66},[52,90311,1364],{"class":103},[52,90313,90314],{"class":58}," Total",[52,90316,80],{"class":66},[52,90318,29748],{"class":103},[52,90320,90321,90323,90325,90327,90329,90331],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90322,90307],{"class":58},[52,90324,80],{"class":66},[52,90326,1378],{"class":103},[52,90328,90314],{"class":58},[52,90330,80],{"class":66},[52,90332,2928],{"class":103},[52,90334,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,90336,90307],{"class":58},[52,90338,80],{"class":66},[52,90340,2801],{"class":103},[52,90342,90314],{"class":58},[52,90344,80],{"class":66},[52,90346,90347],{"class":103}," 6\n",[20,90349,90350,90351,121],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[257,90352,90354],{"href":90353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[38,90356,2022],{"id":2021},[20,90358,90359,90360,121],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90361,46597],{},[1335,90363,90365],{"id":90364},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90367,90368],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[43,90370,90372],{"className":45,"code":90371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90373,90374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90375,90376,90378,90380,90382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90377,142],{"class":141},[52,90379,145],{"class":66},[52,90381,35004],{"class":124},[52,90383,151],{"class":66},[20,90385,9230,90386,90388],{},[15,90387,35004],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90390,11151],{},[43,90392,90394],{"className":45,"code":90393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90395,90396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90397,90398,90400,90402,90404,90406,90408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90399,142],{"class":141},[52,90401,145],{"class":66},[52,90403,71],{"class":70},[52,90405,35004],{"class":74},[52,90407,71],{"class":70},[52,90409,151],{"class":66},[1335,90411,1326,90413,90415],{"id":90412},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90414,142],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90417,90418],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[43,90420,90422],{"className":45,"code":90421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90423,90424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90425,90426,90428,90430,90432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90427,142],{"class":141},[52,90429,83],{"class":70},[52,90431,35004],{"class":74},[52,90433,3710],{"class":70},[20,90435,11151],{},[43,90437,90438],{"className":45,"code":90393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90439,90440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90441,90442,90444,90446,90448,90450,90452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90443,142],{"class":141},[52,90445,145],{"class":66},[52,90447,71],{"class":70},[52,90449,35004],{"class":74},[52,90451,71],{"class":70},[52,90453,151],{"class":66},[1335,90455,90457,90458],{"id":90456},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90459,2407],{},[20,90461,90462,90463,121],{},"This causes a ",[15,90464,3355],{},[43,90466,90467],{"className":45,"code":89555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90468,90469,90477],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90470,90471,90473,90475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90472,21758],{"class":58},[52,90474,63],{"class":62},[52,90476,1883],{"class":103},[52,90478,90479,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90480,142],{"class":141},[52,90482,145],{"class":66},[52,90484,71],{"class":70},[52,90486,89576],{"class":74},[52,90488,71],{"class":70},[52,90490,2804],{"class":62},[52,90492,9542],{"class":124},[52,90494,151],{"class":66},[20,90496,90497],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[43,90499,90501],{"className":45,"code":90500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90502,90503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90504,90505,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90506,142],{"class":141},[52,90508,145],{"class":66},[52,90510,71],{"class":70},[52,90512,89477],{"class":74},[52,90514,71],{"class":70},[52,90516,91],{"class":66},[52,90518,9542],{"class":124},[52,90520,151],{"class":66},[20,90522,90523],{},"Or convert the number first:",[43,90525,90527],{"className":45,"code":90526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90528,90529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90530,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539,90541,90543,90545,90547,90549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90532,142],{"class":141},[52,90534,145],{"class":66},[52,90536,71],{"class":70},[52,90538,89576],{"class":74},[52,90540,71],{"class":70},[52,90542,2804],{"class":62},[52,90544,49050],{"class":3251},[52,90546,145],{"class":66},[52,90548,96],{"class":124},[52,90550,2120],{"class":66},[20,90552,90553,90554,121],{},"If you see this error, read ",[257,90555,90557],{"href":90556},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1335,90559,8807,90561,90563],{"id":90560},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90562,46597],{}," to return a value",[20,90565,90566,90567,35467,90570,80],{},"This does not store ",[15,90568,90569],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90571,2612],{},[43,90573,90575],{"className":45,"code":90574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90576,90577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90578,90579,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589,90591,90593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90580,2577],{"class":58},[52,90582,63],{"class":62},[52,90584,90080],{"class":141},[52,90586,145],{"class":66},[52,90588,71],{"class":70},[52,90590,35004],{"class":74},[52,90592,71],{"class":70},[52,90594,151],{"class":66},[20,90596,90597,90598,121],{},"It stores ",[15,90599,4133],{},[1335,90601,90603,90604,2218,90606],{"id":90602},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90605,89617],{},[15,90607,52808],{},[20,90609,85963],{},[234,90611,90612,90621],{},[237,90613,90614,90616,90617,90620],{},[15,90615,89617],{}," changes what goes ",[33,90618,90619],{},"between"," multiple values",[237,90622,90623,90625,90626,90629],{},[15,90624,52808],{}," changes what appears ",[33,90627,90628],{},"after"," the output",[38,90631,90633],{"id":90632},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90635,90636,90637,90639],{},"These simple ",[15,90638,46597],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[43,90641,90643],{"className":45,"code":90642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90644,90645,90665,90680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90646,90647,90649,90651,90653,90656,90658,90660,90663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90648,142],{"class":141},[52,90650,145],{"class":66},[52,90652,71],{"class":70},[52,90654,90655],{"class":74},"Debug:",[52,90657,71],{"class":70},[52,90659,91],{"class":66},[52,90661,90662],{"class":124}," variable_name",[52,90664,151],{"class":66},[52,90666,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675,90678],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90668,142],{"class":141},[52,90670,145],{"class":66},[52,90672,3573],{"class":3251},[52,90674,145],{"class":66},[52,90676,90677],{"class":124},"variable_name",[52,90679,2120],{"class":66},[52,90681,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,90683,32287],{"class":141},[52,90685,145],{"class":66},[52,90687,142],{"class":141},[52,90689,151],{"class":66},[20,90691,90692],{},"What they do:",[234,90694,90695,90701,90707],{},[237,90696,90697,90700],{},[15,90698,90699],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[237,90702,90703,90706],{},[15,90704,90705],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[237,90708,90709,90712,90713],{},[15,90710,90711],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90714,46597],{},[38,90716,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,90718,2195,90720,90722],{"id":90719},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90721,46597],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90724,90725,90726,90728,90729,36761],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90727,46597],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90730,52808],{},[1335,90732,5523,90734,90736],{"id":90733},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90735,46597],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90738,90739,90740,90742],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90741,46597],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1335,90744,5511,90746,5514,90749,2221],{"id":90745},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90747,90748],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90750,4133],{},[20,90752,29194,90753,90755],{},[15,90754,46597],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1335,90757,90759],{"id":90758},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90761,90762],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[43,90764,90766],{"className":45,"code":90765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90767,90768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90769,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90771,142],{"class":141},[52,90773,145],{"class":66},[52,90775,71],{"class":70},[52,90777,89477],{"class":74},[52,90779,71],{"class":70},[52,90781,91],{"class":66},[52,90783,1972],{"class":103},[52,90785,151],{"class":66},[20,90787,90788,90789,40071],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90790,47829],{},[1335,90792,2215,90794,2218,90796,2221],{"id":90793},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90795,89617],{},[15,90797,52808],{},[234,90799,90800,90805],{},[237,90801,90802,90804],{},[15,90803,89617],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[237,90806,90807,90809],{},[15,90808,52808],{}," changes what appears after the output",[38,90811,2240],{"id":2239},[234,90813,90814,90818,90824,90830,90835,90840],{},[237,90815,90816],{},[257,90817,51123],{"href":51122},[237,90819,90820],{},[257,90821,3928,90822,3861],{"href":8573},[15,90823,3308],{},[237,90825,90826],{},[257,90827,3928,90828,3861],{"href":42318},[15,90829,47829],{},[237,90831,90832],{},[257,90833,90834],{"href":89843},"How to format strings in Python",[237,90836,90837],{},[257,90838,90839],{"href":90353},"How to debug Python code",[237,90841,90842],{},[257,90843,90557],{"href":90556},[2278,90845,90846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":90848},[90849,90850,90852,90853,90859,90860,90861,90866,90872,90874,90876,90887,90888,90899],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":89021,"depth":110,"text":90851},"What print() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":89257,"depth":110,"text":89258,"children":90854},[90855,90856,90857,90858],{"id":89266,"depth":131,"text":89267},{"id":89307,"depth":131,"text":89308},{"id":89339,"depth":131,"text":89340},{"id":89366,"depth":131,"text":89367},{"id":89408,"depth":110,"text":89409},{"id":89604,"depth":110,"text":89605},{"id":89644,"depth":110,"text":90862,"children":90863},"sep argument",[90864,90865],{"id":89657,"depth":131,"text":89658},{"id":89707,"depth":131,"text":89708},{"id":89847,"depth":110,"text":90867,"children":90868},"end argument",[90869,90870,90871],{"id":89861,"depth":131,"text":89658},{"id":89914,"depth":131,"text":89915},{"id":89970,"depth":131,"text":89971},{"id":90054,"depth":110,"text":90873},"print() returns None",{"id":90191,"depth":110,"text":90875},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":90877},[90878,90879,90881,90883,90885],{"id":90364,"depth":131,"text":90365},{"id":90412,"depth":131,"text":90880},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90456,"depth":131,"text":90882},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90560,"depth":131,"text":90884},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90602,"depth":131,"text":90886},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90632,"depth":110,"text":90633},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":90889},[90890,90892,90894,90896,90897],{"id":90719,"depth":131,"text":90891},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90733,"depth":131,"text":90893},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90745,"depth":131,"text":90895},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90758,"depth":131,"text":90759},{"id":90793,"depth":131,"text":90898},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88904,"description":90900},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90907,"title":90908,"body":90909,"description":93213,"extension":2310,"meta":93214,"navigation":134,"path":93215,"seo":93216,"stem":93217,"__hash__":93218},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90910,"toc":93159},[90911,90916,90921,90934,90936,91001,91012,91017,91022,91024,91047,91050,91081,91083,91100,91105,91111,91116,91165,91168,91185,91191,91196,91219,91221,91249,91255,91263,91290,91292,91317,91323,91326,91357,91359,91388,91392,91395,91400,91422,91424,91452,91458,91464,91490,91492,91516,91522,91528,91558,91560,91588,91598,91602,91608,91641,91643,91672,91675,91678,91711,91713,91721,91727,91729,91752,91757,91766,91771,91785,91787,91827,91829,91859,91863,91898,91904,91908,91952,91954,91984,91990,91993,92072,92074,92096,92104,92107,92170,92178,92253,92259,92266,92271,92276,92299,92301,92322,92324,92337,92339,92386,92388,92427,92436,92438,92442,92446,92449,92476,92479,92508,92511,92535,92538,92546,92552,92574,92576,92604,92608,92613,92668,92673,92675,92732,92739,92748,92751,92783,92785,92793,92796,92802,92804,92827,92830,92836,92839,92858,92860,92879,92882,92904,92906,92934,92938,92942,93047,93049,93062,93064,93070,93073,93081,93086,93092,93098,93103,93111,93117,93124,93126,93156],[10,90912,3928,90914,3932],{"id":90913},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90915,36337],{},[20,90917,32452,90918,90920],{},[15,90919,36337],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90922,90923,90924,90926,90927,90929,90930,90933],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90925,6312],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90928,36337],{}," stops ",[33,90931,90932],{},"before"," the end value.",[38,90935,41],{"id":40},[43,90937,90939],{"className":45,"code":90938,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90940,90941,90957,90967,90971,90976,90981,90986,90991,90996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90942,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953,90955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90944,6312],{"class":163},[52,90946,69699],{"class":58},[52,90948,4238],{"class":163},[52,90950,54218],{"class":141},[52,90952,145],{"class":66},[52,90954,2484],{"class":103},[52,90956,8696],{"class":66},[52,90958,90959,90961,90963,90965],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,90960,8423],{"class":141},[52,90962,145],{"class":66},[52,90964,36293],{"class":124},[52,90966,151],{"class":66},[52,90968,90969],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,90970,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,90972,90973],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,90974,90975],{"class":4017},"# Output:\n",[52,90977,90978],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,90979,90980],{"class":4017},"# 0\n",[52,90982,90983],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,90984,90985],{"class":4017},"# 1\n",[52,90987,90988],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,90989,90990],{"class":4017},"# 2\n",[52,90992,90993],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,90994,90995],{"class":4017},"# 3\n",[52,90997,90998],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,90999,91000],{"class":4017},"# 4\n",[20,91002,91003,91006,91007,91009,91010,121],{},[15,91004,91005],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91008,2467],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91011,2484],{},[38,91013,4031,91015,4034],{"id":91014},"what-range-does",[15,91016,36337],{},[20,91018,91019,91021],{},[15,91020,36337],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91023,293],{},[234,91025,91026,91031,91037,91042],{},[237,91027,91028,91030],{},[15,91029,36337],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[237,91032,91033,91034,91036],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91035,6312],{}," loops",[237,91038,91039,91040],{},"The stop value is ",[33,91041,65220],{},[237,91043,17549,91044,91046],{},[15,91045,60148],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91048,91049],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[43,91051,91053],{"className":45,"code":91052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91054,91055,91071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91056,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91058,6312],{"class":163},[52,91060,6741],{"class":58},[52,91062,4238],{"class":163},[52,91064,54218],{"class":141},[52,91066,145],{"class":66},[52,91068,2410],{"class":103},[52,91070,8696],{"class":66},[52,91072,91073,91075,91077,91079],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91074,8423],{"class":141},[52,91076,145],{"class":66},[52,91078,2587],{"class":124},[52,91080,151],{"class":66},[20,91082,173],{},[43,91084,91086],{"className":45,"code":91085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91087,91088,91092,91096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91089,91090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91091,47397],{"class":103},[52,91093,91094],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91095,47062],{"class":103},[52,91097,91098],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91099,17183],{"class":103},[20,91101,91102,91103,121],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[257,91104,36167],{"href":36166},[38,91106,91108,91110],{"id":91107},"range-syntax",[15,91109,36337],{}," syntax",[20,91112,91113,91115],{},[15,91114,36337],{}," has three common forms:",[43,91117,91119],{"className":45,"code":91118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91120,91121,91131,91146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91122,91123,91125,91127,91129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91124,60148],{"class":141},[52,91126,145],{"class":66},[52,91128,75577],{"class":124},[52,91130,151],{"class":66},[52,91132,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91144],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91134,60148],{"class":141},[52,91136,145],{"class":66},[52,91138,36211],{"class":124},[52,91140,91],{"class":66},[52,91142,91143],{"class":124}," stop",[52,91145,151],{"class":66},[52,91147,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91163],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91149,60148],{"class":141},[52,91151,145],{"class":66},[52,91153,36211],{"class":124},[52,91155,91],{"class":66},[52,91157,91143],{"class":124},[52,91159,91],{"class":66},[52,91161,91162],{"class":124}," step",[52,91164,151],{"class":66},[20,91166,91167],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[234,91169,91170,91175,91180],{},[237,91171,91172,91174],{},[15,91173,36211],{}," = first number",[237,91176,91177,91179],{},[15,91178,75577],{}," = end limit, not included",[237,91181,91182,91184],{},[15,91183,75580],{}," = amount to move each time",[1335,91186,91188],{"id":91187},"rangestop",[15,91189,91190],{},"range(stop)",[20,91192,91193,91194,121],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91195,2467],{},[43,91197,91199],{"className":45,"code":91198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91200,91201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91202,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91204,142],{"class":141},[52,91206,145],{"class":66},[52,91208,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91210,145],{"class":66},[52,91212,60148],{"class":141},[52,91214,145],{"class":66},[52,91216,2484],{"class":103},[52,91218,3262],{"class":66},[20,91220,173],{},[43,91222,91223],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91224,91225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91226,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91228,513],{"class":66},[52,91230,2467],{"class":103},[52,91232,91],{"class":66},[52,91234,1364],{"class":103},[52,91236,91],{"class":66},[52,91238,1378],{"class":103},[52,91240,91],{"class":66},[52,91242,2801],{"class":103},[52,91244,91],{"class":66},[52,91246,2807],{"class":103},[52,91248,766],{"class":66},[1335,91250,91252],{"id":91251},"rangestart-stop",[15,91253,91254],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91256,91257,91258,91260,91261,121],{},"This starts at ",[15,91259,36211],{}," and stops before ",[15,91262,75577],{},[43,91264,91266],{"className":45,"code":91265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91267,91268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91269,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91271,142],{"class":141},[52,91273,145],{"class":66},[52,91275,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91277,145],{"class":66},[52,91279,60148],{"class":141},[52,91281,145],{"class":66},[52,91283,2404],{"class":103},[52,91285,91],{"class":66},[52,91287,37784],{"class":103},[52,91289,3262],{"class":66},[20,91291,173],{},[43,91293,91295],{"className":45,"code":91294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91296,91297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91298,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91300,513],{"class":66},[52,91302,2404],{"class":103},[52,91304,91],{"class":66},[52,91306,2801],{"class":103},[52,91308,91],{"class":66},[52,91310,2807],{"class":103},[52,91312,91],{"class":66},[52,91314,4959],{"class":103},[52,91316,766],{"class":66},[1335,91318,91320],{"id":91319},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91321,91322],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91324,91325],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[43,91327,91329],{"className":45,"code":91328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91330,91331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91332,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91334,142],{"class":141},[52,91336,145],{"class":66},[52,91338,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91340,145],{"class":66},[52,91342,60148],{"class":141},[52,91344,145],{"class":66},[52,91346,3339],{"class":103},[52,91348,91],{"class":66},[52,91350,1972],{"class":103},[52,91352,91],{"class":66},[52,91354,1378],{"class":103},[52,91356,3262],{"class":66},[20,91358,173],{},[43,91360,91362],{"className":45,"code":91361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91363,91364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91365,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91367,513],{"class":66},[52,91369,3339],{"class":103},[52,91371,91],{"class":66},[52,91373,2801],{"class":103},[52,91375,91],{"class":66},[52,91377,4959],{"class":103},[52,91379,91],{"class":66},[52,91381,6348],{"class":103},[52,91383,91],{"class":66},[52,91385,54284],{"class":103},[52,91387,766],{"class":66},[38,91389,91391],{"id":91390},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91393,91394],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1335,91396,91398],{"id":91397},"range5",[15,91399,91005],{},[43,91401,91402],{"className":45,"code":91198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91403,91404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91405,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91407,142],{"class":141},[52,91409,145],{"class":66},[52,91411,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91413,145],{"class":66},[52,91415,60148],{"class":141},[52,91417,145],{"class":66},[52,91419,2484],{"class":103},[52,91421,3262],{"class":66},[20,91423,173],{},[43,91425,91426],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91427,91428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91429,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91431,513],{"class":66},[52,91433,2467],{"class":103},[52,91435,91],{"class":66},[52,91437,1364],{"class":103},[52,91439,91],{"class":66},[52,91441,1378],{"class":103},[52,91443,91],{"class":66},[52,91445,2801],{"class":103},[52,91447,91],{"class":66},[52,91449,2807],{"class":103},[52,91451,766],{"class":66},[20,91453,91257,91454,91260,91456,121],{},[15,91455,2467],{},[15,91457,2484],{},[1335,91459,91461],{"id":91460},"range2-6",[15,91462,91463],{},"range(2, 6)",[43,91465,91466],{"className":45,"code":91265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91467,91468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91469,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91471,142],{"class":141},[52,91473,145],{"class":66},[52,91475,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91477,145],{"class":66},[52,91479,60148],{"class":141},[52,91481,145],{"class":66},[52,91483,2404],{"class":103},[52,91485,91],{"class":66},[52,91487,37784],{"class":103},[52,91489,3262],{"class":66},[20,91491,173],{},[43,91493,91494],{"className":45,"code":91294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91495,91496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91497,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91499,513],{"class":66},[52,91501,2404],{"class":103},[52,91503,91],{"class":66},[52,91505,2801],{"class":103},[52,91507,91],{"class":66},[52,91509,2807],{"class":103},[52,91511,91],{"class":66},[52,91513,4959],{"class":103},[52,91515,766],{"class":66},[20,91517,91257,91518,91260,91520,121],{},[15,91519,2404],{},[15,91521,80745],{},[1335,91523,91525],{"id":91524},"range1-10-2",[15,91526,91527],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[43,91529,91530],{"className":45,"code":91328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91531,91532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91533,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91535,142],{"class":141},[52,91537,145],{"class":66},[52,91539,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91541,145],{"class":66},[52,91543,60148],{"class":141},[52,91545,145],{"class":66},[52,91547,3339],{"class":103},[52,91549,91],{"class":66},[52,91551,1972],{"class":103},[52,91553,91],{"class":66},[52,91555,1378],{"class":103},[52,91557,3262],{"class":66},[20,91559,173],{},[43,91561,91562],{"className":45,"code":91361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91563,91564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91565,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91567,513],{"class":66},[52,91569,3339],{"class":103},[52,91571,91],{"class":66},[52,91573,2801],{"class":103},[52,91575,91],{"class":66},[52,91577,4959],{"class":103},[52,91579,91],{"class":66},[52,91581,6348],{"class":103},[52,91583,91],{"class":66},[52,91585,54284],{"class":103},[52,91587,766],{"class":66},[20,91589,91590,91591,91593,91594,61451,91596,121],{},"This moves by ",[15,91592,2404],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91595,3339],{},[15,91597,2492],{},[1335,91599,91601],{"id":91600},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91603,91604,91605,91607],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91606,36337],{}," count backward.",[43,91609,91611],{"className":45,"code":91610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91612,91613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91614,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91616,142],{"class":141},[52,91618,145],{"class":66},[52,91620,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91622,145],{"class":66},[52,91624,60148],{"class":141},[52,91626,145],{"class":66},[52,91628,2484],{"class":103},[52,91630,91],{"class":66},[52,91632,4189],{"class":103},[52,91634,91],{"class":66},[52,91636,2569],{"class":62},[52,91638,3339],{"class":103},[52,91640,3262],{"class":66},[20,91642,173],{},[43,91644,91646],{"className":45,"code":91645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91647,91648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91649,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91651,513],{"class":66},[52,91653,2484],{"class":103},[52,91655,91],{"class":66},[52,91657,2807],{"class":103},[52,91659,91],{"class":66},[52,91661,2801],{"class":103},[52,91663,91],{"class":66},[52,91665,1378],{"class":103},[52,91667,91],{"class":66},[52,91669,1364],{"class":103},[52,91671,766],{"class":66},[20,91673,91674],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91676,91677],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[43,91679,91681],{"className":45,"code":91680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91682,91683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91684,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91686,142],{"class":141},[52,91688,145],{"class":66},[52,91690,8448],{"class":3251},[52,91692,145],{"class":66},[52,91694,60148],{"class":141},[52,91696,145],{"class":66},[52,91698,3339],{"class":103},[52,91700,91],{"class":66},[52,91702,4959],{"class":103},[52,91704,91],{"class":66},[52,91706,2569],{"class":62},[52,91708,3339],{"class":103},[52,91710,3262],{"class":66},[20,91712,173],{},[43,91714,91715],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91716,91717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91718,91719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91720,38438],{"class":66},[1335,91722,91723,76740,91725],{"id":76964},[15,91724,75580],{},[15,91726,2467],{},[20,91728,3186],{},[43,91730,91732],{"className":45,"code":91731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91733,91734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91735,91736,91738,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91737,60148],{"class":141},[52,91739,145],{"class":66},[52,91741,3339],{"class":103},[52,91743,91],{"class":66},[52,91745,4959],{"class":103},[52,91747,91],{"class":66},[52,91749,4189],{"class":103},[52,91751,151],{"class":66},[20,91753,77009,91754,91756],{},[15,91755,40846],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[38,91758,1326,91760,91762,91763,91765],{"id":91759},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91761,36337],{}," in a ",[15,91764,6312],{}," loop",[20,91767,91768,91770],{},[15,91769,36337],{}," is most useful when:",[234,91772,91773,91776,91779],{},[237,91774,91775],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[237,91777,91778],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[237,91780,91781,91782],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91783,91784],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91786,309],{},[43,91788,91790],{"className":45,"code":91789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91791,91792,91808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91793,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91795,6312],{"class":163},[52,91797,69699],{"class":58},[52,91799,4238],{"class":163},[52,91801,54218],{"class":141},[52,91803,145],{"class":66},[52,91805,2410],{"class":103},[52,91807,8696],{"class":66},[52,91809,91810,91812,91814,91816,91819,91821,91823,91825],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91811,8423],{"class":141},[52,91813,145],{"class":66},[52,91815,71],{"class":70},[52,91817,91818],{"class":74},"Loop number:",[52,91820,71],{"class":70},[52,91822,91],{"class":66},[52,91824,36268],{"class":124},[52,91826,151],{"class":66},[20,91828,173],{},[43,91830,91832],{"className":45,"code":91831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91833,91834,91843,91851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91835,91836,91839,91841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91837,91838],{"class":58},"Loop number",[52,91840,80],{"class":66},[52,91842,38654],{"class":103},[52,91844,91845,91847,91849],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91846,91838],{"class":58},[52,91848,80],{"class":66},[52,91850,29748],{"class":103},[52,91852,91853,91855,91857],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91854,91838],{"class":58},[52,91856,80],{"class":66},[52,91858,45734],{"class":103},[1335,91860,91862],{"id":91861},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[43,91864,91866],{"className":45,"code":91865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91867,91868,91884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91869,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91871,6312],{"class":163},[52,91873,69699],{"class":58},[52,91875,4238],{"class":163},[52,91877,54218],{"class":141},[52,91879,145],{"class":66},[52,91881,2484],{"class":103},[52,91883,8696],{"class":66},[52,91885,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91887,8423],{"class":141},[52,91889,145],{"class":66},[52,91891,71],{"class":70},[52,91893,35004],{"class":74},[52,91895,71],{"class":70},[52,91897,151],{"class":66},[20,91899,91900,91901,91903],{},"This prints ",[15,91902,90569],{}," five times.",[1335,91905,91907],{"id":91906},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[43,91909,91911],{"className":45,"code":91910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91912,91913,91933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91914,91915,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91916,6312],{"class":163},[52,91918,69699],{"class":58},[52,91920,4238],{"class":163},[52,91922,54218],{"class":141},[52,91924,145],{"class":66},[52,91926,3339],{"class":103},[52,91928,91],{"class":66},[52,91930,2807],{"class":103},[52,91932,8696],{"class":66},[52,91934,91935,91937,91939,91941,91944,91946,91948,91950],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91936,8423],{"class":141},[52,91938,145],{"class":66},[52,91940,71],{"class":70},[52,91942,91943],{"class":74},"Current number is",[52,91945,71],{"class":70},[52,91947,91],{"class":66},[52,91949,36268],{"class":124},[52,91951,151],{"class":66},[20,91953,173],{},[43,91955,91957],{"className":45,"code":91956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91958,91959,91968,91976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91960,91961,91964,91966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91962,91963],{"class":58},"Current number ",[52,91965,164],{"class":62},[52,91967,29748],{"class":103},[52,91969,91970,91972,91974],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,91971,91963],{"class":58},[52,91973,164],{"class":62},[52,91975,45734],{"class":103},[52,91977,91978,91980,91982],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91979,91963],{"class":58},[52,91981,164],{"class":62},[52,91983,2928],{"class":103},[1335,91985,91987,91989],{"id":91986},"range-and-indexing",[15,91988,36337],{}," and indexing",[20,91991,91992],{},"You may see code like this:",[43,91994,91996],{"className":45,"code":91995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91997,91998,92030,92034,92054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91999,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92001,8133],{"class":58},[52,92003,63],{"class":62},[52,92005,755],{"class":66},[52,92007,71],{"class":70},[52,92009,257],{"class":74},[52,92011,71],{"class":70},[52,92013,91],{"class":66},[52,92015,83],{"class":70},[52,92017,345],{"class":74},[52,92019,71],{"class":70},[52,92021,91],{"class":66},[52,92023,83],{"class":70},[52,92025,10087],{"class":74},[52,92027,71],{"class":70},[52,92029,766],{"class":66},[52,92031,92032],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92033,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,92035,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92037,6312],{"class":163},[52,92039,69699],{"class":58},[52,92041,4238],{"class":163},[52,92043,54218],{"class":141},[52,92045,145],{"class":66},[52,92047,11505],{"class":141},[52,92049,145],{"class":66},[52,92051,8163],{"class":124},[52,92053,69714],{"class":66},[52,92055,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,92057,8423],{"class":141},[52,92059,145],{"class":66},[52,92061,36293],{"class":124},[52,92063,91],{"class":66},[52,92065,6320],{"class":124},[52,92067,513],{"class":66},[52,92069,36293],{"class":124},[52,92071,913],{"class":66},[20,92073,173],{},[43,92075,92076],{"className":45,"code":36305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92077,92078,92084,92090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92079,92080,92082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92081,2467],{"class":103},[52,92083,36314],{"class":58},[52,92085,92086,92088],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92087,3339],{"class":103},[52,92089,36321],{"class":58},[52,92091,92092,92094],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92093,2404],{"class":103},[52,92095,36328],{"class":58},[20,92097,92098,92099,92103],{},"This works, and it uses ",[257,92100,92101],{"href":42501},[15,92102,42504],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92105,92106],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[43,92108,92110],{"className":45,"code":92109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92111,92112,92144,92148,92160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92113,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92115,8133],{"class":58},[52,92117,63],{"class":62},[52,92119,755],{"class":66},[52,92121,71],{"class":70},[52,92123,257],{"class":74},[52,92125,71],{"class":70},[52,92127,91],{"class":66},[52,92129,83],{"class":70},[52,92131,345],{"class":74},[52,92133,71],{"class":70},[52,92135,91],{"class":66},[52,92137,83],{"class":70},[52,92139,10087],{"class":74},[52,92141,71],{"class":70},[52,92143,766],{"class":66},[52,92145,92146],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92147,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,92149,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92151,6312],{"class":163},[52,92153,6315],{"class":58},[52,92155,4238],{"class":163},[52,92157,6320],{"class":58},[52,92159,6748],{"class":66},[52,92161,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,92163,8423],{"class":141},[52,92165,145],{"class":66},[52,92167,23441],{"class":124},[52,92169,151],{"class":66},[20,92171,36732,92172,92177],{},[257,92173,92175],{"href":92174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92176,35887],{}," is usually a better choice:",[43,92179,92181],{"className":45,"code":92180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92182,92183,92215,92219,92239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92184,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92186,8133],{"class":58},[52,92188,63],{"class":62},[52,92190,755],{"class":66},[52,92192,71],{"class":70},[52,92194,257],{"class":74},[52,92196,71],{"class":70},[52,92198,91],{"class":66},[52,92200,83],{"class":70},[52,92202,345],{"class":74},[52,92204,71],{"class":70},[52,92206,91],{"class":66},[52,92208,83],{"class":70},[52,92210,10087],{"class":74},[52,92212,71],{"class":70},[52,92214,766],{"class":66},[52,92216,92217],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92218,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,92220,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92222,6312],{"class":163},[52,92224,35959],{"class":58},[52,92226,91],{"class":66},[52,92228,6315],{"class":58},[52,92230,4238],{"class":163},[52,92232,35969],{"class":141},[52,92234,145],{"class":66},[52,92236,8163],{"class":124},[52,92238,8696],{"class":66},[52,92240,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,92242,8423],{"class":141},[52,92244,145],{"class":66},[52,92246,35984],{"class":124},[52,92248,91],{"class":66},[52,92250,29640],{"class":124},[52,92252,151],{"class":66},[20,92254,79269,92255,121],{},[257,92256,36745,92257,36748],{"href":36744},[15,92258,35887],{},[38,92260,92262,92263,92265],{"id":92261},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92264,36337],{}," to a list",[20,92267,92268,92270],{},[15,92269,36337],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92272,92273,92274,80],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92275,24912],{},[43,92277,92279],{"className":45,"code":92278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92280,92281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92282,92283,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92284,142],{"class":141},[52,92286,145],{"class":66},[52,92288,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92290,145],{"class":66},[52,92292,60148],{"class":141},[52,92294,145],{"class":66},[52,92296,2410],{"class":103},[52,92298,3262],{"class":66},[20,92300,173],{},[43,92302,92304],{"className":45,"code":92303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92305,92306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92307,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92309,513],{"class":66},[52,92311,2467],{"class":103},[52,92313,91],{"class":66},[52,92315,1364],{"class":103},[52,92317,91],{"class":66},[52,92319,1378],{"class":103},[52,92321,766],{"class":66},[20,92323,33447],{},[234,92325,92326,92331,92334],{},[237,92327,92328,92329,42228],{},"learning how ",[15,92330,36337],{},[237,92332,92333],{},"checking your values",[237,92335,92336],{},"debugging code",[20,92338,5826],{},[43,92340,92342],{"className":45,"code":92341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92343,92344,92358,92362,92372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92345,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92347,3971],{"class":58},[52,92349,63],{"class":62},[52,92351,54218],{"class":141},[52,92353,145],{"class":66},[52,92355,2855],{"class":103},[52,92357,151],{"class":66},[52,92359,92360],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92361,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,92363,92364,92366,92368,92370],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92365,142],{"class":141},[52,92367,145],{"class":66},[52,92369,4001],{"class":124},[52,92371,151],{"class":66},[52,92373,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,92375,142],{"class":141},[52,92377,145],{"class":66},[52,92379,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92381,145],{"class":66},[52,92383,4001],{"class":124},[52,92385,2120],{"class":66},[20,92387,173],{},[43,92389,92391],{"className":45,"code":92390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92392,92393,92407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92394,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92396,60148],{"class":141},[52,92398,145],{"class":66},[52,92400,2467],{"class":103},[52,92402,91],{"class":66},[52,92404,2807],{"class":103},[52,92406,151],{"class":66},[52,92408,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92410,513],{"class":66},[52,92412,2467],{"class":103},[52,92414,91],{"class":66},[52,92416,1364],{"class":103},[52,92418,91],{"class":66},[52,92420,1378],{"class":103},[52,92422,91],{"class":66},[52,92424,2801],{"class":103},[52,92426,766],{"class":66},[20,92428,92429,92430,10931,92432,92435],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92431,60148],{},[15,92433,92434],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[38,92437,4873],{"id":4872},[20,92439,33676,92440,121],{},[15,92441,36337],{},[1335,92443,92445],{"id":92444},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92447,92448],{},"Many beginners think this:",[43,92450,92452],{"className":45,"code":92451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92453,92454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92455,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92457,142],{"class":141},[52,92459,145],{"class":66},[52,92461,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92463,145],{"class":66},[52,92465,60148],{"class":141},[52,92467,145],{"class":66},[52,92469,3339],{"class":103},[52,92471,91],{"class":66},[52,92473,4959],{"class":103},[52,92475,3262],{"class":66},[20,92477,92478],{},"will produce:",[43,92480,92482],{"className":45,"code":92481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92483,92484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92485,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92487,513],{"class":66},[52,92489,3339],{"class":103},[52,92491,91],{"class":66},[52,92493,1378],{"class":103},[52,92495,91],{"class":66},[52,92497,2801],{"class":103},[52,92499,91],{"class":66},[52,92501,2807],{"class":103},[52,92503,91],{"class":66},[52,92505,4959],{"class":103},[52,92507,766],{"class":66},[20,92509,92510],{},"But the real output is:",[43,92512,92513],{"className":45,"code":53653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92514,92515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92516,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92518,513],{"class":66},[52,92520,3339],{"class":103},[52,92522,91],{"class":66},[52,92524,1378],{"class":103},[52,92526,91],{"class":66},[52,92528,2801],{"class":103},[52,92530,91],{"class":66},[52,92532,2807],{"class":103},[52,92534,766],{"class":66},[20,92536,92537],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1335,92539,2040,92541,92543,92544],{"id":92540},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92542,91005],{}," starts at ",[15,92545,3339],{},[20,92547,37608,92548,19092,92550,121],{},[15,92549,2467],{},[15,92551,3339],{},[43,92553,92554],{"className":45,"code":91198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92555,92556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92557,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92559,142],{"class":141},[52,92561,145],{"class":66},[52,92563,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92565,145],{"class":66},[52,92567,60148],{"class":141},[52,92569,145],{"class":66},[52,92571,2484],{"class":103},[52,92573,3262],{"class":66},[20,92575,173],{},[43,92577,92578],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92579,92580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92581,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92583,513],{"class":66},[52,92585,2467],{"class":103},[52,92587,91],{"class":66},[52,92589,1364],{"class":103},[52,92591,91],{"class":66},[52,92593,1378],{"class":103},[52,92595,91],{"class":66},[52,92597,2801],{"class":103},[52,92599,91],{"class":66},[52,92601,2807],{"class":103},[52,92603,766],{"class":66},[1335,92605,92607],{"id":92606},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92609,92610,92611,80],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92612,3308],{},[43,92614,92616],{"className":45,"code":92615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92617,92618,92637,92641,92658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92619,92620,92623,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92621,92622],{"class":58},"user_number ",[52,92624,63],{"class":62},[52,92626,8596],{"class":141},[52,92628,145],{"class":66},[52,92630,71],{"class":70},[52,92632,42014],{"class":74},[52,92634,71],{"class":70},[52,92636,151],{"class":66},[52,92638,92639],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92640,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,92642,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92656],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92644,6312],{"class":163},[52,92646,69699],{"class":58},[52,92648,4238],{"class":163},[52,92650,54218],{"class":141},[52,92652,145],{"class":66},[52,92654,92655],{"class":124},"user_number",[52,92657,8696],{"class":66},[52,92659,92660,92662,92664,92666],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,92661,8423],{"class":141},[52,92663,145],{"class":66},[52,92665,36293],{"class":124},[52,92667,151],{"class":66},[20,92669,48656,92670,92672],{},[15,92671,3308],{}," returns a string.",[20,92674,11151],{},[43,92676,92678],{"className":45,"code":92677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92679,92680,92702,92706,92722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92681,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92683,92622],{"class":58},[52,92685,63],{"class":62},[52,92687,45421],{"class":3251},[52,92689,145],{"class":66},[52,92691,42606],{"class":141},[52,92693,145],{"class":66},[52,92695,71],{"class":70},[52,92697,42014],{"class":74},[52,92699,71],{"class":70},[52,92701,2120],{"class":66},[52,92703,92704],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92705,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,92707,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92709,6312],{"class":163},[52,92711,69699],{"class":58},[52,92713,4238],{"class":163},[52,92715,54218],{"class":141},[52,92717,145],{"class":66},[52,92719,92655],{"class":124},[52,92721,8696],{"class":66},[52,92723,92724,92726,92728,92730],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,92725,8423],{"class":141},[52,92727,145],{"class":66},[52,92729,36293],{"class":124},[52,92731,151],{"class":66},[20,92733,92734,92735,121],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[257,92736,50670,92737],{"href":50669},[15,92738,50673],{},[1335,92740,92742,92743,92745,92746],{"id":92741},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92744,36211],{}," smaller than ",[15,92747,75577],{},[20,92749,92750],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[43,92752,92753],{"className":45,"code":91680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92754,92755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92756,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92758,142],{"class":141},[52,92760,145],{"class":66},[52,92762,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92764,145],{"class":66},[52,92766,60148],{"class":141},[52,92768,145],{"class":66},[52,92770,3339],{"class":103},[52,92772,91],{"class":66},[52,92774,4959],{"class":103},[52,92776,91],{"class":66},[52,92778,2569],{"class":62},[52,92780,3339],{"class":103},[52,92782,3262],{"class":66},[20,92784,173],{},[43,92786,92787],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92788,92789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92790,92791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92792,38438],{"class":66},[20,92794,92795],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1335,92797,25748,92799],{"id":92798},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92800,92801],{},"step = 0",[20,92803,77720],{},[43,92805,92807],{"className":45,"code":92806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92808,92809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92810,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92812,60148],{"class":141},[52,92814,145],{"class":66},[52,92816,3339],{"class":103},[52,92818,91],{"class":66},[52,92820,1972],{"class":103},[52,92822,91],{"class":66},[52,92824,4189],{"class":103},[52,92826,151],{"class":66},[20,92828,92829],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1335,92831,5058,92833,92835],{"id":92832},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92834,36337],{}," is not a list",[20,92837,92838],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[43,92840,92842],{"className":45,"code":92841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92843,92844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92845,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92847,142],{"class":141},[52,92849,145],{"class":66},[52,92851,60148],{"class":141},[52,92853,145],{"class":66},[52,92855,2484],{"class":103},[52,92857,2120],{"class":66},[20,92859,173],{},[43,92861,92863],{"className":45,"code":92862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92864,92865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92866,92867,92869,92871,92873,92875,92877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92868,60148],{"class":141},[52,92870,145],{"class":66},[52,92872,2467],{"class":103},[52,92874,91],{"class":66},[52,92876,4959],{"class":103},[52,92878,151],{"class":66},[20,92880,92881],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[43,92883,92884],{"className":45,"code":91198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92885,92886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92887,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898,92900,92902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92889,142],{"class":141},[52,92891,145],{"class":66},[52,92893,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92895,145],{"class":66},[52,92897,60148],{"class":141},[52,92899,145],{"class":66},[52,92901,2484],{"class":103},[52,92903,3262],{"class":66},[20,92905,173],{},[43,92907,92908],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92909,92910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92911,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930,92932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92913,513],{"class":66},[52,92915,2467],{"class":103},[52,92917,91],{"class":66},[52,92919,1364],{"class":103},[52,92921,91],{"class":66},[52,92923,1378],{"class":103},[52,92925,91],{"class":66},[52,92927,2801],{"class":103},[52,92929,91],{"class":66},[52,92931,2807],{"class":103},[52,92933,766],{"class":66},[38,92935,92937],{"id":92936},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92939,9230,92940,82491],{},[15,92941,36337],{},[43,92943,92945],{"className":45,"code":92944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92946,92947,92961,92979,93001,93029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92948,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92950,142],{"class":141},[52,92952,145],{"class":66},[52,92954,60148],{"class":141},[52,92956,145],{"class":66},[52,92958,2484],{"class":103},[52,92960,2120],{"class":66},[52,92962,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,92964,142],{"class":141},[52,92966,145],{"class":66},[52,92968,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92970,145],{"class":66},[52,92972,60148],{"class":141},[52,92974,145],{"class":66},[52,92976,2484],{"class":103},[52,92978,3262],{"class":66},[52,92980,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92982,142],{"class":141},[52,92984,145],{"class":66},[52,92986,8448],{"class":3251},[52,92988,145],{"class":66},[52,92990,60148],{"class":141},[52,92992,145],{"class":66},[52,92994,2404],{"class":103},[52,92996,91],{"class":66},[52,92998,6714],{"class":103},[52,93000,3262],{"class":66},[52,93002,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,93004,142],{"class":141},[52,93006,145],{"class":66},[52,93008,8448],{"class":3251},[52,93010,145],{"class":66},[52,93012,60148],{"class":141},[52,93014,145],{"class":66},[52,93016,2679],{"class":103},[52,93018,91],{"class":66},[52,93020,4189],{"class":103},[52,93022,91],{"class":66},[52,93024,2569],{"class":62},[52,93026,2404],{"class":103},[52,93028,3262],{"class":66},[52,93030,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,93032,142],{"class":141},[52,93034,145],{"class":66},[52,93036,3573],{"class":3251},[52,93038,145],{"class":66},[52,93040,60148],{"class":141},[52,93042,145],{"class":66},[52,93044,2484],{"class":103},[52,93046,3262],{"class":66},[20,93048,26140],{},[234,93050,93051,93054,93057],{},[237,93052,93053],{},"what values are being created",[237,93055,93056],{},"whether the direction is correct",[237,93058,93059,93060,24748],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93061,60148],{},[38,93063,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,93065,2195,93067,93069],{"id":93066},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93068,36337],{}," include the last number?",[20,93071,93072],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1335,93074,5511,93076,93078,93079,2221],{"id":93075},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93077,91005],{}," start at ",[15,93080,2467],{},[20,93082,93083,93084,121],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93085,2467],{},[1335,93087,5523,93089,93091],{"id":93088},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93090,36337],{}," count backward?",[20,93093,93094,93095,121],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93096,93097],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1335,93099,2205,93101,26175],{"id":93100},"is-range-a-list",[15,93102,36337],{},[20,93104,26178,93105,93107,93108,24069],{},[15,93106,60148],{}," object. Use ",[15,93109,93110],{},"list(range(...))",[1335,93112,5511,93114,48830],{"id":93113},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93115,93116],{},"range(input())",[20,93118,93119,3836,93121,121],{},[15,93120,3308],{},[15,93122,93123],{},"int(input())",[38,93125,2240],{"id":2239},[234,93127,93128,93132,93138,93144,93150],{},[237,93129,93130],{},[257,93131,36167],{"href":36166},[237,93133,93134],{},[257,93135,3928,93136,3861],{"href":42501},[15,93137,42504],{},[237,93139,93140],{},[257,93141,3928,93142,3861],{"href":92174},[15,93143,35887],{},[237,93145,93146],{},[257,93147,37659,93148,36748],{"href":36744},[15,93149,35887],{},[237,93151,93152],{},[257,93153,50670,93154],{"href":50669},[15,93155,50673],{},[2278,93157,93158],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":93160},[93161,93162,93164,93170,93178,93185,93187,93199,93200,93212],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":91014,"depth":110,"text":93163},"What range() does",{"id":91107,"depth":110,"text":93165,"children":93166},"range() syntax",[93167,93168,93169],{"id":91187,"depth":131,"text":91190},{"id":91251,"depth":131,"text":91254},{"id":91319,"depth":131,"text":91322},{"id":91390,"depth":110,"text":91391,"children":93171},[93172,93173,93174,93175,93176],{"id":91397,"depth":131,"text":91005},{"id":91460,"depth":131,"text":91463},{"id":91524,"depth":131,"text":91527},{"id":91600,"depth":131,"text":91601},{"id":76964,"depth":131,"text":93177},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91759,"depth":110,"text":93179,"children":93180},"Using range() in a for loop",[93181,93182,93183],{"id":91861,"depth":131,"text":91862},{"id":91906,"depth":131,"text":91907},{"id":91986,"depth":131,"text":93184},"range() and indexing",{"id":92261,"depth":110,"text":93186},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":93188},[93189,93190,93192,93193,93195,93197],{"id":92444,"depth":131,"text":92445},{"id":92540,"depth":131,"text":93191},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92606,"depth":131,"text":92607},{"id":92741,"depth":131,"text":93194},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92798,"depth":131,"text":93196},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92832,"depth":131,"text":93198},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92936,"depth":110,"text":92937},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":93201},[93202,93204,93206,93208,93210],{"id":93066,"depth":131,"text":93203},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93075,"depth":131,"text":93205},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93088,"depth":131,"text":93207},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93100,"depth":131,"text":93209},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93113,"depth":131,"text":93211},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90908,"description":93213},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93220,"title":93221,"body":93222,"description":94895,"extension":2310,"meta":94896,"navigation":134,"path":94897,"seo":94898,"stem":94899,"__hash__":94900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93223,"toc":94868},[93224,93233,93240,93257,93273,93275,93324,93332,93336,93339,93359,93361,93425,93427,93470,93473,93519,93521,93554,93564,93570,93578,93595,93597,93628,93630,93655,93660,93671,93674,93744,93746,93777,93782,93787,93804,93806,93857,93859,93892,93895,93902,93907,93911,93927,93929,93973,93975,94021,94024,94037,94042,94046,94060,94062,94113,94115,94148,94153,94155,94162,94164,94187,94189,94254,94256,94273,94276,94309,94311,94339,94349,94356,94360,94363,94381,94384,94412,94415,94433,94438,94444,94447,94469,94471,94499,94501,94504,94529,94532,94645,94647,94726,94728,94734,94739,94747,94755,94759,94762,94764,94797,94799,94807,94813,94820,94827,94830,94832,94865],[10,93225,3928,93227,10931,93229,93232],{"id":93226},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93228,36337],{},[15,93230,93231],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93234,93235,2218,93237,93239],{},[15,93236,36337],{},[15,93238,93231],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[234,93241,93242,93250],{},[237,93243,93244,93246,93247],{},[15,93245,36337],{}," creates a ",[33,93248,93249],{},"range object",[237,93251,93252,93246,93254],{},[15,93253,93231],{},[33,93255,93256],{},"real list",[20,93258,93259,93260,93262,93263,93266,93267,93269,93270,93272],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93261,91005],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93264,93265],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93268,36337],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93271,93231],{}," when you actually need a list.",[38,93274,3961],{"id":3960},[43,93276,93278],{"className":45,"code":93277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93279,93280,93294,93307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93281,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93283,3971],{"class":58},[52,93285,63],{"class":62},[52,93287,54218],{"class":141},[52,93289,145],{"class":66},[52,93291,2484],{"class":103},[52,93293,151],{"class":66},[52,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93297,142],{"class":141},[52,93299,145],{"class":66},[52,93301,4001],{"class":124},[52,93303,4014],{"class":66},[52,93305,93306],{"class":4017},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[52,93308,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93310,142],{"class":141},[52,93312,145],{"class":66},[52,93314,8448],{"class":3251},[52,93316,145],{"class":66},[52,93318,4001],{"class":124},[52,93320,5715],{"class":66},[52,93322,93323],{"class":4017},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93325,222,93326,93328,93329,93331],{},[15,93327,36337],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93330,93231],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[38,93333,93335],{"id":93334},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93337,93338],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[234,93340,93341,93348,93353,93356],{},[237,93342,93343,22105,93345,93347],{},[15,93344,36337],{},[33,93346,93249],{},", not a list",[237,93349,93350,93352],{},[15,93351,93231],{}," converts that range object into a list",[237,93354,93355],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[237,93357,93358],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93360,309],{},[43,93362,93364],{"className":45,"code":93363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93365,93366,93381,93400,93404,93414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93367,93368,93371,93373,93375,93377,93379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93369,93370],{"class":58},"r ",[52,93372,63],{"class":62},[52,93374,54218],{"class":141},[52,93376,145],{"class":66},[52,93378,2484],{"class":103},[52,93380,151],{"class":66},[52,93382,93383,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93384,93385],{"class":58},"lst ",[52,93387,63],{"class":62},[52,93389,22690],{"class":3251},[52,93391,145],{"class":66},[52,93393,60148],{"class":141},[52,93395,145],{"class":66},[52,93397,2484],{"class":103},[52,93399,2120],{"class":66},[52,93401,93402],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93403,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,93405,93406,93408,93410,93412],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,93407,142],{"class":141},[52,93409,145],{"class":66},[52,93411,60655],{"class":124},[52,93413,151],{"class":66},[52,93415,93416,93418,93420,93423],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,93417,142],{"class":141},[52,93419,145],{"class":66},[52,93421,93422],{"class":124},"lst",[52,93424,151],{"class":66},[20,93426,173],{},[43,93428,93430],{"className":45,"code":93429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93431,93432,93446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93433,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93435,60148],{"class":141},[52,93437,145],{"class":66},[52,93439,2467],{"class":103},[52,93441,91],{"class":66},[52,93443,4959],{"class":103},[52,93445,151],{"class":66},[52,93447,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93449,513],{"class":66},[52,93451,2467],{"class":103},[52,93453,91],{"class":66},[52,93455,1364],{"class":103},[52,93457,91],{"class":66},[52,93459,1378],{"class":103},[52,93461,91],{"class":66},[52,93463,2801],{"class":103},[52,93465,91],{"class":66},[52,93467,2807],{"class":103},[52,93469,766],{"class":66},[20,93471,93472],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[43,93474,93476],{"className":45,"code":93475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93477,93478,93496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93479,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490,93492,93494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93481,142],{"class":141},[52,93483,145],{"class":66},[52,93485,3573],{"class":3251},[52,93487,145],{"class":66},[52,93489,60148],{"class":141},[52,93491,145],{"class":66},[52,93493,2484],{"class":103},[52,93495,3262],{"class":66},[52,93497,93498,93500,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93499,142],{"class":141},[52,93501,145],{"class":66},[52,93503,3573],{"class":3251},[52,93505,145],{"class":66},[52,93507,8448],{"class":3251},[52,93509,145],{"class":66},[52,93511,60148],{"class":141},[52,93513,145],{"class":66},[52,93515,2484],{"class":103},[52,93517,93518],{"class":66},"))))\n",[20,93520,173],{},[43,93522,93524],{"className":45,"code":93523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93525,93526,93540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93527,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93529,3642],{"class":62},[52,93531,3645],{"class":2413},[52,93533,195],{"class":70},[52,93535,60148],{"class":74},[52,93537,186],{"class":70},[52,93539,3654],{"class":62},[52,93541,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550,93552],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93543,3642],{"class":62},[52,93545,3645],{"class":2413},[52,93547,195],{"class":70},[52,93549,8448],{"class":74},[52,93551,186],{"class":70},[52,93553,3654],{"class":62},[20,93555,93556,93557,93559,93560,121],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93558,36337],{}," works, see ",[257,93561,3928,93562,3861],{"href":93215},[15,93563,36337],{},[38,93565,4031,93567,93569],{"id":93566},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93568,36337],{}," gives you",[20,93571,93572,93574,93575,93577],{},[15,93573,36337],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93576,6312],{}," loops.",[234,93579,93580,93583,93586,93589],{},[237,93581,93582],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[237,93584,93585],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[237,93587,93588],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[237,93590,93591,93592],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93593,93594],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93596,309],{},[43,93598,93600],{"className":45,"code":93599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93601,93602,93618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93603,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93605,6312],{"class":163},[52,93607,69699],{"class":58},[52,93609,4238],{"class":163},[52,93611,54218],{"class":141},[52,93613,145],{"class":66},[52,93615,2484],{"class":103},[52,93617,8696],{"class":66},[52,93619,93620,93622,93624,93626],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93621,8423],{"class":141},[52,93623,145],{"class":66},[52,93625,36293],{"class":124},[52,93627,151],{"class":66},[20,93629,173],{},[43,93631,93633],{"className":45,"code":93632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93634,93635,93639,93643,93647,93651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93636,93637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93638,47397],{"class":103},[52,93640,93641],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93642,47062],{"class":103},[52,93644,93645],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93646,17183],{"class":103},[52,93648,93649],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,93650,46762],{"class":103},[52,93652,93653],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,93654,48796],{"class":103},[20,93656,20900,93657,93659],{},[15,93658,91005],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93661,93662,93663,93665,93666,121],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93664,36337],{}," is so common with ",[257,93667,3928,93669,91036],{"href":93668},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93670,6312],{},[20,93672,93673],{},"You can also inspect it:",[43,93675,93677],{"className":45,"code":93676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93678,93679,93701,93705,93715,93729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93682,93370],{"class":58},[52,93684,63],{"class":62},[52,93686,54218],{"class":141},[52,93688,145],{"class":66},[52,93690,2404],{"class":103},[52,93692,91],{"class":66},[52,93694,1972],{"class":103},[52,93696,91],{"class":66},[52,93698,1378],{"class":103},[52,93700,151],{"class":66},[52,93702,93703],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93704,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,93706,93707,93709,93711,93713],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93708,142],{"class":141},[52,93710,145],{"class":66},[52,93712,60655],{"class":124},[52,93714,151],{"class":66},[52,93716,93717,93719,93721,93723,93725,93727],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,93718,142],{"class":141},[52,93720,145],{"class":66},[52,93722,11505],{"class":141},[52,93724,145],{"class":66},[52,93726,60655],{"class":124},[52,93728,2120],{"class":66},[52,93730,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739,93742],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,93732,142],{"class":141},[52,93734,145],{"class":66},[52,93736,80745],{"class":103},[52,93738,21303],{"class":163},[52,93740,93741],{"class":124}," r",[52,93743,151],{"class":66},[20,93745,173],{},[43,93747,93749],{"className":45,"code":93748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93750,93751,93769,93773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93752,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93754,60148],{"class":141},[52,93756,145],{"class":66},[52,93758,2404],{"class":103},[52,93760,91],{"class":66},[52,93762,1972],{"class":103},[52,93764,91],{"class":66},[52,93766,1378],{"class":103},[52,93768,151],{"class":66},[52,93770,93771],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93772,48796],{"class":103},[52,93774,93775],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93776,1025],{"class":218},[38,93778,4031,93780,93569],{"id":93779},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93781,93231],{},[20,93783,93784,93786],{},[15,93785,93231],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[234,93788,93789,93792,93795,93798],{},[237,93790,93791],{},"It creates all values at once",[237,93793,93794],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[237,93796,93797],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[237,93799,93800,93801,93803],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93802,36337],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93805,309],{},[43,93807,93809],{"className":45,"code":93808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93810,93811,93829,93833,93843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93812,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93814,3971],{"class":58},[52,93816,63],{"class":62},[52,93818,22690],{"class":3251},[52,93820,145],{"class":66},[52,93822,60148],{"class":141},[52,93824,145],{"class":66},[52,93826,2484],{"class":103},[52,93828,2120],{"class":66},[52,93830,93831],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93832,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,93834,93835,93837,93839,93841],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93836,142],{"class":141},[52,93838,145],{"class":66},[52,93840,4001],{"class":124},[52,93842,151],{"class":66},[52,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,93846,142],{"class":141},[52,93848,145],{"class":66},[52,93850,4001],{"class":124},[52,93852,513],{"class":66},[52,93854,2404],{"class":103},[52,93856,913],{"class":66},[20,93858,173],{},[43,93860,93862],{"className":45,"code":93861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93863,93864,93888],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93865,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93867,513],{"class":66},[52,93869,2467],{"class":103},[52,93871,91],{"class":66},[52,93873,1364],{"class":103},[52,93875,91],{"class":66},[52,93877,1378],{"class":103},[52,93879,91],{"class":66},[52,93881,2801],{"class":103},[52,93883,91],{"class":66},[52,93885,2807],{"class":103},[52,93887,766],{"class":66},[52,93889,93890],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93891,17183],{"class":103},[20,93893,93894],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93896,93897,93898,121],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[257,93899,3928,93900,3861],{"href":64998},[15,93901,24912],{},[38,93903,1063,93905],{"id":93904},"when-to-use-range",[15,93906,36337],{},[20,93908,222,93909,1070],{},[15,93910,36337],{},[234,93912,93913,93918,93921,93924],{},[237,93914,93915,93916,91765],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93917,6312],{},[237,93919,93920],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[237,93922,93923],{},"You are working with large sequences",[237,93925,93926],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93928,309],{},[43,93930,93932],{"className":45,"code":93931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93933,93934,93954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93935,93936,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93937,6312],{"class":163},[52,93939,69699],{"class":58},[52,93941,4238],{"class":163},[52,93943,54218],{"class":141},[52,93945,145],{"class":66},[52,93947,3339],{"class":103},[52,93949,91],{"class":66},[52,93951,37784],{"class":103},[52,93953,8696],{"class":66},[52,93955,93956,93958,93960,93962,93965,93967,93969,93971],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93957,8423],{"class":141},[52,93959,145],{"class":66},[52,93961,71],{"class":70},[52,93963,93964],{"class":74},"Count:",[52,93966,71],{"class":70},[52,93968,91],{"class":66},[52,93970,36268],{"class":124},[52,93972,151],{"class":66},[20,93974,173],{},[43,93976,93978],{"className":45,"code":93977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93979,93980,93989,93997,94005,94013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93981,93982,93985,93987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93983,93984],{"class":58},"Count",[52,93986,80],{"class":66},[52,93988,29748],{"class":103},[52,93990,93991,93993,93995],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,93992,93984],{"class":58},[52,93994,80],{"class":66},[52,93996,45734],{"class":103},[52,93998,93999,94001,94003],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94000,93984],{"class":58},[52,94002,80],{"class":66},[52,94004,2928],{"class":103},[52,94006,94007,94009,94011],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94008,93984],{"class":58},[52,94010,80],{"class":66},[52,94012,23794],{"class":103},[52,94014,94015,94017,94019],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,94016,93984],{"class":58},[52,94018,80],{"class":66},[52,94020,34979],{"class":103},[20,94022,94023],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94025,94026,94027,94029,94030,62438,94032,121],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94028,35887],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94031,36738],{},[257,94033,36745,94035,36748],{"href":94034},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94036,35887],{},[38,94038,1063,94040],{"id":94039},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94041,93231],{},[20,94043,222,94044,1070],{},[15,94045,93231],{},[234,94047,94048,94051,94054,94057],{},[237,94049,94050],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[237,94052,94053],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[237,94055,94056],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[237,94058,94059],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94061,309],{},[43,94063,94065],{"className":45,"code":94064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94066,94067,94085,94099,94103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94068,94069,94071,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94070,3971],{"class":58},[52,94072,63],{"class":62},[52,94074,22690],{"class":3251},[52,94076,145],{"class":66},[52,94078,60148],{"class":141},[52,94080,145],{"class":66},[52,94082,2484],{"class":103},[52,94084,2120],{"class":66},[52,94086,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94088,4001],{"class":58},[52,94090,121],{"class":66},[52,94092,811],{"class":124},[52,94094,145],{"class":66},[52,94096,2484],{"class":103},[52,94098,151],{"class":66},[52,94100,94101],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94102,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,94104,94105,94107,94109,94111],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94106,142],{"class":141},[52,94108,145],{"class":66},[52,94110,4001],{"class":124},[52,94112,151],{"class":66},[20,94114,173],{},[43,94116,94118],{"className":45,"code":94117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94119,94120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94121,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94123,513],{"class":66},[52,94125,2467],{"class":103},[52,94127,91],{"class":66},[52,94129,1364],{"class":103},[52,94131,91],{"class":66},[52,94133,1378],{"class":103},[52,94135,91],{"class":66},[52,94137,2801],{"class":103},[52,94139,91],{"class":66},[52,94141,2807],{"class":103},[52,94143,91],{"class":66},[52,94145,4959],{"class":103},[52,94147,766],{"class":66},[20,94149,6414,94150,94152],{},[15,94151,4001],{}," is a list.",[38,94154,15722],{"id":15721},[20,94156,94157,94159,94160,121],{},[15,94158,36337],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[33,94161,37738],{},[20,94163,694],{},[234,94165,94166,94168,94173,94178,94181],{},[237,94167,22115],{},[237,94169,94170,94171],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94172,42504],{},[237,94174,94175,94176],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94177,4238],{},[237,94179,94180],{},"You can index it",[237,94182,94183,94184,94186],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94185,52800],{}," do not work on it",[20,94188,309],{},[43,94190,94192],{"className":45,"code":94191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94193,94194,94208,94212,94226,94240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94195,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94197,93370],{"class":58},[52,94199,63],{"class":62},[52,94201,54218],{"class":141},[52,94203,145],{"class":66},[52,94205,2484],{"class":103},[52,94207,151],{"class":66},[52,94209,94210],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94211,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,94213,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94215,142],{"class":141},[52,94217,145],{"class":66},[52,94219,60655],{"class":124},[52,94221,513],{"class":66},[52,94223,2404],{"class":103},[52,94225,913],{"class":66},[52,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94229,142],{"class":141},[52,94231,145],{"class":66},[52,94233,11505],{"class":141},[52,94235,145],{"class":66},[52,94237,60655],{"class":124},[52,94239,2120],{"class":66},[52,94241,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,94243,142],{"class":141},[52,94245,145],{"class":66},[52,94247,2410],{"class":103},[52,94249,21303],{"class":163},[52,94251,93741],{"class":124},[52,94253,151],{"class":66},[20,94255,173],{},[43,94257,94259],{"className":45,"code":94258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94260,94261,94265,94269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94262,94263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94264,17183],{"class":103},[52,94266,94267],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94268,3297],{"class":103},[52,94270,94271],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94272,1025],{"class":218},[20,94274,94275],{},"Now compare that with this:",[43,94277,94279],{"className":45,"code":94278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94280,94281,94295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94282,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94284,93370],{"class":58},[52,94286,63],{"class":62},[52,94288,54218],{"class":141},[52,94290,145],{"class":66},[52,94292,2484],{"class":103},[52,94294,151],{"class":66},[52,94296,94297,94299,94301,94303,94305,94307],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94298,60655],{"class":58},[52,94300,121],{"class":66},[52,94302,811],{"class":124},[52,94304,145],{"class":66},[52,94306,2484],{"class":103},[52,94308,151],{"class":66},[20,94310,173],{},[43,94312,94314],{"className":45,"code":94313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94315,94316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94317,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94333,94335,94337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94319,25803],{"class":3251},[52,94321,80],{"class":66},[52,94323,195],{"class":70},[52,94325,60148],{"class":74},[52,94327,186],{"class":70},[52,94329,24748],{"class":3251},[52,94331,94332],{"class":58}," has no attribute ",[52,94334,186],{"class":70},[52,94336,811],{"class":74},[52,94338,29833],{"class":70},[20,94340,94341,94342,2536,94344,2540,94346,94348],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94343,52800],{},[15,94345,55677],{},[15,94347,64462],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94350,94351,94352,121],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[257,94353,25811,94354],{"href":35557},[15,94355,34391],{},[38,94357,94359],{"id":94358},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94361,94362],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[43,94364,94365],{"className":45,"code":92841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94366,94367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94368,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94370,142],{"class":141},[52,94372,145],{"class":66},[52,94374,60148],{"class":141},[52,94376,145],{"class":66},[52,94378,2484],{"class":103},[52,94380,2120],{"class":66},[20,94382,94383],{},"to show:",[43,94385,94386],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94387,94388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94389,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94391,513],{"class":66},[52,94393,2467],{"class":103},[52,94395,91],{"class":66},[52,94397,1364],{"class":103},[52,94399,91],{"class":66},[52,94401,1378],{"class":103},[52,94403,91],{"class":66},[52,94405,2801],{"class":103},[52,94407,91],{"class":66},[52,94409,2807],{"class":103},[52,94411,766],{"class":66},[20,94413,94414],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[43,94416,94417],{"className":45,"code":92862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94418,94419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94420,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94422,60148],{"class":141},[52,94424,145],{"class":66},[52,94426,2467],{"class":103},[52,94428,91],{"class":66},[52,94430,4959],{"class":103},[52,94432,151],{"class":66},[20,94434,4982,94435,94437],{},[33,94436,1332],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94439,94440,94441,94443],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[33,94442,93249],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94445,94446],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[43,94448,94449],{"className":45,"code":91198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94450,94451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94452,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94454,142],{"class":141},[52,94456,145],{"class":66},[52,94458,8448],{"class":3251},[52,94460,145],{"class":66},[52,94462,60148],{"class":141},[52,94464,145],{"class":66},[52,94466,2484],{"class":103},[52,94468,3262],{"class":66},[20,94470,173],{},[43,94472,94473],{"className":45,"code":60171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94474,94475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94476,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94478,513],{"class":66},[52,94480,2467],{"class":103},[52,94482,91],{"class":66},[52,94484,1364],{"class":103},[52,94486,91],{"class":66},[52,94488,1378],{"class":103},[52,94490,91],{"class":66},[52,94492,2801],{"class":103},[52,94494,91],{"class":66},[52,94496,2807],{"class":103},[52,94498,766],{"class":66},[38,94500,2022],{"id":2021},[20,94502,94503],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[234,94505,94506,94512,94515,94521],{},[237,94507,1326,94508,94511],{},[15,94509,94510],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[237,94513,94514],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[237,94516,94517,94518,94520],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94519,36337],{}," is iterable but not a list",[237,94522,1326,94523,94525,94526,94528],{},[15,94524,93231],{}," when plain ",[15,94527,36337],{}," would be simpler",[20,94530,94531],{},"These quick checks can help:",[43,94533,94535],{"className":45,"code":94534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94536,94537,94551,94569,94587,94609,94627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94538,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94540,142],{"class":141},[52,94542,145],{"class":66},[52,94544,60148],{"class":141},[52,94546,145],{"class":66},[52,94548,2484],{"class":103},[52,94550,2120],{"class":66},[52,94552,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94554,142],{"class":141},[52,94556,145],{"class":66},[52,94558,8448],{"class":3251},[52,94560,145],{"class":66},[52,94562,60148],{"class":141},[52,94564,145],{"class":66},[52,94566,2484],{"class":103},[52,94568,3262],{"class":66},[52,94570,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94572,142],{"class":141},[52,94574,145],{"class":66},[52,94576,3573],{"class":3251},[52,94578,145],{"class":66},[52,94580,60148],{"class":141},[52,94582,145],{"class":66},[52,94584,2484],{"class":103},[52,94586,3262],{"class":66},[52,94588,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605,94607],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94590,142],{"class":141},[52,94592,145],{"class":66},[52,94594,3573],{"class":3251},[52,94596,145],{"class":66},[52,94598,8448],{"class":3251},[52,94600,145],{"class":66},[52,94602,60148],{"class":141},[52,94604,145],{"class":66},[52,94606,2484],{"class":103},[52,94608,93518],{"class":66},[52,94610,94611,94613,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,94612,142],{"class":141},[52,94614,145],{"class":66},[52,94616,2410],{"class":103},[52,94618,21303],{"class":163},[52,94620,54218],{"class":141},[52,94622,145],{"class":66},[52,94624,2484],{"class":103},[52,94626,2120],{"class":66},[52,94628,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637,94639,94641,94643],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,94630,142],{"class":141},[52,94632,145],{"class":66},[52,94634,11505],{"class":141},[52,94636,145],{"class":66},[52,94638,60148],{"class":141},[52,94640,145],{"class":66},[52,94642,2484],{"class":103},[52,94644,3262],{"class":66},[20,94646,173],{},[43,94648,94650],{"className":45,"code":94649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94651,94652,94666,94690,94704,94718,94722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94653,94654,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94655,60148],{"class":141},[52,94657,145],{"class":66},[52,94659,2467],{"class":103},[52,94661,91],{"class":66},[52,94663,4959],{"class":103},[52,94665,151],{"class":66},[52,94667,94668,94670,94672,94674,94676,94678,94680,94682,94684,94686,94688],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94669,513],{"class":66},[52,94671,2467],{"class":103},[52,94673,91],{"class":66},[52,94675,1364],{"class":103},[52,94677,91],{"class":66},[52,94679,1378],{"class":103},[52,94681,91],{"class":66},[52,94683,2801],{"class":103},[52,94685,91],{"class":66},[52,94687,2807],{"class":103},[52,94689,766],{"class":66},[52,94691,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94693,3642],{"class":62},[52,94695,3645],{"class":2413},[52,94697,195],{"class":70},[52,94699,60148],{"class":74},[52,94701,186],{"class":70},[52,94703,3654],{"class":62},[52,94705,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94707,3642],{"class":62},[52,94709,3645],{"class":2413},[52,94711,195],{"class":70},[52,94713,8448],{"class":74},[52,94715,186],{"class":70},[52,94717,3654],{"class":62},[52,94719,94720],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,94721,1025],{"class":218},[52,94723,94724],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,94725,3297],{"class":103},[38,94727,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,94729,2205,94731,94733],{"id":94730},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94732,36337],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94735,46510,94736,94738],{},[15,94737,36337],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1335,94740,94742,94743,2034,94745,2221],{"id":94741},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94744,36337],{},[15,94746,93231],{},[20,94748,94749,94751,94752,94754],{},[15,94750,36337],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94753,93231],{}," creates a full list.",[1335,94756,94758],{"id":94757},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94760,94761],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94763,309],{},[43,94765,94767],{"className":45,"code":94766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94768,94769,94783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94770,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779,94781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94772,93370],{"class":58},[52,94774,63],{"class":62},[52,94776,54218],{"class":141},[52,94778,145],{"class":66},[52,94780,2484],{"class":103},[52,94782,151],{"class":66},[52,94784,94785,94787,94789,94791,94793,94795],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94786,142],{"class":141},[52,94788,145],{"class":66},[52,94790,60655],{"class":124},[52,94792,513],{"class":66},[52,94794,3339],{"class":103},[52,94796,913],{"class":66},[20,94798,173],{},[43,94800,94801],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94802,94803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94804,94805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94806,47062],{"class":103},[1335,94808,5511,94810,94812],{"id":94809},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94811,94510],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94814,94815,94816,94819],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94817,94818],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1335,94821,94823,94824,94826],{"id":94822},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94825,36337],{}," to a list?",[20,94828,94829],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[38,94831,2240],{"id":2239},[234,94833,94834,94840,94846,94853,94859],{},[237,94835,94836],{},[257,94837,3928,94838,3861],{"href":93215},[15,94839,36337],{},[237,94841,94842],{},[257,94843,3928,94844,3861],{"href":64998},[15,94845,24912],{},[237,94847,94848],{},[257,94849,3928,94850,94852],{"href":93668},[15,94851,6312],{}," loops explained",[237,94854,94855],{},[257,94856,37659,94857,36748],{"href":94034},[15,94858,35887],{},[237,94860,94861],{},[257,94862,26254,94863],{"href":35557},[15,94864,34391],{},[2278,94866,94867],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":94869},[94870,94871,94872,94874,94876,94878,94880,94881,94882,94883,94894],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":93334,"depth":110,"text":93335},{"id":93566,"depth":110,"text":94873},"What range() gives you",{"id":93779,"depth":110,"text":94875},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93904,"depth":110,"text":94877},"When to use range()",{"id":94039,"depth":110,"text":94879},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15721,"depth":110,"text":15722},{"id":94358,"depth":110,"text":94359},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":94884},[94885,94887,94889,94890,94892],{"id":94730,"depth":131,"text":94886},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94741,"depth":131,"text":94888},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94757,"depth":131,"text":94758},{"id":94809,"depth":131,"text":94891},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94822,"depth":131,"text":94893},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93221,"description":94895},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94902,"title":94903,"body":94904,"description":96340,"extension":2310,"meta":96341,"navigation":134,"path":96342,"seo":96343,"stem":96344,"__hash__":96345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94905,"toc":96306},[94906,94912,94917,94920,94934,94937,94939,94978,94980,94993,95001,95006,95022,95025,95027,95029,95050,95067,95070,95129,95131,95150,95155,95161,95164,95198,95200,95213,95216,95261,95263,95286,95293,95299,95302,95343,95345,95359,95362,95420,95422,95437,95450,95456,95462,95527,95529,95548,95550,95568,95571,95575,95581,95583,95616,95618,95631,95641,95644,95705,95707,95728,95731,95733,95749,95754,95758,95763,95768,95824,95826,95844,95847,95892,95894,95902,95907,95911,95925,95927,95959,95961,95970,95972,95976,95985,95988,96020,96022,96034,96037,96041,96046,96087,96089,96097,96100,96123,96127,96129,96138,96141,96194,96196,96205,96209,96214,96225,96227,96236,96239,96245,96248,96254,96264,96272,96279,96281,96303],[10,94907,3928,94909,3932],{"id":94908},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94910,94911],{},"round()",[20,94913,9478,94914,94916],{},[15,94915,94911],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94918,94919],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[234,94921,94922,94928],{},[237,94923,94924,94927],{},[15,94925,94926],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[237,94929,94930,94933],{},[15,94931,94932],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94935,94936],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[38,94938,41],{"id":40},[43,94940,94942],{"className":45,"code":94941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94943,94944,94960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94945,94946,94948,94950,94953,94955,94958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94947,142],{"class":141},[52,94949,145],{"class":66},[52,94951,94952],{"class":141},"round",[52,94954,145],{"class":66},[52,94956,94957],{"class":103},"3.14159",[52,94959,2120],{"class":66},[52,94961,94962,94964,94966,94968,94970,94972,94974,94976],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94963,142],{"class":141},[52,94965,145],{"class":66},[52,94967,94952],{"class":141},[52,94969,145],{"class":66},[52,94971,94957],{"class":103},[52,94973,91],{"class":66},[52,94975,1378],{"class":103},[52,94977,2120],{"class":66},[20,94979,173],{},[43,94981,94983],{"className":45,"code":94982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94984,94985,94989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94986,94987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94988,46762],{"class":103},[52,94990,94991],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,94992,40319],{"class":103},[20,94994,222,94995,94997,94998,95000],{},[15,94996,94926],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94999,94932],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[38,95002,4031,95004,4034],{"id":95003},"what-round-does",[15,95005,94911],{},[234,95007,95008,95013,95016,95019],{},[237,95009,95010,95012],{},[15,95011,94911],{}," is a built-in Python function",[237,95014,95015],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[237,95017,95018],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[237,95020,95021],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95023,95024],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[38,95026,269],{"id":268},[20,95028,2507],{},[43,95030,95032],{"className":45,"code":95031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95033,95034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95035,95036,95038,95040,95042,95045,95048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95037,94952],{"class":141},[52,95039,145],{"class":66},[52,95041,2587],{"class":124},[52,95043,95044],{"class":66},"[,",[52,95046,95047],{"class":124}," ndigits",[52,95049,913],{"class":66},[234,95051,95052,95057,95062],{},[237,95053,95054,95056],{},[15,95055,2587],{}," is the value to round",[237,95058,95059,20168],{},[15,95060,95061],{},"ndigits",[237,95063,95064,95066],{},[15,95065,95061],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95068,95069],{},"Basic examples:",[43,95071,95073],{"className":45,"code":95072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95074,95075,95090,95108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95076,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95078,142],{"class":141},[52,95080,145],{"class":66},[52,95082,94952],{"class":141},[52,95084,145],{"class":66},[52,95086,95087],{"class":103},"7.8",[52,95089,2120],{"class":66},[52,95091,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95093,142],{"class":141},[52,95095,145],{"class":66},[52,95097,94952],{"class":141},[52,95099,145],{"class":66},[52,95101,95087],{"class":103},[52,95103,91],{"class":66},[52,95105,1364],{"class":103},[52,95107,2120],{"class":66},[52,95109,95110,95112,95114,95116,95118,95121,95123,95125,95127],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95111,142],{"class":141},[52,95113,145],{"class":66},[52,95115,94952],{"class":141},[52,95117,145],{"class":66},[52,95119,95120],{"class":103},"1234",[52,95122,91],{"class":66},[52,95124,2569],{"class":62},[52,95126,2404],{"class":103},[52,95128,2120],{"class":66},[20,95130,173],{},[43,95132,95134],{"className":45,"code":95133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95135,95136,95140,95145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95137,95138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95139,2730],{"class":103},[52,95141,95142],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95143,95144],{"class":103},"7.8\n",[52,95146,95147],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95148,95149],{"class":103},"1200\n",[20,95151,95152,95153,121],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[257,95154,2769],{"href":2768},[38,95156,1326,95158,95160],{"id":95157},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95159,94911],{}," with one argument",[20,95162,95163],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[43,95165,95167],{"className":45,"code":95166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95168,95169,95183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95172,142],{"class":141},[52,95174,145],{"class":66},[52,95176,94952],{"class":141},[52,95178,145],{"class":66},[52,95180,2711],{"class":103},[52,95182,2120],{"class":66},[52,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95196],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95186,142],{"class":141},[52,95188,145],{"class":66},[52,95190,94952],{"class":141},[52,95192,145],{"class":66},[52,95194,95195],{"class":103},"4.8",[52,95197,2120],{"class":66},[20,95199,173],{},[43,95201,95203],{"className":45,"code":95202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n5\n",[15,95204,95205,95209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95206,95207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95208,48796],{"class":103},[52,95210,95211],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95212,3297],{"class":103},[20,95214,95215],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[43,95217,95219],{"className":45,"code":95218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95220,95221,95237,95247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95222,95223,95225,95227,95230,95232,95235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95224,2577],{"class":58},[52,95226,63],{"class":62},[52,95228,95229],{"class":141}," round",[52,95231,145],{"class":66},[52,95233,95234],{"class":103},"10.2",[52,95236,151],{"class":66},[52,95238,95239,95241,95243,95245],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95240,142],{"class":141},[52,95242,145],{"class":66},[52,95244,2612],{"class":124},[52,95246,151],{"class":66},[52,95248,95249,95251,95253,95255,95257,95259],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95250,142],{"class":141},[52,95252,145],{"class":66},[52,95254,3573],{"class":3251},[52,95256,145],{"class":66},[52,95258,2612],{"class":124},[52,95260,2120],{"class":66},[20,95262,173],{},[43,95264,95266],{"className":45,"code":95265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95267,95268,95272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95269,95270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95271,2725],{"class":103},[52,95273,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95275,3642],{"class":62},[52,95277,3645],{"class":2413},[52,95279,195],{"class":70},[52,95281,2535],{"class":74},[52,95283,186],{"class":70},[52,95285,3654],{"class":62},[20,95287,95288,95289,121],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[257,95290,3928,95291,3861],{"href":3224},[15,95292,3227],{},[38,95294,1326,95296,95298],{"id":95295},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95297,94911],{}," with decimal places",[20,95300,95301],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[43,95303,95305],{"className":45,"code":95304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95306,95307,95325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95308,95309,95311,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321,95323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95310,142],{"class":141},[52,95312,145],{"class":66},[52,95314,94952],{"class":141},[52,95316,145],{"class":66},[52,95318,94957],{"class":103},[52,95320,91],{"class":66},[52,95322,1378],{"class":103},[52,95324,2120],{"class":66},[52,95326,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339,95341],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95328,142],{"class":141},[52,95330,145],{"class":66},[52,95332,94952],{"class":141},[52,95334,145],{"class":66},[52,95336,94957],{"class":103},[52,95338,91],{"class":66},[52,95340,2801],{"class":103},[52,95342,2120],{"class":66},[20,95344,173],{},[43,95346,95348],{"className":45,"code":95347,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95349,95350,95354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95351,95352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95353,40319],{"class":103},[52,95355,95356],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95357,95358],{"class":103},"3.142\n",[20,95360,95361],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[43,95363,95365],{"className":45,"code":95364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95366,95367,95376,95395,95399,95409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95368,95369,95371,95373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95370,40529],{"class":58},[52,95372,63],{"class":62},[52,95374,95375],{"class":103}," 19.9876\n",[52,95377,95378,95381,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391,95393],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95379,95380],{"class":58},"rounded_price ",[52,95382,63],{"class":62},[52,95384,95229],{"class":141},[52,95386,145],{"class":66},[52,95388,25281],{"class":124},[52,95390,91],{"class":66},[52,95392,1378],{"class":103},[52,95394,151],{"class":66},[52,95396,95397],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95398,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,95400,95401,95403,95405,95407],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,95402,142],{"class":141},[52,95404,145],{"class":66},[52,95406,25281],{"class":124},[52,95408,151],{"class":66},[52,95410,95411,95413,95415,95418],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,95412,142],{"class":141},[52,95414,145],{"class":66},[52,95416,95417],{"class":124},"rounded_price",[52,95419,151],{"class":66},[20,95421,173],{},[43,95423,95425],{"className":45,"code":95424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95426,95427,95432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95428,95429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95430,95431],{"class":103},"19.9876\n",[52,95433,95434],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95435,95436],{"class":103},"19.99\n",[20,95438,95439,95440,95443,95444,261,95446,121],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95441,95442],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[257,95445,41034],{"href":41033},[257,95447,3928,95448,3861],{"href":3230},[15,95449,3233],{},[38,95451,95453,95454],{"id":95452},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95455,95061],{},[20,95457,95458,95459,95461],{},"A negative ",[15,95460,95061],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[43,95463,95465],{"className":45,"code":95464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95466,95467,95487,95507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95468,95469,95471,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95470,142],{"class":141},[52,95472,145],{"class":66},[52,95474,94952],{"class":141},[52,95476,145],{"class":66},[52,95478,95120],{"class":103},[52,95480,91],{"class":66},[52,95482,2569],{"class":62},[52,95484,3339],{"class":103},[52,95486,2120],{"class":66},[52,95488,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503,95505],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95490,142],{"class":141},[52,95492,145],{"class":66},[52,95494,94952],{"class":141},[52,95496,145],{"class":66},[52,95498,95120],{"class":103},[52,95500,91],{"class":66},[52,95502,2569],{"class":62},[52,95504,2404],{"class":103},[52,95506,2120],{"class":66},[52,95508,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519,95521,95523,95525],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95510,142],{"class":141},[52,95512,145],{"class":66},[52,95514,94952],{"class":141},[52,95516,145],{"class":66},[52,95518,95120],{"class":103},[52,95520,91],{"class":66},[52,95522,2569],{"class":62},[52,95524,2410],{"class":103},[52,95526,2120],{"class":66},[20,95528,173],{},[43,95530,95532],{"className":45,"code":95531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95533,95534,95539,95543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95535,95536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95537,95538],{"class":103},"1230\n",[52,95540,95541],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95542,95149],{"class":103},[52,95544,95545],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95546,95547],{"class":103},"1000\n",[20,95549,65735],{},[234,95551,95552,95557,95563],{},[237,95553,95554,95556],{},[15,95555,66005],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[237,95558,95559,95562],{},[15,95560,95561],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[237,95564,95565,95567],{},[15,95566,47816],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95569,95570],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[38,95572,95574],{"id":95573},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95576,95577,95578,121],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95579,95580],{},".5",[20,95582,5826],{},[43,95584,95586],{"className":45,"code":95585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95587,95588,95602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95589,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95591,142],{"class":141},[52,95593,145],{"class":66},[52,95595,94952],{"class":141},[52,95597,145],{"class":66},[52,95599,41301],{"class":103},[52,95601,2120],{"class":66},[52,95603,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95605,142],{"class":141},[52,95607,145],{"class":66},[52,95609,94952],{"class":141},[52,95611,145],{"class":66},[52,95613,2387],{"class":103},[52,95615,2120],{"class":66},[20,95617,173],{},[43,95619,95621],{"className":45,"code":95620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n4\n",[15,95622,95623,95627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95624,95625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95626,17183],{"class":103},[52,95628,95629],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95630,48796],{"class":103},[20,95632,95633,95634,95637,95638,95640],{},"Python uses ",[33,95635,95636],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95639,95580],{}," situations.",[20,95642,95643],{},"More examples:",[43,95645,95647],{"className":45,"code":95646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95648,95649,95663,95677,95691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95650,95651,95653,95655,95657,95659,95661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95652,142],{"class":141},[52,95654,145],{"class":66},[52,95656,94952],{"class":141},[52,95658,145],{"class":66},[52,95660,41314],{"class":103},[52,95662,2120],{"class":66},[52,95664,95665,95667,95669,95671,95673,95675],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95666,142],{"class":141},[52,95668,145],{"class":66},[52,95670,94952],{"class":141},[52,95672,145],{"class":66},[52,95674,41301],{"class":103},[52,95676,2120],{"class":66},[52,95678,95679,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95680,142],{"class":141},[52,95682,145],{"class":66},[52,95684,94952],{"class":141},[52,95686,145],{"class":66},[52,95688,2387],{"class":103},[52,95690,2120],{"class":66},[52,95692,95693,95695,95697,95699,95701,95703],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,95694,142],{"class":141},[52,95696,145],{"class":66},[52,95698,94952],{"class":141},[52,95700,145],{"class":66},[52,95702,41266],{"class":103},[52,95704,2120],{"class":66},[20,95706,173],{},[43,95708,95710],{"className":45,"code":95709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95711,95712,95716,95720,95724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95713,95714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95715,17183],{"class":103},[52,95717,95718],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95719,17183],{"class":103},[52,95721,95722],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95723,48796],{"class":103},[52,95725,95726],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,95727,48796],{"class":103},[20,95729,95730],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95732,11058],{},[234,95734,95735,95742],{},[237,95736,95737,2481,95740],{},[15,95738,95739],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95741,2404],{},[237,95743,95744,2481,95747],{},[15,95745,95746],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95748,2855],{},[20,95750,3520,95751,95753],{},[15,95752,95580],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[38,95755,95757],{"id":95756},"return-values","Return values",[20,95759,95760,95762],{},[15,95761,94911],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95764,41048,95765,95767],{},[33,95766,1332],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[43,95769,95771],{"className":45,"code":95770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95772,95773,95782,95786,95796,95814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95774,95775,95777,95779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95776,2796],{"class":58},[52,95778,63],{"class":62},[52,95780,95781],{"class":103}," 3.14159\n",[52,95783,95784],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95785,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,95787,95788,95790,95792,95794],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95789,142],{"class":141},[52,95791,145],{"class":66},[52,95793,2823],{"class":124},[52,95795,151],{"class":66},[52,95797,95798,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808,95810,95812],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,95799,142],{"class":141},[52,95801,145],{"class":66},[52,95803,94952],{"class":141},[52,95805,145],{"class":66},[52,95807,2823],{"class":124},[52,95809,91],{"class":66},[52,95811,1378],{"class":103},[52,95813,2120],{"class":66},[52,95815,95816,95818,95820,95822],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,95817,142],{"class":141},[52,95819,145],{"class":66},[52,95821,2823],{"class":124},[52,95823,151],{"class":66},[20,95825,173],{},[43,95827,95829],{"className":45,"code":95828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95830,95831,95836,95840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95832,95833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95834,95835],{"class":103},"3.14159\n",[52,95837,95838],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95839,40319],{"class":103},[52,95841,95842],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95843,95835],{"class":103},[20,95845,95846],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[43,95848,95850],{"className":45,"code":95849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95851,95852,95860,95878,95882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95853,95854,95856,95858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95855,2796],{"class":58},[52,95857,63],{"class":62},[52,95859,95781],{"class":103},[52,95861,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872,95874,95876],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95863,2796],{"class":58},[52,95865,63],{"class":62},[52,95867,95229],{"class":141},[52,95869,145],{"class":66},[52,95871,2823],{"class":124},[52,95873,91],{"class":66},[52,95875,1378],{"class":103},[52,95877,151],{"class":66},[52,95879,95880],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95881,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,95883,95884,95886,95888,95890],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,95885,142],{"class":141},[52,95887,145],{"class":66},[52,95889,2823],{"class":124},[52,95891,151],{"class":66},[20,95893,173],{},[43,95895,95896],{"className":45,"code":40319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95897,95898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95899,95900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95901,40319],{"class":103},[38,95903,1063,95905],{"id":95904},"when-to-use-round",[15,95906,94911],{},[20,95908,222,95909,6672],{},[15,95910,94911],{},[234,95912,95913,95916,95919,95922],{},[237,95914,95915],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[237,95917,95918],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[237,95920,95921],{},"Round values before reporting results",[237,95923,95924],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95926,5826],{},[43,95928,95930],{"className":45,"code":95929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95931,95932,95941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95933,95934,95936,95938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95935,2946],{"class":58},[52,95937,63],{"class":62},[52,95939,95940],{"class":103}," 12.67891\n",[52,95942,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953,95955,95957],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,95944,142],{"class":141},[52,95946,145],{"class":66},[52,95948,94952],{"class":141},[52,95950,145],{"class":66},[52,95952,2969],{"class":124},[52,95954,91],{"class":66},[52,95956,1378],{"class":103},[52,95958,2120],{"class":66},[20,95960,173],{},[43,95962,95964],{"className":45,"code":95963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"12.68\n",[15,95965,95966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95967,95968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95969,95963],{"class":103},[38,95971,2022],{"id":2021},[20,95973,23225,95974,121],{},[15,95975,94911],{},[1335,95977,8807,95979,95981,95982,95984],{"id":95978},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95980,94911],{}," to always round ",[15,95983,95580],{}," upward",[20,95986,95987],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[43,95989,95990],{"className":45,"code":95585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95991,95992,96006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95993,95994,95996,95998,96000,96002,96004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95995,142],{"class":141},[52,95997,145],{"class":66},[52,95999,94952],{"class":141},[52,96001,145],{"class":66},[52,96003,41301],{"class":103},[52,96005,2120],{"class":66},[52,96007,96008,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96009,142],{"class":141},[52,96011,145],{"class":66},[52,96013,94952],{"class":141},[52,96015,145],{"class":66},[52,96017,2387],{"class":103},[52,96019,2120],{"class":66},[20,96021,173],{},[43,96023,96024],{"className":45,"code":95620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,96025,96026,96030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96027,96028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96029,17183],{"class":103},[52,96031,96032],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96033,48796],{"class":103},[20,96035,96036],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1335,96038,96040],{"id":96039},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96042,96043,96045],{},[15,96044,94911],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[43,96047,96049],{"className":45,"code":96048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96050,96051,96059,96073,96077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96052,96053,96055,96057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96054,2796],{"class":58},[52,96056,63],{"class":62},[52,96058,95781],{"class":103},[52,96060,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96062,94952],{"class":141},[52,96064,145],{"class":66},[52,96066,2823],{"class":124},[52,96068,91],{"class":66},[52,96070,1378],{"class":103},[52,96072,151],{"class":66},[52,96074,96075],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96076,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,96078,96079,96081,96083,96085],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,96080,142],{"class":141},[52,96082,145],{"class":66},[52,96084,2823],{"class":124},[52,96086,151],{"class":66},[20,96088,173],{},[43,96090,96091],{"className":45,"code":95835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,96092,96093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96094,96095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96096,95835],{"class":103},[20,96098,96099],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[43,96101,96103],{"className":45,"code":96102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96104,96105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96106,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96108,2796],{"class":58},[52,96110,63],{"class":62},[52,96112,95229],{"class":141},[52,96114,145],{"class":66},[52,96116,2823],{"class":124},[52,96118,91],{"class":66},[52,96120,1378],{"class":103},[52,96122,151],{"class":66},[1335,96124,96126],{"id":96125},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96128,16527],{},[43,96130,96132],{"className":45,"code":96131,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96133,96134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96135,96136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96137,96131],{"class":4017},[20,96139,96140],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[43,96142,96144],{"className":45,"code":96143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96145,96146,96158,96172,96176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96147,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96149,34824],{"class":58},[52,96151,63],{"class":62},[52,96153,83],{"class":70},[52,96155,40285],{"class":74},[52,96157,3710],{"class":70},[52,96159,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96161,2564],{"class":58},[52,96163,63],{"class":62},[52,96165,40397],{"class":3251},[52,96167,145],{"class":66},[52,96169,34845],{"class":124},[52,96171,151],{"class":66},[52,96173,96174],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96175,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,96177,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,96179,142],{"class":141},[52,96181,145],{"class":66},[52,96183,94952],{"class":141},[52,96185,145],{"class":66},[52,96187,2587],{"class":124},[52,96189,91],{"class":66},[52,96191,1364],{"class":103},[52,96193,2120],{"class":66},[20,96195,173],{},[43,96197,96199],{"className":45,"code":96198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.1\n",[15,96200,96201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96202,96203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96204,96198],{"class":103},[1335,96206,96208],{"id":96207},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96210,96211,96213],{},[15,96212,94911],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96215,96216,96217,261,96221,121],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[257,96218,96219],{"href":3230},[15,96220,3233],{},[257,96222,96223],{"href":3224},[15,96224,3227],{},[38,96226,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,96228,2195,96230,96232,96233,96235],{"id":96229},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96231,94911],{}," always round ",[15,96234,40356],{}," up?",[20,96237,96238],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1335,96240,2195,96242,96244],{"id":96241},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96243,94911],{}," change the original number?",[20,96246,96247],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1335,96249,5523,96251,96253],{"id":96250},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96252,94911],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96255,96256,96257,96259,96260,261,96262,121],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96258,95061],{}," value like ",[15,96261,66005],{},[15,96263,95561],{},[1335,96265,28461,96267,96269,96270,2221],{"id":96266},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96268,94911],{}," on a string like ",[15,96271,48240],{},[20,96273,96274,96275,261,96277,121],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96276,3233],{},[15,96278,3227],{},[38,96280,2240],{"id":2239},[234,96282,96283,96289,96295,96299],{},[237,96284,96285],{},[257,96286,3928,96287,3861],{"href":3230},[15,96288,3233],{},[237,96290,96291],{},[257,96292,3928,96293,3861],{"href":3224},[15,96294,3227],{},[237,96296,96297],{},[257,96298,2769],{"href":2768},[237,96300,96301],{},[257,96302,42324],{"href":41033},[2278,96304,96305],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":96307},[96308,96309,96311,96312,96314,96316,96318,96319,96320,96322,96329,96339],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":95003,"depth":110,"text":96310},"What round() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":95157,"depth":110,"text":96313},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95295,"depth":110,"text":96315},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95452,"depth":110,"text":96317},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95573,"depth":110,"text":95574},{"id":95756,"depth":110,"text":95757},{"id":95904,"depth":110,"text":96321},"When to use round()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":96323},[96324,96326,96327,96328],{"id":95978,"depth":131,"text":96325},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96039,"depth":131,"text":96040},{"id":96125,"depth":131,"text":96126},{"id":96207,"depth":131,"text":96208},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":96330},[96331,96333,96335,96337],{"id":96229,"depth":131,"text":96332},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96241,"depth":131,"text":96334},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96250,"depth":131,"text":96336},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96266,"depth":131,"text":96338},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94903,"description":96340},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96347,"title":96348,"body":96349,"description":97534,"extension":2310,"meta":97535,"navigation":134,"path":97536,"seo":97537,"stem":97538,"__hash__":97539},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96350,"toc":97508},[96351,96358,96364,96367,96369,96418,96422,96447,96452,96457,96462,96476,96487,96489,96508,96510,96526,96529,96540,96542,96544,96605,96609,96642,96649,96656,96659,96692,96695,96699,96702,96755,96759,96780,96786,96793,96800,96861,96869,96946,96950,96962,96971,96973,96979,96985,96989,97042,97045,97103,97107,97115,97118,97122,97125,97135,97137,97234,97237,97248,97251,97294,97298,97322,97325,97331,97333,97337,97362,97364,97431,97440,97442,97448,97453,97457,97460,97464,97471,97475,97480,97482,97499,97505],[10,96352,96354,96355,18],{"id":96353},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96356,96357],{},"add()",[20,96359,96360,96363],{},[15,96361,96362],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96365,96366],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96368,41],{"id":40},[43,96370,96372],{"className":45,"code":96371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96373,96374,96394,96408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96377,3971],{"class":58},[52,96379,63],{"class":62},[52,96381,67],{"class":66},[52,96383,3339],{"class":103},[52,96385,91],{"class":66},[52,96387,1378],{"class":103},[52,96389,91],{"class":66},[52,96391,2801],{"class":103},[52,96393,107],{"class":66},[52,96395,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96397,4001],{"class":58},[52,96399,121],{"class":66},[52,96401,82257],{"class":124},[52,96403,145],{"class":66},[52,96405,2855],{"class":103},[52,96407,151],{"class":66},[52,96409,96410,96412,96414,96416],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96411,142],{"class":141},[52,96413,145],{"class":66},[52,96415,4001],{"class":124},[52,96417,151],{"class":66},[20,96419,96420],{},[33,96421,173],{},[43,96423,96425],{"className":45,"code":96424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96426,96427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96428,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96430,183],{"class":66},[52,96432,3339],{"class":103},[52,96434,91],{"class":66},[52,96436,1378],{"class":103},[52,96438,91],{"class":66},[52,96440,2801],{"class":103},[52,96442,91],{"class":66},[52,96444,2807],{"class":103},[52,96446,107],{"class":66},[20,96448,222,96449,96451],{},[15,96450,96357],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96453,4031,96455,4034],{"id":96454},"what-setadd-does",[15,96456,96362],{},[20,96458,96459,96461],{},[15,96460,96362],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[234,96463,96464,96467,96470,96473],{},[237,96465,96466],{},"Adds one item to a set",[237,96468,96469],{},"Changes the original set in place",[237,96471,96472],{},"Does not return a new set",[237,96474,96475],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96477,96478,96479,261,96483,121],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[257,96480,96482],{"href":96481},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[257,96484,96486],{"href":96485},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[38,96488,269],{"id":268},[43,96490,96492],{"className":45,"code":96491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96493,96494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96495,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96497,15792],{"class":58},[52,96499,121],{"class":66},[52,96501,82257],{"class":124},[52,96503,145],{"class":66},[52,96505,23441],{"class":124},[52,96507,151],{"class":66},[20,96509,11798],{},[234,96511,96512,96517,96520],{},[237,96513,56057,96514,96516],{},[15,96515,96357],{}," on an existing set",[237,96518,96519],{},"Pass exactly one item",[237,96521,96522,96523],{},"The item must be ",[33,96524,96525],{},"hashable",[20,96527,96528],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[234,96530,96531,96533,96535,96538],{},[237,96532,56610],{},[237,96534,56613],{},[237,96536,96537],{},"Tuples",[237,96539,40737],{},[38,96541,438],{"id":437},[20,96543,11815],{},[43,96545,96547],{"className":45,"code":96546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96548,96549,96573,96591,96595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96550,96551,96553,96555,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96552,319],{"class":58},[52,96554,63],{"class":62},[52,96556,67],{"class":66},[52,96558,71],{"class":70},[52,96560,336],{"class":74},[52,96562,71],{"class":70},[52,96564,91],{"class":66},[52,96566,83],{"class":70},[52,96568,354],{"class":74},[52,96570,71],{"class":70},[52,96572,107],{"class":66},[52,96574,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96576,17630],{"class":58},[52,96578,121],{"class":66},[52,96580,82257],{"class":124},[52,96582,145],{"class":66},[52,96584,71],{"class":70},[52,96586,17583],{"class":74},[52,96588,71],{"class":70},[52,96590,151],{"class":66},[52,96592,96593],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96594,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,96596,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,96598,142],{"class":141},[52,96600,145],{"class":66},[52,96602,17630],{"class":124},[52,96604,151],{"class":66},[20,96606,96607],{},[33,96608,30163],{},[43,96610,96612],{"className":45,"code":96611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96613,96614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96615,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96617,183],{"class":66},[52,96619,186],{"class":70},[52,96621,336],{"class":74},[52,96623,186],{"class":70},[52,96625,91],{"class":66},[52,96627,195],{"class":70},[52,96629,17583],{"class":74},[52,96631,186],{"class":70},[52,96633,91],{"class":66},[52,96635,195],{"class":70},[52,96637,354],{"class":74},[52,96639,186],{"class":70},[52,96641,107],{"class":66},[20,96643,96644,96645,96648],{},"The new value ",[15,96646,96647],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96650,96651,96652,96655],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[33,96653,96654],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96657,96658],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[43,96660,96662],{"className":45,"code":96661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96663,96664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96665,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96667,183],{"class":66},[52,96669,186],{"class":70},[52,96671,354],{"class":74},[52,96673,186],{"class":70},[52,96675,91],{"class":66},[52,96677,195],{"class":70},[52,96679,336],{"class":74},[52,96681,186],{"class":70},[52,96683,91],{"class":66},[52,96685,195],{"class":70},[52,96687,17583],{"class":74},[52,96689,186],{"class":70},[52,96691,107],{"class":66},[20,96693,96694],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[38,96696,96698],{"id":96697},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96700,96701],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[43,96703,96705],{"className":45,"code":96704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96706,96707,96727,96741,96745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96708,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96710,3971],{"class":58},[52,96712,63],{"class":62},[52,96714,67],{"class":66},[52,96716,3339],{"class":103},[52,96718,91],{"class":66},[52,96720,1378],{"class":103},[52,96722,91],{"class":66},[52,96724,2801],{"class":103},[52,96726,107],{"class":66},[52,96728,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96730,4001],{"class":58},[52,96732,121],{"class":66},[52,96734,82257],{"class":124},[52,96736,145],{"class":66},[52,96738,2404],{"class":103},[52,96740,151],{"class":66},[52,96742,96743],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96744,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,96746,96747,96749,96751,96753],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,96748,142],{"class":141},[52,96750,145],{"class":66},[52,96752,4001],{"class":124},[52,96754,151],{"class":66},[20,96756,96757],{},[33,96758,173],{},[43,96760,96762],{"className":45,"code":96761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96763,96764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96765,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96767,183],{"class":66},[52,96769,3339],{"class":103},[52,96771,91],{"class":66},[52,96773,1378],{"class":103},[52,96775,91],{"class":66},[52,96777,2801],{"class":103},[52,96779,107],{"class":66},[20,96781,96782,96783,96785],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96784,2404],{}," was already present.",[38,96787,96789,10931,96791],{"id":96788},"add-vs-update",[15,96790,96357],{},[15,96792,2263],{},[20,96794,222,96795,96797,96798,121],{},[15,96796,96357],{}," when you want to add ",[33,96799,52804],{},[43,96801,96803],{"className":45,"code":96802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96804,96805,96829,96847,96851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96806,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96808,36229],{"class":58},[52,96810,63],{"class":62},[52,96812,67],{"class":66},[52,96814,71],{"class":70},[52,96816,257],{"class":74},[52,96818,71],{"class":70},[52,96820,91],{"class":66},[52,96822,83],{"class":70},[52,96824,345],{"class":74},[52,96826,71],{"class":70},[52,96828,107],{"class":66},[52,96830,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843,96845],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96832,36282],{"class":58},[52,96834,121],{"class":66},[52,96836,82257],{"class":124},[52,96838,145],{"class":66},[52,96840,71],{"class":70},[52,96842,10087],{"class":74},[52,96844,71],{"class":70},[52,96846,151],{"class":66},[52,96848,96849],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96850,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,96852,96853,96855,96857,96859],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,96854,142],{"class":141},[52,96856,145],{"class":66},[52,96858,36282],{"class":124},[52,96860,151],{"class":66},[20,96862,222,96863,96797,96865,96868],{},[15,96864,2263],{},[33,96866,96867],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[43,96870,96872],{"className":45,"code":96871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96873,96874,96898,96932,96936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96875,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96877,36229],{"class":58},[52,96879,63],{"class":62},[52,96881,67],{"class":66},[52,96883,71],{"class":70},[52,96885,257],{"class":74},[52,96887,71],{"class":70},[52,96889,91],{"class":66},[52,96891,83],{"class":70},[52,96893,345],{"class":74},[52,96895,71],{"class":70},[52,96897,107],{"class":66},[52,96899,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,96901,36282],{"class":58},[52,96903,121],{"class":66},[52,96905,30598],{"class":124},[52,96907,3336],{"class":66},[52,96909,71],{"class":70},[52,96911,10087],{"class":74},[52,96913,71],{"class":70},[52,96915,91],{"class":66},[52,96917,83],{"class":70},[52,96919,18896],{"class":74},[52,96921,71],{"class":70},[52,96923,91],{"class":66},[52,96925,83],{"class":70},[52,96927,60597],{"class":74},[52,96929,71],{"class":70},[52,96931,913],{"class":66},[52,96933,96934],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96935,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,96937,96938,96940,96942,96944],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,96939,142],{"class":141},[52,96941,145],{"class":66},[52,96943,36282],{"class":124},[52,96945,151],{"class":66},[1335,96947,96949],{"id":96948},"key-difference","Key difference",[234,96951,96952,96957],{},[237,96953,96954,96956],{},[15,96955,96357],{}," adds one item",[237,96958,96959,96961],{},[15,96960,2263],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96963,96964,96965,121],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[257,96966,96968,96969,2264],{"href":96967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96970,2263],{},[38,96972,17546],{"id":17545},[20,96974,96975,2746,96977,121],{},[15,96976,96362],{},[15,96978,4133],{},[20,96980,96981,96982,96984],{},"That means you should ",[33,96983,1332],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1335,96986,96988],{"id":96987},"correct","Correct",[43,96990,96992],{"className":45,"code":96991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96993,96994,97014,97028,97032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96995,96996,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96997,15754],{"class":58},[52,96999,63],{"class":62},[52,97001,67],{"class":66},[52,97003,3339],{"class":103},[52,97005,91],{"class":66},[52,97007,1378],{"class":103},[52,97009,91],{"class":66},[52,97011,2801],{"class":103},[52,97013,107],{"class":66},[52,97015,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024,97026],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97017,15792],{"class":58},[52,97019,121],{"class":66},[52,97021,82257],{"class":124},[52,97023,145],{"class":66},[52,97025,2855],{"class":103},[52,97027,151],{"class":66},[52,97029,97030],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97033,97034,97036,97038,97040],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97035,142],{"class":141},[52,97037,145],{"class":66},[52,97039,15792],{"class":124},[52,97041,151],{"class":66},[1335,97043,97044],{"id":61919},"Wrong",[43,97046,97048],{"className":45,"code":97047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97049,97050,97070,97089,97093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97053,15754],{"class":58},[52,97055,63],{"class":62},[52,97057,67],{"class":66},[52,97059,3339],{"class":103},[52,97061,91],{"class":66},[52,97063,1378],{"class":103},[52,97065,91],{"class":66},[52,97067,2801],{"class":103},[52,97069,107],{"class":66},[52,97071,97072,97074,97076,97079,97081,97083,97085,97087],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97073,15754],{"class":58},[52,97075,63],{"class":62},[52,97077,97078],{"class":58}," my_set",[52,97080,121],{"class":66},[52,97082,82257],{"class":124},[52,97084,145],{"class":66},[52,97086,2855],{"class":103},[52,97088,151],{"class":66},[52,97090,97091],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97092,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97094,97095,97097,97099,97101],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97096,142],{"class":141},[52,97098,145],{"class":66},[52,97100,15792],{"class":124},[52,97102,151],{"class":66},[20,97104,97105],{},[33,97106,173],{},[43,97108,97109],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97110,97111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97112,97113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97114,12141],{"class":218},[20,97116,97117],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[38,97119,97121],{"id":97120},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97123,97124],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[234,97126,97127,97129,97131,97133],{},[237,97128,56610],{},[237,97130,56613],{},[237,97132,96537],{},[237,97134,40737],{},[20,97136,309],{},[43,97138,97140],{"className":45,"code":97139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97141,97142,97152,97156,97170,97188,97206,97220,97224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97143,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97145,8133],{"class":58},[52,97147,63],{"class":62},[52,97149,15759],{"class":3251},[52,97151,128],{"class":66},[52,97153,97154],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97155,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97159,8163],{"class":58},[52,97161,121],{"class":66},[52,97163,82257],{"class":124},[52,97165,145],{"class":66},[52,97167,2679],{"class":103},[52,97169,151],{"class":66},[52,97171,97172,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97173,8163],{"class":58},[52,97175,121],{"class":66},[52,97177,82257],{"class":124},[52,97179,145],{"class":66},[52,97181,71],{"class":70},[52,97183,4201],{"class":74},[52,97185,71],{"class":70},[52,97187,151],{"class":66},[52,97189,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,97191,8163],{"class":58},[52,97193,121],{"class":66},[52,97195,82257],{"class":124},[52,97197,5864],{"class":66},[52,97199,3339],{"class":103},[52,97201,91],{"class":66},[52,97203,1378],{"class":103},[52,97205,2120],{"class":66},[52,97207,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,97209,8163],{"class":58},[52,97211,121],{"class":66},[52,97213,82257],{"class":124},[52,97215,145],{"class":66},[52,97217,1048],{"class":218},[52,97219,151],{"class":66},[52,97221,97222],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,97223,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97225,97226,97228,97230,97232],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,97227,142],{"class":141},[52,97229,145],{"class":66},[52,97231,8163],{"class":124},[52,97233,151],{"class":66},[20,97235,97236],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[234,97238,97239,97242,97245],{},[237,97240,97241],{},"Lists",[237,97243,97244],{},"Dictionaries",[237,97246,97247],{},"Sets",[20,97249,97250],{},"Example that causes an error:",[43,97252,97254],{"className":45,"code":97253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97255,97256,97276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97257,97258,97260,97262,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97259,8133],{"class":58},[52,97261,63],{"class":62},[52,97263,67],{"class":66},[52,97265,3339],{"class":103},[52,97267,91],{"class":66},[52,97269,1378],{"class":103},[52,97271,91],{"class":66},[52,97273,2801],{"class":103},[52,97275,107],{"class":66},[52,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97279,8163],{"class":58},[52,97281,121],{"class":66},[52,97283,82257],{"class":124},[52,97285,3336],{"class":66},[52,97287,2855],{"class":103},[52,97289,91],{"class":66},[52,97291,4959],{"class":103},[52,97293,913],{"class":66},[20,97295,97296],{},[33,97297,29814],{},[43,97299,97301],{"className":45,"code":97300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97302,97303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97304,97305,97307,97309,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97306,3355],{"class":3251},[52,97308,80],{"class":66},[52,97310,97311],{"class":58}," unhashable ",[52,97313,3573],{"class":3251},[52,97315,80],{"class":66},[52,97317,195],{"class":70},[52,97319,8448],{"class":74},[52,97321,29833],{"class":70},[20,97323,97324],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97326,97327,97328,121],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97329,97330],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[38,97332,2022],{"id":2021},[20,97334,2025,97335,80],{},[15,97336,96362],{},[234,97338,97339,97344,97349,97352,97359],{},[237,97340,1326,97341,97343],{},[15,97342,96357],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[237,97345,8807,97346,97348],{},[15,97347,96357],{}," to return the updated set",[237,97350,97351],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[237,97353,37344,97354,97356,97357],{},[15,97355,96362],{}," with list ",[15,97358,52800],{},[237,97360,97361],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97363,71657],{},[43,97365,97367],{"className":45,"code":97366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97368,97369,97379,97393,97403,97417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97370,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97372,142],{"class":141},[52,97374,145],{"class":66},[52,97376,15792],{"class":124},[52,97378,151],{"class":66},[52,97380,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97382,142],{"class":141},[52,97384,145],{"class":66},[52,97386,3573],{"class":3251},[52,97388,145],{"class":66},[52,97390,15792],{"class":124},[52,97392,2120],{"class":66},[52,97394,97395,97397,97399,97401],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97396,142],{"class":141},[52,97398,145],{"class":66},[52,97400,2823],{"class":124},[52,97402,151],{"class":66},[52,97404,97405,97407,97409,97411,97413,97415],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97406,142],{"class":141},[52,97408,145],{"class":66},[52,97410,3573],{"class":3251},[52,97412,145],{"class":66},[52,97414,2823],{"class":124},[52,97416,2120],{"class":66},[52,97418,97419,97421,97423,97425,97427,97429],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,97420,32287],{"class":141},[52,97422,145],{"class":66},[52,97424,6641],{"class":3251},[52,97426,121],{"class":66},[52,97428,82257],{"class":24881},[52,97430,151],{"class":66},[20,97432,97433,97434,97436,97437,121],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97435,96362],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[257,97438,53197],{"href":97439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[38,97441,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,97443,2195,97445,97447],{"id":97444},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97446,96362],{}," return a new set?",[20,97449,97450,97451,121],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97452,4133],{},[1335,97454,97456],{"id":97455},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97458,97459],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1335,97461,97463],{"id":97462},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97465,222,97466,2034,97469,121],{},[15,97467,97468],{},"set.update()",[15,97470,96357],{},[1335,97472,97474],{"id":97473},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97476,97477,97478,121],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97479,3355],{},[38,97481,2240],{"id":2239},[234,97483,97484,97488,97493],{},[237,97485,97486],{},[257,97487,96482],{"href":96481},[237,97489,97490],{},[257,97491,97492],{"href":96485},"How to create a set in Python",[237,97494,97495],{},[257,97496,96968,97497,2264],{"href":96967},[15,97498,2263],{},[20,97500,97501,97502,97504],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97503,96357],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2278,97506,97507],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":97509},[97510,97511,97513,97514,97515,97516,97520,97524,97525,97526,97533],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":96454,"depth":110,"text":97512},"What set.add() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":96697,"depth":110,"text":96698},{"id":96788,"depth":110,"text":97517,"children":97518},"add() vs update()",[97519],{"id":96948,"depth":131,"text":96949},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546,"children":97521},[97522,97523],{"id":96987,"depth":131,"text":96988},{"id":61919,"depth":131,"text":97044},{"id":97120,"depth":110,"text":97121},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":97527},[97528,97530,97531,97532],{"id":97444,"depth":131,"text":97529},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97455,"depth":131,"text":97456},{"id":97462,"depth":131,"text":97463},{"id":97473,"depth":131,"text":97474},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96348,"description":97534},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97541,"title":97542,"body":97543,"description":98712,"extension":2310,"meta":98713,"navigation":134,"path":98714,"seo":98715,"stem":98716,"__hash__":98717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97544,"toc":98679},[97545,97550,97556,97563,97608,97610,97621,97626,97631,97635,97649,97654,97656,97658,97673,97675,97689,97691,97693,97758,97760,97770,97772,97790,97796,97803,97808,97882,97884,97901,97907,97912,97983,97985,98012,98029,98032,98038,98040,98047,98051,98118,98120,98135,98138,98191,98193,98201,98213,98215,98219,98224,98226,98275,98277,98285,98287,98332,98334,98344,98350,98358,98371,98377,98379,98408,98410,98428,98432,98435,98466,98468,98486,98490,98565,98567,98583,98590,98592,98597,98602,98608,98611,98615,98623,98630,98638,98640,98676],[10,97546,96354,97548,18],{"id":97547},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97549,2271],{},[20,97551,97552,97555],{},[15,97553,97554],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97557,97558,97559,97562],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[33,97560,97561],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[43,97564,97566],{"className":45,"code":97565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97567,97568,97588,97598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97569,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97571,3971],{"class":58},[52,97573,63],{"class":62},[52,97575,67],{"class":66},[52,97577,3339],{"class":103},[52,97579,91],{"class":66},[52,97581,1378],{"class":103},[52,97583,91],{"class":66},[52,97585,2801],{"class":103},[52,97587,107],{"class":66},[52,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97591,4001],{"class":58},[52,97593,121],{"class":66},[52,97595,11722],{"class":124},[52,97597,128],{"class":66},[52,97599,97600,97602,97604,97606],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97601,142],{"class":141},[52,97603,145],{"class":66},[52,97605,4001],{"class":124},[52,97607,151],{"class":66},[20,97609,173],{},[43,97611,97613],{"className":45,"code":97612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n",[15,97614,97615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97616,97617,97619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97618,6641],{"class":3251},[52,97620,128],{"class":66},[20,97622,97623,97625],{},[15,97624,2271],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[38,97627,4031,97629,4034],{"id":97628},"what-setclear-does",[15,97630,97554],{},[20,97632,2327,97633,11752],{},[15,97634,2271],{},[234,97636,97637,97640,97642,97646],{},[237,97638,97639],{},"Removes every item from a set",[237,97641,96469],{},[237,97643,11763,97644],{},[15,97645,4133],{},[237,97647,97648],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97650,96478,97651,71756],{},[257,97652,96482],{"href":97653},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[38,97655,269],{"id":268},[20,97657,54595],{},[43,97659,97661],{"className":45,"code":97660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97662,97663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97664,97665,97667,97669,97671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97666,15792],{"class":58},[52,97668,121],{"class":66},[52,97670,11722],{"class":124},[52,97672,128],{"class":66},[20,97674,293],{},[234,97676,97677,97680,97683,97686],{},[237,97678,97679],{},"It takes no arguments",[237,97681,97682],{},"It empties the set",[237,97684,97685],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[237,97687,97688],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[38,97690,438],{"id":437},[20,97692,11815],{},[43,97694,97696],{"className":45,"code":97695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97697,97698,97730,97734,97744,97748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97699,97700,97702,97704,97706,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726,97728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97701,319],{"class":58},[52,97703,63],{"class":62},[52,97705,67],{"class":66},[52,97707,71],{"class":70},[52,97709,336],{"class":74},[52,97711,71],{"class":70},[52,97713,91],{"class":66},[52,97715,83],{"class":70},[52,97717,17583],{"class":74},[52,97719,71],{"class":70},[52,97721,91],{"class":66},[52,97723,83],{"class":70},[52,97725,354],{"class":74},[52,97727,71],{"class":70},[52,97729,107],{"class":66},[52,97731,97732],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97733,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97735,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97737,17630],{"class":58},[52,97739,121],{"class":66},[52,97741,11722],{"class":124},[52,97743,128],{"class":66},[52,97745,97746],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97747,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97749,97750,97752,97754,97756],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,97751,142],{"class":141},[52,97753,145],{"class":66},[52,97755,17630],{"class":124},[52,97757,151],{"class":66},[20,97759,173],{},[43,97761,97762],{"className":45,"code":97612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97763,97764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97765,97766,97768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97767,6641],{"class":3251},[52,97769,128],{"class":66},[20,97771,12017],{},[234,97773,97774,97779,97784],{},[237,97775,97776,97778],{},[15,97777,17630],{}," starts with three values",[237,97780,97781,12030],{},[15,97782,97783],{},"colors.clear()",[237,97785,97786,97787,97789],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97788,4152],{},", which means an empty set",[38,97791,97793,97795],{"id":97792},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97794,2271],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97797,97798,2218,97800,97802],{},[15,97799,2271],{},[15,97801,4152],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1335,97804,1326,97806],{"id":97805},"using-clear",[15,97807,2271],{},[43,97809,97811],{"className":45,"code":97810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97812,97813,97833,97843,97847,97857,97861,97871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97814,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829,97831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97816,8133],{"class":58},[52,97818,63],{"class":62},[52,97820,67],{"class":66},[52,97822,3339],{"class":103},[52,97824,91],{"class":66},[52,97826,1378],{"class":103},[52,97828,91],{"class":66},[52,97830,2801],{"class":103},[52,97832,107],{"class":66},[52,97834,97835,97838,97840],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97836,97837],{"class":58},"other_name ",[52,97839,63],{"class":62},[52,97841,97842],{"class":58}," items\n",[52,97844,97845],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97846,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97848,97849,97851,97853,97855],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97850,8163],{"class":58},[52,97852,121],{"class":66},[52,97854,11722],{"class":124},[52,97856,128],{"class":66},[52,97858,97859],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,97860,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97862,97863,97865,97867,97869],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,97864,142],{"class":141},[52,97866,145],{"class":66},[52,97868,8163],{"class":124},[52,97870,151],{"class":66},[52,97872,97873,97875,97877,97880],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,97874,142],{"class":141},[52,97876,145],{"class":66},[52,97878,97879],{"class":124},"other_name",[52,97881,151],{"class":66},[20,97883,173],{},[43,97885,97887],{"className":45,"code":97886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97888,97889,97895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97890,97891,97893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97892,6641],{"class":3251},[52,97894,128],{"class":66},[52,97896,97897,97899],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97898,6641],{"class":3251},[52,97900,128],{"class":66},[20,97902,97903,97904,121],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[33,97905,97906],{},"same set object",[1335,97908,1326,97910],{"id":97909},"using-set",[15,97911,4152],{},[43,97913,97915],{"className":45,"code":97914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97916,97917,97937,97945,97949,97959,97963,97973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97918,97919,97921,97923,97925,97927,97929,97931,97933,97935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97920,8133],{"class":58},[52,97922,63],{"class":62},[52,97924,67],{"class":66},[52,97926,3339],{"class":103},[52,97928,91],{"class":66},[52,97930,1378],{"class":103},[52,97932,91],{"class":66},[52,97934,2801],{"class":103},[52,97936,107],{"class":66},[52,97938,97939,97941,97943],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97940,97837],{"class":58},[52,97942,63],{"class":62},[52,97944,97842],{"class":58},[52,97946,97947],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97948,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97950,97951,97953,97955,97957],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97952,8133],{"class":58},[52,97954,63],{"class":62},[52,97956,15759],{"class":3251},[52,97958,128],{"class":66},[52,97960,97961],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,97962,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,97964,97965,97967,97969,97971],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,97966,142],{"class":141},[52,97968,145],{"class":66},[52,97970,8163],{"class":124},[52,97972,151],{"class":66},[52,97974,97975,97977,97979,97981],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,97976,142],{"class":141},[52,97978,145],{"class":66},[52,97980,97879],{"class":124},[52,97982,151],{"class":66},[20,97984,173],{},[43,97986,97988],{"className":45,"code":97987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97989,97990,97996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97991,97992,97994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97993,6641],{"class":3251},[52,97995,128],{"class":66},[52,97997,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006,98008,98010],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,97999,183],{"class":66},[52,98001,3339],{"class":103},[52,98003,91],{"class":66},[52,98005,1378],{"class":103},[52,98007,91],{"class":66},[52,98009,2801],{"class":103},[52,98011,107],{"class":66},[20,98013,20900,98014,93246,98017,98020,98021,121,98023,98025,98026,98028],{},[15,98015,98016],{},"items = set()",[33,98018,98019],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98022,8163],{},[10194,98024],{},"\nBut ",[15,98027,97879],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98030,98031],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98033,98034,98035,121],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[257,98036,96486],{"href":98037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[38,98039,17546],{"id":17545},[20,98041,98042,1329,98044,98046],{},[15,98043,2271],{},[33,98045,1332],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98048,5501,98049,121],{},[15,98050,4133],{},[43,98052,98054],{"className":45,"code":98053,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98055,98056,98076,98080,98094,98098,98108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98057,98058,98060,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98059,3971],{"class":58},[52,98061,63],{"class":62},[52,98063,67],{"class":66},[52,98065,3339],{"class":103},[52,98067,91],{"class":66},[52,98069,1378],{"class":103},[52,98071,91],{"class":66},[52,98073,2801],{"class":103},[52,98075,107],{"class":66},[52,98077,98078],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98079,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,98081,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98083,2577],{"class":58},[52,98085,63],{"class":62},[52,98087,4617],{"class":58},[52,98089,121],{"class":66},[52,98091,11722],{"class":124},[52,98093,128],{"class":66},[52,98095,98096],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98097,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,98099,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,98101,142],{"class":141},[52,98103,145],{"class":66},[52,98105,2612],{"class":124},[52,98107,151],{"class":66},[52,98109,98110,98112,98114,98116],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,98111,142],{"class":141},[52,98113,145],{"class":66},[52,98115,4001],{"class":124},[52,98117,151],{"class":66},[20,98119,173],{},[43,98121,98123],{"className":45,"code":98122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\nset()\n",[15,98124,98125,98129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98126,98127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98128,12141],{"class":218},[52,98130,98131,98133],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98132,6641],{"class":3251},[52,98134,128],{"class":66},[20,98136,98137],{},"Do not do this:",[43,98139,98141],{"className":45,"code":98140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98142,98143,98163,98177,98181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98144,98145,98147,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98146,3971],{"class":58},[52,98148,63],{"class":62},[52,98150,67],{"class":66},[52,98152,3339],{"class":103},[52,98154,91],{"class":66},[52,98156,1378],{"class":103},[52,98158,91],{"class":66},[52,98160,2801],{"class":103},[52,98162,107],{"class":66},[52,98164,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98166,3971],{"class":58},[52,98168,63],{"class":62},[52,98170,4617],{"class":58},[52,98172,121],{"class":66},[52,98174,11722],{"class":124},[52,98176,128],{"class":66},[52,98178,98179],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98180,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98184,142],{"class":141},[52,98186,145],{"class":66},[52,98188,4001],{"class":124},[52,98190,151],{"class":66},[20,98192,173],{},[43,98194,98195],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98196,98197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98198,98199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98200,12141],{"class":218},[20,98202,22319,98203,2746,98205,98207,98208,98210,98211,121],{},[15,98204,54708],{},[15,98206,4133],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98209,4133],{}," back to ",[15,98212,4001],{},[38,98214,4873],{"id":4872},[20,98216,11091,98217,121],{},[15,98218,97554],{},[1335,98220,12920,98222],{"id":98221},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98223,2271],{},[20,98225,16770],{},[43,98227,98229],{"className":45,"code":98228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98230,98231,98251,98265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98232,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243,98245,98247,98249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98234,15754],{"class":58},[52,98236,63],{"class":62},[52,98238,67],{"class":66},[52,98240,3339],{"class":103},[52,98242,91],{"class":66},[52,98244,1378],{"class":103},[52,98246,91],{"class":66},[52,98248,2801],{"class":103},[52,98250,107],{"class":66},[52,98252,98253,98255,98257,98259,98261,98263],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98254,15754],{"class":58},[52,98256,63],{"class":62},[52,98258,97078],{"class":58},[52,98260,121],{"class":66},[52,98262,11722],{"class":124},[52,98264,128],{"class":66},[52,98266,98267,98269,98271,98273],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98268,142],{"class":141},[52,98270,145],{"class":66},[52,98272,15792],{"class":124},[52,98274,151],{"class":66},[20,98276,173],{},[43,98278,98279],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98280,98281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98282,98283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98284,12141],{"class":218},[20,98286,16782],{},[43,98288,98290],{"className":45,"code":98289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98291,98292,98312,98322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98293,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98295,15754],{"class":58},[52,98297,63],{"class":62},[52,98299,67],{"class":66},[52,98301,3339],{"class":103},[52,98303,91],{"class":66},[52,98305,1378],{"class":103},[52,98307,91],{"class":66},[52,98309,2801],{"class":103},[52,98311,107],{"class":66},[52,98313,98314,98316,98318,98320],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98315,15792],{"class":58},[52,98317,121],{"class":66},[52,98319,11722],{"class":124},[52,98321,128],{"class":66},[52,98323,98324,98326,98328,98330],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98325,142],{"class":141},[52,98327,145],{"class":66},[52,98329,15792],{"class":124},[52,98331,151],{"class":66},[20,98333,173],{},[43,98335,98336],{"className":45,"code":97612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98337,98338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98339,98340,98342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98341,6641],{"class":3251},[52,98343,128],{"class":66},[1335,98345,8807,98347,98349],{"id":98346},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98348,2271],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98351,98352,98354,98355,98357],{},[15,98353,2271],{}," removes ",[33,98356,4070],{}," items from the set.",[20,98359,98360,98361,261,98366,121],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[257,98362,98364],{"href":98363},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98365,55677],{},[257,98367,98369],{"href":98368},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98370,13087],{},[1335,98372,1326,98374,98376],{"id":98373},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98375,4147],{}," for an empty set",[20,98378,25822],{},[43,98380,98382],{"className":45,"code":98381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98383,98384,98393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98385,98386,98389,98391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98387,98388],{"class":58},"empty_value ",[52,98390,63],{"class":62},[52,98392,10186],{"class":66},[52,98394,98395,98397,98399,98401,98403,98406],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98396,142],{"class":141},[52,98398,145],{"class":66},[52,98400,3573],{"class":3251},[52,98402,145],{"class":66},[52,98404,98405],{"class":124},"empty_value",[52,98407,2120],{"class":66},[20,98409,173],{},[43,98411,98412],{"className":45,"code":9163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98413,98414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98415,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98417,3642],{"class":62},[52,98419,3645],{"class":2413},[52,98421,195],{"class":70},[52,98423,9176],{"class":74},[52,98425,186],{"class":70},[52,98427,3654],{"class":62},[20,98429,98430,9143],{},[15,98431,4147],{},[20,98433,98434],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[43,98436,98438],{"className":45,"code":98437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98439,98440,98451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98441,98442,98445,98447,98449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98443,98444],{"class":58},"empty_set ",[52,98446,63],{"class":62},[52,98448,15759],{"class":3251},[52,98450,128],{"class":66},[52,98452,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98464],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98454,142],{"class":141},[52,98456,145],{"class":66},[52,98458,3573],{"class":3251},[52,98460,145],{"class":66},[52,98462,98463],{"class":124},"empty_set",[52,98465,2120],{"class":66},[20,98467,173],{},[43,98469,98470],{"className":45,"code":9207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98471,98472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98473,98474,98476,98478,98480,98482,98484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98475,3642],{"class":62},[52,98477,3645],{"class":2413},[52,98479,195],{"class":70},[52,98481,6641],{"class":74},[52,98483,186],{"class":70},[52,98485,3654],{"class":62},[1335,98487,98489],{"id":98488},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[43,98491,98493],{"className":45,"code":98492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98494,98495,98519,98527,98531,98541,98545,98555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98496,98497,98499,98501,98503,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98498,2905],{"class":58},[52,98500,63],{"class":62},[52,98502,67],{"class":66},[52,98504,71],{"class":70},[52,98506,1357],{"class":74},[52,98508,71],{"class":70},[52,98510,91],{"class":66},[52,98512,83],{"class":70},[52,98514,1371],{"class":74},[52,98516,71],{"class":70},[52,98518,107],{"class":66},[52,98520,98521,98523,98525],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98522,2933],{"class":58},[52,98524,63],{"class":62},[52,98526,36314],{"class":58},[52,98528,98529],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98530,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,98532,98533,98535,98537,98539],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98534,257],{"class":58},[52,98536,121],{"class":66},[52,98538,11722],{"class":124},[52,98540,128],{"class":66},[52,98542,98543],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,98544,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,98548,142],{"class":141},[52,98550,145],{"class":66},[52,98552,257],{"class":124},[52,98554,151],{"class":66},[52,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,98558,142],{"class":141},[52,98560,145],{"class":66},[52,98562,345],{"class":124},[52,98564,151],{"class":66},[20,98566,173],{},[43,98568,98569],{"className":45,"code":97886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98570,98571,98577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98572,98573,98575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98574,6641],{"class":3251},[52,98576,128],{"class":66},[52,98578,98579,98581],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98580,6641],{"class":3251},[52,98582,128],{"class":66},[20,98584,29194,98585,2218,98587,98589],{},[15,98586,257],{},[15,98588,345],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[38,98591,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,98593,5495,98595,5498],{"id":98594},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98596,97554],{},[20,98598,5501,98599,98601],{},[15,98600,4133],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1335,98603,2195,98605,98607],{"id":98604},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98606,2271],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98609,98610],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1335,98612,98614],{"id":98613},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98616,98617,98618,98620,98621,121],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98619,2271],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98622,4152],{},[1335,98624,2215,98626,2218,98628,2221],{"id":98625},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98627,2271],{},[15,98629,4152],{},[20,98631,98632,98634,98635,98637],{},[15,98633,2271],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98636,4152],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[38,98639,2240],{"id":2239},[234,98641,98642,98646,98650,98657,98663,98669],{},[237,98643,98644],{},[257,98645,96482],{"href":97653},[237,98647,98648],{},[257,98649,97492],{"href":98037},[237,98651,98652],{},[257,98653,96968,98655,2264],{"href":98654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98656,96357],{},[237,98658,98659],{},[257,98660,96968,98661,2264],{"href":98363},[15,98662,55677],{},[237,98664,98665],{},[257,98666,96968,98667,2264],{"href":98368},[15,98668,13087],{},[237,98670,98671],{},[257,98672,96968,98674,2264],{"href":98673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98675,2263],{},[2278,98677,98678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":98680},[98681,98683,98684,98685,98692,98693,98702,98711],{"id":97628,"depth":110,"text":98682},"What set.clear() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":97792,"depth":110,"text":98686,"children":98687},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98688,98690],{"id":97805,"depth":131,"text":98689},"Using clear()",{"id":97909,"depth":131,"text":98691},"Using set()",{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":98694},[98695,98697,98699,98701],{"id":98221,"depth":131,"text":98696},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98346,"depth":131,"text":98698},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98373,"depth":131,"text":98700},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98488,"depth":131,"text":98489},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":98703},[98704,98706,98708,98709],{"id":98594,"depth":131,"text":98705},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98604,"depth":131,"text":98707},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98613,"depth":131,"text":98614},{"id":98625,"depth":131,"text":98710},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97542,"description":98712},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98719,"title":98720,"body":98721,"description":100553,"extension":2310,"meta":100554,"navigation":134,"path":96485,"seo":100555,"stem":100556,"__hash__":100557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98722,"toc":100510},[98723,98726,98729,98732,98734,98837,98841,98888,98894,98896,98915,98919,98922,98924,98938,98947,98951,98954,98989,98993,99013,99016,99020,99023,99084,99088,99113,99120,99126,99131,99133,99145,99149,99198,99202,99226,99233,99237,99278,99282,99303,99307,99340,99344,99385,99388,99392,99397,99436,99440,99465,99470,99476,99513,99517,99540,99544,99546,99549,99552,99629,99633,99670,99673,99677,99683,99686,99696,99745,99751,99757,99784,99787,99809,99811,99842,99845,99849,99853,99892,99896,99959,99962,99995,99999,100024,100026,100029,100035,100038,100065,100068,100086,100090,100094,100097,100140,100143,100147,100150,100153,100183,100186,100190,100193,100208,100213,100217,100220,100309,100311,100314,100404,100407,100425,100427,100431,100441,100445,100453,100457,100460,100464,100467,100471,100474,100476,100504,100507],[10,98724,98720],{"id":98725},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98727,98728],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98730,98731],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[38,98733,3961],{"id":3960},[43,98735,98737],{"className":45,"code":98736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98738,98739,98759,98793,98803,98807,98817,98827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98742,3971],{"class":58},[52,98744,63],{"class":62},[52,98746,67],{"class":66},[52,98748,3339],{"class":103},[52,98750,91],{"class":66},[52,98752,1378],{"class":103},[52,98754,91],{"class":66},[52,98756,2801],{"class":103},[52,98758,107],{"class":66},[52,98760,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98762,4423],{"class":58},[52,98764,63],{"class":62},[52,98766,15759],{"class":3251},[52,98768,3336],{"class":66},[52,98770,71],{"class":70},[52,98772,4432],{"class":74},[52,98774,71],{"class":70},[52,98776,91],{"class":66},[52,98778,83],{"class":70},[52,98780,4441],{"class":74},[52,98782,71],{"class":70},[52,98784,91],{"class":66},[52,98786,83],{"class":70},[52,98788,4432],{"class":74},[52,98790,71],{"class":70},[52,98792,913],{"class":66},[52,98794,98795,98797,98799,98801],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98796,98444],{"class":58},[52,98798,63],{"class":62},[52,98800,15759],{"class":3251},[52,98802,128],{"class":66},[52,98804,98805],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98806,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,98808,98809,98811,98813,98815],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,98810,142],{"class":141},[52,98812,145],{"class":66},[52,98814,4001],{"class":124},[52,98816,151],{"class":66},[52,98818,98819,98821,98823,98825],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,98820,142],{"class":141},[52,98822,145],{"class":66},[52,98824,4467],{"class":124},[52,98826,151],{"class":66},[52,98828,98829,98831,98833,98835],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,98830,142],{"class":141},[52,98832,145],{"class":66},[52,98834,98463],{"class":124},[52,98836,151],{"class":66},[20,98838,98839],{},[33,98840,173],{},[43,98842,98844],{"className":45,"code":98843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98845,98846,98862,98882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98847,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98849,183],{"class":66},[52,98851,3339],{"class":103},[52,98853,91],{"class":66},[52,98855,1378],{"class":103},[52,98857,91],{"class":66},[52,98859,2801],{"class":103},[52,98861,107],{"class":66},[52,98863,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98865,183],{"class":66},[52,98867,186],{"class":70},[52,98869,4441],{"class":74},[52,98871,186],{"class":70},[52,98873,91],{"class":66},[52,98875,195],{"class":70},[52,98877,4432],{"class":74},[52,98879,186],{"class":70},[52,98881,107],{"class":66},[52,98883,98884,98886],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98885,6641],{"class":3251},[52,98887,128],{"class":66},[20,98889,98890,98891,98893],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98892,4152],{}," for an empty set.",[38,98895,15288],{"id":15287},[234,98897,98898,98901,98906,98909,98912],{},[237,98899,98900],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[237,98902,98903,98904],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98905,4152],{},[237,98907,98908],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[237,98910,98911],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[237,98913,98914],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[38,98916,98918],{"id":98917},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98920,98921],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98923,30674],{},[234,98925,98926,98929,98932,98935],{},[237,98927,98928],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[237,98930,98931],{},"Sets are unordered",[237,98933,98934],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[237,98936,98937],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98939,98940,98941,261,98943,121],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[257,98942,96482],{"href":97653},[257,98944,98946],{"href":98945},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[38,98948,98950],{"id":98949},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98952,98953],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[43,98955,98957],{"className":45,"code":98956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98958,98959,98979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98960,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98962,3971],{"class":58},[52,98964,63],{"class":62},[52,98966,67],{"class":66},[52,98968,3339],{"class":103},[52,98970,91],{"class":66},[52,98972,1378],{"class":103},[52,98974,91],{"class":66},[52,98976,2801],{"class":103},[52,98978,107],{"class":66},[52,98980,98981,98983,98985,98987],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,98982,142],{"class":141},[52,98984,145],{"class":66},[52,98986,4001],{"class":124},[52,98988,151],{"class":66},[20,98990,98991],{},[33,98992,30163],{},[43,98994,98995],{"className":45,"code":96761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98996,98997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98998,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99000,183],{"class":66},[52,99002,3339],{"class":103},[52,99004,91],{"class":66},[52,99006,1378],{"class":103},[52,99008,91],{"class":66},[52,99010,2801],{"class":103},[52,99012,107],{"class":66},[20,99014,99015],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1335,99017,99019],{"id":99018},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99021,99022],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[43,99024,99026],{"className":45,"code":99025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99027,99028,99060,99070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99029,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99031,3971],{"class":58},[52,99033,63],{"class":62},[52,99035,67],{"class":66},[52,99037,3339],{"class":103},[52,99039,91],{"class":66},[52,99041,1378],{"class":103},[52,99043,91],{"class":66},[52,99045,1378],{"class":103},[52,99047,91],{"class":66},[52,99049,2801],{"class":103},[52,99051,91],{"class":66},[52,99053,2801],{"class":103},[52,99055,91],{"class":66},[52,99057,2801],{"class":103},[52,99059,107],{"class":66},[52,99061,99062,99064,99066,99068],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99063,142],{"class":141},[52,99065,145],{"class":66},[52,99067,4001],{"class":124},[52,99069,151],{"class":66},[52,99071,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99073,142],{"class":141},[52,99075,145],{"class":66},[52,99077,11505],{"class":141},[52,99079,145],{"class":66},[52,99081,4001],{"class":124},[52,99083,2120],{"class":66},[20,99085,99086],{},[33,99087,30163],{},[43,99089,99091],{"className":45,"code":99090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99092,99093,99109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99094,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99096,183],{"class":66},[52,99098,3339],{"class":103},[52,99100,91],{"class":66},[52,99102,1378],{"class":103},[52,99104,91],{"class":66},[52,99106,2801],{"class":103},[52,99108,107],{"class":66},[52,99110,99111],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99112,46762],{"class":103},[20,99114,21107,99115,2218,99117,99119],{},[15,99116,2404],{},[15,99118,2410],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[38,99121,99123,99124],{"id":99122},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99125,4152],{},[20,99127,222,99128,99130],{},[15,99129,4152],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99132,5811],{},[234,99134,99135,99137,99139,99141],{},[237,99136,97241],{},[237,99138,96537],{},[237,99140,56613],{},[237,99142,99143],{},[15,99144,36337],{},[1335,99146,99148],{"id":99147},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[43,99150,99152],{"className":45,"code":99151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99153,99154,99188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99155,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99157,3971],{"class":58},[52,99159,63],{"class":62},[52,99161,15759],{"class":3251},[52,99163,3336],{"class":66},[52,99165,3339],{"class":103},[52,99167,91],{"class":66},[52,99169,1378],{"class":103},[52,99171,91],{"class":66},[52,99173,1378],{"class":103},[52,99175,91],{"class":66},[52,99177,2801],{"class":103},[52,99179,91],{"class":66},[52,99181,2801],{"class":103},[52,99183,91],{"class":66},[52,99185,2807],{"class":103},[52,99187,913],{"class":66},[52,99189,99190,99192,99194,99196],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99191,142],{"class":141},[52,99193,145],{"class":66},[52,99195,4001],{"class":124},[52,99197,151],{"class":66},[20,99199,99200],{},[33,99201,30163],{},[43,99203,99204],{"className":45,"code":96424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99205,99206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99207,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99209,183],{"class":66},[52,99211,3339],{"class":103},[52,99213,91],{"class":66},[52,99215,1378],{"class":103},[52,99217,91],{"class":66},[52,99219,2801],{"class":103},[52,99221,91],{"class":66},[52,99223,2807],{"class":103},[52,99225,107],{"class":66},[20,99227,99228,99229,121],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[257,99230,99232],{"href":99231},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1335,99234,99236],{"id":99235},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[43,99238,99240],{"className":45,"code":99239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99241,99242,99268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99243,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99245,4178],{"class":58},[52,99247,63],{"class":62},[52,99249,15759],{"class":3251},[52,99251,5864],{"class":66},[52,99253,2679],{"class":103},[52,99255,91],{"class":66},[52,99257,104],{"class":103},[52,99259,91],{"class":66},[52,99261,104],{"class":103},[52,99263,91],{"class":66},[52,99265,8148],{"class":103},[52,99267,2120],{"class":66},[52,99269,99270,99272,99274,99276],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99271,142],{"class":141},[52,99273,145],{"class":66},[52,99275,5712],{"class":124},[52,99277,151],{"class":66},[20,99279,99280],{},[33,99281,30163],{},[43,99283,99285],{"className":45,"code":99284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99286,99287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99288,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99290,183],{"class":66},[52,99292,2679],{"class":103},[52,99294,91],{"class":66},[52,99296,104],{"class":103},[52,99298,91],{"class":66},[52,99300,8148],{"class":103},[52,99302,107],{"class":66},[1335,99304,99306],{"id":99305},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[43,99308,99310],{"className":45,"code":99309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99311,99312,99330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99313,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99315,36229],{"class":58},[52,99317,63],{"class":62},[52,99319,15759],{"class":3251},[52,99321,145],{"class":66},[52,99323,71],{"class":70},[52,99325,4201],{"class":74},[52,99327,71],{"class":70},[52,99329,151],{"class":66},[52,99331,99332,99334,99336,99338],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99333,142],{"class":141},[52,99335,145],{"class":66},[52,99337,36282],{"class":124},[52,99339,151],{"class":66},[20,99341,99342],{},[33,99343,30163],{},[43,99345,99347],{"className":45,"code":99346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99348,99349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99350,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99352,183],{"class":66},[52,99354,186],{"class":70},[52,99356,60588],{"class":74},[52,99358,186],{"class":70},[52,99360,91],{"class":66},[52,99362,195],{"class":70},[52,99364,60597],{"class":74},[52,99366,186],{"class":70},[52,99368,91],{"class":66},[52,99370,195],{"class":70},[52,99372,60606],{"class":74},[52,99374,186],{"class":70},[52,99376,91],{"class":66},[52,99378,195],{"class":70},[52,99380,60623],{"class":74},[52,99382,186],{"class":70},[52,99384,107],{"class":66},[20,99386,99387],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[38,99389,99391],{"id":99390},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99393,99394,99395,121],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99396,4152],{},[43,99398,99400],{"className":45,"code":99399,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99401,99402,99412,99422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99403,99404,99406,99408,99410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99405,98444],{"class":58},[52,99407,63],{"class":62},[52,99409,15759],{"class":3251},[52,99411,128],{"class":66},[52,99413,99414,99416,99418,99420],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99415,142],{"class":141},[52,99417,145],{"class":66},[52,99419,98463],{"class":124},[52,99421,151],{"class":66},[52,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99425,142],{"class":141},[52,99427,145],{"class":66},[52,99429,3573],{"class":3251},[52,99431,145],{"class":66},[52,99433,98463],{"class":124},[52,99435,2120],{"class":66},[20,99437,99438],{},[33,99439,173],{},[43,99441,99443],{"className":45,"code":99442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99444,99445,99451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99446,99447,99449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99448,6641],{"class":3251},[52,99450,128],{"class":66},[52,99452,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461,99463],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99454,3642],{"class":62},[52,99456,3645],{"class":2413},[52,99458,195],{"class":70},[52,99460,6641],{"class":74},[52,99462,186],{"class":70},[52,99464,3654],{"class":62},[1335,99466,44573,99468],{"id":99467},"do-not-use",[15,99469,4147],{},[20,99471,99472,99473,99475],{},"Empty braces do ",[33,99474,1332],{}," create a set.",[43,99477,99479],{"className":45,"code":99478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99480,99481,99489,99499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99482,99483,99485,99487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99484,98388],{"class":58},[52,99486,63],{"class":62},[52,99488,10186],{"class":66},[52,99490,99491,99493,99495,99497],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99492,142],{"class":141},[52,99494,145],{"class":66},[52,99496,98405],{"class":124},[52,99498,151],{"class":66},[52,99500,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99502,142],{"class":141},[52,99504,145],{"class":66},[52,99506,3573],{"class":3251},[52,99508,145],{"class":66},[52,99510,98405],{"class":124},[52,99512,2120],{"class":66},[20,99514,99515],{},[33,99516,173],{},[43,99518,99520],{"className":45,"code":99519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99521,99522,99526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99523,99524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99525,9782],{"class":66},[52,99527,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99529,3642],{"class":62},[52,99531,3645],{"class":2413},[52,99533,195],{"class":70},[52,99535,9176],{"class":74},[52,99537,186],{"class":70},[52,99539,3654],{"class":62},[20,99541,99542,9143],{},[15,99543,4147],{},[38,99545,72420],{"id":72419},[20,99547,99548],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99550,99551],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[43,99553,99555],{"className":45,"code":99554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99556,99557,99605,99615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99558,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99560,4423],{"class":58},[52,99562,63],{"class":62},[52,99564,67],{"class":66},[52,99566,71],{"class":70},[52,99568,4432],{"class":74},[52,99570,71],{"class":70},[52,99572,91],{"class":66},[52,99574,83],{"class":70},[52,99576,4441],{"class":74},[52,99578,71],{"class":70},[52,99580,91],{"class":66},[52,99582,83],{"class":70},[52,99584,4432],{"class":74},[52,99586,71],{"class":70},[52,99588,91],{"class":66},[52,99590,83],{"class":70},[52,99592,4432],{"class":74},[52,99594,71],{"class":70},[52,99596,91],{"class":66},[52,99598,83],{"class":70},[52,99600,33356],{"class":74},[52,99602,71],{"class":70},[52,99604,107],{"class":66},[52,99606,99607,99609,99611,99613],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99608,142],{"class":141},[52,99610,145],{"class":66},[52,99612,4467],{"class":124},[52,99614,151],{"class":66},[52,99616,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99618,142],{"class":141},[52,99620,145],{"class":66},[52,99622,11505],{"class":141},[52,99624,145],{"class":66},[52,99626,4467],{"class":124},[52,99628,2120],{"class":66},[20,99630,99631],{},[33,99632,30163],{},[43,99634,99636],{"className":45,"code":99635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99637,99638,99666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99639,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99641,183],{"class":66},[52,99643,186],{"class":70},[52,99645,4441],{"class":74},[52,99647,186],{"class":70},[52,99649,91],{"class":66},[52,99651,195],{"class":70},[52,99653,33356],{"class":74},[52,99655,186],{"class":70},[52,99657,91],{"class":66},[52,99659,195],{"class":70},[52,99661,4432],{"class":74},[52,99663,186],{"class":70},[52,99665,107],{"class":66},[52,99667,99668],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99669,46762],{"class":103},[20,99671,99672],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[38,99674,99676],{"id":99675},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99678,99679,99680,99682],{},"Set items must be ",[33,99681,96525],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99684,99685],{},"These usually work:",[234,99687,99688,99690,99692,99694],{},[237,99689,56610],{},[237,99691,56613],{},[237,99693,96537],{},[237,99695,40737],{},[43,99697,99699],{"className":45,"code":99698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99700,99701,99735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99702,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99704,4178],{"class":58},[52,99706,63],{"class":62},[52,99708,67],{"class":66},[52,99710,3339],{"class":103},[52,99712,91],{"class":66},[52,99714,83],{"class":70},[52,99716,4432],{"class":74},[52,99718,71],{"class":70},[52,99720,91],{"class":66},[52,99722,9588],{"class":66},[52,99724,2679],{"class":103},[52,99726,91],{"class":66},[52,99728,104],{"class":103},[52,99730,2110],{"class":66},[52,99732,4270],{"class":218},[52,99734,107],{"class":66},[52,99736,99737,99739,99741,99743],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99738,142],{"class":141},[52,99740,145],{"class":66},[52,99742,5712],{"class":124},[52,99744,151],{"class":66},[20,99746,99747,99748,99750],{},"These do ",[33,99749,1332],{}," work directly:",[234,99752,99753,99755],{},[237,99754,97241],{},[237,99756,97244],{},[43,99758,99760],{"className":45,"code":99759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99761,99762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99763,99764,99767,99769,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99765,99766],{"class":58},"bad_set ",[52,99768,63],{"class":62},[52,99770,99771],{"class":66}," {[",[52,99773,3339],{"class":103},[52,99775,91],{"class":66},[52,99777,1378],{"class":103},[52,99779,91],{"class":66},[52,99781,2801],{"class":103},[52,99783,970],{"class":66},[20,99785,99786],{},"This raises an error:",[43,99788,99789],{"className":45,"code":97300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99790,99791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99792,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99794,3355],{"class":3251},[52,99796,80],{"class":66},[52,99798,97311],{"class":58},[52,99800,3573],{"class":3251},[52,99802,80],{"class":66},[52,99804,195],{"class":70},[52,99806,8448],{"class":74},[52,99808,29833],{"class":70},[20,99810,52227],{},[43,99812,99814],{"className":45,"code":99813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99815,99816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99817,99818,99820,99822,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99819,99766],{"class":58},[52,99821,63],{"class":62},[52,99823,99824],{"class":66}," {{",[52,99826,71],{"class":70},[52,99828,75],{"class":74},[52,99830,71],{"class":70},[52,99832,80],{"class":66},[52,99834,83],{"class":70},[52,99836,8030],{"class":74},[52,99838,71],{"class":70},[52,99840,99841],{"class":66},"}}\n",[20,99843,99844],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,99846,99848],{"id":99847},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1335,99850,99852],{"id":99851},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[43,99854,99856],{"className":45,"code":99855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99857,99858,99882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99859,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99861,3971],{"class":58},[52,99863,63],{"class":62},[52,99865,67],{"class":66},[52,99867,3339],{"class":103},[52,99869,91],{"class":66},[52,99871,1378],{"class":103},[52,99873,91],{"class":66},[52,99875,2801],{"class":103},[52,99877,91],{"class":66},[52,99879,2807],{"class":103},[52,99881,107],{"class":66},[52,99883,99884,99886,99888,99890],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99885,142],{"class":141},[52,99887,145],{"class":66},[52,99889,4001],{"class":124},[52,99891,151],{"class":66},[1335,99893,99895],{"id":99894},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[43,99897,99899],{"className":45,"code":99898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99900,99901,99929,99944,99948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99902,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99904,8133],{"class":58},[52,99906,63],{"class":62},[52,99908,755],{"class":66},[52,99910,3339],{"class":103},[52,99912,91],{"class":66},[52,99914,1364],{"class":103},[52,99916,91],{"class":66},[52,99918,1378],{"class":103},[52,99920,91],{"class":66},[52,99922,2801],{"class":103},[52,99924,91],{"class":66},[52,99926,2801],{"class":103},[52,99928,766],{"class":66},[52,99930,99931,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99932,99933],{"class":58},"unique_items ",[52,99935,63],{"class":62},[52,99937,15759],{"class":3251},[52,99939,145],{"class":66},[52,99941,8163],{"class":124},[52,99943,151],{"class":66},[52,99945,99946],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99947,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,99949,99950,99952,99954,99957],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,99951,142],{"class":141},[52,99953,145],{"class":66},[52,99955,99956],{"class":124},"unique_items",[52,99958,151],{"class":66},[1335,99960,99306],{"id":99961},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[43,99963,99965],{"className":45,"code":99964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99966,99967,99985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99968,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99970,36229],{"class":58},[52,99972,63],{"class":62},[52,99974,15759],{"class":3251},[52,99976,145],{"class":66},[52,99978,71],{"class":70},[52,99980,4441],{"class":74},[52,99982,71],{"class":70},[52,99984,151],{"class":66},[52,99986,99987,99989,99991,99993],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,99988,142],{"class":141},[52,99990,145],{"class":66},[52,99992,36282],{"class":124},[52,99994,151],{"class":66},[1335,99996,99998],{"id":99997},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[43,100000,100002],{"className":45,"code":100001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100003,100004,100014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100005,100006,100008,100010,100012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100007,98444],{"class":58},[52,100009,63],{"class":62},[52,100011,15759],{"class":3251},[52,100013,128],{"class":66},[52,100015,100016,100018,100020,100022],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100017,142],{"class":141},[52,100019,145],{"class":66},[52,100021,98463],{"class":124},[52,100023,151],{"class":66},[38,100025,2022],{"id":2021},[20,100027,100028],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1335,100030,1326,100032,100034],{"id":100031},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100033,4147],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100036,100037],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[43,100039,100041],{"className":45,"code":100040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100042,100043,100051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100044,100045,100047,100049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100046,2796],{"class":58},[52,100048,63],{"class":62},[52,100050,10186],{"class":66},[52,100052,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100054,142],{"class":141},[52,100056,145],{"class":66},[52,100058,3573],{"class":3251},[52,100060,145],{"class":66},[52,100062,2823],{"class":124},[52,100064,2120],{"class":66},[20,100066,100067],{},"This prints:",[43,100069,100070],{"className":45,"code":9163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100071,100072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100073,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100075,3642],{"class":62},[52,100077,3645],{"class":2413},[52,100079,195],{"class":70},[52,100081,9176],{"class":74},[52,100083,186],{"class":70},[52,100085,3654],{"class":62},[20,100087,222,100088,6983],{},[15,100089,4152],{},[1335,100091,100093],{"id":100092},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100095,100096],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[43,100098,100100],{"className":45,"code":100099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100101,100102,100130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100103,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100105,3971],{"class":58},[52,100107,63],{"class":62},[52,100109,67],{"class":66},[52,100111,3339],{"class":103},[52,100113,91],{"class":66},[52,100115,1364],{"class":103},[52,100117,91],{"class":66},[52,100119,1378],{"class":103},[52,100121,91],{"class":66},[52,100123,1378],{"class":103},[52,100125,91],{"class":66},[52,100127,2801],{"class":103},[52,100129,107],{"class":66},[52,100131,100132,100134,100136,100138],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100133,142],{"class":141},[52,100135,145],{"class":66},[52,100137,4001],{"class":124},[52,100139,151],{"class":66},[20,100141,100142],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1335,100144,100146],{"id":100145},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100148,100149],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100151,100152],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[43,100154,100156],{"className":45,"code":100155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100157,100158,100178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100159,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174,100176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100161,3971],{"class":58},[52,100163,63],{"class":62},[52,100165,67],{"class":66},[52,100167,2679],{"class":103},[52,100169,91],{"class":66},[52,100171,104],{"class":103},[52,100173,91],{"class":66},[52,100175,8148],{"class":103},[52,100177,107],{"class":66},[52,100179,100180],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100181,100182],{"class":4017},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100184,100185],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1335,100187,100189],{"id":100188},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100191,100192],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[43,100194,100196],{"className":45,"code":100195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100197,100198,100203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100199,100200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100201,100202],{"class":4017},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[52,100204,100205],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100206,100207],{"class":4017},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100209,100210,100211,121],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100212,3355],{},[1335,100214,100216],{"id":100215},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100218,100219],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[43,100221,100223],{"className":45,"code":100222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100224,100225,100245,100277,100281,100295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100226,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100228,15754],{"class":58},[52,100230,63],{"class":62},[52,100232,67],{"class":66},[52,100234,3339],{"class":103},[52,100236,91],{"class":66},[52,100238,1378],{"class":103},[52,100240,91],{"class":66},[52,100242,2801],{"class":103},[52,100244,107],{"class":66},[52,100246,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100248,12058],{"class":58},[52,100250,63],{"class":62},[52,100252,67],{"class":66},[52,100254,71],{"class":70},[52,100256,257],{"class":74},[52,100258,71],{"class":70},[52,100260,80],{"class":66},[52,100262,1364],{"class":103},[52,100264,91],{"class":66},[52,100266,83],{"class":70},[52,100268,345],{"class":74},[52,100270,71],{"class":70},[52,100272,80],{"class":66},[52,100274,1378],{"class":103},[52,100276,107],{"class":66},[52,100278,100279],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100280,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,100282,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100284,142],{"class":141},[52,100286,145],{"class":66},[52,100288,3573],{"class":3251},[52,100290,145],{"class":66},[52,100292,15792],{"class":124},[52,100294,2120],{"class":66},[52,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,100298,142],{"class":141},[52,100300,145],{"class":66},[52,100302,3573],{"class":3251},[52,100304,145],{"class":66},[52,100306,11789],{"class":124},[52,100308,2120],{"class":66},[38,100310,92937],{"id":92936},[20,100312,100313],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[43,100315,100317],{"className":45,"code":100316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100318,100319,100345,100349,100363,100373,100387,100394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100320,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100322,15754],{"class":58},[52,100324,63],{"class":62},[52,100326,15759],{"class":3251},[52,100328,3336],{"class":66},[52,100330,3339],{"class":103},[52,100332,91],{"class":66},[52,100334,1378],{"class":103},[52,100336,91],{"class":66},[52,100338,1378],{"class":103},[52,100340,91],{"class":66},[52,100342,2801],{"class":103},[52,100344,913],{"class":66},[52,100346,100347],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100348,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,100350,100351,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100352,142],{"class":141},[52,100354,145],{"class":66},[52,100356,3573],{"class":3251},[52,100358,145],{"class":66},[52,100360,15792],{"class":124},[52,100362,2120],{"class":66},[52,100364,100365,100367,100369,100371],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100366,142],{"class":141},[52,100368,145],{"class":66},[52,100370,15792],{"class":124},[52,100372,151],{"class":66},[52,100374,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,100376,142],{"class":141},[52,100378,145],{"class":66},[52,100380,11505],{"class":141},[52,100382,145],{"class":66},[52,100384,15792],{"class":124},[52,100386,2120],{"class":66},[52,100388,100389,100391],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,100390,142],{"class":141},[52,100392,100393],{"class":66},"({})\n",[52,100395,100396,100398,100400,100402],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,100397,142],{"class":141},[52,100399,145],{"class":66},[52,100401,6641],{"class":3251},[52,100403,7547],{"class":66},[20,100405,100406],{},"Use these to confirm:",[234,100408,100409,100412,100415,100418],{},[237,100410,100411],{},"The object type",[237,100413,100414],{},"The actual values stored",[237,100416,100417],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[237,100419,100420,100421,2218,100423],{},"The difference between ",[15,100422,4147],{},[15,100424,4152],{},[38,100426,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,100428,100430],{"id":100429},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100432,100433,100434,100437,100438,100440],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100435,100436],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100439,4152],{}," with another iterable.",[1335,100442,100444],{"id":100443},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100446,222,100447,100449,100450,100452],{},[15,100448,4152],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100451,4147],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1335,100454,100456],{"id":100455},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100458,100459],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1335,100461,100463],{"id":100462},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100465,100466],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1335,100468,100470],{"id":100469},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100472,100473],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[38,100475,2240],{"id":2239},[234,100477,100478,100482,100488,100494,100499],{},[237,100479,100480],{},[257,100481,96482],{"href":97653},[237,100483,100484],{},[257,100485,3928,100486,2264],{"href":98654},[15,100487,96362],{},[237,100489,100490],{},[257,100491,3928,100492,2264],{"href":98673},[15,100493,97468],{},[237,100495,100496],{},[257,100497,100498],{"href":99231},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[237,100500,100501],{},[257,100502,100503],{"href":98945},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100505,100506],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2278,100508,100509],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":100511},[100512,100513,100514,100515,100518,100524,100528,100529,100530,100536,100544,100545,100552],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":98917,"depth":110,"text":98918},{"id":98949,"depth":110,"text":98950,"children":100516},[100517],{"id":99018,"depth":131,"text":99019},{"id":99122,"depth":110,"text":100519,"children":100520},"Create a set with set()",[100521,100522,100523],{"id":99147,"depth":131,"text":99148},{"id":99235,"depth":131,"text":99236},{"id":99305,"depth":131,"text":99306},{"id":99390,"depth":110,"text":99391,"children":100525},[100526],{"id":99467,"depth":131,"text":100527},"Do not use {}",{"id":72419,"depth":110,"text":72420},{"id":99675,"depth":110,"text":99676},{"id":99847,"depth":110,"text":99848,"children":100531},[100532,100533,100534,100535],{"id":99851,"depth":131,"text":99852},{"id":99894,"depth":131,"text":99895},{"id":99961,"depth":131,"text":99306},{"id":99997,"depth":131,"text":99998},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":100537},[100538,100540,100541,100542,100543],{"id":100031,"depth":131,"text":100539},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100092,"depth":131,"text":100093},{"id":100145,"depth":131,"text":100146},{"id":100188,"depth":131,"text":100189},{"id":100215,"depth":131,"text":100216},{"id":92936,"depth":110,"text":92937},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":100546},[100547,100548,100549,100550,100551],{"id":100429,"depth":131,"text":100430},{"id":100443,"depth":131,"text":100444},{"id":100455,"depth":131,"text":100456},{"id":100462,"depth":131,"text":100463},{"id":100469,"depth":131,"text":100470},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98720,"description":100553},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100559,"title":100560,"body":100561,"description":102992,"extension":2310,"meta":102993,"navigation":134,"path":102994,"seo":102995,"stem":102996,"__hash__":102997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100562,"toc":102957},[100563,100569,100575,100578,100580,100657,100659,100676,100686,100688,100693,100701,100703,100719,100723,100725,100727,100730,100751,100754,100778,100784,100786,100883,100885,100902,100912,100914,100916,100924,100926,100937,100939,101030,101032,101056,101067,101069,101071,101074,101204,101206,101279,101281,101302,101305,101307,101313,101318,101321,101448,101450,101467,101470,101472,101480,101483,101487,101495,101586,101588,101625,101630,101637,101714,101716,101732,101737,101742,101744,101753,101761,101842,101844,101873,101876,101880,101891,101894,101977,101979,102000,102006,102008,102010,102014,102018,102025,102090,102092,102112,102115,102184,102186,102202,102206,102212,102224,102232,102234,102319,102321,102350,102353,102357,102362,102364,102414,102417,102498,102500,102516,102520,102523,102598,102601,102605,102608,102685,102687,102720,102726,102730,102733,102868,102870,102884,102886,102888,102894,102897,102904,102912,102918,102921,102925,102928,102930,102932,102954],[10,100564,96354,100566,18],{"id":100565},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100567,100568],{},"difference()",[20,100570,100571,100574],{},[15,100572,100573],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100576,100577],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[38,100579,3961],{"id":3960},[43,100581,100583],{"className":45,"code":100582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100584,100585,100609,100629,100647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100586,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100588,2905],{"class":58},[52,100590,63],{"class":62},[52,100592,67],{"class":66},[52,100594,3339],{"class":103},[52,100596,91],{"class":66},[52,100598,1378],{"class":103},[52,100600,91],{"class":66},[52,100602,2801],{"class":103},[52,100604,91],{"class":66},[52,100606,2807],{"class":103},[52,100608,107],{"class":66},[52,100610,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100612,2933],{"class":58},[52,100614,63],{"class":62},[52,100616,67],{"class":66},[52,100618,2410],{"class":103},[52,100620,91],{"class":66},[52,100622,2807],{"class":103},[52,100624,91],{"class":66},[52,100626,4959],{"class":103},[52,100628,107],{"class":66},[52,100630,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100632,2577],{"class":58},[52,100634,63],{"class":62},[52,100636,57036],{"class":58},[52,100638,121],{"class":66},[52,100640,3162],{"class":124},[52,100642,145],{"class":66},[52,100644,345],{"class":124},[52,100646,151],{"class":66},[52,100648,100649,100651,100653,100655],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100650,142],{"class":141},[52,100652,145],{"class":66},[52,100654,2612],{"class":124},[52,100656,151],{"class":66},[20,100658,173],{},[43,100660,100662],{"className":45,"code":100661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100663,100664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100665,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100667,183],{"class":66},[52,100669,3339],{"class":103},[52,100671,91],{"class":66},[52,100673,1378],{"class":103},[52,100675,107],{"class":66},[20,100677,100678,100680,100681,100683,100684,121],{},[15,100679,100568],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100682,257],{}," that are not in ",[15,100685,345],{},[45061,100687],{},[38,100689,4031,100691,4034],{"id":100690},"what-difference-does",[15,100692,100568],{},[20,100694,2327,100695,100697,100698,100700],{},[15,100696,100568],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[33,100699,1332],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100702,293],{},[234,100704,100705,100710,100713,100716],{},[237,100706,100707,100709],{},[15,100708,100568],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[237,100711,100712],{},"It creates a new set",[237,100714,100715],{},"It does not change the original set",[237,100717,100718],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100720,96478,100721,121],{},[257,100722,96482],{"href":97653},[45061,100724],{},[38,100726,269],{"id":268},[20,100728,100729],{},"Use this form:",[43,100731,100733],{"className":45,"code":100732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100734,100735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100736,100737,100740,100742,100744,100746,100749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100738,100739],{"class":58},"set1",[52,100741,121],{"class":66},[52,100743,3162],{"class":124},[52,100745,145],{"class":66},[52,100747,100748],{"class":124},"set2",[52,100750,151],{"class":66},[20,100752,100753],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[43,100755,100757],{"className":45,"code":100756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100758,100759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100760,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100762,100739],{"class":58},[52,100764,121],{"class":66},[52,100766,3162],{"class":124},[52,100768,145],{"class":66},[52,100770,100748],{"class":124},[52,100772,91],{"class":66},[52,100774,100775],{"class":124}," set3",[52,100777,151],{"class":66},[20,100779,100780,100781,100783],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[33,100782,5707],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100785,309],{},[43,100787,100789],{"className":45,"code":100788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100790,100791,100819,100835,100847,100851,100873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100792,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100794,2905],{"class":58},[52,100796,63],{"class":62},[52,100798,67],{"class":66},[52,100800,3339],{"class":103},[52,100802,91],{"class":66},[52,100804,1378],{"class":103},[52,100806,91],{"class":66},[52,100808,2801],{"class":103},[52,100810,91],{"class":66},[52,100812,2807],{"class":103},[52,100814,91],{"class":66},[52,100816,4959],{"class":103},[52,100818,107],{"class":66},[52,100820,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100822,2933],{"class":58},[52,100824,63],{"class":62},[52,100826,67],{"class":66},[52,100828,2404],{"class":103},[52,100830,91],{"class":66},[52,100832,2801],{"class":103},[52,100834,107],{"class":66},[52,100836,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100838,83337],{"class":58},[52,100840,63],{"class":62},[52,100842,67],{"class":66},[52,100844,2484],{"class":103},[52,100846,107],{"class":66},[52,100848,100849],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100850,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,100852,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,100854,2577],{"class":58},[52,100856,63],{"class":62},[52,100858,57036],{"class":58},[52,100860,121],{"class":66},[52,100862,3162],{"class":124},[52,100864,145],{"class":66},[52,100866,345],{"class":124},[52,100868,91],{"class":66},[52,100870,10029],{"class":124},[52,100872,151],{"class":66},[52,100874,100875,100877,100879,100881],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,100876,142],{"class":141},[52,100878,145],{"class":66},[52,100880,2612],{"class":124},[52,100882,151],{"class":66},[20,100884,173],{},[43,100886,100888],{"className":45,"code":100887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100889,100890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100893,183],{"class":66},[52,100895,3339],{"class":103},[52,100897,91],{"class":66},[52,100899,2807],{"class":103},[52,100901,107],{"class":66},[20,100903,100904,100905,100907,100908,261,100910,121],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100906,257],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100909,345],{},[15,100911,10087],{},[45061,100913],{},[38,100915,17546],{"id":17545},[20,100917,100918,100920,100921,121],{},[15,100919,100568],{}," always returns a ",[33,100922,100923],{},"new set",[20,100925,43794],{},[234,100927,100928,100931,100934],{},[237,100929,100930],{},"The return value is a new set",[237,100932,100933],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[237,100935,100936],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100938,309],{},[43,100940,100942],{"className":45,"code":100941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100943,100944,100960,100980,100984,101002,101006,101016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100945,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100947,2905],{"class":58},[52,100949,63],{"class":62},[52,100951,67],{"class":66},[52,100953,3339],{"class":103},[52,100955,91],{"class":66},[52,100957,1378],{"class":103},[52,100959,107],{"class":66},[52,100961,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,100963,2933],{"class":58},[52,100965,63],{"class":62},[52,100967,67],{"class":66},[52,100969,3339],{"class":103},[52,100971,91],{"class":66},[52,100973,1378],{"class":103},[52,100975,91],{"class":66},[52,100977,2801],{"class":103},[52,100979,107],{"class":66},[52,100981,100982],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100983,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,100985,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998,101000],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100987,2577],{"class":58},[52,100989,63],{"class":62},[52,100991,57036],{"class":58},[52,100993,121],{"class":66},[52,100995,3162],{"class":124},[52,100997,145],{"class":66},[52,100999,345],{"class":124},[52,101001,151],{"class":66},[52,101003,101004],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101005,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101007,101008,101010,101012,101014],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,101009,142],{"class":141},[52,101011,145],{"class":66},[52,101013,2612],{"class":124},[52,101015,151],{"class":66},[52,101017,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,101019,142],{"class":141},[52,101021,145],{"class":66},[52,101023,3573],{"class":3251},[52,101025,145],{"class":66},[52,101027,2612],{"class":124},[52,101029,2120],{"class":66},[20,101031,173],{},[43,101033,101034],{"className":45,"code":99442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101035,101036,101042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101037,101038,101040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101039,6641],{"class":3251},[52,101041,128],{"class":66},[52,101043,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101045,3642],{"class":62},[52,101047,3645],{"class":2413},[52,101049,195],{"class":70},[52,101051,6641],{"class":74},[52,101053,186],{"class":70},[52,101055,3654],{"class":62},[20,101057,101058,101059,19092,101061,101063,101064,101066],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101060,4152],{},[15,101062,4147],{},". In Python, ",[15,101065,4147],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45061,101068],{},[38,101070,438],{"id":437},[20,101072,101073],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[43,101075,101077],{"className":45,"code":101076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101078,101079,101112,101145,101149,101169,101173,101183,101194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101080,101081,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101082,101083],{"class":58},"fruits_a ",[52,101085,63],{"class":62},[52,101087,67],{"class":66},[52,101089,71],{"class":70},[52,101091,4432],{"class":74},[52,101093,71],{"class":70},[52,101095,91],{"class":66},[52,101097,83],{"class":70},[52,101099,4441],{"class":74},[52,101101,71],{"class":70},[52,101103,91],{"class":66},[52,101105,83],{"class":70},[52,101107,33356],{"class":74},[52,101109,71],{"class":70},[52,101111,107],{"class":66},[52,101113,101114,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101115,101116],{"class":58},"fruits_b ",[52,101118,63],{"class":62},[52,101120,67],{"class":66},[52,101122,71],{"class":70},[52,101124,4441],{"class":74},[52,101126,71],{"class":70},[52,101128,91],{"class":66},[52,101130,83],{"class":70},[52,101132,33356],{"class":74},[52,101134,71],{"class":70},[52,101136,91],{"class":66},[52,101138,83],{"class":70},[52,101140,22663],{"class":74},[52,101142,71],{"class":70},[52,101144,107],{"class":66},[52,101146,101147],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101148,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101150,101151,101153,101155,101158,101160,101162,101164,101167],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101152,2577],{"class":58},[52,101154,63],{"class":62},[52,101156,101157],{"class":58}," fruits_a",[52,101159,121],{"class":66},[52,101161,3162],{"class":124},[52,101163,145],{"class":66},[52,101165,101166],{"class":124},"fruits_b",[52,101168,151],{"class":66},[52,101170,101171],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101172,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101174,101175,101177,101179,101181],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,101176,142],{"class":141},[52,101178,145],{"class":66},[52,101180,2612],{"class":124},[52,101182,151],{"class":66},[52,101184,101185,101187,101189,101192],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,101186,142],{"class":141},[52,101188,145],{"class":66},[52,101190,101191],{"class":124},"fruits_a",[52,101193,151],{"class":66},[52,101195,101196,101198,101200,101202],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,101197,142],{"class":141},[52,101199,145],{"class":66},[52,101201,101166],{"class":124},[52,101203,151],{"class":66},[20,101205,30163],{},[43,101207,101209],{"className":45,"code":101208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101210,101211,101223,101251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101212,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101214,183],{"class":66},[52,101216,186],{"class":70},[52,101218,4432],{"class":74},[52,101220,186],{"class":70},[52,101222,107],{"class":66},[52,101224,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101226,183],{"class":66},[52,101228,186],{"class":70},[52,101230,4441],{"class":74},[52,101232,186],{"class":70},[52,101234,91],{"class":66},[52,101236,195],{"class":70},[52,101238,33356],{"class":74},[52,101240,186],{"class":70},[52,101242,91],{"class":66},[52,101244,195],{"class":70},[52,101246,4432],{"class":74},[52,101248,186],{"class":70},[52,101250,107],{"class":66},[52,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101254,183],{"class":66},[52,101256,186],{"class":70},[52,101258,4441],{"class":74},[52,101260,186],{"class":70},[52,101262,91],{"class":66},[52,101264,195],{"class":70},[52,101266,33356],{"class":74},[52,101268,186],{"class":70},[52,101270,91],{"class":66},[52,101272,195],{"class":70},[52,101274,22663],{"class":74},[52,101276,186],{"class":70},[52,101278,107],{"class":66},[20,101280,12017],{},[234,101282,101283,101288,101293,101299],{},[237,101284,101285,101286],{},"Start with ",[15,101287,101191],{},[237,101289,101290,101291],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101292,101166],{},[237,101294,101295,101296,101298],{},"Only ",[15,101297,57982],{}," remains",[237,101300,101301],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101303,101304],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45061,101306],{},[38,101308,1326,101310,101312],{"id":101309},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101311,100568],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101314,101315,101316,121],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101317,100568],{},[20,101319,101320],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[43,101322,101324],{"className":45,"code":101323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101325,101326,101358,101375,101388,101405,101409,101438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101327,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101329,3971],{"class":58},[52,101331,63],{"class":62},[52,101333,67],{"class":66},[52,101335,3339],{"class":103},[52,101337,91],{"class":66},[52,101339,1378],{"class":103},[52,101341,91],{"class":66},[52,101343,2801],{"class":103},[52,101345,91],{"class":66},[52,101347,2807],{"class":103},[52,101349,91],{"class":66},[52,101351,4959],{"class":103},[52,101353,91],{"class":66},[52,101355,37784],{"class":103},[52,101357,107],{"class":66},[52,101359,101360,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101361,101362],{"class":58},"group_a ",[52,101364,63],{"class":62},[52,101366,67],{"class":66},[52,101368,2404],{"class":103},[52,101370,91],{"class":66},[52,101372,2807],{"class":103},[52,101374,107],{"class":66},[52,101376,101377,101380,101382,101384,101386],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101378,101379],{"class":58},"group_b ",[52,101381,63],{"class":62},[52,101383,67],{"class":66},[52,101385,2484],{"class":103},[52,101387,107],{"class":66},[52,101389,101390,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101391,101392],{"class":58},"group_c ",[52,101394,63],{"class":62},[52,101396,67],{"class":66},[52,101398,80745],{"class":103},[52,101400,91],{"class":66},[52,101402,6348],{"class":103},[52,101404,107],{"class":66},[52,101406,101407],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101410,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101426,101428,101431,101433,101436],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,101412,2577],{"class":58},[52,101414,63],{"class":62},[52,101416,4617],{"class":58},[52,101418,121],{"class":66},[52,101420,3162],{"class":124},[52,101422,145],{"class":66},[52,101424,101425],{"class":124},"group_a",[52,101427,91],{"class":66},[52,101429,101430],{"class":124}," group_b",[52,101432,91],{"class":66},[52,101434,101435],{"class":124}," group_c",[52,101437,151],{"class":66},[52,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,101441,142],{"class":141},[52,101443,145],{"class":66},[52,101445,2612],{"class":124},[52,101447,151],{"class":66},[20,101449,173],{},[43,101451,101453],{"className":45,"code":101452,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101454,101455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101456,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101458,183],{"class":66},[52,101460,3339],{"class":103},[52,101462,91],{"class":66},[52,101464,2801],{"class":103},[52,101466,107],{"class":66},[20,101468,101469],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45061,101471],{},[38,101473,101475,10931,101477],{"id":101474},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101476,100568],{},[15,101478,101479],{},"difference_update()",[20,101481,101482],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1335,101484,101485],{"id":3162},[15,101486,100568],{},[234,101488,101489,101492],{},[237,101490,101491],{},"Returns a new set",[237,101493,101494],{},"Does not change the original set",[43,101496,101498],{"className":45,"code":101497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101499,101500,101524,101540,101544,101562,101566,101576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101501,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101503,2905],{"class":58},[52,101505,63],{"class":62},[52,101507,67],{"class":66},[52,101509,3339],{"class":103},[52,101511,91],{"class":66},[52,101513,1378],{"class":103},[52,101515,91],{"class":66},[52,101517,2801],{"class":103},[52,101519,91],{"class":66},[52,101521,2807],{"class":103},[52,101523,107],{"class":66},[52,101525,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101527,2933],{"class":58},[52,101529,63],{"class":62},[52,101531,67],{"class":66},[52,101533,2410],{"class":103},[52,101535,91],{"class":66},[52,101537,2807],{"class":103},[52,101539,107],{"class":66},[52,101541,101542],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101543,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101545,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101547,2577],{"class":58},[52,101549,63],{"class":62},[52,101551,57036],{"class":58},[52,101553,121],{"class":66},[52,101555,3162],{"class":124},[52,101557,145],{"class":66},[52,101559,345],{"class":124},[52,101561,151],{"class":66},[52,101563,101564],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101565,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101567,101568,101570,101572,101574],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,101569,142],{"class":141},[52,101571,145],{"class":66},[52,101573,2612],{"class":124},[52,101575,151],{"class":66},[52,101577,101578,101580,101582,101584],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,101579,142],{"class":141},[52,101581,145],{"class":66},[52,101583,257],{"class":124},[52,101585,151],{"class":66},[20,101587,173],{},[43,101589,101591],{"className":45,"code":101590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101592,101593,101605],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101594,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101596,183],{"class":66},[52,101598,3339],{"class":103},[52,101600,91],{"class":66},[52,101602,1378],{"class":103},[52,101604,107],{"class":66},[52,101606,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101608,183],{"class":66},[52,101610,3339],{"class":103},[52,101612,91],{"class":66},[52,101614,1378],{"class":103},[52,101616,91],{"class":66},[52,101618,2801],{"class":103},[52,101620,91],{"class":66},[52,101622,2807],{"class":103},[52,101624,107],{"class":66},[1335,101626,101628],{"id":101627},"difference_update",[15,101629,101479],{},[234,101631,101632,101635],{},[237,101633,101634],{},"Changes the original set",[237,101636,96472],{},[43,101638,101640],{"className":45,"code":101639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101641,101642,101666,101682,101686,101700,101704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101643,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101645,2905],{"class":58},[52,101647,63],{"class":62},[52,101649,67],{"class":66},[52,101651,3339],{"class":103},[52,101653,91],{"class":66},[52,101655,1378],{"class":103},[52,101657,91],{"class":66},[52,101659,2801],{"class":103},[52,101661,91],{"class":66},[52,101663,2807],{"class":103},[52,101665,107],{"class":66},[52,101667,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101669,2933],{"class":58},[52,101671,63],{"class":62},[52,101673,67],{"class":66},[52,101675,2410],{"class":103},[52,101677,91],{"class":66},[52,101679,2807],{"class":103},[52,101681,107],{"class":66},[52,101683,101684],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101687,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101689,257],{"class":58},[52,101691,121],{"class":66},[52,101693,101627],{"class":124},[52,101695,145],{"class":66},[52,101697,345],{"class":124},[52,101699,151],{"class":66},[52,101701,101702],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101703,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101705,101706,101708,101710,101712],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,101707,142],{"class":141},[52,101709,145],{"class":66},[52,101711,257],{"class":124},[52,101713,151],{"class":66},[20,101715,173],{},[43,101717,101718],{"className":45,"code":100661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101719,101720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101721,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101723,183],{"class":66},[52,101725,3339],{"class":103},[52,101727,91],{"class":66},[52,101729,1378],{"class":103},[52,101731,107],{"class":66},[20,101733,222,101734,101736],{},[15,101735,100568],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101738,101739,101740,33736],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101741,101479],{},[45061,101743],{},[38,101745,101747,101749,101750,101752],{"id":101746},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101748,100568],{}," vs the ",[15,101751,2369],{}," operator",[20,101754,2327,101755,101757,101758,101760],{},[15,101756,2369],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101759,100568],{}," for two sets.",[43,101762,101764],{"className":45,"code":101763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101765,101766,101790,101806,101810,101828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101767,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101769,2905],{"class":58},[52,101771,63],{"class":62},[52,101773,67],{"class":66},[52,101775,3339],{"class":103},[52,101777,91],{"class":66},[52,101779,1378],{"class":103},[52,101781,91],{"class":66},[52,101783,2801],{"class":103},[52,101785,91],{"class":66},[52,101787,2807],{"class":103},[52,101789,107],{"class":66},[52,101791,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101793,2933],{"class":58},[52,101795,63],{"class":62},[52,101797,67],{"class":66},[52,101799,2410],{"class":103},[52,101801,91],{"class":66},[52,101803,2807],{"class":103},[52,101805,107],{"class":66},[52,101807,101808],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101811,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101813,142],{"class":141},[52,101815,145],{"class":66},[52,101817,257],{"class":124},[52,101819,121],{"class":66},[52,101821,3162],{"class":124},[52,101823,145],{"class":66},[52,101825,345],{"class":124},[52,101827,2120],{"class":66},[52,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101831,142],{"class":141},[52,101833,145],{"class":66},[52,101835,2905],{"class":124},[52,101837,2369],{"class":62},[52,101839,2910],{"class":124},[52,101841,151],{"class":66},[20,101843,173],{},[43,101845,101847],{"className":45,"code":101846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101848,101849,101861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101850,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101852,183],{"class":66},[52,101854,3339],{"class":103},[52,101856,91],{"class":66},[52,101858,1378],{"class":103},[52,101860,107],{"class":66},[52,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101864,183],{"class":66},[52,101866,3339],{"class":103},[52,101868,91],{"class":66},[52,101870,1378],{"class":103},[52,101872,107],{"class":66},[20,101874,101875],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101877,94742,101878,2221],{},[15,101879,100568],{},[234,101881,101882,101885,101888],{},[237,101883,101884],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[237,101886,101887],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[237,101889,101890],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101892,101893],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[43,101895,101897],{"className":45,"code":101896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101898,101899,101927,101939,101951,101955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101900,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101902,2905],{"class":58},[52,101904,63],{"class":62},[52,101906,67],{"class":66},[52,101908,3339],{"class":103},[52,101910,91],{"class":66},[52,101912,1378],{"class":103},[52,101914,91],{"class":66},[52,101916,2801],{"class":103},[52,101918,91],{"class":66},[52,101920,2807],{"class":103},[52,101922,91],{"class":66},[52,101924,4959],{"class":103},[52,101926,107],{"class":66},[52,101928,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,101930,2933],{"class":58},[52,101932,63],{"class":62},[52,101934,67],{"class":66},[52,101936,2404],{"class":103},[52,101938,107],{"class":66},[52,101940,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101942,83337],{"class":58},[52,101944,63],{"class":62},[52,101946,67],{"class":66},[52,101948,2855],{"class":103},[52,101950,107],{"class":66},[52,101952,101953],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101954,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,101956,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,101958,142],{"class":141},[52,101960,145],{"class":66},[52,101962,257],{"class":124},[52,101964,121],{"class":66},[52,101966,3162],{"class":124},[52,101968,145],{"class":66},[52,101970,345],{"class":124},[52,101972,91],{"class":66},[52,101974,10029],{"class":124},[52,101976,2120],{"class":66},[20,101978,173],{},[43,101980,101982],{"className":45,"code":101981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101983,101984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101985,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101987,183],{"class":66},[52,101989,3339],{"class":103},[52,101991,91],{"class":66},[52,101993,2801],{"class":103},[52,101995,91],{"class":66},[52,101997,4959],{"class":103},[52,101999,107],{"class":66},[20,102001,102002,102003,102005],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102004,2369],{}," operator expression.",[45061,102007],{},[38,102009,4873],{"id":4872},[20,102011,21341,102012,121],{},[15,102013,100568],{},[1335,102015,102017],{"id":102016},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102019,4982,102020,102022,102023,80],{},[33,102021,1332],{}," change ",[15,102024,257],{},[43,102026,102028],{"className":45,"code":102027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102029,102030,102050,102062,102066,102080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102031,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102033,2905],{"class":58},[52,102035,63],{"class":62},[52,102037,67],{"class":66},[52,102039,3339],{"class":103},[52,102041,91],{"class":66},[52,102043,1378],{"class":103},[52,102045,91],{"class":66},[52,102047,2801],{"class":103},[52,102049,107],{"class":66},[52,102051,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102053,2933],{"class":58},[52,102055,63],{"class":62},[52,102057,67],{"class":66},[52,102059,2410],{"class":103},[52,102061,107],{"class":66},[52,102063,102064],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102065,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102069,257],{"class":58},[52,102071,121],{"class":66},[52,102073,3162],{"class":124},[52,102075,145],{"class":66},[52,102077,345],{"class":124},[52,102079,151],{"class":66},[52,102081,102082,102084,102086,102088],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,102083,142],{"class":141},[52,102085,145],{"class":66},[52,102087,257],{"class":124},[52,102089,151],{"class":66},[20,102091,173],{},[43,102093,102094],{"className":45,"code":96761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102095,102096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102097,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102099,183],{"class":66},[52,102101,3339],{"class":103},[52,102103,91],{"class":66},[52,102105,1378],{"class":103},[52,102107,91],{"class":66},[52,102109,2801],{"class":103},[52,102111,107],{"class":66},[20,102113,102114],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[43,102116,102118],{"className":45,"code":102117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102119,102120,102140,102152,102156,102174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102123,2905],{"class":58},[52,102125,63],{"class":62},[52,102127,67],{"class":66},[52,102129,3339],{"class":103},[52,102131,91],{"class":66},[52,102133,1378],{"class":103},[52,102135,91],{"class":66},[52,102137,2801],{"class":103},[52,102139,107],{"class":66},[52,102141,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102143,2933],{"class":58},[52,102145,63],{"class":62},[52,102147,67],{"class":66},[52,102149,2410],{"class":103},[52,102151,107],{"class":66},[52,102153,102154],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102155,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102159,2905],{"class":58},[52,102161,63],{"class":62},[52,102163,57036],{"class":58},[52,102165,121],{"class":66},[52,102167,3162],{"class":124},[52,102169,145],{"class":66},[52,102171,345],{"class":124},[52,102173,151],{"class":66},[52,102175,102176,102178,102180,102182],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,102177,142],{"class":141},[52,102179,145],{"class":66},[52,102181,257],{"class":124},[52,102183,151],{"class":66},[20,102185,173],{},[43,102187,102188],{"className":45,"code":100661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102189,102190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102191,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102193,183],{"class":66},[52,102195,3339],{"class":103},[52,102197,91],{"class":66},[52,102199,1378],{"class":103},[52,102201,107],{"class":66},[1335,102203,102205],{"id":102204},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102207,102208,102211],{},[15,102209,102210],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[234,102213,102214,102219],{},[237,102215,102216,102217],{},"keep items from ",[15,102218,257],{},[237,102220,102221,102222],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102223,345],{},[20,102225,41048,102226,102228,102229,102231],{},[33,102227,1332],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102230,345],{},"”.",[20,102233,309],{},[43,102235,102237],{"className":45,"code":102236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102238,102239,102259,102279,102283,102301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102240,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102242,2905],{"class":58},[52,102244,63],{"class":62},[52,102246,67],{"class":66},[52,102248,3339],{"class":103},[52,102250,91],{"class":66},[52,102252,1378],{"class":103},[52,102254,91],{"class":66},[52,102256,2801],{"class":103},[52,102258,107],{"class":66},[52,102260,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102262,2933],{"class":58},[52,102264,63],{"class":62},[52,102266,67],{"class":66},[52,102268,2410],{"class":103},[52,102270,91],{"class":66},[52,102272,2807],{"class":103},[52,102274,91],{"class":66},[52,102276,4959],{"class":103},[52,102278,107],{"class":66},[52,102280,102281],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102282,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102284,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102286,142],{"class":141},[52,102288,145],{"class":66},[52,102290,257],{"class":124},[52,102292,121],{"class":66},[52,102294,3162],{"class":124},[52,102296,145],{"class":66},[52,102298,345],{"class":124},[52,102300,2120],{"class":66},[52,102302,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,102304,142],{"class":141},[52,102306,145],{"class":66},[52,102308,345],{"class":124},[52,102310,121],{"class":66},[52,102312,3162],{"class":124},[52,102314,145],{"class":66},[52,102316,257],{"class":124},[52,102318,2120],{"class":66},[20,102320,173],{},[43,102322,102324],{"className":45,"code":102323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102325,102326,102338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102327,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102329,183],{"class":66},[52,102331,3339],{"class":103},[52,102333,91],{"class":66},[52,102335,1378],{"class":103},[52,102337,107],{"class":66},[52,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102341,183],{"class":66},[52,102343,2855],{"class":103},[52,102345,91],{"class":66},[52,102347,4959],{"class":103},[52,102349,107],{"class":66},[20,102351,102352],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1335,102354,102356],{"id":102355},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102358,102359,102361],{},[15,102360,100568],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102363,55467],{},[43,102365,102367],{"className":45,"code":102366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102368,102369,102389,102405,102409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102370,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102372,2905],{"class":58},[52,102374,63],{"class":62},[52,102376,755],{"class":66},[52,102378,3339],{"class":103},[52,102380,91],{"class":66},[52,102382,1378],{"class":103},[52,102384,91],{"class":66},[52,102386,2801],{"class":103},[52,102388,766],{"class":66},[52,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102392,2933],{"class":58},[52,102394,63],{"class":62},[52,102396,755],{"class":66},[52,102398,2410],{"class":103},[52,102400,91],{"class":66},[52,102402,2807],{"class":103},[52,102404,766],{"class":66},[52,102406,102407],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102410,102411],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102412,102413],{"class":4017},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102415,102416],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[43,102418,102420],{"className":45,"code":102419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102421,102422,102442,102458,102462,102488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102423,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102425,2905],{"class":58},[52,102427,63],{"class":62},[52,102429,755],{"class":66},[52,102431,3339],{"class":103},[52,102433,91],{"class":66},[52,102435,1378],{"class":103},[52,102437,91],{"class":66},[52,102439,2801],{"class":103},[52,102441,766],{"class":66},[52,102443,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102445,2933],{"class":58},[52,102447,63],{"class":62},[52,102449,755],{"class":66},[52,102451,2410],{"class":103},[52,102453,91],{"class":66},[52,102455,2807],{"class":103},[52,102457,766],{"class":66},[52,102459,102460],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102461,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102463,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102465,2577],{"class":58},[52,102467,63],{"class":62},[52,102469,15759],{"class":3251},[52,102471,145],{"class":66},[52,102473,257],{"class":124},[52,102475,8986],{"class":66},[52,102477,3162],{"class":124},[52,102479,145],{"class":66},[52,102481,6641],{"class":3251},[52,102483,145],{"class":66},[52,102485,345],{"class":124},[52,102487,2120],{"class":66},[52,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,102491,142],{"class":141},[52,102493,145],{"class":66},[52,102495,2612],{"class":124},[52,102497,151],{"class":66},[20,102499,173],{},[43,102501,102502],{"className":45,"code":100661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102503,102504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102505,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102507,183],{"class":66},[52,102509,3339],{"class":103},[52,102511,91],{"class":66},[52,102513,1378],{"class":103},[52,102515,107],{"class":66},[1335,102517,102519],{"id":102518},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102521,102522],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[43,102524,102526],{"className":45,"code":102525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102527,102528,102560,102576,102580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102529,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102531,2905],{"class":58},[52,102533,63],{"class":62},[52,102535,67],{"class":66},[52,102537,71],{"class":70},[52,102539,37187],{"class":74},[52,102541,71],{"class":70},[52,102543,91],{"class":66},[52,102545,83],{"class":70},[52,102547,58276],{"class":74},[52,102549,71],{"class":70},[52,102551,91],{"class":66},[52,102553,83],{"class":70},[52,102555,58293],{"class":74},[52,102557,71],{"class":70},[52,102559,107],{"class":66},[52,102561,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102563,2933],{"class":58},[52,102565,63],{"class":62},[52,102567,67],{"class":66},[52,102569,71],{"class":70},[52,102571,58276],{"class":74},[52,102573,71],{"class":70},[52,102575,107],{"class":66},[52,102577,102578],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102579,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102581,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102583,142],{"class":141},[52,102585,145],{"class":66},[52,102587,257],{"class":124},[52,102589,121],{"class":66},[52,102591,3162],{"class":124},[52,102593,145],{"class":66},[52,102595,345],{"class":124},[52,102597,2120],{"class":66},[20,102599,102600],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1335,102602,102604],{"id":102603},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102606,102607],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,102609,102611],{"className":45,"code":102610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102612,102613,102641,102653,102657,102667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102614,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102616,2905],{"class":58},[52,102618,63],{"class":62},[52,102620,67],{"class":66},[52,102622,3339],{"class":103},[52,102624,91],{"class":66},[52,102626,1364],{"class":103},[52,102628,91],{"class":66},[52,102630,1378],{"class":103},[52,102632,91],{"class":66},[52,102634,1378],{"class":103},[52,102636,91],{"class":66},[52,102638,2801],{"class":103},[52,102640,107],{"class":66},[52,102642,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102644,2933],{"class":58},[52,102646,63],{"class":62},[52,102648,67],{"class":66},[52,102650,2410],{"class":103},[52,102652,107],{"class":66},[52,102654,102655],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102656,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102658,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102660,142],{"class":141},[52,102662,145],{"class":66},[52,102664,257],{"class":124},[52,102666,151],{"class":66},[52,102668,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677,102679,102681,102683],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,102670,142],{"class":141},[52,102672,145],{"class":66},[52,102674,257],{"class":124},[52,102676,121],{"class":66},[52,102678,3162],{"class":124},[52,102680,145],{"class":66},[52,102682,345],{"class":124},[52,102684,2120],{"class":66},[20,102686,173],{},[43,102688,102690],{"className":45,"code":102689,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102691,102692,102708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102693,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102695,183],{"class":66},[52,102697,3339],{"class":103},[52,102699,91],{"class":66},[52,102701,1378],{"class":103},[52,102703,91],{"class":66},[52,102705,2801],{"class":103},[52,102707,107],{"class":66},[52,102709,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102711,183],{"class":66},[52,102713,3339],{"class":103},[52,102715,91],{"class":66},[52,102717,1378],{"class":103},[52,102719,107],{"class":66},[20,102721,102722,102723,102725],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102724,100568],{}," runs.",[1335,102727,102729],{"id":102728},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102731,102732],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[43,102734,102736],{"className":45,"code":102735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102737,102738,102762,102782,102786,102796,102806,102824,102846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102739,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102741,2905],{"class":58},[52,102743,63],{"class":62},[52,102745,67],{"class":66},[52,102747,3339],{"class":103},[52,102749,91],{"class":66},[52,102751,1378],{"class":103},[52,102753,91],{"class":66},[52,102755,2801],{"class":103},[52,102757,91],{"class":66},[52,102759,2807],{"class":103},[52,102761,107],{"class":66},[52,102763,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,102765,2933],{"class":58},[52,102767,63],{"class":62},[52,102769,67],{"class":66},[52,102771,2410],{"class":103},[52,102773,91],{"class":66},[52,102775,2807],{"class":103},[52,102777,91],{"class":66},[52,102779,4959],{"class":103},[52,102781,107],{"class":66},[52,102783,102784],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102785,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,102787,102788,102790,102792,102794],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102789,142],{"class":141},[52,102791,145],{"class":66},[52,102793,257],{"class":124},[52,102795,151],{"class":66},[52,102797,102798,102800,102802,102804],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,102799,142],{"class":141},[52,102801,145],{"class":66},[52,102803,345],{"class":124},[52,102805,151],{"class":66},[52,102807,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,102809,142],{"class":141},[52,102811,145],{"class":66},[52,102813,257],{"class":124},[52,102815,121],{"class":66},[52,102817,3162],{"class":124},[52,102819,145],{"class":66},[52,102821,345],{"class":124},[52,102823,2120],{"class":66},[52,102825,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,102827,142],{"class":141},[52,102829,145],{"class":66},[52,102831,3573],{"class":3251},[52,102833,145],{"class":66},[52,102835,257],{"class":124},[52,102837,121],{"class":66},[52,102839,3162],{"class":124},[52,102841,145],{"class":66},[52,102843,345],{"class":124},[52,102845,3262],{"class":66},[52,102847,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,102849,142],{"class":141},[52,102851,145],{"class":66},[52,102853,11505],{"class":141},[52,102855,145],{"class":66},[52,102857,257],{"class":124},[52,102859,121],{"class":66},[52,102861,3162],{"class":124},[52,102863,145],{"class":66},[52,102865,345],{"class":124},[52,102867,3262],{"class":66},[20,102869,11514],{},[234,102871,102872,102875,102878,102881],{},[237,102873,102874],{},"what is in each set",[237,102876,102877],{},"what result Python creates",[237,102879,102880],{},"that the result is a set",[237,102882,102883],{},"how many items remain",[45061,102885],{},[38,102887,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,102889,2195,102891,102893],{"id":102890},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102892,100568],{}," change the original set?",[20,102895,102896],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1335,102898,2215,102900,2218,102902,2221],{"id":102899},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102901,100568],{},[15,102903,101479],{},[20,102905,102906,102908,102909,102911],{},[15,102907,100568],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102910,101479],{}," modifies the original set.",[1335,102913,28461,102915,102917],{"id":102914},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102916,100568],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102919,102920],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1335,102922,102924],{"id":102923},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102926,102927],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45061,102929],{},[38,102931,2240],{"id":2239},[234,102933,102934,102938,102946],{},[237,102935,102936],{},[257,102937,96482],{"href":97653},[237,102939,102940],{},[257,102941,96968,102943,2264],{"href":102942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102944,102945],{},"intersection()",[237,102947,102948],{},[257,102949,96968,102951,2264],{"href":102950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102952,102953],{},"union()",[2278,102955,102956],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":102958},[102959,102960,102962,102963,102964,102965,102967,102972,102974,102982,102991],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":100690,"depth":110,"text":102961},"What difference() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":101309,"depth":110,"text":102966},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101474,"depth":110,"text":102968,"children":102969},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102970,102971],{"id":3162,"depth":131,"text":100568},{"id":101627,"depth":131,"text":101479},{"id":101746,"depth":110,"text":102973},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":102975},[102976,102977,102978,102979,102980,102981],{"id":102016,"depth":131,"text":102017},{"id":102204,"depth":131,"text":102205},{"id":102355,"depth":131,"text":102356},{"id":102518,"depth":131,"text":102519},{"id":102603,"depth":131,"text":102604},{"id":102728,"depth":131,"text":102729},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":102983},[102984,102986,102988,102990],{"id":102890,"depth":131,"text":102985},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102899,"depth":131,"text":102987},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102914,"depth":131,"text":102989},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102923,"depth":131,"text":102924},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100560,"description":102992},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102999,"title":103000,"body":103001,"description":104696,"extension":2310,"meta":104697,"navigation":134,"path":104698,"seo":104699,"stem":104700,"__hash__":104701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103002,"toc":104658},[103003,103009,103015,103028,103030,103131,103133,103178,103183,103188,103192,103206,103209,103217,103219,103238,103256,103260,103313,103315,103336,103343,103348,103375,103382,103481,103483,103520,103528,103532,103538,103541,103614,103616,103624,103629,103698,103700,103725,103727,103730,103833,103835,103896,103899,103903,103909,103982,103984,104017,104020,104023,104063,104069,104092,104097,104101,104112,104115,104117,104121,104127,104129,104186,104196,104198,104251,104258,104263,104331,104339,104345,104349,104351,104390,104395,104444,104448,104451,104453,104492,104495,104497,104502,104559,104561,104575,104577,104581,104587,104592,104597,104604,104615,104621,104626,104628,104655],[10,103004,96354,103006,18],{"id":103005},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103007,103008],{},"discard()",[20,103010,103011,103014],{},[15,103012,103013],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103016,103017,103018,2536,103023,1329,103025,103027],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[257,103019,103020],{"href":98363},[15,103021,103022],{},"set.remove()",[15,103024,103008],{},[33,103026,1332],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[38,103029,41],{"id":40},[43,103031,103033],{"className":45,"code":103032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103034,103035,103067,103086,103096,103100,103121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103036,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103038,319],{"class":58},[52,103040,63],{"class":62},[52,103042,67],{"class":66},[52,103044,71],{"class":70},[52,103046,336],{"class":74},[52,103048,71],{"class":70},[52,103050,91],{"class":66},[52,103052,83],{"class":70},[52,103054,354],{"class":74},[52,103056,71],{"class":70},[52,103058,91],{"class":66},[52,103060,83],{"class":70},[52,103062,17583],{"class":74},[52,103064,71],{"class":70},[52,103066,107],{"class":66},[52,103068,103069,103071,103073,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103070,17630],{"class":58},[52,103072,121],{"class":66},[52,103074,103075],{"class":124},"discard",[52,103077,145],{"class":66},[52,103079,71],{"class":70},[52,103081,354],{"class":74},[52,103083,71],{"class":70},[52,103085,151],{"class":66},[52,103087,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103089,142],{"class":141},[52,103091,145],{"class":66},[52,103093,17630],{"class":124},[52,103095,151],{"class":66},[52,103097,103098],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103099,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103101,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,103103,17630],{"class":58},[52,103105,121],{"class":66},[52,103107,103075],{"class":124},[52,103109,145],{"class":66},[52,103111,71],{"class":70},[52,103113,22654],{"class":74},[52,103115,71],{"class":70},[52,103117,4014],{"class":66},[52,103119,103120],{"class":4017},"  # no error if missing\n",[52,103122,103123,103125,103127,103129],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,103124,142],{"class":141},[52,103126,145],{"class":66},[52,103128,17630],{"class":124},[52,103130,151],{"class":66},[20,103132,30163],{},[43,103134,103136],{"className":45,"code":103135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103137,103138,103158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103139,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103141,183],{"class":66},[52,103143,186],{"class":70},[52,103145,336],{"class":74},[52,103147,186],{"class":70},[52,103149,91],{"class":66},[52,103151,195],{"class":70},[52,103153,17583],{"class":74},[52,103155,186],{"class":70},[52,103157,107],{"class":66},[52,103159,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103161,183],{"class":66},[52,103163,186],{"class":70},[52,103165,336],{"class":74},[52,103167,186],{"class":70},[52,103169,91],{"class":66},[52,103171,195],{"class":70},[52,103173,17583],{"class":74},[52,103175,186],{"class":70},[52,103177,107],{"class":66},[20,103179,222,103180,103182],{},[15,103181,103008],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[38,103184,4031,103186,4034],{"id":103185},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103187,103013],{},[20,103189,103190,80],{},[15,103191,103008],{},[234,103193,103194,103197,103200,103202],{},[237,103195,103196],{},"Removes one item from a set",[237,103198,103199],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[237,103201,96469],{},[237,103203,11763,103204],{},[15,103205,4133],{},[20,103207,103208],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103210,96478,103211,261,103214,121],{},[257,103212,103213],{"href":98945},"what a set is in Python",[257,103215,103216],{"href":98037},"how to create a set",[38,103218,269],{"id":268},[43,103220,103222],{"className":45,"code":103221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103223,103224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103225,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103227,15792],{"class":58},[52,103229,121],{"class":66},[52,103231,103075],{"class":124},[52,103233,145],{"class":66},[52,103235,2823],{"class":124},[52,103237,151],{"class":66},[234,103239,103240,103245,103250,103253],{},[237,103241,103242,103244],{},[15,103243,15792],{}," is the set you want to change",[237,103246,103247,103249],{},[15,103248,2823],{}," is the item you want to remove",[237,103251,103252],{},"The set must already exist",[237,103254,103255],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1335,103257,103259],{"id":103258},"example","Example",[43,103261,103263],{"className":45,"code":103262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103264,103265,103289,103303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103266,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103268,3971],{"class":58},[52,103270,63],{"class":62},[52,103272,67],{"class":66},[52,103274,3339],{"class":103},[52,103276,91],{"class":66},[52,103278,1378],{"class":103},[52,103280,91],{"class":66},[52,103282,2801],{"class":103},[52,103284,91],{"class":66},[52,103286,2807],{"class":103},[52,103288,107],{"class":66},[52,103290,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103292,4001],{"class":58},[52,103294,121],{"class":66},[52,103296,103075],{"class":124},[52,103298,145],{"class":66},[52,103300,2410],{"class":103},[52,103302,151],{"class":66},[52,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103306,142],{"class":141},[52,103308,145],{"class":66},[52,103310,4001],{"class":124},[52,103312,151],{"class":66},[20,103314,173],{},[43,103316,103318],{"className":45,"code":103317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103319,103320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103321,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103323,183],{"class":66},[52,103325,3339],{"class":103},[52,103327,91],{"class":66},[52,103329,1378],{"class":103},[52,103331,91],{"class":66},[52,103333,2807],{"class":103},[52,103335,107],{"class":66},[38,103337,103339,103340,103342],{"id":103338},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103341,103008],{}," different",[20,103344,103345,103347],{},[15,103346,103008],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[234,103349,103350,103363,103372],{},[237,103351,103352,103353,2536,103357,103359,103360,103362],{},"Unlike ",[257,103354,103355],{"href":98363},[15,103356,55677],{},[15,103358,103008],{}," does not raise ",[15,103361,19816],{}," when the item is missing",[237,103364,103352,103365,2536,103369,103371],{},[257,103366,103367],{"href":98368},[15,103368,13087],{},[15,103370,103008],{}," removes a specific item",[237,103373,103374],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1335,103376,103378,10931,103380],{"id":103377},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103379,103008],{},[15,103381,55677],{},[43,103383,103385],{"className":45,"code":103384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103386,103387,103411,103415,103436,103446,103450,103471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103388,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103390,8133],{"class":58},[52,103392,63],{"class":62},[52,103394,67],{"class":66},[52,103396,71],{"class":70},[52,103398,4432],{"class":74},[52,103400,71],{"class":70},[52,103402,91],{"class":66},[52,103404,83],{"class":70},[52,103406,4441],{"class":74},[52,103408,71],{"class":70},[52,103410,107],{"class":66},[52,103412,103413],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103414,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103416,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103418,8163],{"class":58},[52,103420,121],{"class":66},[52,103422,103075],{"class":124},[52,103424,145],{"class":66},[52,103426,71],{"class":70},[52,103428,33356],{"class":74},[52,103430,71],{"class":70},[52,103432,4014],{"class":66},[52,103434,103435],{"class":4017},"   # no error\n",[52,103437,103438,103440,103442,103444],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103439,142],{"class":141},[52,103441,145],{"class":66},[52,103443,8163],{"class":124},[52,103445,151],{"class":66},[52,103447,103448],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,103449,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103451,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,103453,8163],{"class":58},[52,103455,121],{"class":66},[52,103457,34931],{"class":124},[52,103459,145],{"class":66},[52,103461,71],{"class":70},[52,103463,4441],{"class":74},[52,103465,71],{"class":70},[52,103467,4014],{"class":66},[52,103469,103470],{"class":4017},"    # removes existing item\n",[52,103472,103473,103475,103477,103479],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,103474,142],{"class":141},[52,103476,145],{"class":66},[52,103478,8163],{"class":124},[52,103480,151],{"class":66},[20,103482,173],{},[43,103484,103486],{"className":45,"code":103485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103487,103488,103508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103489,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103491,183],{"class":66},[52,103493,186],{"class":70},[52,103495,4432],{"class":74},[52,103497,186],{"class":70},[52,103499,91],{"class":66},[52,103501,195],{"class":70},[52,103503,4441],{"class":74},[52,103505,186],{"class":70},[52,103507,107],{"class":66},[52,103509,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103511,183],{"class":66},[52,103513,186],{"class":70},[52,103515,4432],{"class":74},[52,103517,186],{"class":70},[52,103519,107],{"class":66},[20,103521,40485,103522,103524,103525,103527],{},[15,103523,55677],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[257,103526,11419],{"href":11418}," for more help with that case.",[38,103529,103531],{"id":103530},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103533,103534,2746,103536,121],{},[15,103535,103008],{},[15,103537,4133],{},[20,103539,103540],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[43,103542,103544],{"className":45,"code":103543,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103545,103546,103578,103600,103604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103547,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103549,319],{"class":58},[52,103551,63],{"class":62},[52,103553,67],{"class":66},[52,103555,71],{"class":70},[52,103557,336],{"class":74},[52,103559,71],{"class":70},[52,103561,91],{"class":66},[52,103563,83],{"class":70},[52,103565,354],{"class":74},[52,103567,71],{"class":70},[52,103569,91],{"class":66},[52,103571,83],{"class":70},[52,103573,17583],{"class":74},[52,103575,71],{"class":70},[52,103577,107],{"class":66},[52,103579,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103581,2577],{"class":58},[52,103583,63],{"class":62},[52,103585,368],{"class":58},[52,103587,121],{"class":66},[52,103589,103075],{"class":124},[52,103591,145],{"class":66},[52,103593,71],{"class":70},[52,103595,354],{"class":74},[52,103597,71],{"class":70},[52,103599,151],{"class":66},[52,103601,103602],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103603,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103607,142],{"class":141},[52,103609,145],{"class":66},[52,103611,2612],{"class":124},[52,103613,151],{"class":66},[20,103615,173],{},[43,103617,103618],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,103619,103620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103621,103622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103623,12141],{"class":218},[20,103625,103626,103627,80],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103628,17630],{},[43,103630,103632],{"className":45,"code":103631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103633,103634,103666,103684,103688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103635,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103637,319],{"class":58},[52,103639,63],{"class":62},[52,103641,67],{"class":66},[52,103643,71],{"class":70},[52,103645,336],{"class":74},[52,103647,71],{"class":70},[52,103649,91],{"class":66},[52,103651,83],{"class":70},[52,103653,354],{"class":74},[52,103655,71],{"class":70},[52,103657,91],{"class":66},[52,103659,83],{"class":70},[52,103661,17583],{"class":74},[52,103663,71],{"class":70},[52,103665,107],{"class":66},[52,103667,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103669,17630],{"class":58},[52,103671,121],{"class":66},[52,103673,103075],{"class":124},[52,103675,145],{"class":66},[52,103677,71],{"class":70},[52,103679,354],{"class":74},[52,103681,71],{"class":70},[52,103683,151],{"class":66},[52,103685,103686],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103687,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103689,103690,103692,103694,103696],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103691,142],{"class":141},[52,103693,145],{"class":66},[52,103695,17630],{"class":124},[52,103697,151],{"class":66},[20,103699,173],{},[43,103701,103703],{"className":45,"code":103702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103704,103705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103706,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103708,183],{"class":66},[52,103710,186],{"class":70},[52,103712,336],{"class":74},[52,103714,186],{"class":70},[52,103716,91],{"class":66},[52,103718,195],{"class":70},[52,103720,17583],{"class":74},[52,103722,186],{"class":70},[52,103724,107],{"class":66},[38,103726,438],{"id":437},[20,103728,103729],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[43,103731,103733],{"className":45,"code":103732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103734,103735,103767,103771,103789,103793,103811,103815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103736,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103738,36378],{"class":58},[52,103740,63],{"class":62},[52,103742,67],{"class":66},[52,103744,71],{"class":70},[52,103746,4432],{"class":74},[52,103748,71],{"class":70},[52,103750,91],{"class":66},[52,103752,83],{"class":70},[52,103754,4441],{"class":74},[52,103756,71],{"class":70},[52,103758,91],{"class":66},[52,103760,83],{"class":70},[52,103762,33356],{"class":74},[52,103764,71],{"class":70},[52,103766,107],{"class":66},[52,103768,103769],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103770,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103772,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103774,142],{"class":141},[52,103776,145],{"class":66},[52,103778,71],{"class":70},[52,103780,11898],{"class":74},[52,103782,71],{"class":70},[52,103784,91],{"class":66},[52,103786,52999],{"class":124},[52,103788,151],{"class":66},[52,103790,103791],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103792,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103794,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,103796,36430],{"class":58},[52,103798,121],{"class":66},[52,103800,103075],{"class":124},[52,103802,145],{"class":66},[52,103804,71],{"class":70},[52,103806,4441],{"class":74},[52,103808,71],{"class":70},[52,103810,151],{"class":66},[52,103812,103813],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,103814,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103816,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,103818,142],{"class":141},[52,103820,145],{"class":66},[52,103822,71],{"class":70},[52,103824,11937],{"class":74},[52,103826,71],{"class":70},[52,103828,91],{"class":66},[52,103830,52999],{"class":124},[52,103832,151],{"class":66},[20,103834,173],{},[43,103836,103838],{"className":45,"code":103837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103839,103840,103872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103841,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103843,11957],{"class":58},[52,103845,80],{"class":66},[52,103847,67],{"class":66},[52,103849,186],{"class":70},[52,103851,4441],{"class":74},[52,103853,186],{"class":70},[52,103855,91],{"class":66},[52,103857,195],{"class":70},[52,103859,4432],{"class":74},[52,103861,186],{"class":70},[52,103863,91],{"class":66},[52,103865,195],{"class":70},[52,103867,33356],{"class":74},[52,103869,186],{"class":70},[52,103871,107],{"class":66},[52,103873,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103875,12010],{"class":58},[52,103877,80],{"class":66},[52,103879,67],{"class":66},[52,103881,186],{"class":70},[52,103883,4432],{"class":74},[52,103885,186],{"class":70},[52,103887,91],{"class":66},[52,103889,195],{"class":70},[52,103891,33356],{"class":74},[52,103893,186],{"class":70},[52,103895,107],{"class":66},[20,103897,103898],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[38,103900,103902],{"id":103901},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103904,103905,103906,103908],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103907,103008],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[43,103910,103912],{"className":45,"code":103911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103913,103914,103946,103950,103968,103972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103915,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103917,36378],{"class":58},[52,103919,63],{"class":62},[52,103921,67],{"class":66},[52,103923,71],{"class":70},[52,103925,4432],{"class":74},[52,103927,71],{"class":70},[52,103929,91],{"class":66},[52,103931,83],{"class":70},[52,103933,4441],{"class":74},[52,103935,71],{"class":70},[52,103937,91],{"class":66},[52,103939,83],{"class":70},[52,103941,33356],{"class":74},[52,103943,71],{"class":70},[52,103945,107],{"class":66},[52,103947,103948],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,103949,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103951,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103953,36430],{"class":58},[52,103955,121],{"class":66},[52,103957,103075],{"class":124},[52,103959,145],{"class":66},[52,103961,71],{"class":70},[52,103963,22663],{"class":74},[52,103965,71],{"class":70},[52,103967,151],{"class":66},[52,103969,103970],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103971,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,103973,103974,103976,103978,103980],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,103975,142],{"class":141},[52,103977,145],{"class":66},[52,103979,36430],{"class":124},[52,103981,151],{"class":66},[20,103983,173],{},[43,103985,103987],{"className":45,"code":103986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103988,103989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103990,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103992,183],{"class":66},[52,103994,186],{"class":70},[52,103996,4441],{"class":74},[52,103998,186],{"class":70},[52,104000,91],{"class":66},[52,104002,195],{"class":70},[52,104004,4432],{"class":74},[52,104006,186],{"class":70},[52,104008,91],{"class":66},[52,104010,195],{"class":70},[52,104012,33356],{"class":74},[52,104014,186],{"class":70},[52,104016,107],{"class":66},[20,104018,104019],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104021,104022],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[43,104024,104026],{"className":45,"code":104025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104027,104028,104044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104029,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104031,7350],{"class":163},[52,104033,83],{"class":70},[52,104035,22663],{"class":74},[52,104037,71],{"class":70},[52,104039,21303],{"class":62},[52,104041,52999],{"class":58},[52,104043,6748],{"class":66},[52,104045,104046,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104047,104048],{"class":58},"    fruits",[52,104050,121],{"class":66},[52,104052,34931],{"class":124},[52,104054,145],{"class":66},[52,104056,71],{"class":70},[52,104058,22663],{"class":74},[52,104060,71],{"class":70},[52,104062,151],{"class":66},[20,104064,104065,104066,104068],{},"With ",[15,104067,103008],{},", you can simply write:",[43,104070,104072],{"className":45,"code":104071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104073,104074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104075,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104077,36430],{"class":58},[52,104079,121],{"class":66},[52,104081,103075],{"class":124},[52,104083,145],{"class":66},[52,104085,71],{"class":70},[52,104087,22663],{"class":74},[52,104089,71],{"class":70},[52,104091,151],{"class":66},[38,104093,1063,104095],{"id":104094},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104096,103008],{},[20,104098,222,104099,1070],{},[15,104100,103008],{},[234,104102,104103,104106,104109],{},[237,104104,104105],{},"Missing values are normal",[237,104107,104108],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[237,104110,104111],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104113,104114],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[38,104116,2022],{"id":2021},[20,104118,8801,104119,121],{},[15,104120,103008],{},[1335,104122,8807,104124,104126],{"id":104123},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104125,103008],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104128,4880],{},[43,104130,104132],{"className":45,"code":104131,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104133,104134,104154,104172,104176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104135,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104137,3971],{"class":58},[52,104139,63],{"class":62},[52,104141,67],{"class":66},[52,104143,3339],{"class":103},[52,104145,91],{"class":66},[52,104147,1378],{"class":103},[52,104149,91],{"class":66},[52,104151,2801],{"class":103},[52,104153,107],{"class":66},[52,104155,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104157,3971],{"class":58},[52,104159,63],{"class":62},[52,104161,4617],{"class":58},[52,104163,121],{"class":66},[52,104165,103075],{"class":124},[52,104167,145],{"class":66},[52,104169,2404],{"class":103},[52,104171,151],{"class":66},[52,104173,104174],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104175,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,104177,104178,104180,104182,104184],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,104179,142],{"class":141},[52,104181,145],{"class":66},[52,104183,4001],{"class":124},[52,104185,151],{"class":66},[20,104187,104188,42298,104190,8956,104192,2746,104194,121],{},[15,104189,4001],{},[15,104191,4133],{},[15,104193,103008],{},[15,104195,4133],{},[20,104197,18969],{},[43,104199,104201],{"className":45,"code":104200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104202,104203,104223,104237,104241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104204,104205,104207,104209,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104206,3971],{"class":58},[52,104208,63],{"class":62},[52,104210,67],{"class":66},[52,104212,3339],{"class":103},[52,104214,91],{"class":66},[52,104216,1378],{"class":103},[52,104218,91],{"class":66},[52,104220,2801],{"class":103},[52,104222,107],{"class":66},[52,104224,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104226,4001],{"class":58},[52,104228,121],{"class":66},[52,104230,103075],{"class":124},[52,104232,145],{"class":66},[52,104234,2404],{"class":103},[52,104236,151],{"class":66},[52,104238,104239],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104240,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,104242,104243,104245,104247,104249],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,104244,142],{"class":141},[52,104246,145],{"class":66},[52,104248,4001],{"class":124},[52,104250,151],{"class":66},[1335,104252,37344,104254,9059,104256],{"id":104253},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104255,103008],{},[15,104257,55677],{},[20,104259,104260,104261,121],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104262,103008],{},[43,104264,104266],{"className":45,"code":104265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104267,104268,104300,104321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104269,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104271,36229],{"class":58},[52,104273,63],{"class":62},[52,104275,67],{"class":66},[52,104277,71],{"class":70},[52,104279,257],{"class":74},[52,104281,71],{"class":70},[52,104283,91],{"class":66},[52,104285,83],{"class":70},[52,104287,345],{"class":74},[52,104289,71],{"class":70},[52,104291,91],{"class":66},[52,104293,83],{"class":70},[52,104295,10087],{"class":74},[52,104297,71],{"class":70},[52,104299,107],{"class":66},[52,104301,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104303,36282],{"class":58},[52,104305,121],{"class":66},[52,104307,103075],{"class":124},[52,104309,145],{"class":66},[52,104311,71],{"class":70},[52,104313,22207],{"class":74},[52,104315,71],{"class":70},[52,104317,4014],{"class":66},[52,104319,104320],{"class":4017},"   # safe\n",[52,104322,104323,104325,104327,104329],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104324,142],{"class":141},[52,104326,145],{"class":66},[52,104328,36282],{"class":124},[52,104330,151],{"class":66},[20,104332,104333,104334,46053,104337,121],{},"If you use ",[15,104335,104336],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104338,19816],{},[1335,104340,25748,104342,104344],{"id":104341},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104343,103008],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104346,104347,102361],{},[15,104348,103008],{},[20,104350,16770],{},[43,104352,104354],{"className":45,"code":104353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104355,104356,104376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104359,8133],{"class":58},[52,104361,63],{"class":62},[52,104363,755],{"class":66},[52,104365,3339],{"class":103},[52,104367,91],{"class":66},[52,104369,1378],{"class":103},[52,104371,91],{"class":66},[52,104373,2801],{"class":103},[52,104375,766],{"class":66},[52,104377,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104379,8163],{"class":58},[52,104381,121],{"class":66},[52,104383,103075],{"class":124},[52,104385,145],{"class":66},[52,104387,2404],{"class":103},[52,104389,151],{"class":66},[20,104391,104392,104393,80],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104394,103008],{},[43,104396,104398],{"className":45,"code":104397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104399,104400,104420,104434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104401,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104403,8133],{"class":58},[52,104405,63],{"class":62},[52,104407,67],{"class":66},[52,104409,3339],{"class":103},[52,104411,91],{"class":66},[52,104413,1378],{"class":103},[52,104415,91],{"class":66},[52,104417,2801],{"class":103},[52,104419,107],{"class":66},[52,104421,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104423,8163],{"class":58},[52,104425,121],{"class":66},[52,104427,103075],{"class":124},[52,104429,145],{"class":66},[52,104431,2404],{"class":103},[52,104433,151],{"class":66},[52,104435,104436,104438,104440,104442],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104437,142],{"class":141},[52,104439,145],{"class":66},[52,104441,8163],{"class":124},[52,104443,151],{"class":66},[1335,104445,104447],{"id":104446},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104449,104450],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104452,3186],{},[43,104454,104456],{"className":45,"code":104455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104457,104458,104478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104459,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104461,1815],{"class":58},[52,104463,63],{"class":62},[52,104465,67],{"class":66},[52,104467,3339],{"class":103},[52,104469,91],{"class":66},[52,104471,1378],{"class":103},[52,104473,91],{"class":66},[52,104475,2801],{"class":103},[52,104477,107],{"class":66},[52,104479,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104481,1868],{"class":58},[52,104483,121],{"class":66},[52,104485,103075],{"class":124},[52,104487,3336],{"class":66},[52,104489,2404],{"class":103},[52,104491,913],{"class":66},[20,104493,104494],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[38,104496,9227],{"id":9226},[20,104498,9230,104499,104501],{},[15,104500,103008],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,104503,104505],{"className":45,"code":104504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104506,104507,104517,104531,104545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104508,104509,104511,104513,104515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104510,142],{"class":141},[52,104512,145],{"class":66},[52,104514,15792],{"class":124},[52,104516,151],{"class":66},[52,104518,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104520,142],{"class":141},[52,104522,145],{"class":66},[52,104524,3573],{"class":3251},[52,104526,145],{"class":66},[52,104528,15792],{"class":124},[52,104530,2120],{"class":66},[52,104532,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104534,142],{"class":141},[52,104536,145],{"class":66},[52,104538,2796],{"class":124},[52,104540,4238],{"class":163},[52,104542,97078],{"class":124},[52,104544,151],{"class":66},[52,104546,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,104548,32287],{"class":141},[52,104550,145],{"class":66},[52,104552,6641],{"class":3251},[52,104554,121],{"class":66},[52,104556,103075],{"class":24881},[52,104558,151],{"class":66},[20,104560,11514],{},[234,104562,104563,104566,104569,104572],{},[237,104564,104565],{},"What is currently in the set",[237,104567,104568],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[237,104570,104571],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[237,104573,104574],{},"How Python documents the method",[38,104576,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,104578,104580],{"id":104579},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104582,104583,104584,104586],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104585,103008],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1335,104588,5495,104590,13040],{"id":104589},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104591,103013],{},[20,104593,5501,104594,104596],{},[15,104595,4133],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1335,104598,2215,104600,2218,104602,2221],{"id":104599},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104601,103008],{},[15,104603,55677],{},[20,104605,104606,104607,26670,104609,104611,104612,104614],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104608,55677],{},[15,104610,19816],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104613,103008],{}," does not.",[1335,104616,28461,104618,104620],{"id":104617},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104619,103008],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104622,46510,104623,104625],{},[15,104624,103008],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[38,104627,2240],{"id":2239},[234,104629,104630,104636,104642,104647,104651],{},[237,104631,104632],{},[257,104633,96968,104634,2264],{"href":98363},[15,104635,55677],{},[237,104637,104638],{},[257,104639,96968,104640,2264],{"href":98368},[15,104641,13087],{},[237,104643,104644],{},[257,104645,104646],{"href":98037},"Python set: creating a set",[237,104648,104649],{},[257,104650,100503],{"href":98945},[237,104652,104653],{},[257,104654,11605],{"href":11418},[2278,104656,104657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":104659},[104660,104661,104663,104666,104671,104672,104673,104674,104676,104685,104686,104695],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":103185,"depth":110,"text":104662},"What set.discard() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":104664},[104665],{"id":103258,"depth":131,"text":103259},{"id":103338,"depth":110,"text":104667,"children":104668},"What makes discard() different",[104669],{"id":103377,"depth":131,"text":104670},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103530,"depth":110,"text":103531},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":103901,"depth":110,"text":103902},{"id":104094,"depth":110,"text":104675},"When to use discard()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":104677},[104678,104680,104682,104684],{"id":104123,"depth":131,"text":104679},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104253,"depth":131,"text":104681},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104341,"depth":131,"text":104683},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104446,"depth":131,"text":104447},{"id":9226,"depth":110,"text":9227},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":104687},[104688,104689,104691,104693],{"id":104579,"depth":131,"text":104580},{"id":104589,"depth":131,"text":104690},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104599,"depth":131,"text":104692},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104617,"depth":131,"text":104694},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103000,"description":104696},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104703,"title":104704,"body":104705,"description":106711,"extension":2310,"meta":106712,"navigation":134,"path":106713,"seo":106714,"stem":106715,"__hash__":106716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104706,"toc":106669},[104707,104710,104718,104723,104734,104736,104791,104795,104815,104820,104824,104829,104831,104845,104847,104922,104924,104957,104962,104967,104969,104971,104986,104989,104997,105002,105017,105019,105108,105110,105199,105205,105209,105211,105249,105251,105275,105278,105293,105295,105350,105352,105385,105387,105392,105396,105400,105405,105470,105472,105492,105498,105502,105559,105561,105582,105586,105591,105636,105638,105671,105674,105678,105711,105713,105742,105746,105750,105753,105755,105774,105776,105822,105827,105841,105843,105874,105879,105882,105926,105928,105956,105960,105964,105980,105983,106048,106050,106062,106065,106069,106072,106077,106105,106107,106125,106131,106170,106172,106190,106196,106225,106227,106245,106248,106265,106267,106272,106276,106279,106305,106312,106317,106332,106341,106345,106348,106379,106385,106388,106397,106400,106402,106404,106462,106465,106490,106492,106496,106499,106503,106511,106515,106518,106522,106525,106527,106550,106552,106593,106600,106608,106611,106642,106644,106666],[10,104708,104704],{"id":104709},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104711,9478,104712,104714,104715,121],{},[15,104713,4152],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[33,104716,104717],{},"unique values only",[20,104719,35543,104720,104722],{},[15,104721,4152],{}," to:",[234,104724,104725,104728,104731],{},[237,104726,104727],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[237,104729,104730],{},"check whether a value exists",[237,104732,104733],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[38,104735,41],{"id":40},[43,104737,104739],{"className":45,"code":104738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104740,104741,104765,104780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104742,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104744,3971],{"class":58},[52,104746,63],{"class":62},[52,104748,755],{"class":66},[52,104750,3339],{"class":103},[52,104752,91],{"class":66},[52,104754,1378],{"class":103},[52,104756,91],{"class":66},[52,104758,1378],{"class":103},[52,104760,91],{"class":66},[52,104762,2801],{"class":103},[52,104764,766],{"class":66},[52,104766,104767,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104768,104769],{"class":58},"unique_numbers ",[52,104771,63],{"class":62},[52,104773,15759],{"class":3251},[52,104775,145],{"class":66},[52,104777,4001],{"class":124},[52,104779,151],{"class":66},[52,104781,104782,104784,104786,104789],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104783,142],{"class":141},[52,104785,145],{"class":66},[52,104787,104788],{"class":124},"unique_numbers",[52,104790,151],{"class":66},[20,104792,104793],{},[33,104794,173],{},[43,104796,104797],{"className":45,"code":96761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104798,104799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104800,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104802,183],{"class":66},[52,104804,3339],{"class":103},[52,104806,91],{"class":66},[52,104808,1378],{"class":103},[52,104810,91],{"class":66},[52,104812,2801],{"class":103},[52,104814,107],{"class":66},[20,104816,222,104817,104819],{},[15,104818,4152],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[38,104821,104823],{"id":104822},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104825,104826,104828],{},[15,104827,4152],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104830,30674],{},[234,104832,104833,104836,104839,104842],{},[237,104834,104835],{},"A set stores unique items only",[237,104837,104838],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[237,104840,104841],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[237,104843,104844],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104846,309],{},[43,104848,104850],{"className":45,"code":104849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104851,104852,104892,104907,104911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104853,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104855,319],{"class":58},[52,104857,63],{"class":62},[52,104859,755],{"class":66},[52,104861,71],{"class":70},[52,104863,336],{"class":74},[52,104865,71],{"class":70},[52,104867,91],{"class":66},[52,104869,83],{"class":70},[52,104871,354],{"class":74},[52,104873,71],{"class":70},[52,104875,91],{"class":66},[52,104877,83],{"class":70},[52,104879,336],{"class":74},[52,104881,71],{"class":70},[52,104883,91],{"class":66},[52,104885,83],{"class":70},[52,104887,17583],{"class":74},[52,104889,71],{"class":70},[52,104891,766],{"class":66},[52,104893,104894,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,104895,104896],{"class":58},"unique_colors ",[52,104898,63],{"class":62},[52,104900,15759],{"class":3251},[52,104902,145],{"class":66},[52,104904,17630],{"class":124},[52,104906,151],{"class":66},[52,104908,104909],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104910,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,104912,104913,104915,104917,104920],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,104914,142],{"class":141},[52,104916,145],{"class":66},[52,104918,104919],{"class":124},"unique_colors",[52,104921,151],{"class":66},[20,104923,30163],{},[43,104925,104927],{"className":45,"code":104926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104928,104929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104930,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104932,183],{"class":66},[52,104934,186],{"class":70},[52,104936,354],{"class":74},[52,104938,186],{"class":70},[52,104940,91],{"class":66},[52,104942,195],{"class":70},[52,104944,17583],{"class":74},[52,104946,186],{"class":70},[52,104948,91],{"class":66},[52,104950,195],{"class":70},[52,104952,336],{"class":74},[52,104954,186],{"class":70},[52,104956,107],{"class":66},[20,104958,2634,104959,104961],{},[15,104960,65543],{}," appears only once.",[20,104963,104964,104965,121],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[257,104966,96482],{"href":96481},[38,104968,269],{"id":268},[20,104970,2507],{},[43,104972,104974],{"className":45,"code":104973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104975,104976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104977,104978,104980,104982,104984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104979,6641],{"class":3251},[52,104981,145],{"class":66},[52,104983,4075],{"class":124},[52,104985,151],{"class":66},[20,104987,104988],{},"The argument is optional.",[234,104990,104991,104994],{},[237,104992,104993],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[237,104995,104996],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104998,104999,105000,80],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105001,4152],{},[234,105003,105004,105006,105008,105010,105014],{},[237,105005,8448],{},[237,105007,49099],{},[237,105009,61324],{},[237,105011,105012],{},[15,105013,36337],{},[237,105015,105016],{},"another set",[20,105018,2473],{},[43,105020,105022],{"className":45,"code":105021,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105023,105024,105050,105072,105090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105025,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105027,142],{"class":141},[52,105029,145],{"class":66},[52,105031,6641],{"class":3251},[52,105033,3336],{"class":66},[52,105035,3339],{"class":103},[52,105037,91],{"class":66},[52,105039,1378],{"class":103},[52,105041,91],{"class":66},[52,105043,1378],{"class":103},[52,105045,91],{"class":66},[52,105047,2801],{"class":103},[52,105049,2144],{"class":66},[52,105051,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105053,142],{"class":141},[52,105055,145],{"class":66},[52,105057,6641],{"class":3251},[52,105059,5864],{"class":66},[52,105061,2679],{"class":103},[52,105063,91],{"class":66},[52,105065,104],{"class":103},[52,105067,91],{"class":66},[52,105069,1972],{"class":103},[52,105071,3262],{"class":66},[52,105073,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105075,142],{"class":141},[52,105077,145],{"class":66},[52,105079,6641],{"class":3251},[52,105081,145],{"class":66},[52,105083,71],{"class":70},[52,105085,4201],{"class":74},[52,105087,71],{"class":70},[52,105089,2120],{"class":66},[52,105091,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,105093,142],{"class":141},[52,105095,145],{"class":66},[52,105097,6641],{"class":3251},[52,105099,145],{"class":66},[52,105101,60148],{"class":141},[52,105103,145],{"class":66},[52,105105,2855],{"class":103},[52,105107,3262],{"class":66},[20,105109,30163],{},[43,105111,105113],{"className":45,"code":105112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105114,105115,105131,105143,105179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105116,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105118,183],{"class":66},[52,105120,3339],{"class":103},[52,105122,91],{"class":66},[52,105124,1378],{"class":103},[52,105126,91],{"class":66},[52,105128,2801],{"class":103},[52,105130,107],{"class":66},[52,105132,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105134,183],{"class":66},[52,105136,2679],{"class":103},[52,105138,91],{"class":66},[52,105140,104],{"class":103},[52,105142,107],{"class":66},[52,105144,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105146,183],{"class":66},[52,105148,186],{"class":70},[52,105150,60588],{"class":74},[52,105152,186],{"class":70},[52,105154,91],{"class":66},[52,105156,195],{"class":70},[52,105158,60597],{"class":74},[52,105160,186],{"class":70},[52,105162,91],{"class":66},[52,105164,195],{"class":70},[52,105166,60606],{"class":74},[52,105168,186],{"class":70},[52,105170,91],{"class":66},[52,105172,195],{"class":70},[52,105174,60623],{"class":74},[52,105176,186],{"class":70},[52,105178,107],{"class":66},[52,105180,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,105182,183],{"class":66},[52,105184,2467],{"class":103},[52,105186,91],{"class":66},[52,105188,1364],{"class":103},[52,105190,91],{"class":66},[52,105192,1378],{"class":103},[52,105194,91],{"class":66},[52,105196,2801],{"class":103},[52,105198,107],{"class":66},[20,105200,105201,105202,121],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[257,105203,105204],{"href":64998},"Python list() function explained",[38,105206,105208],{"id":105207},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105210,98434],{},[43,105212,105213],{"className":45,"code":99399,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105214,105215,105225,105235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105216,105217,105219,105221,105223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105218,98444],{"class":58},[52,105220,63],{"class":62},[52,105222,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105224,128],{"class":66},[52,105226,105227,105229,105231,105233],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105228,142],{"class":141},[52,105230,145],{"class":66},[52,105232,98463],{"class":124},[52,105234,151],{"class":66},[52,105236,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105238,142],{"class":141},[52,105240,145],{"class":66},[52,105242,3573],{"class":3251},[52,105244,145],{"class":66},[52,105246,98463],{"class":124},[52,105248,2120],{"class":66},[20,105250,173],{},[43,105252,105253],{"className":45,"code":99442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105254,105255,105261],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105256,105257,105259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105258,6641],{"class":3251},[52,105260,128],{"class":66},[52,105262,105263,105265,105267,105269,105271,105273],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105264,3642],{"class":62},[52,105266,3645],{"class":2413},[52,105268,195],{"class":70},[52,105270,6641],{"class":74},[52,105272,186],{"class":70},[52,105274,3654],{"class":62},[20,105276,105277],{},"This is important because:",[234,105279,105280,105285],{},[237,105281,105282,105284],{},[15,105283,4152],{}," creates an empty set",[237,105286,105287,105289,105290,105292],{},[15,105288,4147],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[33,105291,1332],{}," a set",[20,105294,309],{},[43,105296,105298],{"className":45,"code":105297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105299,105300,105310,105318,105322,105336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105301,105302,105304,105306,105308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105303,2905],{"class":58},[52,105305,63],{"class":62},[52,105307,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105309,128],{"class":66},[52,105311,105312,105314,105316],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105313,2933],{"class":58},[52,105315,63],{"class":62},[52,105317,10186],{"class":66},[52,105319,105320],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105321,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,105323,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,105325,142],{"class":141},[52,105327,145],{"class":66},[52,105329,3573],{"class":3251},[52,105331,145],{"class":66},[52,105333,257],{"class":124},[52,105335,2120],{"class":66},[52,105337,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,105339,142],{"class":141},[52,105341,145],{"class":66},[52,105343,3573],{"class":3251},[52,105345,145],{"class":66},[52,105347,345],{"class":124},[52,105349,2120],{"class":66},[20,105351,173],{},[43,105353,105355],{"className":45,"code":105354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105356,105357,105371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105358,105359,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105360,3642],{"class":62},[52,105362,3645],{"class":2413},[52,105364,195],{"class":70},[52,105366,6641],{"class":74},[52,105368,186],{"class":70},[52,105370,3654],{"class":62},[52,105372,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105374,3642],{"class":62},[52,105376,3645],{"class":2413},[52,105378,195],{"class":70},[52,105380,9176],{"class":74},[52,105382,186],{"class":70},[52,105384,3654],{"class":62},[20,105386,1323],{},[20,105388,105389,105390,121],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[257,105391,104646],{"href":96485},[38,105393,105395],{"id":105394},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1335,105397,105399],{"id":105398},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105401,105402,105403,121],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105404,4152],{},[43,105406,105408],{"className":45,"code":105407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105409,105410,105442,105456,105460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105413,3971],{"class":58},[52,105415,63],{"class":62},[52,105417,755],{"class":66},[52,105419,3339],{"class":103},[52,105421,91],{"class":66},[52,105423,1378],{"class":103},[52,105425,91],{"class":66},[52,105427,1378],{"class":103},[52,105429,91],{"class":66},[52,105431,2801],{"class":103},[52,105433,91],{"class":66},[52,105435,2801],{"class":103},[52,105437,91],{"class":66},[52,105439,2801],{"class":103},[52,105441,766],{"class":66},[52,105443,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105445,2577],{"class":58},[52,105447,63],{"class":62},[52,105449,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105451,145],{"class":66},[52,105453,4001],{"class":124},[52,105455,151],{"class":66},[52,105457,105458],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,105461,105462,105464,105466,105468],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,105463,142],{"class":141},[52,105465,145],{"class":66},[52,105467,2612],{"class":124},[52,105469,151],{"class":66},[20,105471,173],{},[43,105473,105474],{"className":45,"code":96761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105475,105476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105477,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105479,183],{"class":66},[52,105481,3339],{"class":103},[52,105483,91],{"class":66},[52,105485,1378],{"class":103},[52,105487,91],{"class":66},[52,105489,2801],{"class":103},[52,105491,107],{"class":66},[20,105493,105494,105495,121],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[257,105496,99232],{"href":105497},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1335,105499,105501],{"id":105500},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[43,105503,105505],{"className":45,"code":105504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105506,105507,105531,105545,105549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105508,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105510,4178],{"class":58},[52,105512,63],{"class":62},[52,105514,9588],{"class":66},[52,105516,2484],{"class":103},[52,105518,91],{"class":66},[52,105520,4959],{"class":103},[52,105522,91],{"class":66},[52,105524,1972],{"class":103},[52,105526,91],{"class":66},[52,105528,38077],{"class":103},[52,105530,151],{"class":66},[52,105532,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105534,2577],{"class":58},[52,105536,63],{"class":62},[52,105538,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105540,145],{"class":66},[52,105542,5712],{"class":124},[52,105544,151],{"class":66},[52,105546,105547],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105548,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,105550,105551,105553,105555,105557],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,105552,142],{"class":141},[52,105554,145],{"class":66},[52,105556,2612],{"class":124},[52,105558,151],{"class":66},[20,105560,173],{},[43,105562,105564],{"className":45,"code":105563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105565,105566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105567,105568,105570,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105569,183],{"class":66},[52,105571,2484],{"class":103},[52,105573,91],{"class":66},[52,105575,1972],{"class":103},[52,105577,91],{"class":66},[52,105579,38077],{"class":103},[52,105581,107],{"class":66},[1335,105583,105585],{"id":105584},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105587,51274,105588,105590],{},[15,105589,4152],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[43,105592,105594],{"className":45,"code":105593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105595,105596,105608,105622,105626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105597,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105599,34824],{"class":58},[52,105601,63],{"class":62},[52,105603,83],{"class":70},[52,105605,4441],{"class":74},[52,105607,3710],{"class":70},[52,105609,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105611,2577],{"class":58},[52,105613,63],{"class":62},[52,105615,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105617,145],{"class":66},[52,105619,34845],{"class":124},[52,105621,151],{"class":66},[52,105623,105624],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105625,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,105627,105628,105630,105632,105634],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,105629,142],{"class":141},[52,105631,145],{"class":66},[52,105633,2612],{"class":124},[52,105635,151],{"class":66},[20,105637,30163],{},[43,105639,105641],{"className":45,"code":105640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105642,105643],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105644,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105646,183],{"class":66},[52,105648,186],{"class":70},[52,105650,345],{"class":74},[52,105652,186],{"class":70},[52,105654,91],{"class":66},[52,105656,195],{"class":70},[52,105658,257],{"class":74},[52,105660,186],{"class":70},[52,105662,91],{"class":66},[52,105664,195],{"class":70},[52,105666,76181],{"class":74},[52,105668,186],{"class":70},[52,105670,107],{"class":66},[20,105672,105673],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1335,105675,105677],{"id":105676},"from-range","From range()",[43,105679,105681],{"className":45,"code":105680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105682,105683,105701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105684,105685,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105686,2577],{"class":58},[52,105688,63],{"class":62},[52,105690,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105692,145],{"class":66},[52,105694,60148],{"class":141},[52,105696,145],{"class":66},[52,105698,2484],{"class":103},[52,105700,2120],{"class":66},[52,105702,105703,105705,105707,105709],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105704,142],{"class":141},[52,105706,145],{"class":66},[52,105708,2612],{"class":124},[52,105710,151],{"class":66},[20,105712,173],{},[43,105714,105716],{"className":45,"code":105715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105717,105718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105719,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105721,183],{"class":66},[52,105723,2467],{"class":103},[52,105725,91],{"class":66},[52,105727,1364],{"class":103},[52,105729,91],{"class":66},[52,105731,1378],{"class":103},[52,105733,91],{"class":66},[52,105735,2801],{"class":103},[52,105737,91],{"class":66},[52,105739,2807],{"class":103},[52,105741,107],{"class":66},[38,105743,105745],{"id":105744},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105747,99679,105748,121],{},[33,105749,96525],{},[20,105751,105752],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105754,99685],{},[234,105756,105757,105761,105765,105769],{},[237,105758,105759],{},[15,105760,2535],{},[237,105762,105763],{},[15,105764,3795],{},[237,105766,105767],{},[15,105768,2539],{},[237,105770,105771,105773],{},[15,105772,49099],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105775,309],{},[43,105777,105779],{"className":45,"code":105778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105780,105781,105812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105782,105783,105785,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105784,8133],{"class":58},[52,105786,63],{"class":62},[52,105788,67],{"class":66},[52,105790,3339],{"class":103},[52,105792,91],{"class":66},[52,105794,83],{"class":70},[52,105796,4201],{"class":74},[52,105798,71],{"class":70},[52,105800,91],{"class":66},[52,105802,9588],{"class":66},[52,105804,2679],{"class":103},[52,105806,91],{"class":66},[52,105808,104],{"class":103},[52,105810,105811],{"class":66},")}\n",[52,105813,105814,105816,105818,105820],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105815,142],{"class":141},[52,105817,145],{"class":66},[52,105819,8163],{"class":124},[52,105821,151],{"class":66},[20,105823,99747,105824,105826],{},[33,105825,1332],{}," work inside a set:",[234,105828,105829,105833,105837],{},[237,105830,105831],{},[15,105832,8448],{},[237,105834,105835],{},[15,105836,9176],{},[237,105838,105839],{},[15,105840,6641],{},[20,105842,97250],{},[43,105844,105846],{"className":45,"code":105845,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105847,105848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105849,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105851,99766],{"class":58},[52,105853,63],{"class":62},[52,105855,99771],{"class":66},[52,105857,3339],{"class":103},[52,105859,91],{"class":66},[52,105861,1378],{"class":103},[52,105863,18190],{"class":66},[52,105865,755],{"class":66},[52,105867,2410],{"class":103},[52,105869,91],{"class":66},[52,105871,2807],{"class":103},[52,105873,970],{"class":66},[20,105875,77009,105876,105878],{},[15,105877,3355],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105880,105881],{},"A safer example:",[43,105883,105885],{"className":45,"code":105884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105886,105887,105915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105888,105889,105892,105894,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105890,105891],{"class":58},"good_set ",[52,105893,63],{"class":62},[52,105895,105896],{"class":66}," {(",[52,105898,3339],{"class":103},[52,105900,91],{"class":66},[52,105902,1378],{"class":103},[52,105904,2110],{"class":66},[52,105906,9588],{"class":66},[52,105908,2410],{"class":103},[52,105910,91],{"class":66},[52,105912,2807],{"class":103},[52,105914,105811],{"class":66},[52,105916,105917,105919,105921,105924],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,105918,142],{"class":141},[52,105920,145],{"class":66},[52,105922,105923],{"class":124},"good_set",[52,105925,151],{"class":66},[20,105927,173],{},[43,105929,105931],{"className":45,"code":105930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105932,105933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105934,105935,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105936,105937],{"class":66},"{(",[52,105939,3339],{"class":103},[52,105941,91],{"class":66},[52,105943,1378],{"class":103},[52,105945,2110],{"class":66},[52,105947,9588],{"class":66},[52,105949,2410],{"class":103},[52,105951,91],{"class":66},[52,105953,2807],{"class":103},[52,105955,105811],{"class":66},[38,105957,105959],{"id":105958},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105961,222,105962,1070],{},[15,105963,4152],{},[234,105965,105966,105969,105974,105977],{},[237,105967,105968],{},"you need unique values only",[237,105970,105971,105972],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105973,4238],{},[237,105975,105976],{},"order does not matter",[237,105978,105979],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105981,105982],{},"Example of membership checking:",[43,105984,105986],{"className":45,"code":105985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105987,105988,106013,106017,106033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105989,105990,105993,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106006,106008,106011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105991,105992],{"class":58},"allowed_ids ",[52,105994,63],{"class":62},[52,105996,15759],{"class":3251},[52,105998,3336],{"class":66},[52,106000,46737],{"class":103},[52,106002,91],{"class":66},[52,106004,106005],{"class":103}," 102",[52,106007,91],{"class":66},[52,106009,106010],{"class":103}," 103",[52,106012,913],{"class":66},[52,106014,106015],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106016,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,106018,106019,106021,106023,106026,106028,106031],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106020,142],{"class":141},[52,106022,145],{"class":66},[52,106024,106025],{"class":103},"102",[52,106027,21303],{"class":163},[52,106029,106030],{"class":124}," allowed_ids",[52,106032,151],{"class":66},[52,106034,106035,106037,106039,106042,106044,106046],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,106036,142],{"class":141},[52,106038,145],{"class":66},[52,106040,106041],{"class":103},"999",[52,106043,21303],{"class":163},[52,106045,106030],{"class":124},[52,106047,151],{"class":66},[20,106049,173],{},[43,106051,106052],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106053,106054,106058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106055,106056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106057,1025],{"class":218},[52,106059,106060],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106061,219],{"class":218},[20,106063,106064],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[38,106066,106068],{"id":106067},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106070,106071],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1335,106073,222,106075,98376],{"id":106074},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106076,4152],{},[43,106078,106079],{"className":45,"code":98437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106080,106081,106091],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106082,106083,106085,106087,106089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106084,98444],{"class":58},[52,106086,63],{"class":62},[52,106088,15759],{"class":3251},[52,106090,128],{"class":66},[52,106092,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106094,142],{"class":141},[52,106096,145],{"class":66},[52,106098,3573],{"class":3251},[52,106100,145],{"class":66},[52,106102,98463],{"class":124},[52,106104,2120],{"class":66},[20,106106,173],{},[43,106108,106109],{"className":45,"code":9207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106110,106111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106112,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106114,3642],{"class":62},[52,106116,3645],{"class":2413},[52,106118,195],{"class":70},[52,106120,6641],{"class":74},[52,106122,186],{"class":70},[52,106124,3654],{"class":62},[1335,106126,222,106128,106130],{"id":106127},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106129,100436],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[43,106132,106134],{"className":45,"code":106133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106135,106136,106156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106137,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152,106154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106139,3971],{"class":58},[52,106141,63],{"class":62},[52,106143,67],{"class":66},[52,106145,3339],{"class":103},[52,106147,91],{"class":66},[52,106149,1378],{"class":103},[52,106151,91],{"class":66},[52,106153,2801],{"class":103},[52,106155,107],{"class":66},[52,106157,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106159,142],{"class":141},[52,106161,145],{"class":66},[52,106163,3573],{"class":3251},[52,106165,145],{"class":66},[52,106167,4001],{"class":124},[52,106169,2120],{"class":66},[20,106171,173],{},[43,106173,106174],{"className":45,"code":9207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106175,106176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106177,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106179,3642],{"class":62},[52,106181,3645],{"class":2413},[52,106183,195],{"class":70},[52,106185,6641],{"class":74},[52,106187,186],{"class":70},[52,106189,3654],{"class":62},[1335,106191,222,106193,106195],{"id":106192},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106194,4147],{}," for an empty dictionary",[43,106197,106199],{"className":45,"code":106198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106200,106201,106210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106202,106203,106206,106208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106204,106205],{"class":58},"empty_dict ",[52,106207,63],{"class":62},[52,106209,10186],{"class":66},[52,106211,106212,106214,106216,106218,106220,106223],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106213,142],{"class":141},[52,106215,145],{"class":66},[52,106217,3573],{"class":3251},[52,106219,145],{"class":66},[52,106221,106222],{"class":124},"empty_dict",[52,106224,2120],{"class":66},[20,106226,173],{},[43,106228,106229],{"className":45,"code":9163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106230,106231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106232,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106234,3642],{"class":62},[52,106236,3645],{"class":2413},[52,106238,195],{"class":70},[52,106240,9176],{"class":74},[52,106242,186],{"class":70},[52,106244,3654],{"class":62},[20,106246,106247],{},"So the rule is simple:",[234,106249,106250,106255,106260],{},[237,106251,106252,106254],{},[15,106253,4152],{}," → empty set",[237,106256,106257,106259],{},[15,106258,100436],{}," → non-empty set",[237,106261,106262,106264],{},[15,106263,4147],{}," → empty dictionary",[38,106266,2022],{"id":2021},[20,106268,106269,106270,121],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106271,4152],{},[1335,106273,1326,106274,100034],{"id":100031},[15,106275,4147],{},[20,106277,106278],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[43,106280,106281],{"className":45,"code":100040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106282,106283,106291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106284,106285,106287,106289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106286,2796],{"class":58},[52,106288,63],{"class":62},[52,106290,10186],{"class":66},[52,106292,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106294,142],{"class":141},[52,106296,145],{"class":66},[52,106298,3573],{"class":3251},[52,106300,145],{"class":66},[52,106302,2823],{"class":124},[52,106304,2120],{"class":66},[1335,106306,106308,106309],{"id":106307},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106310,106311],{},"set(5)",[20,106313,106314,106316],{},[15,106315,4152],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[43,106318,106320],{"className":45,"code":106319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(5)\n",[15,106321,106322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106323,106324,106326,106328,106330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106325,6641],{"class":3251},[52,106327,145],{"class":66},[52,106329,2484],{"class":103},[52,106331,151],{"class":66},[20,106333,3352,106334,106336,106337,121],{},[15,106335,3355],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[257,106338,106340],{"href":106339},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1335,106342,106344],{"id":106343},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106346,106347],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,106349,106351],{"className":45,"code":106350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106352,106353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106354,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106356,2796],{"class":58},[52,106358,63],{"class":62},[52,106360,99771],{"class":66},[52,106362,3339],{"class":103},[52,106364,91],{"class":66},[52,106366,1378],{"class":103},[52,106368,18190],{"class":66},[52,106370,755],{"class":66},[52,106372,2410],{"class":103},[52,106374,91],{"class":66},[52,106376,2807],{"class":103},[52,106378,970],{"class":66},[1335,106380,8807,106382,106384],{"id":106381},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106383,4152],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106386,106387],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1335,106389,37344,106391,9059,106393,261,106395],{"id":106390},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106392,4152],{},[15,106394,24912],{},[15,106396,9475],{},[20,106398,106399],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[38,106401,60860],{"id":60859},[20,106403,11456],{},[43,106405,106407],{"className":45,"code":106406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106408,106409,106424,106434,106448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106410,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106412,142],{"class":141},[52,106414,145],{"class":66},[52,106416,3573],{"class":3251},[52,106418,145],{"class":66},[52,106420,106421],{"class":124},"my_value",[52,106423,2120],{"class":66},[52,106425,106426,106428,106430,106432],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106427,142],{"class":141},[52,106429,145],{"class":66},[52,106431,106421],{"class":124},[52,106433,151],{"class":66},[52,106435,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106437,142],{"class":141},[52,106439,145],{"class":66},[52,106441,8448],{"class":3251},[52,106443,145],{"class":66},[52,106445,15792],{"class":124},[52,106447,2120],{"class":66},[52,106449,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,106451,142],{"class":141},[52,106453,145],{"class":66},[52,106455,11505],{"class":141},[52,106457,145],{"class":66},[52,106459,15792],{"class":124},[52,106461,2120],{"class":66},[20,106463,106464],{},"What they help you see:",[234,106466,106467,106473,106478,106484],{},[237,106468,106469,106472],{},[15,106470,106471],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[237,106474,106475,90700],{},[15,106476,106477],{},"print(my_value)",[237,106479,106480,106483],{},[15,106481,106482],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[237,106485,106486,106489],{},[15,106487,106488],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[38,106491,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,106493,106495],{"id":106494},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106497,106498],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1335,106500,106502],{"id":106501},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106504,222,106505,106507,106508,106510],{},[15,106506,4152],{},". Do not use ",[15,106509,4147],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1335,106512,106514],{"id":106513},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106516,106517],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1335,106519,106521],{"id":106520},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106523,106524],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106526,309],{},[43,106528,106530],{"className":45,"code":106529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106531,106532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106533,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106535,142],{"class":141},[52,106537,145],{"class":66},[52,106539,6641],{"class":3251},[52,106541,145],{"class":66},[52,106543,71],{"class":70},[52,106545,4432],{"class":74},[52,106547,71],{"class":70},[52,106549,2120],{"class":66},[20,106551,30163],{},[43,106553,106555],{"className":45,"code":106554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106556,106557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106558,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106560,183],{"class":66},[52,106562,186],{"class":70},[52,106564,257],{"class":74},[52,106566,186],{"class":70},[52,106568,91],{"class":66},[52,106570,195],{"class":70},[52,106572,20],{"class":74},[52,106574,186],{"class":70},[52,106576,91],{"class":66},[52,106578,195],{"class":70},[52,106580,60606],{"class":74},[52,106582,186],{"class":70},[52,106584,91],{"class":66},[52,106586,195],{"class":70},[52,106588,60597],{"class":74},[52,106590,186],{"class":70},[52,106592,107],{"class":66},[1335,106594,5511,106596,106599],{"id":106595},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106597,106598],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106601,106602,28818,106604,106607],{},[15,106603,4152],{},[33,106605,106606],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106609,106610],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[43,106612,106614],{"className":45,"code":106613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106615,106616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106617,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106619,142],{"class":141},[52,106621,145],{"class":66},[52,106623,6641],{"class":3251},[52,106625,3336],{"class":66},[52,106627,3339],{"class":103},[52,106629,91],{"class":66},[52,106631,1378],{"class":103},[52,106633,91],{"class":66},[52,106635,2801],{"class":103},[52,106637,91],{"class":66},[52,106639,2807],{"class":103},[52,106641,2144],{"class":66},[38,106643,2240],{"id":2239},[234,106645,106646,106650,106654,106658,106662],{},[237,106647,106648],{},[257,106649,96482],{"href":96481},[237,106651,106652],{},[257,106653,104646],{"href":96485},[237,106655,106656],{},[257,106657,100498],{"href":105497},[237,106659,106660],{},[257,106661,105204],{"href":64998},[237,106663,106664],{},[257,106665,106340],{"href":106339},[2278,106667,106668],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":106670},[106671,106672,106673,106674,106675,106681,106682,106683,106691,106701,106702,106710],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":104822,"depth":110,"text":104823},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":105207,"depth":110,"text":105208},{"id":105394,"depth":110,"text":105395,"children":106676},[106677,106678,106679,106680],{"id":105398,"depth":131,"text":105399},{"id":105500,"depth":131,"text":105501},{"id":105584,"depth":131,"text":105585},{"id":105676,"depth":131,"text":105677},{"id":105744,"depth":110,"text":105745},{"id":105958,"depth":110,"text":105959},{"id":106067,"depth":110,"text":106068,"children":106684},[106685,106687,106689],{"id":106074,"depth":131,"text":106686},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106127,"depth":131,"text":106688},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106192,"depth":131,"text":106690},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":106692},[106693,106694,106696,106697,106699],{"id":100031,"depth":131,"text":100539},{"id":106307,"depth":131,"text":106695},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106343,"depth":131,"text":106344},{"id":106381,"depth":131,"text":106698},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106390,"depth":131,"text":106700},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60859,"depth":110,"text":60860},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":106703},[106704,106705,106706,106707,106708],{"id":106494,"depth":131,"text":106495},{"id":106501,"depth":131,"text":106502},{"id":106513,"depth":131,"text":106514},{"id":106520,"depth":131,"text":106521},{"id":106595,"depth":131,"text":106709},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104704,"description":106711},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106718,"title":106719,"body":106720,"description":108235,"extension":2310,"meta":108236,"navigation":134,"path":108237,"seo":108238,"stem":108239,"__hash__":108240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106721,"toc":108211},[106722,106728,106733,106736,106819,106824,106829,106834,106836,106849,106853,106855,106874,106877,106900,106903,106914,106916,106997,106999,107016,107018,107024,107027,107122,107124,107155,107157,107165,107167,107170,107281,107283,107308,107310,107332,107337,107342,107348,107457,107459,107475,107478,107481,107564,107566,107583,107591,107593,107597,107603,107694,107696,107729,107734,107741,107818,107820,107837,107843,107845,107849,107865,107868,107894,107896,107957,107959,108082,108084,108135,108141,108143,108148,108150,108156,108159,108163,108166,108170,108173,108183,108185,108208],[10,106723,3928,106725,18],{"id":106724},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106726,106727],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106729,2327,106730,106732],{},[15,106731,106727],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106734,106735],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[43,106737,106739],{"className":45,"code":106738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106740,106741,106761,106781,106785,106804,106814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106742,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106744,2905],{"class":58},[52,106746,63],{"class":62},[52,106748,67],{"class":66},[52,106750,3339],{"class":103},[52,106752,91],{"class":66},[52,106754,1378],{"class":103},[52,106756,91],{"class":66},[52,106758,2801],{"class":103},[52,106760,107],{"class":66},[52,106762,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106764,2933],{"class":58},[52,106766,63],{"class":62},[52,106768,67],{"class":66},[52,106770,2404],{"class":103},[52,106772,91],{"class":66},[52,106774,2801],{"class":103},[52,106776,91],{"class":66},[52,106778,2807],{"class":103},[52,106780,107],{"class":66},[52,106782,106783],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106784,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,106786,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106798,106800,106802],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,106788,2577],{"class":58},[52,106790,63],{"class":62},[52,106792,57036],{"class":58},[52,106794,121],{"class":66},[52,106796,106797],{"class":124},"intersection",[52,106799,145],{"class":66},[52,106801,345],{"class":124},[52,106803,151],{"class":66},[52,106805,106806,106808,106810,106812],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,106807,142],{"class":141},[52,106809,145],{"class":66},[52,106811,2612],{"class":124},[52,106813,151],{"class":66},[52,106815,106816],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,106817,106818],{"class":4017},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106820,222,106821,106823],{},[15,106822,102945],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[38,106825,229,106827,232],{"id":106826},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106828,102945],{},[20,106830,106831,106833],{},[15,106832,102945],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106835,293],{},[234,106837,106838,106841,106843,106846],{},[237,106839,106840],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[237,106842,100715],{},[237,106844,106845],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[237,106847,106848],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106850,96478,106851,121],{},[257,106852,96482],{"href":96481},[38,106854,269],{"id":268},[43,106856,106858],{"className":45,"code":106857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106859,106860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106861,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106863,100739],{"class":58},[52,106865,121],{"class":66},[52,106867,106797],{"class":124},[52,106869,145],{"class":66},[52,106871,100748],{"class":124},[52,106873,151],{"class":66},[20,106875,106876],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[43,106878,106880],{"className":45,"code":106879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106881,106882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106883,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106885,100739],{"class":58},[52,106887,121],{"class":66},[52,106889,106797],{"class":124},[52,106891,145],{"class":66},[52,106893,100748],{"class":124},[52,106895,91],{"class":66},[52,106897,100775],{"class":124},[52,106899,151],{"class":66},[20,106901,106902],{},"Important notes:",[234,106904,106905,106908,106911],{},[237,106906,106907],{},"The result is always a new set",[237,106909,106910],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[237,106912,106913],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106915,309],{},[43,106917,106919],{"className":45,"code":106918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106920,106921,106945,106965,106969,106987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106922,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106924,2905],{"class":58},[52,106926,63],{"class":62},[52,106928,67],{"class":66},[52,106930,3339],{"class":103},[52,106932,91],{"class":66},[52,106934,1378],{"class":103},[52,106936,91],{"class":66},[52,106938,2801],{"class":103},[52,106940,91],{"class":66},[52,106942,2807],{"class":103},[52,106944,107],{"class":66},[52,106946,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,106948,2933],{"class":58},[52,106950,63],{"class":62},[52,106952,67],{"class":66},[52,106954,2410],{"class":103},[52,106956,91],{"class":66},[52,106958,2807],{"class":103},[52,106960,91],{"class":66},[52,106962,4959],{"class":103},[52,106964,107],{"class":66},[52,106966,106967],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106968,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,106970,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,106972,2577],{"class":58},[52,106974,63],{"class":62},[52,106976,57036],{"class":58},[52,106978,121],{"class":66},[52,106980,106797],{"class":124},[52,106982,145],{"class":66},[52,106984,345],{"class":124},[52,106986,151],{"class":66},[52,106988,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,106990,142],{"class":141},[52,106992,145],{"class":66},[52,106994,2612],{"class":124},[52,106996,151],{"class":66},[20,106998,173],{},[43,107000,107002],{"className":45,"code":107001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107003,107004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107005,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107007,183],{"class":66},[52,107009,2410],{"class":103},[52,107011,91],{"class":66},[52,107013,2807],{"class":103},[52,107015,107],{"class":66},[38,107017,17546],{"id":17545},[20,107019,107020,22105,107022,121],{},[15,107021,102945],{},[33,107023,6641],{},[20,107025,107026],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[43,107028,107030],{"className":45,"code":107029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107031,107032,107052,107072,107076,107094,107098,107108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107033,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107035,2905],{"class":58},[52,107037,63],{"class":62},[52,107039,67],{"class":66},[52,107041,3339],{"class":103},[52,107043,91],{"class":66},[52,107045,1378],{"class":103},[52,107047,91],{"class":66},[52,107049,2801],{"class":103},[52,107051,107],{"class":66},[52,107053,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107055,2933],{"class":58},[52,107057,63],{"class":62},[52,107059,67],{"class":66},[52,107061,2404],{"class":103},[52,107063,91],{"class":66},[52,107065,2801],{"class":103},[52,107067,91],{"class":66},[52,107069,2807],{"class":103},[52,107071,107],{"class":66},[52,107073,107074],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107075,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107077,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107079,2577],{"class":58},[52,107081,63],{"class":62},[52,107083,57036],{"class":58},[52,107085,121],{"class":66},[52,107087,106797],{"class":124},[52,107089,145],{"class":66},[52,107091,345],{"class":124},[52,107093,151],{"class":66},[52,107095,107096],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,107097,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107099,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,107101,142],{"class":141},[52,107103,145],{"class":66},[52,107105,2612],{"class":124},[52,107107,151],{"class":66},[52,107109,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,107111,142],{"class":141},[52,107113,145],{"class":66},[52,107115,3573],{"class":3251},[52,107117,145],{"class":66},[52,107119,2612],{"class":124},[52,107121,2120],{"class":66},[20,107123,173],{},[43,107125,107127],{"className":45,"code":107126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107128,107129,107141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107130,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107132,183],{"class":66},[52,107134,2404],{"class":103},[52,107136,91],{"class":66},[52,107138,2801],{"class":103},[52,107140,107],{"class":66},[52,107142,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107144,3642],{"class":62},[52,107146,3645],{"class":2413},[52,107148,195],{"class":70},[52,107150,6641],{"class":74},[52,107152,186],{"class":70},[52,107154,3654],{"class":62},[20,107156,85963],{},[234,107158,107159,107162],{},[237,107160,107161],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[237,107163,107164],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[38,107166,438],{"id":437},[20,107168,107169],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[43,107171,107173],{"className":45,"code":107172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107174,107175,107208,107241,107245,107266,107270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107176,107177,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107178,107179],{"class":58},"colors1 ",[52,107181,63],{"class":62},[52,107183,67],{"class":66},[52,107185,71],{"class":70},[52,107187,336],{"class":74},[52,107189,71],{"class":70},[52,107191,91],{"class":66},[52,107193,83],{"class":70},[52,107195,354],{"class":74},[52,107197,71],{"class":70},[52,107199,91],{"class":66},[52,107201,83],{"class":70},[52,107203,17583],{"class":74},[52,107205,71],{"class":70},[52,107207,107],{"class":66},[52,107209,107210,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107211,107212],{"class":58},"colors2 ",[52,107214,63],{"class":62},[52,107216,67],{"class":66},[52,107218,71],{"class":70},[52,107220,17583],{"class":74},[52,107222,71],{"class":70},[52,107224,91],{"class":66},[52,107226,83],{"class":70},[52,107228,22654],{"class":74},[52,107230,71],{"class":70},[52,107232,91],{"class":66},[52,107234,83],{"class":70},[52,107236,354],{"class":74},[52,107238,71],{"class":70},[52,107240,107],{"class":66},[52,107242,107243],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107244,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107246,107247,107250,107252,107255,107257,107259,107261,107264],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107248,107249],{"class":58},"common_colors ",[52,107251,63],{"class":62},[52,107253,107254],{"class":58}," colors1",[52,107256,121],{"class":66},[52,107258,106797],{"class":124},[52,107260,145],{"class":66},[52,107262,107263],{"class":124},"colors2",[52,107265,151],{"class":66},[52,107267,107268],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,107269,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107271,107272,107274,107276,107279],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,107273,142],{"class":141},[52,107275,145],{"class":66},[52,107277,107278],{"class":124},"common_colors",[52,107280,151],{"class":66},[20,107282,173],{},[43,107284,107286],{"className":45,"code":107285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107287,107288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107289,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107291,183],{"class":66},[52,107293,186],{"class":70},[52,107295,354],{"class":74},[52,107297,186],{"class":70},[52,107299,91],{"class":66},[52,107301,195],{"class":70},[52,107303,17583],{"class":74},[52,107305,186],{"class":70},[52,107307,107],{"class":66},[20,107309,12017],{},[234,107311,107312,107318,107322,107327],{},[237,107313,107314,107317],{},[15,107315,107316],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[237,107319,107320,107317],{},[15,107321,107263],{},[237,107323,107324,107326],{},[15,107325,102945],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[237,107328,107329,107330],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107331,107278],{},[38,107333,1326,107335,101312],{"id":107334},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107336,102945],{},[20,107338,107339,107340,121],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107341,102945],{},[20,107343,107344,107345,107347],{},"Only the values found in ",[33,107346,4070],{}," inputs will be kept.",[43,107349,107351],{"className":45,"code":107350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107352,107353,107377,107401,107421,107425,107447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107354,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107356,2905],{"class":58},[52,107358,63],{"class":62},[52,107360,67],{"class":66},[52,107362,3339],{"class":103},[52,107364,91],{"class":66},[52,107366,1378],{"class":103},[52,107368,91],{"class":66},[52,107370,2801],{"class":103},[52,107372,91],{"class":66},[52,107374,2807],{"class":103},[52,107376,107],{"class":66},[52,107378,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107380,2933],{"class":58},[52,107382,63],{"class":62},[52,107384,67],{"class":66},[52,107386,2404],{"class":103},[52,107388,91],{"class":66},[52,107390,2801],{"class":103},[52,107392,91],{"class":66},[52,107394,2807],{"class":103},[52,107396,91],{"class":66},[52,107398,4959],{"class":103},[52,107400,107],{"class":66},[52,107402,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107404,83337],{"class":58},[52,107406,63],{"class":62},[52,107408,67],{"class":66},[52,107410,2410],{"class":103},[52,107412,91],{"class":66},[52,107414,2807],{"class":103},[52,107416,91],{"class":66},[52,107418,37784],{"class":103},[52,107420,107],{"class":66},[52,107422,107423],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107424,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107426,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,107428,2577],{"class":58},[52,107430,63],{"class":62},[52,107432,57036],{"class":58},[52,107434,121],{"class":66},[52,107436,106797],{"class":124},[52,107438,145],{"class":66},[52,107440,345],{"class":124},[52,107442,91],{"class":66},[52,107444,10029],{"class":124},[52,107446,151],{"class":66},[52,107448,107449,107451,107453,107455],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,107450,142],{"class":141},[52,107452,145],{"class":66},[52,107454,2612],{"class":124},[52,107456,151],{"class":66},[20,107458,173],{},[43,107460,107461],{"className":45,"code":107001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,107462,107463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107464,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107466,183],{"class":66},[52,107468,2410],{"class":103},[52,107470,91],{"class":66},[52,107472,2807],{"class":103},[52,107474,107],{"class":66},[20,107476,107477],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107479,107480],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[43,107482,107484],{"className":45,"code":107483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107485,107486,107510,107514,107554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107487,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107489,2905],{"class":58},[52,107491,63],{"class":62},[52,107493,67],{"class":66},[52,107495,3339],{"class":103},[52,107497,91],{"class":66},[52,107499,1378],{"class":103},[52,107501,91],{"class":66},[52,107503,2801],{"class":103},[52,107505,91],{"class":66},[52,107507,2807],{"class":103},[52,107509,107],{"class":66},[52,107511,107512],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107513,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107515,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107517,2577],{"class":58},[52,107519,63],{"class":62},[52,107521,57036],{"class":58},[52,107523,121],{"class":66},[52,107525,106797],{"class":124},[52,107527,3336],{"class":66},[52,107529,2404],{"class":103},[52,107531,91],{"class":66},[52,107533,2807],{"class":103},[52,107535,91],{"class":66},[52,107537,37784],{"class":103},[52,107539,18190],{"class":66},[52,107541,9588],{"class":66},[52,107543,3339],{"class":103},[52,107545,91],{"class":66},[52,107547,1378],{"class":103},[52,107549,91],{"class":66},[52,107551,2807],{"class":103},[52,107553,2120],{"class":66},[52,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107557,142],{"class":141},[52,107559,145],{"class":66},[52,107561,2612],{"class":124},[52,107563,151],{"class":66},[20,107565,173],{},[43,107567,107569],{"className":45,"code":107568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107570,107571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107572,107573,107575,107577,107579,107581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107574,183],{"class":66},[52,107576,2404],{"class":103},[52,107578,91],{"class":66},[52,107580,2807],{"class":103},[52,107582,107],{"class":66},[38,107584,107586,10931,107588],{"id":107585},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107587,102945],{},[15,107589,107590],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107592,101482],{},[1335,107594,107595],{"id":106797},[15,107596,102945],{},[234,107598,107599,107601],{},[237,107600,101491],{},[237,107602,101494],{},[43,107604,107606],{"className":45,"code":107605,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107607,107608,107628,107648,107652,107670,107674,107684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107609,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107611,2905],{"class":58},[52,107613,63],{"class":62},[52,107615,67],{"class":66},[52,107617,3339],{"class":103},[52,107619,91],{"class":66},[52,107621,1378],{"class":103},[52,107623,91],{"class":66},[52,107625,2801],{"class":103},[52,107627,107],{"class":66},[52,107629,107630,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644,107646],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107631,2933],{"class":58},[52,107633,63],{"class":62},[52,107635,67],{"class":66},[52,107637,2404],{"class":103},[52,107639,91],{"class":66},[52,107641,2801],{"class":103},[52,107643,91],{"class":66},[52,107645,2807],{"class":103},[52,107647,107],{"class":66},[52,107649,107650],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107651,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107653,107654,107656,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107655,2577],{"class":58},[52,107657,63],{"class":62},[52,107659,57036],{"class":58},[52,107661,121],{"class":66},[52,107663,106797],{"class":124},[52,107665,145],{"class":66},[52,107667,345],{"class":124},[52,107669,151],{"class":66},[52,107671,107672],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,107673,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107675,107676,107678,107680,107682],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,107677,142],{"class":141},[52,107679,145],{"class":66},[52,107681,257],{"class":124},[52,107683,151],{"class":66},[52,107685,107686,107688,107690,107692],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,107687,142],{"class":141},[52,107689,145],{"class":66},[52,107691,2612],{"class":124},[52,107693,151],{"class":66},[20,107695,173],{},[43,107697,107699],{"className":45,"code":107698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107700,107701,107717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107702,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107704,183],{"class":66},[52,107706,3339],{"class":103},[52,107708,91],{"class":66},[52,107710,1378],{"class":103},[52,107712,91],{"class":66},[52,107714,2801],{"class":103},[52,107716,107],{"class":66},[52,107718,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107720,183],{"class":66},[52,107722,2404],{"class":103},[52,107724,91],{"class":66},[52,107726,2801],{"class":103},[52,107728,107],{"class":66},[1335,107730,107732],{"id":107731},"intersection_update",[15,107733,107590],{},[234,107735,107736,107738],{},[237,107737,101634],{},[237,107739,107740],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[43,107742,107744],{"className":45,"code":107743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107745,107746,107766,107786,107790,107804,107808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107747,107748,107750,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107749,2905],{"class":58},[52,107751,63],{"class":62},[52,107753,67],{"class":66},[52,107755,3339],{"class":103},[52,107757,91],{"class":66},[52,107759,1378],{"class":103},[52,107761,91],{"class":66},[52,107763,2801],{"class":103},[52,107765,107],{"class":66},[52,107767,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107769,2933],{"class":58},[52,107771,63],{"class":62},[52,107773,67],{"class":66},[52,107775,2404],{"class":103},[52,107777,91],{"class":66},[52,107779,2801],{"class":103},[52,107781,91],{"class":66},[52,107783,2807],{"class":103},[52,107785,107],{"class":66},[52,107787,107788],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107789,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107791,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107793,257],{"class":58},[52,107795,121],{"class":66},[52,107797,107731],{"class":124},[52,107799,145],{"class":66},[52,107801,345],{"class":124},[52,107803,151],{"class":66},[52,107805,107806],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,107807,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,107811,142],{"class":141},[52,107813,145],{"class":66},[52,107815,257],{"class":124},[52,107817,151],{"class":66},[20,107819,173],{},[43,107821,107823],{"className":45,"code":107822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107824,107825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107826,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107828,183],{"class":66},[52,107830,2404],{"class":103},[52,107832,91],{"class":66},[52,107834,2801],{"class":103},[52,107836,107],{"class":66},[20,107838,107839,107840,107842],{},"Choose ",[15,107841,102945],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[38,107844,4873],{"id":4872},[20,107846,2025,107847,80],{},[15,107848,102945],{},[234,107850,107851,107854,107857,107860],{},[237,107852,107853],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[237,107855,107856],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[237,107858,107859],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[237,107861,107862,107863],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107864,102945],{},[20,107866,107867],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[234,107869,107870,107875,107878,107891],{},[237,107871,1326,107872,107874],{},[15,107873,102945],{}," when order matters",[237,107876,107877],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[237,107879,37344,107880,9059,107882,261,107887],{},[15,107881,102945],{},[257,107883,107885],{"href":107884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107886,102953],{},[257,107888,107889],{"href":102994},[15,107890,100568],{},[237,107892,107893],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107895,30269],{},[43,107897,107899],{"className":45,"code":107898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107900,107901,107911,107925,107943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107904,142],{"class":141},[52,107906,145],{"class":66},[52,107908,15792],{"class":124},[52,107910,151],{"class":66},[52,107912,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107914,142],{"class":141},[52,107916,145],{"class":66},[52,107918,3573],{"class":3251},[52,107920,145],{"class":66},[52,107922,2612],{"class":124},[52,107924,2120],{"class":66},[52,107926,107927,107929,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107928,142],{"class":141},[52,107930,145],{"class":66},[52,107932,100739],{"class":124},[52,107934,121],{"class":66},[52,107936,106797],{"class":124},[52,107938,145],{"class":66},[52,107940,100748],{"class":124},[52,107942,2120],{"class":66},[52,107944,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107946,142],{"class":141},[52,107948,145],{"class":66},[52,107950,11505],{"class":141},[52,107952,145],{"class":66},[52,107954,2612],{"class":124},[52,107956,2120],{"class":66},[20,107958,309],{},[43,107960,107962],{"className":45,"code":107961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107963,107964,107988,108008,108012,108030,108034,108044,108054,108068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107965,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107967,3971],{"class":58},[52,107969,63],{"class":62},[52,107971,67],{"class":66},[52,107973,3339],{"class":103},[52,107975,91],{"class":66},[52,107977,1378],{"class":103},[52,107979,91],{"class":66},[52,107981,1378],{"class":103},[52,107983,91],{"class":66},[52,107985,2801],{"class":103},[52,107987,107],{"class":66},[52,107989,107990,107992,107994,107996,107998,108000,108002,108004,108006],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,107991,43693],{"class":58},[52,107993,63],{"class":62},[52,107995,67],{"class":66},[52,107997,2404],{"class":103},[52,107999,91],{"class":66},[52,108001,2801],{"class":103},[52,108003,91],{"class":66},[52,108005,2807],{"class":103},[52,108007,107],{"class":66},[52,108009,108010],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108011,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108013,108014,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108015,2577],{"class":58},[52,108017,63],{"class":62},[52,108019,4617],{"class":58},[52,108021,121],{"class":66},[52,108023,106797],{"class":124},[52,108025,145],{"class":66},[52,108027,30877],{"class":124},[52,108029,151],{"class":66},[52,108031,108032],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,108033,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,108037,142],{"class":141},[52,108039,145],{"class":66},[52,108041,4001],{"class":124},[52,108043,151],{"class":66},[52,108045,108046,108048,108050,108052],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,108047,142],{"class":141},[52,108049,145],{"class":66},[52,108051,2612],{"class":124},[52,108053,151],{"class":66},[52,108055,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,108057,142],{"class":141},[52,108059,145],{"class":66},[52,108061,3573],{"class":3251},[52,108063,145],{"class":66},[52,108065,2612],{"class":124},[52,108067,2120],{"class":66},[52,108069,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,108071,142],{"class":141},[52,108073,145],{"class":66},[52,108075,11505],{"class":141},[52,108077,145],{"class":66},[52,108079,2612],{"class":124},[52,108081,2120],{"class":66},[20,108083,173],{},[43,108085,108087],{"className":45,"code":108086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108088,108089,108105,108117,108131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108090,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108092,183],{"class":66},[52,108094,3339],{"class":103},[52,108096,91],{"class":66},[52,108098,1378],{"class":103},[52,108100,91],{"class":66},[52,108102,2801],{"class":103},[52,108104,107],{"class":66},[52,108106,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108108,183],{"class":66},[52,108110,2404],{"class":103},[52,108112,91],{"class":66},[52,108114,2801],{"class":103},[52,108116,107],{"class":66},[52,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108120,3642],{"class":62},[52,108122,3645],{"class":2413},[52,108124,195],{"class":70},[52,108126,6641],{"class":74},[52,108128,186],{"class":70},[52,108130,3654],{"class":62},[52,108132,108133],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108134,17183],{"class":103},[20,108136,108137,108138,108140],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108139,2404],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,108142,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,108144,2195,108146,102893],{"id":108145},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108147,102945],{},[20,108149,102896],{},[1335,108151,5523,108153,108155],{"id":108152},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108154,102945],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108157,108158],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1335,108160,108162],{"id":108161},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108164,108165],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1335,108167,108169],{"id":108168},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108171,108172],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[43,108174,108175],{"className":45,"code":97612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108176,108177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108178,108179,108181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108180,6641],{"class":3251},[52,108182,128],{"class":66},[38,108184,2240],{"id":2239},[234,108186,108187,108191,108198,108204],{},[237,108188,108189],{},[257,108190,96482],{"href":96481},[237,108192,108193],{},[257,108194,3928,108195,2264],{"href":107884},[15,108196,108197],{},"set.union()",[237,108199,108200],{},[257,108201,3928,108202,2264],{"href":102994},[15,108203,100573],{},[237,108205,108206],{},[257,108207,100498],{"href":105497},[2278,108209,108210],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":108212},[108213,108215,108216,108217,108218,108220,108225,108226,108234],{"id":106826,"depth":110,"text":108214},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":107334,"depth":110,"text":108219},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107585,"depth":110,"text":108221,"children":108222},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108223,108224],{"id":106797,"depth":131,"text":102945},{"id":107731,"depth":131,"text":107590},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":108227},[108228,108230,108232,108233],{"id":108145,"depth":131,"text":108229},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108152,"depth":131,"text":108231},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108161,"depth":131,"text":108162},{"id":108168,"depth":131,"text":108169},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106719,"description":108235},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108242,"title":108243,"body":108244,"description":109480,"extension":2310,"meta":109481,"navigation":134,"path":109482,"seo":109483,"stem":109484,"__hash__":109485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108245,"toc":109447},[108246,108251,108257,108266,108268,108343,108348,108363,108373,108378,108382,108395,108399,108401,108416,108418,108434,108436,108511,108515,108518,108520,108537,108542,108597,108602,108614,108618,108621,108722,108724,108765,108768,108772,108779,108781,108806,108809,108827,108834,108840,108843,108925,108932,108935,109015,109024,109027,109032,109036,109050,109099,109104,109108,109119,109168,109179,109184,109188,109200,109249,109260,109262,109266,109289,109291,109348,109350,109364,109366,109372,109378,109384,109393,109397,109404,109408,109416,109418,109444],[10,108247,96354,108249,18],{"id":108248},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108250,13087],{},[20,108252,108253,108256],{},[15,108254,108255],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108258,108259,108260,108262,108263,108265],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[33,108261,1332],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108264,13087],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[38,108267,41],{"id":40},[43,108269,108271],{"className":45,"code":108270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108272,108273,108305,108319,108323,108333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108274,108275,108277,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108276,8133],{"class":58},[52,108278,63],{"class":62},[52,108280,67],{"class":66},[52,108282,71],{"class":70},[52,108284,4432],{"class":74},[52,108286,71],{"class":70},[52,108288,91],{"class":66},[52,108290,83],{"class":70},[52,108292,4441],{"class":74},[52,108294,71],{"class":70},[52,108296,91],{"class":66},[52,108298,83],{"class":70},[52,108300,4450],{"class":74},[52,108302,71],{"class":70},[52,108304,107],{"class":66},[52,108306,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108308,70085],{"class":58},[52,108310,63],{"class":62},[52,108312,6320],{"class":58},[52,108314,121],{"class":66},[52,108316,26373],{"class":124},[52,108318,128],{"class":66},[52,108320,108321],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108322,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108324,108325,108327,108329,108331],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108326,142],{"class":141},[52,108328,145],{"class":66},[52,108330,70108],{"class":124},[52,108332,151],{"class":66},[52,108334,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,108336,142],{"class":141},[52,108338,145],{"class":66},[52,108340,8163],{"class":124},[52,108342,151],{"class":66},[20,108344,108345],{},[33,108346,108347],{},"What this does:",[234,108349,108350,108355,108360],{},[237,108351,108352,108353],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108354,8163],{},[237,108356,108357,108358],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108359,70108],{},[237,108361,108362],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108364,108365,89114,108367,108369,108370,108372],{},[33,108366,83972],{},[15,108368,108255],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[33,108371,1332],{}," chosen by index.",[38,108374,4031,108376,4034],{"id":108375},"what-setpop-does",[15,108377,108255],{},[20,108379,108380,80],{},[15,108381,108255],{},[234,108383,108384,108386,108389,108392],{},[237,108385,103196],{},[237,108387,108388],{},"Returns the removed item",[237,108390,108391],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[237,108393,108394],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108396,96478,108397,121],{},[257,108398,96482],{"href":97653},[38,108400,269],{"id":268},[43,108402,108404],{"className":45,"code":108403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108405,108406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108407,108408,108410,108412,108414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108409,15792],{"class":58},[52,108411,121],{"class":66},[52,108413,26373],{"class":124},[52,108415,128],{"class":66},[20,108417,293],{},[234,108419,108420,108426,108431],{},[237,108421,108422,108423],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108424,108425],{},"my_set.pop()",[237,108427,108428,108429],{},"It takes ",[33,108430,28821],{},[237,108432,108433],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108435,309],{},[43,108437,108439],{"className":45,"code":108438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108440,108441,108473,108487,108491,108501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108442,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451,108453,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108444,319],{"class":58},[52,108446,63],{"class":62},[52,108448,67],{"class":66},[52,108450,71],{"class":70},[52,108452,336],{"class":74},[52,108454,71],{"class":70},[52,108456,91],{"class":66},[52,108458,83],{"class":70},[52,108460,354],{"class":74},[52,108462,71],{"class":70},[52,108464,91],{"class":66},[52,108466,83],{"class":70},[52,108468,17583],{"class":74},[52,108470,71],{"class":70},[52,108472,107],{"class":66},[52,108474,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108476,28671],{"class":58},[52,108478,63],{"class":62},[52,108480,368],{"class":58},[52,108482,121],{"class":66},[52,108484,26373],{"class":124},[52,108486,128],{"class":66},[52,108488,108489],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108490,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108492,108493,108495,108497,108499],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108494,142],{"class":141},[52,108496,145],{"class":66},[52,108498,23441],{"class":124},[52,108500,151],{"class":66},[52,108502,108503,108505,108507,108509],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,108504,142],{"class":141},[52,108506,145],{"class":66},[52,108508,17630],{"class":124},[52,108510,151],{"class":66},[38,108512,108514],{"id":108513},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108516,108517],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108519,694],{},[234,108521,108522,108528,108531],{},[237,108523,108524,108525,108527],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108526,13087],{}," removes",[237,108529,108530],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[237,108532,108533,108534,108536],{},"You should not use ",[15,108535,13087],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108538,10807,108539,108541],{},[33,108540,1332],{}," valid:",[43,108543,108545],{"className":45,"code":108544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108546,108547,108579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108548,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108550,36378],{"class":58},[52,108552,63],{"class":62},[52,108554,67],{"class":66},[52,108556,71],{"class":70},[52,108558,4432],{"class":74},[52,108560,71],{"class":70},[52,108562,91],{"class":66},[52,108564,83],{"class":70},[52,108566,4441],{"class":74},[52,108568,71],{"class":70},[52,108570,91],{"class":66},[52,108572,83],{"class":70},[52,108574,4450],{"class":74},[52,108576,71],{"class":70},[52,108578,107],{"class":66},[52,108580,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108582,36430],{"class":58},[52,108584,121],{"class":66},[52,108586,26373],{"class":124},[52,108588,145],{"class":66},[52,108590,71],{"class":70},[52,108592,4432],{"class":74},[52,108594,71],{"class":70},[52,108596,151],{"class":66},[20,108598,39795,108599,108601],{},[15,108600,108255],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108603,108604,108605,261,108609,121],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[257,108606,108607],{"href":98363},[15,108608,103022],{},[257,108610,108612],{"href":108611},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108613,103013],{},[38,108615,108617],{"id":108616},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108619,108620],{},"Here is a simple example:",[43,108622,108624],{"className":45,"code":108623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108625,108626,108660,108664,108680,108684,108703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108627,108628,108631,108633,108635,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653,108656,108658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108629,108630],{"class":58},"animals ",[52,108632,63],{"class":62},[52,108634,67],{"class":66},[52,108636,71],{"class":70},[52,108638,37187],{"class":74},[52,108640,71],{"class":70},[52,108642,91],{"class":66},[52,108644,83],{"class":70},[52,108646,58276],{"class":74},[52,108648,71],{"class":70},[52,108650,91],{"class":66},[52,108652,83],{"class":70},[52,108654,108655],{"class":74},"rabbit",[52,108657,71],{"class":70},[52,108659,107],{"class":66},[52,108661,108662],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108663,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108665,108666,108669,108671,108674,108676,108678],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108667,108668],{"class":58},"removed_animal ",[52,108670,63],{"class":62},[52,108672,108673],{"class":58}," animals",[52,108675,121],{"class":66},[52,108677,26373],{"class":124},[52,108679,128],{"class":66},[52,108681,108682],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108683,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108685,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696,108698,108701],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,108687,142],{"class":141},[52,108689,145],{"class":66},[52,108691,71],{"class":70},[52,108693,29089],{"class":74},[52,108695,71],{"class":70},[52,108697,91],{"class":66},[52,108699,108700],{"class":124}," removed_animal",[52,108702,151],{"class":66},[52,108704,108705,108707,108709,108711,108714,108716,108718,108720],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,108706,142],{"class":141},[52,108708,145],{"class":66},[52,108710,71],{"class":70},[52,108712,108713],{"class":74},"Updated set:",[52,108715,71],{"class":70},[52,108717,91],{"class":66},[52,108719,108673],{"class":124},[52,108721,151],{"class":66},[20,108723,30163],{},[43,108725,108727],{"className":45,"code":108726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108728,108729,108738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108730,108731,108733,108735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108732,29131],{"class":58},[52,108734,80],{"class":66},[52,108736,108737],{"class":58}," dog\n",[52,108739,108740,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759,108761,108763],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108741,108742],{"class":58},"Updated ",[52,108744,6641],{"class":3251},[52,108746,80],{"class":66},[52,108748,67],{"class":66},[52,108750,186],{"class":70},[52,108752,37187],{"class":74},[52,108754,186],{"class":70},[52,108756,91],{"class":66},[52,108758,195],{"class":70},[52,108760,108655],{"class":74},[52,108762,186],{"class":70},[52,108764,107],{"class":66},[20,108766,108767],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[38,108769,108771],{"id":108770},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108773,29783,108774,108776,108777,121],{},[15,108775,13087],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108778,19816],{},[20,108780,309],{},[43,108782,108784],{"className":45,"code":108783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108785,108786,108796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108787,108788,108790,108792,108794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108789,8133],{"class":58},[52,108791,63],{"class":62},[52,108793,15759],{"class":3251},[52,108795,128],{"class":66},[52,108797,108798,108800,108802,108804],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108799,8163],{"class":58},[52,108801,121],{"class":66},[52,108803,26373],{"class":124},[52,108805,128],{"class":66},[20,108807,108808],{},"This raises:",[43,108810,108812],{"className":45,"code":108811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108813,108814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108815,108816,108818,108820,108822,108825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108817,19816],{"class":3251},[52,108819,80],{"class":66},[52,108821,195],{"class":70},[52,108823,108824],{"class":74},"pop from an empty set",[52,108826,29833],{"class":70},[20,108828,108829,108830,108833],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[257,108831,108832],{"href":11418},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1335,108835,108837,108838],{"id":108836},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108839,13087],{},[20,108841,108842],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[43,108844,108846],{"className":45,"code":108845,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108847,108848,108858,108862,108870,108885,108904,108910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108851,8133],{"class":58},[52,108853,63],{"class":62},[52,108855,15759],{"class":3251},[52,108857,128],{"class":66},[52,108859,108860],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108861,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108863,108864,108866,108868],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108865,7350],{"class":163},[52,108867,6320],{"class":58},[52,108869,6748],{"class":66},[52,108871,108872,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108873,108874],{"class":58},"    removed ",[52,108876,63],{"class":62},[52,108878,6320],{"class":58},[52,108880,121],{"class":66},[52,108882,26373],{"class":124},[52,108884,128],{"class":66},[52,108886,108887,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897,108899,108902],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,108888,8423],{"class":141},[52,108890,145],{"class":66},[52,108892,71],{"class":70},[52,108894,29089],{"class":74},[52,108896,71],{"class":70},[52,108898,91],{"class":66},[52,108900,108901],{"class":124}," removed",[52,108903,151],{"class":66},[52,108905,108906,108908],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,108907,27566],{"class":163},[52,108909,6748],{"class":66},[52,108911,108912,108914,108916,108918,108921,108923],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,108913,8423],{"class":141},[52,108915,145],{"class":66},[52,108917,71],{"class":70},[52,108919,108920],{"class":74},"The set is empty.",[52,108922,71],{"class":70},[52,108924,151],{"class":66},[1335,108926,222,108928,2218,108930],{"id":108927},"use-try-and-except",[15,108929,29937],{},[15,108931,29968],{},[20,108933,108934],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[43,108936,108938],{"className":45,"code":108937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108939,108940,108950,108954,108960,108974,108992,109000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108941,108942,108944,108946,108948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108943,8133],{"class":58},[52,108945,63],{"class":62},[52,108947,15759],{"class":3251},[52,108949,128],{"class":66},[52,108951,108952],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,108953,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,108955,108956,108958],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108957,29937],{"class":163},[52,108959,6748],{"class":66},[52,108961,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108963,108874],{"class":58},[52,108965,63],{"class":62},[52,108967,6320],{"class":58},[52,108969,121],{"class":66},[52,108971,26373],{"class":124},[52,108973,128],{"class":66},[52,108975,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,108977,8423],{"class":141},[52,108979,145],{"class":66},[52,108981,71],{"class":70},[52,108983,29089],{"class":74},[52,108985,71],{"class":70},[52,108987,91],{"class":66},[52,108989,108901],{"class":124},[52,108991,151],{"class":66},[52,108993,108994,108996,108998],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,108995,29968],{"class":163},[52,108997,29971],{"class":3251},[52,108999,6748],{"class":66},[52,109001,109002,109004,109006,109008,109011,109013],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,109003,8423],{"class":141},[52,109005,145],{"class":66},[52,109007,71],{"class":70},[52,109009,109010],{"class":74},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[52,109012,71],{"class":70},[52,109014,151],{"class":66},[38,109016,1063,109018,10931,109020,10931,109022],{"id":109017},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109019,13087],{},[15,109021,55677],{},[15,109023,103008],{},[20,109025,109026],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1335,109028,222,109030],{"id":109029},"use-pop",[15,109031,13087],{},[20,109033,222,109034,1070],{},[15,109035,13087],{},[234,109037,109038,109044,109047],{},[237,109039,109040,109041],{},"You want to remove ",[33,109042,109043],{},"any one item",[237,109045,109046],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[237,109048,109049],{},"You want the removed item returned",[43,109051,109053],{"className":45,"code":109052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109054,109055,109075,109089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109056,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109058,3971],{"class":58},[52,109060,63],{"class":62},[52,109062,67],{"class":66},[52,109064,3339],{"class":103},[52,109066,91],{"class":66},[52,109068,1378],{"class":103},[52,109070,91],{"class":66},[52,109072,2801],{"class":103},[52,109074,107],{"class":66},[52,109076,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109078,2796],{"class":58},[52,109080,63],{"class":62},[52,109082,4617],{"class":58},[52,109084,121],{"class":66},[52,109086,26373],{"class":124},[52,109088,128],{"class":66},[52,109090,109091,109093,109095,109097],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109092,142],{"class":141},[52,109094,145],{"class":66},[52,109096,2823],{"class":124},[52,109098,151],{"class":66},[1335,109100,222,109102],{"id":109101},"use-remove",[15,109103,55677],{},[20,109105,222,109106,1070],{},[15,109107,55677],{},[234,109109,109110,109116],{},[237,109111,109112,109113],{},"You want to delete a ",[33,109114,109115],{},"specific item",[237,109117,109118],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[43,109120,109122],{"className":45,"code":109121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109123,109124,109144,109158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109125,109126,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109127,3971],{"class":58},[52,109129,63],{"class":62},[52,109131,67],{"class":66},[52,109133,3339],{"class":103},[52,109135,91],{"class":66},[52,109137,1378],{"class":103},[52,109139,91],{"class":66},[52,109141,2801],{"class":103},[52,109143,107],{"class":66},[52,109145,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109147,4001],{"class":58},[52,109149,121],{"class":66},[52,109151,34931],{"class":124},[52,109153,145],{"class":66},[52,109155,2404],{"class":103},[52,109157,151],{"class":66},[52,109159,109160,109162,109164,109166],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109161,142],{"class":141},[52,109163,145],{"class":66},[52,109165,4001],{"class":124},[52,109167,151],{"class":66},[20,109169,109170,109171,109173,109174,109178],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109172,55677],{}," raises an error. See the ",[257,109175,109176,2264],{"href":98363},[15,109177,103022],{}," for details.",[1335,109180,222,109182],{"id":109181},"use-discard",[15,109183,103008],{},[20,109185,222,109186,1070],{},[15,109187,103008],{},[234,109189,109190,109194],{},[237,109191,109112,109192],{},[33,109193,109115],{},[237,109195,109196,109197,109199],{},"You do ",[33,109198,1332],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[43,109201,109203],{"className":45,"code":109202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109204,109205,109225,109239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109206,109207,109209,109211,109213,109215,109217,109219,109221,109223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109208,3971],{"class":58},[52,109210,63],{"class":62},[52,109212,67],{"class":66},[52,109214,3339],{"class":103},[52,109216,91],{"class":66},[52,109218,1378],{"class":103},[52,109220,91],{"class":66},[52,109222,2801],{"class":103},[52,109224,107],{"class":66},[52,109226,109227,109229,109231,109233,109235,109237],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109228,4001],{"class":58},[52,109230,121],{"class":66},[52,109232,103075],{"class":124},[52,109234,145],{"class":66},[52,109236,2484],{"class":103},[52,109238,151],{"class":66},[52,109240,109241,109243,109245,109247],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109242,142],{"class":141},[52,109244,145],{"class":66},[52,109246,4001],{"class":124},[52,109248,151],{"class":66},[20,109250,109251,109252,109254,109255,109259],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109253,2484],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[257,109256,109257,2264],{"href":108611},[15,109258,103013],{}," for more examples.",[38,109261,2022],{"id":2021},[20,109263,71631,109264,80],{},[15,109265,108255],{},[234,109267,109268,109274,109279,109284],{},[237,109269,109270,109271],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109272,109273],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[237,109275,8807,109276,109278],{},[15,109277,13087],{}," to remove the first or last item",[237,109280,29783,109281,109283],{},[15,109282,13087],{}," on an empty set",[237,109285,1326,109286,109288],{},[15,109287,13087],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109290,62445],{},[43,109292,109294],{"className":45,"code":109293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109295,109296,109306,109320,109334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109297,109298,109300,109302,109304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109299,142],{"class":141},[52,109301,145],{"class":66},[52,109303,15792],{"class":124},[52,109305,151],{"class":66},[52,109307,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316,109318],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109309,142],{"class":141},[52,109311,145],{"class":66},[52,109313,11505],{"class":141},[52,109315,145],{"class":66},[52,109317,15792],{"class":124},[52,109319,2120],{"class":66},[52,109321,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109323,142],{"class":141},[52,109325,145],{"class":66},[52,109327,3573],{"class":3251},[52,109329,145],{"class":66},[52,109331,15792],{"class":124},[52,109333,2120],{"class":66},[52,109335,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,109337,28671],{"class":58},[52,109339,63],{"class":62},[52,109341,97078],{"class":58},[52,109343,121],{"class":66},[52,109345,26373],{"class":124},[52,109347,128],{"class":66},[20,109349,26140],{},[234,109351,109352,109355,109358,109361],{},[237,109353,109354],{},"What values are in the set",[237,109356,109357],{},"Whether the set is empty",[237,109359,109360],{},"That the object is really a set",[237,109362,109363],{},"What value was actually removed",[38,109365,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,109367,2195,109369,109371],{"id":109368},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109370,108255],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109373,109374,109375,109377],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109376,13087],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1335,109379,109381,109382,2221],{"id":109380},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109383,108255],{},[20,109385,109386,109387,109389,109390,109392],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109388,13087],{},", set ",[15,109391,13087],{}," does not accept an index.",[1335,109394,109396],{"id":109395},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109398,71800,109399,44774,109401,109403],{},[15,109400,19816],{},[15,109402,13087],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1335,109405,109407],{"id":109406},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109409,222,109410,261,109412,2034,109414,121],{},[15,109411,55677],{},[15,109413,103008],{},[15,109415,13087],{},[38,109417,2240],{"id":2239},[234,109419,109420,109424,109430,109436,109440],{},[237,109421,109422],{},[257,109423,96482],{"href":97653},[237,109425,109426],{},[257,109427,96968,109428,2264],{"href":98363},[15,109429,55677],{},[237,109431,109432],{},[257,109433,96968,109434,2264],{"href":108611},[15,109435,103008],{},[237,109437,109438],{},[257,109439,11605],{"href":11418},[237,109441,109442],{},[257,109443,55663],{"href":55215},[2278,109445,109446],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":109448},[109449,109450,109452,109453,109454,109455,109461,109470,109471,109479],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":108375,"depth":110,"text":109451},"What set.pop() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":108513,"depth":110,"text":108514},{"id":108616,"depth":110,"text":108617},{"id":108770,"depth":110,"text":108771,"children":109456},[109457,109459],{"id":108836,"depth":131,"text":109458},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108927,"depth":131,"text":109460},"Use try and except",{"id":109017,"depth":110,"text":109462,"children":109463},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109464,109466,109468],{"id":109029,"depth":131,"text":109465},"Use pop()",{"id":109101,"depth":131,"text":109467},"Use remove()",{"id":109181,"depth":131,"text":109469},"Use discard()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":109472},[109473,109475,109477,109478],{"id":109368,"depth":131,"text":109474},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109380,"depth":131,"text":109476},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109395,"depth":131,"text":109396},{"id":109406,"depth":131,"text":109407},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108243,"description":109480},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109487,"title":109488,"body":109489,"description":110643,"extension":2310,"meta":110644,"navigation":134,"path":110645,"seo":110646,"stem":110647,"__hash__":110648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109490,"toc":110611},[109491,109496,109501,109510,109512,109577,109581,109605,109612,109617,109621,109636,109639,109641,109660,109674,109677,109725,109729,109745,109747,109820,109824,109849,109855,109863,109867,109874,109929,109934,109951,109957,109963,109968,109976,109983,109987,109995,110050,110052,110069,110073,110080,110145,110149,110182,110184,110196,110203,110205,110210,110217,110219,110288,110292,110300,110302,110366,110370,110375,110422,110427,110495,110503,110510,110513,110519,110524,110528,110530,110533,110535,110540,110545,110551,110556,110563,110571,110577,110580,110582,110608],[10,109492,96354,109494,18],{"id":109493},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109495,55677],{},[20,109497,109498,109500],{},[15,109499,103022],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109502,109503,109504,109507,109508,121],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[33,109505,109506],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109509,19816],{},[38,109511,41],{"id":40},[43,109513,109515],{"className":45,"code":109514,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109516,109517,109549,109567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109518,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109520,319],{"class":58},[52,109522,63],{"class":62},[52,109524,67],{"class":66},[52,109526,71],{"class":70},[52,109528,336],{"class":74},[52,109530,71],{"class":70},[52,109532,91],{"class":66},[52,109534,83],{"class":70},[52,109536,354],{"class":74},[52,109538,71],{"class":70},[52,109540,91],{"class":66},[52,109542,83],{"class":70},[52,109544,17583],{"class":74},[52,109546,71],{"class":70},[52,109548,107],{"class":66},[52,109550,109551,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109552,17630],{"class":58},[52,109554,121],{"class":66},[52,109556,34931],{"class":124},[52,109558,145],{"class":66},[52,109560,71],{"class":70},[52,109562,354],{"class":74},[52,109564,71],{"class":70},[52,109566,151],{"class":66},[52,109568,109569,109571,109573,109575],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109570,142],{"class":141},[52,109572,145],{"class":66},[52,109574,17630],{"class":124},[52,109576,151],{"class":66},[20,109578,109579],{},[33,109580,30163],{},[43,109582,109583],{"className":45,"code":103702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109584,109585],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109586,109587,109589,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109588,183],{"class":66},[52,109590,186],{"class":70},[52,109592,336],{"class":74},[52,109594,186],{"class":70},[52,109596,91],{"class":66},[52,109598,195],{"class":70},[52,109600,17583],{"class":74},[52,109602,186],{"class":70},[52,109604,107],{"class":66},[20,109606,222,109607,109609,109610,121],{},[15,109608,55677],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109611,19816],{},[38,109613,4031,109615,4034],{"id":109614},"what-setremove-does",[15,109616,103022],{},[20,109618,109619,80],{},[15,109620,103022],{},[234,109622,109623,109626,109628,109630],{},[237,109624,109625],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[237,109627,96469],{},[237,109629,96472],{},[237,109631,109632,109633,109635],{},"Raises ",[15,109634,19816],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109637,109638],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[38,109640,269],{"id":268},[43,109642,109644],{"className":45,"code":109643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109645,109646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109647,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109649,15792],{"class":58},[52,109651,121],{"class":66},[52,109653,34931],{"class":124},[52,109655,145],{"class":66},[52,109657,2823],{"class":124},[52,109659,151],{"class":66},[234,109661,109662,109666,109671],{},[237,109663,109664,103244],{},[15,109665,15792],{},[237,109667,109668,109670],{},[15,109669,2823],{}," is the item to remove",[237,109672,109673],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109675,109676],{},"Here is a small example:",[43,109678,109679],{"className":45,"code":109121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109680,109681,109701,109715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109682,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109684,3971],{"class":58},[52,109686,63],{"class":62},[52,109688,67],{"class":66},[52,109690,3339],{"class":103},[52,109692,91],{"class":66},[52,109694,1378],{"class":103},[52,109696,91],{"class":66},[52,109698,2801],{"class":103},[52,109700,107],{"class":66},[52,109702,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109704,4001],{"class":58},[52,109706,121],{"class":66},[52,109708,34931],{"class":124},[52,109710,145],{"class":66},[52,109712,2404],{"class":103},[52,109714,151],{"class":66},[52,109716,109717,109719,109721,109723],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109718,142],{"class":141},[52,109720,145],{"class":66},[52,109722,4001],{"class":124},[52,109724,151],{"class":66},[20,109726,109727],{},[33,109728,30163],{},[43,109730,109731],{"className":45,"code":101452,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109732,109733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109734,109735,109737,109739,109741,109743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109736,183],{"class":66},[52,109738,3339],{"class":103},[52,109740,91],{"class":66},[52,109742,2801],{"class":103},[52,109744,107],{"class":66},[38,109746,438],{"id":437},[43,109748,109750],{"className":45,"code":109749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109751,109752,109784,109788,109806,109810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109753,109754,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109755,36378],{"class":58},[52,109757,63],{"class":62},[52,109759,67],{"class":66},[52,109761,71],{"class":70},[52,109763,4432],{"class":74},[52,109765,71],{"class":70},[52,109767,91],{"class":66},[52,109769,83],{"class":70},[52,109771,4441],{"class":74},[52,109773,71],{"class":70},[52,109775,91],{"class":66},[52,109777,83],{"class":70},[52,109779,33356],{"class":74},[52,109781,71],{"class":70},[52,109783,107],{"class":66},[52,109785,109786],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109787,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,109789,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109791,36430],{"class":58},[52,109793,121],{"class":66},[52,109795,34931],{"class":124},[52,109797,145],{"class":66},[52,109799,71],{"class":70},[52,109801,4441],{"class":74},[52,109803,71],{"class":70},[52,109805,151],{"class":66},[52,109807,109808],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,109809,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,109811,109812,109814,109816,109818],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,109813,142],{"class":141},[52,109815,145],{"class":66},[52,109817,36430],{"class":124},[52,109819,151],{"class":66},[20,109821,109822],{},[33,109823,30163],{},[43,109825,109827],{"className":45,"code":109826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109828,109829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109830,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109832,183],{"class":66},[52,109834,186],{"class":70},[52,109836,4432],{"class":74},[52,109838,186],{"class":70},[52,109840,91],{"class":66},[52,109842,195],{"class":70},[52,109844,33356],{"class":74},[52,109846,186],{"class":70},[52,109848,107],{"class":66},[20,109850,109851,109852,109854],{},"This removes ",[15,109853,65425],{}," from the set.",[20,109856,109857,109858,109860,109861,121],{},"A set does ",[33,109859,1332],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[257,109862,96486],{"href":98037},[38,109864,109866],{"id":109865},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109868,109869,109870,52642,109872,121],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109871,55677],{},[15,109873,19816],{},[43,109875,109877],{"className":45,"code":109876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109878,109879,109911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109880,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109882,319],{"class":58},[52,109884,63],{"class":62},[52,109886,67],{"class":66},[52,109888,71],{"class":70},[52,109890,336],{"class":74},[52,109892,71],{"class":70},[52,109894,91],{"class":66},[52,109896,83],{"class":70},[52,109898,354],{"class":74},[52,109900,71],{"class":70},[52,109902,91],{"class":66},[52,109904,83],{"class":70},[52,109906,17583],{"class":74},[52,109908,71],{"class":70},[52,109910,107],{"class":66},[52,109912,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,109914,17630],{"class":58},[52,109916,121],{"class":66},[52,109918,34931],{"class":124},[52,109920,145],{"class":66},[52,109922,71],{"class":70},[52,109924,22654],{"class":74},[52,109926,71],{"class":70},[52,109928,151],{"class":66},[20,109930,109931],{},[33,109932,109933],{},"Result:",[43,109935,109937],{"className":45,"code":109936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109938,109939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109940,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109942,19816],{"class":3251},[52,109944,80],{"class":66},[52,109946,195],{"class":70},[52,109948,22654],{"class":74},[52,109950,29833],{"class":70},[20,109952,22319,109953,109956],{},[15,109954,109955],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109958,109959,109960,109962],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109961,55677],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109964,109965,109966,121],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[257,109967,11605],{"href":11418},[38,109969,4552,109971,109973,109974],{"id":109970},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109972,55677],{}," is different from ",[15,109975,103008],{},[20,109977,109978,2218,109980,109982],{},[15,109979,55677],{},[15,109981,103008],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1335,109984,109985],{"id":34931},[15,109986,55677],{},[234,109988,109989,109992],{},[237,109990,109991],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[237,109993,109994],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[43,109996,109998],{"className":45,"code":109997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109999,110000,110032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110001,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110003,36229],{"class":58},[52,110005,63],{"class":62},[52,110007,67],{"class":66},[52,110009,71],{"class":70},[52,110011,257],{"class":74},[52,110013,71],{"class":70},[52,110015,91],{"class":66},[52,110017,83],{"class":70},[52,110019,345],{"class":74},[52,110021,71],{"class":70},[52,110023,91],{"class":66},[52,110025,83],{"class":70},[52,110027,10087],{"class":74},[52,110029,71],{"class":70},[52,110031,107],{"class":66},[52,110033,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110035,36282],{"class":58},[52,110037,121],{"class":66},[52,110039,34931],{"class":124},[52,110041,145],{"class":66},[52,110043,71],{"class":70},[52,110045,18896],{"class":74},[52,110047,71],{"class":70},[52,110049,151],{"class":66},[20,110051,108808],{},[43,110053,110055],{"className":45,"code":110054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110056,110057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110058,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110060,19816],{"class":3251},[52,110062,80],{"class":66},[52,110064,195],{"class":70},[52,110066,18896],{"class":74},[52,110068,29833],{"class":70},[1335,110070,110071],{"id":103075},[15,110072,103008],{},[234,110074,110075,110077],{},[237,110076,109991],{},[237,110078,110079],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[43,110081,110083],{"className":45,"code":110082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110084,110085,110117,110135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110086,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110088,36229],{"class":58},[52,110090,63],{"class":62},[52,110092,67],{"class":66},[52,110094,71],{"class":70},[52,110096,257],{"class":74},[52,110098,71],{"class":70},[52,110100,91],{"class":66},[52,110102,83],{"class":70},[52,110104,345],{"class":74},[52,110106,71],{"class":70},[52,110108,91],{"class":66},[52,110110,83],{"class":70},[52,110112,10087],{"class":74},[52,110114,71],{"class":70},[52,110116,107],{"class":66},[52,110118,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110120,36282],{"class":58},[52,110122,121],{"class":66},[52,110124,103075],{"class":124},[52,110126,145],{"class":66},[52,110128,71],{"class":70},[52,110130,18896],{"class":74},[52,110132,71],{"class":70},[52,110134,151],{"class":66},[52,110136,110137,110139,110141,110143],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110138,142],{"class":141},[52,110140,145],{"class":66},[52,110142,36282],{"class":124},[52,110144,151],{"class":66},[20,110146,110147],{},[33,110148,173],{},[43,110150,110152],{"className":45,"code":110151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110153,110154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110155,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110157,183],{"class":66},[52,110159,186],{"class":70},[52,110161,257],{"class":74},[52,110163,186],{"class":70},[52,110165,91],{"class":66},[52,110167,195],{"class":70},[52,110169,345],{"class":74},[52,110171,186],{"class":70},[52,110173,91],{"class":66},[52,110175,195],{"class":70},[52,110177,10087],{"class":74},[52,110179,186],{"class":70},[52,110181,107],{"class":66},[20,110183,18823],{},[234,110185,110186,110191],{},[237,110187,110188,110190],{},[15,110189,55677],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[237,110192,110193,110195],{},[15,110194,103008],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110197,110198,110199,121],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[257,110200,96968,110201,2264],{"href":108611},[15,110202,103008],{},[38,110204,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,110206,8807,110208,97348],{"id":110207},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110209,55677],{},[20,110211,110212,110214,110215,121],{},[15,110213,55677],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110216,4133],{},[20,110218,16770],{},[43,110220,110222],{"className":45,"code":110221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110223,110224,110256,110278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110225,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110227,319],{"class":58},[52,110229,63],{"class":62},[52,110231,67],{"class":66},[52,110233,71],{"class":70},[52,110235,336],{"class":74},[52,110237,71],{"class":70},[52,110239,91],{"class":66},[52,110241,83],{"class":70},[52,110243,354],{"class":74},[52,110245,71],{"class":70},[52,110247,91],{"class":66},[52,110249,83],{"class":70},[52,110251,17583],{"class":74},[52,110253,71],{"class":70},[52,110255,107],{"class":66},[52,110257,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110259,363],{"class":58},[52,110261,63],{"class":62},[52,110263,368],{"class":58},[52,110265,121],{"class":66},[52,110267,34931],{"class":124},[52,110269,145],{"class":66},[52,110271,71],{"class":70},[52,110273,354],{"class":74},[52,110275,71],{"class":70},[52,110277,151],{"class":66},[52,110279,110280,110282,110284,110286],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110281,142],{"class":141},[52,110283,145],{"class":66},[52,110285,387],{"class":124},[52,110287,151],{"class":66},[20,110289,110290],{},[33,110291,173],{},[43,110293,110294],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110295,110296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110297,110298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110299,12141],{"class":218},[20,110301,16782],{},[43,110303,110304],{"className":45,"code":109514,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110305,110306,110338,110356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110307,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110309,319],{"class":58},[52,110311,63],{"class":62},[52,110313,67],{"class":66},[52,110315,71],{"class":70},[52,110317,336],{"class":74},[52,110319,71],{"class":70},[52,110321,91],{"class":66},[52,110323,83],{"class":70},[52,110325,354],{"class":74},[52,110327,71],{"class":70},[52,110329,91],{"class":66},[52,110331,83],{"class":70},[52,110333,17583],{"class":74},[52,110335,71],{"class":70},[52,110337,107],{"class":66},[52,110339,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110341,17630],{"class":58},[52,110343,121],{"class":66},[52,110345,34931],{"class":124},[52,110347,145],{"class":66},[52,110349,71],{"class":70},[52,110351,354],{"class":74},[52,110353,71],{"class":70},[52,110355,151],{"class":66},[52,110357,110358,110360,110362,110364],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110359,142],{"class":141},[52,110361,145],{"class":66},[52,110363,17630],{"class":124},[52,110365,151],{"class":66},[1335,110367,110369],{"id":110368},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110371,110372,110373,121],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110374,19816],{},[43,110376,110378],{"className":45,"code":110377,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110379,110380,110404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110381,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110383,319],{"class":58},[52,110385,63],{"class":62},[52,110387,67],{"class":66},[52,110389,71],{"class":70},[52,110391,336],{"class":74},[52,110393,71],{"class":70},[52,110395,91],{"class":66},[52,110397,83],{"class":70},[52,110399,354],{"class":74},[52,110401,71],{"class":70},[52,110403,107],{"class":66},[52,110405,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110407,17630],{"class":58},[52,110409,121],{"class":66},[52,110411,34931],{"class":124},[52,110413,145],{"class":66},[52,110415,71],{"class":70},[52,110417,17583],{"class":74},[52,110419,71],{"class":70},[52,110421,151],{"class":66},[20,110423,110424,110425,80],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110426,4238],{},[43,110428,110430],{"className":45,"code":110429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110431,110432,110456,110460,110476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110433,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110435,319],{"class":58},[52,110437,63],{"class":62},[52,110439,67],{"class":66},[52,110441,71],{"class":70},[52,110443,336],{"class":74},[52,110445,71],{"class":70},[52,110447,91],{"class":66},[52,110449,83],{"class":70},[52,110451,354],{"class":74},[52,110453,71],{"class":70},[52,110455,107],{"class":66},[52,110457,110458],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110459,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,110461,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110463,7350],{"class":163},[52,110465,83],{"class":70},[52,110467,17583],{"class":74},[52,110469,71],{"class":70},[52,110471,21303],{"class":62},[52,110473,368],{"class":58},[52,110475,6748],{"class":66},[52,110477,110478,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,110479,110480],{"class":58},"    colors",[52,110482,121],{"class":66},[52,110484,34931],{"class":124},[52,110486,145],{"class":66},[52,110488,71],{"class":70},[52,110490,17583],{"class":74},[52,110492,71],{"class":70},[52,110494,151],{"class":66},[20,110496,110497,110498,110502],{},"Or use ",[257,110499,110500],{"href":108611},[15,110501,103008],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1335,110504,37344,110506,9059,110508],{"id":110505},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110507,103022],{},[15,110509,55223],{},[20,110511,110512],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110514,110515,110516,110518],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110517,103022],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110520,110521,110522,121],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[257,110523,99232],{"href":99231},[1335,110525,110527],{"id":110526},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110529,108517],{},[20,110531,110532],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[38,110534,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,110536,2195,110538,97447],{"id":110537},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110539,103022],{},[20,110541,110542,110543,121],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110544,4133],{},[1335,110546,30421,110548,110550],{"id":110547},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110549,103022],{}," raise?",[20,110552,30427,110553,110555],{},[15,110554,19816],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1335,110557,21550,110559,261,110561,2221],{"id":110558},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110560,55677],{},[15,110562,103008],{},[20,110564,222,110565,110567,110568,110570],{},[15,110566,55677],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110569,103008],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1335,110572,5523,110574,110576],{"id":110573},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110575,103022],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110578,110579],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[38,110581,2240],{"id":2239},[234,110583,110584,110590,110596,110600,110604],{},[237,110585,110586],{},[257,110587,96968,110588,2264],{"href":108611},[15,110589,103008],{},[237,110591,110592],{},[257,110593,96968,110594,2264],{"href":98368},[15,110595,13087],{},[237,110597,110598],{},[257,110599,97492],{"href":98037},[237,110601,110602],{},[257,110603,100498],{"href":99231},[237,110605,110606],{},[257,110607,11605],{"href":11418},[2278,110609,110610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":110612},[110613,110614,110616,110617,110618,110619,110624,110632,110642],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":109614,"depth":110,"text":110615},"What set.remove() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":109865,"depth":110,"text":109866},{"id":109970,"depth":110,"text":110620,"children":110621},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110622,110623],{"id":34931,"depth":131,"text":55677},{"id":103075,"depth":131,"text":103008},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":110625},[110626,110628,110629,110631],{"id":110207,"depth":131,"text":110627},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110368,"depth":131,"text":110369},{"id":110505,"depth":131,"text":110630},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110526,"depth":131,"text":110527},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":110633},[110634,110636,110638,110640],{"id":110537,"depth":131,"text":110635},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110547,"depth":131,"text":110637},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110558,"depth":131,"text":110639},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110573,"depth":131,"text":110641},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109488,"description":110643},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110650,"title":110651,"body":110652,"description":112025,"extension":2310,"meta":112026,"navigation":134,"path":112027,"seo":112028,"stem":112029,"__hash__":112030},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110653,"toc":112000},[110654,110660,110666,110669,110672,110686,110688,110769,110772,110777,110781,110795,110802,110804,110823,110826,110844,110846,110926,110928,110953,110957,110960,110968,110973,110978,110980,110993,110998,111001,111025,111028,111036,111038,111041,111138,111140,111173,111175,111201,111208,111211,111215,111223,111227,111235,111237,111327,111329,111343,111350,111355,111360,111362,111453,111455,111467,111469,111483,111489,111497,111499,111581,111583,111628,111631,111639,111642,111644,111648,111691,111693,111713,111718,111720,111805,111807,111812,111814,111821,111829,111835,111838,111840,111926,111928,111952,111956,111959,111961,111988,111998],[10,110655,96354,110657,18],{"id":110656},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110658,110659],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110661,110662,110665],{},[15,110663,110664],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110667,110668],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110670,110671],{},"Use it when:",[234,110673,110674,110677,110683],{},[237,110675,110676],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[237,110678,110679,110680,110682],{},"you do ",[33,110681,1332],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[237,110684,110685],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[38,110687,3961],{"id":3960},[43,110689,110691],{"className":45,"code":110690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110692,110693,110713,110733,110737,110756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110694,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110696,2905],{"class":58},[52,110698,63],{"class":62},[52,110700,67],{"class":66},[52,110702,3339],{"class":103},[52,110704,91],{"class":66},[52,110706,1378],{"class":103},[52,110708,91],{"class":66},[52,110710,2801],{"class":103},[52,110712,107],{"class":66},[52,110714,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110716,2933],{"class":58},[52,110718,63],{"class":62},[52,110720,67],{"class":66},[52,110722,2410],{"class":103},[52,110724,91],{"class":66},[52,110726,2807],{"class":103},[52,110728,91],{"class":66},[52,110730,4959],{"class":103},[52,110732,107],{"class":66},[52,110734,110735],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110736,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,110738,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110750,110752,110754],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,110740,2577],{"class":58},[52,110742,63],{"class":62},[52,110744,57036],{"class":58},[52,110746,121],{"class":66},[52,110748,110749],{"class":124},"symmetric_difference",[52,110751,145],{"class":66},[52,110753,345],{"class":124},[52,110755,151],{"class":66},[52,110757,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,110759,142],{"class":141},[52,110761,145],{"class":66},[52,110763,2612],{"class":124},[52,110765,4014],{"class":66},[52,110767,110768],{"class":4017},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110770,110771],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[38,110773,4031,110775,4034],{"id":110774},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110776,110659],{},[20,110778,110779,80],{},[15,110780,110664],{},[234,110782,110783,110786,110789,110792],{},[237,110784,110785],{},"returns a new set",[237,110787,110788],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[237,110790,110791],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[237,110793,110794],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110796,96478,110797,261,110799,121],{},[257,110798,96482],{"href":96481},[257,110800,110801],{"href":96485},"creating a set in Python",[38,110803,269],{"id":268},[43,110805,110807],{"className":45,"code":110806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110808,110809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110810,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819,110821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110812,100739],{"class":58},[52,110814,121],{"class":66},[52,110816,110749],{"class":124},[52,110818,145],{"class":66},[52,110820,100748],{"class":124},[52,110822,151],{"class":66},[20,110824,110825],{},"Notes:",[234,110827,110828,110833,110838,110841],{},[237,110829,110830,110832],{},[15,110831,100739],{}," must be a set",[237,110834,110835,110837],{},[15,110836,100748],{}," can be any iterable",[237,110839,110840],{},"the result is always a set",[237,110842,110843],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110845,309],{},[43,110847,110849],{"className":45,"code":110848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110850,110851,110872,110893,110897,110916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110852,110853,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110854,110855],{"class":58},"set1 ",[52,110857,63],{"class":62},[52,110859,67],{"class":66},[52,110861,3339],{"class":103},[52,110863,91],{"class":66},[52,110865,1378],{"class":103},[52,110867,91],{"class":66},[52,110869,2801],{"class":103},[52,110871,107],{"class":66},[52,110873,110874,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,110875,110876],{"class":58},"set2 ",[52,110878,63],{"class":62},[52,110880,67],{"class":66},[52,110882,2410],{"class":103},[52,110884,91],{"class":66},[52,110886,2807],{"class":103},[52,110888,91],{"class":66},[52,110890,4959],{"class":103},[52,110892,107],{"class":66},[52,110894,110895],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110896,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,110898,110899,110901,110903,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,110900,2577],{"class":58},[52,110902,63],{"class":62},[52,110904,110905],{"class":58}," set1",[52,110907,121],{"class":66},[52,110909,110749],{"class":124},[52,110911,145],{"class":66},[52,110913,100748],{"class":124},[52,110915,151],{"class":66},[52,110917,110918,110920,110922,110924],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,110919,142],{"class":141},[52,110921,145],{"class":66},[52,110923,2612],{"class":124},[52,110925,151],{"class":66},[20,110927,173],{},[43,110929,110931],{"className":45,"code":110930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110932,110933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110934,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110936,183],{"class":66},[52,110938,3339],{"class":103},[52,110940,91],{"class":66},[52,110942,1378],{"class":103},[52,110944,91],{"class":66},[52,110946,2807],{"class":103},[52,110948,91],{"class":66},[52,110950,4959],{"class":103},[52,110952,107],{"class":66},[38,110954,110956],{"id":110955},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110958,110959],{},"The result includes:",[234,110961,110962,110965],{},[237,110963,110964],{},"items only in the first set",[237,110966,110967],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110969,110970,110971,11427],{},"The result does ",[33,110972,1332],{},[234,110974,110975],{},[237,110976,110977],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110979,5826],{},[234,110981,110982,110987],{},[237,110983,110984,110985],{},"first set: ",[15,110986,100436],{},[237,110988,110989,110990],{},"second set: ",[15,110991,110992],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110994,4402,110995,110997],{},[15,110996,2410],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110999,111000],{},"The output is:",[43,111002,111003],{"className":45,"code":110930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,111004,111005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111006,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111008,183],{"class":66},[52,111010,3339],{"class":103},[52,111012,91],{"class":66},[52,111014,1378],{"class":103},[52,111016,91],{"class":66},[52,111018,2807],{"class":103},[52,111020,91],{"class":66},[52,111022,4959],{"class":103},[52,111024,107],{"class":66},[20,111026,111027],{},"Also remember:",[234,111029,111030,111033],{},[237,111031,111032],{},"sets are unordered",[237,111034,111035],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[38,111037,438],{"id":437},[20,111039,111040],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[43,111042,111044],{"className":45,"code":111043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111045,111046,111078,111102,111106,111124,111128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111047,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111049,107179],{"class":58},[52,111051,63],{"class":62},[52,111053,67],{"class":66},[52,111055,71],{"class":70},[52,111057,336],{"class":74},[52,111059,71],{"class":70},[52,111061,91],{"class":66},[52,111063,83],{"class":70},[52,111065,354],{"class":74},[52,111067,71],{"class":70},[52,111069,91],{"class":66},[52,111071,83],{"class":70},[52,111073,17583],{"class":74},[52,111075,71],{"class":70},[52,111077,107],{"class":66},[52,111079,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111081,107212],{"class":58},[52,111083,63],{"class":62},[52,111085,67],{"class":66},[52,111087,71],{"class":70},[52,111089,17583],{"class":74},[52,111091,71],{"class":70},[52,111093,91],{"class":66},[52,111095,83],{"class":70},[52,111097,22654],{"class":74},[52,111099,71],{"class":70},[52,111101,107],{"class":66},[52,111103,111104],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111105,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,111107,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111109,2577],{"class":58},[52,111111,63],{"class":62},[52,111113,107254],{"class":58},[52,111115,121],{"class":66},[52,111117,110749],{"class":124},[52,111119,145],{"class":66},[52,111121,107263],{"class":124},[52,111123,151],{"class":66},[52,111125,111126],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,111127,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,111129,111130,111132,111134,111136],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,111131,142],{"class":141},[52,111133,145],{"class":66},[52,111135,2612],{"class":124},[52,111137,151],{"class":66},[20,111139,173],{},[43,111141,111143],{"className":45,"code":111142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111144,111145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111146,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111148,183],{"class":66},[52,111150,186],{"class":70},[52,111152,336],{"class":74},[52,111154,186],{"class":70},[52,111156,91],{"class":66},[52,111158,195],{"class":70},[52,111160,354],{"class":74},[52,111162,186],{"class":70},[52,111164,91],{"class":66},[52,111166,195],{"class":70},[52,111168,22654],{"class":74},[52,111170,186],{"class":70},[52,111172,107],{"class":66},[20,111174,660],{},[234,111176,111177,111182,111193],{},[237,111178,111179,111181],{},[15,111180,96647],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[237,111183,111184,2218,111186,111189,111190,111192],{},[15,111185,65543],{},[15,111187,111188],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111191,107316],{},", so they stay",[237,111194,111195,111197,111198,111200],{},[15,111196,109955],{}," is only in ",[15,111199,107263],{},", so it stays",[38,111202,111204,10931,111206],{"id":111203},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111205,110659],{},[15,111207,100568],{},[20,111209,111210],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111212,111213,80],{},[15,111214,100568],{},[234,111216,111217,111220],{},[237,111218,111219],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[237,111221,111222],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111224,111225,80],{},[15,111226,110659],{},[234,111228,111229,111232],{},[237,111230,111231],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[237,111233,111234],{},"removes shared items",[20,111236,309],{},[43,111238,111240],{"className":45,"code":111239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111241,111242,111262,111282,111286,111307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111243,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111245,2905],{"class":58},[52,111247,63],{"class":62},[52,111249,67],{"class":66},[52,111251,3339],{"class":103},[52,111253,91],{"class":66},[52,111255,1378],{"class":103},[52,111257,91],{"class":66},[52,111259,2801],{"class":103},[52,111261,107],{"class":66},[52,111263,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111265,2933],{"class":58},[52,111267,63],{"class":62},[52,111269,67],{"class":66},[52,111271,2410],{"class":103},[52,111273,91],{"class":66},[52,111275,2807],{"class":103},[52,111277,91],{"class":66},[52,111279,4959],{"class":103},[52,111281,107],{"class":66},[52,111283,111284],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111285,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,111287,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111289,142],{"class":141},[52,111291,145],{"class":66},[52,111293,257],{"class":124},[52,111295,121],{"class":66},[52,111297,3162],{"class":124},[52,111299,145],{"class":66},[52,111301,345],{"class":124},[52,111303,5715],{"class":66},[52,111305,111306],{"class":4017},"            # {1, 2}\n",[52,111308,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,111310,142],{"class":141},[52,111312,145],{"class":66},[52,111314,257],{"class":124},[52,111316,121],{"class":66},[52,111318,110749],{"class":124},[52,111320,145],{"class":66},[52,111322,345],{"class":124},[52,111324,5715],{"class":66},[52,111326,110768],{"class":4017},[20,111328,18823],{},[234,111330,111331,111338],{},[237,111332,111333,111337],{},[257,111334,111335],{"href":102994},[15,111336,100568],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[237,111339,111340,111342],{},[15,111341,110659],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[38,111344,111346,10931,111348],{"id":111345},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111347,110659],{},[15,111349,102953],{},[20,111351,111352,111354],{},[15,111353,102953],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111356,111357,111359],{},[15,111358,110659],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111361,309],{},[43,111363,111365],{"className":45,"code":111364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111366,111367,111387,111407,111411,111433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111368,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111370,2905],{"class":58},[52,111372,63],{"class":62},[52,111374,67],{"class":66},[52,111376,3339],{"class":103},[52,111378,91],{"class":66},[52,111380,1378],{"class":103},[52,111382,91],{"class":66},[52,111384,2801],{"class":103},[52,111386,107],{"class":66},[52,111388,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111390,2933],{"class":58},[52,111392,63],{"class":62},[52,111394,67],{"class":66},[52,111396,2410],{"class":103},[52,111398,91],{"class":66},[52,111400,2807],{"class":103},[52,111402,91],{"class":66},[52,111404,4959],{"class":103},[52,111406,107],{"class":66},[52,111408,111409],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111410,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,111412,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111424,111426,111428,111430],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111414,142],{"class":141},[52,111416,145],{"class":66},[52,111418,257],{"class":124},[52,111420,121],{"class":66},[52,111422,111423],{"class":124},"union",[52,111425,145],{"class":66},[52,111427,345],{"class":124},[52,111429,5715],{"class":66},[52,111431,111432],{"class":4017},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,111434,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,111436,142],{"class":141},[52,111438,145],{"class":66},[52,111440,257],{"class":124},[52,111442,121],{"class":66},[52,111444,110749],{"class":124},[52,111446,145],{"class":66},[52,111448,345],{"class":124},[52,111450,5715],{"class":66},[52,111452,110768],{"class":4017},[20,111454,27353],{},[234,111456,111457,111462],{},[237,111458,111459,111461],{},[15,111460,102953],{}," includes everything",[237,111463,111464,111466],{},[15,111465,110659],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111468,18823],{},[234,111470,111471,111478],{},[237,111472,111473,111477],{},[257,111474,111475],{"href":107884},[15,111476,102953],{}," when overlap does not matter",[237,111479,111480,111482],{},[15,111481,110659],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[38,111484,36752,111486,101752],{"id":111485},"using-the-operator",[15,111487,111488],{},"^",[20,111490,111491,111492,111494,111495,121],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111493,111488],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111496,110659],{},[20,111498,309],{},[43,111500,111502],{"className":45,"code":111501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111503,111504,111524,111544,111548,111566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111507,110855],{"class":58},[52,111509,63],{"class":62},[52,111511,67],{"class":66},[52,111513,3339],{"class":103},[52,111515,91],{"class":66},[52,111517,1378],{"class":103},[52,111519,91],{"class":66},[52,111521,2801],{"class":103},[52,111523,107],{"class":66},[52,111525,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111527,110876],{"class":58},[52,111529,63],{"class":62},[52,111531,67],{"class":66},[52,111533,2410],{"class":103},[52,111535,91],{"class":66},[52,111537,2807],{"class":103},[52,111539,91],{"class":66},[52,111541,4959],{"class":103},[52,111543,107],{"class":66},[52,111545,111546],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111547,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,111549,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111551,142],{"class":141},[52,111553,145],{"class":66},[52,111555,100739],{"class":124},[52,111557,121],{"class":66},[52,111559,110749],{"class":124},[52,111561,145],{"class":66},[52,111563,100748],{"class":124},[52,111565,2120],{"class":66},[52,111567,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576,111579],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,111569,142],{"class":141},[52,111571,145],{"class":66},[52,111573,110855],{"class":124},[52,111575,111488],{"class":62},[52,111577,111578],{"class":124}," set2",[52,111580,151],{"class":66},[20,111582,30163],{},[43,111584,111586],{"className":45,"code":111585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111587,111588,111608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111589,111590,111592,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111591,183],{"class":66},[52,111593,3339],{"class":103},[52,111595,91],{"class":66},[52,111597,1378],{"class":103},[52,111599,91],{"class":66},[52,111601,2807],{"class":103},[52,111603,91],{"class":66},[52,111605,4959],{"class":103},[52,111607,107],{"class":66},[52,111609,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111611,183],{"class":66},[52,111613,3339],{"class":103},[52,111615,91],{"class":66},[52,111617,1378],{"class":103},[52,111619,91],{"class":66},[52,111621,2807],{"class":103},[52,111623,91],{"class":66},[52,111625,4959],{"class":103},[52,111627,107],{"class":66},[20,111629,111630],{},"Both forms:",[234,111632,111633,111636],{},[237,111634,111635],{},"return a new set",[237,111637,111638],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111640,111641],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[38,111643,4873],{"id":4872},[20,111645,21341,111646,80],{},[15,111647,110659],{},[234,111649,111650,111658,111668,111683],{},[237,111651,111652,111655,111657],{},[33,111653,111654],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10194,111656],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[237,111659,111660,111663,111665,111667],{},[33,111661,111662],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10194,111664],{},[15,111666,110659],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[237,111669,111670,111675,111677,111679,111680,111682],{},[33,111671,111672,111673],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111674,100568],{},[10194,111676],{},[15,111678,100568],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111681,110659],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[237,111684,111685,111688,111690],{},[33,111686,111687],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10194,111689],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111692,59011],{},[234,111694,111695,111704,111707,111710],{},[237,111696,50638,111697,44774,111699,111703],{},[15,111698,110659],{},[257,111700,111701],{"href":107884},[15,111702,102953],{}," is actually needed",[237,111705,111706],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[237,111708,111709],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[237,111711,111712],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111714,111715,111716,121],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[257,111717,99232],{"href":105497},[20,111719,62445],{},[43,111721,111723],{"className":45,"code":111722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111724,111725,111735,111745,111763,111777,111791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111726,111727,111729,111731,111733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111728,142],{"class":141},[52,111730,145],{"class":66},[52,111732,100739],{"class":124},[52,111734,151],{"class":66},[52,111736,111737,111739,111741,111743],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111738,142],{"class":141},[52,111740,145],{"class":66},[52,111742,100748],{"class":124},[52,111744,151],{"class":66},[52,111746,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111748,142],{"class":141},[52,111750,145],{"class":66},[52,111752,100739],{"class":124},[52,111754,121],{"class":66},[52,111756,110749],{"class":124},[52,111758,145],{"class":66},[52,111760,100748],{"class":124},[52,111762,2120],{"class":66},[52,111764,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111766,142],{"class":141},[52,111768,145],{"class":66},[52,111770,110855],{"class":124},[52,111772,111488],{"class":62},[52,111774,111578],{"class":124},[52,111776,151],{"class":66},[52,111778,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,111780,142],{"class":141},[52,111782,145],{"class":66},[52,111784,3573],{"class":3251},[52,111786,145],{"class":66},[52,111788,100739],{"class":124},[52,111790,2120],{"class":66},[52,111792,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,111794,142],{"class":141},[52,111796,145],{"class":66},[52,111798,3573],{"class":3251},[52,111800,145],{"class":66},[52,111802,100748],{"class":124},[52,111804,2120],{"class":66},[38,111806,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,111808,2195,111810,102893],{"id":111809},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111811,110659],{},[20,111813,102896],{},[1335,111815,2215,111817,2218,111819,2221],{"id":111816},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111818,110659],{},[15,111820,100568],{},[20,111822,111823,111825,111826,111828],{},[15,111824,100568],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111827,110659],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1335,111830,28461,111832,111834],{"id":111831},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111833,110659],{}," with lists?",[20,111836,111837],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111839,309],{},[43,111841,111843],{"className":45,"code":111842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111844,111845,111865,111885,111889,111916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111846,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111848,80809],{"class":58},[52,111850,63],{"class":62},[52,111852,755],{"class":66},[52,111854,3339],{"class":103},[52,111856,91],{"class":66},[52,111858,1378],{"class":103},[52,111860,91],{"class":66},[52,111862,2801],{"class":103},[52,111864,766],{"class":66},[52,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,111868,80830],{"class":58},[52,111870,63],{"class":62},[52,111872,755],{"class":66},[52,111874,2410],{"class":103},[52,111876,91],{"class":66},[52,111878,2807],{"class":103},[52,111880,91],{"class":66},[52,111882,4959],{"class":103},[52,111884,766],{"class":66},[52,111886,111887],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111888,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,111890,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111892,2577],{"class":58},[52,111894,63],{"class":62},[52,111896,15759],{"class":3251},[52,111898,145],{"class":66},[52,111900,111901],{"class":124},"list1",[52,111903,8986],{"class":66},[52,111905,110749],{"class":124},[52,111907,145],{"class":66},[52,111909,6641],{"class":3251},[52,111911,145],{"class":66},[52,111913,81096],{"class":124},[52,111915,2120],{"class":66},[52,111917,111918,111920,111922,111924],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,111919,142],{"class":141},[52,111921,145],{"class":66},[52,111923,2612],{"class":124},[52,111925,151],{"class":66},[20,111927,173],{},[43,111929,111930],{"className":45,"code":110930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,111931,111932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111933,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111935,183],{"class":66},[52,111937,3339],{"class":103},[52,111939,91],{"class":66},[52,111941,1378],{"class":103},[52,111943,91],{"class":66},[52,111945,2807],{"class":103},[52,111947,91],{"class":66},[52,111949,4959],{"class":103},[52,111951,107],{"class":66},[1335,111953,111955],{"id":111954},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111957,111958],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[38,111960,2240],{"id":2239},[234,111962,111963,111967,111972,111978,111984],{},[237,111964,111965],{},[257,111966,96482],{"href":96481},[237,111968,111969],{},[257,111970,111971],{"href":96485},"Creating a set in Python",[237,111973,111974],{},[257,111975,96968,111976,2264],{"href":102994},[15,111977,100568],{},[237,111979,111980],{},[257,111981,96968,111982,2264],{"href":107884},[15,111983,102953],{},[237,111985,111986],{},[257,111987,100498],{"href":105497},[20,111989,111990,111991,2536,111993,17199,111995,111997],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111992,100568],{},[15,111994,102953],{},[15,111996,110659],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2278,111999,57390],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":112001},[112002,112003,112005,112006,112007,112008,112010,112012,112014,112015,112024],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":110774,"depth":110,"text":112004},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":110955,"depth":110,"text":110956},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":111203,"depth":110,"text":112009},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111345,"depth":110,"text":112011},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111485,"depth":110,"text":112013},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":112016},[112017,112019,112021,112023],{"id":111809,"depth":131,"text":112018},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111816,"depth":131,"text":112020},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111831,"depth":131,"text":112022},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111954,"depth":131,"text":111955},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110651,"description":112025},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112032,"title":112033,"body":112034,"description":114097,"extension":2310,"meta":114098,"navigation":134,"path":107884,"seo":114099,"stem":114100,"__hash__":114101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112035,"toc":114056},[112036,112041,112046,112049,112062,112064,112146,112151,112156,112160,112172,112175,112179,112181,112208,112210,112221,112224,112293,112295,112301,112304,112314,112316,112405,112410,112412,112419,112422,112424,112427,112547,112549,112618,112621,112638,112643,112646,112762,112764,112793,112796,112802,112807,112811,112892,112894,112922,112927,112931,113026,113028,113069,113073,113076,113143,113145,113186,113192,113207,113214,113221,113225,113231,113317,113321,113329,113400,113405,113412,113414,113420,113422,113487,113489,113505,113510,113513,113582,113586,113589,113648,113651,113655,113708,113721,113724,113777,113781,113783,113814,113817,113822,113875,113879,113882,113903,113915,113917,113970,113972,113977,113979,113985,113988,113994,113999,114003,114006,114014,114023,114025,114053],[10,112037,3928,112039,18],{"id":112038},"python-setunion-method",[15,112040,108197],{},[20,112042,112043,112045],{},[15,112044,108197],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112047,112048],{},"It is useful when you want:",[234,112050,112051,112054,112059],{},[237,112052,112053],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[237,112055,2905,112056,112058],{},[33,112057,100923],{}," as the result",[237,112060,112061],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[38,112063,41],{"id":40},[43,112065,112067],{"className":45,"code":112066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112068,112069,112089,112109,112113,112131,112141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112070,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112072,110855],{"class":58},[52,112074,63],{"class":62},[52,112076,67],{"class":66},[52,112078,3339],{"class":103},[52,112080,91],{"class":66},[52,112082,1378],{"class":103},[52,112084,91],{"class":66},[52,112086,2801],{"class":103},[52,112088,107],{"class":66},[52,112090,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112092,110876],{"class":58},[52,112094,63],{"class":62},[52,112096,67],{"class":66},[52,112098,2410],{"class":103},[52,112100,91],{"class":66},[52,112102,2807],{"class":103},[52,112104,91],{"class":66},[52,112106,4959],{"class":103},[52,112108,107],{"class":66},[52,112110,112111],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112112,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112114,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112116,2577],{"class":58},[52,112118,63],{"class":62},[52,112120,110905],{"class":58},[52,112122,121],{"class":66},[52,112124,111423],{"class":124},[52,112126,145],{"class":66},[52,112128,100748],{"class":124},[52,112130,151],{"class":66},[52,112132,112133,112135,112137,112139],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,112134,142],{"class":141},[52,112136,145],{"class":66},[52,112138,2612],{"class":124},[52,112140,151],{"class":66},[52,112142,112143],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,112144,112145],{"class":4017},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112147,112148,112150],{},[15,112149,102953],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[38,112152,4031,112154,4034],{"id":112153},"what-setunion-does",[15,112155,108197],{},[20,112157,112158,80],{},[15,112159,108197],{},[234,112161,112162,112165,112168,112170],{},[237,112163,112164],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[237,112166,112167],{},"keeps only unique values",[237,112169,110785],{},[237,112171,110794],{},[20,112173,112174],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112176,96478,112177,121],{},[257,112178,96482],{"href":97653},[38,112180,269],{"id":268},[43,112182,112184],{"className":45,"code":112183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112185,112186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112187,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112189,100739],{"class":58},[52,112191,121],{"class":66},[52,112193,111423],{"class":124},[52,112195,145],{"class":66},[52,112197,100748],{"class":124},[52,112199,91],{"class":66},[52,112201,100775],{"class":124},[52,112203,91],{"class":66},[52,112205,34590],{"class":141},[52,112207,151],{"class":66},[20,112209,293],{},[234,112211,112212,112215,112218],{},[237,112213,112214],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[237,112216,112217],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[237,112219,112220],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112222,112223],{},"Example with two sets:",[43,112225,112227],{"className":45,"code":112226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112228,112229,112245,112261,112265,112283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112232,2905],{"class":58},[52,112234,63],{"class":62},[52,112236,67],{"class":66},[52,112238,3339],{"class":103},[52,112240,91],{"class":66},[52,112242,1378],{"class":103},[52,112244,107],{"class":66},[52,112246,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112248,2933],{"class":58},[52,112250,63],{"class":62},[52,112252,67],{"class":66},[52,112254,2404],{"class":103},[52,112256,91],{"class":66},[52,112258,2801],{"class":103},[52,112260,107],{"class":66},[52,112262,112263],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112264,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112268,2577],{"class":58},[52,112270,63],{"class":62},[52,112272,57036],{"class":58},[52,112274,121],{"class":66},[52,112276,111423],{"class":124},[52,112278,145],{"class":66},[52,112280,345],{"class":124},[52,112282,151],{"class":66},[52,112284,112285,112287,112289,112291],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,112286,142],{"class":141},[52,112288,145],{"class":66},[52,112290,2612],{"class":124},[52,112292,151],{"class":66},[38,112294,22100],{"id":22099},[20,112296,112297,100920,112299,121],{},[15,112298,108197],{},[33,112300,100923],{},[20,112302,112303],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[234,112305,112306,112309],{},[237,112307,112308],{},"the original set",[237,112310,112311,112312],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112313,102953],{},[20,112315,309],{},[43,112317,112319],{"className":45,"code":112318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112320,112321,112337,112353,112357,112375,112379,112392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112322,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112324,2905],{"class":58},[52,112326,63],{"class":62},[52,112328,67],{"class":66},[52,112330,3339],{"class":103},[52,112332,91],{"class":66},[52,112334,1378],{"class":103},[52,112336,107],{"class":66},[52,112338,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112340,2933],{"class":58},[52,112342,63],{"class":62},[52,112344,67],{"class":66},[52,112346,2404],{"class":103},[52,112348,91],{"class":66},[52,112350,2801],{"class":103},[52,112352,107],{"class":66},[52,112354,112355],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112356,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112358,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112360,2577],{"class":58},[52,112362,63],{"class":62},[52,112364,57036],{"class":58},[52,112366,121],{"class":66},[52,112368,111423],{"class":124},[52,112370,145],{"class":66},[52,112372,345],{"class":124},[52,112374,151],{"class":66},[52,112376,112377],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,112378,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112380,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,112382,142],{"class":141},[52,112384,145],{"class":66},[52,112386,2612],{"class":124},[52,112388,4014],{"class":66},[52,112390,112391],{"class":4017},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,112393,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,112395,142],{"class":141},[52,112397,145],{"class":66},[52,112399,257],{"class":124},[52,112401,4014],{"class":66},[52,112403,112404],{"class":4017},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112406,2634,112407,112409],{},[15,112408,257],{}," did not change.",[20,112411,111027],{},[234,112413,112414,112416],{},[237,112415,111032],{},[237,112417,112418],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112420,112421],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[38,112423,438],{"id":437},[20,112425,112426],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[43,112428,112430],{"className":45,"code":112429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112431,112432,112465,112498,112502,112522,112526,112536],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112433,112434,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112435,112436],{"class":58},"fruits1 ",[52,112438,63],{"class":62},[52,112440,67],{"class":66},[52,112442,71],{"class":70},[52,112444,4432],{"class":74},[52,112446,71],{"class":70},[52,112448,91],{"class":66},[52,112450,83],{"class":70},[52,112452,4441],{"class":74},[52,112454,71],{"class":70},[52,112456,91],{"class":66},[52,112458,83],{"class":70},[52,112460,33356],{"class":74},[52,112462,71],{"class":70},[52,112464,107],{"class":66},[52,112466,112467,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112468,112469],{"class":58},"fruits2 ",[52,112471,63],{"class":62},[52,112473,67],{"class":66},[52,112475,71],{"class":70},[52,112477,4441],{"class":74},[52,112479,71],{"class":70},[52,112481,91],{"class":66},[52,112483,83],{"class":70},[52,112485,22663],{"class":74},[52,112487,71],{"class":70},[52,112489,91],{"class":66},[52,112491,83],{"class":70},[52,112493,33356],{"class":74},[52,112495,71],{"class":70},[52,112497,107],{"class":66},[52,112499,112500],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112501,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112503,112504,112506,112508,112511,112513,112515,112517,112520],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112505,2577],{"class":58},[52,112507,63],{"class":62},[52,112509,112510],{"class":58}," fruits1",[52,112512,121],{"class":66},[52,112514,111423],{"class":124},[52,112516,145],{"class":66},[52,112518,112519],{"class":124},"fruits2",[52,112521,151],{"class":66},[52,112523,112524],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,112525,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112527,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,112529,142],{"class":141},[52,112531,145],{"class":66},[52,112533,2612],{"class":124},[52,112535,151],{"class":66},[52,112537,112538,112540,112542,112545],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,112539,142],{"class":141},[52,112541,145],{"class":66},[52,112543,112544],{"class":124},"fruits1",[52,112546,151],{"class":66},[20,112548,30163],{},[43,112550,112552],{"className":45,"code":112551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112553,112554,112590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112555,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112557,183],{"class":66},[52,112559,186],{"class":70},[52,112561,4441],{"class":74},[52,112563,186],{"class":70},[52,112565,91],{"class":66},[52,112567,195],{"class":70},[52,112569,33356],{"class":74},[52,112571,186],{"class":70},[52,112573,91],{"class":66},[52,112575,195],{"class":70},[52,112577,4432],{"class":74},[52,112579,186],{"class":70},[52,112581,91],{"class":66},[52,112583,195],{"class":70},[52,112585,22663],{"class":74},[52,112587,186],{"class":70},[52,112589,107],{"class":66},[52,112591,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112593,183],{"class":66},[52,112595,186],{"class":70},[52,112597,4441],{"class":74},[52,112599,186],{"class":70},[52,112601,91],{"class":66},[52,112603,195],{"class":70},[52,112605,33356],{"class":74},[52,112607,186],{"class":70},[52,112609,91],{"class":66},[52,112611,195],{"class":70},[52,112613,4432],{"class":74},[52,112615,186],{"class":70},[52,112617,107],{"class":66},[20,112619,112620],{},"What this shows:",[234,112622,112623,112630,112633],{},[237,112624,112625,2218,112627,112629],{},[15,112626,65425],{},[15,112628,65852],{}," appear in both sets",[237,112631,112632],{},"they appear only once in the result",[237,112634,112635,112637],{},[15,112636,112544],{}," stays unchanged",[38,112639,1326,112641,101312],{"id":112640},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112642,102953],{},[20,112644,112645],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[43,112647,112649],{"className":45,"code":112648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112650,112651,112667,112683,112700,112717,112721,112748,112752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112652,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112654,110855],{"class":58},[52,112656,63],{"class":62},[52,112658,67],{"class":66},[52,112660,3339],{"class":103},[52,112662,91],{"class":66},[52,112664,1378],{"class":103},[52,112666,107],{"class":66},[52,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112670,110876],{"class":58},[52,112672,63],{"class":62},[52,112674,67],{"class":66},[52,112676,2404],{"class":103},[52,112678,91],{"class":66},[52,112680,2801],{"class":103},[52,112682,107],{"class":66},[52,112684,112685,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112686,112687],{"class":58},"set3 ",[52,112689,63],{"class":62},[52,112691,67],{"class":66},[52,112693,2410],{"class":103},[52,112695,91],{"class":66},[52,112697,2807],{"class":103},[52,112699,107],{"class":66},[52,112701,112702,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112703,112704],{"class":58},"set4 ",[52,112706,63],{"class":62},[52,112708,67],{"class":66},[52,112710,2855],{"class":103},[52,112712,91],{"class":66},[52,112714,4959],{"class":103},[52,112716,107],{"class":66},[52,112718,112719],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,112720,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112722,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112746],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,112724,2577],{"class":58},[52,112726,63],{"class":62},[52,112728,110905],{"class":58},[52,112730,121],{"class":66},[52,112732,111423],{"class":124},[52,112734,145],{"class":66},[52,112736,100748],{"class":124},[52,112738,91],{"class":66},[52,112740,100775],{"class":124},[52,112742,91],{"class":66},[52,112744,112745],{"class":124}," set4",[52,112747,151],{"class":66},[52,112749,112750],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,112751,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112753,112754,112756,112758,112760],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,112755,142],{"class":141},[52,112757,145],{"class":66},[52,112759,2612],{"class":124},[52,112761,151],{"class":66},[20,112763,30163],{},[43,112765,112767],{"className":45,"code":112766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112768,112769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112770,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112772,183],{"class":66},[52,112774,3339],{"class":103},[52,112776,91],{"class":66},[52,112778,1378],{"class":103},[52,112780,91],{"class":66},[52,112782,2801],{"class":103},[52,112784,91],{"class":66},[52,112786,2807],{"class":103},[52,112788,91],{"class":66},[52,112790,4959],{"class":103},[52,112792,107],{"class":66},[20,112794,112795],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[38,112797,1326,112799,112801],{"id":112798},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112800,102953],{}," with other iterables",[20,112803,112804,112806],{},[15,112805,102953],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1335,112808,112810],{"id":112809},"with-a-list","With a list",[43,112812,112814],{"className":45,"code":112813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112815,112816,112836,112860,112864,112882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112817,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112819,3971],{"class":58},[52,112821,63],{"class":62},[52,112823,67],{"class":66},[52,112825,3339],{"class":103},[52,112827,91],{"class":66},[52,112829,1378],{"class":103},[52,112831,91],{"class":66},[52,112833,2801],{"class":103},[52,112835,107],{"class":66},[52,112837,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112839,61197],{"class":58},[52,112841,63],{"class":62},[52,112843,755],{"class":66},[52,112845,2410],{"class":103},[52,112847,91],{"class":66},[52,112849,2807],{"class":103},[52,112851,91],{"class":66},[52,112853,4959],{"class":103},[52,112855,91],{"class":66},[52,112857,4959],{"class":103},[52,112859,766],{"class":66},[52,112861,112862],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112863,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112865,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112867,2577],{"class":58},[52,112869,63],{"class":62},[52,112871,4617],{"class":58},[52,112873,121],{"class":66},[52,112875,111423],{"class":124},[52,112877,145],{"class":66},[52,112879,61226],{"class":124},[52,112881,151],{"class":66},[52,112883,112884,112886,112888,112890],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,112885,142],{"class":141},[52,112887,145],{"class":66},[52,112889,2612],{"class":124},[52,112891,151],{"class":66},[20,112893,30163],{},[43,112895,112896],{"className":45,"code":112766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112897,112898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112899,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112901,183],{"class":66},[52,112903,3339],{"class":103},[52,112905,91],{"class":66},[52,112907,1378],{"class":103},[52,112909,91],{"class":66},[52,112911,2801],{"class":103},[52,112913,91],{"class":66},[52,112915,2807],{"class":103},[52,112917,91],{"class":66},[52,112919,4959],{"class":103},[52,112921,107],{"class":66},[20,112923,21107,112924,112926],{},[15,112925,2484],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1335,112928,112930],{"id":112929},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[43,112932,112934],{"className":45,"code":112933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112935,112936,112960,112993,112997,113016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112937,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112939,36229],{"class":58},[52,112941,63],{"class":62},[52,112943,67],{"class":66},[52,112945,71],{"class":70},[52,112947,257],{"class":74},[52,112949,71],{"class":70},[52,112951,91],{"class":66},[52,112953,83],{"class":70},[52,112955,345],{"class":74},[52,112957,71],{"class":70},[52,112959,107],{"class":66},[52,112961,112962,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,112963,112964],{"class":58},"more_letters ",[52,112966,63],{"class":62},[52,112968,9588],{"class":66},[52,112970,71],{"class":70},[52,112972,345],{"class":74},[52,112974,71],{"class":70},[52,112976,91],{"class":66},[52,112978,83],{"class":70},[52,112980,10087],{"class":74},[52,112982,71],{"class":70},[52,112984,91],{"class":66},[52,112986,83],{"class":70},[52,112988,18896],{"class":74},[52,112990,71],{"class":70},[52,112992,151],{"class":66},[52,112994,112995],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112996,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,112998,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113014],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113000,2577],{"class":58},[52,113002,63],{"class":62},[52,113004,70247],{"class":58},[52,113006,121],{"class":66},[52,113008,111423],{"class":124},[52,113010,145],{"class":66},[52,113012,113013],{"class":124},"more_letters",[52,113015,151],{"class":66},[52,113017,113018,113020,113022,113024],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,113019,142],{"class":141},[52,113021,145],{"class":66},[52,113023,2612],{"class":124},[52,113025,151],{"class":66},[20,113027,30163],{},[43,113029,113031],{"className":45,"code":113030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113032,113033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113034,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113036,183],{"class":66},[52,113038,186],{"class":70},[52,113040,257],{"class":74},[52,113042,186],{"class":70},[52,113044,91],{"class":66},[52,113046,195],{"class":70},[52,113048,345],{"class":74},[52,113050,186],{"class":70},[52,113052,91],{"class":66},[52,113054,195],{"class":70},[52,113056,10087],{"class":74},[52,113058,186],{"class":70},[52,113060,91],{"class":66},[52,113062,195],{"class":70},[52,113064,18896],{"class":74},[52,113066,186],{"class":70},[52,113068,107],{"class":66},[1335,113070,113072],{"id":113071},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113074,113075],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[43,113077,113079],{"className":45,"code":113078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113080,113081,113106,113129,113133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113082,113083,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113084,113085],{"class":58},"chars ",[52,113087,63],{"class":62},[52,113089,67],{"class":66},[52,113091,71],{"class":70},[52,113093,257],{"class":74},[52,113095,71],{"class":70},[52,113097,91],{"class":66},[52,113099,83],{"class":70},[52,113101,345],{"class":74},[52,113103,71],{"class":70},[52,113105,107],{"class":66},[52,113107,113108,113110,113112,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113109,2577],{"class":58},[52,113111,63],{"class":62},[52,113113,113114],{"class":58}," chars",[52,113116,121],{"class":66},[52,113118,111423],{"class":124},[52,113120,145],{"class":66},[52,113122,71],{"class":70},[52,113124,37187],{"class":74},[52,113126,71],{"class":70},[52,113128,151],{"class":66},[52,113130,113131],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113132,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113134,113135,113137,113139,113141],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113136,142],{"class":141},[52,113138,145],{"class":66},[52,113140,2612],{"class":124},[52,113142,151],{"class":66},[20,113144,30163],{},[43,113146,113148],{"className":45,"code":113147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113149,113150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113151,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113153,183],{"class":66},[52,113155,186],{"class":70},[52,113157,257],{"class":74},[52,113159,186],{"class":70},[52,113161,91],{"class":66},[52,113163,195],{"class":70},[52,113165,345],{"class":74},[52,113167,186],{"class":70},[52,113169,91],{"class":66},[52,113171,195],{"class":70},[52,113173,10087],{"class":74},[52,113175,186],{"class":70},[52,113177,91],{"class":66},[52,113179,195],{"class":70},[52,113181,63437],{"class":74},[52,113183,186],{"class":70},[52,113185,107],{"class":66},[20,113187,22319,113188,113191],{},[15,113189,113190],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[234,113193,113194,113198,113202],{},[237,113195,113196],{},[15,113197,66632],{},[237,113199,113200],{},[15,113201,18224],{},[237,113203,113204],{},[15,113205,113206],{},"\"t\"",[38,113208,113210,10931,113212],{"id":113209},"union-vs-update",[15,113211,102953],{},[15,113213,2263],{},[20,113215,113216,2218,113218,113220],{},[15,113217,102953],{},[15,113219,2263],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1335,113222,113223],{"id":111423},[15,113224,102953],{},[234,113226,113227,113229],{},[237,113228,110785],{},[237,113230,110794],{},[43,113232,113233],{"className":45,"code":112318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113234,113235,113251,113267,113271,113289,113293,113305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113236,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113238,2905],{"class":58},[52,113240,63],{"class":62},[52,113242,67],{"class":66},[52,113244,3339],{"class":103},[52,113246,91],{"class":66},[52,113248,1378],{"class":103},[52,113250,107],{"class":66},[52,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113254,2933],{"class":58},[52,113256,63],{"class":62},[52,113258,67],{"class":66},[52,113260,2404],{"class":103},[52,113262,91],{"class":66},[52,113264,2801],{"class":103},[52,113266,107],{"class":66},[52,113268,113269],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113270,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113272,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113274,2577],{"class":58},[52,113276,63],{"class":62},[52,113278,57036],{"class":58},[52,113280,121],{"class":66},[52,113282,111423],{"class":124},[52,113284,145],{"class":66},[52,113286,345],{"class":124},[52,113288,151],{"class":66},[52,113290,113291],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,113292,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113294,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,113296,142],{"class":141},[52,113298,145],{"class":66},[52,113300,2612],{"class":124},[52,113302,4014],{"class":66},[52,113304,112391],{"class":4017},[52,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,113308,142],{"class":141},[52,113310,145],{"class":66},[52,113312,257],{"class":124},[52,113314,4014],{"class":66},[52,113316,112404],{"class":4017},[1335,113318,113319],{"id":30598},[15,113320,2263],{},[234,113322,113323,113326],{},[237,113324,113325],{},"changes the existing set in place",[237,113327,113328],{},"does not create a separate result set",[43,113330,113332],{"className":45,"code":113331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113333,113334,113350,113366,113370,113384,113388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113335,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113337,2905],{"class":58},[52,113339,63],{"class":62},[52,113341,67],{"class":66},[52,113343,3339],{"class":103},[52,113345,91],{"class":66},[52,113347,1378],{"class":103},[52,113349,107],{"class":66},[52,113351,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113353,2933],{"class":58},[52,113355,63],{"class":62},[52,113357,67],{"class":66},[52,113359,2404],{"class":103},[52,113361,91],{"class":66},[52,113363,2801],{"class":103},[52,113365,107],{"class":66},[52,113367,113368],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113369,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113371,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113373,257],{"class":58},[52,113375,121],{"class":66},[52,113377,30598],{"class":124},[52,113379,145],{"class":66},[52,113381,345],{"class":124},[52,113383,151],{"class":66},[52,113385,113386],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,113387,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113389,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,113391,142],{"class":141},[52,113393,145],{"class":66},[52,113395,257],{"class":124},[52,113397,4014],{"class":66},[52,113399,112391],{"class":4017},[20,113401,222,113402,113404],{},[15,113403,102953],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113406,113407,113408,121],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[257,113409,3928,113410,2264],{"href":98673},[15,113411,97468],{},[38,113413,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,113415,8807,113417,113419],{"id":113416},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113418,102953],{}," to change the original set",[20,113421,81978],{},[43,113423,113425],{"className":45,"code":113424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113426,113427,113443,113459,113463,113477],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113428,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439,113441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113430,2905],{"class":58},[52,113432,63],{"class":62},[52,113434,67],{"class":66},[52,113436,3339],{"class":103},[52,113438,91],{"class":66},[52,113440,1378],{"class":103},[52,113442,107],{"class":66},[52,113444,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113446,2933],{"class":58},[52,113448,63],{"class":62},[52,113450,67],{"class":66},[52,113452,2404],{"class":103},[52,113454,91],{"class":66},[52,113456,2801],{"class":103},[52,113458,107],{"class":66},[52,113460,113461],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113462,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113464,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473,113475],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113466,257],{"class":58},[52,113468,121],{"class":66},[52,113470,111423],{"class":124},[52,113472,145],{"class":66},[52,113474,345],{"class":124},[52,113476,151],{"class":66},[52,113478,113479,113481,113483,113485],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,113480,142],{"class":141},[52,113482,145],{"class":66},[52,113484,257],{"class":124},[52,113486,151],{"class":66},[20,113488,173],{},[43,113490,113491],{"className":45,"code":100661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113492,113493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113494,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113496,183],{"class":66},[52,113498,3339],{"class":103},[52,113500,91],{"class":66},[52,113502,1378],{"class":103},[52,113504,107],{"class":66},[20,113506,8850,113507,113509],{},[15,113508,102953],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113511,113512],{},"Fix it like this:",[43,113514,113516],{"className":45,"code":113515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113517,113518,113534,113550,113554,113572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113521,2905],{"class":58},[52,113523,63],{"class":62},[52,113525,67],{"class":66},[52,113527,3339],{"class":103},[52,113529,91],{"class":66},[52,113531,1378],{"class":103},[52,113533,107],{"class":66},[52,113535,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113537,2933],{"class":58},[52,113539,63],{"class":62},[52,113541,67],{"class":66},[52,113543,2404],{"class":103},[52,113545,91],{"class":66},[52,113547,2801],{"class":103},[52,113549,107],{"class":66},[52,113551,113552],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113553,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113555,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113557,2905],{"class":58},[52,113559,63],{"class":62},[52,113561,57036],{"class":58},[52,113563,121],{"class":66},[52,113565,111423],{"class":124},[52,113567,145],{"class":66},[52,113569,345],{"class":124},[52,113571,151],{"class":66},[52,113573,113574,113576,113578,113580],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,113575,142],{"class":141},[52,113577,145],{"class":66},[52,113579,257],{"class":124},[52,113581,151],{"class":66},[1335,113583,113585],{"id":113584},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113587,113588],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[43,113590,113592],{"className":45,"code":113591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113593,113594,113610,113626,113630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113595,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113597,2905],{"class":58},[52,113599,63],{"class":62},[52,113601,67],{"class":66},[52,113603,2410],{"class":103},[52,113605,91],{"class":66},[52,113607,1364],{"class":103},[52,113609,107],{"class":66},[52,113611,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113613,2933],{"class":58},[52,113615,63],{"class":62},[52,113617,67],{"class":66},[52,113619,2404],{"class":103},[52,113621,91],{"class":66},[52,113623,2807],{"class":103},[52,113625,107],{"class":66},[52,113627,113628],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113629,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,113631,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113633,142],{"class":141},[52,113635,145],{"class":66},[52,113637,257],{"class":124},[52,113639,121],{"class":66},[52,113641,111423],{"class":124},[52,113643,145],{"class":66},[52,113645,345],{"class":124},[52,113647,2120],{"class":66},[20,113649,113650],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1335,113652,113654],{"id":113653},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[43,113656,113658],{"className":45,"code":113657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113659,113660,113676,113698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113661,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113663,4423],{"class":58},[52,113665,63],{"class":62},[52,113667,67],{"class":66},[52,113669,71],{"class":70},[52,113671,58276],{"class":74},[52,113673,71],{"class":70},[52,113675,107],{"class":66},[52,113677,113678,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113679,2577],{"class":58},[52,113681,63],{"class":62},[52,113683,6522],{"class":58},[52,113685,121],{"class":66},[52,113687,111423],{"class":124},[52,113689,145],{"class":66},[52,113691,71],{"class":70},[52,113693,37187],{"class":74},[52,113695,71],{"class":70},[52,113697,151],{"class":66},[52,113699,113700,113702,113704,113706],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113701,142],{"class":141},[52,113703,145],{"class":66},[52,113705,2612],{"class":124},[52,113707,151],{"class":66},[20,113709,113710,113711,2536,113713,17199,113715,113717,113718,113720],{},"This adds ",[15,113712,66632],{},[15,113714,18224],{},[15,113716,113206],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113719,113190],{}," as one item.",[20,113722,113723],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[43,113725,113727],{"className":45,"code":113726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113728,113729,113745,113767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739,113741,113743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113732,4423],{"class":58},[52,113734,63],{"class":62},[52,113736,67],{"class":66},[52,113738,71],{"class":70},[52,113740,58276],{"class":74},[52,113742,71],{"class":70},[52,113744,107],{"class":66},[52,113746,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113748,2577],{"class":58},[52,113750,63],{"class":62},[52,113752,6522],{"class":58},[52,113754,121],{"class":66},[52,113756,111423],{"class":124},[52,113758,3336],{"class":66},[52,113760,71],{"class":70},[52,113762,37187],{"class":74},[52,113764,71],{"class":70},[52,113766,913],{"class":66},[52,113768,113769,113771,113773,113775],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113770,142],{"class":141},[52,113772,145],{"class":66},[52,113774,2612],{"class":124},[52,113776,151],{"class":66},[1335,113778,113780],{"id":113779},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113782,3186],{},[43,113784,113786],{"className":45,"code":113785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113787,113788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113789,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113791,15754],{"class":58},[52,113793,63],{"class":62},[52,113795,67],{"class":66},[52,113797,3339],{"class":103},[52,113799,91],{"class":66},[52,113801,1378],{"class":103},[52,113803,91],{"class":66},[52,113805,755],{"class":66},[52,113807,2410],{"class":103},[52,113809,91],{"class":66},[52,113811,2807],{"class":103},[52,113813,970],{"class":66},[20,113815,113816],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113818,113819,113820,80],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113821,102953],{},[43,113823,113825],{"className":45,"code":113824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113826,113827,113843,113865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113830,15754],{"class":58},[52,113832,63],{"class":62},[52,113834,67],{"class":66},[52,113836,3339],{"class":103},[52,113838,91],{"class":66},[52,113840,1378],{"class":103},[52,113842,107],{"class":66},[52,113844,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113846,2577],{"class":58},[52,113848,63],{"class":62},[52,113850,97078],{"class":58},[52,113852,121],{"class":66},[52,113854,111423],{"class":124},[52,113856,3336],{"class":66},[52,113858,2410],{"class":103},[52,113860,91],{"class":66},[52,113862,2807],{"class":103},[52,113864,913],{"class":66},[52,113866,113867,113869,113871,113873],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113868,142],{"class":141},[52,113870,145],{"class":66},[52,113872,2612],{"class":124},[52,113874,151],{"class":66},[38,113876,113878],{"id":113877},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113880,113881],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[234,113883,113884,113890,113897,113900],{},[237,113885,113886,113887,113889],{},"call ",[15,113888,102953],{}," without saving the returned set",[237,113891,113892,113893,9059,113895],{},"confuse ",[15,113894,102953],{},[15,113896,2263],{},[237,113898,113899],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[237,113901,113902],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113904,113905,113906,2218,113910,121],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[257,113907,3928,113908,2264],{"href":102942},[15,113909,106727],{},[257,113911,3928,113913,2264],{"href":113912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113914,100573],{},[20,113916,62445],{},[43,113918,113920],{"className":45,"code":113919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113921,113922,113932,113946,113956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113923,113924,113926,113928,113930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113925,142],{"class":141},[52,113927,145],{"class":66},[52,113929,15792],{"class":124},[52,113931,151],{"class":66},[52,113933,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,113935,142],{"class":141},[52,113937,145],{"class":66},[52,113939,3573],{"class":3251},[52,113941,145],{"class":66},[52,113943,15792],{"class":124},[52,113945,2120],{"class":66},[52,113947,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113949,142],{"class":141},[52,113951,145],{"class":66},[52,113953,2612],{"class":124},[52,113955,151],{"class":66},[52,113957,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113959,32287],{"class":141},[52,113961,145],{"class":66},[52,113963,6641],{"class":3251},[52,113965,121],{"class":66},[52,113967,111423],{"class":24881},[52,113969,151],{"class":66},[38,113971,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,113973,2195,113975,102893],{"id":113974},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113976,108197],{},[20,113978,102896],{},[1335,113980,5523,113982,113984],{"id":113981},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113983,102953],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113986,113987],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1335,113989,28461,113991,113993],{"id":113990},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113992,102953],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113995,42295,113996,113998],{},[15,113997,102953],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1335,114000,114002],{"id":114001},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114004,114005],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1335,114007,2215,114009,2218,114011,2221],{"id":114008},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114010,102953],{},[15,114012,114013],{},"|",[20,114015,114016,114017,114019,114020,114022],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114018,114013],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114021,102953],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[38,114024,2240],{"id":2239},[234,114026,114027,114031,114037,114043,114049],{},[237,114028,114029],{},[257,114030,96482],{"href":97653},[237,114032,114033],{},[257,114034,3928,114035,2264],{"href":98673},[15,114036,97468],{},[237,114038,114039],{},[257,114040,3928,114041,2264],{"href":102942},[15,114042,106727],{},[237,114044,114045],{},[257,114046,3928,114047,2264],{"href":113912},[15,114048,100573],{},[237,114050,114051],{},[257,114052,100498],{"href":99231},[2278,114054,114055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":114057},[114058,114059,114061,114062,114063,114064,114066,114072,114077,114084,114085,114096],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":112153,"depth":110,"text":114060},"What set.union() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":22099,"depth":110,"text":22100},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":112640,"depth":110,"text":114065},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112798,"depth":110,"text":114067,"children":114068},"Using union() with other iterables",[114069,114070,114071],{"id":112809,"depth":131,"text":112810},{"id":112929,"depth":131,"text":112930},{"id":113071,"depth":131,"text":113072},{"id":113209,"depth":110,"text":114073,"children":114074},"union() vs update()",[114075,114076],{"id":111423,"depth":131,"text":102953},{"id":30598,"depth":131,"text":2263},{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":114078},[114079,114081,114082,114083],{"id":113416,"depth":131,"text":114080},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113584,"depth":131,"text":113585},{"id":113653,"depth":131,"text":113654},{"id":113779,"depth":131,"text":113780},{"id":113877,"depth":110,"text":113878},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":114086},[114087,114089,114091,114093,114094],{"id":113974,"depth":131,"text":114088},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113981,"depth":131,"text":114090},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113990,"depth":131,"text":114092},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114001,"depth":131,"text":114002},{"id":114008,"depth":131,"text":114095},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112033,"description":114097},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114103,"title":114104,"body":114105,"description":115994,"extension":2310,"meta":115995,"navigation":134,"path":96967,"seo":115996,"stem":115997,"__hash__":115998},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114106,"toc":115960},[114107,114112,114117,114125,114127,114185,114190,114195,114199,114211,114214,114288,114293,114295,114297,114316,114318,114335,114338,114365,114367,114437,114441,114443,114449,114451,114512,114517,114519,114576,114580,114585,114650,114652,114672,114679,114683,114688,114773,114776,114783,114886,114890,114895,114953,114956,114967,114981,114988,115046,115053,115056,115066,115070,115128,115132,115198,115201,115259,115266,115273,115276,115280,115289,115358,115362,115368,115456,115466,115470,115474,115478,115481,115542,115547,115604,115608,115610,115645,115652,115654,115708,115715,115719,115722,115787,115796,115802,115859,115861,115866,115870,115874,115877,115884,115892,115896,115901,115905,115911,115913,115948,115957],[10,114108,96354,114110,18],{"id":114109},"python-set-update-method",[15,114111,2263],{},[20,114113,114114,114116],{},[15,114115,97468],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114118,114119,114120,114124],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[257,114121,114122],{"href":98654},[15,114123,96362],{},", which adds only one item.",[38,114126,3961],{"id":3960},[43,114128,114130],{"className":45,"code":114129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114131,114132,114148,114170,114180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114135,3971],{"class":58},[52,114137,63],{"class":62},[52,114139,67],{"class":66},[52,114141,3339],{"class":103},[52,114143,91],{"class":66},[52,114145,1378],{"class":103},[52,114147,107],{"class":66},[52,114149,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114151,4001],{"class":58},[52,114153,121],{"class":66},[52,114155,30598],{"class":124},[52,114157,3336],{"class":66},[52,114159,2404],{"class":103},[52,114161,91],{"class":66},[52,114163,2801],{"class":103},[52,114165,91],{"class":66},[52,114167,2807],{"class":103},[52,114169,913],{"class":66},[52,114171,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114173,142],{"class":141},[52,114175,145],{"class":66},[52,114177,4001],{"class":124},[52,114179,151],{"class":66},[52,114181,114182],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114183,114184],{"class":4017},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114186,222,114187,114189],{},[15,114188,2263],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[38,114191,4031,114193,4034],{"id":114192},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114194,97468],{},[20,114196,114197,80],{},[15,114198,97468],{},[234,114200,114201,114204,114206,114209],{},[237,114202,114203],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[237,114205,96469],{},[237,114207,114208],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[237,114210,96472],{},[20,114212,114213],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[43,114215,114217],{"className":45,"code":114216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114218,114219,114243,114269,114273,114283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114220,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114222,319],{"class":58},[52,114224,63],{"class":62},[52,114226,67],{"class":66},[52,114228,71],{"class":70},[52,114230,336],{"class":74},[52,114232,71],{"class":70},[52,114234,91],{"class":66},[52,114236,83],{"class":70},[52,114238,354],{"class":74},[52,114240,71],{"class":70},[52,114242,107],{"class":66},[52,114244,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114246,17630],{"class":58},[52,114248,121],{"class":66},[52,114250,30598],{"class":124},[52,114252,3336],{"class":66},[52,114254,71],{"class":70},[52,114256,354],{"class":74},[52,114258,71],{"class":70},[52,114260,91],{"class":66},[52,114262,83],{"class":70},[52,114264,17583],{"class":74},[52,114266,71],{"class":70},[52,114268,913],{"class":66},[52,114270,114271],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114272,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114274,114275,114277,114279,114281],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114276,142],{"class":141},[52,114278,145],{"class":66},[52,114280,17630],{"class":124},[52,114282,151],{"class":66},[52,114284,114285],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114286,114287],{"class":4017},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114289,21107,114290,114292],{},[15,114291,111188],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[38,114294,269],{"id":268},[20,114296,7571],{},[43,114298,114300],{"className":45,"code":114299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114301,114302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114303,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114305,15792],{"class":58},[52,114307,121],{"class":66},[52,114309,30598],{"class":124},[52,114311,145],{"class":66},[52,114313,4075],{"class":124},[52,114315,151],{"class":66},[20,114317,80354],{},[234,114319,114320,114323,114326,114329,114332],{},[237,114321,114322],{},"A list",[237,114324,114325],{},"A tuple",[237,114327,114328],{},"Another set",[237,114330,114331],{},"A string",[237,114333,114334],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114336,114337],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[43,114339,114341],{"className":45,"code":114340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114342,114343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114344,114345,114347,114349,114351,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114346,15792],{"class":58},[52,114348,121],{"class":66},[52,114350,30598],{"class":124},[52,114352,145],{"class":66},[52,114354,257],{"class":124},[52,114356,91],{"class":66},[52,114358,2910],{"class":124},[52,114360,91],{"class":66},[52,114362,10029],{"class":124},[52,114364,151],{"class":66},[20,114366,309],{},[43,114368,114370],{"className":45,"code":114369,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114371,114372,114384,114418,114422,114432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114373,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114375,4178],{"class":58},[52,114377,63],{"class":62},[52,114379,67],{"class":66},[52,114381,3339],{"class":103},[52,114383,107],{"class":66},[52,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114387,5712],{"class":58},[52,114389,121],{"class":66},[52,114391,30598],{"class":124},[52,114393,3336],{"class":66},[52,114395,2404],{"class":103},[52,114397,91],{"class":66},[52,114399,2801],{"class":103},[52,114401,18190],{"class":66},[52,114403,9588],{"class":66},[52,114405,2855],{"class":103},[52,114407,91],{"class":66},[52,114409,4959],{"class":103},[52,114411,2110],{"class":66},[52,114413,67],{"class":66},[52,114415,80745],{"class":103},[52,114417,30630],{"class":66},[52,114419,114420],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114421,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114423,114424,114426,114428,114430],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114425,142],{"class":141},[52,114427,145],{"class":66},[52,114429,5712],{"class":124},[52,114431,151],{"class":66},[52,114433,114434],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114435,114436],{"class":4017},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114438,96478,114439,121],{},[257,114440,96486],{"href":98037},[38,114442,22100],{"id":22099},[20,114444,114445,2746,114447,121],{},[15,114446,97468],{},[15,114448,4133],{},[20,114450,12048],{},[43,114452,114454],{"className":45,"code":114453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114455,114456,114472,114494,114498,114508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114457,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114459,3971],{"class":58},[52,114461,63],{"class":62},[52,114463,67],{"class":66},[52,114465,3339],{"class":103},[52,114467,91],{"class":66},[52,114469,1378],{"class":103},[52,114471,107],{"class":66},[52,114473,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114475,2577],{"class":58},[52,114477,63],{"class":62},[52,114479,4617],{"class":58},[52,114481,121],{"class":66},[52,114483,30598],{"class":124},[52,114485,3336],{"class":66},[52,114487,2410],{"class":103},[52,114489,91],{"class":66},[52,114491,2807],{"class":103},[52,114493,913],{"class":66},[52,114495,114496],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114497,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114499,114500,114502,114504,114506],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114501,142],{"class":141},[52,114503,145],{"class":66},[52,114505,2612],{"class":124},[52,114507,151],{"class":66},[52,114509,114510],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114511,61981],{"class":4017},[20,114513,114514,114515,121],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114516,2612],{},[20,114518,19097],{},[43,114520,114522],{"className":45,"code":114521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114523,114524,114540,114558,114562,114572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114525,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114527,3971],{"class":58},[52,114529,63],{"class":62},[52,114531,67],{"class":66},[52,114533,3339],{"class":103},[52,114535,91],{"class":66},[52,114537,1378],{"class":103},[52,114539,107],{"class":66},[52,114541,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114543,4001],{"class":58},[52,114545,121],{"class":66},[52,114547,30598],{"class":124},[52,114549,3336],{"class":66},[52,114551,2410],{"class":103},[52,114553,91],{"class":66},[52,114555,2807],{"class":103},[52,114557,913],{"class":66},[52,114559,114560],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114561,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114563,114564,114566,114568,114570],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114565,142],{"class":141},[52,114567,145],{"class":66},[52,114569,4001],{"class":124},[52,114571,151],{"class":66},[52,114573,114574],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114575,114184],{"class":4017},[38,114577,114579],{"id":114578},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114581,114582,114583,121],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114584,2263],{},[43,114586,114588],{"className":45,"code":114587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114589,114590,114606,114632,114636,114646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114591,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114593,3971],{"class":58},[52,114595,63],{"class":62},[52,114597,67],{"class":66},[52,114599,3339],{"class":103},[52,114601,91],{"class":66},[52,114603,1378],{"class":103},[52,114605,107],{"class":66},[52,114607,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114609,4001],{"class":58},[52,114611,121],{"class":66},[52,114613,30598],{"class":124},[52,114615,3336],{"class":66},[52,114617,2404],{"class":103},[52,114619,91],{"class":66},[52,114621,2801],{"class":103},[52,114623,91],{"class":66},[52,114625,2807],{"class":103},[52,114627,91],{"class":66},[52,114629,2807],{"class":103},[52,114631,913],{"class":66},[52,114633,114634],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114635,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114637,114638,114640,114642,114644],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114639,142],{"class":141},[52,114641,145],{"class":66},[52,114643,4001],{"class":124},[52,114645,151],{"class":66},[52,114647,114648],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114649,114184],{"class":4017},[20,114651,12017],{},[234,114653,114654,114659,114666],{},[237,114655,114656,114658],{},[15,114657,2404],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[237,114660,114661,2218,114663,114665],{},[15,114662,2410],{},[15,114664,2855],{}," are added",[237,114667,114668,114669,114671],{},"The second ",[15,114670,2855],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114673,114674,114675,114678],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[257,114676,114677],{"href":99231},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[38,114680,114682],{"id":114681},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114684,8116,114685,114687],{},[15,114686,2263],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[43,114689,114691],{"className":45,"code":114690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114692,114693,114714,114735,114739,114755,114759,114769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114694,114695,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114696,114697],{"class":58},"set_a ",[52,114699,63],{"class":62},[52,114701,67],{"class":66},[52,114703,3339],{"class":103},[52,114705,91],{"class":66},[52,114707,1378],{"class":103},[52,114709,91],{"class":66},[52,114711,2801],{"class":103},[52,114713,107],{"class":66},[52,114715,114716,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729,114731,114733],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114717,114718],{"class":58},"set_b ",[52,114720,63],{"class":62},[52,114722,67],{"class":66},[52,114724,2410],{"class":103},[52,114726,91],{"class":66},[52,114728,2807],{"class":103},[52,114730,91],{"class":66},[52,114732,4959],{"class":103},[52,114734,107],{"class":66},[52,114736,114737],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114738,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114740,114741,114744,114746,114748,114750,114753],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114742,114743],{"class":58},"set_a",[52,114745,121],{"class":66},[52,114747,30598],{"class":124},[52,114749,145],{"class":66},[52,114751,114752],{"class":124},"set_b",[52,114754,151],{"class":66},[52,114756,114757],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114758,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,114762,142],{"class":141},[52,114764,145],{"class":66},[52,114766,114743],{"class":124},[52,114768,151],{"class":66},[52,114770,114771],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,114772,112145],{"class":4017},[20,114774,114775],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114777,114778,114779,121],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[257,114780,114781],{"href":102950},[15,114782,108197],{},[43,114784,114786],{"className":45,"code":114785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114787,114788,114808,114828,114832,114852,114856,114867,114871,114881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114789,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114791,114697],{"class":58},[52,114793,63],{"class":62},[52,114795,67],{"class":66},[52,114797,3339],{"class":103},[52,114799,91],{"class":66},[52,114801,1378],{"class":103},[52,114803,91],{"class":66},[52,114805,2801],{"class":103},[52,114807,107],{"class":66},[52,114809,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114811,114718],{"class":58},[52,114813,63],{"class":62},[52,114815,67],{"class":66},[52,114817,2410],{"class":103},[52,114819,91],{"class":66},[52,114821,2807],{"class":103},[52,114823,91],{"class":66},[52,114825,4959],{"class":103},[52,114827,107],{"class":66},[52,114829,114830],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114831,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114833,114834,114837,114839,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114835,114836],{"class":58},"combined ",[52,114838,63],{"class":62},[52,114840,114841],{"class":58}," set_a",[52,114843,121],{"class":66},[52,114845,111423],{"class":124},[52,114847,145],{"class":66},[52,114849,114752],{"class":124},[52,114851,151],{"class":66},[52,114853,114854],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114855,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114857,114858,114860,114862,114865],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,114859,142],{"class":141},[52,114861,145],{"class":66},[52,114863,114864],{"class":124},"combined",[52,114866,151],{"class":66},[52,114868,114869],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,114870,112145],{"class":4017},[52,114872,114873,114875,114877,114879],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,114874,142],{"class":141},[52,114876,145],{"class":66},[52,114878,114743],{"class":124},[52,114880,151],{"class":66},[52,114882,114883],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,114884,114885],{"class":4017},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[38,114887,114889],{"id":114888},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114891,64890,114892,114894],{},[15,114893,2263],{}," adds each character separately.",[43,114896,114898],{"className":45,"code":114897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114899,114900,114916,114934,114938,114948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114901,114902,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114903,36229],{"class":58},[52,114905,63],{"class":62},[52,114907,67],{"class":66},[52,114909,71],{"class":70},[52,114911,1357],{"class":74},[52,114913,71],{"class":70},[52,114915,107],{"class":66},[52,114917,114918,114920,114922,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,114919,36282],{"class":58},[52,114921,121],{"class":66},[52,114923,30598],{"class":124},[52,114925,145],{"class":66},[52,114927,71],{"class":70},[52,114929,37187],{"class":74},[52,114931,71],{"class":70},[52,114933,151],{"class":66},[52,114935,114936],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114937,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,114939,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114941,142],{"class":141},[52,114943,145],{"class":66},[52,114945,36282],{"class":124},[52,114947,151],{"class":66},[52,114949,114950],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,114951,114952],{"class":4017},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114954,114955],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114957,114958,1329,114961,114963,114964,114966],{},[15,114959,114960],{},"update(\"cat\")",[33,114962,1332],{}," add ",[15,114965,113190],{}," as one item. It adds:",[234,114968,114969,114973,114977],{},[237,114970,114971],{},[15,114972,66632],{},[237,114974,114975],{},[15,114976,18224],{},[237,114978,114979],{},[15,114980,113206],{},[20,114982,114983,114984,80],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[257,114985,114986],{"href":98654},[15,114987,96362],{},[43,114989,114991],{"className":45,"code":114990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114992,114993,115009,115027,115031,115041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114994,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114996,4423],{"class":58},[52,114998,63],{"class":62},[52,115000,67],{"class":66},[52,115002,71],{"class":70},[52,115004,58276],{"class":74},[52,115006,71],{"class":70},[52,115008,107],{"class":66},[52,115010,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115012,4467],{"class":58},[52,115014,121],{"class":66},[52,115016,82257],{"class":124},[52,115018,145],{"class":66},[52,115020,71],{"class":70},[52,115022,37187],{"class":74},[52,115024,71],{"class":70},[52,115026,151],{"class":66},[52,115028,115029],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115030,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115032,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115034,142],{"class":141},[52,115036,145],{"class":66},[52,115038,4467],{"class":124},[52,115040,151],{"class":66},[52,115042,115043],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115044,115045],{"class":4017},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[38,115047,115049,10931,115051],{"id":115048},"update-vs-add",[15,115050,2263],{},[15,115052,96357],{},[20,115054,115055],{},"The difference is simple:",[234,115057,115058,115062],{},[237,115059,115060,96956],{},[15,115061,96357],{},[237,115063,115064,96961],{},[15,115065,2263],{},[20,115067,46185,115068,80],{},[15,115069,96357],{},[43,115071,115073],{"className":45,"code":115072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115074,115075,115091,115109,115113,115123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115076,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115078,36378],{"class":58},[52,115080,63],{"class":62},[52,115082,67],{"class":66},[52,115084,71],{"class":70},[52,115086,4432],{"class":74},[52,115088,71],{"class":70},[52,115090,107],{"class":66},[52,115092,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115094,36430],{"class":58},[52,115096,121],{"class":66},[52,115098,82257],{"class":124},[52,115100,145],{"class":66},[52,115102,71],{"class":70},[52,115104,4441],{"class":74},[52,115106,71],{"class":70},[52,115108,151],{"class":66},[52,115110,115111],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115112,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115114,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115116,142],{"class":141},[52,115118,145],{"class":66},[52,115120,36430],{"class":124},[52,115122,151],{"class":66},[52,115124,115125],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115126,115127],{"class":4017},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115129,46185,115130,80],{},[15,115131,2263],{},[43,115133,115135],{"className":45,"code":115134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115136,115137,115153,115179,115183,115193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115138,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149,115151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115140,36378],{"class":58},[52,115142,63],{"class":62},[52,115144,67],{"class":66},[52,115146,71],{"class":70},[52,115148,4432],{"class":74},[52,115150,71],{"class":70},[52,115152,107],{"class":66},[52,115154,115155,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115156,36430],{"class":58},[52,115158,121],{"class":66},[52,115160,30598],{"class":124},[52,115162,3336],{"class":66},[52,115164,71],{"class":70},[52,115166,4441],{"class":74},[52,115168,71],{"class":70},[52,115170,91],{"class":66},[52,115172,83],{"class":70},[52,115174,33356],{"class":74},[52,115176,71],{"class":70},[52,115178,913],{"class":66},[52,115180,115181],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115182,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115184,115185,115187,115189,115191],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115186,142],{"class":141},[52,115188,145],{"class":66},[52,115190,36430],{"class":124},[52,115192,151],{"class":66},[52,115194,115195],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115196,115197],{"class":4017},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115199,115200],{},"Important warning with strings:",[43,115202,115204],{"className":45,"code":115203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115205,115206,115222,115240,115244,115254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115207,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115209,36378],{"class":58},[52,115211,63],{"class":62},[52,115213,67],{"class":66},[52,115215,71],{"class":70},[52,115217,4432],{"class":74},[52,115219,71],{"class":70},[52,115221,107],{"class":66},[52,115223,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115225,36430],{"class":58},[52,115227,121],{"class":66},[52,115229,30598],{"class":124},[52,115231,145],{"class":66},[52,115233,71],{"class":70},[52,115235,38482],{"class":74},[52,115237,71],{"class":70},[52,115239,151],{"class":66},[52,115241,115242],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115243,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115245,115246,115248,115250,115252],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115247,142],{"class":141},[52,115249,145],{"class":66},[52,115251,36430],{"class":124},[52,115253,151],{"class":66},[52,115255,115256],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115257,115258],{"class":4017},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115260,62256,115261,62329,115264,6983],{},[15,115262,115263],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115265,96357],{},[38,115267,115269,10931,115271],{"id":115268},"update-vs-union",[15,115270,2263],{},[15,115272,102953],{},[20,115274,115275],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1335,115277,115278],{"id":30598},[15,115279,2263],{},[234,115281,115282,115285],{},[237,115283,115284],{},"Changes the existing set",[237,115286,11763,115287],{},[15,115288,4133],{},[43,115290,115292],{"className":45,"code":115291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115293,115294,115310,115326,115330,115344,115354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115295,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115297,2905],{"class":58},[52,115299,63],{"class":62},[52,115301,67],{"class":66},[52,115303,3339],{"class":103},[52,115305,91],{"class":66},[52,115307,1378],{"class":103},[52,115309,107],{"class":66},[52,115311,115312,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115313,2933],{"class":58},[52,115315,63],{"class":62},[52,115317,67],{"class":66},[52,115319,2404],{"class":103},[52,115321,91],{"class":66},[52,115323,2801],{"class":103},[52,115325,107],{"class":66},[52,115327,115328],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115329,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115331,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115333,257],{"class":58},[52,115335,121],{"class":66},[52,115337,30598],{"class":124},[52,115339,145],{"class":66},[52,115341,345],{"class":124},[52,115343,151],{"class":66},[52,115345,115346,115348,115350,115352],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115347,142],{"class":141},[52,115349,145],{"class":66},[52,115351,257],{"class":124},[52,115353,151],{"class":66},[52,115355,115356],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,115357,114885],{"class":4017},[1335,115359,115360],{"id":111423},[15,115361,102953],{},[234,115363,115364,115366],{},[237,115365,101491],{},[237,115367,101494],{},[43,115369,115371],{"className":45,"code":115370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115372,115373,115389,115405,115409,115427,115437,115441,115451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115374,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115376,2905],{"class":58},[52,115378,63],{"class":62},[52,115380,67],{"class":66},[52,115382,3339],{"class":103},[52,115384,91],{"class":66},[52,115386,1378],{"class":103},[52,115388,107],{"class":66},[52,115390,115391,115393,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115392,2933],{"class":58},[52,115394,63],{"class":62},[52,115396,67],{"class":66},[52,115398,2404],{"class":103},[52,115400,91],{"class":66},[52,115402,2801],{"class":103},[52,115404,107],{"class":66},[52,115406,115407],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115408,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115410,115411,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115412,83337],{"class":58},[52,115414,63],{"class":62},[52,115416,57036],{"class":58},[52,115418,121],{"class":66},[52,115420,111423],{"class":124},[52,115422,145],{"class":66},[52,115424,345],{"class":124},[52,115426,151],{"class":66},[52,115428,115429,115431,115433,115435],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115430,142],{"class":141},[52,115432,145],{"class":66},[52,115434,10087],{"class":124},[52,115436,151],{"class":66},[52,115438,115439],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,115440,114885],{"class":4017},[52,115442,115443,115445,115447,115449],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,115444,142],{"class":141},[52,115446,145],{"class":66},[52,115448,257],{"class":124},[52,115450,151],{"class":66},[52,115452,115453],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,115454,115455],{"class":4017},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115457,107839,115458,115460,115461,115465],{},[15,115459,2263],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[257,115462,115463],{"href":102950},[15,115464,102953],{}," when you want a new set.",[38,115467,115469],{"id":115468},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115471,11091,115472,121],{},[15,115473,97468],{},[1335,115475,115477],{"id":115476},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115479,115480],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[43,115482,115484],{"className":45,"code":115483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115485,115486,115502,115524,115528,115538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115487,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115489,15754],{"class":58},[52,115491,63],{"class":62},[52,115493,67],{"class":66},[52,115495,3339],{"class":103},[52,115497,91],{"class":66},[52,115499,1378],{"class":103},[52,115501,107],{"class":66},[52,115503,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115505,2577],{"class":58},[52,115507,63],{"class":62},[52,115509,97078],{"class":58},[52,115511,121],{"class":66},[52,115513,30598],{"class":124},[52,115515,3336],{"class":66},[52,115517,2410],{"class":103},[52,115519,91],{"class":66},[52,115521,2807],{"class":103},[52,115523,913],{"class":66},[52,115525,115526],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115527,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115529,115530,115532,115534,115536],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115531,142],{"class":141},[52,115533,145],{"class":66},[52,115535,2612],{"class":124},[52,115537,151],{"class":66},[52,115539,115540],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115541,61981],{"class":4017},[20,115543,115544,115545,80],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115546,2263],{},[43,115548,115550],{"className":45,"code":115549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115551,115552,115568,115586,115590,115600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115553,115554,115556,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115555,15754],{"class":58},[52,115557,63],{"class":62},[52,115559,67],{"class":66},[52,115561,3339],{"class":103},[52,115563,91],{"class":66},[52,115565,1378],{"class":103},[52,115567,107],{"class":66},[52,115569,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580,115582,115584],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115571,15792],{"class":58},[52,115573,121],{"class":66},[52,115575,30598],{"class":124},[52,115577,3336],{"class":66},[52,115579,2410],{"class":103},[52,115581,91],{"class":66},[52,115583,2807],{"class":103},[52,115585,913],{"class":66},[52,115587,115588],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115589,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115591,115592,115594,115596,115598],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115593,142],{"class":141},[52,115595,145],{"class":66},[52,115597,15792],{"class":124},[52,115599,151],{"class":66},[52,115601,115602],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115603,114184],{"class":4017},[1335,115605,115607],{"id":115606},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115609,3186],{},[43,115611,115613],{"className":45,"code":115612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115614,115615,115631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115616,115617,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115618,15754],{"class":58},[52,115620,63],{"class":62},[52,115622,67],{"class":66},[52,115624,3339],{"class":103},[52,115626,91],{"class":66},[52,115628,1378],{"class":103},[52,115630,107],{"class":66},[52,115632,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115634,15792],{"class":58},[52,115636,121],{"class":66},[52,115638,30598],{"class":124},[52,115640,145],{"class":66},[52,115642,2484],{"class":103},[52,115644,151],{"class":66},[20,115646,62435,115647,8956,115649,115651],{},[15,115648,3355],{},[15,115650,2484],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115653,6906],{},[43,115655,115657],{"className":45,"code":115656,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115658,115659,115675,115689,115693,115703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115662,15754],{"class":58},[52,115664,63],{"class":62},[52,115666,67],{"class":66},[52,115668,3339],{"class":103},[52,115670,91],{"class":66},[52,115672,1378],{"class":103},[52,115674,107],{"class":66},[52,115676,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115678,15792],{"class":58},[52,115680,121],{"class":66},[52,115682,30598],{"class":124},[52,115684,3336],{"class":66},[52,115686,2484],{"class":103},[52,115688,913],{"class":66},[52,115690,115691],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115692,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115694,115695,115697,115699,115701],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115696,142],{"class":141},[52,115698,145],{"class":66},[52,115700,15792],{"class":124},[52,115702,151],{"class":66},[52,115704,115705],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115706,115707],{"class":4017},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115709,46058,115710,121],{},[257,115711,25811,115712],{"href":52747},[15,115713,115714],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1335,115716,115718],{"id":115717},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115720,115721],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[43,115723,115725],{"className":45,"code":115724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115726,115727,115743,115769,115773,115783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115728,115729,115731,115733,115735,115737,115739,115741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115730,15754],{"class":58},[52,115732,63],{"class":62},[52,115734,67],{"class":66},[52,115736,3339],{"class":103},[52,115738,91],{"class":66},[52,115740,1378],{"class":103},[52,115742,107],{"class":66},[52,115744,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115746,15792],{"class":58},[52,115748,121],{"class":66},[52,115750,30598],{"class":124},[52,115752,3336],{"class":66},[52,115754,2404],{"class":103},[52,115756,91],{"class":66},[52,115758,1378],{"class":103},[52,115760,91],{"class":66},[52,115762,1378],{"class":103},[52,115764,91],{"class":66},[52,115766,2801],{"class":103},[52,115768,913],{"class":66},[52,115770,115771],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115772,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115774,115775,115777,115779,115781],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115776,142],{"class":141},[52,115778,145],{"class":66},[52,115780,15792],{"class":124},[52,115782,151],{"class":66},[52,115784,115785],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115786,114885],{"class":4017},[1335,115788,115790,115791,44774,115793,115795],{"id":115789},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115792,2263],{},[15,115794,96357],{}," is better",[20,115797,115798,115799,115801],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115800,96357],{}," is usually the better choice.",[43,115803,115805],{"className":45,"code":115804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115806,115807,115823,115841,115845,115855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115808,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115810,15754],{"class":58},[52,115812,63],{"class":62},[52,115814,67],{"class":66},[52,115816,71],{"class":70},[52,115818,58276],{"class":74},[52,115820,71],{"class":70},[52,115822,107],{"class":66},[52,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,115826,15792],{"class":58},[52,115828,121],{"class":66},[52,115830,82257],{"class":124},[52,115832,145],{"class":66},[52,115834,71],{"class":70},[52,115836,37187],{"class":74},[52,115838,71],{"class":70},[52,115840,151],{"class":66},[52,115842,115843],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115844,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,115846,115847,115849,115851,115853],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115848,142],{"class":141},[52,115850,145],{"class":66},[52,115852,15792],{"class":124},[52,115854,151],{"class":66},[52,115856,115857],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,115858,115045],{"class":4017},[38,115860,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,115862,2195,115864,97447],{"id":115863},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115865,97468],{},[20,115867,97450,115868,121],{},[15,115869,4133],{},[1335,115871,28461,115872,32361],{"id":32358},[15,115873,2263],{},[20,115875,115876],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1335,115878,2215,115880,2218,115882,2221],{"id":115879},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115881,96357],{},[15,115883,2263],{},[20,115885,115886,115888,115889,115891],{},[15,115887,96357],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115890,2263],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1335,115893,115895],{"id":115894},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115897,115898,115899,114894],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115900,2263],{},[1335,115902,115904],{"id":115903},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115906,222,115907,2034,115909,121],{},[15,115908,102953],{},[15,115910,2263],{},[38,115912,2240],{"id":2239},[234,115914,115915,115922,115929,115935,115941],{},[237,115916,115917],{},[257,115918,115919],{"href":98654},[15,115920,115921],{},"Python set add() method",[237,115923,115924],{},[257,115925,115926],{"href":102950},[15,115927,115928],{},"Python set union() method",[237,115930,115931],{},[257,115932,115933],{"href":98037},[15,115934,97492],{},[237,115936,115937],{},[257,115938,115939],{"href":99231},[15,115940,100498],{},[237,115942,115943],{},[257,115944,115945,115947],{"href":52747},[15,115946,115714],{}," fix",[20,115949,115950,115951,115953,115954,115956],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115952,96362],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115955,108197],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2278,115958,115959],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":115961},[115962,115963,115965,115966,115967,115968,115969,115970,115972,115977,115984,115993],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":114192,"depth":110,"text":115964},"What set.update() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":22099,"depth":110,"text":22100},{"id":114578,"depth":110,"text":114579},{"id":114681,"depth":110,"text":114682},{"id":114888,"depth":110,"text":114889},{"id":115048,"depth":110,"text":115971},"update() vs add()",{"id":115268,"depth":110,"text":115973,"children":115974},"update() vs union()",[115975,115976],{"id":30598,"depth":131,"text":2263},{"id":111423,"depth":131,"text":102953},{"id":115468,"depth":110,"text":115469,"children":115978},[115979,115980,115981,115982],{"id":115476,"depth":131,"text":115477},{"id":115606,"depth":131,"text":115607},{"id":115717,"depth":131,"text":115718},{"id":115789,"depth":131,"text":115983},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":115985},[115986,115988,115989,115991,115992],{"id":115863,"depth":131,"text":115987},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32358,"depth":131,"text":32431},{"id":115879,"depth":131,"text":115990},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115894,"depth":131,"text":115895},{"id":115903,"depth":131,"text":115904},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114104,"description":115994},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116000,"title":116001,"body":116002,"description":117768,"extension":2310,"meta":117769,"navigation":134,"path":1058,"seo":117770,"stem":117771,"__hash__":117772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116003,"toc":117743},[116004,116007,116010,116013,116024,116032,116035,116037,116186,116198,116202,116219,116223,116231,116233,116244,116246,116343,116349,116352,116448,116457,116462,116466,116471,116473,116483,116485,116594,116602,116606,116609,116612,116629,116635,116715,116718,116722,116725,116729,116732,116791,116794,116798,116801,116893,116897,116900,117007,117011,117017,117045,117047,117129,117139,117143,117146,117157,117160,117245,117248,117253,117257,117260,117271,117274,117416,117419,117423,117426,117440,117443,117504,117510,117512,117515,117537,117540,117640,117643,117675,117677,117681,117684,117686,117689,117693,117696,117700,117703,117707,117710,117712,117740],[10,116005,116001],{"id":116006},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116008,116009],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116011,116012],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[234,116014,116015,116018,116021],{},[237,116016,116017],{},"a list inside another list",[237,116019,116020],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[237,116022,116023],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116025,100420,116026,2218,116028,116031],{},[33,116027,35],{},[33,116029,116030],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116033,116034],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[38,116036,41],{"id":40},[43,116038,116040],{"className":45,"code":116039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116041,116042,116049,116053,116079,116099,116119,116123,116141,116145,116158,116172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116043,116044,116046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116045,35228],{"class":163},[52,116047,116048],{"class":58}," copy\n",[52,116050,116051],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116052,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116054,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116056,1348],{"class":58},[52,116058,63],{"class":62},[52,116060,56442],{"class":66},[52,116062,3339],{"class":103},[52,116064,91],{"class":66},[52,116066,1378],{"class":103},[52,116068,18190],{"class":66},[52,116070,755],{"class":66},[52,116072,2410],{"class":103},[52,116074,91],{"class":66},[52,116076,2807],{"class":103},[52,116078,53390],{"class":66},[52,116080,116081,116084,116086,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116082,116083],{"class":58},"shallow ",[52,116085,63],{"class":62},[52,116087,116088],{"class":58}," copy",[52,116090,121],{"class":66},[52,116092,125],{"class":124},[52,116094,145],{"class":66},[52,116096,2068],{"class":124},[52,116098,151],{"class":66},[52,116100,116101,116104,116106,116108,116110,116113,116115,116117],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116102,116103],{"class":58},"deep ",[52,116105,63],{"class":62},[52,116107,116088],{"class":58},[52,116109,121],{"class":66},[52,116111,116112],{"class":124},"deepcopy",[52,116114,145],{"class":66},[52,116116,2068],{"class":124},[52,116118,151],{"class":66},[52,116120,116121],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,116122,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116124,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,116126,2068],{"class":58},[52,116128,513],{"class":66},[52,116130,2467],{"class":103},[52,116132,808],{"class":66},[52,116134,811],{"class":124},[52,116136,145],{"class":66},[52,116138,56495],{"class":103},[52,116140,151],{"class":66},[52,116142,116143],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,116144,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116146,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,116148,142],{"class":141},[52,116150,145],{"class":66},[52,116152,2068],{"class":124},[52,116154,4014],{"class":66},[52,116156,116157],{"class":4017},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116159,116160,116162,116164,116167,116169],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,116161,142],{"class":141},[52,116163,145],{"class":66},[52,116165,116166],{"class":124},"shallow",[52,116168,4014],{"class":66},[52,116170,116171],{"class":4017},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116173,116174,116176,116178,116181,116183],{"class":54,"line":845},[52,116175,142],{"class":141},[52,116177,145],{"class":66},[52,116179,116180],{"class":124},"deep",[52,116182,4014],{"class":66},[52,116184,116185],{"class":4017},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116187,222,116188,116191,116192,2218,116194,116197],{},[15,116189,116190],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[33,116193,35],{},[15,116195,116196],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[38,116199,116201],{"id":116200},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[234,116203,116204,116207,116210,116213,116216],{},[237,116205,116206],{},"What a copy means in Python",[237,116208,116209],{},"How shallow copy works",[237,116211,116212],{},"How deep copy works",[237,116214,116215],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[237,116217,116218],{},"When to use each approach",[38,116220,116222],{"id":116221},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116224,15314,116225,116227,116228,116230],{},[33,116226,35],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[33,116229,1332],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116232,694],{},[234,116234,116235,116238,116241],{},[237,116236,116237],{},"the outer container is new",[237,116239,116240],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[237,116242,116243],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116245,309],{},[43,116247,116249],{"className":45,"code":116248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116250,116251,116277,116291,116295,116313,116317,116330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116252,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116254,1348],{"class":58},[52,116256,63],{"class":62},[52,116258,56442],{"class":66},[52,116260,3339],{"class":103},[52,116262,91],{"class":66},[52,116264,1378],{"class":103},[52,116266,18190],{"class":66},[52,116268,755],{"class":66},[52,116270,2410],{"class":103},[52,116272,91],{"class":66},[52,116274,2807],{"class":103},[52,116276,53390],{"class":66},[52,116278,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116280,1597],{"class":58},[52,116282,63],{"class":62},[52,116284,1435],{"class":58},[52,116286,121],{"class":66},[52,116288,125],{"class":124},[52,116290,128],{"class":66},[52,116292,116293],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116294,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116296,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116298,1616],{"class":58},[52,116300,121],{"class":66},[52,116302,811],{"class":124},[52,116304,3336],{"class":66},[52,116306,2484],{"class":103},[52,116308,91],{"class":66},[52,116310,37784],{"class":103},[52,116312,913],{"class":66},[52,116314,116315],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116316,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,116320,142],{"class":141},[52,116322,145],{"class":66},[52,116324,2068],{"class":124},[52,116326,4014],{"class":66},[52,116328,116329],{"class":4017},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116331,116332,116334,116336,116338,116340],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,116333,142],{"class":141},[52,116335,145],{"class":66},[52,116337,1616],{"class":124},[52,116339,4014],{"class":66},[52,116341,116342],{"class":4017},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116344,116345,116346,116348],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116347,1616],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116350,116351],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[43,116353,116355],{"className":45,"code":116354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116356,116357,116383,116397,116401,116419,116423,116435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116358,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116360,1348],{"class":58},[52,116362,63],{"class":62},[52,116364,56442],{"class":66},[52,116366,3339],{"class":103},[52,116368,91],{"class":66},[52,116370,1378],{"class":103},[52,116372,18190],{"class":66},[52,116374,755],{"class":66},[52,116376,2410],{"class":103},[52,116378,91],{"class":66},[52,116380,2807],{"class":103},[52,116382,53390],{"class":66},[52,116384,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116386,1597],{"class":58},[52,116388,63],{"class":62},[52,116390,1435],{"class":58},[52,116392,121],{"class":66},[52,116394,125],{"class":124},[52,116396,128],{"class":66},[52,116398,116399],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116400,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116402,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116404,1616],{"class":58},[52,116406,513],{"class":66},[52,116408,2467],{"class":103},[52,116410,808],{"class":66},[52,116412,811],{"class":124},[52,116414,145],{"class":66},[52,116416,56495],{"class":103},[52,116418,151],{"class":66},[52,116420,116421],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116422,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116424,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,116426,142],{"class":141},[52,116428,145],{"class":66},[52,116430,2068],{"class":124},[52,116432,4014],{"class":66},[52,116434,116157],{"class":4017},[52,116436,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,116438,142],{"class":141},[52,116440,145],{"class":66},[52,116442,1616],{"class":124},[52,116444,4014],{"class":66},[52,116446,116447],{"class":4017},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116449,116450,116451,2218,116453,116456],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116452,56599],{},[15,116454,116455],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116458,116459,116460,121],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[257,116461,44080],{"href":12398},[38,116463,116465],{"id":116464},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116467,15314,116468,116470],{},[33,116469,116030],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116472,694],{},[234,116474,116475,116477,116480],{},[237,116476,116237],{},[237,116478,116479],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[237,116481,116482],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116484,309],{},[43,116486,116488],{"className":45,"code":116487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116489,116490,116496,116500,116526,116544,116548,116566,116570,116582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116491,116492,116494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116493,35228],{"class":163},[52,116495,116048],{"class":58},[52,116497,116498],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116499,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116501,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116503,1348],{"class":58},[52,116505,63],{"class":62},[52,116507,56442],{"class":66},[52,116509,3339],{"class":103},[52,116511,91],{"class":66},[52,116513,1378],{"class":103},[52,116515,18190],{"class":66},[52,116517,755],{"class":66},[52,116519,2410],{"class":103},[52,116521,91],{"class":66},[52,116523,2807],{"class":103},[52,116525,53390],{"class":66},[52,116527,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116529,1597],{"class":58},[52,116531,63],{"class":62},[52,116533,116088],{"class":58},[52,116535,121],{"class":66},[52,116537,116112],{"class":124},[52,116539,145],{"class":66},[52,116541,2068],{"class":124},[52,116543,151],{"class":66},[52,116545,116546],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116547,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116549,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,116551,1616],{"class":58},[52,116553,513],{"class":66},[52,116555,2467],{"class":103},[52,116557,808],{"class":66},[52,116559,811],{"class":124},[52,116561,145],{"class":66},[52,116563,56495],{"class":103},[52,116565,151],{"class":66},[52,116567,116568],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,116569,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116571,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,116573,142],{"class":141},[52,116575,145],{"class":66},[52,116577,2068],{"class":124},[52,116579,4014],{"class":66},[52,116581,116329],{"class":4017},[52,116583,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,116585,142],{"class":141},[52,116587,145],{"class":66},[52,116589,1616],{"class":124},[52,116591,4014],{"class":66},[52,116593,116447],{"class":4017},[20,116595,116596,116597,116599,116600,121],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116598,116455],{}," does not change ",[15,116601,56599],{},[38,116603,116605],{"id":116604},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116607,116608],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116610,116611],{},"Common reasons:",[234,116613,116614,116617,116620,116626],{},[237,116615,116616],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[237,116618,116619],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[237,116621,116622,116623,116625],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116624,63],{}," does not make a copy",[237,116627,116628],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116630,116631,116632,116634],{},"For example, this does ",[33,116633,1332],{}," create a copy:",[43,116636,116638],{"className":45,"code":116637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116639,116640,116660,116668,116672,116686,116690,116702],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116641,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116643,1348],{"class":58},[52,116645,63],{"class":62},[52,116647,755],{"class":66},[52,116649,3339],{"class":103},[52,116651,91],{"class":66},[52,116653,1378],{"class":103},[52,116655,91],{"class":66},[52,116657,2801],{"class":103},[52,116659,766],{"class":66},[52,116661,116662,116664,116666],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116663,1597],{"class":58},[52,116665,63],{"class":62},[52,116667,1390],{"class":58},[52,116669,116670],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116671,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116673,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116675,1616],{"class":58},[52,116677,121],{"class":66},[52,116679,811],{"class":124},[52,116681,145],{"class":66},[52,116683,2855],{"class":103},[52,116685,151],{"class":66},[52,116687,116688],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116689,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116691,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,116693,142],{"class":141},[52,116695,145],{"class":66},[52,116697,2068],{"class":124},[52,116699,4014],{"class":66},[52,116701,55849],{"class":4017},[52,116703,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,116705,142],{"class":141},[52,116707,145],{"class":66},[52,116709,1616],{"class":124},[52,116711,4014],{"class":66},[52,116713,116714],{"class":4017},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116716,116717],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[38,116719,116721],{"id":116720},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116723,116724],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1335,116726,116728],{"id":116727},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116730,116731],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[43,116733,116735],{"className":45,"code":116734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116736,116737,116763,116771,116775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116738,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116740,1348],{"class":58},[52,116742,63],{"class":62},[52,116744,56442],{"class":66},[52,116746,3339],{"class":103},[52,116748,91],{"class":66},[52,116750,1378],{"class":103},[52,116752,18190],{"class":66},[52,116754,755],{"class":66},[52,116756,2410],{"class":103},[52,116758,91],{"class":66},[52,116760,2807],{"class":103},[52,116762,53390],{"class":66},[52,116764,116765,116767,116769],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116766,1385],{"class":58},[52,116768,63],{"class":62},[52,116770,1390],{"class":58},[52,116772,116773],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116774,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116776,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116778,142],{"class":141},[52,116780,145],{"class":66},[52,116782,1348],{"class":124},[52,116784,164],{"class":163},[52,116786,1455],{"class":124},[52,116788,4014],{"class":66},[52,116790,4018],{"class":4017},[20,116792,116793],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1335,116795,116797],{"id":116796},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116799,116800],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[43,116802,116804],{"className":45,"code":116803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116805,116806,116832,116846,116850,116867],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116807,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116809,1348],{"class":58},[52,116811,63],{"class":62},[52,116813,56442],{"class":66},[52,116815,3339],{"class":103},[52,116817,91],{"class":66},[52,116819,1378],{"class":103},[52,116821,18190],{"class":66},[52,116823,755],{"class":66},[52,116825,2410],{"class":103},[52,116827,91],{"class":66},[52,116829,2807],{"class":103},[52,116831,53390],{"class":66},[52,116833,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116835,116083],{"class":58},[52,116837,63],{"class":62},[52,116839,1435],{"class":58},[52,116841,121],{"class":66},[52,116843,125],{"class":124},[52,116845,128],{"class":66},[52,116847,116848],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116849,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116851,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116863,116865],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116853,142],{"class":141},[52,116855,145],{"class":66},[52,116857,1348],{"class":124},[52,116859,164],{"class":163},[52,116861,116862],{"class":124}," shallow",[52,116864,4014],{"class":66},[52,116866,21330],{"class":4017},[52,116868,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116870,142],{"class":141},[52,116872,145],{"class":66},[52,116874,2068],{"class":124},[52,116876,513],{"class":66},[52,116878,2467],{"class":103},[52,116880,522],{"class":66},[52,116882,900],{"class":163},[52,116884,116862],{"class":124},[52,116886,513],{"class":66},[52,116888,2467],{"class":103},[52,116890,20575],{"class":66},[52,116892,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,116894,116896],{"id":116895},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116898,116899],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[43,116901,116903],{"className":45,"code":116902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116904,116905,116911,116915,116941,116959,116963,116981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116906,116907,116909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116908,35228],{"class":163},[52,116910,116048],{"class":58},[52,116912,116913],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,116914,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116916,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116918,1348],{"class":58},[52,116920,63],{"class":62},[52,116922,56442],{"class":66},[52,116924,3339],{"class":103},[52,116926,91],{"class":66},[52,116928,1378],{"class":103},[52,116930,18190],{"class":66},[52,116932,755],{"class":66},[52,116934,2410],{"class":103},[52,116936,91],{"class":66},[52,116938,2807],{"class":103},[52,116940,53390],{"class":66},[52,116942,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116944,116103],{"class":58},[52,116946,63],{"class":62},[52,116948,116088],{"class":58},[52,116950,121],{"class":66},[52,116952,116112],{"class":124},[52,116954,145],{"class":66},[52,116956,2068],{"class":124},[52,116958,151],{"class":66},[52,116960,116961],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,116962,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,116964,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973,116976,116978],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,116966,142],{"class":141},[52,116968,145],{"class":66},[52,116970,1348],{"class":124},[52,116972,164],{"class":163},[52,116974,116975],{"class":124}," deep",[52,116977,4014],{"class":66},[52,116979,116980],{"class":4017},"         # False\n",[52,116982,116983,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,116984,142],{"class":141},[52,116986,145],{"class":66},[52,116988,2068],{"class":124},[52,116990,513],{"class":66},[52,116992,2467],{"class":103},[52,116994,522],{"class":66},[52,116996,900],{"class":163},[52,116998,116975],{"class":124},[52,117000,513],{"class":66},[52,117002,2467],{"class":103},[52,117004,20575],{"class":66},[52,117006,44016],{"class":4017},[38,117008,117010],{"id":117009},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117012,117013,117014,80],{},"These all make ",[33,117015,117016],{},"shallow copies",[234,117018,117019,117023,117027,117032,117038],{},[237,117020,117021],{},[15,117022,55749],{},[237,117024,117025],{},[15,117026,24],{},[237,117028,117029],{},[15,117030,117031],{},"set.copy()",[237,117033,117034,117035],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117036,117037],{},"my_list[:]",[237,117039,117040,117042,117043,35218],{},[15,117041,116190],{}," from the ",[15,117044,125],{},[20,117046,2473],{},[43,117048,117050],{"className":45,"code":117049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117051,117052,117072,117076,117090,117101,117105,117117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068,117070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117055,3971],{"class":58},[52,117057,63],{"class":62},[52,117059,755],{"class":66},[52,117061,3339],{"class":103},[52,117063,91],{"class":66},[52,117065,1378],{"class":103},[52,117067,91],{"class":66},[52,117069,2801],{"class":103},[52,117071,766],{"class":66},[52,117073,117074],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,117075,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117077,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117079,2905],{"class":58},[52,117081,63],{"class":62},[52,117083,4617],{"class":58},[52,117085,121],{"class":66},[52,117087,125],{"class":124},[52,117089,128],{"class":66},[52,117091,117092,117094,117096,117098],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117093,2933],{"class":58},[52,117095,63],{"class":62},[52,117097,4617],{"class":58},[52,117099,117100],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[52,117102,117103],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,117104,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117106,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,117108,142],{"class":141},[52,117110,145],{"class":66},[52,117112,257],{"class":124},[52,117114,4014],{"class":66},[52,117116,55080],{"class":4017},[52,117118,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,117120,142],{"class":141},[52,117122,145],{"class":66},[52,117124,345],{"class":124},[52,117126,4014],{"class":66},[52,117128,55080],{"class":4017},[20,117130,73291,117131,47679,117135,121],{},[257,117132,117133,2264],{"href":55108},[15,117134,55749],{},[257,117136,117137,2264],{"href":12760},[15,117138,24],{},[38,117140,117142],{"id":117141},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117144,117145],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[234,117147,117148,117151,117154],{},[237,117149,117150],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[237,117152,117153],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[237,117155,117156],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117158,117159],{},"Example with a flat list:",[43,117161,117163],{"className":45,"code":117162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117164,117165,117185,117199,117203,117217,117221,117233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117166,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117168,1348],{"class":58},[52,117170,63],{"class":62},[52,117172,755],{"class":66},[52,117174,3339],{"class":103},[52,117176,91],{"class":66},[52,117178,1378],{"class":103},[52,117180,91],{"class":66},[52,117182,2801],{"class":103},[52,117184,766],{"class":66},[52,117186,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,117188,1597],{"class":58},[52,117190,63],{"class":62},[52,117192,1435],{"class":58},[52,117194,121],{"class":66},[52,117196,125],{"class":124},[52,117198,128],{"class":66},[52,117200,117201],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117202,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117204,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117206,1616],{"class":58},[52,117208,121],{"class":66},[52,117210,811],{"class":124},[52,117212,145],{"class":66},[52,117214,2855],{"class":103},[52,117216,151],{"class":66},[52,117218,117219],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,117220,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117222,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,117224,142],{"class":141},[52,117226,145],{"class":66},[52,117228,2068],{"class":124},[52,117230,4014],{"class":66},[52,117232,55080],{"class":4017},[52,117234,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,117236,142],{"class":141},[52,117238,145],{"class":66},[52,117240,1616],{"class":124},[52,117242,4014],{"class":66},[52,117244,116714],{"class":4017},[20,117246,117247],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117249,117250,117251,121],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[257,117252,2187],{"href":57368},[38,117254,117256],{"id":117255},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117258,117259],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[234,117261,117262,117265,117268],{},[237,117263,117264],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[237,117266,117267],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[237,117269,117270],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117272,117273],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[43,117275,117277],{"className":45,"code":117276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117278,117279,117285,117289,117315,117329,117347,117351,117373,117377,117390,117403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117280,117281,117283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117282,35228],{"class":163},[52,117284,116048],{"class":58},[52,117286,117287],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,117288,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117290,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117292,1348],{"class":58},[52,117294,63],{"class":62},[52,117296,67],{"class":66},[52,117298,71],{"class":70},[52,117300,16515],{"class":74},[52,117302,71],{"class":70},[52,117304,80],{"class":66},[52,117306,755],{"class":66},[52,117308,2679],{"class":103},[52,117310,91],{"class":66},[52,117312,104],{"class":103},[52,117314,970],{"class":66},[52,117316,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117318,116083],{"class":58},[52,117320,63],{"class":62},[52,117322,1435],{"class":58},[52,117324,121],{"class":66},[52,117326,125],{"class":124},[52,117328,128],{"class":66},[52,117330,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,117332,116103],{"class":58},[52,117334,63],{"class":62},[52,117336,116088],{"class":58},[52,117338,121],{"class":66},[52,117340,116112],{"class":124},[52,117342,145],{"class":66},[52,117344,2068],{"class":124},[52,117346,151],{"class":66},[52,117348,117349],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,117350,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117352,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,117354,2068],{"class":58},[52,117356,513],{"class":66},[52,117358,71],{"class":70},[52,117360,16515],{"class":74},[52,117362,71],{"class":70},[52,117364,808],{"class":66},[52,117366,811],{"class":124},[52,117368,145],{"class":66},[52,117370,36981],{"class":103},[52,117372,151],{"class":66},[52,117374,117375],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,117376,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117378,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,117380,142],{"class":141},[52,117382,145],{"class":66},[52,117384,2068],{"class":124},[52,117386,4014],{"class":66},[52,117388,117389],{"class":4017},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117391,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":54,"line":826},[52,117393,142],{"class":141},[52,117395,145],{"class":66},[52,117397,116166],{"class":124},[52,117399,4014],{"class":66},[52,117401,117402],{"class":4017},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117404,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413],{"class":54,"line":845},[52,117406,142],{"class":141},[52,117408,145],{"class":66},[52,117410,116180],{"class":124},[52,117412,4014],{"class":66},[52,117414,117415],{"class":4017},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117417,117418],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[38,117420,117422],{"id":117421},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117424,117425],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[234,117427,117428,117431,117434,117437],{},[237,117429,117430],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[237,117432,117433],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[237,117435,117436],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[237,117438,117439],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117441,117442],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[43,117444,117446],{"className":45,"code":117445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117447,117448,117456,117464,117468,117476,117480,117492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117449,117450,117452,117454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117451,2905],{"class":58},[52,117453,63],{"class":62},[52,117455,1883],{"class":103},[52,117457,117458,117460,117462],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,117459,2933],{"class":58},[52,117461,63],{"class":62},[52,117463,36314],{"class":58},[52,117465,117466],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117467,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117469,117470,117472,117474],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117471,2933],{"class":58},[52,117473,63],{"class":62},[52,117475,1903],{"class":103},[52,117477,117478],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,117479,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117481,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,117483,142],{"class":141},[52,117485,145],{"class":66},[52,117487,257],{"class":124},[52,117489,4014],{"class":66},[52,117491,26927],{"class":4017},[52,117493,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,117495,142],{"class":141},[52,117497,145],{"class":66},[52,117499,345],{"class":124},[52,117501,4014],{"class":66},[52,117503,27748],{"class":4017},[20,117505,93662,117506,117509],{},[257,117507,117508],{"href":12398},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[38,117511,2022],{"id":2021},[20,117513,117514],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[234,117516,117517,117521,117526,117531,117534],{},[237,117518,1326,117519,56932],{},[15,117520,63],{},[237,117522,1326,117523,117525],{},[15,117524,55749],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[237,117527,1326,117528,117530],{},[15,117529,24],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[237,117532,117533],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[237,117535,117536],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117538,117539],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[43,117541,117543],{"className":45,"code":117542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117544,117545,117559,117573,117595,117626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117546,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117548,142],{"class":141},[52,117550,145],{"class":66},[52,117552,1348],{"class":124},[52,117554,164],{"class":163},[52,117556,1670],{"class":124},[52,117558,151],{"class":66},[52,117560,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,117562,142],{"class":141},[52,117564,145],{"class":66},[52,117566,1348],{"class":124},[52,117568,5042],{"class":62},[52,117570,1670],{"class":124},[52,117572,151],{"class":66},[52,117574,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117576,142],{"class":141},[52,117578,145],{"class":66},[52,117580,2103],{"class":141},[52,117582,145],{"class":66},[52,117584,2068],{"class":124},[52,117586,2110],{"class":66},[52,117588,2113],{"class":141},[52,117590,145],{"class":66},[52,117592,1616],{"class":124},[52,117594,2120],{"class":66},[52,117596,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117598,142],{"class":141},[52,117600,145],{"class":66},[52,117602,2103],{"class":141},[52,117604,145],{"class":66},[52,117606,2068],{"class":124},[52,117608,513],{"class":66},[52,117610,2467],{"class":103},[52,117612,117613],{"class":66},"]),",[52,117615,2113],{"class":141},[52,117617,145],{"class":66},[52,117619,1616],{"class":124},[52,117621,513],{"class":66},[52,117623,2467],{"class":103},[52,117625,2144],{"class":66},[52,117627,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,117629,142],{"class":141},[52,117631,145],{"class":66},[52,117633,3573],{"class":3251},[52,117635,145],{"class":66},[52,117637,2068],{"class":124},[52,117639,2120],{"class":66},[20,117641,117642],{},"What they tell you:",[234,117644,117645,117650,117655,117660,117670],{},[237,117646,117647,117649],{},[15,117648,164],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[237,117651,117652,117654],{},[15,117653,5042],{}," checks whether values are equal",[237,117656,117657,117659],{},[15,117658,43632],{}," shows the identity of an object",[237,117661,117662,117663,2218,117666,117669],{},"comparing ",[15,117664,117665],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117667,117668],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[237,117671,117672,117674],{},[15,117673,2650],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[38,117676,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,117678,117680],{"id":117679},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117682,117683],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1335,117685,57418],{"id":57333},[20,117687,117688],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1335,117690,117692],{"id":117691},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117694,117695],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1335,117697,117699],{"id":117698},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117701,117702],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1335,117704,117706],{"id":117705},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117708,117709],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[38,117711,2240],{"id":2239},[234,117713,117714,117719,117725,117731,117735],{},[237,117715,117716],{},[257,117717,117718],{"href":12398},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[237,117720,117721],{},[257,117722,3928,117723,2264],{"href":55108},[15,117724,55749],{},[237,117726,117727],{},[257,117728,3928,117729,2264],{"href":12760},[15,117730,24],{},[237,117732,117733],{},[257,117734,2276],{"href":57368},[237,117736,117737],{},[257,117738,117739],{"href":58643},"What is a list in Python?",[2278,117741,117742],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":117744},[117745,117746,117747,117748,117749,117750,117755,117756,117757,117758,117759,117760,117767],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":116200,"depth":110,"text":116201},{"id":116221,"depth":110,"text":116222},{"id":116464,"depth":110,"text":116465},{"id":116604,"depth":110,"text":116605},{"id":116720,"depth":110,"text":116721,"children":117751},[117752,117753,117754],{"id":116727,"depth":131,"text":116728},{"id":116796,"depth":131,"text":116797},{"id":116895,"depth":131,"text":116896},{"id":117009,"depth":110,"text":117010},{"id":117141,"depth":110,"text":117142},{"id":117255,"depth":110,"text":117256},{"id":117421,"depth":110,"text":117422},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":117761},[117762,117763,117764,117765,117766],{"id":117679,"depth":131,"text":117680},{"id":57333,"depth":131,"text":57418},{"id":117691,"depth":131,"text":117692},{"id":117698,"depth":131,"text":117699},{"id":117705,"depth":131,"text":117706},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116001,"description":117768},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117774,"title":117775,"body":117776,"description":119633,"extension":2310,"meta":119634,"navigation":134,"path":119635,"seo":119636,"stem":119637,"__hash__":119638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117777,"toc":119591},[117778,117783,117788,117796,117798,117866,117871,117876,117891,117894,117896,117927,117929,117949,117952,117967,117969,117972,118045,118047,118092,118094,118105,118110,118114,118119,118122,118161,118163,118183,118186,118243,118245,118280,118283,118322,118324,118344,118347,118378,118380,118436,118438,118443,118514,118516,118549,118554,118559,118624,118626,118663,118666,118743,118745,118805,118812,118817,118820,118823,118904,118906,118947,118952,118955,119033,119035,119068,119077,119084,119087,119098,119101,119112,119116,119124,119133,119137,119142,119146,119151,119194,119197,119203,119206,119208,119255,119260,119264,119267,119316,119318,119339,119342,119344,119369,119372,119493,119498,119500,119505,119508,119513,119516,119524,119529,119536,119539,119547,119550,119552,119588],[10,117779,3928,117781,3932],{"id":117780},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117782,74575],{},[20,117784,117785,117787],{},[15,117786,74575],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117789,117790,117791,2536,117793,117795],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117792,78018],{},[15,117794,74575],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[38,117797,3961],{"id":3960},[43,117799,117801],{"className":45,"code":117800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117802,117803,117823,117837,117841,117853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117804,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117806,3971],{"class":58},[52,117808,63],{"class":62},[52,117810,755],{"class":66},[52,117812,2410],{"class":103},[52,117814,91],{"class":66},[52,117816,1364],{"class":103},[52,117818,91],{"class":66},[52,117820,1378],{"class":103},[52,117822,766],{"class":66},[52,117824,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,117826,2577],{"class":58},[52,117828,63],{"class":62},[52,117830,74709],{"class":141},[52,117832,145],{"class":66},[52,117834,4001],{"class":124},[52,117836,151],{"class":66},[52,117838,117839],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117840,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,117842,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117844,142],{"class":141},[52,117846,145],{"class":66},[52,117848,2612],{"class":124},[52,117850,4014],{"class":66},[52,117852,55836],{"class":4017},[52,117854,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,117856,142],{"class":141},[52,117858,145],{"class":66},[52,117860,4001],{"class":124},[52,117862,4014],{"class":66},[52,117864,117865],{"class":4017},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117867,117868,117870],{},[15,117869,74575],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[38,117872,4031,117874,4034],{"id":117873},"what-sorted-does",[15,117875,74575],{},[234,117877,117878,117882,117885,117888],{},[237,117879,117880,63076],{},[15,117881,74575],{},[237,117883,117884],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[237,117886,117887],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[237,117889,117890],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117892,117893],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[38,117895,269],{"id":268},[43,117897,117899],{"className":45,"code":117898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117900,117901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117902,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117904,74665],{"class":141},[52,117906,145],{"class":66},[52,117908,4075],{"class":124},[52,117910,91],{"class":66},[52,117912,21709],{"class":9529},[52,117914,63],{"class":62},[52,117916,4133],{"class":218},[52,117918,91],{"class":66},[52,117920,78221],{"class":9529},[52,117922,63],{"class":62},[52,117924,1039],{"class":218},[52,117926,151],{"class":66},[1335,117928,17522],{"id":17521},[234,117930,117931,117936,117941],{},[237,117932,117933,117935],{},[15,117934,4075],{},": the values to sort",[237,117937,117938,117940],{},[15,117939,2139],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[237,117942,117943,117945,117946,117948],{},[15,117944,73728],{},": set to ",[15,117947,1048],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117950,117951],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[43,117953,117955],{"className":45,"code":117954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117956,117957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117958,117959,117961,117963,117965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117960,74665],{"class":141},[52,117962,145],{"class":66},[52,117964,60457],{"class":124},[52,117966,151],{"class":66},[38,117968,438],{"id":437},[20,117970,117971],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[43,117973,117975],{"className":45,"code":117974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117976,117977,118001,118005,118020,118024,118035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117978,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117980,3971],{"class":58},[52,117982,63],{"class":62},[52,117984,755],{"class":66},[52,117986,2484],{"class":103},[52,117988,91],{"class":66},[52,117990,1378],{"class":103},[52,117992,91],{"class":66},[52,117994,6714],{"class":103},[52,117996,91],{"class":66},[52,117998,1364],{"class":103},[52,118000,766],{"class":66},[52,118002,118003],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118004,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,118006,118007,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118008,118009],{"class":58},"sorted_numbers ",[52,118011,63],{"class":62},[52,118013,74709],{"class":141},[52,118015,145],{"class":66},[52,118017,4001],{"class":124},[52,118019,151],{"class":66},[52,118021,118022],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,118023,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,118025,118026,118028,118030,118033],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,118027,142],{"class":141},[52,118029,145],{"class":66},[52,118031,118032],{"class":124},"sorted_numbers",[52,118034,151],{"class":66},[52,118036,118037,118039,118041,118043],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,118038,142],{"class":141},[52,118040,145],{"class":66},[52,118042,4001],{"class":124},[52,118044,151],{"class":66},[20,118046,173],{},[43,118048,118050],{"className":45,"code":118049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118051,118052,118072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118053,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118055,513],{"class":66},[52,118057,3339],{"class":103},[52,118059,91],{"class":66},[52,118061,1378],{"class":103},[52,118063,91],{"class":66},[52,118065,4959],{"class":103},[52,118067,91],{"class":66},[52,118069,6714],{"class":103},[52,118071,766],{"class":66},[52,118073,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118075,513],{"class":66},[52,118077,2484],{"class":103},[52,118079,91],{"class":66},[52,118081,1378],{"class":103},[52,118083,91],{"class":66},[52,118085,6714],{"class":103},[52,118087,91],{"class":66},[52,118089,1364],{"class":103},[52,118091,766],{"class":66},[20,118093,1028],{},[234,118095,118096,118101],{},[237,118097,118098,118100],{},[15,118099,118032],{}," is a new sorted list",[237,118102,118103,112637],{},[15,118104,4001],{},[20,118106,118107,118108,121],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[257,118109,78528],{"href":78527},[38,118111,118113],{"id":118112},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118115,118116,118118],{},[15,118117,74575],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1335,118120,118121],{"id":8448},"List",[43,118123,118125],{"className":45,"code":118124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118126,118127,118147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118128,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118130,3971],{"class":58},[52,118132,63],{"class":62},[52,118134,755],{"class":66},[52,118136,2410],{"class":103},[52,118138,91],{"class":66},[52,118140,1364],{"class":103},[52,118142,91],{"class":66},[52,118144,1378],{"class":103},[52,118146,766],{"class":66},[52,118148,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118150,142],{"class":141},[52,118152,145],{"class":66},[52,118154,74665],{"class":141},[52,118156,145],{"class":66},[52,118158,4001],{"class":124},[52,118160,2120],{"class":66},[20,118162,173],{},[43,118164,118165],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118166,118167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118168,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118170,513],{"class":66},[52,118172,3339],{"class":103},[52,118174,91],{"class":66},[52,118176,1378],{"class":103},[52,118178,91],{"class":66},[52,118180,2801],{"class":103},[52,118182,766],{"class":66},[1335,118184,118185],{"id":49099},"Tuple",[43,118187,118189],{"className":45,"code":118188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118190,118191,118211,118225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118192,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118194,4178],{"class":58},[52,118196,63],{"class":62},[52,118198,9588],{"class":66},[52,118200,2410],{"class":103},[52,118202,91],{"class":66},[52,118204,1364],{"class":103},[52,118206,91],{"class":66},[52,118208,1378],{"class":103},[52,118210,151],{"class":66},[52,118212,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118214,142],{"class":141},[52,118216,145],{"class":66},[52,118218,74665],{"class":141},[52,118220,145],{"class":66},[52,118222,5712],{"class":124},[52,118224,2120],{"class":66},[52,118226,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118228,142],{"class":141},[52,118230,145],{"class":66},[52,118232,3573],{"class":3251},[52,118234,145],{"class":66},[52,118236,74665],{"class":141},[52,118238,145],{"class":66},[52,118240,5712],{"class":124},[52,118242,3262],{"class":66},[20,118244,173],{},[43,118246,118248],{"className":45,"code":118247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118249,118250,118266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118251,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118253,513],{"class":66},[52,118255,3339],{"class":103},[52,118257,91],{"class":66},[52,118259,1378],{"class":103},[52,118261,91],{"class":66},[52,118263,2801],{"class":103},[52,118265,766],{"class":66},[52,118267,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118269,3642],{"class":62},[52,118271,3645],{"class":2413},[52,118273,195],{"class":70},[52,118275,8448],{"class":74},[52,118277,186],{"class":70},[52,118279,3654],{"class":62},[1335,118281,118282],{"id":6641},"Set",[43,118284,118286],{"className":45,"code":118285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118287,118288,118308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118291,4178],{"class":58},[52,118293,63],{"class":62},[52,118295,67],{"class":66},[52,118297,2410],{"class":103},[52,118299,91],{"class":66},[52,118301,1364],{"class":103},[52,118303,91],{"class":66},[52,118305,1378],{"class":103},[52,118307,107],{"class":66},[52,118309,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118311,142],{"class":141},[52,118313,145],{"class":66},[52,118315,74665],{"class":141},[52,118317,145],{"class":66},[52,118319,5712],{"class":124},[52,118321,2120],{"class":66},[20,118323,173],{},[43,118325,118326],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118327,118328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118329,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118331,513],{"class":66},[52,118333,3339],{"class":103},[52,118335,91],{"class":66},[52,118337,1378],{"class":103},[52,118339,91],{"class":66},[52,118341,2801],{"class":103},[52,118343,766],{"class":66},[1335,118345,118346],{"id":61324},"String",[43,118348,118350],{"className":45,"code":118349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118351,118352,118364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118353,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118355,34824],{"class":58},[52,118357,63],{"class":62},[52,118359,83],{"class":70},[52,118361,47],{"class":74},[52,118363,3710],{"class":70},[52,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118367,142],{"class":141},[52,118369,145],{"class":66},[52,118371,74665],{"class":141},[52,118373,145],{"class":66},[52,118375,34845],{"class":124},[52,118377,2120],{"class":66},[20,118379,173],{},[43,118381,118382],{"className":45,"code":79545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118383,118384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118385,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118387,513],{"class":66},[52,118389,186],{"class":70},[52,118391,60588],{"class":74},[52,118393,186],{"class":70},[52,118395,91],{"class":66},[52,118397,195],{"class":70},[52,118399,76181],{"class":74},[52,118401,186],{"class":70},[52,118403,91],{"class":66},[52,118405,195],{"class":70},[52,118407,60623],{"class":74},[52,118409,186],{"class":70},[52,118411,91],{"class":66},[52,118413,195],{"class":70},[52,118415,20],{"class":74},[52,118417,186],{"class":70},[52,118419,91],{"class":66},[52,118421,195],{"class":70},[52,118423,63437],{"class":74},[52,118425,186],{"class":70},[52,118427,91],{"class":66},[52,118429,195],{"class":70},[52,118431,1371],{"class":74},[52,118433,186],{"class":70},[52,118435,766],{"class":66},[1335,118437,29356],{"id":15730},[20,118439,63690,118440,118442],{},[15,118441,74575],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[43,118444,118446],{"className":45,"code":118445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118447,118448,118500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118449,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118451,451],{"class":58},[52,118453,63],{"class":62},[52,118455,67],{"class":66},[52,118457,71],{"class":70},[52,118459,75],{"class":74},[52,118461,71],{"class":70},[52,118463,80],{"class":66},[52,118465,83],{"class":70},[52,118467,86],{"class":74},[52,118469,71],{"class":70},[52,118471,91],{"class":66},[52,118473,83],{"class":70},[52,118475,96],{"class":74},[52,118477,71],{"class":70},[52,118479,80],{"class":66},[52,118481,104],{"class":103},[52,118483,91],{"class":66},[52,118485,83],{"class":70},[52,118487,10755],{"class":74},[52,118489,71],{"class":70},[52,118491,80],{"class":66},[52,118493,83],{"class":70},[52,118495,16157],{"class":74},[52,118497,71],{"class":70},[52,118499,107],{"class":66},[52,118501,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118503,142],{"class":141},[52,118505,145],{"class":66},[52,118507,74665],{"class":141},[52,118509,145],{"class":66},[52,118511,17434],{"class":124},[52,118513,2120],{"class":66},[20,118515,173],{},[43,118517,118519],{"className":45,"code":118518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118520,118521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118522,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118524,513],{"class":66},[52,118526,186],{"class":70},[52,118528,96],{"class":74},[52,118530,186],{"class":70},[52,118532,91],{"class":66},[52,118534,195],{"class":70},[52,118536,10755],{"class":74},[52,118538,186],{"class":70},[52,118540,91],{"class":66},[52,118542,195],{"class":70},[52,118544,75],{"class":74},[52,118546,186],{"class":70},[52,118548,766],{"class":66},[38,118550,1326,118552],{"id":118551},"using-reversetrue",[15,118553,78242],{},[20,118555,222,118556,118558],{},[15,118557,78242],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[43,118560,118562],{"className":45,"code":118561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118563,118564,118584,118588,118602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118565,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118567,3971],{"class":58},[52,118569,63],{"class":62},[52,118571,755],{"class":66},[52,118573,2410],{"class":103},[52,118575,91],{"class":66},[52,118577,1364],{"class":103},[52,118579,91],{"class":66},[52,118581,1378],{"class":103},[52,118583,766],{"class":66},[52,118585,118586],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118587,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,118589,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118591,142],{"class":141},[52,118593,145],{"class":66},[52,118595,74665],{"class":141},[52,118597,145],{"class":66},[52,118599,4001],{"class":124},[52,118601,2120],{"class":66},[52,118603,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,118605,142],{"class":141},[52,118607,145],{"class":66},[52,118609,74665],{"class":141},[52,118611,145],{"class":66},[52,118613,4001],{"class":124},[52,118615,91],{"class":66},[52,118617,78221],{"class":9529},[52,118619,63],{"class":62},[52,118621,1048],{"class":218},[52,118623,2120],{"class":66},[20,118625,173],{},[43,118627,118629],{"className":45,"code":118628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118630,118631,118647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118632,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118634,513],{"class":66},[52,118636,3339],{"class":103},[52,118638,91],{"class":66},[52,118640,1378],{"class":103},[52,118642,91],{"class":66},[52,118644,2801],{"class":103},[52,118646,766],{"class":66},[52,118648,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118650,513],{"class":66},[52,118652,2410],{"class":103},[52,118654,91],{"class":66},[52,118656,1378],{"class":103},[52,118658,91],{"class":66},[52,118660,1364],{"class":103},[52,118662,766],{"class":66},[20,118664,118665],{},"This also works with strings:",[43,118667,118669],{"className":45,"code":118668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118670,118671,118703,118707,118721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118672,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118674,4423],{"class":58},[52,118676,63],{"class":62},[52,118678,755],{"class":66},[52,118680,71],{"class":70},[52,118682,4432],{"class":74},[52,118684,71],{"class":70},[52,118686,91],{"class":66},[52,118688,83],{"class":70},[52,118690,4441],{"class":74},[52,118692,71],{"class":70},[52,118694,91],{"class":66},[52,118696,83],{"class":70},[52,118698,4450],{"class":74},[52,118700,71],{"class":70},[52,118702,766],{"class":66},[52,118704,118705],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118706,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,118708,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118710,142],{"class":141},[52,118712,145],{"class":66},[52,118714,74665],{"class":141},[52,118716,145],{"class":66},[52,118718,4467],{"class":124},[52,118720,2120],{"class":66},[52,118722,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,118724,142],{"class":141},[52,118726,145],{"class":66},[52,118728,74665],{"class":141},[52,118730,145],{"class":66},[52,118732,4467],{"class":124},[52,118734,91],{"class":66},[52,118736,78221],{"class":9529},[52,118738,63],{"class":62},[52,118740,1048],{"class":218},[52,118742,2120],{"class":66},[20,118744,173],{},[43,118746,118747],{"className":45,"code":74309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118748,118749,118777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118750,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118752,513],{"class":66},[52,118754,186],{"class":70},[52,118756,4432],{"class":74},[52,118758,186],{"class":70},[52,118760,91],{"class":66},[52,118762,195],{"class":70},[52,118764,4441],{"class":74},[52,118766,186],{"class":70},[52,118768,91],{"class":66},[52,118770,195],{"class":70},[52,118772,4450],{"class":74},[52,118774,186],{"class":70},[52,118776,766],{"class":66},[52,118778,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118780,513],{"class":66},[52,118782,186],{"class":70},[52,118784,4450],{"class":74},[52,118786,186],{"class":70},[52,118788,91],{"class":66},[52,118790,195],{"class":70},[52,118792,4441],{"class":74},[52,118794,186],{"class":70},[52,118796,91],{"class":66},[52,118798,195],{"class":70},[52,118800,4432],{"class":74},[52,118802,186],{"class":70},[52,118804,766],{"class":66},[38,118806,1326,118808,118811],{"id":118807},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118809,118810],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118813,2327,118814,118816],{},[15,118815,118810],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118818,118819],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118821,118822],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[43,118824,118826],{"className":45,"code":118825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118827,118828,118868,118872,118894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118829,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118831,4423],{"class":58},[52,118833,63],{"class":62},[52,118835,755],{"class":66},[52,118837,71],{"class":70},[52,118839,78895],{"class":74},[52,118841,71],{"class":70},[52,118843,91],{"class":66},[52,118845,83],{"class":70},[52,118847,38499],{"class":74},[52,118849,71],{"class":70},[52,118851,91],{"class":66},[52,118853,83],{"class":70},[52,118855,4441],{"class":74},[52,118857,71],{"class":70},[52,118859,91],{"class":66},[52,118861,83],{"class":70},[52,118863,38482],{"class":74},[52,118865,71],{"class":70},[52,118867,766],{"class":66},[52,118869,118870],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118871,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,118873,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118875,2577],{"class":58},[52,118877,63],{"class":62},[52,118879,74709],{"class":141},[52,118881,145],{"class":66},[52,118883,4467],{"class":124},[52,118885,91],{"class":66},[52,118887,21709],{"class":9529},[52,118889,63],{"class":62},[52,118891,11505],{"class":141},[52,118893,151],{"class":66},[52,118895,118896,118898,118900,118902],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,118897,142],{"class":141},[52,118899,145],{"class":66},[52,118901,2612],{"class":124},[52,118903,151],{"class":66},[20,118905,173],{},[43,118907,118909],{"className":45,"code":118908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118910,118911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118912,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118914,513],{"class":66},[52,118916,186],{"class":70},[52,118918,38499],{"class":74},[52,118920,186],{"class":70},[52,118922,91],{"class":66},[52,118924,195],{"class":70},[52,118926,78895],{"class":74},[52,118928,186],{"class":70},[52,118930,91],{"class":66},[52,118932,195],{"class":70},[52,118934,38482],{"class":74},[52,118936,186],{"class":70},[52,118938,91],{"class":66},[52,118940,195],{"class":70},[52,118942,4441],{"class":74},[52,118944,186],{"class":70},[52,118946,766],{"class":66},[20,118948,20900,118949,118951],{},[15,118950,11505],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118953,118954],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[43,118956,118958],{"className":45,"code":118957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118959,118960,118993,118997,119023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118961,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118989,118991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118963,4423],{"class":58},[52,118965,63],{"class":62},[52,118967,755],{"class":66},[52,118969,71],{"class":70},[52,118971,83514],{"class":74},[52,118973,71],{"class":70},[52,118975,91],{"class":66},[52,118977,83],{"class":70},[52,118979,4432],{"class":74},[52,118981,71],{"class":70},[52,118983,91],{"class":66},[52,118985,83],{"class":70},[52,118987,118988],{"class":74},"Cherry",[52,118990,71],{"class":70},[52,118992,766],{"class":66},[52,118994,118995],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,118996,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,118998,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119000,2577],{"class":58},[52,119002,63],{"class":62},[52,119004,74709],{"class":141},[52,119006,145],{"class":66},[52,119008,4467],{"class":124},[52,119010,91],{"class":66},[52,119012,21709],{"class":9529},[52,119014,63],{"class":62},[52,119016,3795],{"class":3251},[52,119018,121],{"class":66},[52,119020,8995],{"class":24881},[52,119022,151],{"class":66},[52,119024,119025,119027,119029,119031],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,119026,142],{"class":141},[52,119028,145],{"class":66},[52,119030,2612],{"class":124},[52,119032,151],{"class":66},[20,119034,173],{},[43,119036,119038],{"className":45,"code":119037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119039,119040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119043,513],{"class":66},[52,119045,186],{"class":70},[52,119047,4432],{"class":74},[52,119049,186],{"class":70},[52,119051,91],{"class":66},[52,119053,195],{"class":70},[52,119055,83514],{"class":74},[52,119057,186],{"class":70},[52,119059,91],{"class":66},[52,119061,195],{"class":70},[52,119063,118988],{"class":74},[52,119065,186],{"class":70},[52,119067,766],{"class":66},[20,119069,119070,119071,35467,119073,121],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119072,42504],{},[257,119074,3928,119075,3861],{"href":42501},[15,119076,42504],{},[38,119078,119080,10931,119082],{"id":119079},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119081,74575],{},[15,119083,78018],{},[20,119085,119086],{},"The main difference is this:",[234,119088,119089,119094],{},[237,119090,119091,119093],{},[15,119092,74575],{}," returns a new list",[237,119095,119096,74113],{},[15,119097,78018],{},[20,119099,119100],{},"Also:",[234,119102,119103,119108],{},[237,119104,119105,119107],{},[15,119106,74575],{}," works with many iterables",[237,119109,119110,79451],{},[15,119111,78018],{},[20,119113,222,119114,1070],{},[15,119115,74575],{},[234,119117,119118,119121],{},[237,119119,119120],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[237,119122,119123],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119125,119126,119127,121],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[257,119128,3928,119129,10931,119131,6137],{"href":79276},[15,119130,74575],{},[15,119132,78018],{},[38,119134,119136],{"id":119135},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119138,119139,119140,121],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119141,74575],{},[1335,119143,119145],{"id":119144},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119147,119148,119149,80],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119150,3355],{},[43,119152,119154],{"className":45,"code":119153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119155,119156,119180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119157,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119159,4178],{"class":58},[52,119161,63],{"class":62},[52,119163,755],{"class":66},[52,119165,3339],{"class":103},[52,119167,91],{"class":66},[52,119169,83],{"class":70},[52,119171,2404],{"class":74},[52,119173,71],{"class":70},[52,119175,91],{"class":66},[52,119177,2801],{"class":103},[52,119179,766],{"class":66},[52,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119183,142],{"class":141},[52,119185,145],{"class":66},[52,119187,74665],{"class":141},[52,119189,145],{"class":66},[52,119191,5712],{"class":124},[52,119193,2120],{"class":66},[20,119195,119196],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1335,119198,119200,119201,2651],{"id":119199},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119202,2139],{},[20,119204,119205],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119207,309],{},[43,119209,119211],{"className":45,"code":119210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119212,119213,119233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119214,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119216,3971],{"class":58},[52,119218,63],{"class":62},[52,119220,755],{"class":66},[52,119222,2679],{"class":103},[52,119224,91],{"class":66},[52,119226,1378],{"class":103},[52,119228,91],{"class":66},[52,119230,8148],{"class":103},[52,119232,766],{"class":66},[52,119234,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119236,142],{"class":141},[52,119238,145],{"class":66},[52,119240,74665],{"class":141},[52,119242,145],{"class":66},[52,119244,4001],{"class":124},[52,119246,91],{"class":66},[52,119248,21709],{"class":9529},[52,119250,63],{"class":62},[52,119252,11505],{"class":141},[52,119254,2120],{"class":66},[20,119256,48656,119257,119259],{},[15,119258,42504],{}," does not work on integers.",[1335,119261,119263],{"id":119262},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119265,119266],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,119268,119270],{"className":45,"code":119269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119271,119272,119292,119302,119306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119273,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119275,3971],{"class":58},[52,119277,63],{"class":62},[52,119279,755],{"class":66},[52,119281,2410],{"class":103},[52,119283,91],{"class":66},[52,119285,1364],{"class":103},[52,119287,91],{"class":66},[52,119289,1378],{"class":103},[52,119291,766],{"class":66},[52,119293,119294,119296,119298,119300],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119295,74665],{"class":141},[52,119297,145],{"class":66},[52,119299,4001],{"class":124},[52,119301,151],{"class":66},[52,119303,119304],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119305,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,119307,119308,119310,119312,119314],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,119309,142],{"class":141},[52,119311,145],{"class":66},[52,119313,4001],{"class":124},[52,119315,151],{"class":66},[20,119317,173],{},[43,119319,119321],{"className":45,"code":119320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119322,119323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119326,513],{"class":66},[52,119328,2410],{"class":103},[52,119330,91],{"class":66},[52,119332,1364],{"class":103},[52,119334,91],{"class":66},[52,119336,1378],{"class":103},[52,119338,766],{"class":66},[20,119340,119341],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[38,119343,2022],{"id":2021},[234,119345,119346,119350,119353,119358,119362],{},[237,119347,2040,119348,74113],{},[15,119349,74575],{},[237,119351,119352],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[237,119354,5058,119355,119357],{},[15,119356,74575],{}," always returns a list",[237,119359,1326,119360,23234],{},[15,119361,118810],{},[237,119363,29783,119364,119366,119367],{},[15,119365,64462],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119368,74575],{},[20,119370,119371],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[43,119373,119375],{"className":45,"code":119374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119376,119377,119399,119425,119463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119378,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119380,142],{"class":141},[52,119382,145],{"class":66},[52,119384,74665],{"class":141},[52,119386,3336],{"class":66},[52,119388,2410],{"class":103},[52,119390,91],{"class":66},[52,119392,1364],{"class":103},[52,119394,91],{"class":66},[52,119396,1378],{"class":103},[52,119398,2144],{"class":66},[52,119400,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119402,142],{"class":141},[52,119404,145],{"class":66},[52,119406,3573],{"class":3251},[52,119408,145],{"class":66},[52,119410,74665],{"class":141},[52,119412,5864],{"class":66},[52,119414,2410],{"class":103},[52,119416,91],{"class":66},[52,119418,1364],{"class":103},[52,119420,91],{"class":66},[52,119422,1378],{"class":103},[52,119424,93518],{"class":66},[52,119426,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437,119439,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119428,142],{"class":141},[52,119430,145],{"class":66},[52,119432,74665],{"class":141},[52,119434,3336],{"class":66},[52,119436,186],{"class":70},[52,119438,83514],{"class":74},[52,119440,186],{"class":70},[52,119442,91],{"class":66},[52,119444,195],{"class":70},[52,119446,4432],{"class":74},[52,119448,186],{"class":70},[52,119450,18190],{"class":66},[52,119452,21709],{"class":9529},[52,119454,63],{"class":62},[52,119456,3795],{"class":3251},[52,119458,121],{"class":66},[52,119460,8995],{"class":24881},[52,119462,2120],{"class":66},[52,119464,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,119466,142],{"class":141},[52,119468,145],{"class":66},[52,119470,74665],{"class":141},[52,119472,3336],{"class":66},[52,119474,2410],{"class":103},[52,119476,91],{"class":66},[52,119478,1364],{"class":103},[52,119480,91],{"class":66},[52,119482,1378],{"class":103},[52,119484,18190],{"class":66},[52,119486,78221],{"class":9529},[52,119488,63],{"class":62},[52,119490,1048],{"class":218},[52,119492,2120],{"class":66},[20,119494,119495,119496,121],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[257,119497,52919],{"href":51126},[38,119499,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,119501,2195,119503,57312],{"id":119502},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119504,74575],{},[20,119506,119507],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1335,119509,5495,119511,13040],{"id":119510},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119512,74575],{},[20,119514,119515],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1335,119517,119519,119520,2034,119522,2221],{"id":119518},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119521,74575],{},[15,119523,78018],{},[20,119525,222,119526,119528],{},[15,119527,74575],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1335,119530,5495,119532,86602,119534,2221],{"id":119531},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119533,118810],{},[15,119535,74575],{},[20,119537,119538],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1335,119540,5511,119542,119544,119545,2221],{"id":119541},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119543,74575],{}," give a ",[15,119546,3355],{},[20,119548,119549],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[38,119551,2240],{"id":2239},[234,119553,119554,119558,119566,119570,119576,119582],{},[237,119555,119556],{},[257,119557,80024],{"href":78527},[237,119559,119560],{},[257,119561,3928,119562,10931,119564,6137],{"href":79276},[15,119563,74575],{},[15,119565,78018],{},[237,119567,119568],{},[257,119569,52919],{"href":51126},[237,119571,119572],{},[257,119573,3928,119574,3861],{"href":42501},[15,119575,42504],{},[237,119577,119578],{},[257,119579,3928,119580,3861],{"href":92174},[15,119581,35887],{},[237,119583,119584],{},[257,119585,3928,119586,3861],{"href":36334},[15,119587,36337],{},[2278,119589,119590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":119592},[119593,119594,119596,119599,119600,119607,119609,119611,119613,119619,119620,119632],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":117873,"depth":110,"text":119595},"What sorted() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":119597},[119598],{"id":17521,"depth":131,"text":17522},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":118112,"depth":110,"text":118113,"children":119601},[119602,119603,119604,119605,119606],{"id":8448,"depth":131,"text":118121},{"id":49099,"depth":131,"text":118185},{"id":6641,"depth":131,"text":118282},{"id":61324,"depth":131,"text":118346},{"id":15730,"depth":131,"text":29356},{"id":118551,"depth":110,"text":119608},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118807,"depth":110,"text":119610},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119079,"depth":110,"text":119612},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119135,"depth":110,"text":119136,"children":119614},[119615,119616,119618],{"id":119144,"depth":131,"text":119145},{"id":119199,"depth":131,"text":119617},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119262,"depth":131,"text":119263},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":119621},[119622,119624,119626,119628,119630],{"id":119502,"depth":131,"text":119623},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119510,"depth":131,"text":119625},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119518,"depth":131,"text":119627},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119531,"depth":131,"text":119629},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119541,"depth":131,"text":119631},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117775,"description":119633},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119640,"title":119641,"body":119642,"description":121753,"extension":2310,"meta":121754,"navigation":134,"path":79276,"seo":121755,"stem":121756,"__hash__":121757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119643,"toc":121700},[119644,119651,119654,119664,119670,119673,119691,119699,119701,119760,119768,119772,119794,119798,119802,119804,119821,119823,119835,119841,119925,119929,119976,119982,119989,119993,119998,120000,120012,120017,120070,120074,120094,120101,120108,120112,120115,120134,120138,120252,120256,120326,120328,120340,120345,120349,120362,120366,120441,120445,120484,120491,120497,120502,120506,120520,120524,120589,120593,120626,120629,120634,120642,120649,120662,120665,120669,120752,120756,120793,120797,120900,120904,120965,120970,120977,120981,120984,120990,120993,121060,121064,121088,121090,121108,121115,121168,121172,121192,121198,121200,121257,121264,121290,121295,121300,121308,121314,121374,121378,121425,121428,121430,121433,121459,121462,121555,121557,121577,121581,121584,121602,121608,121610,121618,121623,121630,121633,121639,121642,121648,121656,121664,121669,121671,121697],[10,119645,3928,119647,10931,119649,93232],{"id":119646},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119648,74575],{},[15,119650,78018],{},[20,119652,119653],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[234,119655,119656,119660],{},[237,119657,119658],{},[15,119659,74575],{},[237,119661,119662],{},[15,119663,78018],{},[20,119665,119666,119667,119669],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[33,119668,1332],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119671,119672],{},"The main difference is simple:",[234,119674,119675,119683],{},[237,119676,222,119677,119679,119680],{},[15,119678,74575],{}," when you want a ",[33,119681,119682],{},"new sorted result",[237,119684,222,119685,119687,119688],{},[15,119686,78018],{}," when you want to ",[33,119689,119690],{},"change the original list",[20,119692,119693,119694,2746,119696,119698],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119695,78018],{},[15,119697,4133],{}," and causes confusion.",[38,119700,3961],{"id":3960},[43,119702,119704],{"className":45,"code":119703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119705,119706,119726,119730,119747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119707,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119709,3971],{"class":58},[52,119711,63],{"class":62},[52,119713,755],{"class":66},[52,119715,2410],{"class":103},[52,119717,91],{"class":66},[52,119719,1364],{"class":103},[52,119721,91],{"class":66},[52,119723,1378],{"class":103},[52,119725,766],{"class":66},[52,119727,119728],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119729,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,119731,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119733,56038],{"class":58},[52,119735,63],{"class":62},[52,119737,74709],{"class":141},[52,119739,145],{"class":66},[52,119741,4001],{"class":124},[52,119743,4014],{"class":66},[52,119745,119746],{"class":4017},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[52,119748,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,119750,4001],{"class":58},[52,119752,121],{"class":66},[52,119754,34936],{"class":124},[52,119756,7719],{"class":66},[52,119758,119759],{"class":4017},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119761,222,119762,119764,119765,119767],{},[15,119763,74575],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119766,78018],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[38,119769,119771],{"id":119770},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[234,119773,119774,119779,119784,119791],{},[237,119775,222,119776,119778],{},[15,119777,74575],{}," to get a new sorted list",[237,119780,222,119781,119783],{},[15,119782,78018],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[237,119785,119786,119787,2746,119789],{},"Understand why ",[15,119788,78018],{},[15,119790,4133],{},[237,119792,119793],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[38,119795,4031,119796,4034],{"id":117873},[15,119797,74575],{},[20,119799,119800,63076],{},[15,119801,74575],{},[20,119803,49073],{},[234,119805,119806,119812,119818],{},[237,119807,119808,119809],{},"returns a ",[33,119810,119811],{},"new list",[237,119813,119814,119815,119817],{},"does ",[33,119816,1332],{}," change the original data",[237,119819,119820],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119822,51280],{},[234,119824,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833],{},[237,119826,5653],{},[237,119828,5656],{},[237,119830,5662],{},[237,119832,5659],{},[237,119834,36048],{},[1335,119836,35215,119838,119840],{"id":119837},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119839,74575],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[43,119842,119844],{"className":45,"code":119843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119845,119846,119866,119870,119884,119888,119906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119847,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119849,3971],{"class":58},[52,119851,63],{"class":62},[52,119853,755],{"class":66},[52,119855,2410],{"class":103},[52,119857,91],{"class":66},[52,119859,1364],{"class":103},[52,119861,91],{"class":66},[52,119863,1378],{"class":103},[52,119865,766],{"class":66},[52,119867,119868],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119869,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,119871,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119873,2577],{"class":58},[52,119875,63],{"class":62},[52,119877,74709],{"class":141},[52,119879,145],{"class":66},[52,119881,4001],{"class":124},[52,119883,151],{"class":66},[52,119885,119886],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,119887,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,119889,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,119891,142],{"class":141},[52,119893,145],{"class":66},[52,119895,71],{"class":70},[52,119897,12484],{"class":74},[52,119899,71],{"class":70},[52,119901,91],{"class":66},[52,119903,4617],{"class":124},[52,119905,151],{"class":66},[52,119907,119908,119910,119912,119914,119917,119919,119921,119923],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,119909,142],{"class":141},[52,119911,145],{"class":66},[52,119913,71],{"class":70},[52,119915,119916],{"class":74},"sorted result:",[52,119918,71],{"class":70},[52,119920,91],{"class":66},[52,119922,81368],{"class":124},[52,119924,151],{"class":66},[20,119926,119927],{},[33,119928,173],{},[43,119930,119932],{"className":45,"code":119931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119933,119934,119954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119935,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119937,2068],{"class":58},[52,119939,80],{"class":66},[52,119941,755],{"class":66},[52,119943,2410],{"class":103},[52,119945,91],{"class":66},[52,119947,1364],{"class":103},[52,119949,91],{"class":66},[52,119951,1378],{"class":103},[52,119953,766],{"class":66},[52,119955,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,119957,74665],{"class":141},[52,119959,81368],{"class":58},[52,119961,80],{"class":66},[52,119963,755],{"class":66},[52,119965,3339],{"class":103},[52,119967,91],{"class":66},[52,119969,1378],{"class":103},[52,119971,91],{"class":66},[52,119973,2801],{"class":103},[52,119975,766],{"class":66},[20,119977,119978,119979,119981],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119980,4001],{}," stays the same.",[20,119983,119984,119985,121],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[257,119986,3928,119987,3861],{"href":74672},[15,119988,74575],{},[38,119990,4031,119991,4034],{"id":78084},[15,119992,78018],{},[20,119994,119995,119997],{},[15,119996,64462],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119999,49073],{},[234,120001,120002,120005,120008],{},[237,120003,120004],{},"changes the original list directly",[237,120006,120007],{},"only works on lists",[237,120009,4046,120010],{},[15,120011,4133],{},[1335,120013,35215,120015,74113],{"id":120014},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120016,78018],{},[43,120018,120020],{"className":45,"code":120019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120021,120022,120042,120046,120056,120060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120023,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120025,3971],{"class":58},[52,120027,63],{"class":62},[52,120029,755],{"class":66},[52,120031,2410],{"class":103},[52,120033,91],{"class":66},[52,120035,1364],{"class":103},[52,120037,91],{"class":66},[52,120039,1378],{"class":103},[52,120041,766],{"class":66},[52,120043,120044],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120045,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120047,120048,120050,120052,120054],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120049,4001],{"class":58},[52,120051,121],{"class":66},[52,120053,34936],{"class":124},[52,120055,128],{"class":66},[52,120057,120058],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120059,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120061,120062,120064,120066,120068],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,120063,142],{"class":141},[52,120065,145],{"class":66},[52,120067,4001],{"class":124},[52,120069,151],{"class":66},[20,120071,120072],{},[33,120073,173],{},[43,120075,120076],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120077,120078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120079,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120081,513],{"class":66},[52,120083,3339],{"class":103},[52,120085,91],{"class":66},[52,120087,1378],{"class":103},[52,120089,91],{"class":66},[52,120091,2801],{"class":103},[52,120093,766],{"class":66},[20,120095,120096,120097,120100],{},"After calling ",[15,120098,120099],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120102,120103,120104,121],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[257,120105,3928,120106,2264],{"href":74926},[15,120107,78018],{},[38,120109,120111],{"id":120110},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120113,120114],{},"Here is the core difference:",[234,120116,120117,120126],{},[237,120118,120119,120122,120123],{},[15,120120,120121],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[33,120124,120125],{},"new sorted list",[237,120127,120128,120131,120132,74483],{},[15,120129,120130],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120133,8693],{},[1335,120135,120137],{"id":120136},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[43,120139,120141],{"className":45,"code":120140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120142,120143,120163,120167,120181,120200,120219,120223,120233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120144,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120146,3971],{"class":58},[52,120148,63],{"class":62},[52,120150,755],{"class":66},[52,120152,2484],{"class":103},[52,120154,91],{"class":66},[52,120156,1378],{"class":103},[52,120158,91],{"class":66},[52,120160,2807],{"class":103},[52,120162,766],{"class":66},[52,120164,120165],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120166,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120168,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120170,2905],{"class":58},[52,120172,63],{"class":62},[52,120174,74709],{"class":141},[52,120176,145],{"class":66},[52,120178,4001],{"class":124},[52,120180,151],{"class":66},[52,120182,120183,120185,120187,120189,120192,120194,120196,120198],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120184,142],{"class":141},[52,120186,145],{"class":66},[52,120188,71],{"class":70},[52,120190,120191],{"class":74},"numbers after sorted():",[52,120193,71],{"class":70},[52,120195,91],{"class":66},[52,120197,4617],{"class":124},[52,120199,151],{"class":66},[52,120201,120202,120204,120206,120208,120211,120213,120215,120217],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,120203,142],{"class":141},[52,120205,145],{"class":66},[52,120207,71],{"class":70},[52,120209,120210],{"class":74},"a:",[52,120212,71],{"class":70},[52,120214,91],{"class":66},[52,120216,57036],{"class":124},[52,120218,151],{"class":66},[52,120220,120221],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,120222,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120224,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,120226,4001],{"class":58},[52,120228,121],{"class":66},[52,120230,34936],{"class":124},[52,120232,128],{"class":66},[52,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241,120244,120246,120248,120250],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,120236,142],{"class":141},[52,120238,145],{"class":66},[52,120240,71],{"class":70},[52,120242,120243],{"class":74},"numbers after sort():",[52,120245,71],{"class":70},[52,120247,91],{"class":66},[52,120249,4617],{"class":124},[52,120251,151],{"class":66},[20,120253,120254],{},[33,120255,173],{},[43,120257,120259],{"className":45,"code":120258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120260,120261,120284,120304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120262,120263,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120264,120265],{"class":58},"numbers after ",[52,120267,74665],{"class":141},[52,120269,29717],{"class":66},[52,120271,755],{"class":66},[52,120273,2484],{"class":103},[52,120275,91],{"class":66},[52,120277,1378],{"class":103},[52,120279,91],{"class":66},[52,120281,2807],{"class":103},[52,120283,766],{"class":66},[52,120285,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120287,257],{"class":58},[52,120289,80],{"class":66},[52,120291,755],{"class":66},[52,120293,2404],{"class":103},[52,120295,91],{"class":66},[52,120297,2807],{"class":103},[52,120299,91],{"class":66},[52,120301,4959],{"class":103},[52,120303,766],{"class":66},[52,120305,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120307,120265],{"class":58},[52,120309,34936],{"class":124},[52,120311,29717],{"class":66},[52,120313,755],{"class":66},[52,120315,2404],{"class":103},[52,120317,91],{"class":66},[52,120319,2807],{"class":103},[52,120321,91],{"class":66},[52,120323,4959],{"class":103},[52,120325,766],{"class":66},[20,120327,11058],{},[234,120329,120330,120335],{},[237,120331,120332,120334],{},[15,120333,74575],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[237,120336,120337,120339],{},[15,120338,64462],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[38,120341,1063,120343],{"id":120342},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120344,74575],{},[20,120346,222,120347,1070],{},[15,120348,74575],{},[234,120350,120351,120354,120356,120359],{},[237,120352,120353],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[237,120355,119123],{},[237,120357,120358],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[237,120360,120361],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1335,120363,120365],{"id":120364},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[43,120367,120369],{"className":45,"code":120368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120370,120371,120395,120399,120413,120417,120427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120372,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120374,3971],{"class":58},[52,120376,63],{"class":62},[52,120378,9588],{"class":66},[52,120380,2855],{"class":103},[52,120382,91],{"class":66},[52,120384,1364],{"class":103},[52,120386,91],{"class":66},[52,120388,2801],{"class":103},[52,120390,91],{"class":66},[52,120392,1378],{"class":103},[52,120394,151],{"class":66},[52,120396,120397],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120398,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120400,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120402,2577],{"class":58},[52,120404,63],{"class":62},[52,120406,74709],{"class":141},[52,120408,145],{"class":66},[52,120410,4001],{"class":124},[52,120412,151],{"class":66},[52,120414,120415],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120416,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,120420,142],{"class":141},[52,120422,145],{"class":66},[52,120424,2612],{"class":124},[52,120426,151],{"class":66},[52,120428,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,120430,142],{"class":141},[52,120432,145],{"class":66},[52,120434,3573],{"class":3251},[52,120436,145],{"class":66},[52,120438,2612],{"class":124},[52,120440,2120],{"class":66},[20,120442,120443],{},[33,120444,173],{},[43,120446,120448],{"className":45,"code":120447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120449,120450,120470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120451,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120453,513],{"class":66},[52,120455,3339],{"class":103},[52,120457,91],{"class":66},[52,120459,1378],{"class":103},[52,120461,91],{"class":66},[52,120463,2801],{"class":103},[52,120465,91],{"class":66},[52,120467,2807],{"class":103},[52,120469,766],{"class":66},[52,120471,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120473,3642],{"class":62},[52,120475,3645],{"class":2413},[52,120477,195],{"class":70},[52,120479,8448],{"class":74},[52,120481,186],{"class":70},[52,120483,3654],{"class":62},[20,120485,2634,120486,120488,120489,121],{},[15,120487,74575],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[33,120490,8448],{},[20,120492,120493,120494,120496],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[257,120495,52919],{"href":51126}," is a helpful next step.",[38,120498,1063,120500],{"id":120499},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120501,78018],{},[20,120503,222,120504,1070],{},[15,120505,78018],{},[234,120507,120508,120511,120514,120517],{},[237,120509,120510],{},"you already have a list",[237,120512,120513],{},"you want to update that list directly",[237,120515,120516],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[237,120518,120519],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1335,120521,120523],{"id":120522},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[43,120525,120527],{"className":45,"code":120526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120528,120529,120561,120565,120575,120579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120530,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120532,5347],{"class":58},[52,120534,63],{"class":62},[52,120536,755],{"class":66},[52,120538,71],{"class":70},[52,120540,5374],{"class":74},[52,120542,71],{"class":70},[52,120544,91],{"class":66},[52,120546,83],{"class":70},[52,120548,5356],{"class":74},[52,120550,71],{"class":70},[52,120552,91],{"class":66},[52,120554,83],{"class":70},[52,120556,5365],{"class":74},[52,120558,71],{"class":70},[52,120560,766],{"class":66},[52,120562,120563],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120564,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120566,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120568,5391],{"class":58},[52,120570,121],{"class":66},[52,120572,34936],{"class":124},[52,120574,128],{"class":66},[52,120576,120577],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120578,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120580,120581,120583,120585,120587],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,120582,142],{"class":141},[52,120584,145],{"class":66},[52,120586,5391],{"class":124},[52,120588,151],{"class":66},[20,120590,120591],{},[33,120592,173],{},[43,120594,120596],{"className":45,"code":120595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120597,120598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120599,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120601,513],{"class":66},[52,120603,186],{"class":70},[52,120605,5356],{"class":74},[52,120607,186],{"class":70},[52,120609,91],{"class":66},[52,120611,195],{"class":70},[52,120613,5365],{"class":74},[52,120615,186],{"class":70},[52,120617,91],{"class":66},[52,120619,195],{"class":70},[52,120621,5374],{"class":74},[52,120623,186],{"class":70},[52,120625,766],{"class":66},[20,120627,120628],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120630,120631,120632,121],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[257,120633,80024],{"href":78527},[38,120635,120637,2218,120639,120641],{"id":120636},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120638,73728],{},[15,120640,2139],{}," work with both",[20,120643,10936,120644,2218,120646,120648],{},[15,120645,74575],{},[15,120647,78018],{}," support:",[234,120650,120651,120656],{},[237,120652,120653,120655],{},[15,120654,78242],{}," for descending order",[237,120657,120658,120661],{},[15,120659,120660],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120663,120664],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1335,120666,120668],{"id":120667},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[43,120670,120672],{"className":45,"code":120671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120673,120674,120694,120698,120720,120724,120742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120677,3971],{"class":58},[52,120679,63],{"class":62},[52,120681,755],{"class":66},[52,120683,2410],{"class":103},[52,120685,91],{"class":66},[52,120687,1364],{"class":103},[52,120689,91],{"class":66},[52,120691,1378],{"class":103},[52,120693,766],{"class":66},[52,120695,120696],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120697,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120699,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120701,142],{"class":141},[52,120703,145],{"class":66},[52,120705,74665],{"class":141},[52,120707,145],{"class":66},[52,120709,4001],{"class":124},[52,120711,91],{"class":66},[52,120713,78221],{"class":9529},[52,120715,63],{"class":62},[52,120717,1048],{"class":218},[52,120719,2120],{"class":66},[52,120721,120722],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120723,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120725,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,120727,4001],{"class":58},[52,120729,121],{"class":66},[52,120731,34936],{"class":124},[52,120733,145],{"class":66},[52,120735,73728],{"class":9529},[52,120737,63],{"class":62},[52,120739,1048],{"class":218},[52,120741,151],{"class":66},[52,120743,120744,120746,120748,120750],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,120745,142],{"class":141},[52,120747,145],{"class":66},[52,120749,4001],{"class":124},[52,120751,151],{"class":66},[20,120753,120754],{},[33,120755,173],{},[43,120757,120759],{"className":45,"code":120758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120760,120761,120777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120762,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120764,513],{"class":66},[52,120766,2410],{"class":103},[52,120768,91],{"class":66},[52,120770,1378],{"class":103},[52,120772,91],{"class":66},[52,120774,1364],{"class":103},[52,120776,766],{"class":66},[52,120778,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120780,513],{"class":66},[52,120782,2410],{"class":103},[52,120784,91],{"class":66},[52,120786,1378],{"class":103},[52,120788,91],{"class":66},[52,120790,1364],{"class":103},[52,120792,766],{"class":66},[1335,120794,120796],{"id":120795},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[43,120798,120800],{"className":45,"code":120799,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120801,120802,120834,120838,120864,120868,120890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120803,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120805,4423],{"class":58},[52,120807,63],{"class":62},[52,120809,755],{"class":66},[52,120811,71],{"class":70},[52,120813,83514],{"class":74},[52,120815,71],{"class":70},[52,120817,91],{"class":66},[52,120819,83],{"class":70},[52,120821,4432],{"class":74},[52,120823,71],{"class":70},[52,120825,91],{"class":66},[52,120827,83],{"class":70},[52,120829,118988],{"class":74},[52,120831,71],{"class":70},[52,120833,766],{"class":66},[52,120835,120836],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120837,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120839,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120841,142],{"class":141},[52,120843,145],{"class":66},[52,120845,74665],{"class":141},[52,120847,145],{"class":66},[52,120849,4467],{"class":124},[52,120851,91],{"class":66},[52,120853,21709],{"class":9529},[52,120855,63],{"class":62},[52,120857,3795],{"class":3251},[52,120859,121],{"class":66},[52,120861,8995],{"class":24881},[52,120863,2120],{"class":66},[52,120865,120866],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120867,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,120871,4467],{"class":58},[52,120873,121],{"class":66},[52,120875,34936],{"class":124},[52,120877,145],{"class":66},[52,120879,2139],{"class":9529},[52,120881,63],{"class":62},[52,120883,3795],{"class":3251},[52,120885,121],{"class":66},[52,120887,8995],{"class":24881},[52,120889,151],{"class":66},[52,120891,120892,120894,120896,120898],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,120893,142],{"class":141},[52,120895,145],{"class":66},[52,120897,4467],{"class":124},[52,120899,151],{"class":66},[20,120901,120902],{},[33,120903,173],{},[43,120905,120907],{"className":45,"code":120906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120908,120909,120937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120910,120911,120913,120915,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120912,513],{"class":66},[52,120914,186],{"class":70},[52,120916,4432],{"class":74},[52,120918,186],{"class":70},[52,120920,91],{"class":66},[52,120922,195],{"class":70},[52,120924,83514],{"class":74},[52,120926,186],{"class":70},[52,120928,91],{"class":66},[52,120930,195],{"class":70},[52,120932,118988],{"class":74},[52,120934,186],{"class":70},[52,120936,766],{"class":66},[52,120938,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,120940,513],{"class":66},[52,120942,186],{"class":70},[52,120944,4432],{"class":74},[52,120946,186],{"class":70},[52,120948,91],{"class":66},[52,120950,195],{"class":70},[52,120952,83514],{"class":74},[52,120954,186],{"class":70},[52,120956,91],{"class":66},[52,120958,195],{"class":70},[52,120960,118988],{"class":74},[52,120962,186],{"class":70},[52,120964,766],{"class":66},[20,120966,1326,120967,120969],{},[15,120968,78736],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120971,120972,120973,121],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[257,120974,120976],{"href":120975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[38,120978,120980],{"id":120979},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120982,120983],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1335,120985,120987,120988,12923],{"id":120986},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120989,78018],{},[20,120991,120992],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[43,120994,120996],{"className":45,"code":120995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120997,120998,121018,121022,121036,121040,121050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121001,3971],{"class":58},[52,121003,63],{"class":62},[52,121005,755],{"class":66},[52,121007,2410],{"class":103},[52,121009,91],{"class":66},[52,121011,1364],{"class":103},[52,121013,91],{"class":66},[52,121015,1378],{"class":103},[52,121017,766],{"class":66},[52,121019,121020],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121021,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121023,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032,121034],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121025,2577],{"class":58},[52,121027,63],{"class":62},[52,121029,4617],{"class":58},[52,121031,121],{"class":66},[52,121033,34936],{"class":124},[52,121035,128],{"class":66},[52,121037,121038],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121039,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121041,121042,121044,121046,121048],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,121043,142],{"class":141},[52,121045,145],{"class":66},[52,121047,2612],{"class":124},[52,121049,151],{"class":66},[52,121051,121052,121054,121056,121058],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,121053,142],{"class":141},[52,121055,145],{"class":66},[52,121057,4001],{"class":124},[52,121059,151],{"class":66},[20,121061,121062],{},[33,121063,173],{},[43,121065,121066],{"className":45,"code":79359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121067,121068,121072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121069,121070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121071,12141],{"class":218},[52,121073,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121075,513],{"class":66},[52,121077,3339],{"class":103},[52,121079,91],{"class":66},[52,121081,1378],{"class":103},[52,121083,91],{"class":66},[52,121085,2801],{"class":103},[52,121087,766],{"class":66},[20,121089,12233],{},[234,121091,121092,121097,121102],{},[237,121093,121094,121096],{},[15,121095,120099],{}," sorts the list in place",[237,121098,35152,121099,121101],{},[33,121100,1332],{}," return the sorted list",[237,121103,90138,121104,42298,121106],{},[15,121105,2612],{},[15,121107,4133],{},[1335,121109,121111,121112,121114],{"id":121110},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121113,74575],{}," to change the original list",[43,121116,121118],{"className":45,"code":121117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121119,121120,121140,121144,121154,121158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121121,121122,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121123,3971],{"class":58},[52,121125,63],{"class":62},[52,121127,755],{"class":66},[52,121129,2410],{"class":103},[52,121131,91],{"class":66},[52,121133,1364],{"class":103},[52,121135,91],{"class":66},[52,121137,1378],{"class":103},[52,121139,766],{"class":66},[52,121141,121142],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121143,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121145,121146,121148,121150,121152],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121147,74665],{"class":141},[52,121149,145],{"class":66},[52,121151,4001],{"class":124},[52,121153,151],{"class":66},[52,121155,121156],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121157,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121159,121160,121162,121164,121166],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,121161,142],{"class":141},[52,121163,145],{"class":66},[52,121165,4001],{"class":124},[52,121167,151],{"class":66},[20,121169,121170],{},[33,121171,173],{},[43,121173,121174],{"className":45,"code":119320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121175,121176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121177,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188,121190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121179,513],{"class":66},[52,121181,2410],{"class":103},[52,121183,91],{"class":66},[52,121185,1364],{"class":103},[52,121187,91],{"class":66},[52,121189,1378],{"class":103},[52,121191,766],{"class":66},[20,121193,121194,121197],{},[15,121195,121196],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121199,11151],{},[43,121201,121203],{"className":45,"code":121202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121204,121205,121225,121229,121243,121247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121206,121207,121209,121211,121213,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121208,3971],{"class":58},[52,121210,63],{"class":62},[52,121212,755],{"class":66},[52,121214,2410],{"class":103},[52,121216,91],{"class":66},[52,121218,1364],{"class":103},[52,121220,91],{"class":66},[52,121222,1378],{"class":103},[52,121224,766],{"class":66},[52,121226,121227],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121228,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121230,121231,121233,121235,121237,121239,121241],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121232,55790],{"class":58},[52,121234,63],{"class":62},[52,121236,74709],{"class":141},[52,121238,145],{"class":66},[52,121240,4001],{"class":124},[52,121242,151],{"class":66},[52,121244,121245],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121246,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121248,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,121250,142],{"class":141},[52,121252,145],{"class":66},[52,121254,55809],{"class":124},[52,121256,151],{"class":66},[1335,121258,121260,121261,121263],{"id":121259},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121262,64462],{}," on a tuple or string",[43,121265,121266],{"className":45,"code":79461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121267,121268,121280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121269,121270,121272,121274,121276,121278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121271,34824],{"class":58},[52,121273,63],{"class":62},[52,121275,83],{"class":70},[52,121277,47],{"class":74},[52,121279,3710],{"class":70},[52,121281,121282,121284,121286,121288],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121283,34845],{"class":58},[52,121285,121],{"class":66},[52,121287,34936],{"class":124},[52,121289,128],{"class":66},[20,121291,121292,121293,33736],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121294,64462],{},[20,121296,121297,121299],{},[15,121298,64462],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121301,121302,121303,121305,121306,121],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121304,74575],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[257,121307,5489],{"href":5940},[1335,121309,121311,121312,119357],{"id":121310},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121313,74575],{},[43,121315,121317],{"className":45,"code":121316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121318,121319,121332,121346,121350,121360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121320,121321,121323,121325,121327,121330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121322,34824],{"class":58},[52,121324,63],{"class":62},[52,121326,83],{"class":70},[52,121328,121329],{"class":74},"cab",[52,121331,3710],{"class":70},[52,121333,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342,121344],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121335,2577],{"class":58},[52,121337,63],{"class":62},[52,121339,74709],{"class":141},[52,121341,145],{"class":66},[52,121343,34845],{"class":124},[52,121345,151],{"class":66},[52,121347,121348],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121349,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121351,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121353,142],{"class":141},[52,121355,145],{"class":66},[52,121357,2612],{"class":124},[52,121359,151],{"class":66},[52,121361,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370,121372],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,121363,142],{"class":141},[52,121365,145],{"class":66},[52,121367,3573],{"class":3251},[52,121369,145],{"class":66},[52,121371,2612],{"class":124},[52,121373,2120],{"class":66},[20,121375,121376],{},[33,121377,173],{},[43,121379,121381],{"className":45,"code":121380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121382,121383,121411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121384,121385,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395,121397,121399,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121386,513],{"class":66},[52,121388,186],{"class":70},[52,121390,257],{"class":74},[52,121392,186],{"class":70},[52,121394,91],{"class":66},[52,121396,195],{"class":70},[52,121398,345],{"class":74},[52,121400,186],{"class":70},[52,121402,91],{"class":66},[52,121404,195],{"class":70},[52,121406,10087],{"class":74},[52,121408,186],{"class":70},[52,121410,766],{"class":66},[52,121412,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421,121423],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121414,3642],{"class":62},[52,121416,3645],{"class":2413},[52,121418,195],{"class":70},[52,121420,8448],{"class":74},[52,121422,186],{"class":70},[52,121424,3654],{"class":62},[20,121426,121427],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[38,121429,113878],{"id":113877},[20,121431,121432],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[234,121434,121435,121438,121443,121448,121454],{},[237,121436,121437],{},"confusing a function with a method",[237,121439,121440,121441,53792],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121442,64462],{},[237,121444,121445,121446,12923],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121447,78018],{},[237,121449,121450,121451,121453],{},"trying to use ",[15,121452,64462],{}," on non-list data types",[237,121455,50652,121456,121458],{},[15,121457,74575],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121460,121461],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,121463,121465],{"className":45,"code":121464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121466,121467,121477,121491,121516,121531,121541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121468,121469,121471,121473,121475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121470,142],{"class":141},[52,121472,145],{"class":66},[52,121474,8693],{"class":124},[52,121476,151],{"class":66},[52,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485,121487,121489],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121480,142],{"class":141},[52,121482,145],{"class":66},[52,121484,74665],{"class":141},[52,121486,145],{"class":66},[52,121488,8693],{"class":124},[52,121490,2120],{"class":66},[52,121492,121493,121495,121497,121499,121501,121503,121505,121508,121510,121512,121514],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121494,2577],{"class":58},[52,121496,63],{"class":62},[52,121498,8750],{"class":58},[52,121500,121],{"class":66},[52,121502,34936],{"class":124},[52,121504,7719],{"class":66},[52,121506,121507],{"class":58},"; ",[52,121509,142],{"class":141},[52,121511,145],{"class":66},[52,121513,2612],{"class":124},[52,121515,151],{"class":66},[52,121517,121518,121520,121522,121524,121526,121529],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121519,142],{"class":141},[52,121521,145],{"class":66},[52,121523,3573],{"class":3251},[52,121525,145],{"class":66},[52,121527,121528],{"class":124},"my_data",[52,121530,2120],{"class":66},[52,121532,121533,121535,121537,121539],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,121534,32287],{"class":141},[52,121536,145],{"class":66},[52,121538,74665],{"class":141},[52,121540,151],{"class":66},[52,121542,121543,121545,121547,121549,121551,121553],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,121544,32287],{"class":141},[52,121546,145],{"class":66},[52,121548,8448],{"class":3251},[52,121550,121],{"class":66},[52,121552,34936],{"class":24881},[52,121554,151],{"class":66},[20,121556,84524],{},[234,121558,121559,121562,121566,121574],{},[237,121560,121561],{},"whether your original list changed",[237,121563,26151,121564,12039],{},[15,121565,74575],{},[237,121567,121568,121569,121571,121572],{},"whether ",[15,121570,64462],{}," returned ",[15,121573,4133],{},[237,121575,121576],{},"what type of object you are working with",[38,121578,121580],{"id":121579},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121582,121583],{},"Use this rule:",[234,121585,121586,121594],{},[237,121587,121588,121589,121591,121592],{},"Need a ",[33,121590,119682],{},": use ",[15,121593,74575],{},[237,121595,121596,121597,121591,121600],{},"Need to ",[33,121598,121599],{},"change one list directly",[15,121601,78018],{},[20,121603,121604,121605,121607],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121606,74575],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[38,121609,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,121611,121613,121614,261,121616,2221],{"id":121612},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121615,74575],{},[15,121617,78018],{},[20,121619,121620,121622],{},[15,121621,74575],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1335,121624,5511,121626,5514,121628,2221],{"id":121625},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121627,78018],{},[15,121629,4133],{},[20,121631,121632],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1335,121634,5523,121636,121638],{"id":121635},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121637,74575],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121640,121641],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1335,121643,28461,121645,121647],{"id":121644},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121646,64462],{}," on a string?",[20,121649,46510,121650,121652,121653,40071],{},[15,121651,64462],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121654,121655],{},"sorted(string)",[1335,121657,12152,121659,2218,121661,121663],{"id":121658},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121660,74575],{},[15,121662,64462],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121665,121666,121667,121],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121668,78242],{},[38,121670,2240],{"id":2239},[234,121672,121673,121679,121685,121689,121693],{},[237,121674,121675],{},[257,121676,3928,121677,3861],{"href":74672},[15,121678,74575],{},[237,121680,121681],{},[257,121682,3928,121683,2264],{"href":74926},[15,121684,78018],{},[237,121686,121687],{},[257,121688,80024],{"href":78527},[237,121690,121691],{},[257,121692,120976],{"href":120975},[237,121694,121695],{},[257,121696,52919],{"href":51126},[2278,121698,121699],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":121701},[121702,121703,121704,121708,121712,121715,121719,121723,121728,121738,121739,121740,121752],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":119770,"depth":110,"text":119771},{"id":117873,"depth":110,"text":119595,"children":121705},[121706],{"id":119837,"depth":131,"text":121707},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78084,"depth":110,"text":80046,"children":121709},[121710],{"id":120014,"depth":131,"text":121711},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120110,"depth":110,"text":120111,"children":121713},[121714],{"id":120136,"depth":131,"text":120137},{"id":120342,"depth":110,"text":121716,"children":121717},"When to use sorted()",[121718],{"id":120364,"depth":131,"text":120365},{"id":120499,"depth":110,"text":121720,"children":121721},"When to use list.sort()",[121722],{"id":120522,"depth":131,"text":120523},{"id":120636,"depth":110,"text":121724,"children":121725},"reverse and key work with both",[121726,121727],{"id":120667,"depth":131,"text":120668},{"id":120795,"depth":131,"text":120796},{"id":120979,"depth":110,"text":120980,"children":121729},[121730,121732,121734,121736],{"id":120986,"depth":131,"text":121731},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121110,"depth":131,"text":121733},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121259,"depth":131,"text":121735},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121310,"depth":131,"text":121737},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113877,"depth":110,"text":113878},{"id":121579,"depth":110,"text":121580},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":121741},[121742,121744,121746,121748,121750],{"id":121612,"depth":131,"text":121743},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121625,"depth":131,"text":121745},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121635,"depth":131,"text":121747},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121644,"depth":131,"text":121749},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121658,"depth":131,"text":121751},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119641,"description":121753},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121759,"title":42319,"body":121760,"description":123492,"extension":2310,"meta":123493,"navigation":134,"path":123494,"seo":123495,"stem":123496,"__hash__":123497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121761,"toc":123449},[121762,121767,121772,121778,121780,121835,121839,121862,121867,121872,121877,121879,121910,121913,121927,121929,121931,121946,121951,121955,121958,122009,122013,122027,122034,122038,122042,122097,122101,122124,122128,122184,122188,122211,122215,122270,122274,122297,122301,122368,122372,122407,122413,122418,122423,122425,122439,122441,122515,122519,122539,122544,122551,122554,122566,122568,122637,122641,122678,122681,122706,122713,122722,122725,122737,122743,122749,122751,122757,122762,122841,122845,122886,122890,122892,122919,122922,122945,122948,122954,122957,122994,123006,123013,123015,123066,123069,123101,123104,123106,123113,123115,123130,123132,123189,123193,123217,123219,123224,123240,123247,123251,123254,123337,123347,123349,123354,123357,123363,123366,123372,123375,123381,123384,123391,123399,123401,123446],[10,121763,3928,121765,3932],{"id":121764},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121766,47829],{},[20,121768,32452,121769,121771],{},[15,121770,47829],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121773,121774,121775,121777],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121776,47829],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[38,121779,41],{"id":40},[43,121781,121783],{"className":45,"code":121782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121784,121785,121793,121807,121811,121821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121786,121787,121789,121791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121788,21758],{"class":58},[52,121790,63],{"class":62},[52,121792,45370],{"class":103},[52,121794,121795,121797,121799,121801,121803,121805],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121796,34824],{"class":58},[52,121798,63],{"class":62},[52,121800,49050],{"class":3251},[52,121802,145],{"class":66},[52,121804,96],{"class":124},[52,121806,151],{"class":66},[52,121808,121809],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121810,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,121812,121813,121815,121817,121819],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121814,142],{"class":141},[52,121816,145],{"class":66},[52,121818,34845],{"class":124},[52,121820,151],{"class":66},[52,121822,121823,121825,121827,121829,121831,121833],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,121824,142],{"class":141},[52,121826,145],{"class":66},[52,121828,3573],{"class":3251},[52,121830,145],{"class":66},[52,121832,34845],{"class":124},[52,121834,2120],{"class":66},[20,121836,121837],{},[33,121838,173],{},[43,121840,121842],{"className":45,"code":121841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121843,121844,121848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121845,121846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121847,3059],{"class":103},[52,121849,121850,121852,121854,121856,121858,121860],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121851,3642],{"class":62},[52,121853,3645],{"class":2413},[52,121855,195],{"class":70},[52,121857,3795],{"class":74},[52,121859,186],{"class":70},[52,121861,3654],{"class":62},[20,121863,222,121864,121866],{},[15,121865,47829],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[38,121868,4031,121870,4034],{"id":121869},"what-str-does",[15,121871,47829],{},[20,121873,121874,121876],{},[15,121875,47829],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121878,694],{},[234,121880,121881,121888,121895,121902],{},[237,121882,121883,121884,42298,121886],{},"An integer like ",[15,121885,2679],{},[15,121887,42269],{},[237,121889,121890,121891,42298,121893],{},"A float like ",[15,121892,40285],{},[15,121894,48240],{},[237,121896,121897,121898,42298,121900],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121899,1048],{},[15,121901,6993],{},[237,121903,121904,121905,42298,121907],{},"A list like ",[15,121906,75397],{},[15,121908,121909],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121911,121912],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[234,121914,121915,121918,121921,121924],{},[237,121916,121917],{},"print it",[237,121919,121920],{},"combine it with other strings",[237,121922,121923],{},"save it to a file",[237,121925,121926],{},"use it in messages",[38,121928,269],{"id":268},[20,121930,7571],{},[43,121932,121934],{"className":45,"code":121933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"str(object)\n",[15,121935,121936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121937,121938,121940,121942,121944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121939,3795],{"class":3251},[52,121941,145],{"class":66},[52,121943,42542],{"class":3251},[52,121945,151],{"class":66},[20,121947,20900,121948,121950],{},[15,121949,42542],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121952,121953,8579],{},[15,121954,47829],{},[20,121956,121957],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[43,121959,121961],{"className":45,"code":121960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121962,121963,121972,121995,121999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121964,121965,121967,121969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121966,5448],{"class":58},[52,121968,63],{"class":62},[52,121970,121971],{"class":103}," 100\n",[52,121973,121974,121976,121978,121980,121983,121985,121987,121989,121991,121993],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,121975,90158],{"class":58},[52,121977,63],{"class":62},[52,121979,83],{"class":70},[52,121981,121982],{"class":74},"Your score is ",[52,121984,71],{"class":70},[52,121986,2804],{"class":62},[52,121988,49050],{"class":3251},[52,121990,145],{"class":66},[52,121992,85671],{"class":124},[52,121994,151],{"class":66},[52,121996,121997],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121998,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122000,122001,122003,122005,122007],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122002,142],{"class":141},[52,122004,145],{"class":66},[52,122006,90175],{"class":124},[52,122008,151],{"class":66},[20,122010,122011],{},[33,122012,173],{},[43,122014,122016],{"className":45,"code":122015,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122017,122018],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122019,122020,122023,122025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122021,122022],{"class":58},"Your score ",[52,122024,164],{"class":62},[52,122026,121971],{"class":103},[20,122028,2644,122029,122033],{},[257,122030,122031,2651],{"href":2647},[15,122032,2650],{}," can help you check.",[38,122035,122037],{"id":122036},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1335,122039,122041],{"id":122040},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[43,122043,122045],{"className":45,"code":122044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122046,122047,122055,122069,122073,122083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122048,122049,122051,122053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122050,2564],{"class":58},[52,122052,63],{"class":62},[52,122054,1883],{"class":103},[52,122056,122057,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122058,34824],{"class":58},[52,122060,63],{"class":62},[52,122062,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122064,145],{"class":66},[52,122066,2587],{"class":124},[52,122068,151],{"class":66},[52,122070,122071],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122072,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122074,122075,122077,122079,122081],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122076,142],{"class":141},[52,122078,145],{"class":66},[52,122080,34845],{"class":124},[52,122082,151],{"class":66},[52,122084,122085,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122086,142],{"class":141},[52,122088,145],{"class":66},[52,122090,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122092,145],{"class":66},[52,122094,34845],{"class":124},[52,122096,2120],{"class":66},[20,122098,122099],{},[33,122100,173],{},[43,122102,122104],{"className":45,"code":122103,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122105,122106,122110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122107,122108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122109,2725],{"class":103},[52,122111,122112,122114,122116,122118,122120,122122],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122113,3642],{"class":62},[52,122115,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122117,195],{"class":70},[52,122119,3795],{"class":74},[52,122121,186],{"class":70},[52,122123,3654],{"class":62},[1335,122125,122127],{"id":122126},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[43,122129,122131],{"className":45,"code":122130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122132,122133,122142,122156,122160,122170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122134,122135,122137,122139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122136,40529],{"class":58},[52,122138,63],{"class":62},[52,122140,122141],{"class":103}," 3.14\n",[52,122143,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122145,34824],{"class":58},[52,122147,63],{"class":62},[52,122149,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122151,145],{"class":66},[52,122153,25281],{"class":124},[52,122155,151],{"class":66},[52,122157,122158],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122159,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122161,122162,122164,122166,122168],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122163,142],{"class":141},[52,122165,145],{"class":66},[52,122167,34845],{"class":124},[52,122169,151],{"class":66},[52,122171,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180,122182],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122173,142],{"class":141},[52,122175,145],{"class":66},[52,122177,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122179,145],{"class":66},[52,122181,34845],{"class":124},[52,122183,2120],{"class":66},[20,122185,122186],{},[33,122187,173],{},[43,122189,122191],{"className":45,"code":122190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122192,122193,122197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122194,122195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122196,40319],{"class":103},[52,122198,122199,122201,122203,122205,122207,122209],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122200,3642],{"class":62},[52,122202,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122204,195],{"class":70},[52,122206,3795],{"class":74},[52,122208,186],{"class":70},[52,122210,3654],{"class":62},[1335,122212,122214],{"id":122213},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[43,122216,122218],{"className":45,"code":122217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122219,122220,122228,122242,122246,122256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122221,122222,122224,122226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122223,2796],{"class":58},[52,122225,63],{"class":62},[52,122227,6777],{"class":218},[52,122229,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238,122240],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122231,34824],{"class":58},[52,122233,63],{"class":62},[52,122235,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122237,145],{"class":66},[52,122239,2823],{"class":124},[52,122241,151],{"class":66},[52,122243,122244],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122245,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122247,122248,122250,122252,122254],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122249,142],{"class":141},[52,122251,145],{"class":66},[52,122253,34845],{"class":124},[52,122255,151],{"class":66},[52,122257,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122259,142],{"class":141},[52,122261,145],{"class":66},[52,122263,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122265,145],{"class":66},[52,122267,34845],{"class":124},[52,122269,2120],{"class":66},[20,122271,122272],{},[33,122273,173],{},[43,122275,122277],{"className":45,"code":122276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122278,122279,122283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122280,122281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122282,1025],{"class":218},[52,122284,122285,122287,122289,122291,122293,122295],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122286,3642],{"class":62},[52,122288,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122290,195],{"class":70},[52,122292,3795],{"class":74},[52,122294,186],{"class":70},[52,122296,3654],{"class":62},[1335,122298,122300],{"id":122299},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[43,122302,122304],{"className":45,"code":122303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122305,122306,122326,122340,122344,122354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320,122322,122324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122309,8133],{"class":58},[52,122311,63],{"class":62},[52,122313,755],{"class":66},[52,122315,3339],{"class":103},[52,122317,91],{"class":66},[52,122319,1378],{"class":103},[52,122321,91],{"class":66},[52,122323,2801],{"class":103},[52,122325,766],{"class":66},[52,122327,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336,122338],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122329,34824],{"class":58},[52,122331,63],{"class":62},[52,122333,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122335,145],{"class":66},[52,122337,8163],{"class":124},[52,122339,151],{"class":66},[52,122341,122342],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122343,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122345,122346,122348,122350,122352],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122347,142],{"class":141},[52,122349,145],{"class":66},[52,122351,34845],{"class":124},[52,122353,151],{"class":66},[52,122355,122356,122358,122360,122362,122364,122366],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122357,142],{"class":141},[52,122359,145],{"class":66},[52,122361,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122363,145],{"class":66},[52,122365,34845],{"class":124},[52,122367,2120],{"class":66},[20,122369,122370],{},[33,122371,173],{},[43,122373,122375],{"className":45,"code":122374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122376,122377,122393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122378,122379,122381,122383,122385,122387,122389,122391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122380,513],{"class":66},[52,122382,3339],{"class":103},[52,122384,91],{"class":66},[52,122386,1378],{"class":103},[52,122388,91],{"class":66},[52,122390,2801],{"class":103},[52,122392,766],{"class":66},[52,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122396,3642],{"class":62},[52,122398,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122400,195],{"class":70},[52,122402,3795],{"class":74},[52,122404,186],{"class":70},[52,122406,3654],{"class":62},[20,122408,122409,122410,122412],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[33,122411,1332],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[38,122414,1063,122416],{"id":122415},"when-to-use-str",[15,122417,47829],{},[20,122419,222,122420,122422],{},[15,122421,47829],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122424,36565],{},[234,122426,122427,122430,122433,122436],{},[237,122428,122429],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[237,122431,122432],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[237,122434,122435],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[237,122437,122438],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122440,309],{},[43,122442,122444],{"className":45,"code":122443,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122445,122446,122458,122466,122470,122505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122447,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122449,8230],{"class":58},[52,122451,63],{"class":62},[52,122453,83],{"class":70},[52,122455,11844],{"class":74},[52,122457,3710],{"class":70},[52,122459,122460,122462,122464],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122461,21758],{"class":58},[52,122463,63],{"class":62},[52,122465,45370],{"class":103},[52,122467,122468],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122469,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122471,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500,122503],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122473,90158],{"class":58},[52,122475,63],{"class":62},[52,122477,36107],{"class":58},[52,122479,2407],{"class":62},[52,122481,83],{"class":70},[52,122483,1036],{"class":74},[52,122485,71],{"class":70},[52,122487,2804],{"class":62},[52,122489,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122491,145],{"class":66},[52,122493,96],{"class":124},[52,122495,4014],{"class":66},[52,122497,2804],{"class":62},[52,122499,83],{"class":70},[52,122501,122502],{"class":74}," years old.",[52,122504,3710],{"class":70},[52,122506,122507,122509,122511,122513],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122508,142],{"class":141},[52,122510,145],{"class":66},[52,122512,90175],{"class":124},[52,122514,151],{"class":66},[20,122516,122517],{},[33,122518,173],{},[43,122520,122522],{"className":45,"code":122521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122523,122524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122525,122526,122529,122531,122533,122536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122527,122528],{"class":58},"Maya ",[52,122530,164],{"class":62},[52,122532,483],{"class":103},[52,122534,122535],{"class":58}," years old",[52,122537,122538],{"class":66},".\n",[20,122540,122541,122542,121],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[257,122543,89844],{"href":89843},[38,122545,122547,10931,122549],{"id":122546},"str-vs-print",[15,122548,47829],{},[15,122550,46597],{},[20,122552,122553],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[234,122555,122556,122561],{},[237,122557,122558,122560],{},[15,122559,47829],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[237,122562,122563,122565],{},[15,122564,46597],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122567,309],{},[43,122569,122571],{"className":45,"code":122570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122572,122573,122581,122585,122599,122609,122623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122574,122575,122577,122579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122576,2796],{"class":58},[52,122578,63],{"class":62},[52,122580,3119],{"class":103},[52,122582,122583],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122584,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122586,122587,122589,122591,122593,122595,122597],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122588,34824],{"class":58},[52,122590,63],{"class":62},[52,122592,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122594,145],{"class":66},[52,122596,2823],{"class":124},[52,122598,151],{"class":66},[52,122600,122601,122603,122605,122607],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122602,142],{"class":141},[52,122604,145],{"class":66},[52,122606,34845],{"class":124},[52,122608,151],{"class":66},[52,122610,122611,122613,122615,122617,122619,122621],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122612,142],{"class":141},[52,122614,145],{"class":66},[52,122616,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122618,145],{"class":66},[52,122620,34845],{"class":124},[52,122622,2120],{"class":66},[52,122624,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,122626,142],{"class":141},[52,122628,145],{"class":66},[52,122630,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122632,145],{"class":66},[52,122634,2823],{"class":124},[52,122636,2120],{"class":66},[20,122638,122639],{},[33,122640,173],{},[43,122642,122644],{"className":45,"code":122643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122645,122646,122650,122664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122647,122648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122649,46757],{"class":103},[52,122651,122652,122654,122656,122658,122660,122662],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122653,3642],{"class":62},[52,122655,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122657,195],{"class":70},[52,122659,3795],{"class":74},[52,122661,186],{"class":70},[52,122663,3654],{"class":62},[52,122665,122666,122668,122670,122672,122674,122676],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122667,3642],{"class":62},[52,122669,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122671,195],{"class":70},[52,122673,2535],{"class":74},[52,122675,186],{"class":70},[52,122677,3654],{"class":62},[20,122679,122680],{},"Notice:",[234,122682,122683,122689,122694],{},[237,122684,122685,122688],{},[15,122686,122687],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[237,122690,122691,122693],{},[15,122692,46597],{}," only displayed values",[237,122695,122696,122698,122699,122701,122702,61451,122704],{},[15,122697,46597],{}," did not change ",[15,122700,2823],{}," from ",[15,122703,2535],{},[15,122705,3795],{},[20,122707,122708,122709,121],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[257,122710,122711,2651],{"href":46594},[15,122712,46597],{},[38,122714,122716,10931,122718,122721],{"id":122715},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122717,47829],{},[15,122719,122720],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122723,122724],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[234,122726,122727,122732],{},[237,122728,122729,122731],{},[15,122730,47829],{}," is the more readable text version",[237,122733,122734,122736],{},[15,122735,122720],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122738,122739,122740,122742],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122741,47829],{}," much more often.",[20,122744,122745,122746,122748],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122747,47829],{}," is usually the right choice.",[38,122750,4873],{"id":4872},[1335,122752,25906,122754,122756],{"id":122753},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122755,47829],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122758,122759,122761],{},[15,122760,47829],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[43,122763,122765],{"className":45,"code":122764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122766,122767,122775,122789,122793,122803,122817,122827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122768,122769,122771,122773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122770,21758],{"class":58},[52,122772,63],{"class":62},[52,122774,45370],{"class":103},[52,122776,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785,122787],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122778,34824],{"class":58},[52,122780,63],{"class":62},[52,122782,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122784,145],{"class":66},[52,122786,96],{"class":124},[52,122788,151],{"class":66},[52,122790,122791],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122792,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122794,122795,122797,122799,122801],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122796,142],{"class":141},[52,122798,145],{"class":66},[52,122800,96],{"class":124},[52,122802,151],{"class":66},[52,122804,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,122806,142],{"class":141},[52,122808,145],{"class":66},[52,122810,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122812,145],{"class":66},[52,122814,96],{"class":124},[52,122816,2120],{"class":66},[52,122818,122819,122821,122823,122825],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,122820,142],{"class":141},[52,122822,145],{"class":66},[52,122824,34845],{"class":124},[52,122826,151],{"class":66},[52,122828,122829,122831,122833,122835,122837,122839],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,122830,142],{"class":141},[52,122832,145],{"class":66},[52,122834,3573],{"class":3251},[52,122836,145],{"class":66},[52,122838,34845],{"class":124},[52,122840,2120],{"class":66},[20,122842,122843],{},[33,122844,173],{},[43,122846,122848],{"className":45,"code":122847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122849,122850,122854,122868,122872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122851,122852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122853,3059],{"class":103},[52,122855,122856,122858,122860,122862,122864,122866],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122857,3642],{"class":62},[52,122859,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122861,195],{"class":70},[52,122863,2535],{"class":74},[52,122865,186],{"class":70},[52,122867,3654],{"class":62},[52,122869,122870],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122871,3059],{"class":103},[52,122873,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882,122884],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122875,3642],{"class":62},[52,122877,3645],{"class":2413},[52,122879,195],{"class":70},[52,122881,3795],{"class":74},[52,122883,186],{"class":70},[52,122885,3654],{"class":62},[1335,122887,122889],{"id":122888},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122891,7040],{},[43,122893,122895],{"className":45,"code":122894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122896,122897,122905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122898,122899,122901,122903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122900,21758],{"class":58},[52,122902,63],{"class":62},[52,122904,45370],{"class":103},[52,122906,122907,122909,122911,122913,122915,122917],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122908,34824],{"class":58},[52,122910,63],{"class":62},[52,122912,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122914,145],{"class":66},[52,122916,96],{"class":124},[52,122918,151],{"class":66},[20,122920,122921],{},"But if you only do this:",[43,122923,122925],{"className":45,"code":122924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122926,122927,122935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122928,122929,122931,122933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122930,21758],{"class":58},[52,122932,63],{"class":62},[52,122934,45370],{"class":103},[52,122936,122937,122939,122941,122943],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122938,3795],{"class":3251},[52,122940,145],{"class":66},[52,122942,96],{"class":124},[52,122944,151],{"class":66},[20,122946,122947],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1335,122949,1326,122951,122953],{"id":122950},"using-str-too-early",[15,122952,47829],{}," too early",[20,122955,122956],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[43,122958,122960],{"className":45,"code":122959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122961,122962,122970,122985,122989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122963,122964,122966,122968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122965,40529],{"class":58},[52,122967,63],{"class":62},[52,122969,1883],{"class":103},[52,122971,122972,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,122973,122974],{"class":58},"text_price ",[52,122976,63],{"class":62},[52,122978,49050],{"class":3251},[52,122980,145],{"class":66},[52,122982,25281],{"class":124},[52,122984,151],{"class":66},[52,122986,122987],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122988,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,122990,122991],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122992,122993],{"class":4017},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122995,122996,122997,261,123001,123005],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[257,122998,122999],{"href":3224},[15,123000,3227],{},[257,123002,123003],{"href":3230},[15,123004,3233],{},", depending on the situation.",[1335,123007,8807,123009,123012],{"id":123008},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123010,123011],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123014,64794],{},[43,123016,123018],{"className":45,"code":123017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123019,123020,123052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123021,123022,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048,123050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123023,8133],{"class":58},[52,123025,63],{"class":62},[52,123027,755],{"class":66},[52,123029,71],{"class":70},[52,123031,4432],{"class":74},[52,123033,71],{"class":70},[52,123035,91],{"class":66},[52,123037,83],{"class":70},[52,123039,4441],{"class":74},[52,123041,71],{"class":70},[52,123043,91],{"class":66},[52,123045,83],{"class":70},[52,123047,33356],{"class":74},[52,123049,71],{"class":70},[52,123051,766],{"class":66},[52,123053,123054,123056,123058,123060,123062,123064],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123055,142],{"class":141},[52,123057,145],{"class":66},[52,123059,3795],{"class":3251},[52,123061,145],{"class":66},[52,123063,8163],{"class":124},[52,123065,2120],{"class":66},[20,123067,123068],{},"prints:",[43,123070,123071],{"className":45,"code":72987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123072,123073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123074,123075,123077,123079,123081,123083,123085,123087,123089,123091,123093,123095,123097,123099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123076,513],{"class":66},[52,123078,186],{"class":70},[52,123080,4432],{"class":74},[52,123082,186],{"class":70},[52,123084,91],{"class":66},[52,123086,195],{"class":70},[52,123088,4441],{"class":74},[52,123090,186],{"class":70},[52,123092,91],{"class":66},[52,123094,195],{"class":70},[52,123096,33356],{"class":74},[52,123098,186],{"class":70},[52,123100,766],{"class":66},[20,123102,123103],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[38,123105,17546],{"id":17545},[20,123107,123108,22105,123110,121],{},[15,123109,47829],{},[33,123111,123112],{},"new string",[20,123114,11798],{},[234,123116,123117,123120,123123],{},[237,123118,123119],{},"It always returns a string",[237,123121,123122],{},"It does not modify the original object",[237,123124,8116,123125,123129],{},[257,123126,123127],{"href":2647},[15,123128,2650],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123131,309],{},[43,123133,123135],{"className":45,"code":123134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123136,123137,123145,123160,123164,123175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123138,123139,123141,123143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123140,2796],{"class":58},[52,123142,63],{"class":62},[52,123144,1414],{"class":103},[52,123146,123147,123150,123152,123154,123156,123158],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123148,123149],{"class":58},"converted ",[52,123151,63],{"class":62},[52,123153,49050],{"class":3251},[52,123155,145],{"class":66},[52,123157,2823],{"class":124},[52,123159,151],{"class":66},[52,123161,123162],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,123163,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,123165,123166,123168,123170,123173],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,123167,142],{"class":141},[52,123169,145],{"class":66},[52,123171,123172],{"class":124},"converted",[52,123174,151],{"class":66},[52,123176,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,123178,142],{"class":141},[52,123180,145],{"class":66},[52,123182,3573],{"class":3251},[52,123184,145],{"class":66},[52,123186,123172],{"class":124},[52,123188,2120],{"class":66},[20,123190,123191],{},[33,123192,173],{},[43,123194,123196],{"className":45,"code":123195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123197,123198,123203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123199,123200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123201,123202],{"class":103},"99\n",[52,123204,123205,123207,123209,123211,123213,123215],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123206,3642],{"class":62},[52,123208,3645],{"class":2413},[52,123210,195],{"class":70},[52,123212,3795],{"class":74},[52,123214,186],{"class":70},[52,123216,3654],{"class":62},[38,123218,113878],{"id":113877},[20,123220,123221,123222,74966],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123223,47829],{},[234,123225,123226,123229,123232,123237],{},[237,123227,123228],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[237,123230,123231],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[237,123233,1326,123234,123236],{},[15,123235,47829],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[237,123238,123239],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123241,123242,123243,121],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[257,123244,25811,123245],{"href":90556},[15,123246,90557],{},[38,123248,123250],{"id":123249},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123252,123253],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[43,123255,123257],{"className":45,"code":123256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123258,123259,123267,123271,123281,123295,123299,123313,123323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123260,123261,123263,123265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123262,2796],{"class":58},[52,123264,63],{"class":62},[52,123266,45370],{"class":103},[52,123268,123269],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123270,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,123272,123273,123275,123277,123279],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,123274,142],{"class":141},[52,123276,145],{"class":66},[52,123278,2823],{"class":124},[52,123280,151],{"class":66},[52,123282,123283,123285,123287,123289,123291,123293],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,123284,142],{"class":141},[52,123286,145],{"class":66},[52,123288,3573],{"class":3251},[52,123290,145],{"class":66},[52,123292,2823],{"class":124},[52,123294,2120],{"class":66},[52,123296,123297],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,123298,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,123300,123301,123303,123305,123307,123309,123311],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,123302,123149],{"class":58},[52,123304,63],{"class":62},[52,123306,49050],{"class":3251},[52,123308,145],{"class":66},[52,123310,2823],{"class":124},[52,123312,151],{"class":66},[52,123314,123315,123317,123319,123321],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,123316,142],{"class":141},[52,123318,145],{"class":66},[52,123320,123172],{"class":124},[52,123322,151],{"class":66},[52,123324,123325,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,123326,142],{"class":141},[52,123328,145],{"class":66},[52,123330,3573],{"class":3251},[52,123332,145],{"class":66},[52,123334,123172],{"class":124},[52,123336,2120],{"class":66},[20,123338,123339,123340,2536,123342,123344,123345,121],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123341,2535],{},[15,123343,2539],{},", or another type into ",[15,123346,3795],{},[38,123348,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,123350,5495,123352,5498],{"id":123351},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123353,47829],{},[20,123355,123356],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1335,123358,2195,123360,123362],{"id":123359},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123361,47829],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123364,123365],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1335,123367,5523,123369,123371],{"id":123368},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123370,47829],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123373,123374],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1335,123376,94742,123378,123380],{"id":123377},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123379,47829],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123382,123383],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1335,123385,2205,123387,57354,123389,2221],{"id":123386},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123388,47829],{},[15,123390,46597],{},[20,123392,46510,123393,123395,123396,123398],{},[15,123394,47829],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123397,46597],{}," shows output.",[38,123400,2240],{"id":2239},[234,123402,123403,123409,123415,123421,123427,123436,123440],{},[237,123404,123405],{},[257,123406,123407,3861],{"href":46594},[15,123408,46597],{},[237,123410,123411],{},[257,123412,123413,3861],{"href":2647},[15,123414,2650],{},[237,123416,123417],{},[257,123418,123419,3861],{"href":3224},[15,123420,3227],{},[237,123422,123423],{},[257,123424,123425,3861],{"href":3230},[15,123426,3233],{},[237,123428,123429],{},[257,123430,123432,123433,123435],{"href":123431},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123434,2535],{}," to string in Python",[237,123437,123438],{},[257,123439,90834],{"href":89843},[237,123441,123442],{},[257,123443,30481,123444],{"href":90556},[15,123445,90557],{},[2278,123447,123448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":123450},[123451,123452,123454,123455,123461,123463,123465,123467,123476,123477,123478,123479,123491],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":121869,"depth":110,"text":123453},"What str() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":122036,"depth":110,"text":122037,"children":123456},[123457,123458,123459,123460],{"id":122040,"depth":131,"text":122041},{"id":122126,"depth":131,"text":122127},{"id":122213,"depth":131,"text":122214},{"id":122299,"depth":131,"text":122300},{"id":122415,"depth":110,"text":123462},"When to use str()",{"id":122546,"depth":110,"text":123464},"str() vs print()",{"id":122715,"depth":110,"text":123466},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":123468},[123469,123471,123472,123474],{"id":122753,"depth":131,"text":123470},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122888,"depth":131,"text":122889},{"id":122950,"depth":131,"text":123473},"Using str() too early",{"id":123008,"depth":131,"text":123475},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":113877,"depth":110,"text":113878},{"id":123249,"depth":110,"text":123250},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":123480},[123481,123483,123485,123487,123489],{"id":123351,"depth":131,"text":123482},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123359,"depth":131,"text":123484},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123368,"depth":131,"text":123486},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123377,"depth":131,"text":123488},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123386,"depth":131,"text":123490},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42319,"description":123492},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123499,"title":123500,"body":123501,"description":124954,"extension":2310,"meta":124955,"navigation":134,"path":124956,"seo":124957,"stem":124958,"__hash__":124959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123502,"toc":124916},[123503,123509,123515,123518,123540,123542,123604,123606,123619,123625,123630,123635,123637,123650,123661,123663,123690,123692,123709,123716,123727,123729,123734,123736,123748,123756,123765,123767,123770,123823,123825,123833,123841,123845,123850,123890,123892,123900,123903,123905,123945,123947,123955,123965,123971,123974,124047,124049,124062,124066,124071,124099,124102,124137,124139,124147,124150,124154,124158,124160,124176,124178,124218,124220,124228,124237,124280,124282,124290,124292,124296,124302,124305,124345,124347,124355,124360,124363,124406,124410,124413,124448,124453,124455,124494,124504,124512,124522,124530,124534,124539,124541,124582,124584,124592,124597,124600,124603,124621,124627,124631,124636,124639,124679,124681,124686,124785,124788,124804,124806,124825,124827,124834,124837,124843,124846,124852,124856,124862,124865,124871,124874,124876,124913],[10,123504,123506,123507,18],{"id":123505},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123508,57439],{},[20,123510,123511,123512,123514],{},"The Python string ",[15,123513,57439],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123516,123517],{},"This reference page explains:",[234,123519,123520,123524,123527,123529,123537],{},[237,123521,26151,123522,4034],{},[15,123523,57439],{},[237,123525,123526],{},"its syntax",[237,123528,35532],{},[237,123530,123531,123532,2218,123534,123536],{},"how ",[15,123533,36211],{},[15,123535,52808],{}," work",[237,123538,123539],{},"common beginner mistakes",[38,123541,41],{"id":40},[43,123543,123545],{"className":45,"code":123544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123546,123547,123559,123581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123548,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123550,34824],{"class":58},[52,123552,63],{"class":62},[52,123554,83],{"class":70},[52,123556,4441],{"class":74},[52,123558,3710],{"class":70},[52,123560,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123562,142],{"class":141},[52,123564,145],{"class":66},[52,123566,34845],{"class":124},[52,123568,121],{"class":66},[52,123570,41402],{"class":124},[52,123572,145],{"class":66},[52,123574,71],{"class":70},[52,123576,257],{"class":74},[52,123578,71],{"class":70},[52,123580,2120],{"class":66},[52,123582,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591,123593,123595,123597,123600,123602],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,123584,142],{"class":141},[52,123586,145],{"class":66},[52,123588,34845],{"class":124},[52,123590,121],{"class":66},[52,123592,41402],{"class":124},[52,123594,145],{"class":66},[52,123596,71],{"class":70},[52,123598,123599],{"class":74},"na",[52,123601,71],{"class":70},[52,123603,2120],{"class":66},[20,123605,173],{},[43,123607,123609],{"className":45,"code":123608,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\n",[15,123610,123611,123615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123612,123613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123614,46762],{"class":103},[52,123616,123617],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123618,17183],{"class":103},[20,123620,222,123621,123624],{},[15,123622,123623],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[38,123626,229,123628,232],{"id":123627},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123629,57439],{},[20,123631,123632,123634],{},[15,123633,57439],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123636,293],{},[234,123638,123639,123642,123645,123647],{},[237,123640,123641],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[237,123643,123644],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[237,123646,43802],{},[237,123648,123649],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123651,123652,123653,123655,123656,2536,123658,123660],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123654,18224],{}," characters are in ",[15,123657,65425],{},[15,123659,57439],{}," is a simple choice.",[38,123662,269],{"id":268},[43,123664,123666],{"className":45,"code":123665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123667,123668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123669,123670,123672,123674,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123671,61324],{"class":58},[52,123673,121],{"class":66},[52,123675,41402],{"class":124},[52,123677,145],{"class":66},[52,123679,2823],{"class":124},[52,123681,91],{"class":66},[52,123683,36190],{"class":124},[52,123685,91],{"class":66},[52,123687,65191],{"class":124},[52,123689,151],{"class":66},[1335,123691,17522],{"id":17521},[234,123693,123694,123699,123704],{},[237,123695,123696,123698],{},[15,123697,2823],{},": the text to search for",[237,123700,123701,123703],{},[15,123702,36211],{},": optional; where counting begins",[237,123705,123706,123708],{},[15,123707,52808],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123710,123711,2218,123713,123715],{},[15,123712,36211],{},[15,123714,52808],{}," work like slice positions:",[234,123717,123718,123723],{},[237,123719,123720,123722],{},[15,123721,36211],{}," is included",[237,123724,123725,75892],{},[15,123726,52808],{},[38,123728,17546],{"id":17545},[20,123730,123731,123733],{},[15,123732,57439],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123735,2473],{},[234,123737,123738,123743],{},[237,123739,123740,123741],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123742,2410],{},[237,123744,123745,123746],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123747,2467],{},[20,123749,41048,123750,5514,123752,261,123754,121],{},[33,123751,1332],{},[15,123753,1048],{},[15,123755,1039],{},[20,123757,123758,123759,123764],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[257,123760,123762,101752],{"href":123761},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123763,4238],{}," is often a better fit.",[38,123766,438],{"id":437},[20,123768,123769],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[43,123771,123773],{"className":45,"code":123772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123774,123775,123787,123809,123813],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123778,34824],{"class":58},[52,123780,63],{"class":62},[52,123782,83],{"class":70},[52,123784,4432],{"class":74},[52,123786,3710],{"class":70},[52,123788,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123790,2577],{"class":58},[52,123792,63],{"class":62},[52,123794,42985],{"class":58},[52,123796,121],{"class":66},[52,123798,41402],{"class":124},[52,123800,145],{"class":66},[52,123802,71],{"class":70},[52,123804,20],{"class":74},[52,123806,71],{"class":70},[52,123808,151],{"class":66},[52,123810,123811],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,123812,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,123814,123815,123817,123819,123821],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,123816,142],{"class":141},[52,123818,145],{"class":66},[52,123820,2612],{"class":124},[52,123822,151],{"class":66},[20,123824,173],{},[43,123826,123827],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123828,123829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123830,123831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123832,17183],{"class":103},[20,123834,63970,123835,123838,123839,121],{},[15,123836,123837],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123840,57982],{},[38,123842,123844],{"id":123843},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123846,123847,123849],{},[15,123848,57439],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[43,123851,123853],{"className":45,"code":123852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123854,123855,123868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123856,123857,123859,123861,123863,123866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123858,34824],{"class":58},[52,123860,63],{"class":62},[52,123862,83],{"class":70},[52,123864,123865],{"class":74},"cat dog cat bird cat",[52,123867,3710],{"class":70},[52,123869,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123871,142],{"class":141},[52,123873,145],{"class":66},[52,123875,34845],{"class":124},[52,123877,121],{"class":66},[52,123879,41402],{"class":124},[52,123881,145],{"class":66},[52,123883,71],{"class":70},[52,123885,37187],{"class":74},[52,123887,71],{"class":70},[52,123889,2120],{"class":66},[20,123891,173],{},[43,123893,123894],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123895,123896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123897,123898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123899,46762],{"class":103},[20,123901,123902],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123904,309],{},[43,123906,123908],{"className":45,"code":123907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123909,123910,123923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123911,123912,123914,123916,123918,123921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123913,34824],{"class":58},[52,123915,63],{"class":62},[52,123917,83],{"class":70},[52,123919,123920],{"class":74},"one One one",[52,123922,3710],{"class":70},[52,123924,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123926,142],{"class":141},[52,123928,145],{"class":66},[52,123930,34845],{"class":124},[52,123932,121],{"class":66},[52,123934,41402],{"class":124},[52,123936,145],{"class":66},[52,123938,71],{"class":70},[52,123940,6937],{"class":74},[52,123942,71],{"class":70},[52,123944,2120],{"class":66},[20,123946,173],{},[43,123948,123949],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123950,123951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123952,123953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123954,17183],{"class":103},[20,123956,123957,123958,123961,123962,123964],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123959,123960],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123963,57439],{}," is case-sensitive.",[38,123966,1326,123967,2218,123969],{"id":65557},[15,123968,36211],{},[15,123970,52808],{},[20,123972,123973],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[43,123975,123977],{"className":45,"code":123976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123978,123979,123991,124017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123980,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123982,34824],{"class":58},[52,123984,63],{"class":62},[52,123986,83],{"class":70},[52,123988,4441],{"class":74},[52,123990,3710],{"class":70},[52,123992,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,123994,142],{"class":141},[52,123996,145],{"class":66},[52,123998,34845],{"class":124},[52,124000,121],{"class":66},[52,124002,41402],{"class":124},[52,124004,145],{"class":66},[52,124006,71],{"class":70},[52,124008,257],{"class":74},[52,124010,71],{"class":70},[52,124012,91],{"class":66},[52,124014,1378],{"class":103},[52,124016,2120],{"class":66},[52,124018,124019,124021,124023,124025,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124020,142],{"class":141},[52,124022,145],{"class":66},[52,124024,34845],{"class":124},[52,124026,121],{"class":66},[52,124028,41402],{"class":124},[52,124030,145],{"class":66},[52,124032,71],{"class":70},[52,124034,257],{"class":74},[52,124036,71],{"class":70},[52,124038,91],{"class":66},[52,124040,1378],{"class":103},[52,124042,91],{"class":66},[52,124044,4959],{"class":103},[52,124046,2120],{"class":66},[20,124048,173],{},[43,124050,124052],{"className":45,"code":124051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n1\n",[15,124053,124054,124058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124055,124056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124057,17183],{"class":103},[52,124059,124060],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124061,47062],{"class":103},[1335,124063,124065],{"id":124064},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124067,124068,124069,80],{},"In ",[15,124070,65425],{},[234,124072,124073,124081,124089],{},[237,124074,71116,124075,124077,124078],{},[15,124076,2404],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124079,124080],{},"\"n\"",[237,124082,124083,124086,124087,76190],{},[15,124084,124085],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124088,2404],{},[237,124090,124091,124086,124094,124096,124097],{},[15,124092,124093],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124095,2404],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124098,2484],{},[20,124100,124101],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[43,124103,124105],{"className":45,"code":124104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124106,124107,124119],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124108,124109,124111,124113,124115,124117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124110,34824],{"class":58},[52,124112,63],{"class":62},[52,124114,83],{"class":70},[52,124116,4441],{"class":74},[52,124118,3710],{"class":70},[52,124120,124121,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131,124133,124135],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124122,142],{"class":141},[52,124124,145],{"class":66},[52,124126,34845],{"class":124},[52,124128,513],{"class":66},[52,124130,2404],{"class":103},[52,124132,80],{"class":66},[52,124134,2484],{"class":103},[52,124136,913],{"class":66},[20,124138,173],{},[43,124140,124141],{"className":45,"code":41611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124142,124143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124144,124145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124146,41611],{"class":58},[20,124148,124149],{},"Only that section is searched.",[38,124151,124153],{"id":124152},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124155,124156,123964],{},[15,124157,57439],{},[20,124159,694],{},[234,124161,124162,124170],{},[237,124163,124164,2218,124166,124169],{},[15,124165,18224],{},[15,124167,124168],{},"\"A\""," are different",[237,124171,124172,2218,124174,124169],{},[15,124173,64685],{},[15,124175,90569],{},[20,124177,309],{},[43,124179,124181],{"className":45,"code":124180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124182,124183,124196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124184,124185,124187,124189,124191,124194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124186,34824],{"class":58},[52,124188,63],{"class":62},[52,124190,83],{"class":70},[52,124192,124193],{"class":74},"Apple apple APPLE",[52,124195,3710],{"class":70},[52,124197,124198,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124199,142],{"class":141},[52,124201,145],{"class":66},[52,124203,34845],{"class":124},[52,124205,121],{"class":66},[52,124207,41402],{"class":124},[52,124209,145],{"class":66},[52,124211,71],{"class":70},[52,124213,4432],{"class":74},[52,124215,71],{"class":70},[52,124217,2120],{"class":66},[20,124219,173],{},[43,124221,124222],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124223,124224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124225,124226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124227,47062],{"class":103},[20,124229,124230,124231,80],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[257,124232,124234],{"href":124233},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124235,124236],{},"lower()",[43,124238,124240],{"className":45,"code":124239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124241,124242,124254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124243,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124245,34824],{"class":58},[52,124247,63],{"class":62},[52,124249,83],{"class":70},[52,124251,124193],{"class":74},[52,124253,3710],{"class":70},[52,124255,124256,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124257,142],{"class":141},[52,124259,145],{"class":66},[52,124261,34845],{"class":124},[52,124263,121],{"class":66},[52,124265,8995],{"class":124},[52,124267,8992],{"class":66},[52,124269,41402],{"class":124},[52,124271,145],{"class":66},[52,124273,71],{"class":70},[52,124275,4432],{"class":74},[52,124277,71],{"class":70},[52,124279,2120],{"class":66},[20,124281,173],{},[43,124283,124284],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124285,124286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124287,124288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124289,46762],{"class":103},[38,124291,2022],{"id":2021},[20,124293,23225,124294,121],{},[15,124295,57439],{},[1335,124297,8807,124299,124301],{"id":124298},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124300,57439],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124303,124304],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[43,124306,124308],{"className":45,"code":124307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124309,124310,124323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124311,124312,124314,124316,124318,124321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124313,34824],{"class":58},[52,124315,63],{"class":62},[52,124317,83],{"class":70},[52,124319,124320],{"class":74},"Aardvark",[52,124322,3710],{"class":70},[52,124324,124325,124327,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124326,142],{"class":141},[52,124328,145],{"class":66},[52,124330,34845],{"class":124},[52,124332,121],{"class":66},[52,124334,41402],{"class":124},[52,124336,145],{"class":66},[52,124338,71],{"class":70},[52,124340,257],{"class":74},[52,124342,71],{"class":70},[52,124344,2120],{"class":66},[20,124346,173],{},[43,124348,124349],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124350,124351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124352,124353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124354,17183],{"class":103},[20,124356,123957,124357,124359],{},[15,124358,124168],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124361,124362],{},"If needed, convert first:",[43,124364,124366],{"className":45,"code":124365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124367,124368,124380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124369,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124371,34824],{"class":58},[52,124373,63],{"class":62},[52,124375,83],{"class":70},[52,124377,124320],{"class":74},[52,124379,3710],{"class":70},[52,124381,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124383,142],{"class":141},[52,124385,145],{"class":66},[52,124387,34845],{"class":124},[52,124389,121],{"class":66},[52,124391,8995],{"class":124},[52,124393,8992],{"class":66},[52,124395,41402],{"class":124},[52,124397,145],{"class":66},[52,124399,71],{"class":70},[52,124401,257],{"class":74},[52,124403,71],{"class":70},[52,124405,2120],{"class":66},[1335,124407,124409],{"id":124408},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124411,124412],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[43,124414,124416],{"className":45,"code":124415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124417,124418,124430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124419,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124421,34824],{"class":58},[52,124423,63],{"class":62},[52,124425,83],{"class":70},[52,124427,4441],{"class":74},[52,124429,3710],{"class":70},[52,124431,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124433,142],{"class":141},[52,124435,145],{"class":66},[52,124437,34845],{"class":124},[52,124439,121],{"class":66},[52,124441,41402],{"class":124},[52,124443,145],{"class":66},[52,124445,257],{"class":124},[52,124447,2120],{"class":66},[20,124449,124450,124451,121],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124452,257],{},[20,124454,11151],{},[43,124456,124458],{"className":45,"code":124457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124459,124460,124472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124461,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124463,34824],{"class":58},[52,124465,63],{"class":62},[52,124467,83],{"class":70},[52,124469,4441],{"class":74},[52,124471,3710],{"class":70},[52,124473,124474,124476,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124475,142],{"class":141},[52,124477,145],{"class":66},[52,124479,34845],{"class":124},[52,124481,121],{"class":66},[52,124483,41402],{"class":124},[52,124485,145],{"class":66},[52,124487,71],{"class":70},[52,124489,257],{"class":74},[52,124491,71],{"class":70},[52,124493,2120],{"class":66},[1335,124495,37344,124497,9059,124499,261,124502],{"id":124496},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124498,57439],{},[15,124500,124501],{},"find()",[15,124503,59117],{},[20,124505,222,124506,124508,124509,121],{},[15,124507,57439],{}," when you need the ",[33,124510,124511],{},"number of matches",[20,124513,222,124514,124508,124519,124521],{},[257,124515,124517],{"href":124516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124518,124501],{},[33,124520,65097],{}," of the first match.",[20,124523,222,124524,124529],{},[257,124525,124527],{"href":124526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124528,59117],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1335,124531,124533],{"id":124532},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124535,124536,124538],{},[15,124537,57439],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124540,309],{},[43,124542,124544],{"className":45,"code":124543,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124545,124546,124559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124547,124548,124550,124552,124554,124557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124549,34824],{"class":58},[52,124551,63],{"class":62},[52,124553,83],{"class":70},[52,124555,124556],{"class":74},"aaaa",[52,124558,3710],{"class":70},[52,124560,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124578,124580],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124562,142],{"class":141},[52,124564,145],{"class":66},[52,124566,34845],{"class":124},[52,124568,121],{"class":66},[52,124570,41402],{"class":124},[52,124572,145],{"class":66},[52,124574,71],{"class":70},[52,124576,124577],{"class":74},"aa",[52,124579,71],{"class":70},[52,124581,2120],{"class":66},[20,124583,173],{},[43,124585,124586],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124587,124588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124589,124590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124591,17183],{"class":103},[20,124593,124594,124595,121],{},"It does not return ",[15,124596,2410],{},[20,124598,124599],{},"Why not?",[20,124601,124602],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[234,124604,124605,124614],{},[237,124606,124607,124610,124611],{},[15,124608,124609],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124612,124613],{},"0-1",[237,124615,124616,124610,124618],{},[15,124617,124609],{},[15,124619,124620],{},"2-3",[20,124622,124623,124624,121],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124625,124626],{},"1-2",[38,124628,1063,124629],{"id":58522},[15,124630,57439],{},[20,124632,222,124633,124635],{},[15,124634,57439],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124637,124638],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[234,124640,124641,124650,124660,124670],{},[237,124642,222,124643,124645,124646,124649],{},[15,124644,57439],{}," when you need ",[33,124647,124648],{},"how many times"," something appears",[237,124651,222,124652,124645,124656,124659],{},[257,124653,124654],{"href":124516},[15,124655,124501],{},[33,124657,124658],{},"where"," it appears",[237,124661,47956,124662,124666,124667],{},[257,124663,124664,101752],{"href":123761},[15,124665,4238],{}," when you only need to know ",[33,124668,124669],{},"if it exists",[237,124671,222,124672,124678],{},[257,124673,124675],{"href":124674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124676,124677],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[38,124680,26074],{"id":26073},[20,124682,9230,124683,124685],{},[15,124684,57439],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[43,124687,124689],{"className":45,"code":124688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124690,124691,124701,124715,124737,124763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124692,124693,124695,124697,124699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124694,142],{"class":141},[52,124696,145],{"class":66},[52,124698,34845],{"class":124},[52,124700,151],{"class":66},[52,124702,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124704,142],{"class":141},[52,124706,145],{"class":66},[52,124708,3573],{"class":3251},[52,124710,145],{"class":66},[52,124712,34845],{"class":124},[52,124714,2120],{"class":66},[52,124716,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124718,142],{"class":141},[52,124720,145],{"class":66},[52,124722,34845],{"class":124},[52,124724,121],{"class":66},[52,124726,41402],{"class":124},[52,124728,145],{"class":66},[52,124730,71],{"class":70},[52,124732,257],{"class":74},[52,124734,71],{"class":70},[52,124736,2120],{"class":66},[52,124738,124739,124741,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755,124757,124759,124761],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,124740,142],{"class":141},[52,124742,145],{"class":66},[52,124744,34845],{"class":124},[52,124746,121],{"class":66},[52,124748,8995],{"class":124},[52,124750,8992],{"class":66},[52,124752,41402],{"class":124},[52,124754,145],{"class":66},[52,124756,71],{"class":70},[52,124758,257],{"class":74},[52,124760,71],{"class":70},[52,124762,2120],{"class":66},[52,124764,124765,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,124766,142],{"class":141},[52,124768,145],{"class":66},[52,124770,34845],{"class":124},[52,124772,121],{"class":66},[52,124774,41402],{"class":124},[52,124776,145],{"class":66},[52,124778,71],{"class":70},[52,124780,123599],{"class":74},[52,124782,71],{"class":70},[52,124784,2120],{"class":66},[20,124786,124787],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[234,124789,124790,124793,124798,124801],{},[237,124791,124792],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[237,124794,124795,124797],{},[15,124796,34845],{}," not being a string",[237,124799,124800],{},"counting the wrong substring",[237,124802,124803],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124805,59011],{},[234,124807,124808,124811,124814,124817],{},[237,124809,124810],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[237,124812,124813],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[237,124815,124816],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[237,124818,50638,124819,44774,124821,261,124823,73462],{},[15,124820,57439],{},[15,124822,124501],{},[15,124824,4238],{},[38,124826,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,124828,124830,124831,124833],{"id":124829},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124832,57439],{}," change the original string?",[20,124835,124836],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1335,124838,2205,124840,124842],{"id":124839},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124841,57439],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124844,124845],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1335,124847,5495,124849,124851],{"id":124848},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124850,57439],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124853,5501,124854,121],{},[15,124855,2467],{},[1335,124857,5523,124859,124861],{"id":124858},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124860,57439],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124863,124864],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1335,124866,2195,124868,124870],{"id":124867},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124869,57439],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124872,124873],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[38,124875,2240],{"id":2239},[234,124877,124878,124885,124892,124899,124906],{},[237,124879,124880],{},[257,124881,124882],{"href":124516},[15,124883,124884],{},"Python string find() method",[237,124886,124887],{},[257,124888,124889],{"href":124526},[15,124890,124891],{},"Python string index() method",[237,124893,124894],{},[257,124895,124896],{"href":124233},[15,124897,124898],{},"Python string lower() method",[237,124900,124901],{},[257,124902,124903],{"href":123761},[15,124904,124905],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[237,124907,124908],{},[257,124909,124910],{"href":124674},[15,124911,124912],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2278,124914,124915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":124917},[124918,124919,124921,124924,124925,124926,124927,124930,124931,124939,124940,124941,124953],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":123627,"depth":110,"text":124920},"What the count() method does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":124922},[124923],{"id":17521,"depth":131,"text":17522},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":123843,"depth":110,"text":123844},{"id":65557,"depth":110,"text":66340,"children":124928},[124929],{"id":124064,"depth":131,"text":124065},{"id":124152,"depth":110,"text":124153},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":124932},[124933,124935,124936,124938],{"id":124298,"depth":131,"text":124934},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124408,"depth":131,"text":124409},{"id":124496,"depth":131,"text":124937},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124532,"depth":131,"text":124533},{"id":58522,"depth":110,"text":59153},{"id":26073,"depth":110,"text":26074},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":124942},[124943,124945,124947,124949,124951],{"id":124829,"depth":131,"text":124944},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124839,"depth":131,"text":124946},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124848,"depth":131,"text":124948},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124858,"depth":131,"text":124950},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124867,"depth":131,"text":124952},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123500,"description":124954},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124961,"title":124962,"body":124963,"description":126548,"extension":2310,"meta":126549,"navigation":134,"path":126550,"seo":126551,"stem":126552,"__hash__":126553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124964,"toc":126521},[124965,124968,124971,125068,125077,125079,125098,125102,125105,125108,125121,125124,125153,125158,125163,125221,125223,125256,125262,125266,125269,125272,125301,125304,125331,125334,125337,125341,125344,125351,125414,125416,125434,125437,125441,125444,125447,125489,125492,125536,125539,125542,125546,125551,125554,125597,125599,125622,125625,125658,125661,125710,125720,125724,125727,125730,125759,125762,125773,125775,125834,125837,125841,125844,125847,125862,125871,125874,125908,125911,125938,125941,125948,125950,125953,125955,125958,125972,125981,125983,126010,126014,126017,126031,126034,126093,126097,126100,126127,126130,126157,126165,126168,126228,126230,126263,126267,126270,126289,126294,126343,126348,126350,126353,126412,126430,126432,126436,126444,126448,126451,126455,126461,126465,126475,126479,126482,126484,126518],[10,124966,124962],{"id":124967},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124969,124970],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[43,124972,124974],{"className":45,"code":124973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124975,124976,124988,125000,125009,125023,125027,125037,125047,125058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984,124986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124979,8230],{"class":58},[52,124981,63],{"class":62},[52,124983,83],{"class":70},[52,124985,5356],{"class":74},[52,124987,3710],{"class":70},[52,124989,124990,124992,124994,124996,124998],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,124991,90158],{"class":58},[52,124993,63],{"class":62},[52,124995,195],{"class":70},[52,124997,35004],{"class":74},[52,124999,29833],{"class":70},[52,125001,125002,125005,125007],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125003,125004],{"class":58},"empty ",[52,125006,63],{"class":62},[52,125008,8235],{"class":70},[52,125010,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125012,34824],{"class":58},[52,125014,63],{"class":62},[52,125016,49050],{"class":3251},[52,125018,145],{"class":66},[52,125020,50392],{"class":103},[52,125022,151],{"class":66},[52,125024,125025],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,125026,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125028,125029,125031,125033,125035],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,125030,142],{"class":141},[52,125032,145],{"class":66},[52,125034,75],{"class":124},[52,125036,151],{"class":66},[52,125038,125039,125041,125043,125045],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,125040,142],{"class":141},[52,125042,145],{"class":66},[52,125044,90175],{"class":124},[52,125046,151],{"class":66},[52,125048,125049,125051,125053,125056],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,125050,142],{"class":141},[52,125052,145],{"class":66},[52,125054,125055],{"class":124},"empty",[52,125057,151],{"class":66},[52,125059,125060,125062,125064,125066],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,125061,142],{"class":141},[52,125063,145],{"class":66},[52,125065,34845],{"class":124},[52,125067,151],{"class":66},[20,125069,125070,125073,125074,125076],{},[33,125071,125072],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125075,47829],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[38,125078,15288],{"id":15287},[234,125080,125081,125084,125087,125090,125095],{},[237,125082,125083],{},"What a string is in Python",[237,125085,125086],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[237,125088,125089],{},"How to create an empty string",[237,125091,125092,125093],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125094,47829],{},[237,125096,125097],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[38,125099,125101],{"id":125100},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125103,125104],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125106,125107],{},"Strings can contain:",[234,125109,125110,125113,125115,125118],{},[237,125111,125112],{},"Letters",[237,125114,56610],{},[237,125116,125117],{},"Spaces",[237,125119,125120],{},"Symbols",[20,125122,125123],{},"Examples of strings:",[43,125125,125127],{"className":45,"code":125126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125128,125129,125137,125145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125130,125131,125133,125135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125132,71],{"class":43472},[52,125134,4201],{"class":43476},[52,125136,3710],{"class":43472},[52,125138,125139,125141,125143],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125140,71],{"class":43472},[52,125142,50392],{"class":43476},[52,125144,3710],{"class":43472},[52,125146,125147,125149,125151],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125148,71],{"class":43472},[52,125150,89300],{"class":43476},[52,125152,3710],{"class":43472},[20,125154,21107,125155,125157],{},[15,125156,50442],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125159,125160,125161,80],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125162,2650],{},[43,125164,125166],{"className":45,"code":125165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125167,125168,125180,125189,125193,125207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125169,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125171,34824],{"class":58},[52,125173,63],{"class":62},[52,125175,83],{"class":70},[52,125177,50392],{"class":74},[52,125179,3710],{"class":70},[52,125181,125182,125184,125186],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125183,2564],{"class":58},[52,125185,63],{"class":62},[52,125187,125188],{"class":103}," 123\n",[52,125190,125191],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125192,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125194,125195,125197,125199,125201,125203,125205],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125196,142],{"class":141},[52,125198,145],{"class":66},[52,125200,3573],{"class":3251},[52,125202,145],{"class":66},[52,125204,34845],{"class":124},[52,125206,2120],{"class":66},[52,125208,125209,125211,125213,125215,125217,125219],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,125210,142],{"class":141},[52,125212,145],{"class":66},[52,125214,3573],{"class":3251},[52,125216,145],{"class":66},[52,125218,2587],{"class":124},[52,125220,2120],{"class":66},[20,125222,173],{},[43,125224,125226],{"className":45,"code":125225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125227,125228,125242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125229,125230,125232,125234,125236,125238,125240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125231,3642],{"class":62},[52,125233,3645],{"class":2413},[52,125235,195],{"class":70},[52,125237,3795],{"class":74},[52,125239,186],{"class":70},[52,125241,3654],{"class":62},[52,125243,125244,125246,125248,125250,125252,125254],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125245,3642],{"class":62},[52,125247,3645],{"class":2413},[52,125249,195],{"class":70},[52,125251,2535],{"class":74},[52,125253,186],{"class":70},[52,125255,3654],{"class":62},[20,125257,125258,125259,121],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[257,125260,125261],{"href":51122},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[38,125263,125265],{"id":125264},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125267,125268],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125270,125271],{},"You can use single quotes:",[43,125273,125275],{"className":45,"code":125274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125276,125277,125290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125278,125279,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125280,125281],{"class":58},"greeting ",[52,125283,63],{"class":62},[52,125285,195],{"class":70},[52,125287,4201],{"class":74},[52,125289,29833],{"class":70},[52,125291,125292,125294,125296,125299],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125293,142],{"class":141},[52,125295,145],{"class":66},[52,125297,125298],{"class":124},"greeting",[52,125300,151],{"class":66},[20,125302,125303],{},"Or double quotes:",[43,125305,125307],{"className":45,"code":125306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125308,125309,125321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125310,125311,125313,125315,125317,125319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125312,125281],{"class":58},[52,125314,63],{"class":62},[52,125316,83],{"class":70},[52,125318,4201],{"class":74},[52,125320,3710],{"class":70},[52,125322,125323,125325,125327,125329],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125324,142],{"class":141},[52,125326,145],{"class":66},[52,125328,125298],{"class":124},[52,125330,151],{"class":66},[20,125332,125333],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125335,125336],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[38,125338,125340],{"id":125339},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125342,125343],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125345,125346,125347,261,125349,80],{},"Use either ",[15,125348,6626],{},[15,125350,4128],{},[43,125352,125354],{"className":45,"code":125353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125355,125356,125365,125374,125378,125389,125400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125357,125358,125361,125363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125359,125360],{"class":58},"empty1 ",[52,125362,63],{"class":62},[52,125364,8235],{"class":70},[52,125366,125367,125370,125372],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125368,125369],{"class":58},"empty2 ",[52,125371,63],{"class":62},[52,125373,47641],{"class":70},[52,125375,125376],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125377,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125379,125380,125382,125384,125387],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125381,142],{"class":141},[52,125383,145],{"class":66},[52,125385,125386],{"class":124},"empty1",[52,125388,151],{"class":66},[52,125390,125391,125393,125395,125398],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,125392,142],{"class":141},[52,125394,145],{"class":66},[52,125396,125397],{"class":124},"empty2",[52,125399,151],{"class":66},[52,125401,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410,125412],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,125403,142],{"class":141},[52,125405,145],{"class":66},[52,125407,3573],{"class":3251},[52,125409,145],{"class":66},[52,125411,125386],{"class":124},[52,125413,2120],{"class":66},[20,125415,173],{},[43,125417,125418],{"className":45,"code":45915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,125419,125420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125421,125422,125424,125426,125428,125430,125432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125423,3642],{"class":62},[52,125425,3645],{"class":2413},[52,125427,195],{"class":70},[52,125429,3795],{"class":74},[52,125431,186],{"class":70},[52,125433,3654],{"class":62},[20,125435,125436],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[38,125438,125440],{"id":125439},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125442,125443],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125445,125446],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[43,125448,125450],{"className":45,"code":125449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125451,125452,125463,125468,125475,125479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125453,125454,125456,125458,125461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125455,90158],{"class":58},[52,125457,63],{"class":62},[52,125459,125460],{"class":70}," \"\"\"",[52,125462,89100],{"class":74},[52,125464,125465],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125466,125467],{"class":74},"Welcome to Python\n",[52,125469,125470,125473],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125471,125472],{"class":74},"Have a nice day",[52,125474,43480],{"class":70},[52,125476,125477],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125478,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125480,125481,125483,125485,125487],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,125482,142],{"class":141},[52,125484,145],{"class":66},[52,125486,90175],{"class":124},[52,125488,151],{"class":66},[20,125490,125491],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[43,125493,125495],{"className":45,"code":125494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125496,125497,125509,125514,125522,125526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125498,125499,125501,125503,125506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125500,90158],{"class":58},[52,125502,63],{"class":62},[52,125504,125505],{"class":70}," '''",[52,125507,125508],{"class":74},"Line 1\n",[52,125510,125511],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125512,125513],{"class":74},"Line 2\n",[52,125515,125516,125519],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125517,125518],{"class":74},"Line 3",[52,125520,125521],{"class":70},"'''\n",[52,125523,125524],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125525,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125527,125528,125530,125532,125534],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,125529,142],{"class":141},[52,125531,145],{"class":66},[52,125533,90175],{"class":124},[52,125535,151],{"class":66},[20,125537,125538],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125540,125541],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[38,125543,125545],{"id":125544},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125547,2327,125548,125550],{},[15,125549,47829],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125552,125553],{},"Example with a number:",[43,125555,125557],{"className":45,"code":125556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125558,125559,125573,125583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125560,125561,125563,125565,125567,125569,125571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125562,34824],{"class":58},[52,125564,63],{"class":62},[52,125566,49050],{"class":3251},[52,125568,145],{"class":66},[52,125570,46671],{"class":103},[52,125572,151],{"class":66},[52,125574,125575,125577,125579,125581],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125576,142],{"class":141},[52,125578,145],{"class":66},[52,125580,34845],{"class":124},[52,125582,151],{"class":66},[52,125584,125585,125587,125589,125591,125593,125595],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125586,142],{"class":141},[52,125588,145],{"class":66},[52,125590,3573],{"class":3251},[52,125592,145],{"class":66},[52,125594,34845],{"class":124},[52,125596,2120],{"class":66},[20,125598,173],{},[43,125600,125602],{"className":45,"code":125601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125603,125604,125608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125605,125606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125607,46757],{"class":103},[52,125609,125610,125612,125614,125616,125618,125620],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125611,3642],{"class":62},[52,125613,3645],{"class":2413},[52,125615,195],{"class":70},[52,125617,3795],{"class":74},[52,125619,186],{"class":70},[52,125621,3654],{"class":62},[20,125623,125624],{},"You can also convert other values:",[43,125626,125628],{"className":45,"code":125627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125629,125630,125644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125631,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640,125642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125633,142],{"class":141},[52,125635,145],{"class":66},[52,125637,3795],{"class":3251},[52,125639,145],{"class":66},[52,125641,1048],{"class":218},[52,125643,2120],{"class":66},[52,125645,125646,125648,125650,125652,125654,125656],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125647,142],{"class":141},[52,125649,145],{"class":66},[52,125651,3795],{"class":3251},[52,125653,145],{"class":66},[52,125655,40285],{"class":103},[52,125657,2120],{"class":66},[20,125659,125660],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[43,125662,125664],{"className":45,"code":125663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125665,125666,125674,125696,125700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125667,125668,125670,125672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125669,21758],{"class":58},[52,125671,63],{"class":62},[52,125673,45370],{"class":103},[52,125675,125676,125678,125680,125682,125684,125686,125688,125690,125692,125694],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125677,90158],{"class":58},[52,125679,63],{"class":62},[52,125681,83],{"class":70},[52,125683,89576],{"class":74},[52,125685,71],{"class":70},[52,125687,2804],{"class":62},[52,125689,49050],{"class":3251},[52,125691,145],{"class":66},[52,125693,96],{"class":124},[52,125695,151],{"class":66},[52,125697,125698],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125699,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125701,125702,125704,125706,125708],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125703,142],{"class":141},[52,125705,145],{"class":66},[52,125707,90175],{"class":124},[52,125709,151],{"class":66},[20,125711,125712,125713,261,125717,121],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[257,125714,3928,125715,3861],{"href":42318},[15,125716,47829],{},[257,125718,125719],{"href":123431},"how to convert int to string in Python",[38,125721,125723],{"id":125722},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125725,125726],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125728,125729],{},"Both of these are valid:",[43,125731,125733],{"className":45,"code":125732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125734,125735,125747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743,125745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125738,2905],{"class":58},[52,125740,63],{"class":62},[52,125742,195],{"class":70},[52,125744,7650],{"class":74},[52,125746,29833],{"class":70},[52,125748,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125750,2933],{"class":58},[52,125752,63],{"class":62},[52,125754,83],{"class":70},[52,125756,7650],{"class":74},[52,125758,3710],{"class":70},[20,125760,125761],{},"A common rule is:",[234,125763,125764,125767,125770],{},[237,125765,125766],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[237,125768,125769],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[237,125771,125772],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125774,309],{},[43,125776,125778],{"className":45,"code":125777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125779,125780,125794,125808,125812,125823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125781,125782,125785,125787,125789,125792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125783,125784],{"class":58},"text1 ",[52,125786,63],{"class":62},[52,125788,83],{"class":70},[52,125790,125791],{"class":74},"It's working",[52,125793,3710],{"class":70},[52,125795,125796,125799,125801,125803,125806],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125797,125798],{"class":58},"text2 ",[52,125800,63],{"class":62},[52,125802,195],{"class":70},[52,125804,125805],{"class":74},"She said \"hello\"",[52,125807,29833],{"class":70},[52,125809,125810],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125811,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,125813,125814,125816,125818,125821],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125815,142],{"class":141},[52,125817,145],{"class":66},[52,125819,125820],{"class":124},"text1",[52,125822,151],{"class":66},[52,125824,125825,125827,125829,125832],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,125826,142],{"class":141},[52,125828,145],{"class":66},[52,125830,125831],{"class":124},"text2",[52,125833,151],{"class":66},[20,125835,125836],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[38,125838,125840],{"id":125839},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125842,125843],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125845,125846],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[43,125848,125850],{"className":45,"code":125849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125851,125852,125857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125853,125854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125855,125856],{"class":4017},"# This will cause an error\n",[52,125858,125859],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125860,125861],{"class":4017},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125863,125864,125865,35467,125867,125870],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125866,186],{},[15,125868,125869],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125872,125873],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[43,125875,125877],{"className":45,"code":125876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125878,125879,125898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125880,125881,125883,125885,125887,125890,125893,125896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125882,34824],{"class":58},[52,125884,63],{"class":62},[52,125886,195],{"class":70},[52,125888,125889],{"class":74},"It",[52,125891,125892],{"class":34589},"\\'",[52,125894,125895],{"class":74},"s working",[52,125897,29833],{"class":70},[52,125899,125900,125902,125904,125906],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125901,142],{"class":141},[52,125903,145],{"class":66},[52,125905,34845],{"class":124},[52,125907,151],{"class":66},[20,125909,125910],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[43,125912,125914],{"className":45,"code":125913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125915,125916,125928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125917,125918,125920,125922,125924,125926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125919,34824],{"class":58},[52,125921,63],{"class":62},[52,125923,83],{"class":70},[52,125925,125791],{"class":74},[52,125927,3710],{"class":70},[52,125929,125930,125932,125934,125936],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125931,142],{"class":141},[52,125933,145],{"class":66},[52,125935,34845],{"class":124},[52,125937,151],{"class":66},[20,125939,125940],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125942,125943,125944,121],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[257,125945,125947],{"href":125946},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[38,125949,2022],{"id":2021},[20,125951,125952],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1335,125954,90365],{"id":90364},[20,125956,125957],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[43,125959,125961],{"className":45,"code":125960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125962,125963,125967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125964,125965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125966,125856],{"class":4017},[52,125968,125969],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,125970,125971],{"class":4017},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125973,125974,125975,8956,125978,125980],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125976,125977],{},"NameError",[15,125979,5356],{}," is not defined.",[20,125982,11151],{},[43,125984,125986],{"className":45,"code":125985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125987,125988,126000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125989,125990,125992,125994,125996,125998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125991,8230],{"class":58},[52,125993,63],{"class":62},[52,125995,83],{"class":70},[52,125997,5356],{"class":74},[52,125999,3710],{"class":70},[52,126001,126002,126004,126006,126008],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126003,142],{"class":141},[52,126005,145],{"class":66},[52,126007,75],{"class":124},[52,126009,151],{"class":66},[1335,126011,126013],{"id":126012},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126015,126016],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[43,126018,126020],{"className":45,"code":126019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126021,126022,126026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126023,126024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126025,125856],{"class":4017},[52,126027,126028],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126029,126030],{"class":4017},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126032,126033],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[43,126035,126037],{"className":45,"code":126036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126038,126039,126056,126069,126073,126083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126040,126041,126043,126045,126047,126049,126051,126054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126042,125784],{"class":58},[52,126044,63],{"class":62},[52,126046,195],{"class":70},[52,126048,125889],{"class":74},[52,126050,125892],{"class":34589},[52,126052,126053],{"class":74},"s good",[52,126055,29833],{"class":70},[52,126057,126058,126060,126062,126064,126067],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126059,125798],{"class":58},[52,126061,63],{"class":62},[52,126063,83],{"class":70},[52,126065,126066],{"class":74},"It's good",[52,126068,3710],{"class":70},[52,126070,126071],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126072,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,126074,126075,126077,126079,126081],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,126076,142],{"class":141},[52,126078,145],{"class":66},[52,126080,125820],{"class":124},[52,126082,151],{"class":66},[52,126084,126085,126087,126089,126091],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,126086,142],{"class":141},[52,126088,145],{"class":66},[52,126090,125831],{"class":124},[52,126092,151],{"class":66},[1335,126094,126096],{"id":126095},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126098,126099],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[43,126101,126103],{"className":45,"code":126102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126104,126105,126117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126106,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126108,34824],{"class":58},[52,126110,63],{"class":62},[52,126112,125460],{"class":70},[52,126114,4201],{"class":74},[52,126116,43480],{"class":70},[52,126118,126119,126121,126123,126125],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126120,142],{"class":141},[52,126122,145],{"class":66},[52,126124,34845],{"class":124},[52,126126,151],{"class":66},[20,126128,126129],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[43,126131,126133],{"className":45,"code":126132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126134,126135,126147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126136,126137,126139,126141,126143,126145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126138,34824],{"class":58},[52,126140,63],{"class":62},[52,126142,83],{"class":70},[52,126144,4201],{"class":74},[52,126146,3710],{"class":70},[52,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126150,142],{"class":141},[52,126152,145],{"class":66},[52,126154,34845],{"class":124},[52,126156,151],{"class":66},[1335,126158,2040,126160,2218,126162,126164],{"id":126159},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126161,50392],{},[15,126163,50442],{}," are the same type",[20,126166,126167],{},"They are different:",[43,126169,126171],{"className":45,"code":126170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126172,126173,126182,126195,126199,126213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126174,126175,126178,126180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126176,126177],{"class":58},"value1 ",[52,126179,63],{"class":62},[52,126181,125188],{"class":103},[52,126183,126184,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126185,126186],{"class":58},"value2 ",[52,126188,63],{"class":62},[52,126190,83],{"class":70},[52,126192,50392],{"class":74},[52,126194,3710],{"class":70},[52,126196,126197],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126198,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,126200,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,126202,142],{"class":141},[52,126204,145],{"class":66},[52,126206,3573],{"class":3251},[52,126208,145],{"class":66},[52,126210,84921],{"class":124},[52,126212,2120],{"class":66},[52,126214,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223,126226],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,126216,142],{"class":141},[52,126218,145],{"class":66},[52,126220,3573],{"class":3251},[52,126222,145],{"class":66},[52,126224,126225],{"class":124},"value2",[52,126227,2120],{"class":66},[20,126229,173],{},[43,126231,126233],{"className":45,"code":126232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126234,126235,126249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126236,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245,126247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126238,3642],{"class":62},[52,126240,3645],{"class":2413},[52,126242,195],{"class":70},[52,126244,2535],{"class":74},[52,126246,186],{"class":70},[52,126248,3654],{"class":62},[52,126250,126251,126253,126255,126257,126259,126261],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126252,3642],{"class":62},[52,126254,3645],{"class":2413},[52,126256,195],{"class":70},[52,126258,3795],{"class":74},[52,126260,186],{"class":70},[52,126262,3654],{"class":62},[1335,126264,126266],{"id":126265},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126268,126269],{},"This causes a type error:",[43,126271,126273],{"className":45,"code":126272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126274,126275,126279,126284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126276,126277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126278,125856],{"class":4017},[52,126280,126281],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126282,126283],{"class":4017},"# age = 10\n",[52,126285,126286],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126287,126288],{"class":4017},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126290,126291,126292,80],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126293,47829],{},[43,126295,126297],{"className":45,"code":126296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126298,126299,126307,126329,126333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126300,126301,126303,126305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126302,21758],{"class":58},[52,126304,63],{"class":62},[52,126306,1883],{"class":103},[52,126308,126309,126311,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126310,90158],{"class":58},[52,126312,63],{"class":62},[52,126314,83],{"class":70},[52,126316,89576],{"class":74},[52,126318,71],{"class":70},[52,126320,2804],{"class":62},[52,126322,49050],{"class":3251},[52,126324,145],{"class":66},[52,126326,96],{"class":124},[52,126328,151],{"class":66},[52,126330,126331],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126332,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,126334,126335,126337,126339,126341],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,126336,142],{"class":141},[52,126338,145],{"class":66},[52,126340,90175],{"class":124},[52,126342,151],{"class":66},[20,126344,126345,126346,121],{},"For this specific error, see ",[257,126347,90557],{"href":90556},[1335,126349,60860],{"id":60859},[20,126351,126352],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[43,126354,126356],{"className":45,"code":126355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126357,126358,126370,126374,126384,126398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126359,126360,126362,126364,126366,126368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126361,34824],{"class":58},[52,126363,63],{"class":62},[52,126365,83],{"class":70},[52,126367,4201],{"class":74},[52,126369,3710],{"class":70},[52,126371,126372],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126373,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,126375,126376,126378,126380,126382],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126377,142],{"class":141},[52,126379,145],{"class":66},[52,126381,34845],{"class":124},[52,126383,151],{"class":66},[52,126385,126386,126388,126390,126392,126394,126396],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,126387,142],{"class":141},[52,126389,145],{"class":66},[52,126391,3573],{"class":3251},[52,126393,145],{"class":66},[52,126395,34845],{"class":124},[52,126397,2120],{"class":66},[52,126399,126400,126402,126404,126406,126408,126410],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,126401,142],{"class":141},[52,126403,145],{"class":66},[52,126405,41922],{"class":141},[52,126407,145],{"class":66},[52,126409,34845],{"class":124},[52,126411,2120],{"class":66},[234,126413,126414,126419,126424],{},[237,126415,126416,46423],{},[15,126417,126418],{},"print(text)",[237,126420,126421,46428],{},[15,126422,126423],{},"print(type(text))",[237,126425,126426,126429],{},[15,126427,126428],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[38,126431,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,126433,126435],{"id":126434},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126437,126438,126439,261,126442,121],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126440,126441],{},"'hello'",[15,126443,64685],{},[1335,126445,126447],{"id":126446},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126449,126450],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1335,126452,126454],{"id":126453},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126456,222,126457,261,126459,121],{},[15,126458,6626],{},[15,126460,4128],{},[1335,126462,126464],{"id":126463},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126466,222,126467,126469,126470,126472,126473,121],{},[15,126468,47829],{},", like ",[15,126471,80531],{},", which returns ",[15,126474,42269],{},[1335,126476,126478],{"id":126477},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126480,126481],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[38,126483,2240],{"id":2239},[234,126485,126486,126490,126496,126501,126510,126514],{},[237,126487,126488],{},[257,126489,125261],{"href":51122},[237,126491,126492],{},[257,126493,3928,126494,3861],{"href":42318},[15,126495,47829],{},[237,126497,126498],{},[257,126499,126500],{"href":123431},"How to convert int to string in Python",[237,126502,126503],{},[257,126504,126506,126507,2264],{"href":126505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126508,126509],{},"format()",[237,126511,126512],{},[257,126513,125947],{"href":125946},[237,126515,126516],{},[257,126517,90557],{"href":90556},[2278,126519,126520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":126522},[126523,126524,126525,126526,126527,126528,126529,126530,126531,126540,126547],{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":125100,"depth":110,"text":125101},{"id":125264,"depth":110,"text":125265},{"id":125339,"depth":110,"text":125340},{"id":125439,"depth":110,"text":125440},{"id":125544,"depth":110,"text":125545},{"id":125722,"depth":110,"text":125723},{"id":125839,"depth":110,"text":125840},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":126532},[126533,126534,126535,126536,126538,126539],{"id":90364,"depth":131,"text":90365},{"id":126012,"depth":131,"text":126013},{"id":126095,"depth":131,"text":126096},{"id":126159,"depth":131,"text":126537},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126265,"depth":131,"text":126266},{"id":60859,"depth":131,"text":60860},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":126541},[126542,126543,126544,126545,126546],{"id":126434,"depth":131,"text":126435},{"id":126446,"depth":131,"text":126447},{"id":126453,"depth":131,"text":126454},{"id":126463,"depth":131,"text":126464},{"id":126477,"depth":131,"text":126478},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124962,"description":126548},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126555,"title":126556,"body":126557,"description":128471,"extension":2310,"meta":128472,"navigation":134,"path":128473,"seo":128474,"stem":128475,"__hash__":128476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126558,"toc":128432},[126559,126565,126570,126578,126580,126647,126649,126661,126670,126675,126679,126696,126698,126763,126765,126777,126782,126784,126812,126833,126836,126875,126877,126885,126889,126893,126897,126905,126908,126949,126951,126959,126962,127019,127021,127029,127033,127038,127082,127084,127092,127101,127105,127110,127158,127160,127168,127174,127176,127180,127192,127197,127276,127278,127298,127302,127306,127346,127348,127356,127360,127403,127405,127413,127417,127457,127459,127467,127471,127527,127529,127537,127543,127545,127549,127559,127626,127628,127641,127648,127691,127693,127701,127705,127708,127764,127766,127774,127777,127779,127856,127858,127866,127875,127877,127881,127885,127887,127909,127912,127959,127963,128002,128004,128012,128014,128056,128063,128068,128130,128132,128144,128150,128155,128204,128206,128225,128231,128233,128252,128254,128345,128347,128353,128360,128366,128372,128377,128386,128393,128401,128403,128429],[10,126560,123506,126562,18],{"id":126561},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126563,126564],{},"endswith()",[20,126566,123511,126567,126569],{},[15,126568,126564],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126571,126572,126573,261,126575,126577],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126574,1048],{},[15,126576,1039],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[38,126579,41],{"id":40},[43,126581,126583],{"className":45,"code":126582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126584,126585,126599,126624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126586,126587,126590,126592,126594,126597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126588,126589],{"class":58},"filename ",[52,126591,63],{"class":62},[52,126593,83],{"class":70},[52,126595,126596],{"class":74},"report.csv",[52,126598,3710],{"class":70},[52,126600,126601,126603,126605,126608,126610,126613,126615,126617,126620,126622],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126602,142],{"class":141},[52,126604,145],{"class":66},[52,126606,126607],{"class":124},"filename",[52,126609,121],{"class":66},[52,126611,126612],{"class":124},"endswith",[52,126614,145],{"class":66},[52,126616,71],{"class":70},[52,126618,126619],{"class":74},".csv",[52,126621,71],{"class":70},[52,126623,2120],{"class":66},[52,126625,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126643,126645],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126627,142],{"class":141},[52,126629,145],{"class":66},[52,126631,126607],{"class":124},[52,126633,121],{"class":66},[52,126635,126612],{"class":124},[52,126637,145],{"class":66},[52,126639,71],{"class":70},[52,126641,126642],{"class":74},".txt",[52,126644,71],{"class":70},[52,126646,2120],{"class":66},[20,126648,173],{},[43,126650,126651],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126652,126653,126657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126654,126655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126656,1025],{"class":218},[52,126658,126659],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126660,219],{"class":218},[20,126662,222,126663,5723,126665,261,126667,126669],{},[15,126664,126564],{},[15,126666,1048],{},[15,126668,1039],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[38,126671,4031,126673,4034],{"id":126672},"what-endswith-does",[15,126674,126564],{},[20,126676,126677,80],{},[15,126678,126564],{},[234,126680,126681,126684,126690,126693],{},[237,126682,126683],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[237,126685,11763,126686,261,126688],{},[15,126687,1048],{},[15,126689,1039],{},[237,126691,126692],{},"Does not change the original string",[237,126694,126695],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126697,309],{},[43,126699,126701],{"className":45,"code":126700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126702,126703,126715,126719,126741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126704,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126706,34824],{"class":58},[52,126708,63],{"class":62},[52,126710,83],{"class":70},[52,126712,60556],{"class":74},[52,126714,3710],{"class":70},[52,126716,126717],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126718,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,126720,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126722,142],{"class":141},[52,126724,145],{"class":66},[52,126726,34845],{"class":124},[52,126728,121],{"class":66},[52,126730,126612],{"class":124},[52,126732,145],{"class":66},[52,126734,71],{"class":70},[52,126736,60741],{"class":74},[52,126738,71],{"class":70},[52,126740,2120],{"class":66},[52,126742,126743,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,126744,142],{"class":141},[52,126746,145],{"class":66},[52,126748,34845],{"class":124},[52,126750,121],{"class":66},[52,126752,126612],{"class":124},[52,126754,145],{"class":66},[52,126756,71],{"class":70},[52,126758,4201],{"class":74},[52,126760,71],{"class":70},[52,126762,2120],{"class":66},[20,126764,173],{},[43,126766,126767],{"className":45,"code":44318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126768,126769,126773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126770,126771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126772,1025],{"class":218},[52,126774,126775],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126776,219],{"class":218},[20,126778,126779,126780,121],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[257,126781,125261],{"href":51122},[38,126783,269],{"id":268},[43,126785,126787],{"className":45,"code":126786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126788,126789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126790,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126792,61324],{"class":58},[52,126794,121],{"class":66},[52,126796,126612],{"class":124},[52,126798,145],{"class":66},[52,126800,126801],{"class":124},"suffix",[52,126803,91],{"class":66},[52,126805,36190],{"class":124},[52,126807,91],{"class":66},[52,126809,65191],{"class":124},[52,126811,151],{"class":66},[234,126813,126814,126819,126826],{},[237,126815,126816,126818],{},[15,126817,126801],{}," is required",[237,126820,126821,2218,126823,126825],{},[15,126822,36211],{},[15,126824,52808],{}," are optional",[237,126827,126828,2218,126830,126832],{},[15,126829,36211],{},[15,126831,52808],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126834,126835],{},"Basic example:",[43,126837,126839],{"className":45,"code":126838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126840,126841,126853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126842,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126844,126589],{"class":58},[52,126846,63],{"class":62},[52,126848,83],{"class":70},[52,126850,87046],{"class":74},[52,126852,3710],{"class":70},[52,126854,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126856,142],{"class":141},[52,126858,145],{"class":66},[52,126860,126607],{"class":124},[52,126862,121],{"class":66},[52,126864,126612],{"class":124},[52,126866,145],{"class":66},[52,126868,71],{"class":70},[52,126870,126642],{"class":74},[52,126872,71],{"class":70},[52,126874,2120],{"class":66},[20,126876,173],{},[43,126878,126879],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126880,126881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126882,126883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126884,1025],{"class":218},[38,126886,126888],{"id":126887},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1335,126890,126891],{"id":126801},[15,126892,126801],{},[20,126894,126895,30884],{},[15,126896,126801],{},[234,126898,126899,126902],{},[237,126900,126901],{},"A single string",[237,126903,126904],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126906,126907],{},"Single suffix:",[43,126909,126911],{"className":45,"code":126910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126912,126913,126926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126914,126915,126917,126919,126921,126924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126916,8230],{"class":58},[52,126918,63],{"class":62},[52,126920,83],{"class":70},[52,126922,126923],{"class":74},"image.png",[52,126925,3710],{"class":70},[52,126927,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126945,126947],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126929,142],{"class":141},[52,126931,145],{"class":66},[52,126933,75],{"class":124},[52,126935,121],{"class":66},[52,126937,126612],{"class":124},[52,126939,145],{"class":66},[52,126941,71],{"class":70},[52,126943,126944],{"class":74},".png",[52,126946,71],{"class":70},[52,126948,2120],{"class":66},[20,126950,173],{},[43,126952,126953],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126954,126955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126956,126957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126958,1025],{"class":218},[20,126960,126961],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[43,126963,126965],{"className":45,"code":126964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126966,126967,126979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126968,126969,126971,126973,126975,126977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126970,8230],{"class":58},[52,126972,63],{"class":62},[52,126974,83],{"class":70},[52,126976,126923],{"class":74},[52,126978,3710],{"class":70},[52,126980,126981,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127015,127017],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,126982,142],{"class":141},[52,126984,145],{"class":66},[52,126986,75],{"class":124},[52,126988,121],{"class":66},[52,126990,126612],{"class":124},[52,126992,5864],{"class":66},[52,126994,71],{"class":70},[52,126996,126997],{"class":74},".jpg",[52,126999,71],{"class":70},[52,127001,91],{"class":66},[52,127003,83],{"class":70},[52,127005,126944],{"class":74},[52,127007,71],{"class":70},[52,127009,91],{"class":66},[52,127011,83],{"class":70},[52,127013,127014],{"class":74},".gif",[52,127016,71],{"class":70},[52,127018,3262],{"class":66},[20,127020,173],{},[43,127022,127023],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127024,127025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127026,127027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127028,1025],{"class":218},[1335,127030,127031],{"id":36211},[15,127032,36211],{},[20,127034,127035,127037],{},[15,127036,36211],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[43,127039,127041],{"className":45,"code":127040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127042,127043,127056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127044,127045,127047,127049,127051,127054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127046,34824],{"class":58},[52,127048,63],{"class":62},[52,127050,83],{"class":70},[52,127052,127053],{"class":74},"my_report.csv",[52,127055,3710],{"class":70},[52,127057,127058,127060,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127059,142],{"class":141},[52,127061,145],{"class":66},[52,127063,34845],{"class":124},[52,127065,121],{"class":66},[52,127067,126612],{"class":124},[52,127069,145],{"class":66},[52,127071,71],{"class":70},[52,127073,126619],{"class":74},[52,127075,71],{"class":70},[52,127077,91],{"class":66},[52,127079,2801],{"class":103},[52,127081,2120],{"class":66},[20,127083,173],{},[43,127085,127086],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127087,127088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127089,127090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127091,1025],{"class":218},[20,127093,127094,127095,127097,127098,121],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127096,2410],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127099,127100],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1335,127102,127103],{"id":52808},[15,127104,52808],{},[20,127106,127107,127109],{},[15,127108,52808],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[43,127111,127113],{"className":45,"code":127112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127114,127115,127128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127116,127117,127119,127121,127123,127126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127118,34824],{"class":58},[52,127120,63],{"class":62},[52,127122,83],{"class":70},[52,127124,127125],{"class":74},"report.csv backup",[52,127127,3710],{"class":70},[52,127129,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127131,142],{"class":141},[52,127133,145],{"class":66},[52,127135,34845],{"class":124},[52,127137,121],{"class":66},[52,127139,126612],{"class":124},[52,127141,145],{"class":66},[52,127143,71],{"class":70},[52,127145,126619],{"class":74},[52,127147,71],{"class":70},[52,127149,91],{"class":66},[52,127151,4189],{"class":103},[52,127153,91],{"class":66},[52,127155,1972],{"class":103},[52,127157,2120],{"class":66},[20,127159,173],{},[43,127161,127162],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127163,127164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127165,127166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127167,1025],{"class":218},[20,127169,127170,127171,127173],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127172,127100],{}," and ignores the rest.",[38,127175,17546],{"id":17545},[20,127177,127178,25640],{},[15,127179,126564],{},[234,127181,127182,127187],{},[237,127183,127184,127186],{},[15,127185,1048],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[237,127188,127189,127191],{},[15,127190,1039],{}," if it does not",[20,127193,127194,127195,7525],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127196,7350],{},[43,127198,127200],{"className":45,"code":127199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127201,127202,127215,127219,127240,127255,127261],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127203,127204,127206,127208,127210,127213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127205,126589],{"class":58},[52,127207,63],{"class":62},[52,127209,83],{"class":70},[52,127211,127212],{"class":74},"data.csv",[52,127214,3710],{"class":70},[52,127216,127217],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127218,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,127220,127221,127223,127226,127228,127230,127232,127234,127236,127238],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127222,7350],{"class":163},[52,127224,127225],{"class":58}," filename",[52,127227,121],{"class":66},[52,127229,126612],{"class":124},[52,127231,145],{"class":66},[52,127233,71],{"class":70},[52,127235,126619],{"class":74},[52,127237,71],{"class":70},[52,127239,8696],{"class":66},[52,127241,127242,127244,127246,127248,127251,127253],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,127243,8423],{"class":141},[52,127245,145],{"class":66},[52,127247,71],{"class":70},[52,127249,127250],{"class":74},"This is a CSV file.",[52,127252,71],{"class":70},[52,127254,151],{"class":66},[52,127256,127257,127259],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,127258,27566],{"class":163},[52,127260,6748],{"class":66},[52,127262,127263,127265,127267,127269,127272,127274],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,127264,8423],{"class":141},[52,127266,145],{"class":66},[52,127268,71],{"class":70},[52,127270,127271],{"class":74},"This is not a CSV file.",[52,127273,71],{"class":70},[52,127275,151],{"class":66},[20,127277,173],{},[43,127279,127281],{"className":45,"code":127280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127282,127283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127284,127285,127287,127289,127291,127294,127296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127286,50025],{"class":58},[52,127288,164],{"class":62},[52,127290,44689],{"class":58},[52,127292,127293],{"class":34589},"CSV",[52,127295,86787],{"class":86786},[52,127297,122538],{"class":66},[38,127299,127301],{"id":127300},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1335,127303,127305],{"id":127304},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[43,127307,127309],{"className":45,"code":127308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127310,127311,127324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127312,127313,127315,127317,127319,127322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127314,126589],{"class":58},[52,127316,63],{"class":62},[52,127318,83],{"class":70},[52,127320,127321],{"class":74},"sales.csv",[52,127323,3710],{"class":70},[52,127325,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127327,142],{"class":141},[52,127329,145],{"class":66},[52,127331,126607],{"class":124},[52,127333,121],{"class":66},[52,127335,126612],{"class":124},[52,127337,145],{"class":66},[52,127339,71],{"class":70},[52,127341,126619],{"class":74},[52,127343,71],{"class":70},[52,127345,2120],{"class":66},[20,127347,173],{},[43,127349,127350],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127351,127352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127353,127354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127355,1025],{"class":218},[1335,127357,127359],{"id":127358},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[43,127361,127363],{"className":45,"code":127362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127364,127365,127379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127366,127367,127370,127372,127374,127377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127368,127369],{"class":58},"url ",[52,127371,63],{"class":62},[52,127373,83],{"class":70},[52,127375,127376],{"class":74},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[52,127378,3710],{"class":70},[52,127380,127381,127383,127385,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396,127399,127401],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127382,142],{"class":141},[52,127384,145],{"class":66},[52,127386,127387],{"class":124},"url",[52,127389,121],{"class":66},[52,127391,126612],{"class":124},[52,127393,145],{"class":66},[52,127395,71],{"class":70},[52,127397,127398],{"class":74},"\u002F",[52,127400,71],{"class":70},[52,127402,2120],{"class":66},[20,127404,173],{},[43,127406,127407],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127408,127409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127410,127411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127412,1025],{"class":218},[1335,127414,127416],{"id":127415},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[43,127418,127420],{"className":45,"code":127419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127421,127422,127435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127423,127424,127426,127428,127430,127433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127425,90158],{"class":58},[52,127427,63],{"class":62},[52,127429,83],{"class":70},[52,127431,127432],{"class":74},"Hello!",[52,127434,3710],{"class":70},[52,127436,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127438,142],{"class":141},[52,127440,145],{"class":66},[52,127442,90175],{"class":124},[52,127444,121],{"class":66},[52,127446,126612],{"class":124},[52,127448,145],{"class":66},[52,127450,71],{"class":70},[52,127452,89999],{"class":74},[52,127454,71],{"class":70},[52,127456,2120],{"class":66},[20,127458,173],{},[43,127460,127461],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127462,127463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127464,127465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127466,1025],{"class":218},[1335,127468,127470],{"id":127469},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[43,127472,127474],{"className":45,"code":127473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127475,127476,127489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127477,127478,127480,127482,127484,127487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127479,126589],{"class":58},[52,127481,63],{"class":62},[52,127483,83],{"class":70},[52,127485,127486],{"class":74},"photo.jpg",[52,127488,3710],{"class":70},[52,127490,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127492,142],{"class":141},[52,127494,145],{"class":66},[52,127496,126607],{"class":124},[52,127498,121],{"class":66},[52,127500,126612],{"class":124},[52,127502,5864],{"class":66},[52,127504,71],{"class":70},[52,127506,126997],{"class":74},[52,127508,71],{"class":70},[52,127510,91],{"class":66},[52,127512,83],{"class":70},[52,127514,126944],{"class":74},[52,127516,71],{"class":70},[52,127518,91],{"class":66},[52,127520,83],{"class":70},[52,127522,127014],{"class":74},[52,127524,71],{"class":70},[52,127526,3262],{"class":66},[20,127528,173],{},[43,127530,127531],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127532,127533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127534,127535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127536,1025],{"class":218},[20,127538,127539,127540,121],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[257,127541,127542],{"href":123761},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[38,127544,124153],{"id":124152},[20,127546,127547,123964],{},[15,127548,126564],{},[20,127550,127551,127552,2218,127555,127558],{},"That means ",[15,127553,127554],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127556,127557],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[43,127560,127562],{"className":45,"code":127561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127563,127564,127577,127581,127603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127565,127566,127568,127570,127572,127575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127567,126589],{"class":58},[52,127569,63],{"class":62},[52,127571,83],{"class":70},[52,127573,127574],{"class":74},"REPORT.CSV",[52,127576,3710],{"class":70},[52,127578,127579],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127580,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,127582,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127584,142],{"class":141},[52,127586,145],{"class":66},[52,127588,126607],{"class":124},[52,127590,121],{"class":66},[52,127592,126612],{"class":124},[52,127594,145],{"class":66},[52,127596,71],{"class":70},[52,127598,126619],{"class":74},[52,127600,71],{"class":70},[52,127602,2120],{"class":66},[52,127604,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617,127619,127622,127624],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,127606,142],{"class":141},[52,127608,145],{"class":66},[52,127610,126607],{"class":124},[52,127612,121],{"class":66},[52,127614,126612],{"class":124},[52,127616,145],{"class":66},[52,127618,71],{"class":70},[52,127620,127621],{"class":74},".CSV",[52,127623,71],{"class":70},[52,127625,2120],{"class":66},[20,127627,173],{},[43,127629,127631],{"className":45,"code":127630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127632,127633,127637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127634,127635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127636,219],{"class":218},[52,127638,127639],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127640,1025],{"class":218},[20,127642,127643,127644,121],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[257,127645,127646],{"href":124233},[15,127647,124236],{},[43,127649,127651],{"className":45,"code":127650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127652,127653,127665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127654,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127656,126589],{"class":58},[52,127658,63],{"class":62},[52,127660,83],{"class":70},[52,127662,127574],{"class":74},[52,127664,3710],{"class":70},[52,127666,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127668,142],{"class":141},[52,127670,145],{"class":66},[52,127672,126607],{"class":124},[52,127674,121],{"class":66},[52,127676,8995],{"class":124},[52,127678,8992],{"class":66},[52,127680,126612],{"class":124},[52,127682,145],{"class":66},[52,127684,71],{"class":70},[52,127686,126619],{"class":74},[52,127688,71],{"class":70},[52,127690,2120],{"class":66},[20,127692,173],{},[43,127694,127695],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127696,127697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127698,127699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127700,1025],{"class":218},[38,127702,127704],{"id":127703},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127706,127707],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[43,127709,127711],{"className":45,"code":127710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127712,127713,127726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127714,127715,127717,127719,127721,127724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127716,126589],{"class":58},[52,127718,63],{"class":62},[52,127720,83],{"class":70},[52,127722,127723],{"class":74},"picture.gif",[52,127725,3710],{"class":70},[52,127727,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127729,142],{"class":141},[52,127731,145],{"class":66},[52,127733,126607],{"class":124},[52,127735,121],{"class":66},[52,127737,126612],{"class":124},[52,127739,5864],{"class":66},[52,127741,71],{"class":70},[52,127743,126997],{"class":74},[52,127745,71],{"class":70},[52,127747,91],{"class":66},[52,127749,83],{"class":70},[52,127751,126944],{"class":74},[52,127753,71],{"class":70},[52,127755,91],{"class":66},[52,127757,83],{"class":70},[52,127759,127014],{"class":74},[52,127761,71],{"class":70},[52,127763,3262],{"class":66},[20,127765,173],{},[43,127767,127768],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127769,127770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127771,127772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127773,1025],{"class":218},[20,127775,127776],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127778,52227],{},[43,127780,127782],{"className":45,"code":127781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127783,127784,127797,127832,127836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127785,127786,127789,127791,127793,127795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127787,127788],{"class":58},"document ",[52,127790,63],{"class":62},[52,127792,83],{"class":70},[52,127794,87046],{"class":74},[52,127796,3710],{"class":70},[52,127798,127799,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127819,127821,127823,127825,127828,127830],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127800,127801],{"class":58},"allowed ",[52,127803,63],{"class":62},[52,127805,9588],{"class":66},[52,127807,71],{"class":70},[52,127809,126642],{"class":74},[52,127811,71],{"class":70},[52,127813,91],{"class":66},[52,127815,83],{"class":70},[52,127817,127818],{"class":74},".md",[52,127820,71],{"class":70},[52,127822,91],{"class":66},[52,127824,83],{"class":70},[52,127826,127827],{"class":74},".docx",[52,127829,71],{"class":70},[52,127831,151],{"class":66},[52,127833,127834],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127835,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,127837,127838,127840,127842,127845,127847,127849,127851,127854],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,127839,142],{"class":141},[52,127841,145],{"class":66},[52,127843,127844],{"class":124},"document",[52,127846,121],{"class":66},[52,127848,126612],{"class":124},[52,127850,145],{"class":66},[52,127852,127853],{"class":124},"allowed",[52,127855,2120],{"class":66},[20,127857,173],{},[43,127859,127860],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127861,127862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127863,127864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127865,1025],{"class":218},[20,127867,127868,127869,121],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[257,127870,126506,127872,2264],{"href":127871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127873,127874],{},"startswith()",[38,127876,2022],{"id":2021},[20,127878,8801,127879,121],{},[15,127880,126564],{},[1335,127882,127884],{"id":127883},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127886,4880],{},[43,127888,127890],{"className":45,"code":127889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127891,127892,127904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127893,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127895,126589],{"class":58},[52,127897,63],{"class":62},[52,127899,83],{"class":70},[52,127901,127486],{"class":74},[52,127903,3710],{"class":70},[52,127905,127906],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127907,127908],{"class":4017},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127910,127911],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[43,127913,127915],{"className":45,"code":127914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127916,127917,127929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127918,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127920,126589],{"class":58},[52,127922,63],{"class":62},[52,127924,83],{"class":70},[52,127926,127486],{"class":74},[52,127928,3710],{"class":70},[52,127930,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127932,142],{"class":141},[52,127934,145],{"class":66},[52,127936,126607],{"class":124},[52,127938,121],{"class":66},[52,127940,126612],{"class":124},[52,127942,5864],{"class":66},[52,127944,71],{"class":70},[52,127946,126997],{"class":74},[52,127948,71],{"class":70},[52,127950,91],{"class":66},[52,127952,83],{"class":70},[52,127954,126944],{"class":74},[52,127956,71],{"class":70},[52,127958,3262],{"class":66},[1335,127960,127962],{"id":127961},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[43,127964,127966],{"className":45,"code":127965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127967,127968,127980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127971,126589],{"class":58},[52,127973,63],{"class":62},[52,127975,83],{"class":70},[52,127977,127574],{"class":74},[52,127979,3710],{"class":70},[52,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,127983,142],{"class":141},[52,127985,145],{"class":66},[52,127987,126607],{"class":124},[52,127989,121],{"class":66},[52,127991,126612],{"class":124},[52,127993,145],{"class":66},[52,127995,71],{"class":70},[52,127997,126619],{"class":74},[52,127999,71],{"class":70},[52,128001,2120],{"class":66},[20,128003,173],{},[43,128005,128006],{"className":45,"code":219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,128007,128008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128009,128010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128011,219],{"class":218},[20,128013,39403],{},[43,128015,128016],{"className":45,"code":127650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,128017,128018,128030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128019,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128021,126589],{"class":58},[52,128023,63],{"class":62},[52,128025,83],{"class":70},[52,128027,127574],{"class":74},[52,128029,3710],{"class":70},[52,128031,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128033,142],{"class":141},[52,128035,145],{"class":66},[52,128037,126607],{"class":124},[52,128039,121],{"class":66},[52,128041,8995],{"class":124},[52,128043,8992],{"class":66},[52,128045,126612],{"class":124},[52,128047,145],{"class":66},[52,128049,71],{"class":70},[52,128051,126619],{"class":74},[52,128053,71],{"class":70},[52,128055,2120],{"class":66},[1335,128057,37344,128059,9059,128061],{"id":128058},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128060,126564],{},[15,128062,4238],{},[20,128064,128065,128067],{},[15,128066,126564],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[43,128069,128071],{"className":45,"code":128070,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128072,128073,128086,128090,128112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128074,128075,128077,128079,128081,128084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128076,34824],{"class":58},[52,128078,63],{"class":62},[52,128080,83],{"class":70},[52,128082,128083],{"class":74},"my_report.csv.backup",[52,128085,3710],{"class":70},[52,128087,128088],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128089,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,128091,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128093,142],{"class":141},[52,128095,145],{"class":66},[52,128097,34845],{"class":124},[52,128099,121],{"class":66},[52,128101,126612],{"class":124},[52,128103,145],{"class":66},[52,128105,71],{"class":70},[52,128107,126619],{"class":74},[52,128109,71],{"class":70},[52,128111,2120],{"class":66},[52,128113,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128115,142],{"class":141},[52,128117,145],{"class":66},[52,128119,71],{"class":70},[52,128121,126619],{"class":74},[52,128123,71],{"class":70},[52,128125,21303],{"class":163},[52,128127,42985],{"class":124},[52,128129,151],{"class":66},[20,128131,173],{},[43,128133,128134],{"className":45,"code":127630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,128135,128136,128140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128137,128138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128139,219],{"class":218},[52,128141,128142],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128143,1025],{"class":218},[1335,128145,8807,128147,128149],{"id":128146},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128148,126564],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128151,128152,128154],{},[15,128153,126564],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[43,128156,128158],{"className":45,"code":128157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128159,128160,128172,128194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128161,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128163,126589],{"class":58},[52,128165,63],{"class":62},[52,128167,83],{"class":70},[52,128169,126596],{"class":74},[52,128171,3710],{"class":70},[52,128173,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128175,142],{"class":141},[52,128177,145],{"class":66},[52,128179,126607],{"class":124},[52,128181,121],{"class":66},[52,128183,126612],{"class":124},[52,128185,145],{"class":66},[52,128187,71],{"class":70},[52,128189,126619],{"class":74},[52,128191,71],{"class":70},[52,128193,2120],{"class":66},[52,128195,128196,128198,128200,128202],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128197,142],{"class":141},[52,128199,145],{"class":66},[52,128201,126607],{"class":124},[52,128203,151],{"class":66},[20,128205,173],{},[43,128207,128209],{"className":45,"code":128208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128210,128211,128215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128212,128213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128214,1025],{"class":218},[52,128216,128217,128220,128222],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128218,128219],{"class":58},"report",[52,128221,121],{"class":66},[52,128223,128224],{"class":24881},"csv\n",[20,128226,128227,128228,121],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[257,128229,128230],{"href":124674},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128232,66214],{},[234,128234,128235,128238,128241,128244],{},[237,128236,128237],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[237,128239,128240],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[237,128242,128243],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[237,128245,1326,128246,44774,128248,261,128250,111703],{},[15,128247,126564],{},[15,128249,124677],{},[15,128251,41796],{},[20,128253,30269],{},[43,128255,128257],{"className":45,"code":128256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128258,128259,128269,128283,128305,128331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128260,128261,128263,128265,128267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128262,142],{"class":141},[52,128264,145],{"class":66},[52,128266,34845],{"class":124},[52,128268,151],{"class":66},[52,128270,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128272,142],{"class":141},[52,128274,145],{"class":66},[52,128276,41922],{"class":141},[52,128278,145],{"class":66},[52,128280,34845],{"class":124},[52,128282,2120],{"class":66},[52,128284,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301,128303],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128286,142],{"class":141},[52,128288,145],{"class":66},[52,128290,34845],{"class":124},[52,128292,121],{"class":66},[52,128294,126612],{"class":124},[52,128296,145],{"class":66},[52,128298,186],{"class":70},[52,128300,126619],{"class":74},[52,128302,186],{"class":70},[52,128304,2120],{"class":66},[52,128306,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128308,142],{"class":141},[52,128310,145],{"class":66},[52,128312,34845],{"class":124},[52,128314,121],{"class":66},[52,128316,8995],{"class":124},[52,128318,8992],{"class":66},[52,128320,126612],{"class":124},[52,128322,145],{"class":66},[52,128324,186],{"class":70},[52,128326,126619],{"class":74},[52,128328,186],{"class":70},[52,128330,2120],{"class":66},[52,128332,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,128334,142],{"class":141},[52,128336,145],{"class":66},[52,128338,3573],{"class":3251},[52,128340,145],{"class":66},[52,128342,34845],{"class":124},[52,128344,2120],{"class":66},[38,128346,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,128348,2195,128350,128352],{"id":128349},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128351,126564],{}," change the string?",[20,128354,128355,128356,261,128358,121],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128357,1048],{},[15,128359,1039],{},[1335,128361,5523,128363,128365],{"id":128362},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128364,126564],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128367,128368,128369,121],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128370,128371],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1335,128373,2205,128375,124842],{"id":128374},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128376,126564],{},[20,128378,128379,128380,261,128382,128385],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128381,124236],{},[15,128383,128384],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1335,128387,2215,128389,2218,128391,2221],{"id":128388},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128390,126564],{},[15,128392,124501],{},[20,128394,128395,128397,128398,128400],{},[15,128396,126564],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128399,124501],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[38,128402,2240],{"id":2239},[234,128404,128405,128411,128417,128421,128425],{},[237,128406,128407],{},[257,128408,126506,128409,2264],{"href":127871},[15,128410,127874],{},[237,128412,128413],{},[257,128414,126506,128415,2264],{"href":124233},[15,128416,124236],{},[237,128418,128419],{},[257,128420,124905],{"href":123761},[237,128422,128423],{},[257,128424,124912],{"href":124674},[237,128426,128427],{},[257,128428,125261],{"href":51122},[2278,128430,128431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":128433},[128434,128435,128437,128438,128443,128444,128450,128451,128452,128460,128470],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":126672,"depth":110,"text":128436},"What endswith() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":126887,"depth":110,"text":126888,"children":128439},[128440,128441,128442],{"id":126801,"depth":131,"text":126801},{"id":36211,"depth":131,"text":36211},{"id":52808,"depth":131,"text":52808},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":127300,"depth":110,"text":127301,"children":128445},[128446,128447,128448,128449],{"id":127304,"depth":131,"text":127305},{"id":127358,"depth":131,"text":127359},{"id":127415,"depth":131,"text":127416},{"id":127469,"depth":131,"text":127470},{"id":124152,"depth":110,"text":124153},{"id":127703,"depth":110,"text":127704},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":128453},[128454,128455,128456,128458],{"id":127883,"depth":131,"text":127884},{"id":127961,"depth":131,"text":127962},{"id":128058,"depth":131,"text":128457},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128146,"depth":131,"text":128459},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":128461},[128462,128464,128466,128468],{"id":128349,"depth":131,"text":128463},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128362,"depth":131,"text":128465},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128374,"depth":131,"text":128467},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128388,"depth":131,"text":128469},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126556,"description":128471},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128478,"title":128479,"body":128480,"description":130148,"extension":2310,"meta":130149,"navigation":134,"path":130150,"seo":130151,"stem":130152,"__hash__":130153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128481,"toc":130121},[128482,128487,128492,128497,128502,128595,128605,128610,128615,128630,128632,128714,128722,128724,128726,128753,128755,128771,128778,128780,128888,128890,128895,128911,128913,129008,129016,129019,129025,129030,129035,129042,129181,129184,129197,129199,129203,129210,129280,129283,129332,129339,129346,129360,129365,129370,129416,129462,129478,129480,129485,129499,129502,129624,129629,129631,129636,129669,129672,129748,129750,129759,129773,129776,129860,129863,129974,129977,130005,130007,130014,130018,130024,130027,130033,130036,130043,130054,130060,130067,130069,130118],[10,128483,123506,128485,18],{"id":128484},"python-string-find-method",[15,128486,124501],{},[20,128488,123511,128489,128491],{},[15,128490,124501],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128493,128494,128495,121],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128496,66005],{},[20,128498,222,128499,128501],{},[15,128500,124501],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[43,128503,128505],{"className":45,"code":128504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128506,128507,128519,128542,128555,128559,128582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128508,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128510,34824],{"class":58},[52,128512,63],{"class":62},[52,128514,83],{"class":70},[52,128516,60556],{"class":74},[52,128518,3710],{"class":70},[52,128520,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128522,65070],{"class":58},[52,128524,63],{"class":62},[52,128526,42985],{"class":58},[52,128528,121],{"class":66},[52,128530,128531],{"class":124},"find",[52,128533,145],{"class":66},[52,128535,71],{"class":70},[52,128537,60741],{"class":74},[52,128539,71],{"class":70},[52,128541,151],{"class":66},[52,128543,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128545,142],{"class":141},[52,128547,145],{"class":66},[52,128549,65097],{"class":124},[52,128551,4014],{"class":66},[52,128553,128554],{"class":4017},"   # 6\n",[52,128556,128557],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128558,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,128560,128561,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,128562,128563],{"class":58},"missing ",[52,128565,63],{"class":62},[52,128567,42985],{"class":58},[52,128569,121],{"class":66},[52,128571,128531],{"class":124},[52,128573,145],{"class":66},[52,128575,71],{"class":70},[52,128577,47],{"class":74},[52,128579,71],{"class":70},[52,128581,151],{"class":66},[52,128583,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,128585,142],{"class":141},[52,128587,145],{"class":66},[52,128589,26905],{"class":124},[52,128591,4014],{"class":66},[52,128593,128594],{"class":4017},"    # -1\n",[43724,128596,128597],{},[20,128598,222,128599,128601,128602,128604],{},[15,128600,124501],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128603,66005],{}," if the substring is not found.",[38,128606,4031,128608,4034],{"id":128607},"what-find-does",[15,128609,124501],{},[20,128611,128612,128614],{},[15,128613,124501],{}," is a string method that:",[234,128616,128617,128620,128623,128628],{},[237,128618,128619],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[237,128621,128622],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[237,128624,11763,128625,128627],{},[15,128626,66005],{}," if no match is found",[237,128629,126692],{},[20,128631,309],{},[43,128633,128635],{"className":45,"code":128634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128636,128637,128649,128653,128677,128701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128638,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128640,34824],{"class":58},[52,128642,63],{"class":62},[52,128644,83],{"class":70},[52,128646,4441],{"class":74},[52,128648,3710],{"class":70},[52,128650,128651],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128652,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,128654,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128656,142],{"class":141},[52,128658,145],{"class":66},[52,128660,34845],{"class":124},[52,128662,121],{"class":66},[52,128664,128531],{"class":124},[52,128666,145],{"class":66},[52,128668,71],{"class":70},[52,128670,123599],{"class":74},[52,128672,71],{"class":70},[52,128674,5715],{"class":66},[52,128676,57794],{"class":4017},[52,128678,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128680,142],{"class":141},[52,128682,145],{"class":66},[52,128684,34845],{"class":124},[52,128686,121],{"class":66},[52,128688,128531],{"class":124},[52,128690,145],{"class":66},[52,128692,71],{"class":70},[52,128694,1357],{"class":74},[52,128696,71],{"class":70},[52,128698,5715],{"class":66},[52,128700,128594],{"class":4017},[52,128702,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,128704,142],{"class":141},[52,128706,145],{"class":66},[52,128708,34845],{"class":124},[52,128710,4014],{"class":66},[52,128712,128713],{"class":4017},"              # banana\n",[20,128715,20900,128716,128719,128720,121],{},[15,128717,128718],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128721,2404],{},[38,128723,269],{"id":268},[20,128725,2507],{},[43,128727,128729],{"className":45,"code":128728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128730,128731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128732,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128734,61324],{"class":58},[52,128736,121],{"class":66},[52,128738,128531],{"class":124},[52,128740,145],{"class":66},[52,128742,2823],{"class":124},[52,128744,91],{"class":66},[52,128746,36190],{"class":124},[52,128748,91],{"class":66},[52,128750,65191],{"class":124},[52,128752,151],{"class":66},[1335,128754,17522],{"id":17521},[234,128756,128757,128761,128766],{},[237,128758,128759,123698],{},[15,128760,2823],{},[237,128762,128763,128765],{},[15,128764,36211],{},": optional starting position",[237,128767,128768,128770],{},[15,128769,52808],{},": optional ending position",[20,128772,128773,2218,128775,128777],{},[15,128774,36211],{},[15,128776,52808],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128779,126835],{},[43,128781,128783],{"className":45,"code":128782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128784,128785,128797,128801,128826,128855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128786,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128788,34824],{"class":58},[52,128790,63],{"class":62},[52,128792,83],{"class":70},[52,128794,60556],{"class":74},[52,128796,3710],{"class":70},[52,128798,128799],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128800,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,128802,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128804,142],{"class":141},[52,128806,145],{"class":66},[52,128808,34845],{"class":124},[52,128810,121],{"class":66},[52,128812,128531],{"class":124},[52,128814,145],{"class":66},[52,128816,71],{"class":70},[52,128818,60623],{"class":74},[52,128820,71],{"class":70},[52,128822,5715],{"class":66},[52,128824,128825],{"class":4017},"        # 4\n",[52,128827,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128829,142],{"class":141},[52,128831,145],{"class":66},[52,128833,34845],{"class":124},[52,128835,121],{"class":66},[52,128837,128531],{"class":124},[52,128839,145],{"class":66},[52,128841,71],{"class":70},[52,128843,60623],{"class":74},[52,128845,71],{"class":70},[52,128847,91],{"class":66},[52,128849,4959],{"class":103},[52,128851,5715],{"class":66},[52,128853,128854],{"class":4017},"     # 7\n",[52,128856,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,128858,142],{"class":141},[52,128860,145],{"class":66},[52,128862,34845],{"class":124},[52,128864,121],{"class":66},[52,128866,128531],{"class":124},[52,128868,145],{"class":66},[52,128870,71],{"class":70},[52,128872,60623],{"class":74},[52,128874,71],{"class":70},[52,128876,91],{"class":66},[52,128878,4959],{"class":103},[52,128880,91],{"class":66},[52,128882,6348],{"class":103},[52,128884,5715],{"class":66},[52,128886,128887],{"class":4017},"  # -1\n",[38,128889,38161],{"id":38160},[20,128891,57693,128892,128894],{},[15,128893,124501],{}," is always an integer.",[234,128896,128897,128903,128906],{},[237,128898,128899,128900,128902],{},"A number ",[15,128901,2467],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[237,128904,128905],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[237,128907,128908,128910],{},[15,128909,66005],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128912,309],{},[43,128914,128916],{"className":45,"code":128915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128917,128918,128930,128934,128959,128984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128919,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128921,34824],{"class":58},[52,128923,63],{"class":62},[52,128925,83],{"class":70},[52,128927,47],{"class":74},[52,128929,3710],{"class":70},[52,128931,128932],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,128933,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,128935,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128953,128955,128957],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128937,142],{"class":141},[52,128939,145],{"class":66},[52,128941,34845],{"class":124},[52,128943,121],{"class":66},[52,128945,128531],{"class":124},[52,128947,145],{"class":66},[52,128949,71],{"class":70},[52,128951,128952],{"class":74},"py",[52,128954,71],{"class":70},[52,128956,5715],{"class":66},[52,128958,20897],{"class":4017},[52,128960,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128978,128980,128982],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128962,142],{"class":141},[52,128964,145],{"class":66},[52,128966,34845],{"class":124},[52,128968,121],{"class":66},[52,128970,128531],{"class":124},[52,128972,145],{"class":66},[52,128974,71],{"class":70},[52,128976,128977],{"class":74},"th",[52,128979,71],{"class":70},[52,128981,5715],{"class":66},[52,128983,57794],{"class":4017},[52,128985,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,128987,142],{"class":141},[52,128989,145],{"class":66},[52,128991,34845],{"class":124},[52,128993,121],{"class":66},[52,128995,128531],{"class":124},[52,128997,145],{"class":66},[52,128999,71],{"class":70},[52,129001,22207],{"class":74},[52,129003,71],{"class":70},[52,129005,5715],{"class":66},[52,129007,128594],{"class":4017},[20,129009,90061,129010,8810,129012,261,129014,121],{},[15,129011,124501],{},[15,129013,1048],{},[15,129015,1039],{},[20,129017,129018],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[38,129020,1326,129021,2218,129023],{"id":65557},[15,129022,36211],{},[15,129024,52808],{},[20,129026,222,129027,129029],{},[15,129028,36211],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129031,222,129032,129034],{},[15,129033,52808],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129036,2327,129037,75613,129039,129041],{},[15,129038,52808],{},[33,129040,65220],{}," in the search.",[43,129043,129045],{"className":45,"code":129044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129046,129047,129060,129064,129088,129117,129149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129048,129049,129051,129053,129055,129058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129050,34824],{"class":58},[52,129052,63],{"class":62},[52,129054,83],{"class":70},[52,129056,129057],{"class":74},"one two three two",[52,129059,3710],{"class":70},[52,129061,129062],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129063,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129065,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129067,142],{"class":141},[52,129069,145],{"class":66},[52,129071,34845],{"class":124},[52,129073,121],{"class":66},[52,129075,128531],{"class":124},[52,129077,145],{"class":66},[52,129079,71],{"class":70},[52,129081,79422],{"class":74},[52,129083,71],{"class":70},[52,129085,5715],{"class":66},[52,129087,128825],{"class":4017},[52,129089,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129091,142],{"class":141},[52,129093,145],{"class":66},[52,129095,34845],{"class":124},[52,129097,121],{"class":66},[52,129099,128531],{"class":124},[52,129101,145],{"class":66},[52,129103,71],{"class":70},[52,129105,79422],{"class":74},[52,129107,71],{"class":70},[52,129109,91],{"class":66},[52,129111,4959],{"class":103},[52,129113,5715],{"class":66},[52,129115,129116],{"class":4017},"     # 14\n",[52,129118,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,129120,142],{"class":141},[52,129122,145],{"class":66},[52,129124,34845],{"class":124},[52,129126,121],{"class":66},[52,129128,128531],{"class":124},[52,129130,145],{"class":66},[52,129132,71],{"class":70},[52,129134,79422],{"class":74},[52,129136,71],{"class":70},[52,129138,91],{"class":66},[52,129140,4189],{"class":103},[52,129142,91],{"class":66},[52,129144,6348],{"class":103},[52,129146,5715],{"class":66},[52,129148,51082],{"class":4017},[52,129150,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,129152,142],{"class":141},[52,129154,145],{"class":66},[52,129156,34845],{"class":124},[52,129158,121],{"class":66},[52,129160,128531],{"class":124},[52,129162,145],{"class":66},[52,129164,71],{"class":70},[52,129166,79422],{"class":74},[52,129168,71],{"class":70},[52,129170,91],{"class":66},[52,129172,4189],{"class":103},[52,129174,91],{"class":66},[52,129176,2807],{"class":103},[52,129178,5715],{"class":66},[52,129180,128887],{"class":4017},[20,129182,129183],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129185,129186,129187,55217,129191,121],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[257,129188,129190],{"href":129189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[257,129192,129194,129196],{"href":129193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129195,60681],{}," string method",[38,129198,124153],{"id":124152},[20,129200,129201,123964],{},[15,129202,124501],{},[20,129204,127551,129205,2218,129207,129209],{},[15,129206,90569],{},[15,129208,64685],{}," are treated as different text.",[43,129211,129213],{"className":45,"code":129212,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129214,129215,129228,129232,129256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129216,129217,129219,129221,129223,129226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129218,34824],{"class":58},[52,129220,63],{"class":62},[52,129222,83],{"class":70},[52,129224,129225],{"class":74},"Hello World",[52,129227,3710],{"class":70},[52,129229,129230],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129231,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129233,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129235,142],{"class":141},[52,129237,145],{"class":66},[52,129239,34845],{"class":124},[52,129241,121],{"class":66},[52,129243,128531],{"class":124},[52,129245,145],{"class":66},[52,129247,71],{"class":70},[52,129249,35004],{"class":74},[52,129251,71],{"class":70},[52,129253,5715],{"class":66},[52,129255,51394],{"class":4017},[52,129257,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129259,142],{"class":141},[52,129261,145],{"class":66},[52,129263,34845],{"class":124},[52,129265,121],{"class":66},[52,129267,128531],{"class":124},[52,129269,145],{"class":66},[52,129271,71],{"class":70},[52,129273,4201],{"class":74},[52,129275,71],{"class":70},[52,129277,5715],{"class":66},[52,129279,128887],{"class":4017},[20,129281,129282],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[43,129284,129286],{"className":45,"code":129285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129287,129288,129300,129304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129289,129290,129292,129294,129296,129298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129291,34824],{"class":58},[52,129293,63],{"class":62},[52,129295,83],{"class":70},[52,129297,129225],{"class":74},[52,129299,3710],{"class":70},[52,129301,129302],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129303,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129305,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129307,142],{"class":141},[52,129309,145],{"class":66},[52,129311,34845],{"class":124},[52,129313,121],{"class":66},[52,129315,8995],{"class":124},[52,129317,8992],{"class":66},[52,129319,128531],{"class":124},[52,129321,145],{"class":66},[52,129323,71],{"class":70},[52,129325,4201],{"class":74},[52,129327,71],{"class":70},[52,129329,5715],{"class":66},[52,129331,51394],{"class":4017},[38,129333,129335,10931,129337],{"id":129334},"find-vs-index",[15,129336,124501],{},[15,129338,59117],{},[20,129340,129341,2218,129343,129345],{},[15,129342,124501],{},[15,129344,59117],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[234,129347,129348,129354],{},[237,129349,129350,2746,129352],{},[15,129351,124501],{},[15,129353,66005],{},[237,129355,129356,52642,129358],{},[15,129357,59117],{},[15,129359,40846],{},[20,129361,222,129362,129364],{},[15,129363,124501],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129366,222,129367,129369],{},[15,129368,59117],{}," when the value must exist.",[43,129371,129373],{"className":45,"code":129372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129374,129375,129387,129391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129376,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129378,34824],{"class":58},[52,129380,63],{"class":62},[52,129382,83],{"class":70},[52,129384,4201],{"class":74},[52,129386,3710],{"class":70},[52,129388,129389],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129390,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129392,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129394,142],{"class":141},[52,129396,145],{"class":66},[52,129398,34845],{"class":124},[52,129400,121],{"class":66},[52,129402,128531],{"class":124},[52,129404,145],{"class":66},[52,129406,71],{"class":70},[52,129408,1357],{"class":74},[52,129410,71],{"class":70},[52,129412,5715],{"class":66},[52,129414,129415],{"class":4017},"   # -1\n",[43,129417,129419],{"className":45,"code":129418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129420,129421,129433,129437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129422,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129424,34824],{"class":58},[52,129426,63],{"class":62},[52,129428,83],{"class":70},[52,129430,4201],{"class":74},[52,129432,3710],{"class":70},[52,129434,129435],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129436,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129438,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129440,142],{"class":141},[52,129442,145],{"class":66},[52,129444,34845],{"class":124},[52,129446,121],{"class":66},[52,129448,35984],{"class":124},[52,129450,145],{"class":66},[52,129452,71],{"class":70},[52,129454,1357],{"class":74},[52,129456,71],{"class":70},[52,129458,5715],{"class":66},[52,129460,129461],{"class":4017},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129463,129464,129465,129469,129470,129472,129473,121],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[257,129466,129467,129196],{"href":124526},[15,129468,59117],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129471,59117],{},", read ",[257,129474,25811,129475],{"href":73633},[15,129476,129477],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[38,129479,41188],{"id":41187},[20,129481,35543,129482,129484],{},[15,129483,124501],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[234,129486,129487,129490,129493,129496],{},[237,129488,129489],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[237,129491,129492],{},"Get the position of a word",[237,129494,129495],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[237,129497,129498],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129500,129501],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[43,129503,129505],{"className":45,"code":129504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129506,129507,129520,129543,129547,129562,129578,129597,129611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129508,129509,129511,129513,129515,129518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129510,34824],{"class":58},[52,129512,63],{"class":62},[52,129514,83],{"class":70},[52,129516,129517],{"class":74},"name:Alice",[52,129519,3710],{"class":70},[52,129521,129522,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129523,129524],{"class":58},"colon_pos ",[52,129526,63],{"class":62},[52,129528,42985],{"class":58},[52,129530,121],{"class":66},[52,129532,128531],{"class":124},[52,129534,145],{"class":66},[52,129536,71],{"class":70},[52,129538,80],{"class":74},[52,129540,71],{"class":70},[52,129542,151],{"class":66},[52,129544,129545],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129546,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129548,129549,129551,129554,129556,129558,129560],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129550,7350],{"class":163},[52,129552,129553],{"class":58}," colon_pos ",[52,129555,72743],{"class":62},[52,129557,2569],{"class":62},[52,129559,3339],{"class":103},[52,129561,6748],{"class":66},[52,129563,129564,129567,129569,129571,129573,129576],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,129565,129566],{"class":58},"    label ",[52,129568,63],{"class":62},[52,129570,42985],{"class":58},[52,129572,75686],{"class":66},[52,129574,129575],{"class":58},"colon_pos",[52,129577,766],{"class":66},[52,129579,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,129581,27533],{"class":58},[52,129583,63],{"class":62},[52,129585,42985],{"class":58},[52,129587,513],{"class":66},[52,129589,129524],{"class":58},[52,129591,2407],{"class":62},[52,129593,1364],{"class":103},[52,129595,129596],{"class":66},":]\n",[52,129598,129599,129601,129603,129606,129608],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,129600,8423],{"class":141},[52,129602,145],{"class":66},[52,129604,129605],{"class":124},"label",[52,129607,4014],{"class":66},[52,129609,129610],{"class":4017},"  # name\n",[52,129612,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,129614,8423],{"class":141},[52,129616,145],{"class":66},[52,129618,2823],{"class":124},[52,129620,4014],{"class":66},[52,129622,129623],{"class":4017},"  # Alice\n",[20,129625,129626,129627,121],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[257,129628,127542],{"href":123761},[38,129630,2022],{"id":2021},[20,129632,129633,129634,80],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129635,124501],{},[234,129637,129638,129647,129653,129658,129664],{},[237,129639,8807,129640,8810,129642,261,129644,129646],{},[15,129641,124501],{},[15,129643,1048],{},[15,129645,1039],{}," instead of an index",[237,129648,129649,129650,129652],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129651,66005],{}," when the substring is missing",[237,129654,1326,129655,129657],{},[15,129656,124501],{}," without handling case differences",[237,129659,37344,129660,9059,129662],{},[15,129661,124501],{},[15,129663,59117],{},[237,129665,2040,129666,129668],{},[15,129667,124501],{}," changes the string",[20,129670,129671],{},"Example of a mistake:",[43,129673,129675],{"className":45,"code":129674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129676,129677,129689,129693,129713,129728,129734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129678,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129680,34824],{"class":58},[52,129682,63],{"class":62},[52,129684,83],{"class":70},[52,129686,4201],{"class":74},[52,129688,3710],{"class":70},[52,129690,129691],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129692,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129694,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129696,7350],{"class":163},[52,129698,42985],{"class":58},[52,129700,121],{"class":66},[52,129702,128531],{"class":124},[52,129704,145],{"class":66},[52,129706,71],{"class":70},[52,129708,60588],{"class":74},[52,129710,71],{"class":70},[52,129712,8696],{"class":66},[52,129714,129715,129717,129719,129721,129724,129726],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129716,8423],{"class":141},[52,129718,145],{"class":66},[52,129720,71],{"class":70},[52,129722,129723],{"class":74},"Found",[52,129725,71],{"class":70},[52,129727,151],{"class":66},[52,129729,129730,129732],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,129731,27566],{"class":163},[52,129733,6748],{"class":66},[52,129735,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,129737,8423],{"class":141},[52,129739,145],{"class":66},[52,129741,71],{"class":70},[52,129743,26447],{"class":74},[52,129745,71],{"class":70},[52,129747,151],{"class":66},[20,129749,100067],{},[43,129751,129753],{"className":45,"code":129752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Not found\n",[15,129754,129755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129756,129757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129758,129752],{"class":58},[20,129760,45848,129761,129764,129765,17199,129767,129769,129770,129772],{},[15,129762,129763],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129766,2467],{},[15,129768,2467],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129771,7350],{}," statement.",[20,129774,129775],{},"A safer version is:",[43,129777,129779],{"className":45,"code":129778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129780,129781,129793,129797,129826,129840,129846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129782,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129784,34824],{"class":58},[52,129786,63],{"class":62},[52,129788,83],{"class":70},[52,129790,4201],{"class":74},[52,129792,3710],{"class":70},[52,129794,129795],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129796,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,129798,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817,129820,129822,129824],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129800,7350],{"class":163},[52,129802,42985],{"class":58},[52,129804,121],{"class":66},[52,129806,128531],{"class":124},[52,129808,145],{"class":66},[52,129810,71],{"class":70},[52,129812,60588],{"class":74},[52,129814,71],{"class":70},[52,129816,4014],{"class":66},[52,129818,129819],{"class":62}," !=",[52,129821,2569],{"class":62},[52,129823,3339],{"class":103},[52,129825,6748],{"class":66},[52,129827,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129829,8423],{"class":141},[52,129831,145],{"class":66},[52,129833,71],{"class":70},[52,129835,129723],{"class":74},[52,129837,71],{"class":70},[52,129839,151],{"class":66},[52,129841,129842,129844],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,129843,27566],{"class":163},[52,129845,6748],{"class":66},[52,129847,129848,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,129849,8423],{"class":141},[52,129851,145],{"class":66},[52,129853,71],{"class":70},[52,129855,26447],{"class":74},[52,129857,71],{"class":70},[52,129859,151],{"class":66},[20,129861,129862],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[43,129864,129866],{"className":45,"code":129865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129867,129868,129890,129904,129930,129944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129869,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129871,142],{"class":141},[52,129873,145],{"class":66},[52,129875,34845],{"class":124},[52,129877,121],{"class":66},[52,129879,128531],{"class":124},[52,129881,145],{"class":66},[52,129883,186],{"class":70},[52,129885,38532],{"class":74},[52,129887,186],{"class":70},[52,129889,2120],{"class":66},[52,129891,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,129893,142],{"class":141},[52,129895,145],{"class":66},[52,129897,41922],{"class":141},[52,129899,145],{"class":66},[52,129901,34845],{"class":124},[52,129903,2120],{"class":66},[52,129905,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129907,142],{"class":141},[52,129909,145],{"class":66},[52,129911,34845],{"class":124},[52,129913,121],{"class":66},[52,129915,8995],{"class":124},[52,129917,8992],{"class":66},[52,129919,128531],{"class":124},[52,129921,145],{"class":66},[52,129923,186],{"class":70},[52,129925,38532],{"class":74},[52,129927,186],{"class":70},[52,129929,2120],{"class":66},[52,129931,129932,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129933,142],{"class":141},[52,129935,145],{"class":66},[52,129937,11505],{"class":141},[52,129939,145],{"class":66},[52,129941,34845],{"class":124},[52,129943,2120],{"class":66},[52,129945,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958,129960,129962,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,129947,142],{"class":141},[52,129949,145],{"class":66},[52,129951,34845],{"class":124},[52,129953,121],{"class":66},[52,129955,128531],{"class":124},[52,129957,145],{"class":66},[52,129959,186],{"class":70},[52,129961,38532],{"class":74},[52,129963,186],{"class":70},[52,129965,91],{"class":66},[52,129967,36190],{"class":124},[52,129969,91],{"class":66},[52,129971,65191],{"class":124},[52,129973,2120],{"class":66},[20,129975,129976],{},"These help you check:",[234,129978,129979,129984,129989,129994,129997],{},[237,129980,129981,129982],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129983,124501],{},[237,129985,129986,129987],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129988,122720],{},[237,129990,129991,129992],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129993,124236],{},[237,129995,129996],{},"The string length",[237,129998,129999,130000,2218,130002,130004],{},"Whether your ",[15,130001,36211],{},[15,130003,52808],{}," values are correct",[38,130006,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,130008,130010,130011,130013],{"id":130009},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130012,124501],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130015,5501,130016,121],{},[15,130017,66005],{},[1335,130019,2195,130021,130023],{"id":130020},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130022,124501],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130025,130026],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1335,130028,130030,130031,124842],{"id":130029},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130032,124501],{},[20,130034,130035],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1335,130037,2215,130039,2218,130041,69806],{"id":130038},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130040,124501],{},[15,130042,59117],{},[20,130044,130045,2746,130047,130049,130050,52642,130052,121],{},[15,130046,124501],{},[15,130048,66005],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130051,59117],{},[15,130053,40846],{},[1335,130055,28461,130057,130059],{"id":130056},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130058,124501],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130061,130062,130063,2218,130065,66304],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130064,36211],{},[15,130066,52808],{},[38,130068,2240],{"id":2239},[234,130070,130071,130077,130083,130090,130096,130103,130107,130112],{},[237,130072,130073],{},[257,130074,126506,130075,2264],{"href":124526},[15,130076,59117],{},[237,130078,130079],{},[257,130080,126506,130081,2264],{"href":129193},[15,130082,60681],{},[237,130084,130085],{},[257,130086,126506,130088,2264],{"href":130087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130089,124677],{},[237,130091,130092],{},[257,130093,126506,130094,2264],{"href":127871},[15,130095,127874],{},[237,130097,130098],{},[257,130099,126506,130101,2264],{"href":130100},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130102,126564],{},[237,130104,130105],{},[257,130106,124905],{"href":123761},[237,130108,130109],{},[257,130110,130111],{"href":129189},"How to split a string in Python",[237,130113,130114],{},[257,130115,26254,130116],{"href":73633},[15,130117,129477],{},[2278,130119,130120],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":130122},[130123,130125,130128,130129,130130,130131,130133,130134,130135,130147],{"id":128607,"depth":110,"text":130124},"What find() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":130126},[130127],{"id":17521,"depth":131,"text":17522},{"id":38160,"depth":110,"text":38161},{"id":65557,"depth":110,"text":66340},{"id":124152,"depth":110,"text":124153},{"id":129334,"depth":110,"text":130132},"find() vs index()",{"id":41187,"depth":110,"text":41188},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":130136},[130137,130139,130141,130143,130145],{"id":130009,"depth":131,"text":130138},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130020,"depth":131,"text":130140},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130029,"depth":131,"text":130142},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130038,"depth":131,"text":130144},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130056,"depth":131,"text":130146},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128479,"description":130148},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130155,"title":130156,"body":130157,"description":132083,"extension":2310,"meta":132084,"navigation":134,"path":132085,"seo":132086,"stem":132087,"__hash__":132088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130158,"toc":132051},[130159,130164,130169,130172,130174,130250,130254,130282,130290,130294,130299,130303,130320,130322,130389,130393,130415,130423,130425,130428,130452,130455,130469,130471,130556,130560,130572,130575,130579,130585,130635,130639,130656,130665,130668,130676,130679,130728,130732,130757,130760,130815,130819,130831,130837,130841,130847,130852,130919,130923,130949,130952,130963,130965,131032,131036,131061,131068,131072,131077,131084,131092,131094,131146,131150,131168,131170,131215,131219,131234,131237,131247,131254,131256,131260,131263,131274,131276,131336,131340,131368,131371,131377,131382,131385,131389,131433,131436,131474,131477,131485,131487,131492,131496,131499,131547,131550,131553,131609,131613,131618,131621,131670,131672,131721,131727,131732,131734,131781,131785,131798,131800,131851,131857,131860,131864,131867,131873,131878,131880,131883,131955,131958,131975,131977,131982,131985,131989,131995,132001,132008,132014,132020,132022,132048],[10,130160,123506,130162,18],{"id":130161},"python-string-format-method",[15,130163,126509],{},[20,130165,123511,130166,130168],{},[15,130167,126509],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130170,130171],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[38,130173,41],{"id":40},[43,130175,130177],{"className":45,"code":130176,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130178,130179,130191,130199,130203,130240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130180,130181,130183,130185,130187,130189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130182,8230],{"class":58},[52,130184,63],{"class":62},[52,130186,83],{"class":70},[52,130188,11844],{"class":74},[52,130190,3710],{"class":70},[52,130192,130193,130195,130197],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130194,21758],{"class":58},[52,130196,63],{"class":62},[52,130198,88950],{"class":103},[52,130200,130201],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,130202,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,130204,130205,130207,130209,130211,130214,130216,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227,130230,130232,130234,130236,130238],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,130206,90158],{"class":58},[52,130208,63],{"class":62},[52,130210,83],{"class":70},[52,130212,130213],{"class":74},"My name is ",[52,130215,4147],{"class":103},[52,130217,130218],{"class":74}," and I am ",[52,130220,4147],{"class":103},[52,130222,122502],{"class":74},[52,130224,71],{"class":70},[52,130226,121],{"class":66},[52,130228,130229],{"class":124},"format",[52,130231,145],{"class":66},[52,130233,75],{"class":124},[52,130235,91],{"class":66},[52,130237,9542],{"class":124},[52,130239,151],{"class":66},[52,130241,130242,130244,130246,130248],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,130243,142],{"class":141},[52,130245,145],{"class":66},[52,130247,90175],{"class":124},[52,130249,151],{"class":66},[20,130251,130252],{},[33,130253,173],{},[43,130255,130257],{"className":45,"code":130256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130258,130259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130260,130261,130264,130266,130269,130272,130275,130278,130280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130262,130263],{"class":58},"My name ",[52,130265,164],{"class":62},[52,130267,130268],{"class":58}," Maya ",[52,130270,130271],{"class":62},"and",[52,130273,130274],{"class":58}," I am ",[52,130276,130277],{"class":103},"12",[52,130279,122535],{"class":58},[52,130281,122538],{"class":66},[20,130283,222,130284,130286,130287,130289],{},[15,130285,4147],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130288,126509],{}," in the same order.",[20,130291,125258,130292,121],{},[257,130293,125261],{"href":51122},[38,130295,229,130297,232],{"id":130296},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130298,126509],{},[20,130300,2327,130301,11752],{},[15,130302,126509],{},[234,130304,130305,130308,130314,130317],{},[237,130306,130307],{},"inserts values into a string",[237,130309,130310,130311,130313],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130312,4147],{}," with given values",[237,130315,130316],{},"returns a new string",[237,130318,130319],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130321,309],{},[43,130323,130325],{"className":45,"code":130324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130326,130327,130341,130364,130368,130379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130328,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130330,34824],{"class":58},[52,130332,63],{"class":62},[52,130334,83],{"class":70},[52,130336,45046],{"class":74},[52,130338,4147],{"class":103},[52,130340,3710],{"class":70},[52,130342,130343,130346,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130344,130345],{"class":58},"new_text ",[52,130347,63],{"class":62},[52,130349,42985],{"class":58},[52,130351,121],{"class":66},[52,130353,130229],{"class":124},[52,130355,145],{"class":66},[52,130357,71],{"class":70},[52,130359,8030],{"class":74},[52,130361,71],{"class":70},[52,130363,151],{"class":66},[52,130365,130366],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,130367,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,130369,130370,130372,130374,130377],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,130371,142],{"class":141},[52,130373,145],{"class":66},[52,130375,130376],{"class":124},"new_text",[52,130378,151],{"class":66},[52,130380,130381,130383,130385,130387],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,130382,142],{"class":141},[52,130384,145],{"class":66},[52,130386,34845],{"class":124},[52,130388,151],{"class":66},[20,130390,130391],{},[33,130392,173],{},[43,130394,130396],{"className":45,"code":130395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130397,130398,130407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130399,130400,130402,130404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130401,35004],{"class":58},[52,130403,91],{"class":66},[52,130405,130406],{"class":58}," Sam\n",[52,130408,130409,130411,130413],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130410,35004],{"class":58},[52,130412,91],{"class":66},[52,130414,10186],{"class":66},[20,130416,2634,130417,130419,130420,130422],{},[15,130418,34845],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130421,126509],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[38,130424,269],{"id":268},[20,130426,130427],{},"The general form is:",[43,130429,130431],{"className":45,"code":130430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130432,130433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130434,130435,130437,130440,130442,130444,130446,130448,130450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130436,71],{"class":43472},[52,130438,130439],{"class":43476},"text {}",[52,130441,71],{"class":43472},[52,130443,121],{"class":66},[52,130445,130229],{"class":124},[52,130447,145],{"class":66},[52,130449,2823],{"class":124},[52,130451,151],{"class":66},[20,130453,130454],{},"Key idea:",[234,130456,130457,130463,130466],{},[237,130458,130459,130460,130462],{},"each ",[15,130461,4147],{}," is a placeholder",[237,130464,130465],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[237,130467,130468],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130470,309],{},[43,130472,130474],{"className":45,"code":130473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130475,130476,130489,130503,130507,130545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130477,130478,130481,130483,130485,130487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130479,130480],{"class":58},"animal ",[52,130482,63],{"class":62},[52,130484,83],{"class":70},[52,130486,37187],{"class":74},[52,130488,3710],{"class":70},[52,130490,130491,130494,130496,130498,130501],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130492,130493],{"class":58},"sound ",[52,130495,63],{"class":62},[52,130497,83],{"class":70},[52,130499,130500],{"class":74},"meow",[52,130502,3710],{"class":70},[52,130504,130505],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,130506,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,130508,130509,130512,130514,130516,130518,130520,130523,130525,130527,130529,130531,130533,130535,130538,130540,130543],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,130510,130511],{"class":58},"sentence ",[52,130513,63],{"class":62},[52,130515,83],{"class":70},[52,130517,2327],{"class":74},[52,130519,4147],{"class":103},[52,130521,130522],{"class":74}," says ",[52,130524,4147],{"class":103},[52,130526,121],{"class":74},[52,130528,71],{"class":70},[52,130530,121],{"class":66},[52,130532,130229],{"class":124},[52,130534,145],{"class":66},[52,130536,130537],{"class":124},"animal",[52,130539,91],{"class":66},[52,130541,130542],{"class":124}," sound",[52,130544,151],{"class":66},[52,130546,130547,130549,130551,130554],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,130548,142],{"class":141},[52,130550,145],{"class":66},[52,130552,130553],{"class":124},"sentence",[52,130555,151],{"class":66},[20,130557,130558],{},[33,130559,173],{},[43,130561,130563],{"className":45,"code":130562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130564,130565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130566,130567,130570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130568,130569],{"class":58},"The cat says meow",[52,130571,122538],{"class":66},[20,130573,130574],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[38,130576,130578],{"id":130577},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130580,130581,130582,130584],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130583,4147],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[43,130586,130588],{"className":45,"code":130587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130589,130590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130591,130592,130594,130596,130598,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130622,130624,130626,130628,130631,130633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130593,142],{"class":141},[52,130595,145],{"class":66},[52,130597,71],{"class":70},[52,130599,130600],{"class":74},"I like ",[52,130602,4147],{"class":103},[52,130604,2218],{"class":74},[52,130606,4147],{"class":103},[52,130608,121],{"class":74},[52,130610,71],{"class":70},[52,130612,121],{"class":66},[52,130614,130229],{"class":124},[52,130616,145],{"class":66},[52,130618,71],{"class":70},[52,130620,130621],{"class":74},"pizza",[52,130623,71],{"class":70},[52,130625,91],{"class":66},[52,130627,83],{"class":70},[52,130629,130630],{"class":74},"pasta",[52,130632,71],{"class":70},[52,130634,2120],{"class":66},[20,130636,130637],{},[33,130638,173],{},[43,130640,130642],{"className":45,"code":130641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130643,130644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130645,130646,130649,130651,130654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130647,130648],{"class":58},"I like pizza ",[52,130650,130271],{"class":62},[52,130652,130653],{"class":58}," pasta",[52,130655,122538],{"class":66},[20,130657,130658,130659,2218,130662,121],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130660,130661],{},"{0}",[15,130663,130664],{},"{1}",[20,130666,130667],{},"This is helpful when:",[234,130669,130670,130673],{},[237,130671,130672],{},"you want to reuse a value",[237,130674,130675],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130677,130678],{},"Example with reused values:",[43,130680,130682],{"className":45,"code":130681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130683,130684,130718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130685,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130697,130699,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130687,34824],{"class":58},[52,130689,63],{"class":62},[52,130691,83],{"class":70},[52,130693,130661],{"class":103},[52,130695,130696],{"class":74}," is learning Python. ",[52,130698,130661],{"class":103},[52,130700,130701],{"class":74}," likes coding.",[52,130703,71],{"class":70},[52,130705,121],{"class":66},[52,130707,130229],{"class":124},[52,130709,145],{"class":66},[52,130711,71],{"class":70},[52,130713,20011],{"class":74},[52,130715,71],{"class":70},[52,130717,151],{"class":66},[52,130719,130720,130722,130724,130726],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130721,142],{"class":141},[52,130723,145],{"class":66},[52,130725,34845],{"class":124},[52,130727,151],{"class":66},[20,130729,130730],{},[33,130731,173],{},[43,130733,130735],{"className":45,"code":130734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130736,130737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130738,130739,130742,130744,130747,130749,130752,130755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130740,130741],{"class":58},"Lina ",[52,130743,164],{"class":62},[52,130745,130746],{"class":58}," learning Python",[52,130748,121],{"class":66},[52,130750,130751],{"class":24881}," Lina",[52,130753,130754],{"class":58}," likes coding",[52,130756,122538],{"class":66},[20,130758,130759],{},"Example with changed order:",[43,130761,130763],{"className":45,"code":130762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130764,130765,130805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130766,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130768,34824],{"class":58},[52,130770,63],{"class":62},[52,130772,83],{"class":70},[52,130774,130664],{"class":103},[52,130776,83477],{"class":74},[52,130778,130661],{"class":103},[52,130780,121],{"class":74},[52,130782,71],{"class":70},[52,130784,121],{"class":66},[52,130786,130229],{"class":124},[52,130788,145],{"class":66},[52,130790,71],{"class":70},[52,130792,6937],{"class":74},[52,130794,71],{"class":70},[52,130796,91],{"class":66},[52,130798,83],{"class":70},[52,130800,79422],{"class":74},[52,130802,71],{"class":70},[52,130804,151],{"class":66},[52,130806,130807,130809,130811,130813],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130808,142],{"class":141},[52,130810,145],{"class":66},[52,130812,34845],{"class":124},[52,130814,151],{"class":66},[20,130816,130817],{},[33,130818,173],{},[43,130820,130822],{"className":45,"code":130821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130823,130824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130825,130826,130829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130827,130828],{"class":58},"two comes after one",[52,130830,122538],{"class":66},[20,130832,130833,130834,130836],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130835,4147],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[38,130838,130840],{"id":130839},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130842,130843,130844,121],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130845,130846],{},"{name}",[20,130848,130849,130850,80],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130851,126509],{},[43,130853,130855],{"className":45,"code":130854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130856,130857,130909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130858,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869,130872,130875,130877,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130860,34824],{"class":58},[52,130862,63],{"class":62},[52,130864,83],{"class":70},[52,130866,130213],{"class":74},[52,130868,130846],{"class":103},[52,130870,130871],{"class":74}," and I live in ",[52,130873,130874],{"class":103},"{city}",[52,130876,121],{"class":74},[52,130878,71],{"class":70},[52,130880,121],{"class":66},[52,130882,130229],{"class":124},[52,130884,145],{"class":66},[52,130886,75],{"class":9529},[52,130888,63],{"class":62},[52,130890,71],{"class":70},[52,130892,86],{"class":74},[52,130894,71],{"class":70},[52,130896,91],{"class":66},[52,130898,31519],{"class":9529},[52,130900,63],{"class":62},[52,130902,71],{"class":70},[52,130904,16157],{"class":74},[52,130906,71],{"class":70},[52,130908,151],{"class":66},[52,130910,130911,130913,130915,130917],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,130912,142],{"class":141},[52,130914,145],{"class":66},[52,130916,34845],{"class":124},[52,130918,151],{"class":66},[20,130920,130921],{},[33,130922,173],{},[43,130924,130926],{"className":45,"code":130925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130927,130928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130929,130930,130932,130934,130937,130939,130942,130944,130947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130931,130263],{"class":58},[52,130933,164],{"class":62},[52,130935,130936],{"class":58}," Ana ",[52,130938,130271],{"class":62},[52,130940,130941],{"class":58}," I live ",[52,130943,4238],{"class":62},[52,130945,130946],{"class":58}," Lima",[52,130948,122538],{"class":66},[20,130950,130951],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[234,130953,130954,130957,130960],{},[237,130955,130956],{},"they make code easier to read",[237,130958,130959],{},"they help when a string has many values",[237,130961,130962],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130964,309],{},[43,130966,130968],{"className":45,"code":130967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130969,130970,131022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130971,130972,130975,130977,130979,130982,130985,130988,130991,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131008,131010,131012,131015,131017,131020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130973,130974],{"class":58},"report ",[52,130976,63],{"class":62},[52,130978,83],{"class":70},[52,130980,130981],{"class":74},"Student: ",[52,130983,130984],{"class":103},"{student}",[52,130986,130987],{"class":74},", Score: ",[52,130989,130990],{"class":103},"{score}",[52,130992,71],{"class":70},[52,130994,121],{"class":66},[52,130996,130229],{"class":124},[52,130998,145],{"class":66},[52,131000,887],{"class":9529},[52,131002,63],{"class":62},[52,131004,71],{"class":70},[52,131006,131007],{"class":74},"Noah",[52,131009,71],{"class":70},[52,131011,91],{"class":66},[52,131013,131014],{"class":9529}," score",[52,131016,63],{"class":62},[52,131018,131019],{"class":103},"95",[52,131021,151],{"class":66},[52,131023,131024,131026,131028,131030],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131025,142],{"class":141},[52,131027,145],{"class":66},[52,131029,128219],{"class":124},[52,131031,151],{"class":66},[20,131033,131034],{},[33,131035,173],{},[43,131037,131039],{"className":45,"code":131038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131040,131041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131042,131043,131046,131048,131051,131053,131056,131058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131044,131045],{"class":58},"Student",[52,131047,80],{"class":66},[52,131049,131050],{"class":58}," Noah",[52,131052,91],{"class":66},[52,131054,131055],{"class":58}," Score",[52,131057,80],{"class":66},[52,131059,131060],{"class":103}," 95\n",[20,131062,131063,131064,121],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[257,131065,3928,131066,3861],{"href":42318},[15,131067,47829],{},[38,131069,131071],{"id":131070},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131073,131074,131076],{},[15,131075,126509],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131078,131079,131080,131083],{},"A common example is ",[15,131081,131082],{},":.2f",", which means:",[234,131085,131086,131089],{},[237,131087,131088],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[237,131090,131091],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131093,309],{},[43,131095,131097],{"className":45,"code":131096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131098,131099,131107,131136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131100,131101,131103,131105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131102,40529],{"class":58},[52,131104,63],{"class":62},[52,131106,49422],{"class":103},[52,131108,131109,131111,131113,131115,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131110,34824],{"class":58},[52,131112,63],{"class":62},[52,131114,83],{"class":70},[52,131116,131117],{"class":74},"Price: $",[52,131119,183],{"class":103},[52,131121,131082],{"class":2413},[52,131123,22433],{"class":103},[52,131125,71],{"class":70},[52,131127,121],{"class":66},[52,131129,130229],{"class":124},[52,131131,145],{"class":66},[52,131133,25281],{"class":124},[52,131135,151],{"class":66},[52,131137,131138,131140,131142,131144],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131139,142],{"class":141},[52,131141,145],{"class":66},[52,131143,34845],{"class":124},[52,131145,151],{"class":66},[20,131147,131148],{},[33,131149,173],{},[43,131151,131153],{"className":45,"code":131152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131154,131155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131156,131157,131160,131162,131165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131158,131159],{"class":58},"Price",[52,131161,80],{"class":66},[52,131163,131164],{"class":37507}," $",[52,131166,131167],{"class":103},"3.50\n",[20,131169,52227],{},[43,131171,131173],{"className":45,"code":131172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131174,131175,131185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131176,131177,131180,131182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131178,131179],{"class":58},"average ",[52,131181,63],{"class":62},[52,131183,131184],{"class":103}," 91.236\n",[52,131186,131187,131189,131191,131193,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131213],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131188,142],{"class":141},[52,131190,145],{"class":66},[52,131192,71],{"class":70},[52,131194,131195],{"class":74},"Average: ",[52,131197,183],{"class":103},[52,131199,131082],{"class":2413},[52,131201,22433],{"class":103},[52,131203,71],{"class":70},[52,131205,121],{"class":66},[52,131207,130229],{"class":124},[52,131209,145],{"class":66},[52,131211,131212],{"class":124},"average",[52,131214,2120],{"class":66},[20,131216,131217],{},[33,131218,173],{},[43,131220,131222],{"className":45,"code":131221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131223,131224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131225,131226,131229,131231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131227,131228],{"class":58},"Average",[52,131230,80],{"class":66},[52,131232,131233],{"class":103}," 91.24\n",[20,131235,131236],{},"This is useful for:",[234,131238,131239,131241,131244],{},[237,131240,83235],{},[237,131242,131243],{},"averages",[237,131245,131246],{},"percentages",[20,131248,131249,131250,121],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[257,131251,3928,131252,2651],{"href":46594},[15,131253,46597],{},[38,131255,17546],{"id":17545},[20,131257,131258,92672],{},[15,131259,126509],{},[20,131261,131262],{},"That means you can:",[234,131264,131265,131268,131271],{},[237,131266,131267],{},"save it in a variable",[237,131269,131270],{},"print it directly",[237,131272,131273],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131275,309],{},[43,131277,131279],{"className":45,"code":131278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131280,131281,131312,131322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131282,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131308,131310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131284,90158],{"class":58},[52,131286,63],{"class":62},[52,131288,83],{"class":70},[52,131290,45046],{"class":74},[52,131292,4147],{"class":103},[52,131294,89999],{"class":74},[52,131296,71],{"class":70},[52,131298,121],{"class":66},[52,131300,130229],{"class":124},[52,131302,145],{"class":66},[52,131304,71],{"class":70},[52,131306,131307],{"class":74},"Chris",[52,131309,71],{"class":70},[52,131311,151],{"class":66},[52,131313,131314,131316,131318,131320],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131315,142],{"class":141},[52,131317,145],{"class":66},[52,131319,90175],{"class":124},[52,131321,151],{"class":66},[52,131323,131324,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131325,142],{"class":141},[52,131327,145],{"class":66},[52,131329,3573],{"class":3251},[52,131331,145],{"class":66},[52,131333,90175],{"class":124},[52,131335,2120],{"class":66},[20,131337,131338],{},[33,131339,173],{},[43,131341,131343],{"className":45,"code":131342,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131344,131345,131354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131346,131347,131349,131351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131348,35004],{"class":58},[52,131350,91],{"class":66},[52,131352,131353],{"class":58}," Chris!\n",[52,131355,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131357,3642],{"class":62},[52,131359,3645],{"class":2413},[52,131361,195],{"class":70},[52,131363,3795],{"class":74},[52,131365,186],{"class":70},[52,131367,3654],{"class":62},[20,131369,131370],{},"The original string is not changed.",[38,131372,131374,131376],{"id":131373},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131375,126509],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131378,131379,131381],{},[15,131380,126509],{}," is a string method.",[20,131383,131384],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131386,46185,131387,80],{},[15,131388,126509],{},[43,131390,131392],{"className":45,"code":131391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131393,131394,131407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131395,131396,131398,131400,131402,131405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131397,8230],{"class":58},[52,131399,63],{"class":62},[52,131401,83],{"class":70},[52,131403,131404],{"class":74},"Rita",[52,131406,3710],{"class":70},[52,131408,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131410,142],{"class":141},[52,131412,145],{"class":66},[52,131414,71],{"class":70},[52,131416,45046],{"class":74},[52,131418,4147],{"class":103},[52,131420,89999],{"class":74},[52,131422,71],{"class":70},[52,131424,121],{"class":66},[52,131426,130229],{"class":124},[52,131428,145],{"class":66},[52,131430,75],{"class":124},[52,131432,2120],{"class":66},[20,131434,131435],{},"Example with an f-string:",[43,131437,131439],{"className":45,"code":131438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131440,131441,131453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131442,131443,131445,131447,131449,131451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131444,8230],{"class":58},[52,131446,63],{"class":62},[52,131448,83],{"class":70},[52,131450,131404],{"class":74},[52,131452,3710],{"class":70},[52,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131472],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131456,142],{"class":141},[52,131458,145],{"class":66},[52,131460,22424],{"class":2413},[52,131462,43490],{"class":74},[52,131464,183],{"class":103},[52,131466,75],{"class":124},[52,131468,22433],{"class":103},[52,131470,131471],{"class":74},"!\"",[52,131473,151],{"class":66},[20,131475,131476],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131478,131479,131480,131482,131483,121],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131481,126509],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[257,131484,89844],{"href":89843},[38,131486,2022],{"id":2021},[20,131488,131489,131490,121],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131491,126509],{},[1335,131493,131495],{"id":131494},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131497,131498],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[43,131500,131502],{"className":45,"code":131501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131503,131504,131537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131505,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131507,34824],{"class":58},[52,131509,63],{"class":62},[52,131511,83],{"class":70},[52,131513,45046],{"class":74},[52,131515,4147],{"class":103},[52,131517,131518],{"class":103}," {}",[52,131520,89999],{"class":74},[52,131522,71],{"class":70},[52,131524,121],{"class":66},[52,131526,130229],{"class":124},[52,131528,145],{"class":66},[52,131530,71],{"class":70},[52,131532,8030],{"class":74},[52,131534,71],{"class":70},[52,131536,151],{"class":66},[52,131538,131539,131541,131543,131545],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131540,142],{"class":141},[52,131542,145],{"class":66},[52,131544,34845],{"class":124},[52,131546,151],{"class":66},[20,131548,131549],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131551,131552],{},"Fixed version:",[43,131554,131556],{"className":45,"code":131555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131557,131558,131599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131559,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131595,131597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131561,34824],{"class":58},[52,131563,63],{"class":62},[52,131565,83],{"class":70},[52,131567,45046],{"class":74},[52,131569,4147],{"class":103},[52,131571,131518],{"class":103},[52,131573,89999],{"class":74},[52,131575,71],{"class":70},[52,131577,121],{"class":66},[52,131579,130229],{"class":124},[52,131581,145],{"class":66},[52,131583,71],{"class":70},[52,131585,8030],{"class":74},[52,131587,71],{"class":70},[52,131589,91],{"class":66},[52,131591,83],{"class":70},[52,131593,131594],{"class":74},"Lee",[52,131596,71],{"class":70},[52,131598,151],{"class":66},[52,131600,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131602,142],{"class":141},[52,131604,145],{"class":66},[52,131606,34845],{"class":124},[52,131608,151],{"class":66},[1335,131610,131612],{"id":131611},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131614,131615,131616,121],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131617,126509],{},[20,131619,131620],{},"Problem:",[43,131622,131624],{"className":45,"code":131623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131625,131626,131660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131627,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652,131654,131656,131658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131629,34824],{"class":58},[52,131631,63],{"class":62},[52,131633,83],{"class":70},[52,131635,45046],{"class":74},[52,131637,130846],{"class":103},[52,131639,89999],{"class":74},[52,131641,71],{"class":70},[52,131643,121],{"class":66},[52,131645,130229],{"class":124},[52,131647,145],{"class":66},[52,131649,8339],{"class":9529},[52,131651,63],{"class":62},[52,131653,71],{"class":70},[52,131655,8030],{"class":74},[52,131657,71],{"class":70},[52,131659,151],{"class":66},[52,131661,131662,131664,131666,131668],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131663,142],{"class":141},[52,131665,145],{"class":66},[52,131667,34845],{"class":124},[52,131669,151],{"class":66},[20,131671,131552],{},[43,131673,131675],{"className":45,"code":131674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131676,131677,131711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131678,131679,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131680,34824],{"class":58},[52,131682,63],{"class":62},[52,131684,83],{"class":70},[52,131686,45046],{"class":74},[52,131688,130846],{"class":103},[52,131690,89999],{"class":74},[52,131692,71],{"class":70},[52,131694,121],{"class":66},[52,131696,130229],{"class":124},[52,131698,145],{"class":66},[52,131700,75],{"class":9529},[52,131702,63],{"class":62},[52,131704,71],{"class":70},[52,131706,8030],{"class":74},[52,131708,71],{"class":70},[52,131710,151],{"class":66},[52,131712,131713,131715,131717,131719],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131714,142],{"class":141},[52,131716,145],{"class":66},[52,131718,34845],{"class":124},[52,131720,151],{"class":66},[1335,131722,8807,131724,131726],{"id":131723},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131725,126509],{}," to change the original string",[20,131728,131729,131731],{},[15,131730,126509],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131733,131620],{},[43,131735,131737],{"className":45,"code":131736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131738,131739,131753,131771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131740,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749,131751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131742,34824],{"class":58},[52,131744,63],{"class":62},[52,131746,83],{"class":70},[52,131748,45046],{"class":74},[52,131750,4147],{"class":103},[52,131752,3710],{"class":70},[52,131754,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131756,34845],{"class":58},[52,131758,121],{"class":66},[52,131760,130229],{"class":124},[52,131762,145],{"class":66},[52,131764,71],{"class":70},[52,131766,8030],{"class":74},[52,131768,71],{"class":70},[52,131770,151],{"class":66},[52,131772,131773,131775,131777,131779],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131774,142],{"class":141},[52,131776,145],{"class":66},[52,131778,34845],{"class":124},[52,131780,151],{"class":66},[20,131782,131783],{},[33,131784,173],{},[43,131786,131788],{"className":45,"code":131787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131789,131790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131791,131792,131794,131796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131793,35004],{"class":58},[52,131795,91],{"class":66},[52,131797,10186],{"class":66},[20,131799,131552],{},[43,131801,131803],{"className":45,"code":131802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131804,131805,131819,131841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131806,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131808,34824],{"class":58},[52,131810,63],{"class":62},[52,131812,83],{"class":70},[52,131814,45046],{"class":74},[52,131816,4147],{"class":103},[52,131818,3710],{"class":70},[52,131820,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131822,34824],{"class":58},[52,131824,63],{"class":62},[52,131826,42985],{"class":58},[52,131828,121],{"class":66},[52,131830,130229],{"class":124},[52,131832,145],{"class":66},[52,131834,71],{"class":70},[52,131836,8030],{"class":74},[52,131838,71],{"class":70},[52,131840,151],{"class":66},[52,131842,131843,131845,131847,131849],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131844,142],{"class":141},[52,131846,145],{"class":66},[52,131848,34845],{"class":124},[52,131850,151],{"class":66},[1335,131852,5058,131854,131856],{"id":131853},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131855,126509],{}," returns a new string",[20,131858,131859],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1335,131861,131863],{"id":131862},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131865,131866],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131868,131869,131870,131872],{},"Use simple ",[15,131871,4147],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131874,131875,131876,121],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[257,131877,90557],{"href":90556},[38,131879,68046],{"id":68045},[20,131881,131882],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[43,131884,131886],{"className":45,"code":131885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131887,131888,131898,131912,131941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131889,131890,131892,131894,131896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131891,142],{"class":141},[52,131893,145],{"class":66},[52,131895,34845],{"class":124},[52,131897,151],{"class":66},[52,131899,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,131901,142],{"class":141},[52,131903,145],{"class":66},[52,131905,3573],{"class":3251},[52,131907,145],{"class":66},[52,131909,2823],{"class":124},[52,131911,2120],{"class":66},[52,131913,131914,131916,131918,131920,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131915,142],{"class":141},[52,131917,145],{"class":66},[52,131919,71],{"class":70},[52,131921,131922],{"class":74},"Hello ",[52,131924,4147],{"class":103},[52,131926,71],{"class":70},[52,131928,121],{"class":66},[52,131930,130229],{"class":124},[52,131932,145],{"class":66},[52,131934,71],{"class":70},[52,131936,8030],{"class":74},[52,131938,71],{"class":70},[52,131940,2120],{"class":66},[52,131942,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,131944,32287],{"class":141},[52,131946,145],{"class":66},[52,131948,3795],{"class":3251},[52,131950,121],{"class":66},[52,131952,130229],{"class":24881},[52,131954,151],{"class":66},[20,131956,131957],{},"Use them to check:",[234,131959,131960,131963,131966,131969],{},[237,131961,131962],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[237,131964,131965],{},"what type your value has",[237,131967,131968],{},"whether a small test example works",[237,131970,131971,131972],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131973,131974],{},"str.format",[38,131976,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,131978,130010,131980,13040],{"id":131979},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131981,126509],{},[20,131983,131984],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1335,131986,131988],{"id":131987},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131990,131991,131992,131994],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131993,4147],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1335,131996,131998,131999,2221],{"id":131997},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132000,126509],{},[20,132002,132003,132004,132007],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132005,132006],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1335,132009,2205,132011,132013],{"id":132010},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132012,126509],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132015,132016,132017,132019],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132018,126509],{}," is still useful and common.",[38,132021,2240],{"id":2239},[234,132023,132024,132028,132032,132038,132044],{},[237,132025,132026],{},[257,132027,125261],{"href":51122},[237,132029,132030],{},[257,132031,90834],{"href":89843},[237,132033,132034],{},[257,132035,3928,132036,3861],{"href":46594},[15,132037,46597],{},[237,132039,132040],{},[257,132041,3928,132042,3861],{"href":42318},[15,132043,47829],{},[237,132045,132046],{},[257,132047,90557],{"href":90556},[2278,132049,132050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":132052},[132053,132054,132056,132057,132058,132059,132060,132061,132063,132072,132073,132082],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":130296,"depth":110,"text":132055},"What the format() method does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":130577,"depth":110,"text":130578},{"id":130839,"depth":110,"text":130840},{"id":131070,"depth":110,"text":131071},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":131373,"depth":110,"text":132062},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":132064},[132065,132066,132067,132069,132071],{"id":131494,"depth":131,"text":131495},{"id":131611,"depth":131,"text":131612},{"id":131723,"depth":131,"text":132068},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131853,"depth":131,"text":132070},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131862,"depth":131,"text":131863},{"id":68045,"depth":110,"text":68046},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":132074},[132075,132077,132078,132080],{"id":131979,"depth":131,"text":132076},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131987,"depth":131,"text":131988},{"id":131997,"depth":131,"text":132079},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132010,"depth":131,"text":132081},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130156,"description":132083},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132090,"title":132091,"body":132092,"description":133572,"extension":2310,"meta":133573,"navigation":134,"path":133574,"seo":133575,"stem":133576,"__hash__":133577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132093,"toc":133544},[132094,132099,132104,132109,132111,132173,132180,132186,132191,132193,132209,132211,132282,132284,132298,132301,132351,132353,132355,132382,132385,132400,132403,132444,132447,132492,132499,132548,132550,132558,132560,132578,132580,132673,132681,132722,132727,132734,132740,132747,132750,132754,132855,132857,132879,132883,132936,132939,132942,132948,132955,132957,132996,132998,133016,133026,133033,133116,133119,133126,133133,133140,133144,133152,133198,133202,133211,133276,133281,133286,133297,133299,133304,133331,133333,133436,133439,133459,133461,133466,133469,133473,133477,133484,133493,133499,133502,133508,133510,133512,133541],[10,132095,123506,132097,18],{"id":132096},"python-string-index-method",[15,132098,59117],{},[20,132100,123511,132101,132103],{},[15,132102,59117],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132105,132106,132107,121],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132108,40846],{},[38,132110,41],{"id":40},[43,132112,132114],{"className":45,"code":132113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132115,132116,132128,132150,132160,132164,132168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132117,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132119,34824],{"class":58},[52,132121,63],{"class":62},[52,132123,83],{"class":70},[52,132125,60556],{"class":74},[52,132127,3710],{"class":70},[52,132129,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132131,65070],{"class":58},[52,132133,63],{"class":62},[52,132135,42985],{"class":58},[52,132137,121],{"class":66},[52,132139,35984],{"class":124},[52,132141,145],{"class":66},[52,132143,71],{"class":70},[52,132145,60741],{"class":74},[52,132147,71],{"class":70},[52,132149,151],{"class":66},[52,132151,132152,132154,132156,132158],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132153,142],{"class":141},[52,132155,145],{"class":66},[52,132157,65097],{"class":124},[52,132159,151],{"class":66},[52,132161,132162],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,132163,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,132165,132166],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,132167,90975],{"class":4017},[52,132169,132170],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,132171,132172],{"class":4017},"# 6\n",[20,132174,222,132175,132177,132178,121],{},[15,132176,59117],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132179,40846],{},[38,132181,4031,132183,4034],{"id":132182},"what-strindex-does",[15,132184,132185],{},"str.index()",[20,132187,132188,132190],{},[15,132189,132185],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132192,293],{},[234,132194,132195,132198,132201,132204],{},[237,132196,132197],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[237,132199,132200],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[237,132202,132203],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[237,132205,30427,132206,132208],{},[15,132207,40846],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132210,309],{},[43,132212,132214],{"className":45,"code":132213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132215,132216,132228,132232,132257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132217,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132219,34824],{"class":58},[52,132221,63],{"class":62},[52,132223,83],{"class":70},[52,132225,4441],{"class":74},[52,132227,3710],{"class":70},[52,132229,132230],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132231,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,132233,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132235,142],{"class":141},[52,132237,145],{"class":66},[52,132239,34845],{"class":124},[52,132241,121],{"class":66},[52,132243,35984],{"class":124},[52,132245,145],{"class":66},[52,132247,71],{"class":70},[52,132249,257],{"class":74},[52,132251,71],{"class":70},[52,132253,5715],{"class":66},[52,132255,132256],{"class":4017},"     # 1\n",[52,132258,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,132260,142],{"class":141},[52,132262,145],{"class":66},[52,132264,34845],{"class":124},[52,132266,121],{"class":66},[52,132268,35984],{"class":124},[52,132270,145],{"class":66},[52,132272,71],{"class":70},[52,132274,123599],{"class":74},[52,132276,71],{"class":70},[52,132278,5715],{"class":66},[52,132280,132281],{"class":4017},"    # 2\n",[20,132283,2525],{},[234,132285,132286,132292],{},[237,132287,132288,128719,132290],{},[15,132289,18224],{},[15,132291,3339],{},[237,132293,132294,128719,132296],{},[15,132295,128718],{},[15,132297,2404],{},[20,132299,132300],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[43,132302,132304],{"className":45,"code":132303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132305,132306,132318,132322,132346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132307,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132309,34824],{"class":58},[52,132311,63],{"class":62},[52,132313,83],{"class":70},[52,132315,35004],{"class":74},[52,132317,3710],{"class":70},[52,132319,132320],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132321,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,132323,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132325,142],{"class":141},[52,132327,145],{"class":66},[52,132329,34845],{"class":124},[52,132331,121],{"class":66},[52,132333,35984],{"class":124},[52,132335,145],{"class":66},[52,132337,71],{"class":70},[52,132339,51338],{"class":74},[52,132341,71],{"class":70},[52,132343,5715],{"class":66},[52,132345,20897],{"class":4017},[52,132347,132348],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,132349,132350],{"class":4017},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[38,132352,269],{"id":268},[20,132354,2507],{},[43,132356,132358],{"className":45,"code":132357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132359,132360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132361,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132363,61324],{"class":58},[52,132365,121],{"class":66},[52,132367,35984],{"class":124},[52,132369,145],{"class":66},[52,132371,2823],{"class":124},[52,132373,91],{"class":66},[52,132375,36190],{"class":124},[52,132377,91],{"class":66},[52,132379,65191],{"class":124},[52,132381,151],{"class":66},[20,132383,132384],{},"Parameters:",[234,132386,132387,132391,132395],{},[237,132388,132389,123698],{},[15,132390,2823],{},[237,132392,132393,128765],{},[15,132394,36211],{},[237,132396,132397,132399],{},[15,132398,52808],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132401,132402],{},"You can use just the value:",[43,132404,132406],{"className":45,"code":132405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132407,132408,132420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132409,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132411,34824],{"class":58},[52,132413,63],{"class":62},[52,132415,83],{"class":70},[52,132417,47],{"class":74},[52,132419,3710],{"class":70},[52,132421,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132423,142],{"class":141},[52,132425,145],{"class":66},[52,132427,34845],{"class":124},[52,132429,121],{"class":66},[52,132431,35984],{"class":124},[52,132433,145],{"class":66},[52,132435,71],{"class":70},[52,132437,63437],{"class":74},[52,132439,71],{"class":70},[52,132441,5715],{"class":66},[52,132443,51562],{"class":4017},[20,132445,132446],{},"Or include a start position:",[43,132448,132450],{"className":45,"code":132449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132451,132452,132464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132453,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132455,34824],{"class":58},[52,132457,63],{"class":62},[52,132459,83],{"class":70},[52,132461,4441],{"class":74},[52,132463,3710],{"class":70},[52,132465,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132467,142],{"class":141},[52,132469,145],{"class":66},[52,132471,34845],{"class":124},[52,132473,121],{"class":66},[52,132475,35984],{"class":124},[52,132477,145],{"class":66},[52,132479,71],{"class":70},[52,132481,257],{"class":74},[52,132483,71],{"class":70},[52,132485,91],{"class":66},[52,132487,1378],{"class":103},[52,132489,5715],{"class":66},[52,132491,50917],{"class":4017},[20,132493,132494,132495,2218,132497,80],{},"Or include both ",[15,132496,36211],{},[15,132498,52808],{},[43,132500,132502],{"className":45,"code":132501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132503,132504,132516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132505,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132507,34824],{"class":58},[52,132509,63],{"class":62},[52,132511,83],{"class":70},[52,132513,4441],{"class":74},[52,132515,3710],{"class":70},[52,132517,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132519,142],{"class":141},[52,132521,145],{"class":66},[52,132523,34845],{"class":124},[52,132525,121],{"class":66},[52,132527,35984],{"class":124},[52,132529,145],{"class":66},[52,132531,71],{"class":70},[52,132533,257],{"class":74},[52,132535,71],{"class":70},[52,132537,91],{"class":66},[52,132539,1378],{"class":103},[52,132541,91],{"class":66},[52,132543,4959],{"class":103},[52,132545,5715],{"class":66},[52,132547,50917],{"class":4017},[38,132549,38161],{"id":38160},[20,132551,28841,132552,132554,132555,121],{},[15,132553,59117],{}," is a ",[33,132556,132557],{},"zero-based index",[20,132559,694],{},[234,132561,132562,132568,132573],{},[237,132563,132564,132565,132567],{},"Index ",[15,132566,2467],{}," is the first character",[237,132569,132564,132570,132572],{},[15,132571,3339],{}," is the second character",[237,132574,132564,132575,132577],{},[15,132576,2404],{}," is the third character",[20,132579,309],{},[43,132581,132583],{"className":45,"code":132582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132584,132585,132597,132601,132625,132649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132586,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132588,34824],{"class":58},[52,132590,63],{"class":62},[52,132592,83],{"class":70},[52,132594,37187],{"class":74},[52,132596,3710],{"class":70},[52,132598,132599],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132600,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,132602,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132604,142],{"class":141},[52,132606,145],{"class":66},[52,132608,34845],{"class":124},[52,132610,121],{"class":66},[52,132612,35984],{"class":124},[52,132614,145],{"class":66},[52,132616,71],{"class":70},[52,132618,10087],{"class":74},[52,132620,71],{"class":70},[52,132622,5715],{"class":66},[52,132624,51394],{"class":4017},[52,132626,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,132628,142],{"class":141},[52,132630,145],{"class":66},[52,132632,34845],{"class":124},[52,132634,121],{"class":66},[52,132636,35984],{"class":124},[52,132638,145],{"class":66},[52,132640,71],{"class":70},[52,132642,257],{"class":74},[52,132644,71],{"class":70},[52,132646,5715],{"class":66},[52,132648,27912],{"class":4017},[52,132650,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,132652,142],{"class":141},[52,132654,145],{"class":66},[52,132656,34845],{"class":124},[52,132658,121],{"class":66},[52,132660,35984],{"class":124},[52,132662,145],{"class":66},[52,132664,71],{"class":70},[52,132666,63437],{"class":74},[52,132668,71],{"class":70},[52,132670,5715],{"class":66},[52,132672,51562],{"class":4017},[20,132674,132675,132677,132678,132680],{},[15,132676,59117],{}," returns only the ",[33,132679,30042],{}," matching position.",[43,132682,132684],{"className":45,"code":132683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132685,132686,132698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132687,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132689,34824],{"class":58},[52,132691,63],{"class":62},[52,132693,83],{"class":70},[52,132695,4441],{"class":74},[52,132697,3710],{"class":70},[52,132699,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132701,142],{"class":141},[52,132703,145],{"class":66},[52,132705,34845],{"class":124},[52,132707,121],{"class":66},[52,132709,35984],{"class":124},[52,132711,145],{"class":66},[52,132713,71],{"class":70},[52,132715,257],{"class":74},[52,132717,71],{"class":70},[52,132719,5715],{"class":66},[52,132721,27912],{"class":4017},[20,132723,21107,132724,132726],{},[15,132725,18224],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132728,132729,132730,121],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[257,132731,132732,2264],{"href":124956},[15,132733,58739],{},[38,132735,1326,132736,2218,132738],{"id":65557},[15,132737,36211],{},[15,132739,52808],{},[20,132741,2327,132742,2218,132744,132746],{},[15,132743,36211],{},[15,132745,52808],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132748,132749],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132751,46185,132752,80],{},[15,132753,36211],{},[43,132755,132757],{"className":45,"code":132756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132758,132759,132771,132775,132799,132827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132760,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132762,34824],{"class":58},[52,132764,63],{"class":62},[52,132766,83],{"class":70},[52,132768,4441],{"class":74},[52,132770,3710],{"class":70},[52,132772,132773],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132774,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,132776,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132778,142],{"class":141},[52,132780,145],{"class":66},[52,132782,34845],{"class":124},[52,132784,121],{"class":66},[52,132786,35984],{"class":124},[52,132788,145],{"class":66},[52,132790,71],{"class":70},[52,132792,257],{"class":74},[52,132794,71],{"class":70},[52,132796,5715],{"class":66},[52,132798,51267],{"class":4017},[52,132800,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,132802,142],{"class":141},[52,132804,145],{"class":66},[52,132806,34845],{"class":124},[52,132808,121],{"class":66},[52,132810,35984],{"class":124},[52,132812,145],{"class":66},[52,132814,71],{"class":70},[52,132816,257],{"class":74},[52,132818,71],{"class":70},[52,132820,91],{"class":66},[52,132822,1378],{"class":103},[52,132824,5715],{"class":66},[52,132826,51116],{"class":4017},[52,132828,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,132830,142],{"class":141},[52,132832,145],{"class":66},[52,132834,34845],{"class":124},[52,132836,121],{"class":66},[52,132838,35984],{"class":124},[52,132840,145],{"class":66},[52,132842,71],{"class":70},[52,132844,257],{"class":74},[52,132846,71],{"class":70},[52,132848,91],{"class":66},[52,132850,2807],{"class":103},[52,132852,5715],{"class":66},[52,132854,50900],{"class":4017},[20,132856,20086],{},[234,132858,132859,132866,132872],{},[237,132860,132861,132862,65747,132864],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132863,18224],{},[15,132865,3339],{},[237,132867,132868,132869,132871],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132870,2404],{}," skips that first match",[237,132873,132868,132874,132876,132877],{},[15,132875,2855],{}," finds the last ",[15,132878,18224],{},[20,132880,46185,132881,80],{},[15,132882,52808],{},[43,132884,132886],{"className":45,"code":132885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132887,132888,132900,132904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132889,132890,132892,132894,132896,132898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132891,34824],{"class":58},[52,132893,63],{"class":62},[52,132895,83],{"class":70},[52,132897,4441],{"class":74},[52,132899,3710],{"class":70},[52,132901,132902],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132903,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,132905,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132907,142],{"class":141},[52,132909,145],{"class":66},[52,132911,34845],{"class":124},[52,132913,121],{"class":66},[52,132915,35984],{"class":124},[52,132917,145],{"class":66},[52,132919,71],{"class":70},[52,132921,76181],{"class":74},[52,132923,71],{"class":70},[52,132925,91],{"class":66},[52,132927,4189],{"class":103},[52,132929,91],{"class":66},[52,132931,2807],{"class":103},[52,132933,5715],{"class":66},[52,132935,51562],{"class":4017},[20,132937,132938],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132940,132941],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[38,132943,44357,132945,132947],{"id":132944},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132946,59117],{}," causes an error",[20,132949,132950,132951,52642,132953,121],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132952,59117],{},[15,132954,40846],{},[20,132956,309],{},[43,132958,132960],{"className":45,"code":132959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132961,132962,132974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132963,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132965,34824],{"class":58},[52,132967,63],{"class":62},[52,132969,83],{"class":70},[52,132971,4201],{"class":74},[52,132973,3710],{"class":70},[52,132975,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,132977,142],{"class":141},[52,132979,145],{"class":66},[52,132981,34845],{"class":124},[52,132983,121],{"class":66},[52,132985,35984],{"class":124},[52,132987,145],{"class":66},[52,132989,71],{"class":70},[52,132991,22207],{"class":74},[52,132993,71],{"class":70},[52,132995,2120],{"class":66},[20,132997,173],{},[43,132999,133001],{"className":45,"code":133000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133002,133003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133004,133005,133007,133009,133012,133014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133006,40846],{"class":3251},[52,133008,80],{"class":66},[52,133010,133011],{"class":58}," substring ",[52,133013,1332],{"class":62},[52,133015,65980],{"class":58},[20,133017,53489,133018,126472,133023,133025],{},[257,133019,133020],{"href":130150},[15,133021,133022],{},"str.find()",[15,133024,66005],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133027,133028,133029,2218,133031,80],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133030,29937],{},[15,133032,29968],{},[43,133034,133036],{"className":45,"code":133035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133037,133038,133050,133054,133060,133083,133093,133101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133039,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133041,34824],{"class":58},[52,133043,63],{"class":62},[52,133045,83],{"class":70},[52,133047,4201],{"class":74},[52,133049,3710],{"class":70},[52,133051,133052],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133053,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,133055,133056,133058],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133057,29937],{"class":163},[52,133059,6748],{"class":66},[52,133061,133062,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,133063,133064],{"class":58},"    position ",[52,133066,63],{"class":62},[52,133068,42985],{"class":58},[52,133070,121],{"class":66},[52,133072,35984],{"class":124},[52,133074,145],{"class":66},[52,133076,71],{"class":70},[52,133078,22207],{"class":74},[52,133080,71],{"class":70},[52,133082,151],{"class":66},[52,133084,133085,133087,133089,133091],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,133086,8423],{"class":141},[52,133088,145],{"class":66},[52,133090,65097],{"class":124},[52,133092,151],{"class":66},[52,133094,133095,133097,133099],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,133096,29968],{"class":163},[52,133098,42069],{"class":3251},[52,133100,6748],{"class":66},[52,133102,133103,133105,133107,133109,133112,133114],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,133104,8423],{"class":141},[52,133106,145],{"class":66},[52,133108,71],{"class":70},[52,133110,133111],{"class":74},"Substring not found",[52,133113,71],{"class":70},[52,133115,151],{"class":66},[20,133117,133118],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133120,42089,133121,121],{},[257,133122,25811,133124],{"href":133123},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133125,129477],{},[38,133127,133129,10931,133131],{"id":133128},"index-vs-find",[15,133130,59117],{},[15,133132,124501],{},[20,133134,133135,2218,133137,133139],{},[15,133136,59117],{},[15,133138,124501],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1335,133141,133142],{"id":35984},[15,133143,59117],{},[234,133145,133146,133149],{},[237,133147,133148],{},"Returns the first match position",[237,133150,133151],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[43,133153,133155],{"className":45,"code":133154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133156,133157,133169,133193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133158,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133160,34824],{"class":58},[52,133162,63],{"class":62},[52,133164,83],{"class":70},[52,133166,4201],{"class":74},[52,133168,3710],{"class":70},[52,133170,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133172,142],{"class":141},[52,133174,145],{"class":66},[52,133176,34845],{"class":124},[52,133178,121],{"class":66},[52,133180,35984],{"class":124},[52,133182,145],{"class":66},[52,133184,71],{"class":70},[52,133186,60597],{"class":74},[52,133188,71],{"class":70},[52,133190,5715],{"class":66},[52,133192,27912],{"class":4017},[52,133194,133195],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133196,133197],{"class":4017},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1335,133199,133200],{"id":128531},[15,133201,124501],{},[234,133203,133204,133206],{},[237,133205,133148],{},[237,133207,11763,133208,133210],{},[15,133209,66005],{}," if nothing is found",[43,133212,133214],{"className":45,"code":133213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133215,133216,133228,133252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133217,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133219,34824],{"class":58},[52,133221,63],{"class":62},[52,133223,83],{"class":70},[52,133225,4201],{"class":74},[52,133227,3710],{"class":70},[52,133229,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133231,142],{"class":141},[52,133233,145],{"class":66},[52,133235,34845],{"class":124},[52,133237,121],{"class":66},[52,133239,128531],{"class":124},[52,133241,145],{"class":66},[52,133243,71],{"class":70},[52,133245,60597],{"class":74},[52,133247,71],{"class":70},[52,133249,5715],{"class":66},[52,133251,27912],{"class":4017},[52,133253,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133255,142],{"class":141},[52,133257,145],{"class":66},[52,133259,34845],{"class":124},[52,133261,121],{"class":66},[52,133263,128531],{"class":124},[52,133265,145],{"class":66},[52,133267,71],{"class":70},[52,133269,22207],{"class":74},[52,133271,71],{"class":70},[52,133273,5715],{"class":66},[52,133275,128887],{"class":4017},[20,133277,222,133278,133280],{},[15,133279,59117],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133282,222,133283,133285],{},[15,133284,124501],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133287,133288,133289,261,133294,121],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[257,133290,133291,133293],{"href":130150},[15,133292,133022],{}," method reference",[257,133295,127542],{"href":133296},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[38,133298,2022],{"id":2021},[20,133300,133301,133302,80],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133303,59117],{},[234,133305,133306,133309,133316,133321,133326],{},[237,133307,133308],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[237,133310,8807,133311,8810,133313,133315],{},[15,133312,59117],{},[15,133314,66005],{}," when no match exists",[237,133317,1326,133318,133320],{},[15,133319,59117],{}," on a value that may not be present",[237,133322,133323,133324],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133325,3339],{},[237,133327,2040,133328,133330],{},[15,133329,59117],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133332,62445],{},[43,133334,133336],{"className":45,"code":133335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133337,133338,133348,133362,133384,133406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133339,133340,133342,133344,133346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133341,142],{"class":141},[52,133343,145],{"class":66},[52,133345,34845],{"class":124},[52,133347,151],{"class":66},[52,133349,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133351,142],{"class":141},[52,133353,145],{"class":66},[52,133355,41922],{"class":141},[52,133357,145],{"class":66},[52,133359,34845],{"class":124},[52,133361,2120],{"class":66},[52,133363,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133365,142],{"class":141},[52,133367,145],{"class":66},[52,133369,34845],{"class":124},[52,133371,121],{"class":66},[52,133373,35984],{"class":124},[52,133375,145],{"class":66},[52,133377,71],{"class":70},[52,133379,2823],{"class":74},[52,133381,71],{"class":70},[52,133383,2120],{"class":66},[52,133385,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,133387,142],{"class":141},[52,133389,145],{"class":66},[52,133391,34845],{"class":124},[52,133393,121],{"class":66},[52,133395,128531],{"class":124},[52,133397,145],{"class":66},[52,133399,71],{"class":70},[52,133401,2823],{"class":74},[52,133403,71],{"class":70},[52,133405,2120],{"class":66},[52,133407,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,133409,142],{"class":141},[52,133411,145],{"class":66},[52,133413,34845],{"class":124},[52,133415,121],{"class":66},[52,133417,35984],{"class":124},[52,133419,145],{"class":66},[52,133421,71],{"class":70},[52,133423,2823],{"class":74},[52,133425,71],{"class":70},[52,133427,91],{"class":66},[52,133429,36190],{"class":124},[52,133431,91],{"class":66},[52,133433,65191],{"class":124},[52,133435,2120],{"class":66},[20,133437,133438],{},"Tips:",[234,133440,133441,133446,133451,133454],{},[237,133442,222,133443,133445],{},[15,133444,126428],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[237,133447,222,133448,133450],{},[15,133449,124501],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[237,133452,133453],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[237,133455,133456,133457],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133458,2467],{},[38,133460,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,133462,130010,133464,13040],{"id":133463},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133465,59117],{},[20,133467,133468],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1335,133470,133472],{"id":133471},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133474,77009,133475,121],{},[15,133476,40846],{},[1335,133478,2215,133480,2218,133482,2221],{"id":133479},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133481,59117],{},[15,133483,124501],{},[20,133485,133486,133488,133489,2746,133491,6983],{},[15,133487,59117],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133490,124501],{},[15,133492,66005],{},[1335,133494,5523,133496,133498],{"id":133495},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133497,59117],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133500,133501],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1335,133503,133505,133506,124842],{"id":133504},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133507,59117],{},[20,133509,130035],{},[38,133511,2240],{"id":2239},[234,133513,133514,133520,133524,133529,133535],{},[237,133515,133516],{},[257,133517,133518,2264],{"href":130150},[15,133519,133022],{},[237,133521,133522],{},[257,133523,124905],{"href":133296},[237,133525,133526],{},[257,133527,130111],{"href":133528},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[237,133530,133531],{},[257,133532,133533,2264],{"href":124956},[15,133534,58739],{},[237,133536,133537],{},[257,133538,30481,133539],{"href":133123},[15,133540,129477],{},[2278,133542,133543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":133545},[133546,133547,133549,133550,133551,133552,133554,133559,133560,133571],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":132182,"depth":110,"text":133548},"What str.index() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":38160,"depth":110,"text":38161},{"id":65557,"depth":110,"text":66340},{"id":132944,"depth":110,"text":133553},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133128,"depth":110,"text":133555,"children":133556},"index() vs find()",[133557,133558],{"id":35984,"depth":131,"text":59117},{"id":128531,"depth":131,"text":124501},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":133561},[133562,133564,133565,133567,133569],{"id":133463,"depth":131,"text":133563},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133471,"depth":131,"text":133472},{"id":133479,"depth":131,"text":133566},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133495,"depth":131,"text":133568},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133504,"depth":131,"text":133570},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132091,"description":133572},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133579,"title":133580,"body":133581,"description":136356,"extension":2310,"meta":136357,"navigation":134,"path":136358,"seo":136359,"stem":136360,"__hash__":136361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133582,"toc":136292},[133583,133589,133594,133597,133600,133611,133613,133682,133684,133698,133703,133708,133713,133715,133758,133760,133843,133845,133891,133897,133899,133901,133921,133923,133946,133948,134022,134024,134043,134048,134050,134054,134126,134128,134142,134146,134222,134224,134243,134247,134341,134343,134352,134359,134435,134437,134455,134459,134462,134469,134518,134520,134529,134536,134595,134597,134615,134618,134625,134684,134686,134704,134711,134768,134770,134779,134783,134788,134792,134851,134853,134871,134875,134922,134927,134930,134999,135001,135018,135025,135031,135086,135091,135094,135171,135173,135191,135197,135203,135263,135265,135284,135290,135293,135300,135353,135358,135360,135421,135430,135437,135439,135496,135501,135503,135574,135578,135633,135635,135644,135649,135655,135724,135726,135758,135764,135772,135779,135785,135850,135852,135861,135867,135948,135950,135959,135964,135978,135985,135989,135994,136022,136024,136157,136160,136197,136199,136205,136214,136219,136222,136227,136232,136238,136241,136250,136253,136255,136284,136289],[10,133584,123506,133586,18],{"id":133585},"python-string-join-method",[15,133587,133588],{},"join()",[20,133590,123511,133591,133593],{},[15,133592,133588],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133595,133596],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133598,133599],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[234,133601,133602,133608],{},[237,133603,133604,133605,133607],{},"You call ",[15,133606,133588],{}," on the separator string",[237,133609,133610],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[38,133612,3961],{"id":3960},[43,133614,133616],{"className":45,"code":133615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133617,133618,133651,133672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133619,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133647,133649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133621,4423],{"class":58},[52,133623,63],{"class":62},[52,133625,755],{"class":66},[52,133627,71],{"class":70},[52,133629,7650],{"class":74},[52,133631,71],{"class":70},[52,133633,91],{"class":66},[52,133635,83],{"class":70},[52,133637,164],{"class":74},[52,133639,71],{"class":70},[52,133641,91],{"class":66},[52,133643,83],{"class":70},[52,133645,133646],{"class":74},"fun",[52,133648,71],{"class":70},[52,133650,766],{"class":66},[52,133652,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133666,133668,133670],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133654,2577],{"class":58},[52,133656,63],{"class":62},[52,133658,83],{"class":70},[52,133660,83],{"class":70},[52,133662,121],{"class":66},[52,133664,133665],{"class":124},"join",[52,133667,145],{"class":66},[52,133669,4467],{"class":124},[52,133671,151],{"class":66},[52,133673,133674,133676,133678,133680],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133675,142],{"class":141},[52,133677,145],{"class":66},[52,133679,2612],{"class":124},[52,133681,151],{"class":66},[20,133683,173],{},[43,133685,133687],{"className":45,"code":133686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is fun\n",[15,133688,133689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133690,133691,133693,133695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133692,3928],{"class":58},[52,133694,164],{"class":62},[52,133696,133697],{"class":58}," fun\n",[20,133699,222,133700,133702],{},[15,133701,133588],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[38,133704,4031,133706,4034],{"id":133705},"what-join-does",[15,133707,133588],{},[20,133709,133710,133712],{},[15,133711,133588],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133714,11798],{},[234,133716,133717,133724,133752,133755],{},[237,133718,133719,133720,133723],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133721,133722],{},".join()"," as the separator",[237,133725,133726,133727],{},"Common separators are:\n",[234,133728,133729,133735,133741,133747],{},[237,133730,133731,133734],{},[15,133732,133733],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[237,133736,133737,133740],{},[15,133738,133739],{},"\", \""," for commas",[237,133742,133743,133746],{},[15,133744,133745],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[237,133748,133749,133751],{},[15,133750,6626],{}," for no separator",[237,133753,133754],{},"It returns a new string",[237,133756,133757],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133759,309],{},[43,133761,133763],{"className":45,"code":133762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133764,133765,133797,133819,133823,133833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133766,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133768,4423],{"class":58},[52,133770,63],{"class":62},[52,133772,755],{"class":66},[52,133774,71],{"class":70},[52,133776,336],{"class":74},[52,133778,71],{"class":70},[52,133780,91],{"class":66},[52,133782,83],{"class":70},[52,133784,17583],{"class":74},[52,133786,71],{"class":70},[52,133788,91],{"class":66},[52,133790,83],{"class":70},[52,133792,354],{"class":74},[52,133794,71],{"class":70},[52,133796,766],{"class":66},[52,133798,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133800,2577],{"class":58},[52,133802,63],{"class":62},[52,133804,83],{"class":70},[52,133806,2536],{"class":74},[52,133808,71],{"class":70},[52,133810,121],{"class":66},[52,133812,133665],{"class":124},[52,133814,145],{"class":66},[52,133816,4467],{"class":124},[52,133818,151],{"class":66},[52,133820,133821],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133822,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,133824,133825,133827,133829,133831],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,133826,142],{"class":141},[52,133828,145],{"class":66},[52,133830,2612],{"class":124},[52,133832,151],{"class":66},[52,133834,133835,133837,133839,133841],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,133836,142],{"class":141},[52,133838,145],{"class":66},[52,133840,4467],{"class":124},[52,133842,151],{"class":66},[20,133844,173],{},[43,133846,133848],{"className":45,"code":133847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133849,133850,133863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133851,133852,133854,133856,133859,133861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133853,336],{"class":58},[52,133855,91],{"class":66},[52,133857,133858],{"class":58}," green",[52,133860,91],{"class":66},[52,133862,36019],{"class":58},[52,133864,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133866,513],{"class":66},[52,133868,186],{"class":70},[52,133870,336],{"class":74},[52,133872,186],{"class":70},[52,133874,91],{"class":66},[52,133876,195],{"class":70},[52,133878,17583],{"class":74},[52,133880,186],{"class":70},[52,133882,91],{"class":66},[52,133884,195],{"class":70},[52,133886,354],{"class":74},[52,133888,186],{"class":70},[52,133890,766],{"class":66},[20,133892,133893,133894,133896],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133895,133588],{}," creates a new string.",[38,133898,269],{"id":268},[20,133900,7571],{},[43,133902,133904],{"className":45,"code":133903,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133905,133906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133907,133908,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133909,133910],{"class":58},"separator",[52,133912,121],{"class":66},[52,133914,133665],{"class":124},[52,133916,145],{"class":66},[52,133918,4075],{"class":124},[52,133920,151],{"class":66},[1335,133922,49156],{"id":49155},[234,133924,133925,133938,133943],{},[237,133926,133927,133929,133930,2536,133932,2536,133934,2540,133936],{},[15,133928,133910],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133931,133733],{},[15,133933,133739],{},[15,133935,133745],{},[15,133937,6626],{},[237,133939,133940,133942],{},[15,133941,4075],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[237,133944,133945],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133947,309],{},[43,133949,133951],{"className":45,"code":133950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133952,133953,133985,134008,134012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133954,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133956,5347],{"class":58},[52,133958,63],{"class":62},[52,133960,755],{"class":66},[52,133962,71],{"class":70},[52,133964,86],{"class":74},[52,133966,71],{"class":70},[52,133968,91],{"class":66},[52,133970,83],{"class":70},[52,133972,36079],{"class":74},[52,133974,71],{"class":70},[52,133976,91],{"class":66},[52,133978,83],{"class":70},[52,133980,36088],{"class":74},[52,133982,71],{"class":70},[52,133984,766],{"class":66},[52,133986,133987,133989,133991,133993,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,133988,2577],{"class":58},[52,133990,63],{"class":62},[52,133992,83],{"class":70},[52,133994,133995],{"class":74}," | ",[52,133997,71],{"class":70},[52,133999,121],{"class":66},[52,134001,133665],{"class":124},[52,134003,145],{"class":66},[52,134005,5391],{"class":124},[52,134007,151],{"class":66},[52,134009,134010],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134011,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,134013,134014,134016,134018,134020],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,134015,142],{"class":141},[52,134017,145],{"class":66},[52,134019,2612],{"class":124},[52,134021,151],{"class":66},[20,134023,173],{},[43,134025,134027],{"className":45,"code":134026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134028,134029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134030,134031,134034,134036,134039,134041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134032,134033],{"class":58},"Ana ",[52,134035,114013],{"class":62},[52,134037,134038],{"class":58}," Ben ",[52,134040,114013],{"class":62},[52,134042,36160],{"class":58},[20,134044,134045,134046,121],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[257,134047,125261],{"href":51122},[38,134049,122037],{"id":122036},[1335,134051,134053],{"id":134052},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[43,134055,134057],{"className":45,"code":134056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134058,134059,134092,134112,134116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134060,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134088,134090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134062,4423],{"class":58},[52,134064,63],{"class":62},[52,134066,755],{"class":66},[52,134068,71],{"class":70},[52,134070,7650],{"class":74},[52,134072,71],{"class":70},[52,134074,91],{"class":66},[52,134076,83],{"class":70},[52,134078,164],{"class":74},[52,134080,71],{"class":70},[52,134082,91],{"class":66},[52,134084,83],{"class":70},[52,134086,134087],{"class":74},"easy",[52,134089,71],{"class":70},[52,134091,766],{"class":66},[52,134093,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134095,2577],{"class":58},[52,134097,63],{"class":62},[52,134099,83],{"class":70},[52,134101,83],{"class":70},[52,134103,121],{"class":66},[52,134105,133665],{"class":124},[52,134107,145],{"class":66},[52,134109,4467],{"class":124},[52,134111,151],{"class":66},[52,134113,134114],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134115,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,134117,134118,134120,134122,134124],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,134119,142],{"class":141},[52,134121,145],{"class":66},[52,134123,2612],{"class":124},[52,134125,151],{"class":66},[20,134127,173],{},[43,134129,134131],{"className":45,"code":134130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is easy\n",[15,134132,134133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134134,134135,134137,134139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134136,3928],{"class":58},[52,134138,164],{"class":62},[52,134140,134141],{"class":58}," easy\n",[1335,134143,134145],{"id":134144},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[43,134147,134149],{"className":45,"code":134148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134150,134151,134186,134208,134212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134152,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134164,134166,134168,134170,134173,134175,134177,134179,134182,134184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134154,8133],{"class":58},[52,134156,63],{"class":62},[52,134158,755],{"class":66},[52,134160,71],{"class":70},[52,134162,134163],{"class":74},"apples",[52,134165,71],{"class":70},[52,134167,91],{"class":66},[52,134169,83],{"class":70},[52,134171,134172],{"class":74},"bananas",[52,134174,71],{"class":70},[52,134176,91],{"class":66},[52,134178,83],{"class":70},[52,134180,134181],{"class":74},"oranges",[52,134183,71],{"class":70},[52,134185,766],{"class":66},[52,134187,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134189,2577],{"class":58},[52,134191,63],{"class":62},[52,134193,83],{"class":70},[52,134195,2536],{"class":74},[52,134197,71],{"class":70},[52,134199,121],{"class":66},[52,134201,133665],{"class":124},[52,134203,145],{"class":66},[52,134205,8163],{"class":124},[52,134207,151],{"class":66},[52,134209,134210],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134211,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,134213,134214,134216,134218,134220],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,134215,142],{"class":141},[52,134217,145],{"class":66},[52,134219,2612],{"class":124},[52,134221,151],{"class":66},[20,134223,173],{},[43,134225,134227],{"className":45,"code":134226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134228,134229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134230,134231,134233,134235,134238,134240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134232,134163],{"class":58},[52,134234,91],{"class":66},[52,134236,134237],{"class":58}," bananas",[52,134239,91],{"class":66},[52,134241,134242],{"class":58}," oranges\n",[1335,134244,134246],{"id":134245},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[43,134248,134250],{"className":45,"code":134249,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134251,134252,134309,134327,134331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134253,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134255,36229],{"class":58},[52,134257,63],{"class":62},[52,134259,755],{"class":66},[52,134261,71],{"class":70},[52,134263,134264],{"class":74},"P",[52,134266,71],{"class":70},[52,134268,91],{"class":66},[52,134270,83],{"class":70},[52,134272,1371],{"class":74},[52,134274,71],{"class":70},[52,134276,91],{"class":66},[52,134278,83],{"class":70},[52,134280,63437],{"class":74},[52,134282,71],{"class":70},[52,134284,91],{"class":66},[52,134286,83],{"class":70},[52,134288,60588],{"class":74},[52,134290,71],{"class":70},[52,134292,91],{"class":66},[52,134294,83],{"class":70},[52,134296,60623],{"class":74},[52,134298,71],{"class":70},[52,134300,91],{"class":66},[52,134302,83],{"class":70},[52,134304,76181],{"class":74},[52,134306,71],{"class":70},[52,134308,766],{"class":66},[52,134310,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134312,2577],{"class":58},[52,134314,63],{"class":62},[52,134316,6480],{"class":70},[52,134318,121],{"class":66},[52,134320,133665],{"class":124},[52,134322,145],{"class":66},[52,134324,36282],{"class":124},[52,134326,151],{"class":66},[52,134328,134329],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134330,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,134332,134333,134335,134337,134339],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,134334,142],{"class":141},[52,134336,145],{"class":66},[52,134338,2612],{"class":124},[52,134340,151],{"class":66},[20,134342,173],{},[43,134344,134346],{"className":45,"code":134345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python\n",[15,134347,134348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134349,134350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134351,134345],{"class":58},[1335,134353,134355,134356,134358],{"id":134354},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134357,133588],{}," returns the result",[43,134360,134362],{"className":45,"code":134361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134363,134364,134397,134420,134424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134365,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134393,134395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134367,4423],{"class":58},[52,134369,63],{"class":62},[52,134371,755],{"class":66},[52,134373,71],{"class":70},[52,134375,6937],{"class":74},[52,134377,71],{"class":70},[52,134379,91],{"class":66},[52,134381,83],{"class":70},[52,134383,79422],{"class":74},[52,134385,71],{"class":70},[52,134387,91],{"class":66},[52,134389,83],{"class":70},[52,134391,134392],{"class":74},"three",[52,134394,71],{"class":70},[52,134396,766],{"class":66},[52,134398,134399,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134400,134401],{"class":58},"joined_text ",[52,134403,63],{"class":62},[52,134405,83],{"class":70},[52,134407,2369],{"class":74},[52,134409,71],{"class":70},[52,134411,121],{"class":66},[52,134413,133665],{"class":124},[52,134415,145],{"class":66},[52,134417,4467],{"class":124},[52,134419,151],{"class":66},[52,134421,134422],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134423,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,134425,134426,134428,134430,134433],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,134427,142],{"class":141},[52,134429,145],{"class":66},[52,134431,134432],{"class":124},"joined_text",[52,134434,151],{"class":66},[20,134436,173],{},[43,134438,134440],{"className":45,"code":134439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one-two-three\n",[15,134441,134442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134443,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134445,6937],{"class":58},[52,134447,2369],{"class":62},[52,134449,79422],{"class":58},[52,134451,2369],{"class":62},[52,134453,134454],{"class":58},"three\n",[38,134456,134458],{"id":134457},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134460,134461],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1335,134463,134465,134468],{"id":134464},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134466,134467],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[43,134470,134472],{"className":45,"code":134471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134473,134474,134498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134475,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134477,4423],{"class":58},[52,134479,63],{"class":62},[52,134481,755],{"class":66},[52,134483,71],{"class":70},[52,134485,4201],{"class":74},[52,134487,71],{"class":70},[52,134489,91],{"class":66},[52,134491,83],{"class":70},[52,134493,60741],{"class":74},[52,134495,71],{"class":70},[52,134497,766],{"class":66},[52,134499,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134501,142],{"class":141},[52,134503,145],{"class":66},[52,134505,71],{"class":70},[52,134507,83],{"class":70},[52,134509,121],{"class":66},[52,134511,133665],{"class":124},[52,134513,145],{"class":66},[52,134515,4467],{"class":124},[52,134517,2120],{"class":66},[20,134519,173],{},[43,134521,134523],{"className":45,"code":134522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n",[15,134524,134525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134526,134527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134528,134522],{"class":58},[1335,134530,134532,134535],{"id":134531},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134533,134534],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[43,134537,134539],{"className":45,"code":134538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134540,134541,134573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134542,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134544,319],{"class":58},[52,134546,63],{"class":62},[52,134548,755],{"class":66},[52,134550,71],{"class":70},[52,134552,336],{"class":74},[52,134554,71],{"class":70},[52,134556,91],{"class":66},[52,134558,83],{"class":70},[52,134560,354],{"class":74},[52,134562,71],{"class":70},[52,134564,91],{"class":66},[52,134566,83],{"class":70},[52,134568,17583],{"class":74},[52,134570,71],{"class":70},[52,134572,766],{"class":66},[52,134574,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134576,142],{"class":141},[52,134578,145],{"class":66},[52,134580,71],{"class":70},[52,134582,2536],{"class":74},[52,134584,71],{"class":70},[52,134586,121],{"class":66},[52,134588,133665],{"class":124},[52,134590,145],{"class":66},[52,134592,17630],{"class":124},[52,134594,2120],{"class":66},[20,134596,173],{},[43,134598,134600],{"className":45,"code":134599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134601,134602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134603,134604,134606,134608,134611,134613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134605,336],{"class":58},[52,134607,91],{"class":66},[52,134609,134610],{"class":58}," blue",[52,134612,91],{"class":66},[52,134614,36012],{"class":58},[20,134616,134617],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1335,134619,134621,134624],{"id":134620},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134622,134623],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[43,134626,134628],{"className":45,"code":134627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134629,134630,134662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134631,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134633,42980],{"class":58},[52,134635,63],{"class":62},[52,134637,755],{"class":66},[52,134639,71],{"class":70},[52,134641,47],{"class":74},[52,134643,71],{"class":70},[52,134645,91],{"class":66},[52,134647,83],{"class":70},[52,134649,61324],{"class":74},[52,134651,71],{"class":70},[52,134653,91],{"class":66},[52,134655,83],{"class":70},[52,134657,133665],{"class":74},[52,134659,71],{"class":70},[52,134661,766],{"class":66},[52,134663,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134665,142],{"class":141},[52,134667,145],{"class":66},[52,134669,71],{"class":70},[52,134671,2369],{"class":74},[52,134673,71],{"class":70},[52,134675,121],{"class":66},[52,134677,133665],{"class":124},[52,134679,145],{"class":66},[52,134681,43012],{"class":124},[52,134683,2120],{"class":66},[20,134685,173],{},[43,134687,134689],{"className":45,"code":134688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python-string-join\n",[15,134690,134691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134692,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134694,47],{"class":58},[52,134696,2369],{"class":62},[52,134698,61324],{"class":58},[52,134700,2369],{"class":62},[52,134702,134703],{"class":58},"join\n",[1335,134705,134707,134710],{"id":134706},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134708,134709],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[43,134712,134714],{"className":45,"code":134713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134715,134716,134749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134717,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134745,134747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134719,113085],{"class":58},[52,134721,63],{"class":62},[52,134723,755],{"class":66},[52,134725,71],{"class":70},[52,134727,22375],{"class":74},[52,134729,71],{"class":70},[52,134731,91],{"class":66},[52,134733,83],{"class":70},[52,134735,30734],{"class":74},[52,134737,71],{"class":70},[52,134739,91],{"class":66},[52,134741,83],{"class":70},[52,134743,134744],{"class":74},"C",[52,134746,71],{"class":70},[52,134748,766],{"class":66},[52,134750,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134766],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134752,142],{"class":141},[52,134754,145],{"class":66},[52,134756,6626],{"class":70},[52,134758,121],{"class":66},[52,134760,133665],{"class":124},[52,134762,145],{"class":66},[52,134764,134765],{"class":124},"chars",[52,134767,2120],{"class":66},[20,134769,173],{},[43,134771,134773],{"className":45,"code":134772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ABC\n",[15,134774,134775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134776,134777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134778,134772],{"class":34589},[38,134780,134782],{"id":134781},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134784,134785,134787],{},[15,134786,133588],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1335,134789,134791],{"id":134790},"this-works","This works",[43,134793,134795],{"className":45,"code":134794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134796,134797,134829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134798,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134800,4178],{"class":58},[52,134802,63],{"class":62},[52,134804,755],{"class":66},[52,134806,71],{"class":70},[52,134808,2679],{"class":74},[52,134810,71],{"class":70},[52,134812,91],{"class":66},[52,134814,83],{"class":70},[52,134816,15880],{"class":74},[52,134818,71],{"class":70},[52,134820,91],{"class":66},[52,134822,83],{"class":70},[52,134824,36981],{"class":74},[52,134826,71],{"class":70},[52,134828,766],{"class":66},[52,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134832,142],{"class":141},[52,134834,145],{"class":66},[52,134836,71],{"class":70},[52,134838,2536],{"class":74},[52,134840,71],{"class":70},[52,134842,121],{"class":66},[52,134844,133665],{"class":124},[52,134846,145],{"class":66},[52,134848,5712],{"class":124},[52,134850,2120],{"class":66},[20,134852,173],{},[43,134854,134856],{"className":45,"code":134855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134857,134858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134859,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134861,2679],{"class":103},[52,134863,91],{"class":66},[52,134865,104],{"class":103},[52,134867,91],{"class":66},[52,134869,134870],{"class":103}," 30\n",[1335,134872,134874],{"id":134873},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[43,134876,134878],{"className":45,"code":134877,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134879,134880,134900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134881,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134883,4178],{"class":58},[52,134885,63],{"class":62},[52,134887,755],{"class":66},[52,134889,3339],{"class":103},[52,134891,91],{"class":66},[52,134893,1378],{"class":103},[52,134895,91],{"class":66},[52,134897,2801],{"class":103},[52,134899,766],{"class":66},[52,134901,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134903,142],{"class":141},[52,134905,145],{"class":66},[52,134907,71],{"class":70},[52,134909,2536],{"class":74},[52,134911,71],{"class":70},[52,134913,121],{"class":66},[52,134915,133665],{"class":124},[52,134917,145],{"class":66},[52,134919,5712],{"class":124},[52,134921,2120],{"class":66},[20,134923,90462,134924,134926],{},[15,134925,3355],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134928,134929],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[43,134931,134933],{"className":45,"code":134932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134934,134935,134955,134985,134989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134936,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134938,4178],{"class":58},[52,134940,63],{"class":62},[52,134942,755],{"class":66},[52,134944,3339],{"class":103},[52,134946,91],{"class":66},[52,134948,1378],{"class":103},[52,134950,91],{"class":66},[52,134952,2801],{"class":103},[52,134954,766],{"class":66},[52,134956,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,134958,2577],{"class":58},[52,134960,63],{"class":62},[52,134962,83],{"class":70},[52,134964,2536],{"class":74},[52,134966,71],{"class":70},[52,134968,121],{"class":66},[52,134970,133665],{"class":124},[52,134972,145],{"class":66},[52,134974,40001],{"class":141},[52,134976,145],{"class":66},[52,134978,3795],{"class":3251},[52,134980,91],{"class":66},[52,134982,4241],{"class":124},[52,134984,2120],{"class":66},[52,134986,134987],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134988,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,134990,134991,134993,134995,134997],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,134992,142],{"class":141},[52,134994,145],{"class":66},[52,134996,2612],{"class":124},[52,134998,151],{"class":66},[20,135000,173],{},[43,135002,135004],{"className":45,"code":135003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135005,135006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135007,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135009,3339],{"class":103},[52,135011,91],{"class":66},[52,135013,1378],{"class":103},[52,135015,91],{"class":66},[52,135017,2928],{"class":103},[20,135019,135020,135021,121],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[257,135022,3928,135023,3861],{"href":42318},[15,135024,47829],{},[1335,135026,135028,135030],{"id":135027},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135029,4133],{}," values do not work directly",[43,135032,135034],{"className":45,"code":135033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135035,135036,135064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135037,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135039,4178],{"class":58},[52,135041,63],{"class":62},[52,135043,755],{"class":66},[52,135045,71],{"class":70},[52,135047,4432],{"class":74},[52,135049,71],{"class":70},[52,135051,91],{"class":66},[52,135053,4208],{"class":218},[52,135055,91],{"class":66},[52,135057,83],{"class":70},[52,135059,4441],{"class":74},[52,135061,71],{"class":70},[52,135063,766],{"class":66},[52,135065,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135067,142],{"class":141},[52,135069,145],{"class":66},[52,135071,71],{"class":70},[52,135073,2536],{"class":74},[52,135075,71],{"class":70},[52,135077,121],{"class":66},[52,135079,133665],{"class":124},[52,135081,145],{"class":66},[52,135083,5712],{"class":124},[52,135085,2120],{"class":66},[20,135087,135088,135089,121],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135090,3355],{},[20,135092,135093],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[43,135095,135097],{"className":45,"code":135096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135098,135099,135127,135157,135161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135100,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135102,4178],{"class":58},[52,135104,63],{"class":62},[52,135106,755],{"class":66},[52,135108,71],{"class":70},[52,135110,4432],{"class":74},[52,135112,71],{"class":70},[52,135114,91],{"class":66},[52,135116,4208],{"class":218},[52,135118,91],{"class":66},[52,135120,83],{"class":70},[52,135122,4441],{"class":74},[52,135124,71],{"class":70},[52,135126,766],{"class":66},[52,135128,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135130,2577],{"class":58},[52,135132,63],{"class":62},[52,135134,83],{"class":70},[52,135136,2536],{"class":74},[52,135138,71],{"class":70},[52,135140,121],{"class":66},[52,135142,133665],{"class":124},[52,135144,145],{"class":66},[52,135146,40001],{"class":141},[52,135148,145],{"class":66},[52,135150,3795],{"class":3251},[52,135152,91],{"class":66},[52,135154,4241],{"class":124},[52,135156,2120],{"class":66},[52,135158,135159],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135160,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,135162,135163,135165,135167,135169],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,135164,142],{"class":141},[52,135166,145],{"class":66},[52,135168,2612],{"class":124},[52,135170,151],{"class":66},[20,135172,173],{},[43,135174,135176],{"className":45,"code":135175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135177,135178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135179,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135181,4432],{"class":58},[52,135183,91],{"class":66},[52,135185,4208],{"class":218},[52,135187,91],{"class":66},[52,135189,135190],{"class":58}," banana\n",[20,135192,135193,135194,135196],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135195,4133],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1335,135198,135200,135202],{"id":135199},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135201,133588],{}," also works with tuples",[43,135204,135206],{"className":45,"code":135205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135207,135208,135240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135209,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135211,5347],{"class":58},[52,135213,63],{"class":62},[52,135215,9588],{"class":66},[52,135217,71],{"class":70},[52,135219,8030],{"class":74},[52,135221,71],{"class":70},[52,135223,91],{"class":66},[52,135225,83],{"class":70},[52,135227,131594],{"class":74},[52,135229,71],{"class":70},[52,135231,91],{"class":66},[52,135233,83],{"class":70},[52,135235,8275],{"class":74},[52,135237,71],{"class":70},[52,135239,151],{"class":66},[52,135241,135242,135244,135246,135248,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135243,142],{"class":141},[52,135245,145],{"class":66},[52,135247,71],{"class":70},[52,135249,135250],{"class":74}," \u002F ",[52,135252,71],{"class":70},[52,135254,121],{"class":66},[52,135256,133665],{"class":124},[52,135258,145],{"class":66},[52,135260,5391],{"class":124},[52,135262,2120],{"class":66},[20,135264,173],{},[43,135266,135268],{"className":45,"code":135267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135269,135270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135271,135272,135275,135277,135280,135282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135273,135274],{"class":58},"Sam ",[52,135276,127398],{"class":62},[52,135278,135279],{"class":58}," Lee ",[52,135281,127398],{"class":62},[52,135283,22464],{"class":58},[38,135285,135287,135288],{"id":135286},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135289,133588],{},[20,135291,135292],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1335,135294,135296,135297,135299],{"id":135295},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135298,3355],{}," because not all items are strings",[43,135301,135303],{"className":45,"code":135302,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135304,135305,135333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135306,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135308,8133],{"class":58},[52,135310,63],{"class":62},[52,135312,755],{"class":66},[52,135314,71],{"class":70},[52,135316,257],{"class":74},[52,135318,71],{"class":70},[52,135320,91],{"class":66},[52,135322,1378],{"class":103},[52,135324,91],{"class":66},[52,135326,83],{"class":70},[52,135328,10087],{"class":74},[52,135330,71],{"class":70},[52,135332,766],{"class":66},[52,135334,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135336,142],{"class":141},[52,135338,145],{"class":66},[52,135340,71],{"class":70},[52,135342,83],{"class":70},[52,135344,121],{"class":66},[52,135346,133665],{"class":124},[52,135348,145],{"class":66},[52,135350,8163],{"class":124},[52,135352,2120],{"class":66},[20,135354,48656,135355,135357],{},[15,135356,2404],{}," is an integer.",[20,135359,39403],{},[43,135361,135363],{"className":45,"code":135362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135364,135365,135393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135366,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135368,8133],{"class":58},[52,135370,63],{"class":62},[52,135372,755],{"class":66},[52,135374,71],{"class":70},[52,135376,257],{"class":74},[52,135378,71],{"class":70},[52,135380,91],{"class":66},[52,135382,1378],{"class":103},[52,135384,91],{"class":66},[52,135386,83],{"class":70},[52,135388,10087],{"class":74},[52,135390,71],{"class":70},[52,135392,766],{"class":66},[52,135394,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135396,142],{"class":141},[52,135398,145],{"class":66},[52,135400,71],{"class":70},[52,135402,83],{"class":70},[52,135404,121],{"class":66},[52,135406,133665],{"class":124},[52,135408,145],{"class":66},[52,135410,40001],{"class":141},[52,135412,145],{"class":66},[52,135414,3795],{"class":3251},[52,135416,91],{"class":66},[52,135418,6320],{"class":124},[52,135420,3262],{"class":66},[20,135422,135423,135424,121],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[257,135425,25811,135427],{"href":135426},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135428,135429],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1335,135431,135433,135434,135436],{"id":135432},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135435,133588],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135438,4880],{},[43,135440,135442],{"className":45,"code":135441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135443,135444,135476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135445,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135447,4423],{"class":58},[52,135449,63],{"class":62},[52,135451,755],{"class":66},[52,135453,71],{"class":70},[52,135455,7650],{"class":74},[52,135457,71],{"class":70},[52,135459,91],{"class":66},[52,135461,83],{"class":70},[52,135463,164],{"class":74},[52,135465,71],{"class":70},[52,135467,91],{"class":66},[52,135469,83],{"class":70},[52,135471,133646],{"class":74},[52,135473,71],{"class":70},[52,135475,766],{"class":66},[52,135477,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135479,2577],{"class":58},[52,135481,63],{"class":62},[52,135483,6522],{"class":58},[52,135485,121],{"class":66},[52,135487,133665],{"class":124},[52,135489,145],{"class":66},[52,135491,71],{"class":70},[52,135493,83],{"class":70},[52,135495,151],{"class":66},[20,135497,135498,135500],{},[15,135499,133588],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135502,11151],{},[43,135504,135506],{"className":45,"code":135505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135507,135508,135540,135560,135564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135509,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135511,4423],{"class":58},[52,135513,63],{"class":62},[52,135515,755],{"class":66},[52,135517,71],{"class":70},[52,135519,7650],{"class":74},[52,135521,71],{"class":70},[52,135523,91],{"class":66},[52,135525,83],{"class":70},[52,135527,164],{"class":74},[52,135529,71],{"class":70},[52,135531,91],{"class":66},[52,135533,83],{"class":70},[52,135535,133646],{"class":74},[52,135537,71],{"class":70},[52,135539,766],{"class":66},[52,135541,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135543,2577],{"class":58},[52,135545,63],{"class":62},[52,135547,83],{"class":70},[52,135549,83],{"class":70},[52,135551,121],{"class":66},[52,135553,133665],{"class":124},[52,135555,145],{"class":66},[52,135557,4467],{"class":124},[52,135559,151],{"class":66},[52,135561,135562],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135563,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,135565,135566,135568,135570,135572],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,135567,142],{"class":141},[52,135569,145],{"class":66},[52,135571,2612],{"class":124},[52,135573,151],{"class":66},[1335,135575,135577],{"id":135576},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[43,135579,135581],{"className":45,"code":135580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135582,135583,135615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135584,135585,135587,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135586,4423],{"class":58},[52,135588,63],{"class":62},[52,135590,755],{"class":66},[52,135592,71],{"class":70},[52,135594,6937],{"class":74},[52,135596,71],{"class":70},[52,135598,91],{"class":66},[52,135600,83],{"class":70},[52,135602,79422],{"class":74},[52,135604,71],{"class":70},[52,135606,91],{"class":66},[52,135608,83],{"class":70},[52,135610,134392],{"class":74},[52,135612,71],{"class":70},[52,135614,766],{"class":66},[52,135616,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629,135631],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135618,142],{"class":141},[52,135620,145],{"class":66},[52,135622,6626],{"class":70},[52,135624,121],{"class":66},[52,135626,133665],{"class":124},[52,135628,145],{"class":66},[52,135630,4467],{"class":124},[52,135632,2120],{"class":66},[20,135634,173],{},[43,135636,135638],{"className":45,"code":135637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"onetwothree\n",[15,135639,135640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135641,135642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135643,135637],{"class":58},[20,135645,135646,135647,6983],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135648,133733],{},[1335,135650,135652,135653,131856],{"id":135651},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135654,133588],{},[43,135656,135658],{"className":45,"code":135657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135659,135660,135692,135710,135714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135663,4423],{"class":58},[52,135665,63],{"class":62},[52,135667,755],{"class":66},[52,135669,71],{"class":70},[52,135671,257],{"class":74},[52,135673,71],{"class":70},[52,135675,91],{"class":66},[52,135677,83],{"class":70},[52,135679,345],{"class":74},[52,135681,71],{"class":70},[52,135683,91],{"class":66},[52,135685,83],{"class":70},[52,135687,10087],{"class":74},[52,135689,71],{"class":70},[52,135691,766],{"class":66},[52,135693,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135695,71],{"class":43472},[52,135697,2369],{"class":43476},[52,135699,71],{"class":43472},[52,135701,121],{"class":66},[52,135703,133665],{"class":124},[52,135705,145],{"class":66},[52,135707,4467],{"class":124},[52,135709,151],{"class":66},[52,135711,135712],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135713,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,135715,135716,135718,135720,135722],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,135717,142],{"class":141},[52,135719,145],{"class":66},[52,135721,4467],{"class":124},[52,135723,151],{"class":66},[20,135725,173],{},[43,135727,135728],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,135729,135730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135731,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135733,513],{"class":66},[52,135735,186],{"class":70},[52,135737,257],{"class":74},[52,135739,186],{"class":70},[52,135741,91],{"class":66},[52,135743,195],{"class":70},[52,135745,345],{"class":74},[52,135747,186],{"class":70},[52,135749,91],{"class":66},[52,135751,195],{"class":70},[52,135753,10087],{"class":74},[52,135755,186],{"class":70},[52,135757,766],{"class":66},[20,135759,135760,135761,135763],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135762,133588],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[38,135765,135767,135769,135770],{"id":135766},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135768,133588],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135771,2407],{},[20,135773,10936,135774,2218,135776,135778],{},[15,135775,133588],{},[15,135777,2407],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1335,135780,222,135782,135784],{"id":135781},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135783,2407],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[43,135786,135788],{"className":45,"code":135787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135789,135790,135803,135816,135836,135840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135791,135792,135795,135797,135799,135801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135793,135794],{"class":58},"first ",[52,135796,63],{"class":62},[52,135798,83],{"class":70},[52,135800,35004],{"class":74},[52,135802,3710],{"class":70},[52,135804,135805,135808,135810,135812,135814],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135806,135807],{"class":58},"second ",[52,135809,63],{"class":62},[52,135811,83],{"class":70},[52,135813,89891],{"class":74},[52,135815,3710],{"class":70},[52,135817,135818,135820,135822,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135819,2577],{"class":58},[52,135821,63],{"class":62},[52,135823,135824],{"class":58}," first ",[52,135826,2407],{"class":62},[52,135828,83],{"class":70},[52,135830,83],{"class":70},[52,135832,2804],{"class":62},[52,135834,135835],{"class":58}," second\n",[52,135837,135838],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,135839,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,135841,135842,135844,135846,135848],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,135843,142],{"class":141},[52,135845,145],{"class":66},[52,135847,2612],{"class":124},[52,135849,151],{"class":66},[20,135851,173],{},[43,135853,135855],{"className":45,"code":135854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello World\n",[15,135856,135857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135858,135859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135860,135854],{"class":58},[1335,135862,222,135864,135866],{"id":135863},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135865,133588],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[43,135868,135870],{"className":45,"code":135869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135871,135872,135914,135934,135938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135873,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135893,135895,135897,135899,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135875,4423],{"class":58},[52,135877,63],{"class":62},[52,135879,755],{"class":66},[52,135881,71],{"class":70},[52,135883,7650],{"class":74},[52,135885,71],{"class":70},[52,135887,91],{"class":66},[52,135889,83],{"class":70},[52,135891,135892],{"class":74},"makes",[52,135894,71],{"class":70},[52,135896,91],{"class":66},[52,135898,83],{"class":70},[52,135900,135901],{"class":74},"this",[52,135903,71],{"class":70},[52,135905,91],{"class":66},[52,135907,83],{"class":70},[52,135909,134087],{"class":74},[52,135911,71],{"class":70},[52,135913,766],{"class":66},[52,135915,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,135917,2577],{"class":58},[52,135919,63],{"class":62},[52,135921,83],{"class":70},[52,135923,83],{"class":70},[52,135925,121],{"class":66},[52,135927,133665],{"class":124},[52,135929,145],{"class":66},[52,135931,4467],{"class":124},[52,135933,151],{"class":66},[52,135935,135936],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135937,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,135939,135940,135942,135944,135946],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,135941,142],{"class":141},[52,135943,145],{"class":66},[52,135945,2612],{"class":124},[52,135947,151],{"class":66},[20,135949,173],{},[43,135951,135953],{"className":45,"code":135952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135954,135955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135956,135957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135958,135952],{"class":58},[20,135960,135961,135963],{},[15,135962,133588],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[234,135965,135966,135969,135972],{},[237,135967,135968],{},"You already have a list of strings",[237,135970,135971],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[237,135973,135974,135975,135977],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135976,2407],{}," operators",[20,135979,135980,135981,121],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[257,135982,135984],{"href":135983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[38,135986,135988],{"id":135987},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135990,9230,135991,135993],{},[15,135992,133588],{}," is not working, check these first:",[234,135995,135996,135999,136004,136013,136019],{},[237,135997,135998],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[237,136000,136001,136002],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136003,4133],{},[237,136005,136006,136007,2034,136010],{},"You may have written ",[15,136008,136009],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136011,136012],{},"string.join(...)",[237,136014,136015,136016,136018],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136017,133588],{}," to change the original iterable",[237,136020,136021],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136023,94531],{},[43,136025,136027],{"className":45,"code":136026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136028,136029,136043,136053,136077,136117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136030,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136032,142],{"class":141},[52,136034,145],{"class":66},[52,136036,3573],{"class":3251},[52,136038,145],{"class":66},[52,136040,8163],{"class":124},[52,136042,2120],{"class":66},[52,136044,136045,136047,136049,136051],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136046,142],{"class":141},[52,136048,145],{"class":66},[52,136050,8163],{"class":124},[52,136052,151],{"class":66},[52,136054,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136056,142],{"class":141},[52,136058,3336],{"class":66},[52,136060,3573],{"class":3251},[52,136062,145],{"class":66},[52,136064,23441],{"class":124},[52,136066,4014],{"class":66},[52,136068,4232],{"class":163},[52,136070,6315],{"class":124},[52,136072,4238],{"class":163},[52,136074,6320],{"class":124},[52,136076,913],{"class":66},[52,136078,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101,136103,136105,136107,136109,136111,136113,136115],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136080,142],{"class":141},[52,136082,145],{"class":66},[52,136084,186],{"class":70},[52,136086,195],{"class":70},[52,136088,121],{"class":66},[52,136090,133665],{"class":124},[52,136092,3336],{"class":66},[52,136094,186],{"class":70},[52,136096,257],{"class":74},[52,136098,186],{"class":70},[52,136100,91],{"class":66},[52,136102,195],{"class":70},[52,136104,345],{"class":74},[52,136106,186],{"class":70},[52,136108,91],{"class":66},[52,136110,195],{"class":70},[52,136112,10087],{"class":74},[52,136114,186],{"class":70},[52,136116,2144],{"class":66},[52,136118,136119,136121,136123,136125,136127,136129,136131,136133,136135,136137,136139,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,136120,142],{"class":141},[52,136122,145],{"class":66},[52,136124,186],{"class":70},[52,136126,2536],{"class":74},[52,136128,186],{"class":70},[52,136130,121],{"class":66},[52,136132,133665],{"class":124},[52,136134,145],{"class":66},[52,136136,40001],{"class":141},[52,136138,145],{"class":66},[52,136140,3795],{"class":3251},[52,136142,91],{"class":66},[52,136144,755],{"class":66},[52,136146,3339],{"class":103},[52,136148,91],{"class":66},[52,136150,1378],{"class":103},[52,136152,91],{"class":66},[52,136154,2801],{"class":103},[52,136156,37405],{"class":66},[20,136158,136159],{},"What these checks do:",[234,136161,136162,136170,136176,136182,136191],{},[237,136163,136164,136167,136168,900],{},[15,136165,136166],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136169,8163],{},[237,136171,136172,136175],{},[15,136173,136174],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[237,136177,136178,136181],{},[15,136179,136180],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[237,136183,136184,136187,136188,136190],{},[15,136185,136186],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136189,133588],{}," behavior",[237,136192,136193,136196],{},[15,136194,136195],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[38,136198,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,136200,2195,136202,136204],{"id":136201},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136203,133588],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136206,136207,136208,136210,136211,121],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136209,133588],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136212,136213],{},"map(str, values)",[1335,136215,2195,136217,57312],{"id":136216},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136218,133588],{},[20,136220,136221],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1335,136223,28461,136225,62785],{"id":136224},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136226,133588],{},[20,136228,42295,136229,136231],{},[15,136230,133588],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1335,136233,5495,136235,40102],{"id":136234},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136236,136237],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136239,136240],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1335,136242,136244,136245,136247,136248,2221],{"id":136243},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136246,3355],{}," when using ",[15,136249,133588],{},[20,136251,136252],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[38,136254,2240],{"id":2239},[234,136256,136257,136262,136268,136274,136280],{},[237,136258,136259],{},[257,136260,136261],{"href":135983},"How to join strings in Python",[237,136263,136264],{},[257,136265,126506,136266,2264],{"href":129193},[15,136267,60681],{},[237,136269,136270],{},[257,136271,3928,136272,3861],{"href":42318},[15,136273,47829],{},[237,136275,136276],{},[257,136277,30481,136278],{"href":135426},[15,136279,135429],{},[237,136281,136282],{},[257,136283,125261],{"href":51122},[20,136285,97501,136286,136288],{},[15,136287,133588],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2278,136290,136291],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":136293},[136294,136295,136297,136300,136307,136317,136325,136335,136342,136343,136355],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":133705,"depth":110,"text":136296},"What join() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":136298},[136299],{"id":49155,"depth":131,"text":49156},{"id":122036,"depth":110,"text":122037,"children":136301},[136302,136303,136304,136305],{"id":134052,"depth":131,"text":134053},{"id":134144,"depth":131,"text":134145},{"id":134245,"depth":131,"text":134246},{"id":134354,"depth":131,"text":136306},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134457,"depth":110,"text":134458,"children":136308},[136309,136311,136313,136315],{"id":134464,"depth":131,"text":136310},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134531,"depth":131,"text":136312},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134620,"depth":131,"text":136314},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134706,"depth":131,"text":136316},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134781,"depth":110,"text":134782,"children":136318},[136319,136320,136321,136323],{"id":134790,"depth":131,"text":134791},{"id":134873,"depth":131,"text":134874},{"id":135027,"depth":131,"text":136322},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135199,"depth":131,"text":136324},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135286,"depth":110,"text":136326,"children":136327},"Common errors with join()",[136328,136330,136332,136333],{"id":135295,"depth":131,"text":136329},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135432,"depth":131,"text":136331},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135576,"depth":131,"text":135577},{"id":135651,"depth":131,"text":136334},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135766,"depth":110,"text":136336,"children":136337},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136338,136340],{"id":135781,"depth":131,"text":136339},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135863,"depth":131,"text":136341},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135987,"depth":110,"text":135988},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":136344},[136345,136347,136349,136351,136353],{"id":136201,"depth":131,"text":136346},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136216,"depth":131,"text":136348},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136224,"depth":131,"text":136350},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136234,"depth":131,"text":136352},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136243,"depth":131,"text":136354},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133580,"description":136356},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136363,"title":136364,"body":136365,"description":137933,"extension":2310,"meta":137934,"navigation":134,"path":137935,"seo":137936,"stem":137937,"__hash__":137938},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136366,"toc":137900},[136367,136372,136377,136379,136393,136438,136445,136450,136455,136457,136473,136482,136484,136486,136501,136503,136513,136515,136577,136579,136582,136643,136645,136661,136663,136676,136679,136726,136728,136734,136737,136740,136800,136808,136894,136898,136903,136905,136919,136922,137007,137010,137068,137079,137134,137136,137143,137149,137155,137199,137202,137249,137251,137253,137260,137262,137293,137296,137298,137329,137333,137336,137338,137378,137380,137423,137429,137434,137436,137463,137468,137471,137520,137524,137527,137602,137613,137616,137673,137680,137686,137694,137699,137706,137713,137731,137733,137787,137795,137797,137802,137805,137811,137817,137822,137825,137831,137837,137844,137852,137854,137897],[10,136368,123506,136370,18],{"id":136369},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136371,124236],{},[20,136373,123511,136374,136376],{},[15,136375,124236],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136378,24218],{},[234,136380,136381,136384,136387,136390],{},[237,136382,136383],{},"convert text to lowercase",[237,136385,136386],{},"compare text without case differences",[237,136388,136389],{},"clean up user input",[237,136391,136392],{},"make simple text matching easier",[43,136394,136396],{"className":45,"code":136395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136397,136398,136411,136425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136399,136400,136402,136404,136406,136409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136401,34824],{"class":58},[52,136403,63],{"class":62},[52,136405,83],{"class":70},[52,136407,136408],{"class":74},"Hello WORLD",[52,136410,3710],{"class":70},[52,136412,136413,136415,136417,136419,136421,136423],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136414,2577],{"class":58},[52,136416,63],{"class":62},[52,136418,42985],{"class":58},[52,136420,121],{"class":66},[52,136422,8995],{"class":124},[52,136424,128],{"class":66},[52,136426,136427,136429,136431,136433,136435],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136428,142],{"class":141},[52,136430,145],{"class":66},[52,136432,2612],{"class":124},[52,136434,4014],{"class":66},[52,136436,136437],{"class":4017},"  # hello world\n",[20,136439,136440,89114,136442,136444],{},[33,136441,83972],{},[15,136443,124236],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[38,136446,4031,136448,4034],{"id":136447},"what-lower-does",[15,136449,124236],{},[20,136451,136452,136454],{},[15,136453,124236],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136456,293],{},[234,136458,136459,136464,136467,136470],{},[237,136460,136461,136463],{},[15,136462,124236],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[237,136465,136466],{},"It works on string objects",[237,136468,136469],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[237,136471,136472],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136474,125258,136475,136479,136480,121],{},[257,136476,136478],{"href":136477},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[257,136481,51123],{"href":51122},[38,136483,269],{"id":268},[20,136485,2507],{},[43,136487,136489],{"className":45,"code":136488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.lower()\n",[15,136490,136491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136492,136493,136495,136497,136499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136494,61324],{"class":58},[52,136496,121],{"class":66},[52,136498,8995],{"class":124},[52,136500,128],{"class":66},[20,136502,43794],{},[234,136504,136505,136507,136510],{},[237,136506,97679],{},[237,136508,136509],{},"You call it directly on a string",[237,136511,136512],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136514,309],{},[43,136516,136518],{"className":45,"code":136517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136519,136520,136543,136547,136560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136521,136522,136524,136526,136528,136531,136533,136535,136537,136540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136523,142],{"class":141},[52,136525,145],{"class":66},[52,136527,71],{"class":70},[52,136529,136530],{"class":74},"HELLO",[52,136532,71],{"class":70},[52,136534,121],{"class":66},[52,136536,8995],{"class":124},[52,136538,136539],{"class":66},"())",[52,136541,136542],{"class":4017},"  # hello\n",[52,136544,136545],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136546,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136548,136549,136551,136553,136555,136558],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136550,8230],{"class":58},[52,136552,63],{"class":62},[52,136554,83],{"class":70},[52,136556,136557],{"class":74},"PyThOn",[52,136559,3710],{"class":70},[52,136561,136562,136564,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136563,142],{"class":141},[52,136565,145],{"class":66},[52,136567,75],{"class":124},[52,136569,121],{"class":66},[52,136571,8995],{"class":124},[52,136573,136539],{"class":66},[52,136575,136576],{"class":4017},"  # python\n",[38,136578,438],{"id":437},[20,136580,136581],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[43,136583,136585],{"className":45,"code":136584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136586,136587,136599,136603,136618,136622,136633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136588,136589,136591,136593,136595,136597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136590,34824],{"class":58},[52,136592,63],{"class":62},[52,136594,83],{"class":70},[52,136596,136408],{"class":74},[52,136598,3710],{"class":70},[52,136600,136601],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136602,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136604,136605,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136606,136607],{"class":58},"lower_text ",[52,136609,63],{"class":62},[52,136611,42985],{"class":58},[52,136613,121],{"class":66},[52,136615,8995],{"class":124},[52,136617,128],{"class":66},[52,136619,136620],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136621,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136623,136624,136626,136628,136631],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,136625,142],{"class":141},[52,136627,145],{"class":66},[52,136629,136630],{"class":124},"lower_text",[52,136632,151],{"class":66},[52,136634,136635,136637,136639,136641],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,136636,142],{"class":141},[52,136638,145],{"class":66},[52,136640,34845],{"class":124},[52,136642,151],{"class":66},[20,136644,173],{},[43,136646,136648],{"className":45,"code":136647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136649,136650,136654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136651,136652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136653,134522],{"class":58},[52,136655,136656,136658],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136657,131922],{"class":58},[52,136659,136660],{"class":34589},"WORLD\n",[20,136662,24738],{},[234,136664,136665,136670],{},[237,136666,136667,136669],{},[15,136668,124236],{}," returns the lowercase result",[237,136671,136672,136673,136675],{},"the original ",[15,136674,34845],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136677,136678],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[43,136680,136682],{"className":45,"code":136681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136683,136684,136696,136710,136714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136685,136686,136688,136690,136692,136694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136687,34824],{"class":58},[52,136689,63],{"class":62},[52,136691,83],{"class":70},[52,136693,136408],{"class":74},[52,136695,3710],{"class":70},[52,136697,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136699,34824],{"class":58},[52,136701,63],{"class":62},[52,136703,42985],{"class":58},[52,136705,121],{"class":66},[52,136707,8995],{"class":124},[52,136709,128],{"class":66},[52,136711,136712],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136713,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136717,142],{"class":141},[52,136719,145],{"class":66},[52,136721,34845],{"class":124},[52,136723,4014],{"class":66},[52,136725,136437],{"class":4017},[38,136727,17546],{"id":17545},[20,136729,136730,22105,136732,121],{},[15,136731,124236],{},[33,136733,61324],{},[20,136735,136736],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136738,136739],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[43,136741,136743],{"className":45,"code":136742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136744,136745,136759,136763,136786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136746,136747,136750,136752,136754,136757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136748,136749],{"class":58},"answer ",[52,136751,63],{"class":62},[52,136753,83],{"class":70},[52,136755,136756],{"class":74},"YES",[52,136758,3710],{"class":70},[52,136760,136761],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136762,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136764,136765,136767,136770,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782,136784],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136766,7350],{"class":163},[52,136768,136769],{"class":58}," answer",[52,136771,121],{"class":66},[52,136773,8995],{"class":124},[52,136775,7719],{"class":66},[52,136777,6763],{"class":62},[52,136779,83],{"class":70},[52,136781,9012],{"class":74},[52,136783,71],{"class":70},[52,136785,6748],{"class":66},[52,136787,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136789,8423],{"class":141},[52,136791,145],{"class":66},[52,136793,71],{"class":70},[52,136795,96988],{"class":74},[52,136797,71],{"class":70},[52,136799,151],{"class":66},[20,136801,136802,136803,80],{},"This is especially useful with ",[257,136804,136805,136806,2651],{"href":8573},"the ",[15,136807,3308],{},[43,136809,136811],{"className":45,"code":136810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136812,136813,136832,136836,136858,136873,136879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136814,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825,136828,136830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136816,136749],{"class":58},[52,136818,63],{"class":62},[52,136820,8596],{"class":141},[52,136822,145],{"class":66},[52,136824,71],{"class":70},[52,136826,136827],{"class":74},"Type yes or no: ",[52,136829,71],{"class":70},[52,136831,151],{"class":66},[52,136833,136834],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136835,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136837,136838,136840,136842,136844,136846,136848,136850,136852,136854,136856],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136839,7350],{"class":163},[52,136841,136769],{"class":58},[52,136843,121],{"class":66},[52,136845,8995],{"class":124},[52,136847,7719],{"class":66},[52,136849,6763],{"class":62},[52,136851,83],{"class":70},[52,136853,9012],{"class":74},[52,136855,71],{"class":70},[52,136857,6748],{"class":66},[52,136859,136860,136862,136864,136866,136869,136871],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136861,8423],{"class":141},[52,136863,145],{"class":66},[52,136865,71],{"class":70},[52,136867,136868],{"class":74},"You typed yes",[52,136870,71],{"class":70},[52,136872,151],{"class":66},[52,136874,136875,136877],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,136876,27566],{"class":163},[52,136878,6748],{"class":66},[52,136880,136881,136883,136885,136887,136890,136892],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,136882,8423],{"class":141},[52,136884,145],{"class":66},[52,136886,71],{"class":70},[52,136888,136889],{"class":74},"You typed something else",[52,136891,71],{"class":70},[52,136893,151],{"class":66},[38,136895,136897],{"id":136896},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136899,136900,136902],{},[15,136901,124236],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136904,7696],{},[234,136906,136907,136910,136913,136916],{},[237,136908,136909],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[237,136911,136912],{},"Make text matching easier",[237,136914,136915],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[237,136917,136918],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136920,136921],{},"Example: checking user input",[43,136923,136925],{"className":45,"code":136924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136926,136927,136945,136949,136971,136986,136992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136928,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136930,45103],{"class":58},[52,136932,63],{"class":62},[52,136934,8596],{"class":141},[52,136936,145],{"class":66},[52,136938,71],{"class":70},[52,136940,45114],{"class":74},[52,136942,71],{"class":70},[52,136944,151],{"class":66},[52,136946,136947],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,136948,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,136950,136951,136953,136955,136957,136959,136961,136963,136965,136967,136969],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136952,7350],{"class":163},[52,136954,35989],{"class":58},[52,136956,121],{"class":66},[52,136958,8995],{"class":124},[52,136960,7719],{"class":66},[52,136962,6763],{"class":62},[52,136964,83],{"class":70},[52,136966,354],{"class":74},[52,136968,71],{"class":70},[52,136970,6748],{"class":66},[52,136972,136973,136975,136977,136979,136982,136984],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136974,8423],{"class":141},[52,136976,145],{"class":66},[52,136978,71],{"class":70},[52,136980,136981],{"class":74},"Nice choice!",[52,136983,71],{"class":70},[52,136985,151],{"class":66},[52,136987,136988,136990],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,136989,27566],{"class":163},[52,136991,6748],{"class":66},[52,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137003,137005],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,136995,8423],{"class":141},[52,136997,145],{"class":66},[52,136999,71],{"class":70},[52,137001,137002],{"class":74},"Got it.",[52,137004,71],{"class":70},[52,137006,151],{"class":66},[20,137008,137009],{},"Example: simple search",[43,137011,137013],{"className":45,"code":137012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137014,137015,137028,137032,137053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137016,137017,137019,137021,137023,137026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137018,90158],{"class":58},[52,137020,63],{"class":62},[52,137022,83],{"class":70},[52,137024,137025],{"class":74},"Python Is Fun",[52,137027,3710],{"class":70},[52,137029,137030],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137031,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137033,137034,137036,137038,137040,137042,137044,137047,137049,137051],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137035,7350],{"class":163},[52,137037,83],{"class":70},[52,137039,47],{"class":74},[52,137041,71],{"class":70},[52,137043,21303],{"class":62},[52,137045,137046],{"class":58}," message",[52,137048,121],{"class":66},[52,137050,8995],{"class":124},[52,137052,21725],{"class":66},[52,137054,137055,137057,137059,137061,137064,137066],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137056,8423],{"class":141},[52,137058,145],{"class":66},[52,137060,71],{"class":70},[52,137062,137063],{"class":74},"Found it",[52,137065,71],{"class":70},[52,137067,151],{"class":66},[20,137069,137070,137071,137073,137074,80],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137072,124236],{}," is often used with ",[257,137075,137077],{"href":137076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137078,41796],{},[43,137080,137082],{"className":45,"code":137081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137083,137084,137097,137116,137120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137085,137086,137088,137090,137092,137095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137087,8230],{"class":58},[52,137089,63],{"class":62},[52,137091,83],{"class":70},[52,137093,137094],{"class":74},"  ALICE  ",[52,137096,3710],{"class":70},[52,137098,137099,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110,137112,137114],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137100,137101],{"class":58},"clean_name ",[52,137103,63],{"class":62},[52,137105,36130],{"class":58},[52,137107,121],{"class":66},[52,137109,8989],{"class":124},[52,137111,8992],{"class":66},[52,137113,8995],{"class":124},[52,137115,128],{"class":66},[52,137117,137118],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137119,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137121,137122,137124,137126,137129,137131],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137123,142],{"class":141},[52,137125,145],{"class":66},[52,137127,137128],{"class":124},"clean_name",[52,137130,4014],{"class":66},[52,137132,137133],{"class":4017},"  # alice\n",[38,137135,15722],{"id":15721},[20,137137,137138,137139,137142],{},"Strings are ",[33,137140,137141],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137144,137145,137146,137148],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137147,124236],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137150,137151,137152,137154],{},"So this does ",[33,137153,1332],{}," update the original variable:",[43,137156,137158],{"className":45,"code":137157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137159,137160,137172,137182,137186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137161,137162,137164,137166,137168,137170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137163,34824],{"class":58},[52,137165,63],{"class":62},[52,137167,83],{"class":70},[52,137169,136530],{"class":74},[52,137171,3710],{"class":70},[52,137173,137174,137176,137178,137180],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137175,34845],{"class":58},[52,137177,121],{"class":66},[52,137179,8995],{"class":124},[52,137181,128],{"class":66},[52,137183,137184],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137185,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137187,137188,137190,137192,137194,137196],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137189,142],{"class":141},[52,137191,145],{"class":66},[52,137193,34845],{"class":124},[52,137195,4014],{"class":66},[52,137197,137198],{"class":4017},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137200,137201],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[43,137203,137205],{"className":45,"code":137204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137206,137207,137219,137233,137237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137208,137209,137211,137213,137215,137217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137210,34824],{"class":58},[52,137212,63],{"class":62},[52,137214,83],{"class":70},[52,137216,136530],{"class":74},[52,137218,3710],{"class":70},[52,137220,137221,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137222,34824],{"class":58},[52,137224,63],{"class":62},[52,137226,42985],{"class":58},[52,137228,121],{"class":66},[52,137230,8995],{"class":124},[52,137232,128],{"class":66},[52,137234,137235],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137236,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137238,137239,137241,137243,137245,137247],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137240,142],{"class":141},[52,137242,145],{"class":66},[52,137244,34845],{"class":124},[52,137246,4014],{"class":66},[52,137248,136542],{"class":4017},[38,137250,2022],{"id":2021},[1335,137252,25819],{"id":25818},[20,137254,137255,137256,2034,137258,121],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137257,8995],{},[15,137259,124236],{},[20,137261,16770],{},[43,137263,137265],{"className":45,"code":137264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137266,137267,137279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137268,137269,137271,137273,137275,137277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137270,34824],{"class":58},[52,137272,63],{"class":62},[52,137274,83],{"class":70},[52,137276,136530],{"class":74},[52,137278,3710],{"class":70},[52,137280,137281,137283,137285,137287,137289,137291],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137282,142],{"class":141},[52,137284,145],{"class":66},[52,137286,34845],{"class":124},[52,137288,121],{"class":66},[52,137290,8995],{"class":24881},[52,137292,151],{"class":66},[20,137294,137295],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137297,16782],{},[43,137299,137301],{"className":45,"code":137300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137302,137303,137315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137304,137305,137307,137309,137311,137313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137306,34824],{"class":58},[52,137308,63],{"class":62},[52,137310,83],{"class":70},[52,137312,136530],{"class":74},[52,137314,3710],{"class":70},[52,137316,137317,137319,137321,137323,137325,137327],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137318,142],{"class":141},[52,137320,145],{"class":66},[52,137322,34845],{"class":124},[52,137324,121],{"class":66},[52,137326,8995],{"class":124},[52,137328,7547],{"class":66},[1335,137330,137332],{"id":137331},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137334,137335],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137337,16770],{},[43,137339,137341],{"className":45,"code":137340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137342,137343,137355,137365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137344,137345,137347,137349,137351,137353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137346,34824],{"class":58},[52,137348,63],{"class":62},[52,137350,83],{"class":70},[52,137352,136530],{"class":74},[52,137354,3710],{"class":70},[52,137356,137357,137359,137361,137363],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137358,34845],{"class":58},[52,137360,121],{"class":66},[52,137362,8995],{"class":124},[52,137364,128],{"class":66},[52,137366,137367,137369,137371,137373,137375],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137368,142],{"class":141},[52,137370,145],{"class":66},[52,137372,34845],{"class":124},[52,137374,4014],{"class":66},[52,137376,137377],{"class":4017},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137379,16782],{},[43,137381,137383],{"className":45,"code":137382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137384,137385,137397,137411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137386,137387,137389,137391,137393,137395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137388,34824],{"class":58},[52,137390,63],{"class":62},[52,137392,83],{"class":70},[52,137394,136530],{"class":74},[52,137396,3710],{"class":70},[52,137398,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407,137409],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137400,34824],{"class":58},[52,137402,63],{"class":62},[52,137404,42985],{"class":58},[52,137406,121],{"class":66},[52,137408,8995],{"class":124},[52,137410,128],{"class":66},[52,137412,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137414,142],{"class":141},[52,137416,145],{"class":66},[52,137418,34845],{"class":124},[52,137420,4014],{"class":66},[52,137422,136542],{"class":4017},[1335,137424,1326,137426,137428],{"id":137425},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137427,124236],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137430,137431,137433],{},[15,137432,124236],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137435,16770],{},[43,137437,137439],{"className":45,"code":137438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137440,137441,137449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137442,137443,137445,137447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137444,2564],{"class":58},[52,137446,63],{"class":62},[52,137448,125188],{"class":103},[52,137450,137451,137453,137455,137457,137459,137461],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137452,142],{"class":141},[52,137454,145],{"class":66},[52,137456,2587],{"class":124},[52,137458,121],{"class":66},[52,137460,8995],{"class":124},[52,137462,7547],{"class":66},[20,137464,137465,137466,33736],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137467,124236],{},[20,137469,137470],{},"You can check the type first:",[43,137472,137474],{"className":45,"code":137473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137475,137476,137488,137492,137506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137479,34824],{"class":58},[52,137481,63],{"class":62},[52,137483,83],{"class":70},[52,137485,136530],{"class":74},[52,137487,3710],{"class":70},[52,137489,137490],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137491,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137493,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137495,142],{"class":141},[52,137497,145],{"class":66},[52,137499,3573],{"class":3251},[52,137501,145],{"class":66},[52,137503,34845],{"class":124},[52,137505,2120],{"class":66},[52,137507,137508,137510,137512,137514,137516,137518],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137509,142],{"class":141},[52,137511,145],{"class":66},[52,137513,34845],{"class":124},[52,137515,121],{"class":66},[52,137517,8995],{"class":124},[52,137519,7547],{"class":66},[1335,137521,137523],{"id":137522},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137525,137526],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[43,137528,137530],{"className":45,"code":137529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137531,137532,137545,137549,137566,137581,137587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137533,137534,137536,137538,137540,137543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137535,136749],{"class":58},[52,137537,63],{"class":62},[52,137539,83],{"class":70},[52,137541,137542],{"class":74},"Yes",[52,137544,3710],{"class":70},[52,137546,137547],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137548,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137550,137551,137553,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137552,7350],{"class":163},[52,137554,137555],{"class":58}," answer ",[52,137557,5042],{"class":62},[52,137559,83],{"class":70},[52,137561,9012],{"class":74},[52,137563,71],{"class":70},[52,137565,6748],{"class":66},[52,137567,137568,137570,137572,137574,137577,137579],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137569,8423],{"class":141},[52,137571,145],{"class":66},[52,137573,71],{"class":70},[52,137575,137576],{"class":74},"Match",[52,137578,71],{"class":70},[52,137580,151],{"class":66},[52,137582,137583,137585],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,137584,27566],{"class":163},[52,137586,6748],{"class":66},[52,137588,137589,137591,137593,137595,137598,137600],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,137590,8423],{"class":141},[52,137592,145],{"class":66},[52,137594,71],{"class":70},[52,137596,137597],{"class":74},"No match",[52,137599,71],{"class":70},[52,137601,151],{"class":66},[20,137603,29194,137604,2218,137607,137610,137611,121],{},[15,137605,137606],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137608,137609],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137612,137597],{},[20,137614,137615],{},"Better:",[43,137617,137619],{"className":45,"code":137618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137620,137621,137633,137637,137659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137622,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137624,136749],{"class":58},[52,137626,63],{"class":62},[52,137628,83],{"class":70},[52,137630,137542],{"class":74},[52,137632,3710],{"class":70},[52,137634,137635],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137636,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647,137649,137651,137653,137655,137657],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137640,7350],{"class":163},[52,137642,136769],{"class":58},[52,137644,121],{"class":66},[52,137646,8995],{"class":124},[52,137648,7719],{"class":66},[52,137650,6763],{"class":62},[52,137652,83],{"class":70},[52,137654,9012],{"class":74},[52,137656,71],{"class":70},[52,137658,6748],{"class":66},[52,137660,137661,137663,137665,137667,137669,137671],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137662,8423],{"class":141},[52,137664,145],{"class":66},[52,137666,71],{"class":70},[52,137668,137576],{"class":74},[52,137670,71],{"class":70},[52,137672,151],{"class":66},[1335,137674,44357,137676,137679],{"id":137675},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137677,137678],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137681,137682,137683,137685],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137684,124236],{}," is enough.",[20,137687,137688,137689,137691,137692,121],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137690,137678],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137693,124236],{},[20,137695,137696,137697,122748],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137698,124236],{},[38,137700,137702,10931,137704],{"id":137701},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137703,124236],{},[15,137705,128384],{},[20,137707,137708,2218,137710,137712],{},[15,137709,124236],{},[15,137711,128384],{}," are very similar.",[234,137714,137715,137720,137725,137728],{},[237,137716,137717,137719],{},[15,137718,124236],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[237,137721,137722,137724],{},[15,137723,128384],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[237,137726,137727],{},"Both return new strings",[237,137729,137730],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137732,309],{},[43,137734,137736],{"className":45,"code":137735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137737,137738,137750,137754,137770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137739,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137741,34824],{"class":58},[52,137743,63],{"class":62},[52,137745,83],{"class":70},[52,137747,129225],{"class":74},[52,137749,3710],{"class":70},[52,137751,137752],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137753,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,137755,137756,137758,137760,137762,137764,137766,137768],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137757,142],{"class":141},[52,137759,145],{"class":66},[52,137761,34845],{"class":124},[52,137763,121],{"class":66},[52,137765,8995],{"class":124},[52,137767,136539],{"class":66},[52,137769,136437],{"class":4017},[52,137771,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782,137784],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137773,142],{"class":141},[52,137775,145],{"class":66},[52,137777,34845],{"class":124},[52,137779,121],{"class":66},[52,137781,34614],{"class":124},[52,137783,136539],{"class":66},[52,137785,137786],{"class":4017},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137788,137789,137790,121],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[257,137791,126506,137793,2264],{"href":137792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137794,128384],{},[38,137796,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,137798,2195,137800,124833],{"id":137799},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137801,124236],{},[20,137803,137804],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1335,137806,2195,137808,137810],{"id":137807},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137809,124236],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137812,137813,137814,121],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137815,137816],{},"string.lower()",[1335,137818,5495,137820,13040],{"id":137819},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137821,124236],{},[20,137823,137824],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1335,137826,28461,137828,137830],{"id":137827},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137829,124236],{}," on user input?",[20,137832,137833,137834,137836],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137835,3308],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1335,137838,2215,137840,2218,137842,2221],{"id":137839},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137841,124236],{},[15,137843,137678],{},[20,137845,137846,137848,137849,137851],{},[15,137847,124236],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137850,137678],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[38,137853,2240],{"id":2239},[234,137855,137856,137860,137866,137872,137878,137882,137886,137892],{},[237,137857,137858],{},[257,137859,51123],{"href":51122},[237,137861,137862],{},[257,137863,126506,137864,2264],{"href":137792},[15,137865,128384],{},[237,137867,137868],{},[257,137869,126506,137870,2264],{"href":137076},[15,137871,41796],{},[237,137873,137874],{},[257,137875,126506,137876,2264],{"href":130087},[15,137877,124677],{},[237,137879,137880],{},[257,137881,124905],{"href":123761},[237,137883,137884],{},[257,137885,90834],{"href":89843},[237,137887,137888],{},[257,137889,3928,137890,3861],{"href":8573},[15,137891,3308],{},[237,137893,137894],{},[257,137895,137896],{"href":136477},"What is a string in Python?",[2278,137898,137899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":137901},[137902,137904,137905,137906,137907,137908,137909,137918,137920,137932],{"id":136447,"depth":110,"text":137903},"What lower() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":136896,"depth":110,"text":136897},{"id":15721,"depth":110,"text":15722},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":137910},[137911,137912,137913,137915,137916],{"id":25818,"depth":131,"text":25819},{"id":137331,"depth":131,"text":137332},{"id":137425,"depth":131,"text":137914},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137522,"depth":131,"text":137523},{"id":137675,"depth":131,"text":137917},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137701,"depth":110,"text":137919},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":137921},[137922,137924,137926,137928,137930],{"id":137799,"depth":131,"text":137923},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137807,"depth":131,"text":137925},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137819,"depth":131,"text":137927},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137827,"depth":131,"text":137929},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137839,"depth":131,"text":137931},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136364,"description":137933},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137940,"title":137941,"body":137942,"description":139492,"extension":2310,"meta":139493,"navigation":134,"path":139494,"seo":139495,"stem":139496,"__hash__":139497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137943,"toc":139453},[137944,137949,137954,137960,137975,137977,138037,138039,138048,138054,138059,138064,138066,138080,138084,138086,138133,138135,138153,138155,138158,138229,138231,138245,138248,138260,138269,138273,138278,138283,138287,138353,138355,138364,138368,138433,138435,138444,138447,138452,138456,138461,138465,138526,138528,138537,138541,138544,138600,138602,138611,138614,138627,138629,138633,138640,138702,138704,138717,138723,138726,138733,138738,138743,138746,138754,138756,138817,138819,138828,138831,138878,138881,138928,138930,138935,138952,138959,138964,139017,139019,139027,139029,139086,139088,139096,139100,139147,139149,139157,139165,139169,139217,139219,139228,139233,139284,139286,139295,139302,139305,139326,139328,139333,139336,139340,139343,139347,139350,139377,139383,139386,139413,139418,139420,139422,139450],[10,137945,123506,137947,18],{"id":137946},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137948,124677],{},[20,137950,123511,137951,137953],{},[15,137952,124677],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137955,137956,137957,137959],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137958,124677],{},". You will learn:",[234,137961,137962,137966,137969,137972],{},[237,137963,26151,137964,4034],{},[15,137965,124677],{},[237,137967,137968],{},"how its syntax works",[237,137970,137971],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[237,137973,137974],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[38,137976,41],{"id":40},[43,137978,137980],{"className":45,"code":137979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137981,137982,137995,138027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137985,34824],{"class":58},[52,137987,63],{"class":62},[52,137989,83],{"class":70},[52,137991,137992],{"class":74},"I like cats",[52,137994,3710],{"class":70},[52,137996,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011,138014,138016,138018,138020,138023,138025],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,137998,130345],{"class":58},[52,138000,63],{"class":62},[52,138002,42985],{"class":58},[52,138004,121],{"class":66},[52,138006,35136],{"class":124},[52,138008,145],{"class":66},[52,138010,71],{"class":70},[52,138012,138013],{"class":74},"cats",[52,138015,71],{"class":70},[52,138017,91],{"class":66},[52,138019,83],{"class":70},[52,138021,138022],{"class":74},"dogs",[52,138024,71],{"class":70},[52,138026,151],{"class":66},[52,138028,138029,138031,138033,138035],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138030,142],{"class":141},[52,138032,145],{"class":66},[52,138034,130376],{"class":124},[52,138036,151],{"class":66},[20,138038,173],{},[43,138040,138042],{"className":45,"code":138041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like dogs\n",[15,138043,138044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138045,138046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138047,138041],{"class":58},[20,138049,222,138050,138053],{},[15,138051,138052],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[38,138055,4031,138057,4034],{"id":138056},"what-replace-does",[15,138058,124677],{},[20,138060,138061,138063],{},[15,138062,124677],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138065,293],{},[234,138067,138068,138070,138072,138075],{},[237,138069,133754],{},[237,138071,136472],{},[237,138073,138074],{},"It works on exact matches",[237,138076,138077,138078],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138079,41402],{},[20,138081,125258,138082,121],{},[257,138083,125261],{"href":51122},[38,138085,5785],{"id":5784},[43,138087,138089],{"className":45,"code":138088,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138090,138091,138111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138092,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138104,138106,138109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138094,61324],{"class":58},[52,138096,121],{"class":66},[52,138098,35136],{"class":124},[52,138100,145],{"class":66},[52,138102,138103],{"class":124},"old",[52,138105,91],{"class":66},[52,138107,138108],{"class":124}," new",[52,138110,151],{"class":66},[52,138112,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138114,61324],{"class":58},[52,138116,121],{"class":66},[52,138118,35136],{"class":124},[52,138120,145],{"class":66},[52,138122,138103],{"class":124},[52,138124,91],{"class":66},[52,138126,138108],{"class":124},[52,138128,91],{"class":66},[52,138130,49748],{"class":124},[52,138132,151],{"class":66},[1335,138134,17522],{"id":17521},[234,138136,138137,138142,138148],{},[237,138138,138139,138141],{},[15,138140,138103],{}," = the text to find",[237,138143,138144,138147],{},[15,138145,138146],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[237,138149,138150,138152],{},[15,138151,41402],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[38,138154,6141],{"id":6140},[20,138156,138157],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[43,138159,138161],{"className":45,"code":138160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138162,138163,138175,138205,138209,138219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138164,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138166,34824],{"class":58},[52,138168,63],{"class":62},[52,138170,83],{"class":70},[52,138172,137992],{"class":74},[52,138174,3710],{"class":70},[52,138176,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138178,130345],{"class":58},[52,138180,63],{"class":62},[52,138182,42985],{"class":58},[52,138184,121],{"class":66},[52,138186,35136],{"class":124},[52,138188,145],{"class":66},[52,138190,71],{"class":70},[52,138192,138013],{"class":74},[52,138194,71],{"class":70},[52,138196,91],{"class":66},[52,138198,83],{"class":70},[52,138200,138022],{"class":74},[52,138202,71],{"class":70},[52,138204,151],{"class":66},[52,138206,138207],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138208,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138212,142],{"class":141},[52,138214,145],{"class":66},[52,138216,34845],{"class":124},[52,138218,151],{"class":66},[52,138220,138221,138223,138225,138227],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,138222,142],{"class":141},[52,138224,145],{"class":66},[52,138226,130376],{"class":124},[52,138228,151],{"class":66},[20,138230,173],{},[43,138232,138234],{"className":45,"code":138233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138235,138236,138241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138237,138238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138239,138240],{"class":58},"I like cats\n",[52,138242,138243],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138244,138041],{"class":58},[20,138246,138247],{},"Notice what happened:",[234,138249,138250,138255],{},[237,138251,138252,138254],{},[15,138253,34845],{}," did not change",[237,138256,138257,138259],{},[15,138258,130376],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138261,138262,138263,138265,138266,138268],{},"This happens because strings are ",[33,138264,137141],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138267,124677],{}," return a new string instead.",[38,138270,138272],{"id":138271},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138274,89852,138275,138277],{},[15,138276,124677],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138279,138280,138281,36761],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138282,41402],{},[1335,138284,138286],{"id":138285},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[43,138288,138290],{"className":45,"code":138289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138291,138292,138305,138339,138343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138293,138294,138296,138298,138300,138303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138295,34824],{"class":58},[52,138297,63],{"class":62},[52,138299,83],{"class":70},[52,138301,138302],{"class":74},"cat cat cat",[52,138304,3710],{"class":70},[52,138306,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138308,2577],{"class":58},[52,138310,63],{"class":62},[52,138312,42985],{"class":58},[52,138314,121],{"class":66},[52,138316,35136],{"class":124},[52,138318,145],{"class":66},[52,138320,71],{"class":70},[52,138322,37187],{"class":74},[52,138324,71],{"class":70},[52,138326,91],{"class":66},[52,138328,83],{"class":70},[52,138330,58276],{"class":74},[52,138332,71],{"class":70},[52,138334,91],{"class":66},[52,138336,1364],{"class":103},[52,138338,151],{"class":66},[52,138340,138341],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138342,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138344,138345,138347,138349,138351],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138346,142],{"class":141},[52,138348,145],{"class":66},[52,138350,2612],{"class":124},[52,138352,151],{"class":66},[20,138354,173],{},[43,138356,138358],{"className":45,"code":138357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138359,138360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138361,138362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138363,138357],{"class":58},[1335,138365,138367],{"id":138366},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[43,138369,138371],{"className":45,"code":138370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138372,138373,138385,138419,138423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138374,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138376,34824],{"class":58},[52,138378,63],{"class":62},[52,138380,83],{"class":70},[52,138382,138302],{"class":74},[52,138384,3710],{"class":70},[52,138386,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138388,2577],{"class":58},[52,138390,63],{"class":62},[52,138392,42985],{"class":58},[52,138394,121],{"class":66},[52,138396,35136],{"class":124},[52,138398,145],{"class":66},[52,138400,71],{"class":70},[52,138402,37187],{"class":74},[52,138404,71],{"class":70},[52,138406,91],{"class":66},[52,138408,83],{"class":70},[52,138410,58276],{"class":74},[52,138412,71],{"class":70},[52,138414,91],{"class":66},[52,138416,1378],{"class":103},[52,138418,151],{"class":66},[52,138420,138421],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138422,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138424,138425,138427,138429,138431],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138426,142],{"class":141},[52,138428,145],{"class":66},[52,138430,2612],{"class":124},[52,138432,151],{"class":66},[20,138434,173],{},[43,138436,138438],{"className":45,"code":138437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138439,138440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138441,138442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138443,138437],{"class":58},[20,138445,138446],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138448,138449,138450,121],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[257,138451,128230],{"href":124674},[38,138453,138455],{"id":138454},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138457,138458,138460],{},[15,138459,124677],{}," can also change single characters.",[1335,138462,138464],{"id":138463},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[43,138466,138468],{"className":45,"code":138467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138469,138470,138482,138512,138516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138473,34824],{"class":58},[52,138475,63],{"class":62},[52,138477,83],{"class":70},[52,138479,4441],{"class":74},[52,138481,3710],{"class":70},[52,138483,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138485,2577],{"class":58},[52,138487,63],{"class":62},[52,138489,42985],{"class":58},[52,138491,121],{"class":66},[52,138493,35136],{"class":124},[52,138495,145],{"class":66},[52,138497,71],{"class":70},[52,138499,257],{"class":74},[52,138501,71],{"class":70},[52,138503,91],{"class":66},[52,138505,83],{"class":70},[52,138507,60623],{"class":74},[52,138509,71],{"class":70},[52,138511,151],{"class":66},[52,138513,138514],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138515,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138517,138518,138520,138522,138524],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138519,142],{"class":141},[52,138521,145],{"class":66},[52,138523,2612],{"class":124},[52,138525,151],{"class":66},[20,138527,173],{},[43,138529,138531],{"className":45,"code":138530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bonono\n",[15,138532,138533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138534,138535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138536,138530],{"class":58},[1335,138538,138540],{"id":138539},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138542,138543],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[43,138545,138547],{"className":45,"code":138546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138548,138549,138562,138586,138590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138550,138551,138553,138555,138557,138560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138552,34824],{"class":58},[52,138554,63],{"class":62},[52,138556,83],{"class":70},[52,138558,138559],{"class":74},"a b c",[52,138561,3710],{"class":70},[52,138563,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138565,2577],{"class":58},[52,138567,63],{"class":62},[52,138569,42985],{"class":58},[52,138571,121],{"class":66},[52,138573,35136],{"class":124},[52,138575,145],{"class":66},[52,138577,71],{"class":70},[52,138579,83],{"class":70},[52,138581,91],{"class":66},[52,138583,6480],{"class":70},[52,138585,151],{"class":66},[52,138587,138588],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138589,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138591,138592,138594,138596,138598],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138593,142],{"class":141},[52,138595,145],{"class":66},[52,138597,2612],{"class":124},[52,138599,151],{"class":66},[20,138601,173],{},[43,138603,138605],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abc\n",[15,138606,138607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138608,138609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138610,138604],{"class":58},[20,138612,138613],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138615,138616,138617,138621,138622,138626],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[257,138618,126506,138619,2264],{"href":129193},[15,138620,60681],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[257,138623,126506,138624,2264],{"href":137076},[15,138625,41796],{}," is often a better choice.",[38,138628,124153],{"id":124152},[20,138630,138631,123964],{},[15,138632,124677],{},[20,138634,127551,138635,2218,138637,127558],{},[15,138636,113190],{},[15,138638,138639],{},"\"Cat\"",[43,138641,138643],{"className":45,"code":138642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138644,138645,138658,138688,138692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138646,138647,138649,138651,138653,138656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138648,34824],{"class":58},[52,138650,63],{"class":62},[52,138652,83],{"class":70},[52,138654,138655],{"class":74},"Cat cat CAT",[52,138657,3710],{"class":70},[52,138659,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138661,2577],{"class":58},[52,138663,63],{"class":62},[52,138665,42985],{"class":58},[52,138667,121],{"class":66},[52,138669,35136],{"class":124},[52,138671,145],{"class":66},[52,138673,71],{"class":70},[52,138675,37187],{"class":74},[52,138677,71],{"class":70},[52,138679,91],{"class":66},[52,138681,83],{"class":70},[52,138683,58276],{"class":74},[52,138685,71],{"class":70},[52,138687,151],{"class":66},[52,138689,138690],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138691,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138693,138694,138696,138698,138700],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138695,142],{"class":141},[52,138697,145],{"class":66},[52,138699,2612],{"class":124},[52,138701,151],{"class":66},[20,138703,173],{},[43,138705,138707],{"className":45,"code":138706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138708,138709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138710,138711,138714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138712,138713],{"class":58},"Cat dog ",[52,138715,138716],{"class":34589},"CAT\n",[20,138718,138719,138720,138722],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138721,113190],{}," was replaced.",[20,138724,138725],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138727,138728,138729,121],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[257,138730,126506,138731,2264],{"href":124233},[15,138732,124236],{},[38,138734,4031,138736,12039],{"id":138735},"what-replace-returns",[15,138737,124677],{},[20,138739,138740,138742],{},[15,138741,124677],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138744,138745],{},"If no match is found:",[234,138747,138748,138751],{},[237,138749,138750],{},"no error happens",[237,138752,138753],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138755,309],{},[43,138757,138759],{"className":45,"code":138758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138760,138761,138773,138803,138807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138762,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138764,34824],{"class":58},[52,138766,63],{"class":62},[52,138768,83],{"class":70},[52,138770,4201],{"class":74},[52,138772,3710],{"class":70},[52,138774,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138776,2577],{"class":58},[52,138778,63],{"class":62},[52,138780,42985],{"class":58},[52,138782,121],{"class":66},[52,138784,35136],{"class":124},[52,138786,145],{"class":66},[52,138788,71],{"class":70},[52,138790,1357],{"class":74},[52,138792,71],{"class":70},[52,138794,91],{"class":66},[52,138796,83],{"class":70},[52,138798,1371],{"class":74},[52,138800,71],{"class":70},[52,138802,151],{"class":66},[52,138804,138805],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138806,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,138808,138809,138811,138813,138815],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,138810,142],{"class":141},[52,138812,145],{"class":66},[52,138814,2612],{"class":124},[52,138816,151],{"class":66},[20,138818,173],{},[43,138820,138822],{"className":45,"code":138821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello\n",[15,138823,138824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138825,138826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138827,138821],{"class":58},[20,138829,138830],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[43,138832,138834],{"className":45,"code":138833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138835,138836,138848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138837,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138839,34824],{"class":58},[52,138841,63],{"class":62},[52,138843,83],{"class":70},[52,138845,60556],{"class":74},[52,138847,3710],{"class":70},[52,138849,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138851,130345],{"class":58},[52,138853,63],{"class":62},[52,138855,42985],{"class":58},[52,138857,121],{"class":66},[52,138859,35136],{"class":124},[52,138861,145],{"class":66},[52,138863,71],{"class":70},[52,138865,60741],{"class":74},[52,138867,71],{"class":70},[52,138869,91],{"class":66},[52,138871,83],{"class":70},[52,138873,7650],{"class":74},[52,138875,71],{"class":70},[52,138877,151],{"class":66},[20,138879,138880],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[43,138882,138884],{"className":45,"code":138883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138885,138886,138898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138887,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138889,34824],{"class":58},[52,138891,63],{"class":62},[52,138893,83],{"class":70},[52,138895,60556],{"class":74},[52,138897,3710],{"class":70},[52,138899,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138901,34824],{"class":58},[52,138903,63],{"class":62},[52,138905,42985],{"class":58},[52,138907,121],{"class":66},[52,138909,35136],{"class":124},[52,138911,145],{"class":66},[52,138913,71],{"class":70},[52,138915,60741],{"class":74},[52,138917,71],{"class":70},[52,138919,91],{"class":66},[52,138921,83],{"class":70},[52,138923,7650],{"class":74},[52,138925,71],{"class":70},[52,138927,151],{"class":66},[38,138929,4873],{"id":4872},[20,138931,138932,138933,80],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138934,124677],{},[234,138936,138937,138940,138944,138947],{},[237,138938,138939],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[237,138941,8807,138942,131726],{},[15,138943,124677],{},[237,138945,138946],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[237,138948,37344,138949,138951],{},[15,138950,124677],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1335,138953,138955,138956,138958],{"id":138954},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138957,124677],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138960,138961,138962,80],{},"This does not update ",[15,138963,34845],{},[43,138965,138967],{"className":45,"code":138966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138968,138969,138981,139007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138970,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138972,34824],{"class":58},[52,138974,63],{"class":62},[52,138976,83],{"class":70},[52,138978,137992],{"class":74},[52,138980,3710],{"class":70},[52,138982,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,138984,34845],{"class":58},[52,138986,121],{"class":66},[52,138988,35136],{"class":124},[52,138990,145],{"class":66},[52,138992,71],{"class":70},[52,138994,138013],{"class":74},[52,138996,71],{"class":70},[52,138998,91],{"class":66},[52,139000,83],{"class":70},[52,139002,138022],{"class":74},[52,139004,71],{"class":70},[52,139006,151],{"class":66},[52,139008,139009,139011,139013,139015],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139010,142],{"class":141},[52,139012,145],{"class":66},[52,139014,34845],{"class":124},[52,139016,151],{"class":66},[20,139018,173],{},[43,139020,139021],{"className":45,"code":138240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,139022,139023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139024,139025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139026,138240],{"class":58},[20,139028,11151],{},[43,139030,139032],{"className":45,"code":139031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139033,139034,139046,139076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139035,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139037,34824],{"class":58},[52,139039,63],{"class":62},[52,139041,83],{"class":70},[52,139043,137992],{"class":74},[52,139045,3710],{"class":70},[52,139047,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139049,34824],{"class":58},[52,139051,63],{"class":62},[52,139053,42985],{"class":58},[52,139055,121],{"class":66},[52,139057,35136],{"class":124},[52,139059,145],{"class":66},[52,139061,71],{"class":70},[52,139063,138013],{"class":74},[52,139065,71],{"class":70},[52,139067,91],{"class":66},[52,139069,83],{"class":70},[52,139071,138022],{"class":74},[52,139073,71],{"class":70},[52,139075,151],{"class":66},[52,139077,139078,139080,139082,139084],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139079,142],{"class":141},[52,139081,145],{"class":66},[52,139083,34845],{"class":124},[52,139085,151],{"class":66},[20,139087,173],{},[43,139089,139090],{"className":45,"code":138041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,139091,139092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139093,139094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139095,138041],{"class":58},[1335,139097,139099],{"id":139098},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[43,139101,139103],{"className":45,"code":139102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139104,139105,139117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139106,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139108,34824],{"class":58},[52,139110,63],{"class":62},[52,139112,83],{"class":70},[52,139114,35004],{"class":74},[52,139116,3710],{"class":70},[52,139118,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139120,142],{"class":141},[52,139122,145],{"class":66},[52,139124,34845],{"class":124},[52,139126,121],{"class":66},[52,139128,35136],{"class":124},[52,139130,145],{"class":66},[52,139132,71],{"class":70},[52,139134,4201],{"class":74},[52,139136,71],{"class":70},[52,139138,91],{"class":66},[52,139140,83],{"class":70},[52,139142,90087],{"class":74},[52,139144,71],{"class":70},[52,139146,2120],{"class":66},[20,139148,173],{},[43,139150,139151],{"className":45,"code":89100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,139152,139153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139154,139155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139156,89100],{"class":58},[20,139158,139159,139160,2218,139162,139164],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139161,64685],{},[15,139163,90569],{}," are not the same.",[1335,139166,139168],{"id":139167},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[43,139170,139172],{"className":45,"code":139171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139173,139174,139187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139175,139176,139178,139180,139182,139185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139177,34824],{"class":58},[52,139179,63],{"class":62},[52,139181,83],{"class":70},[52,139183,139184],{"class":74},"red red red",[52,139186,3710],{"class":70},[52,139188,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139190,142],{"class":141},[52,139192,145],{"class":66},[52,139194,34845],{"class":124},[52,139196,121],{"class":66},[52,139198,35136],{"class":124},[52,139200,145],{"class":66},[52,139202,71],{"class":70},[52,139204,336],{"class":74},[52,139206,71],{"class":70},[52,139208,91],{"class":66},[52,139210,83],{"class":70},[52,139212,354],{"class":74},[52,139214,71],{"class":70},[52,139216,2120],{"class":66},[20,139218,173],{},[43,139220,139222],{"className":45,"code":139221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139223,139224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139225,139226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139227,139221],{"class":58},[20,139229,139230,139231,80],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139232,41402],{},[43,139234,139236],{"className":45,"code":139235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139237,139238,139250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139239,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139241,34824],{"class":58},[52,139243,63],{"class":62},[52,139245,83],{"class":70},[52,139247,139184],{"class":74},[52,139249,3710],{"class":70},[52,139251,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278,139280,139282],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139253,142],{"class":141},[52,139255,145],{"class":66},[52,139257,34845],{"class":124},[52,139259,121],{"class":66},[52,139261,35136],{"class":124},[52,139263,145],{"class":66},[52,139265,71],{"class":70},[52,139267,336],{"class":74},[52,139269,71],{"class":70},[52,139271,91],{"class":66},[52,139273,83],{"class":70},[52,139275,354],{"class":74},[52,139277,71],{"class":70},[52,139279,91],{"class":66},[52,139281,1364],{"class":103},[52,139283,2120],{"class":66},[20,139285,173],{},[43,139287,139289],{"className":45,"code":139288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue red red\n",[15,139290,139291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139292,139293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139294,139288],{"class":58},[1335,139296,139298,139299,139301],{"id":139297},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139300,124677],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139303,139304],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[234,139306,139307,139314,139321],{},[237,139308,222,139309,139313],{},[257,139310,139311],{"href":129193},[15,139312,60681],{}," to break a string into a list",[237,139315,222,139316,139320],{},[257,139317,139318],{"href":137076},[15,139319,41796],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[237,139322,222,139323,139325],{},[15,139324,124677],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[38,139327,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,139329,2195,139331,124833],{"id":139330},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139332,124677],{},[20,139334,139335],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1335,139337,139339],{"id":139338},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139341,139342],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1335,139344,139346],{"id":139345},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139348,139349],{},"Use the third argument:",[43,139351,139353],{"className":45,"code":139352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139354,139355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139356,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139358,34845],{"class":58},[52,139360,121],{"class":66},[52,139362,35136],{"class":124},[52,139364,145],{"class":66},[52,139366,138103],{"class":124},[52,139368,91],{"class":66},[52,139370,138108],{"class":124},[52,139372,91],{"class":66},[52,139374,1364],{"class":103},[52,139376,151],{"class":66},[1335,139378,5523,139380,139382],{"id":139379},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139381,124677],{}," remove text?",[20,139384,139385],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[43,139387,139389],{"className":45,"code":139388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139390,139391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139392,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139394,34845],{"class":58},[52,139396,121],{"class":66},[52,139398,35136],{"class":124},[52,139400,145],{"class":66},[52,139402,71],{"class":70},[52,139404,1357],{"class":74},[52,139406,71],{"class":70},[52,139408,91],{"class":66},[52,139410,6480],{"class":70},[52,139412,151],{"class":66},[1335,139414,2205,139416,124842],{"id":139415},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139417,124677],{},[20,139419,130035],{},[38,139421,2240],{"id":2239},[234,139423,139424,139428,139434,139440,139446],{},[237,139425,139426],{},[257,139427,124912],{"href":124674},[237,139429,139430],{},[257,139431,126506,139432,2264],{"href":129193},[15,139433,60681],{},[237,139435,139436],{},[257,139437,126506,139438,2264],{"href":137076},[15,139439,41796],{},[237,139441,139442],{},[257,139443,126506,139444,2264],{"href":124233},[15,139445,124236],{},[237,139447,139448],{},[257,139449,125261],{"href":51122},[2278,139451,139452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":139454},[139455,139456,139458,139461,139462,139466,139470,139471,139473,139481,139491],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":138056,"depth":110,"text":139457},"What replace() does",{"id":5784,"depth":110,"text":5785,"children":139459},[139460],{"id":17521,"depth":131,"text":17522},{"id":6140,"depth":110,"text":6141},{"id":138271,"depth":110,"text":138272,"children":139463},[139464,139465],{"id":138285,"depth":131,"text":138286},{"id":138366,"depth":131,"text":138367},{"id":138454,"depth":110,"text":138455,"children":139467},[139468,139469],{"id":138463,"depth":131,"text":138464},{"id":138539,"depth":131,"text":138540},{"id":124152,"depth":110,"text":124153},{"id":138735,"depth":110,"text":139472},"What replace() returns",{"id":4872,"depth":110,"text":4873,"children":139474},[139475,139477,139478,139479],{"id":138954,"depth":131,"text":139476},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139098,"depth":131,"text":139099},{"id":139167,"depth":131,"text":139168},{"id":139297,"depth":131,"text":139480},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":139482},[139483,139485,139486,139487,139489],{"id":139330,"depth":131,"text":139484},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139338,"depth":131,"text":139339},{"id":139345,"depth":131,"text":139346},{"id":139379,"depth":131,"text":139488},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139415,"depth":131,"text":139490},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137941,"description":139492},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139499,"title":139500,"body":139501,"description":141520,"extension":2310,"meta":141521,"navigation":134,"path":141522,"seo":141523,"stem":141524,"__hash__":141525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139502,"toc":141484},[139503,139508,139513,139516,139527,139529,139584,139589,139594,139601,139603,139618,139620,139676,139678,139716,139721,139723,139747,139750,139763,139768,139770,139802,139804,139837,139843,139848,139851,139861,139864,139866,139922,139924,139974,139977,139985,139988,140044,140046,140119,140132,140140,140144,140155,140158,140161,140214,140216,140248,140251,140305,140307,140342,140345,140350,140355,140360,140363,140365,140423,140425,140459,140461,140476,140479,140481,140523,140525,140551,140556,140564,140567,140569,140651,140653,140704,140707,140718,140726,140728,140801,140803,140821,140825,140828,140832,140859,140861,140869,140873,140908,140910,140923,140927,140930,140969,140971,140988,140993,140998,141009,141012,141023,141025,141027,141053,141056,141105,141107,141124,141127,141129,141181,141183,141215,141218,141276,141281,141283,141288,141391,141393,141407,141409,141416,141421,141426,141431,141436,141441,141444,141448,141453,141455,141481],[10,139504,123506,139506,18],{"id":139505},"python-string-split-method",[15,139507,60681],{},[20,139509,123511,139510,139512],{},[15,139511,60681],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139514,139515],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[234,139517,139518,139521,139524],{},[237,139519,139520],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[237,139522,139523],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[237,139525,139526],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[38,139528,41],{"id":40},[43,139530,139532],{"className":45,"code":139531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139533,139534,139547,139569,139579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139535,139536,139538,139540,139542,139545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139537,34824],{"class":58},[52,139539,63],{"class":62},[52,139541,83],{"class":70},[52,139543,139544],{"class":74},"apple,banana,cherry",[52,139546,3710],{"class":70},[52,139548,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139550,42980],{"class":58},[52,139552,63],{"class":62},[52,139554,42985],{"class":58},[52,139556,121],{"class":66},[52,139558,34605],{"class":124},[52,139560,145],{"class":66},[52,139562,71],{"class":70},[52,139564,91],{"class":74},[52,139566,71],{"class":70},[52,139568,151],{"class":66},[52,139570,139571,139573,139575,139577],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139572,142],{"class":141},[52,139574,145],{"class":66},[52,139576,43012],{"class":124},[52,139578,151],{"class":66},[52,139580,139581],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,139582,139583],{"class":4017},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139585,222,139586,139588],{},[15,139587,60681],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[38,139590,4031,139592,4034],{"id":139591},"what-split-does",[15,139593,60681],{},[20,139595,139596,132554,139598,121],{},[15,139597,60681],{},[33,139599,139600],{},"string method",[20,139602,49073],{},[234,139604,139605,139608,139613],{},[237,139606,139607],{},"divides a string into parts",[237,139609,119808,139610],{},[33,139611,139612],{},"new list of strings",[237,139614,119814,139615,139617],{},[33,139616,1332],{}," change the original string",[20,139619,309],{},[43,139621,139623],{"className":45,"code":139622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139624,139625,139638,139652,139656,139666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633,139636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139628,34824],{"class":58},[52,139630,63],{"class":62},[52,139632,83],{"class":70},[52,139634,139635],{"class":74},"red blue green",[52,139637,3710],{"class":70},[52,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139641,42980],{"class":58},[52,139643,63],{"class":62},[52,139645,42985],{"class":58},[52,139647,121],{"class":66},[52,139649,34605],{"class":124},[52,139651,128],{"class":66},[52,139653,139654],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139655,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,139657,139658,139660,139662,139664],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,139659,142],{"class":141},[52,139661,145],{"class":66},[52,139663,34845],{"class":124},[52,139665,151],{"class":66},[52,139667,139668,139670,139672,139674],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,139669,142],{"class":141},[52,139671,145],{"class":66},[52,139673,43012],{"class":124},[52,139675,151],{"class":66},[20,139677,173],{},[43,139679,139681],{"className":45,"code":139680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139682,139683,139688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139684,139685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139686,139687],{"class":58},"red blue green\n",[52,139689,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139691,513],{"class":66},[52,139693,186],{"class":70},[52,139695,336],{"class":74},[52,139697,186],{"class":70},[52,139699,91],{"class":66},[52,139701,195],{"class":70},[52,139703,354],{"class":74},[52,139705,186],{"class":70},[52,139707,91],{"class":66},[52,139709,195],{"class":70},[52,139711,17583],{"class":74},[52,139713,186],{"class":70},[52,139715,766],{"class":66},[20,139717,139718,139719,121],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[257,139720,125261],{"href":51122},[38,139722,269],{"id":268},[43,139724,139726],{"className":45,"code":139725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139727,139728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139729,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139731,61324],{"class":58},[52,139733,121],{"class":66},[52,139735,34605],{"class":124},[52,139737,145],{"class":66},[52,139739,133910],{"class":124},[52,139741,91],{"class":66},[52,139743,139744],{"class":124}," maxsplit",[52,139746,151],{"class":66},[20,139748,139749],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[234,139751,139752,139757],{},[237,139753,139754,139756],{},[15,139755,133910],{}," tells Python where to split",[237,139758,139759,139762],{},[15,139760,139761],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139764,9230,139765,139767],{},[15,139766,133910],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139769,309],{},[43,139771,139773],{"className":45,"code":139772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139774,139775,139788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139776,139777,139779,139781,139783,139786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139778,34824],{"class":58},[52,139780,63],{"class":62},[52,139782,83],{"class":70},[52,139784,139785],{"class":74},"one two three",[52,139787,3710],{"class":70},[52,139789,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139791,142],{"class":141},[52,139793,145],{"class":66},[52,139795,34845],{"class":124},[52,139797,121],{"class":66},[52,139799,34605],{"class":124},[52,139801,7547],{"class":66},[20,139803,173],{},[43,139805,139807],{"className":45,"code":139806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139808,139809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139810,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139812,513],{"class":66},[52,139814,186],{"class":70},[52,139816,6937],{"class":74},[52,139818,186],{"class":70},[52,139820,91],{"class":66},[52,139822,195],{"class":70},[52,139824,79422],{"class":74},[52,139826,186],{"class":70},[52,139828,91],{"class":66},[52,139830,195],{"class":70},[52,139832,134392],{"class":74},[52,139834,186],{"class":70},[52,139836,766],{"class":66},[38,139838,1326,139840,139842],{"id":139839},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139841,60681],{}," with no separator",[20,139844,70325,139845,139847],{},[15,139846,60681],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139849,139850],{},"Whitespace includes:",[234,139852,139853,139855,139858],{},[237,139854,10798],{},[237,139856,139857],{},"tabs",[237,139859,139860],{},"new lines",[20,139862,139863],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139865,309],{},[43,139867,139869],{"className":45,"code":139868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139870,139871,139894,139908,139912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139872,139873,139875,139877,139879,139882,139885,139887,139889,139892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139874,34824],{"class":58},[52,139876,63],{"class":62},[52,139878,83],{"class":70},[52,139880,139881],{"class":74},"Python   is",[52,139883,139884],{"class":34589},"\\t",[52,139886,133646],{"class":74},[52,139888,87304],{"class":34589},[52,139890,139891],{"class":74},"and useful",[52,139893,3710],{"class":70},[52,139895,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,139897,42980],{"class":58},[52,139899,63],{"class":62},[52,139901,42985],{"class":58},[52,139903,121],{"class":66},[52,139905,34605],{"class":124},[52,139907,128],{"class":66},[52,139909,139910],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139911,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,139913,139914,139916,139918,139920],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,139915,142],{"class":141},[52,139917,145],{"class":66},[52,139919,43012],{"class":124},[52,139921,151],{"class":66},[20,139923,173],{},[43,139925,139927],{"className":45,"code":139926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139928,139929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139930,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139970,139972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139932,513],{"class":66},[52,139934,186],{"class":70},[52,139936,7650],{"class":74},[52,139938,186],{"class":70},[52,139940,91],{"class":66},[52,139942,195],{"class":70},[52,139944,164],{"class":74},[52,139946,186],{"class":70},[52,139948,91],{"class":66},[52,139950,195],{"class":70},[52,139952,133646],{"class":74},[52,139954,186],{"class":70},[52,139956,91],{"class":66},[52,139958,195],{"class":70},[52,139960,130271],{"class":74},[52,139962,186],{"class":70},[52,139964,91],{"class":66},[52,139966,195],{"class":70},[52,139968,139969],{"class":74},"useful",[52,139971,186],{"class":70},[52,139973,766],{"class":66},[20,139975,139976],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1335,139978,139980,10931,139982],{"id":139979},"split-vs-split",[15,139981,60681],{},[15,139983,139984],{},"split(' ')",[20,139986,139987],{},"These are not the same.",[43,139989,139991],{"className":45,"code":139990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139992,139993,140006,140010,140024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139994,139995,139997,139999,140001,140004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139996,34824],{"class":58},[52,139998,63],{"class":62},[52,140000,83],{"class":70},[52,140002,140003],{"class":74},"a  b   c",[52,140005,3710],{"class":70},[52,140007,140008],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140009,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,140011,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140013,142],{"class":141},[52,140015,145],{"class":66},[52,140017,34845],{"class":124},[52,140019,121],{"class":66},[52,140021,34605],{"class":124},[52,140023,7547],{"class":66},[52,140025,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140027,142],{"class":141},[52,140029,145],{"class":66},[52,140031,34845],{"class":124},[52,140033,121],{"class":66},[52,140035,34605],{"class":124},[52,140037,145],{"class":66},[52,140039,71],{"class":70},[52,140041,83],{"class":70},[52,140043,2120],{"class":66},[20,140045,173],{},[43,140047,140049],{"className":45,"code":140048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140050,140051,140079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140052,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140054,513],{"class":66},[52,140056,186],{"class":70},[52,140058,257],{"class":74},[52,140060,186],{"class":70},[52,140062,91],{"class":66},[52,140064,195],{"class":70},[52,140066,345],{"class":74},[52,140068,186],{"class":70},[52,140070,91],{"class":66},[52,140072,195],{"class":70},[52,140074,10087],{"class":74},[52,140076,186],{"class":70},[52,140078,766],{"class":66},[52,140080,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140082,513],{"class":66},[52,140084,186],{"class":70},[52,140086,257],{"class":74},[52,140088,186],{"class":70},[52,140090,91],{"class":66},[52,140092,4194],{"class":70},[52,140094,91],{"class":66},[52,140096,195],{"class":70},[52,140098,345],{"class":74},[52,140100,186],{"class":70},[52,140102,91],{"class":66},[52,140104,4194],{"class":70},[52,140106,91],{"class":66},[52,140108,4194],{"class":70},[52,140110,91],{"class":66},[52,140112,195],{"class":70},[52,140114,10087],{"class":74},[52,140116,186],{"class":70},[52,140118,766],{"class":66},[234,140120,140121,140126],{},[237,140122,140123,140125],{},[15,140124,60681],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[237,140127,140128,140131],{},[15,140129,140130],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140133,140134,140135,140139],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[257,140136,126506,140137,2264],{"href":137076},[15,140138,41796],{}," is often useful.",[38,140141,140143],{"id":140142},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140145,140146,140147,2536,140150,2540,140152,121],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140148,140149],{},"\",\"",[15,140151,133745],{},[15,140153,140154],{},"\"::\"",[20,140156,140157],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140159,140160],{},"Example with commas:",[43,140162,140164],{"className":45,"code":140163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140165,140166,140178,140200,140204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140169,34824],{"class":58},[52,140171,63],{"class":62},[52,140173,83],{"class":70},[52,140175,139544],{"class":74},[52,140177,3710],{"class":70},[52,140179,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140181,42980],{"class":58},[52,140183,63],{"class":62},[52,140185,42985],{"class":58},[52,140187,121],{"class":66},[52,140189,34605],{"class":124},[52,140191,145],{"class":66},[52,140193,71],{"class":70},[52,140195,91],{"class":74},[52,140197,71],{"class":70},[52,140199,151],{"class":66},[52,140201,140202],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140203,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,140205,140206,140208,140210,140212],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140207,142],{"class":141},[52,140209,145],{"class":66},[52,140211,43012],{"class":124},[52,140213,151],{"class":66},[20,140215,173],{},[43,140217,140218],{"className":45,"code":78601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140219,140220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140221,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140223,513],{"class":66},[52,140225,186],{"class":70},[52,140227,4432],{"class":74},[52,140229,186],{"class":70},[52,140231,91],{"class":66},[52,140233,195],{"class":70},[52,140235,4441],{"class":74},[52,140237,186],{"class":70},[52,140239,91],{"class":66},[52,140241,195],{"class":70},[52,140243,4450],{"class":74},[52,140245,186],{"class":70},[52,140247,766],{"class":66},[20,140249,140250],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[43,140252,140254],{"className":45,"code":140253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140255,140256,140269,140291,140295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140257,140258,140260,140262,140264,140267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140259,34824],{"class":58},[52,140261,63],{"class":62},[52,140263,83],{"class":70},[52,140265,140266],{"class":74},"2024::10::31",[52,140268,3710],{"class":70},[52,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140272,42980],{"class":58},[52,140274,63],{"class":62},[52,140276,42985],{"class":58},[52,140278,121],{"class":66},[52,140280,34605],{"class":124},[52,140282,145],{"class":66},[52,140284,71],{"class":70},[52,140286,76818],{"class":74},[52,140288,71],{"class":70},[52,140290,151],{"class":66},[52,140292,140293],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140294,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140298,142],{"class":141},[52,140300,145],{"class":66},[52,140302,43012],{"class":124},[52,140304,151],{"class":66},[20,140306,173],{},[43,140308,140310],{"className":45,"code":140309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140311,140312],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140313,140314,140316,140318,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140338,140340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140315,513],{"class":66},[52,140317,186],{"class":70},[52,140319,140320],{"class":74},"2024",[52,140322,186],{"class":70},[52,140324,91],{"class":66},[52,140326,195],{"class":70},[52,140328,2679],{"class":74},[52,140330,186],{"class":70},[52,140332,91],{"class":66},[52,140334,195],{"class":70},[52,140336,140337],{"class":74},"31",[52,140339,186],{"class":70},[52,140341,766],{"class":66},[20,140343,140344],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140346,140347,140348,121],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[257,140349,129190],{"href":129189},[38,140351,1326,140353],{"id":140352},"using-maxsplit",[15,140354,139761],{},[20,140356,140357,140359],{},[15,140358,139761],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140361,140362],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140364,309],{},[43,140366,140368],{"className":45,"code":140367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140369,140370,140383,140409,140413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378,140381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140373,34824],{"class":58},[52,140375,63],{"class":62},[52,140377,83],{"class":70},[52,140379,140380],{"class":74},"name:age:city:country",[52,140382,3710],{"class":70},[52,140384,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140386,42980],{"class":58},[52,140388,63],{"class":62},[52,140390,42985],{"class":58},[52,140392,121],{"class":66},[52,140394,34605],{"class":124},[52,140396,145],{"class":66},[52,140398,71],{"class":70},[52,140400,80],{"class":74},[52,140402,71],{"class":70},[52,140404,91],{"class":66},[52,140406,1378],{"class":103},[52,140408,151],{"class":66},[52,140410,140411],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140412,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,140414,140415,140417,140419,140421],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140416,142],{"class":141},[52,140418,145],{"class":66},[52,140420,43012],{"class":124},[52,140422,151],{"class":66},[20,140424,173],{},[43,140426,140428],{"className":45,"code":140427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140429,140430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140431,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140455,140457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140433,513],{"class":66},[52,140435,186],{"class":70},[52,140437,75],{"class":74},[52,140439,186],{"class":70},[52,140441,91],{"class":66},[52,140443,195],{"class":70},[52,140445,96],{"class":74},[52,140447,186],{"class":70},[52,140449,91],{"class":66},[52,140451,195],{"class":70},[52,140453,140454],{"class":74},"city:country",[52,140456,186],{"class":70},[52,140458,766],{"class":66},[20,140460,2525],{},[234,140462,140463,140468,140473],{},[237,140464,140465,140466],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140467,80],{},[237,140469,140470,140471],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140472,80],{},[237,140474,140475],{},"then stops",[20,140477,140478],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140480,52227],{},[43,140482,140484],{"className":45,"code":140483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140485,140486,140499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140487,140488,140490,140492,140494,140497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140489,34824],{"class":58},[52,140491,63],{"class":62},[52,140493,83],{"class":70},[52,140495,140496],{"class":74},"apple banana cherry grape",[52,140498,3710],{"class":70},[52,140500,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140502,142],{"class":141},[52,140504,145],{"class":66},[52,140506,34845],{"class":124},[52,140508,121],{"class":66},[52,140510,34605],{"class":124},[52,140512,145],{"class":66},[52,140514,71],{"class":70},[52,140516,83],{"class":70},[52,140518,91],{"class":66},[52,140520,1364],{"class":103},[52,140522,2120],{"class":66},[20,140524,173],{},[43,140526,140528],{"className":45,"code":140527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140529,140530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140531,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140547,140549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140533,513],{"class":66},[52,140535,186],{"class":70},[52,140537,4432],{"class":74},[52,140539,186],{"class":70},[52,140541,91],{"class":66},[52,140543,195],{"class":70},[52,140545,140546],{"class":74},"banana cherry grape",[52,140548,186],{"class":70},[52,140550,766],{"class":66},[38,140552,4031,140554,12039],{"id":140553},"what-split-returns",[15,140555,60681],{},[20,140557,140558,140559,140561,140562,121],{},"The result of ",[15,140560,60681],{}," is always a ",[33,140563,8448],{},[20,140565,140566],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140568,309],{},[43,140570,140572],{"className":45,"code":140571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140573,140574,140587,140609,140613,140623,140637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140575,140576,140578,140580,140582,140585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140577,34824],{"class":58},[52,140579,63],{"class":62},[52,140581,83],{"class":70},[52,140583,140584],{"class":74},"cat,dog,bird",[52,140586,3710],{"class":70},[52,140588,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140590,42980],{"class":58},[52,140592,63],{"class":62},[52,140594,42985],{"class":58},[52,140596,121],{"class":66},[52,140598,34605],{"class":124},[52,140600,145],{"class":66},[52,140602,71],{"class":70},[52,140604,91],{"class":74},[52,140606,71],{"class":70},[52,140608,151],{"class":66},[52,140610,140611],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140612,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,140614,140615,140617,140619,140621],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140616,142],{"class":141},[52,140618,145],{"class":66},[52,140620,43012],{"class":124},[52,140622,151],{"class":66},[52,140624,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,140626,142],{"class":141},[52,140628,145],{"class":66},[52,140630,3573],{"class":3251},[52,140632,145],{"class":66},[52,140634,43012],{"class":124},[52,140636,2120],{"class":66},[52,140638,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,140640,142],{"class":141},[52,140642,145],{"class":66},[52,140644,43012],{"class":124},[52,140646,513],{"class":66},[52,140648,2467],{"class":103},[52,140650,913],{"class":66},[20,140652,173],{},[43,140654,140656],{"className":45,"code":140655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140657,140658,140686,140700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140659,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140661,513],{"class":66},[52,140663,186],{"class":70},[52,140665,37187],{"class":74},[52,140667,186],{"class":70},[52,140669,91],{"class":66},[52,140671,195],{"class":70},[52,140673,58276],{"class":74},[52,140675,186],{"class":70},[52,140677,91],{"class":66},[52,140679,195],{"class":70},[52,140681,58293],{"class":74},[52,140683,186],{"class":70},[52,140685,766],{"class":66},[52,140687,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140689,3642],{"class":62},[52,140691,3645],{"class":2413},[52,140693,195],{"class":70},[52,140695,8448],{"class":74},[52,140697,186],{"class":70},[52,140699,3654],{"class":62},[52,140701,140702],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140703,85620],{"class":58},[20,140705,140706],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[234,140708,140709,140712,140715],{},[237,140710,140711],{},"loop over it",[237,140713,140714],{},"access items by index",[237,140716,140717],{},"combine items again later",[20,140719,140720,140721,121],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[257,140722,126506,140724,2264],{"href":140723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140725,133588],{},[20,140727,309],{},[43,140729,140731],{"className":45,"code":140730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140732,140733,140765,140787,140791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140734,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140736,42980],{"class":58},[52,140738,63],{"class":62},[52,140740,755],{"class":66},[52,140742,186],{"class":70},[52,140744,37187],{"class":74},[52,140746,186],{"class":70},[52,140748,91],{"class":66},[52,140750,195],{"class":70},[52,140752,58276],{"class":74},[52,140754,186],{"class":70},[52,140756,91],{"class":66},[52,140758,195],{"class":70},[52,140760,58293],{"class":74},[52,140762,186],{"class":70},[52,140764,766],{"class":66},[52,140766,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140768,34824],{"class":58},[52,140770,63],{"class":62},[52,140772,83],{"class":70},[52,140774,2369],{"class":74},[52,140776,71],{"class":70},[52,140778,121],{"class":66},[52,140780,133665],{"class":124},[52,140782,145],{"class":66},[52,140784,43012],{"class":124},[52,140786,151],{"class":66},[52,140788,140789],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140790,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,140792,140793,140795,140797,140799],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140794,142],{"class":141},[52,140796,145],{"class":66},[52,140798,34845],{"class":124},[52,140800,151],{"class":66},[20,140802,173],{},[43,140804,140806],{"className":45,"code":140805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140807,140808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140811,37187],{"class":58},[52,140813,2369],{"class":62},[52,140815,58276],{"class":58},[52,140817,2369],{"class":62},[52,140819,140820],{"class":58},"bird\n",[38,140822,140824],{"id":140823},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140826,140827],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1335,140829,140831],{"id":140830},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[43,140833,140835],{"className":45,"code":140834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140836,140837,140845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140838,140839,140841,140843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140840,34824],{"class":58},[52,140842,63],{"class":62},[52,140844,8235],{"class":70},[52,140846,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855,140857],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140848,142],{"class":141},[52,140850,145],{"class":66},[52,140852,34845],{"class":124},[52,140854,121],{"class":66},[52,140856,34605],{"class":124},[52,140858,7547],{"class":66},[20,140860,173],{},[43,140862,140863],{"className":45,"code":38438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140864,140865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140866,140867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140868,38438],{"class":66},[1335,140870,140872],{"id":140871},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[43,140874,140876],{"className":45,"code":140875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140877,140878,140886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140879,140880,140882,140884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140881,34824],{"class":58},[52,140883,63],{"class":62},[52,140885,8235],{"class":70},[52,140887,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140889,142],{"class":141},[52,140891,145],{"class":66},[52,140893,34845],{"class":124},[52,140895,121],{"class":66},[52,140897,34605],{"class":124},[52,140899,145],{"class":66},[52,140901,71],{"class":70},[52,140903,91],{"class":74},[52,140905,71],{"class":70},[52,140907,2120],{"class":66},[20,140909,173],{},[43,140911,140913],{"className":45,"code":140912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['']\n",[15,140914,140915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140916,140917,140919,140921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140918,513],{"class":66},[52,140920,4128],{"class":70},[52,140922,766],{"class":66},[1335,140924,140926],{"id":140925},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140928,140929],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[43,140931,140933],{"className":45,"code":140932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140934,140935,140947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140936,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140938,34824],{"class":58},[52,140940,63],{"class":62},[52,140942,83],{"class":70},[52,140944,4201],{"class":74},[52,140946,3710],{"class":70},[52,140948,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965,140967],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,140950,142],{"class":141},[52,140952,145],{"class":66},[52,140954,34845],{"class":124},[52,140956,121],{"class":66},[52,140958,34605],{"class":124},[52,140960,145],{"class":66},[52,140962,71],{"class":70},[52,140964,91],{"class":74},[52,140966,71],{"class":70},[52,140968,2120],{"class":66},[20,140970,173],{},[43,140972,140974],{"className":45,"code":140973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello']\n",[15,140975,140976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140977,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140979,513],{"class":66},[52,140981,186],{"class":70},[52,140983,4201],{"class":74},[52,140985,186],{"class":70},[52,140987,766],{"class":66},[38,140989,1063,140991],{"id":140990},"when-to-use-split",[15,140992,60681],{},[20,140994,222,140995,140997],{},[15,140996,60681],{}," when you need to:",[234,140999,141000,141003,141006],{},[237,141001,141002],{},"split a sentence into words",[237,141004,141005],{},"split comma-separated values",[237,141007,141008],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141010,141011],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[234,141013,141014,141017,141020],{},[237,141015,141016],{},"cleaning text",[237,141018,141019],{},"parsing user input",[237,141021,141022],{},"processing simple file content",[38,141024,2022],{"id":2021},[20,141026,84391],{},[234,141028,141029,141033,141039,141042,141050],{},[237,141030,50652,141031,131726],{},[15,141032,60681],{},[237,141034,141035,141036,141038],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141037,60681],{}," returns a list, not a string",[237,141040,141041],{},"using the wrong separator",[237,141043,141044,141045,141047,141048],{},"assuming ",[15,141046,139984],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141049,60681],{},[237,141051,141052],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141054,141055],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[43,141057,141059],{"className":45,"code":141058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141060,141061,141073,141091,141095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141062,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141064,34824],{"class":58},[52,141066,63],{"class":62},[52,141068,83],{"class":70},[52,141070,42973],{"class":74},[52,141072,3710],{"class":70},[52,141074,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141076,34845],{"class":58},[52,141078,121],{"class":66},[52,141080,34605],{"class":124},[52,141082,145],{"class":66},[52,141084,71],{"class":70},[52,141086,91],{"class":74},[52,141088,71],{"class":70},[52,141090,151],{"class":66},[52,141092,141093],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141094,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141098,142],{"class":141},[52,141100,145],{"class":66},[52,141102,34845],{"class":124},[52,141104,151],{"class":66},[20,141106,173],{},[43,141108,141110],{"className":45,"code":141109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a,b,c\n",[15,141111,141112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141113,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141115,257],{"class":58},[52,141117,91],{"class":66},[52,141119,345],{"class":58},[52,141121,91],{"class":66},[52,141123,69397],{"class":58},[20,141125,141126],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141128,11151],{},[43,141130,141131],{"className":45,"code":42960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,141132,141133,141145,141167,141171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141136,34824],{"class":58},[52,141138,63],{"class":62},[52,141140,83],{"class":70},[52,141142,42973],{"class":74},[52,141144,3710],{"class":70},[52,141146,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141148,42980],{"class":58},[52,141150,63],{"class":62},[52,141152,42985],{"class":58},[52,141154,121],{"class":66},[52,141156,34605],{"class":124},[52,141158,145],{"class":66},[52,141160,71],{"class":70},[52,141162,91],{"class":74},[52,141164,71],{"class":70},[52,141166,151],{"class":66},[52,141168,141169],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141170,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,141172,141173,141175,141177,141179],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141174,142],{"class":141},[52,141176,145],{"class":66},[52,141178,43012],{"class":124},[52,141180,151],{"class":66},[20,141182,173],{},[43,141184,141185],{"className":45,"code":43019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,141186,141187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141188,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141190,513],{"class":66},[52,141192,186],{"class":70},[52,141194,257],{"class":74},[52,141196,186],{"class":70},[52,141198,91],{"class":66},[52,141200,195],{"class":70},[52,141202,345],{"class":74},[52,141204,186],{"class":70},[52,141206,91],{"class":66},[52,141208,195],{"class":70},[52,141210,10087],{"class":74},[52,141212,186],{"class":70},[52,141214,766],{"class":66},[20,141216,141217],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[43,141219,141221],{"className":45,"code":141220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141222,141223,141236,141258,141262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141224,141225,141227,141229,141231,141234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141226,34824],{"class":58},[52,141228,63],{"class":62},[52,141230,83],{"class":70},[52,141232,141233],{"class":74},"apple,banana",[52,141235,3710],{"class":70},[52,141237,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141239,42980],{"class":58},[52,141241,63],{"class":62},[52,141243,42985],{"class":58},[52,141245,121],{"class":66},[52,141247,34605],{"class":124},[52,141249,145],{"class":66},[52,141251,71],{"class":70},[52,141253,91],{"class":74},[52,141255,71],{"class":70},[52,141257,151],{"class":66},[52,141259,141260],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141261,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,141263,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141265,142],{"class":141},[52,141267,145],{"class":66},[52,141269,43012],{"class":124},[52,141271,513],{"class":66},[52,141273,2404],{"class":103},[52,141275,913],{"class":66},[20,141277,141278,141279,121],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[257,141280,69410],{"href":69409},[1335,141282,60860],{"id":60859},[20,141284,9230,141285,141287],{},[15,141286,60681],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[43,141289,141291],{"className":45,"code":141290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141292,141293,141303,141317,141339,141365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141294,141295,141297,141299,141301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141296,142],{"class":141},[52,141298,145],{"class":66},[52,141300,34845],{"class":124},[52,141302,151],{"class":66},[52,141304,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141306,142],{"class":141},[52,141308,145],{"class":66},[52,141310,34845],{"class":124},[52,141312,121],{"class":66},[52,141314,34605],{"class":124},[52,141316,7547],{"class":66},[52,141318,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141320,142],{"class":141},[52,141322,145],{"class":66},[52,141324,34845],{"class":124},[52,141326,121],{"class":66},[52,141328,34605],{"class":124},[52,141330,145],{"class":66},[52,141332,186],{"class":70},[52,141334,91],{"class":74},[52,141336,186],{"class":70},[52,141338,2120],{"class":66},[52,141340,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141342,142],{"class":141},[52,141344,145],{"class":66},[52,141346,11505],{"class":141},[52,141348,145],{"class":66},[52,141350,34845],{"class":124},[52,141352,121],{"class":66},[52,141354,34605],{"class":124},[52,141356,145],{"class":66},[52,141358,186],{"class":70},[52,141360,91],{"class":74},[52,141362,186],{"class":70},[52,141364,3262],{"class":66},[52,141366,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,141368,142],{"class":141},[52,141370,145],{"class":66},[52,141372,3573],{"class":3251},[52,141374,145],{"class":66},[52,141376,34845],{"class":124},[52,141378,121],{"class":66},[52,141380,34605],{"class":124},[52,141382,145],{"class":66},[52,141384,186],{"class":70},[52,141386,91],{"class":74},[52,141388,186],{"class":70},[52,141390,3262],{"class":66},[20,141392,11514],{},[234,141394,141395,141398,141401,141404],{},[237,141396,141397],{},"what the original string looks like",[237,141399,141400],{},"which separator works",[237,141402,141403],{},"how many items were created",[237,141405,141406],{},"that the result is a list",[38,141408,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,141410,2215,141412,2218,141414,2221],{"id":141411},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141413,60681],{},[15,141415,139984],{},[20,141417,141418,141420],{},[15,141419,60681],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141422,141423,141425],{},[15,141424,139984],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1335,141427,2195,141429,124833],{"id":141428},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141430,60681],{},[20,141432,141433,141434,56627],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141435,60681],{},[1335,141437,5495,141439,40102],{"id":141438},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141440,139761],{},[20,141442,141443],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1335,141445,141447],{"id":141446},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141449,29194,141450,141452],{},[15,141451,60681],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[38,141454,2240],{"id":2239},[234,141456,141457,141461,141467,141473,141477],{},[237,141458,141459],{},[257,141460,130111],{"href":129189},[237,141462,141463],{},[257,141464,126506,141465,2264],{"href":140723},[15,141466,133588],{},[237,141468,141469],{},[257,141470,126506,141471,2264],{"href":137076},[15,141472,41796],{},[237,141474,141475],{},[257,141476,125261],{"href":51122},[237,141478,141479],{},[257,141480,69410],{"href":69409},[2278,141482,141483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":141485},[141486,141487,141489,141490,141495,141496,141498,141500,141505,141507,141510,141519],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":139591,"depth":110,"text":141488},"What split() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":139839,"depth":110,"text":141491,"children":141492},"Using split() with no separator",[141493],{"id":139979,"depth":131,"text":141494},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140142,"depth":110,"text":140143},{"id":140352,"depth":110,"text":141497},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140553,"depth":110,"text":141499},"What split() returns",{"id":140823,"depth":110,"text":140824,"children":141501},[141502,141503,141504],{"id":140830,"depth":131,"text":140831},{"id":140871,"depth":131,"text":140872},{"id":140925,"depth":131,"text":140926},{"id":140990,"depth":110,"text":141506},"When to use split()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":141508},[141509],{"id":60859,"depth":131,"text":60860},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":141511},[141512,141514,141516,141518],{"id":141411,"depth":131,"text":141513},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141428,"depth":131,"text":141515},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141438,"depth":131,"text":141517},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141446,"depth":131,"text":141447},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139500,"description":141520},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141527,"title":141528,"body":141529,"description":143472,"extension":2310,"meta":143473,"navigation":134,"path":143474,"seo":143475,"stem":143476,"__hash__":143477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141530,"toc":143431},[141531,141536,141541,141548,141621,141626,141631,141636,141652,141654,141724,141726,141728,141748,141750,141795,141800,141802,141900,141905,141909,141914,141918,141921,141963,141967,141970,142015,142019,142022,142072,142076,142081,142133,142135,142140,142151,142156,142236,142238,142250,142259,142266,142281,142283,142398,142404,142408,142411,142416,142558,142561,142568,142570,142574,142582,142651,142657,142706,142711,142716,142718,142738,142740,142806,142808,142812,142815,142819,142860,142862,142895,142900,142903,142930,142932,142975,142982,142987,142997,143063,143067,143075,143080,143131,143135,143138,143140,143149,143151,143201,143203,143310,143312,143317,143324,143330,143333,143364,143369,143371,143378,143386,143395,143398,143400,143428],[10,141532,123506,141534,18],{"id":141533},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141535,127874],{},[20,141537,123511,141538,141540],{},[15,141539,127874],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141542,126572,141543,261,141545,141547],{},[15,141544,1048],{},[15,141546,1039],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[43,141549,141551],{"className":45,"code":141550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141552,141553,141566,141570,141595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141554,141555,141557,141559,141561,141564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141556,34824],{"class":58},[52,141558,63],{"class":62},[52,141560,83],{"class":70},[52,141562,141563],{"class":74},"Python Beginner Help",[52,141565,3710],{"class":70},[52,141567,141568],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141569,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,141571,141572,141574,141576,141578,141580,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141573,142],{"class":141},[52,141575,145],{"class":66},[52,141577,34845],{"class":124},[52,141579,121],{"class":66},[52,141581,141582],{"class":124},"startswith",[52,141584,145],{"class":66},[52,141586,71],{"class":70},[52,141588,7650],{"class":74},[52,141590,71],{"class":70},[52,141592,5715],{"class":66},[52,141594,43999],{"class":4017},[52,141596,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141614,141616,141618],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141598,142],{"class":141},[52,141600,145],{"class":66},[52,141602,34845],{"class":124},[52,141604,121],{"class":66},[52,141606,141582],{"class":124},[52,141608,145],{"class":66},[52,141610,71],{"class":70},[52,141612,141613],{"class":74},"Beginner",[52,141615,71],{"class":70},[52,141617,5715],{"class":66},[52,141619,141620],{"class":4017}," # False\n",[20,141622,222,141623,141625],{},[15,141624,127874],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[38,141627,4031,141629,4034],{"id":141628},"what-startswith-does",[15,141630,127874],{},[20,141632,141633,141635],{},[15,141634,127874],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[234,141637,141638,141641,141647,141649],{},[237,141639,141640],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[237,141642,5501,141643,261,141645],{},[15,141644,1048],{},[15,141646,1039],{},[237,141648,123649],{},[237,141650,141651],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141653,309],{},[43,141655,141657],{"className":45,"code":141656,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141658,141659,141671,141675,141700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141660,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141662,8230],{"class":58},[52,141664,63],{"class":62},[52,141666,83],{"class":70},[52,141668,7650],{"class":74},[52,141670,3710],{"class":70},[52,141672,141673],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141674,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,141676,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141694,141696,141698],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141678,142],{"class":141},[52,141680,145],{"class":66},[52,141682,75],{"class":124},[52,141684,121],{"class":66},[52,141686,141582],{"class":124},[52,141688,145],{"class":66},[52,141690,71],{"class":70},[52,141692,141693],{"class":74},"Py",[52,141695,71],{"class":70},[52,141697,5715],{"class":66},[52,141699,43999],{"class":4017},[52,141701,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141703,142],{"class":141},[52,141705,145],{"class":66},[52,141707,75],{"class":124},[52,141709,121],{"class":66},[52,141711,141582],{"class":124},[52,141713,145],{"class":66},[52,141715,71],{"class":70},[52,141717,128952],{"class":74},[52,141719,71],{"class":70},[52,141721,5715],{"class":66},[52,141723,44016],{"class":4017},[38,141725,269],{"id":268},[20,141727,42528],{},[43,141729,141731],{"className":45,"code":141730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141732,141733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141734,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141736,61324],{"class":58},[52,141738,121],{"class":66},[52,141740,141582],{"class":124},[52,141742,145],{"class":66},[52,141744,141745],{"class":124},"prefix",[52,141747,151],{"class":66},[20,141749,30898],{},[43,141751,141753],{"className":45,"code":141752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141754,141755,141773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141756,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767,141769,141771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141758,61324],{"class":58},[52,141760,121],{"class":66},[52,141762,141582],{"class":124},[52,141764,145],{"class":66},[52,141766,141745],{"class":124},[52,141768,91],{"class":66},[52,141770,36190],{"class":124},[52,141772,151],{"class":66},[52,141774,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141776,61324],{"class":58},[52,141778,121],{"class":66},[52,141780,141582],{"class":124},[52,141782,145],{"class":66},[52,141784,141745],{"class":124},[52,141786,91],{"class":66},[52,141788,36190],{"class":124},[52,141790,91],{"class":66},[52,141792,65191],{"class":124},[52,141794,151],{"class":66},[20,141796,20900,141797,141799],{},[15,141798,141745],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141801,309],{},[43,141803,141805],{"className":45,"code":141804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141806,141807,141819,141823,141848,141872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141808,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141810,34824],{"class":58},[52,141812,63],{"class":62},[52,141814,83],{"class":70},[52,141816,60556],{"class":74},[52,141818,3710],{"class":70},[52,141820,141821],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141822,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,141824,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141826,142],{"class":141},[52,141828,145],{"class":66},[52,141830,34845],{"class":124},[52,141832,121],{"class":66},[52,141834,141582],{"class":124},[52,141836,145],{"class":66},[52,141838,71],{"class":70},[52,141840,4201],{"class":74},[52,141842,71],{"class":70},[52,141844,5715],{"class":66},[52,141846,141847],{"class":4017},"      # True\n",[52,141849,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,141851,142],{"class":141},[52,141853,145],{"class":66},[52,141855,34845],{"class":124},[52,141857,121],{"class":66},[52,141859,141582],{"class":124},[52,141861,145],{"class":66},[52,141863,71],{"class":70},[52,141865,60741],{"class":74},[52,141867,71],{"class":70},[52,141869,5715],{"class":66},[52,141871,21330],{"class":4017},[52,141873,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,141875,142],{"class":141},[52,141877,145],{"class":66},[52,141879,34845],{"class":124},[52,141881,121],{"class":66},[52,141883,141582],{"class":124},[52,141885,145],{"class":66},[52,141887,71],{"class":70},[52,141889,60741],{"class":74},[52,141891,71],{"class":70},[52,141893,91],{"class":66},[52,141895,37784],{"class":103},[52,141897,5715],{"class":66},[52,141899,43999],{"class":4017},[20,141901,141902,141903,121],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[257,141904,125261],{"href":51122},[38,141906,141908],{"id":141907},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141910,141911,141913],{},[15,141912,127874],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1335,141915,141916],{"id":141745},[15,141917,141745],{},[20,141919,141920],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[43,141922,141924],{"className":45,"code":141923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141925,141926,141938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141927,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141929,34824],{"class":58},[52,141931,63],{"class":62},[52,141933,83],{"class":70},[52,141935,4441],{"class":74},[52,141937,3710],{"class":70},[52,141939,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954,141957,141959,141961],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141941,142],{"class":141},[52,141943,145],{"class":66},[52,141945,34845],{"class":124},[52,141947,121],{"class":66},[52,141949,141582],{"class":124},[52,141951,145],{"class":66},[52,141953,71],{"class":70},[52,141955,141956],{"class":74},"ban",[52,141958,71],{"class":70},[52,141960,5715],{"class":66},[52,141962,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,141964,141965],{"id":36211},[15,141966,36211],{},[20,141968,141969],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[43,141971,141973],{"className":45,"code":141972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141974,141975,141987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141976,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141978,34824],{"class":58},[52,141980,63],{"class":62},[52,141982,83],{"class":70},[52,141984,60556],{"class":74},[52,141986,3710],{"class":70},[52,141988,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,141990,142],{"class":141},[52,141992,145],{"class":66},[52,141994,34845],{"class":124},[52,141996,121],{"class":66},[52,141998,141582],{"class":124},[52,142000,145],{"class":66},[52,142002,71],{"class":70},[52,142004,60741],{"class":74},[52,142006,71],{"class":70},[52,142008,91],{"class":66},[52,142010,37784],{"class":103},[52,142012,5715],{"class":66},[52,142014,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,142016,142017],{"id":52808},[15,142018,52808],{},[20,142020,142021],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[43,142023,142025],{"className":45,"code":142024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142026,142027,142039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142028,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142030,34824],{"class":58},[52,142032,63],{"class":62},[52,142034,83],{"class":70},[52,142036,60556],{"class":74},[52,142038,3710],{"class":70},[52,142040,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142042,142],{"class":141},[52,142044,145],{"class":66},[52,142046,34845],{"class":124},[52,142048,121],{"class":66},[52,142050,141582],{"class":124},[52,142052,145],{"class":66},[52,142054,71],{"class":70},[52,142056,142057],{"class":74},"wor",[52,142059,71],{"class":70},[52,142061,91],{"class":66},[52,142063,37784],{"class":103},[52,142065,91],{"class":66},[52,142067,54284],{"class":103},[52,142069,5715],{"class":66},[52,142071,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,142073,142075],{"id":142074},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142077,142078,142080],{},[15,142079,141745],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[43,142082,142084],{"className":45,"code":142083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142085,142086,142099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142087,142088,142090,142092,142094,142097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142089,126589],{"class":58},[52,142091,63],{"class":62},[52,142093,83],{"class":70},[52,142095,142096],{"class":74},"img_001.png",[52,142098,3710],{"class":70},[52,142100,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142118,142120,142122,142124,142127,142129,142131],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142102,142],{"class":141},[52,142104,145],{"class":66},[52,142106,126607],{"class":124},[52,142108,121],{"class":66},[52,142110,141582],{"class":124},[52,142112,5864],{"class":66},[52,142114,71],{"class":70},[52,142116,142117],{"class":74},"img_",[52,142119,71],{"class":70},[52,142121,91],{"class":66},[52,142123,83],{"class":70},[52,142125,142126],{"class":74},"photo_",[52,142128,71],{"class":70},[52,142130,51238],{"class":66},[52,142132,4018],{"class":4017},[38,142134,17546],{"id":17545},[20,142136,142137,142139],{},[15,142138,127874],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[234,142141,142142,142147],{},[237,142143,142144,142146],{},[15,142145,1048],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[237,142148,142149,127191],{},[15,142150,1039],{},[20,142152,142153,142154,7525],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142155,7350],{},[43,142157,142159],{"className":45,"code":142158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142160,142161,142175,142179,142200,142215,142221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142162,142163,142166,142168,142170,142173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142164,142165],{"class":58},"command ",[52,142167,63],{"class":62},[52,142169,83],{"class":70},[52,142171,142172],{"class":74},"\u002Fhelp",[52,142174,3710],{"class":70},[52,142176,142177],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142178,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142180,142181,142183,142186,142188,142190,142192,142194,142196,142198],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142182,7350],{"class":163},[52,142184,142185],{"class":58}," command",[52,142187,121],{"class":66},[52,142189,141582],{"class":124},[52,142191,145],{"class":66},[52,142193,71],{"class":70},[52,142195,127398],{"class":74},[52,142197,71],{"class":70},[52,142199,8696],{"class":66},[52,142201,142202,142204,142206,142208,142211,142213],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142203,8423],{"class":141},[52,142205,145],{"class":66},[52,142207,71],{"class":70},[52,142209,142210],{"class":74},"This looks like a command.",[52,142212,71],{"class":70},[52,142214,151],{"class":66},[52,142216,142217,142219],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,142218,27566],{"class":163},[52,142220,6748],{"class":66},[52,142222,142223,142225,142227,142229,142232,142234],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,142224,8423],{"class":141},[52,142226,145],{"class":66},[52,142228,71],{"class":70},[52,142230,142231],{"class":74},"This is normal text.",[52,142233,71],{"class":70},[52,142235,151],{"class":66},[20,142237,173],{},[43,142239,142241],{"className":45,"code":142240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142242,142243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142244,142245,142248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142246,142247],{"class":58},"This looks like a command",[52,142249,122538],{"class":66},[38,142251,1326,142253,9059,142255,2218,142257],{"id":142252},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142254,127874],{},[15,142256,36211],{},[15,142258,52808],{},[20,142260,2327,142261,2218,142263,142265],{},[15,142262,36211],{},[15,142264,52808],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[234,142267,142268,142273,142278],{},[237,142269,142270,142272],{},[15,142271,36211],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[237,142274,142275,142277],{},[15,142276,52808],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[237,142279,142280],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142282,309],{},[43,142284,142286],{"className":45,"code":142285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142287,142288,142300,142304,142333,142366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142289,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142291,34824],{"class":58},[52,142293,63],{"class":62},[52,142295,83],{"class":70},[52,142297,139785],{"class":74},[52,142299,3710],{"class":70},[52,142301,142302],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142303,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142305,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142307,142],{"class":141},[52,142309,145],{"class":66},[52,142311,34845],{"class":124},[52,142313,121],{"class":66},[52,142315,141582],{"class":124},[52,142317,145],{"class":66},[52,142319,71],{"class":70},[52,142321,79422],{"class":74},[52,142323,71],{"class":70},[52,142325,91],{"class":66},[52,142327,2807],{"class":103},[52,142329,5715],{"class":66},[52,142331,142332],{"class":4017},"        # True\n",[52,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142362,142364],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142336,142],{"class":141},[52,142338,145],{"class":66},[52,142340,34845],{"class":124},[52,142342,121],{"class":66},[52,142344,141582],{"class":124},[52,142346,145],{"class":66},[52,142348,71],{"class":70},[52,142350,134392],{"class":74},[52,142352,71],{"class":70},[52,142354,91],{"class":66},[52,142356,6714],{"class":103},[52,142358,91],{"class":66},[52,142360,142361],{"class":103}," 13",[52,142363,5715],{"class":66},[52,142365,4018],{"class":4017},[52,142367,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,142369,142],{"class":141},[52,142371,145],{"class":66},[52,142373,34845],{"class":124},[52,142375,121],{"class":66},[52,142377,141582],{"class":124},[52,142379,145],{"class":66},[52,142381,71],{"class":70},[52,142383,134392],{"class":74},[52,142385,71],{"class":70},[52,142387,91],{"class":66},[52,142389,6714],{"class":103},[52,142391,91],{"class":66},[52,142393,31077],{"class":103},[52,142395,5715],{"class":66},[52,142397,5125],{"class":4017},[20,142399,142400,142401,142403],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142402,52808],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[38,142405,142407],{"id":142406},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142409,142410],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142412,142413,142414,49494],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142415,40979],{},[43,142417,142419],{"className":45,"code":142418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142420,142421,142435,142449,142463,142467,142491,142495,142516,142537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142422,142423,142426,142428,142430,142433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142424,142425],{"class":58},"filename1 ",[52,142427,63],{"class":62},[52,142429,83],{"class":70},[52,142431,142432],{"class":74},"img_101.jpg",[52,142434,3710],{"class":70},[52,142436,142437,142440,142442,142444,142447],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142438,142439],{"class":58},"filename2 ",[52,142441,63],{"class":62},[52,142443,83],{"class":70},[52,142445,142446],{"class":74},"photo_202.jpg",[52,142448,3710],{"class":70},[52,142450,142451,142454,142456,142458,142461],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142452,142453],{"class":58},"filename3 ",[52,142455,63],{"class":62},[52,142457,83],{"class":70},[52,142459,142460],{"class":74},"doc_303.jpg",[52,142462,3710],{"class":70},[52,142464,142465],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142466,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142468,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,142470,127801],{"class":58},[52,142472,63],{"class":62},[52,142474,9588],{"class":66},[52,142476,71],{"class":70},[52,142478,142117],{"class":74},[52,142480,71],{"class":70},[52,142482,91],{"class":66},[52,142484,83],{"class":70},[52,142486,142126],{"class":74},[52,142488,71],{"class":70},[52,142490,151],{"class":66},[52,142492,142493],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,142494,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142496,142497,142499,142501,142504,142506,142508,142510,142512,142514],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,142498,142],{"class":141},[52,142500,145],{"class":66},[52,142502,142503],{"class":124},"filename1",[52,142505,121],{"class":66},[52,142507,141582],{"class":124},[52,142509,145],{"class":66},[52,142511,127853],{"class":124},[52,142513,5715],{"class":66},[52,142515,4018],{"class":4017},[52,142517,142518,142520,142522,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,142519,142],{"class":141},[52,142521,145],{"class":66},[52,142523,142524],{"class":124},"filename2",[52,142526,121],{"class":66},[52,142528,141582],{"class":124},[52,142530,145],{"class":66},[52,142532,127853],{"class":124},[52,142534,5715],{"class":66},[52,142536,4018],{"class":4017},[52,142538,142539,142541,142543,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,142540,142],{"class":141},[52,142542,145],{"class":66},[52,142544,142545],{"class":124},"filename3",[52,142547,121],{"class":66},[52,142549,141582],{"class":124},[52,142551,145],{"class":66},[52,142553,127853],{"class":124},[52,142555,5715],{"class":66},[52,142557,5125],{"class":4017},[20,142559,142560],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142562,74923,142563,142567],{},[257,142564,126506,142565,2264],{"href":130100},[15,142566,126564],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[38,142569,124153],{"id":124152},[20,142571,142572,123964],{},[15,142573,127874],{},[20,142575,127551,142576,2218,142579,127558],{},[15,142577,142578],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142580,142581],{},"\"python\"",[43,142583,142585],{"className":45,"code":142584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142586,142587,142599,142603,142627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142588,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142590,34824],{"class":58},[52,142592,63],{"class":62},[52,142594,83],{"class":70},[52,142596,7650],{"class":74},[52,142598,3710],{"class":70},[52,142600,142601],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142602,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142604,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142606,142],{"class":141},[52,142608,145],{"class":66},[52,142610,34845],{"class":124},[52,142612,121],{"class":66},[52,142614,141582],{"class":124},[52,142616,145],{"class":66},[52,142618,71],{"class":70},[52,142620,141693],{"class":74},[52,142622,71],{"class":70},[52,142624,5715],{"class":66},[52,142626,4018],{"class":4017},[52,142628,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142630,142],{"class":141},[52,142632,145],{"class":66},[52,142634,34845],{"class":124},[52,142636,121],{"class":66},[52,142638,141582],{"class":124},[52,142640,145],{"class":66},[52,142642,71],{"class":70},[52,142644,128952],{"class":74},[52,142646,71],{"class":70},[52,142648,5715],{"class":66},[52,142650,5125],{"class":4017},[20,142652,127643,142653,121],{},[257,142654,142655],{"href":124233},[15,142656,124236],{},[43,142658,142660],{"className":45,"code":142659,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142661,142662,142674,142678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142663,142664,142666,142668,142670,142672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142665,34824],{"class":58},[52,142667,63],{"class":62},[52,142669,83],{"class":70},[52,142671,7650],{"class":74},[52,142673,3710],{"class":70},[52,142675,142676],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142677,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142679,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142681,142],{"class":141},[52,142683,145],{"class":66},[52,142685,34845],{"class":124},[52,142687,121],{"class":66},[52,142689,8995],{"class":124},[52,142691,8992],{"class":66},[52,142693,141582],{"class":124},[52,142695,145],{"class":66},[52,142697,71],{"class":70},[52,142699,128952],{"class":74},[52,142701,71],{"class":70},[52,142703,5715],{"class":66},[52,142705,4018],{"class":4017},[38,142707,1063,142709],{"id":142708},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142710,127874],{},[20,142712,142713,142715],{},[15,142714,127874],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142717,9722],{},[234,142719,142720,142723,142726,142735],{},[237,142721,142722],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[237,142724,142725],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[237,142727,142728,142729,261,142732],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142730,142731],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142733,142734],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[237,142736,142737],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142739,309],{},[43,142741,142743],{"className":45,"code":142742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142744,142745,142758,142762,142791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142746,142747,142749,142751,142753,142756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142748,127369],{"class":58},[52,142750,63],{"class":62},[52,142752,83],{"class":70},[52,142754,142755],{"class":74},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[52,142757,3710],{"class":70},[52,142759,142760],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142761,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142763,142764,142766,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142765,7350],{"class":163},[52,142767,142768],{"class":58}," url",[52,142770,121],{"class":66},[52,142772,141582],{"class":124},[52,142774,5864],{"class":66},[52,142776,71],{"class":70},[52,142778,142731],{"class":74},[52,142780,71],{"class":70},[52,142782,91],{"class":66},[52,142784,83],{"class":70},[52,142786,142734],{"class":74},[52,142788,71],{"class":70},[52,142790,69714],{"class":66},[52,142792,142793,142795,142797,142799,142802,142804],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142794,8423],{"class":141},[52,142796,145],{"class":66},[52,142798,71],{"class":70},[52,142800,142801],{"class":74},"This looks like a web URL.",[52,142803,71],{"class":70},[52,142805,151],{"class":66},[38,142807,2022],{"id":2021},[20,142809,23225,142810,121],{},[15,142811,127874],{},[1335,142813,138946],{"id":142814},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142816,142817,123964],{},[15,142818,127874],{},[43,142820,142822],{"className":45,"code":142821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142823,142824,142836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142825,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142827,34824],{"class":58},[52,142829,63],{"class":62},[52,142831,83],{"class":70},[52,142833,7650],{"class":74},[52,142835,3710],{"class":70},[52,142837,142838,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856,142858],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142839,142],{"class":141},[52,142841,145],{"class":66},[52,142843,34845],{"class":124},[52,142845,121],{"class":66},[52,142847,141582],{"class":124},[52,142849,145],{"class":66},[52,142851,71],{"class":70},[52,142853,47],{"class":74},[52,142855,71],{"class":70},[52,142857,5715],{"class":66},[52,142859,5125],{"class":4017},[20,142861,39403],{},[43,142863,142865],{"className":45,"code":142864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142866,142867],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142868,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142870,142],{"class":141},[52,142872,145],{"class":66},[52,142874,34845],{"class":124},[52,142876,121],{"class":66},[52,142878,8995],{"class":124},[52,142880,8992],{"class":66},[52,142882,141582],{"class":124},[52,142884,145],{"class":66},[52,142886,71],{"class":70},[52,142888,47],{"class":74},[52,142890,71],{"class":70},[52,142892,5715],{"class":66},[52,142894,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,142896,29783,142898,137428],{"id":142897},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142899,127874],{},[20,142901,142902],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[43,142904,142906],{"className":45,"code":142905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142907,142908,142916,142920,142925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142909,142910,142912,142914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142911,2796],{"class":58},[52,142913,63],{"class":62},[52,142915,125188],{"class":103},[52,142917,142918],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142919,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,142921,142922],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142923,142924],{"class":4017},"# This will cause an error:\n",[52,142926,142927],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142928,142929],{"class":4017},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142931,39403],{},[43,142933,142935],{"className":45,"code":142934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142936,142937,142951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142938,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142940,2796],{"class":58},[52,142942,63],{"class":62},[52,142944,49050],{"class":3251},[52,142946,145],{"class":66},[52,142948,50392],{"class":103},[52,142950,151],{"class":66},[52,142952,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,142954,142],{"class":141},[52,142956,145],{"class":66},[52,142958,2823],{"class":124},[52,142960,121],{"class":66},[52,142962,141582],{"class":124},[52,142964,145],{"class":66},[52,142966,71],{"class":70},[52,142968,3339],{"class":74},[52,142970,71],{"class":70},[52,142972,5715],{"class":66},[52,142974,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,142976,37344,142978,9059,142980],{"id":142977},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142979,127874],{},[15,142981,4238],{},[20,142983,142984,142986],{},[15,142985,127874],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142988,142989,142990,142992,142993,121],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142991,4238],{}," or methods like ",[257,142994,142995],{"href":124516},[15,142996,124501],{},[43,142998,143000],{"className":45,"code":142999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143001,143002,143014,143018,143042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143003,143004,143006,143008,143010,143012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143005,34824],{"class":58},[52,143007,63],{"class":62},[52,143009,83],{"class":70},[52,143011,60556],{"class":74},[52,143013,3710],{"class":70},[52,143015,143016],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143017,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,143019,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143021,142],{"class":141},[52,143023,145],{"class":66},[52,143025,34845],{"class":124},[52,143027,121],{"class":66},[52,143029,141582],{"class":124},[52,143031,145],{"class":66},[52,143033,71],{"class":70},[52,143035,60741],{"class":74},[52,143037,71],{"class":70},[52,143039,5715],{"class":66},[52,143041,5125],{"class":4017},[52,143043,143044,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,143045,142],{"class":141},[52,143047,145],{"class":66},[52,143049,71],{"class":70},[52,143051,60741],{"class":74},[52,143053,71],{"class":70},[52,143055,21303],{"class":163},[52,143057,42985],{"class":124},[52,143059,4014],{"class":66},[52,143061,143062],{"class":4017},"           # True\n",[20,143064,135980,143065,121],{},[257,143066,127542],{"href":123761},[1335,143068,5058,143070,2218,143072,143074],{"id":143069},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143071,36211],{},[15,143073,52808],{}," use index positions",[20,143076,143077,143078,121],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143079,2467],{},[43,143081,143083],{"className":45,"code":143082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143084,143085,143098,143102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143086,143087,143089,143091,143093,143096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143088,34824],{"class":58},[52,143090,63],{"class":62},[52,143092,83],{"class":70},[52,143094,143095],{"class":74},"abcdef",[52,143097,3710],{"class":70},[52,143099,143100],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143101,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,143103,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143105,142],{"class":141},[52,143107,145],{"class":66},[52,143109,34845],{"class":124},[52,143111,121],{"class":66},[52,143113,141582],{"class":124},[52,143115,145],{"class":66},[52,143117,71],{"class":70},[52,143119,143120],{"class":74},"cd",[52,143122,71],{"class":70},[52,143124,91],{"class":66},[52,143126,1378],{"class":103},[52,143128,5715],{"class":66},[52,143130,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,143132,143134],{"id":143133},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143136,143137],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143139,16770],{},[43,143141,143143],{"className":45,"code":143142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143144,143145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143146,143147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143148,143142],{"class":4017},[20,143150,16782],{},[43,143152,143154],{"className":45,"code":143153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143155,143156,143168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143157,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143159,34824],{"class":58},[52,143161,63],{"class":62},[52,143163,83],{"class":70},[52,143165,7650],{"class":74},[52,143167,3710],{"class":70},[52,143169,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143195,143197,143199],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143171,142],{"class":141},[52,143173,145],{"class":66},[52,143175,34845],{"class":124},[52,143177,121],{"class":66},[52,143179,141582],{"class":124},[52,143181,5864],{"class":66},[52,143183,71],{"class":70},[52,143185,141693],{"class":74},[52,143187,71],{"class":70},[52,143189,91],{"class":66},[52,143191,83],{"class":70},[52,143193,143194],{"class":74},"Ja",[52,143196,71],{"class":70},[52,143198,51238],{"class":66},[52,143200,4018],{"class":4017},[20,143202,32217],{},[43,143204,143206],{"className":45,"code":143205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143207,143208,143218,143232,143254,143280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143209,143210,143212,143214,143216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143211,142],{"class":141},[52,143213,145],{"class":66},[52,143215,34845],{"class":124},[52,143217,151],{"class":66},[52,143219,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228,143230],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143221,142],{"class":141},[52,143223,145],{"class":66},[52,143225,3573],{"class":3251},[52,143227,145],{"class":66},[52,143229,34845],{"class":124},[52,143231,2120],{"class":66},[52,143233,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143235,142],{"class":141},[52,143237,145],{"class":66},[52,143239,34845],{"class":124},[52,143241,121],{"class":66},[52,143243,141582],{"class":124},[52,143245,145],{"class":66},[52,143247,71],{"class":70},[52,143249,141693],{"class":74},[52,143251,71],{"class":70},[52,143253,2120],{"class":66},[52,143255,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,143257,142],{"class":141},[52,143259,145],{"class":66},[52,143261,34845],{"class":124},[52,143263,121],{"class":66},[52,143265,8995],{"class":124},[52,143267,8992],{"class":66},[52,143269,141582],{"class":124},[52,143271,145],{"class":66},[52,143273,71],{"class":70},[52,143275,128952],{"class":74},[52,143277,71],{"class":70},[52,143279,2120],{"class":66},[52,143281,143282,143284,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,143283,142],{"class":141},[52,143285,145],{"class":66},[52,143287,34845],{"class":124},[52,143289,121],{"class":66},[52,143291,141582],{"class":124},[52,143293,5864],{"class":66},[52,143295,71],{"class":70},[52,143297,141693],{"class":74},[52,143299,71],{"class":70},[52,143301,91],{"class":66},[52,143303,83],{"class":70},[52,143305,143194],{"class":74},[52,143307,71],{"class":70},[52,143309,3262],{"class":66},[38,143311,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,143313,2195,143315,128352],{"id":143314},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143316,127874],{},[20,143318,143319,143320,261,143322,121],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143321,1048],{},[15,143323,1039],{},[1335,143325,5523,143327,143329],{"id":143326},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143328,127874],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143331,143332],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[43,143334,143336],{"className":45,"code":143335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143337,143338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143339,143340,143342,143344,143346,143348,143350,143352,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143341,34845],{"class":58},[52,143343,121],{"class":66},[52,143345,141582],{"class":124},[52,143347,5864],{"class":66},[52,143349,71],{"class":70},[52,143351,257],{"class":74},[52,143353,71],{"class":70},[52,143355,91],{"class":66},[52,143357,83],{"class":70},[52,143359,345],{"class":74},[52,143361,71],{"class":70},[52,143363,2120],{"class":66},[1335,143365,2205,143367,124842],{"id":143366},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143368,127874],{},[20,143370,130035],{},[1335,143372,2215,143374,2218,143376,2221],{"id":143373},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143375,127874],{},[15,143377,4238],{},[20,143379,143380,143382,143383,143385],{},[15,143381,127874],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143384,4238],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1335,143387,28461,143389,2218,143391,9059,143393,2221],{"id":143388},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143390,36211],{},[15,143392,52808],{},[15,143394,127874],{},[20,143396,143397],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[38,143399,2240],{"id":2239},[234,143401,143402,143408,143414,143420,143424],{},[237,143403,143404],{},[257,143405,126506,143406,2264],{"href":130100},[15,143407,126564],{},[237,143409,143410],{},[257,143411,126506,143412,2264],{"href":124516},[15,143413,124501],{},[237,143415,143416],{},[257,143417,126506,143418,2264],{"href":124233},[15,143419,124236],{},[237,143421,143422],{},[257,143423,124905],{"href":123761},[237,143425,143426],{},[257,143427,125261],{"href":51122},[2278,143429,143430],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":141907,"depth":110,"text":141908,"children":143437},[143438,143439,143440,143441],{"id":141745,"depth":131,"text":141745},{"id":36211,"depth":131,"text":36211},{"id":52808,"depth":131,"text":52808},{"id":142074,"depth":131,"text":142075},{"id":17545,"depth":110,"text":17546},{"id":142252,"depth":110,"text":143444},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142406,"depth":110,"text":142407},{"id":124152,"depth":110,"text":124153},{"id":142708,"depth":110,"text":143448},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":143450},[143451,143452,143454,143456,143458],{"id":142814,"depth":131,"text":138946},{"id":142897,"depth":131,"text":143453},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142977,"depth":131,"text":143455},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143069,"depth":131,"text":143457},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143133,"depth":131,"text":143134},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":143460},[143461,143463,143465,143467,143469],{"id":143314,"depth":131,"text":143462},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143326,"depth":131,"text":143464},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143366,"depth":131,"text":143466},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143373,"depth":131,"text":143468},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143388,"depth":131,"text":143470},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141528,"description":143472},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143479,"title":143480,"body":143481,"description":144935,"extension":2310,"meta":144936,"navigation":134,"path":144937,"seo":144938,"stem":144939,"__hash__":144940},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143482,"toc":144905},[143483,143488,143493,143496,143498,143542,143544,143552,143557,143562,143567,143569,143587,143589,143635,143637,143651,143660,143664,143666,143668,143680,143685,143688,143720,143722,143731,143736,143739,143780,143782,143790,143792,143805,143811,143815,143818,143834,143836,143885,143887,143896,143899,143958,143960,143969,143976,143979,144032,144034,144058,144065,144071,144075,144081,144084,144095,144097,144137,144139,144147,144149,144189,144191,144200,144202,144220,144223,144230,144241,144244,144261,144263,144340,144342,144373,144376,144378,144381,144407,144409,144449,144451,144460,144470,144478,144486,144491,144496,144498,144512,144514,144565,144567,144576,144586,144588,144590,144612,144615,144694,144696,144732,144735,144810,144815,144817,144823,144828,144833,144836,144842,144845,144852,144860,144864,144872,144874,144902],[10,143484,123506,143486,18],{"id":143485},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143487,41796],{},[20,143489,32452,143490,143492],{},[15,143491,41796],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143494,143495],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[38,143497,3961],{"id":3960},[43,143499,143501],{"className":45,"code":143500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143502,143503,143516,143531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143504,143505,143507,143509,143511,143514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143506,34824],{"class":58},[52,143508,63],{"class":62},[52,143510,83],{"class":70},[52,143512,143513],{"class":74},"  hello  ",[52,143515,3710],{"class":70},[52,143517,143518,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143519,143520],{"class":58},"clean_text ",[52,143522,63],{"class":62},[52,143524,42985],{"class":58},[52,143526,121],{"class":66},[52,143528,8989],{"class":124},[52,143530,128],{"class":66},[52,143532,143533,143535,143537,143540],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143534,142],{"class":141},[52,143536,145],{"class":66},[52,143538,143539],{"class":124},"clean_text",[52,143541,151],{"class":66},[20,143543,173],{},[43,143545,143546],{"className":45,"code":138821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143547,143548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143549,143550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143551,138821],{"class":58},[20,143553,222,143554,143556],{},[15,143555,41796],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[38,143558,4031,143560,4034],{"id":143559},"what-strip-does",[15,143561,41796],{},[20,143563,143564,143566],{},[15,143565,41796],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143568,293],{},[234,143570,143571,143575,143578,143581,143584],{},[237,143572,143573,131856],{},[15,143574,41796],{},[237,143576,143577],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[237,143579,143580],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[237,143582,143583],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[237,143585,143586],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143588,309],{},[43,143590,143592],{"className":45,"code":143591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143593,143594,143607,143611,143625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143595,143596,143598,143600,143602,143605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143597,34824],{"class":58},[52,143599,63],{"class":62},[52,143601,83],{"class":70},[52,143603,143604],{"class":74},"  hello world  ",[52,143606,3710],{"class":70},[52,143608,143609],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143610,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,143612,143613,143615,143617,143619,143621,143623],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143614,142],{"class":141},[52,143616,145],{"class":66},[52,143618,34845],{"class":124},[52,143620,121],{"class":66},[52,143622,8989],{"class":124},[52,143624,7547],{"class":66},[52,143626,143627,143629,143631,143633],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,143628,142],{"class":141},[52,143630,145],{"class":66},[52,143632,34845],{"class":124},[52,143634,151],{"class":66},[20,143636,173],{},[43,143638,143640],{"className":45,"code":143639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143641,143642,143646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143643,143644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143645,134522],{"class":58},[52,143647,143648],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143649,143650],{"class":58},"  hello world\n",[20,143652,143653,143654,143656,143657,143659],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143655,41796],{},", but the original ",[15,143658,34845],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143661,125258,143662,121],{},[257,143663,125261],{"href":51122},[38,143665,269],{"id":268},[20,143667,26619],{},[234,143669,143670,143675],{},[237,143671,143672],{},[15,143673,143674],{},"string.strip()",[237,143676,143677],{},[15,143678,143679],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1335,143681,143683],{"id":143682},"stringstrip",[15,143684,143674],{},[20,143686,143687],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[43,143689,143691],{"className":45,"code":143690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143692,143693,143706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143694,143695,143697,143699,143701,143704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143696,8230],{"class":58},[52,143698,63],{"class":62},[52,143700,83],{"class":70},[52,143702,143703],{"class":74},"  Alice  ",[52,143705,3710],{"class":70},[52,143707,143708,143710,143712,143714,143716,143718],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143709,142],{"class":141},[52,143711,145],{"class":66},[52,143713,75],{"class":124},[52,143715,121],{"class":66},[52,143717,8989],{"class":124},[52,143719,7547],{"class":66},[20,143721,173],{},[43,143723,143725],{"className":45,"code":143724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Alice\n",[15,143726,143727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143728,143729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143730,143724],{"class":58},[1335,143732,143734],{"id":143733},"stringstripchars",[15,143735,143679],{},[20,143737,143738],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[43,143740,143742],{"className":45,"code":143741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143743,143744,143757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143745,143746,143748,143750,143752,143755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143747,34824],{"class":58},[52,143749,63],{"class":62},[52,143751,83],{"class":70},[52,143753,143754],{"class":74},"!!hello??",[52,143756,3710],{"class":70},[52,143758,143759,143761,143763,143765,143767,143769,143771,143773,143776,143778],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143760,142],{"class":141},[52,143762,145],{"class":66},[52,143764,34845],{"class":124},[52,143766,121],{"class":66},[52,143768,8989],{"class":124},[52,143770,145],{"class":66},[52,143772,71],{"class":70},[52,143774,143775],{"class":74},"!?",[52,143777,71],{"class":70},[52,143779,2120],{"class":66},[20,143781,173],{},[43,143783,143784],{"className":45,"code":138821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143785,143786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143787,143788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143789,138821],{"class":58},[20,143791,83972],{},[234,143793,143794,143799],{},[237,143795,143796,143798],{},[15,143797,134765],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[237,143800,143801,143802,143804],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143803,134765],{}," does not matter",[38,143806,143808,143809],{"id":143807},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143810,41796],{},[20,143812,31019,143813,121],{},[15,143814,41796],{},[20,143816,143817],{},"It is useful for:",[234,143819,143820,143825,143828,143831],{},[237,143821,143822,143823,4241],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143824,3308],{},[237,143826,143827],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[237,143829,143830],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[237,143832,143833],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143835,48507],{},[43,143837,143839],{"className":45,"code":143838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143840,143841,143854,143870,143874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143842,143843,143845,143847,143849,143852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143844,8315],{"class":58},[52,143846,63],{"class":62},[52,143848,83],{"class":70},[52,143850,143851],{"class":74},"  sam  ",[52,143853,3710],{"class":70},[52,143855,143856,143859,143861,143864,143866,143868],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143857,143858],{"class":58},"clean_username ",[52,143860,63],{"class":62},[52,143862,143863],{"class":58}," username",[52,143865,121],{"class":66},[52,143867,8989],{"class":124},[52,143869,128],{"class":66},[52,143871,143872],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143873,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,143875,143876,143878,143880,143883],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,143877,142],{"class":141},[52,143879,145],{"class":66},[52,143881,143882],{"class":124},"clean_username",[52,143884,151],{"class":66},[20,143886,173],{},[43,143888,143890],{"className":45,"code":143889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sam\n",[15,143891,143892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143893,143894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143895,143889],{"class":58},[20,143897,143898],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[43,143900,143902],{"className":45,"code":143901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143903,143904,143917,143921,143943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143905,143906,143908,143910,143912,143915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143907,136749],{"class":58},[52,143909,63],{"class":62},[52,143911,83],{"class":70},[52,143913,143914],{"class":74}," yes  ",[52,143916,3710],{"class":70},[52,143918,143919],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,143920,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,143922,143923,143925,143927,143929,143931,143933,143935,143937,143939,143941],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143924,7350],{"class":163},[52,143926,136769],{"class":58},[52,143928,121],{"class":66},[52,143930,8989],{"class":124},[52,143932,7719],{"class":66},[52,143934,6763],{"class":62},[52,143936,83],{"class":70},[52,143938,9012],{"class":74},[52,143940,71],{"class":70},[52,143942,6748],{"class":66},[52,143944,143945,143947,143949,143951,143954,143956],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,143946,8423],{"class":141},[52,143948,145],{"class":66},[52,143950,71],{"class":70},[52,143952,143953],{"class":74},"Matched",[52,143955,71],{"class":70},[52,143957,151],{"class":66},[20,143959,173],{},[43,143961,143963],{"className":45,"code":143962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Matched\n",[15,143964,143965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143966,143967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143968,143962],{"class":58},[20,143970,143971,143972,121],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[257,143973,143975],{"href":143974},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143977,143978],{},"Example with file-style text:",[43,143980,143982],{"className":45,"code":143981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143983,143984,144000,144014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143985,143986,143989,143991,143993,143996,143998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143987,143988],{"class":58},"line ",[52,143990,63],{"class":62},[52,143992,83],{"class":70},[52,143994,143995],{"class":74},"Python basics",[52,143997,87304],{"class":34589},[52,143999,3710],{"class":70},[52,144001,144002,144004,144006,144008,144010,144012],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144003,142],{"class":141},[52,144005,145],{"class":66},[52,144007,41922],{"class":141},[52,144009,145],{"class":66},[52,144011,54],{"class":124},[52,144013,2120],{"class":66},[52,144015,144016,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028,144030],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144017,142],{"class":141},[52,144019,145],{"class":66},[52,144021,41922],{"class":141},[52,144023,145],{"class":66},[52,144025,54],{"class":124},[52,144027,121],{"class":66},[52,144029,8989],{"class":124},[52,144031,6644],{"class":66},[20,144033,173],{},[43,144035,144037],{"className":45,"code":144036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144038,144039,144050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144040,144041,144043,144045,144048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144042,186],{"class":43472},[52,144044,143995],{"class":43476},[52,144046,87304],{"class":144047},"sfi6f",[52,144049,29833],{"class":43472},[52,144051,144052,144054,144056],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144053,186],{"class":43472},[52,144055,143995],{"class":43476},[52,144057,29833],{"class":43472},[20,144059,1326,144060,144062,144063,121],{},[15,144061,122720],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144064,87304],{},[20,144066,144067,144068,121],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[257,144069,144070],{"href":87957},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[38,144072,144074],{"id":144073},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144076,144077,144078,121],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144079,144080],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144082,144083],{},"Python will:",[234,144085,144086,144089,144092],{},[237,144087,144088],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[237,144090,144091],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[237,144093,144094],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144096,309],{},[43,144098,144100],{"className":45,"code":144099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144101,144102,144115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144103,144104,144106,144108,144110,144113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144105,34824],{"class":58},[52,144107,63],{"class":62},[52,144109,83],{"class":70},[52,144111,144112],{"class":74},"??hello!!",[52,144114,3710],{"class":70},[52,144116,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133,144135],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144118,142],{"class":141},[52,144120,145],{"class":66},[52,144122,34845],{"class":124},[52,144124,121],{"class":66},[52,144126,8989],{"class":124},[52,144128,145],{"class":66},[52,144130,71],{"class":70},[52,144132,143775],{"class":74},[52,144134,71],{"class":70},[52,144136,2120],{"class":66},[20,144138,173],{},[43,144140,144141],{"className":45,"code":138821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,144142,144143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144144,144145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144146,138821],{"class":58},[20,144148,52227],{},[43,144150,144152],{"className":45,"code":144151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144153,144154,144167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144155,144156,144158,144160,144162,144165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144157,34824],{"class":58},[52,144159,63],{"class":62},[52,144161,83],{"class":70},[52,144163,144164],{"class":74},"abcHelloCba",[52,144166,3710],{"class":70},[52,144168,144169,144171,144173,144175,144177,144179,144181,144183,144185,144187],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144170,142],{"class":141},[52,144172,145],{"class":66},[52,144174,34845],{"class":124},[52,144176,121],{"class":66},[52,144178,8989],{"class":124},[52,144180,145],{"class":66},[52,144182,71],{"class":70},[52,144184,41703],{"class":74},[52,144186,71],{"class":70},[52,144188,2120],{"class":66},[20,144190,173],{},[43,144192,144194],{"className":45,"code":144193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloC\n",[15,144195,144196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144197,144198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144199,144193],{"class":58},[20,144201,6589],{},[20,144203,144204,1329,144207,144209,144210,144212,144213,2536,144215,2540,144217,144219],{},[15,144205,144206],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[33,144208,1332],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144211,41703],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144214,257],{},[15,144216,345],{},[15,144218,10087],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144221,144222],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144224,144225,144226,6983],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[257,144227,144228],{"href":130087},[15,144229,124677],{},[38,144231,144233,10931,144235,10931,144238],{"id":144232},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144234,41796],{},[15,144236,144237],{},"lstrip()",[15,144239,144240],{},"rstrip()",[20,144242,144243],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[234,144245,144246,144251,144256],{},[237,144247,144248,144250],{},[15,144249,41796],{}," removes from both ends",[237,144252,144253,144255],{},[15,144254,144237],{}," removes from the left side only",[237,144257,144258,144260],{},[15,144259,144240],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144262,309],{},[43,144264,144266],{"className":45,"code":144265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144267,144268,144280,144284,144302,144321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144269,144270,144272,144274,144276,144278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144271,34824],{"class":58},[52,144273,63],{"class":62},[52,144275,83],{"class":70},[52,144277,143513],{"class":74},[52,144279,3710],{"class":70},[52,144281,144282],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144283,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,144285,144286,144288,144290,144292,144294,144296,144298,144300],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144287,142],{"class":141},[52,144289,145],{"class":66},[52,144291,41922],{"class":141},[52,144293,145],{"class":66},[52,144295,34845],{"class":124},[52,144297,121],{"class":66},[52,144299,8989],{"class":124},[52,144301,6644],{"class":66},[52,144303,144304,144306,144308,144310,144312,144314,144316,144319],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,144305,142],{"class":141},[52,144307,145],{"class":66},[52,144309,41922],{"class":141},[52,144311,145],{"class":66},[52,144313,34845],{"class":124},[52,144315,121],{"class":66},[52,144317,144318],{"class":124},"lstrip",[52,144320,6644],{"class":66},[52,144322,144323,144325,144327,144329,144331,144333,144335,144338],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,144324,142],{"class":141},[52,144326,145],{"class":66},[52,144328,41922],{"class":141},[52,144330,145],{"class":66},[52,144332,34845],{"class":124},[52,144334,121],{"class":66},[52,144336,144337],{"class":124},"rstrip",[52,144339,6644],{"class":66},[20,144341,173],{},[43,144343,144345],{"className":45,"code":144344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144346,144347,144355,144364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144348,144349,144351,144353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144350,186],{"class":43472},[52,144352,4201],{"class":43476},[52,144354,29833],{"class":43472},[52,144356,144357,144359,144362],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144358,186],{"class":43472},[52,144360,144361],{"class":43476},"hello  ",[52,144363,29833],{"class":43472},[52,144365,144366,144368,144371],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144367,186],{"class":43472},[52,144369,144370],{"class":43476},"  hello",[52,144372,29833],{"class":43472},[20,144374,144375],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[38,144377,108514],{"id":108513},[20,144379,144380],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[234,144382,144383,144391,144401,144404],{},[237,144384,144385,144387,144388,144390],{},[15,144386,144206],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144389,41672],{}," once",[237,144392,144393,144394,2536,144396,2540,144398,144400],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144395,257],{},[15,144397,345],{},[15,144399,10087],{}," from both ends",[237,144402,144403],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[237,144405,144406],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144408,309],{},[43,144410,144412],{"className":45,"code":144411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144413,144414,144427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144415,144416,144418,144420,144422,144425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144417,126589],{"class":58},[52,144419,63],{"class":62},[52,144421,83],{"class":70},[52,144423,144424],{"class":74},"txt_report.txt",[52,144426,3710],{"class":70},[52,144428,144429,144431,144433,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144430,142],{"class":141},[52,144432,145],{"class":66},[52,144434,126607],{"class":124},[52,144436,121],{"class":66},[52,144438,8989],{"class":124},[52,144440,145],{"class":66},[52,144442,71],{"class":70},[52,144444,126642],{"class":74},[52,144446,71],{"class":70},[52,144448,2120],{"class":66},[20,144450,173],{},[43,144452,144454],{"className":45,"code":144453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"_report\n",[15,144455,144456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144457,144458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144459,144453],{"class":58},[20,144461,144462,144463,2536,144465,2540,144467,144469],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144464,121],{},[15,144466,63437],{},[15,144468,1357],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144471,53801,144472,1036,144475,144477],{},[15,144473,144474],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[33,144476,1332],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144479,144480,144481,144485],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[257,144482,144483],{"href":130087},[15,144484,124677],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[38,144487,1063,144489],{"id":144488},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144490,41796],{},[20,144492,222,144493,144495],{},[15,144494,41796],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144497,36565],{},[234,144499,144500,144504,144506,144509],{},[237,144501,143822,144502,4241],{},[15,144503,3308],{},[237,144505,143827],{},[237,144507,144508],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[237,144510,144511],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144513,309],{},[43,144515,144517],{"className":45,"code":144516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144518,144519,144533,144537,144550],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144520,144521,144524,144526,144528,144531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144522,144523],{"class":58},"email ",[52,144525,63],{"class":62},[52,144527,83],{"class":70},[52,144529,144530],{"class":74},"  user@example.com  ",[52,144532,3710],{"class":70},[52,144534,144535],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144536,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,144538,144539,144541,144544,144546,144548],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144540,7350],{"class":163},[52,144542,144543],{"class":58}," email",[52,144545,121],{"class":66},[52,144547,8989],{"class":124},[52,144549,21725],{"class":66},[52,144551,144552,144554,144556,144558,144561,144563],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,144553,8423],{"class":141},[52,144555,145],{"class":66},[52,144557,71],{"class":70},[52,144559,144560],{"class":74},"Email was entered",[52,144562,71],{"class":70},[52,144564,151],{"class":66},[20,144566,173],{},[43,144568,144570],{"className":45,"code":144569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Email was entered\n",[15,144571,144572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144573,144574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144575,144569],{"class":58},[20,144577,144578,144579,144581,144582,121],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144580,41796],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[257,144583,144584],{"href":124233},[15,144585,124236],{},[38,144587,2022],{"id":2021},[20,144589,84391],{},[234,144591,144592,144596,144601,144606],{},[237,144593,8807,144594,131726],{},[15,144595,41796],{},[237,144597,8807,144598,144600],{},[15,144599,41796],{}," to remove text from the middle",[237,144602,1326,144603,144605],{},[15,144604,144474],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[237,144607,5058,144608,144611],{},[15,144609,144610],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144613,144614],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[43,144616,144618],{"className":45,"code":144617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144619,144620,144634,144638,144648,144662,144676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144621,144622,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144623,34824],{"class":58},[52,144625,63],{"class":62},[52,144627,83],{"class":70},[52,144629,144370],{"class":74},[52,144631,87304],{"class":34589},[52,144633,3710],{"class":70},[52,144635,144636],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144637,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,144639,144640,144642,144644,144646],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144641,142],{"class":141},[52,144643,145],{"class":66},[52,144645,34845],{"class":124},[52,144647,151],{"class":66},[52,144649,144650,144652,144654,144656,144658,144660],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,144651,142],{"class":141},[52,144653,145],{"class":66},[52,144655,41922],{"class":141},[52,144657,145],{"class":66},[52,144659,34845],{"class":124},[52,144661,2120],{"class":66},[52,144663,144664,144666,144668,144670,144672,144674],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,144665,142],{"class":141},[52,144667,145],{"class":66},[52,144669,34845],{"class":124},[52,144671,121],{"class":66},[52,144673,8989],{"class":124},[52,144675,7547],{"class":66},[52,144677,144678,144680,144682,144684,144686,144688,144690,144692],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,144679,142],{"class":141},[52,144681,145],{"class":66},[52,144683,41922],{"class":141},[52,144685,145],{"class":66},[52,144687,34845],{"class":124},[52,144689,121],{"class":66},[52,144691,8989],{"class":124},[52,144693,6644],{"class":66},[20,144695,173],{},[43,144697,144699],{"className":45,"code":144698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144700,144701,144706,144710,144720,144724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144702,144703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144704,144705],{"class":58},"  hello\n",[52,144707,144708],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144709,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,144711,144712,144714,144716,144718],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144713,186],{"class":43472},[52,144715,144370],{"class":43476},[52,144717,87304],{"class":144047},[52,144719,29833],{"class":43472},[52,144721,144722],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,144723,138821],{"class":58},[52,144725,144726,144728,144730],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,144727,186],{"class":43472},[52,144729,4201],{"class":43476},[52,144731,29833],{"class":43472},[20,144733,144734],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[43,144736,144738],{"className":45,"code":144737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144739,144740,144750,144764,144778,144796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144741,144742,144744,144746,144748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144743,142],{"class":141},[52,144745,145],{"class":66},[52,144747,34845],{"class":124},[52,144749,151],{"class":66},[52,144751,144752,144754,144756,144758,144760,144762],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144753,142],{"class":141},[52,144755,145],{"class":66},[52,144757,41922],{"class":141},[52,144759,145],{"class":66},[52,144761,34845],{"class":124},[52,144763,2120],{"class":66},[52,144765,144766,144768,144770,144772,144774,144776],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144767,142],{"class":141},[52,144769,145],{"class":66},[52,144771,34845],{"class":124},[52,144773,121],{"class":66},[52,144775,8989],{"class":124},[52,144777,7547],{"class":66},[52,144779,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788,144790,144792,144794],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,144781,142],{"class":141},[52,144783,145],{"class":66},[52,144785,41922],{"class":141},[52,144787,145],{"class":66},[52,144789,34845],{"class":124},[52,144791,121],{"class":66},[52,144793,8989],{"class":124},[52,144795,6644],{"class":66},[52,144797,144798,144800,144802,144804,144806,144808],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,144799,32287],{"class":141},[52,144801,145],{"class":66},[52,144803,3795],{"class":3251},[52,144805,121],{"class":66},[52,144807,8989],{"class":24881},[52,144809,151],{"class":66},[20,144811,144812,144814],{},[15,144813,122720],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[38,144816,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,144818,2195,144820,144822],{"id":144819},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144821,41796],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144824,46510,144825,144827],{},[15,144826,41796],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1335,144829,2195,144831,124833],{"id":144830},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144832,41796],{},[20,144834,144835],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1335,144837,5495,144839,144841],{"id":144838},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144840,41796],{}," remove by default?",[20,144843,144844],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1335,144846,34341,144848,34344,144850,2221],{"id":144847},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144849,41796],{},[15,144851,124677],{},[20,144853,144854,144856,144857,144859],{},[15,144855,41796],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144858,124677],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1335,144861,144863],{"id":144862},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144865,128379,144866,144868,144869,144871],{},[15,144867,144237],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144870,144240],{}," for the right side.",[38,144873,2240],{"id":2239},[234,144875,144876,144882,144888,144893,144898],{},[237,144877,144878],{},[257,144879,126506,144880,2264],{"href":124233},[15,144881,124236],{},[237,144883,144884],{},[257,144885,126506,144886,2264],{"href":130087},[15,144887,124677],{},[237,144889,144890],{},[257,144891,144892],{"href":143974},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[237,144894,144895],{},[257,144896,144897],{"href":87957},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[237,144899,144900],{},[257,144901,125261],{"href":51122},[2278,144903,144904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":144906},[144907,144908,144910,144914,144916,144917,144919,144920,144922,144923,144934],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":143559,"depth":110,"text":144909},"What strip() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":144911},[144912,144913],{"id":143682,"depth":131,"text":143674},{"id":143733,"depth":131,"text":143679},{"id":143807,"depth":110,"text":144915},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144073,"depth":110,"text":144074},{"id":144232,"depth":110,"text":144918},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108513,"depth":110,"text":108514},{"id":144488,"depth":110,"text":144921},"When to use strip()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":144924},[144925,144927,144929,144931,144933],{"id":144819,"depth":131,"text":144926},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144830,"depth":131,"text":144928},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144838,"depth":131,"text":144930},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144847,"depth":131,"text":144932},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144862,"depth":131,"text":144863},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143480,"description":144935},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144942,"title":144943,"body":144944,"description":146124,"extension":2310,"meta":146125,"navigation":134,"path":146126,"seo":146127,"stem":146128,"__hash__":146129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144945,"toc":146094},[144946,144951,144956,144961,144963,145009,145017,145022,145036,145042,145044,145046,145061,145063,145073,145076,145107,145110,145133,145135,145138,145195,145197,145211,145213,145227,145233,145238,145241,145282,145284,145293,145301,145304,145349,145351,145360,145363,145367,145372,145386,145388,145420,145422,145442,145445,145450,145455,145457,145468,145471,145528,145530,145538,145547,145549,145551,145557,145559,145596,145598,145606,145608,145649,145651,145660,145665,145670,145672,145699,145706,145709,145740,145742,145751,145757,145766,145797,145799,145811,145824,145828,145833,145863,145865,145932,145934,145944,145946,145951,145954,145959,145964,145968,145974,145980,145983,145985,146043,146045,146053,146055,146091],[10,144947,123506,144949,18],{"id":144948},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144950,128384],{},[20,144952,123511,144953,144955],{},[15,144954,128384],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144957,84768,144958,144960],{},[15,144959,128384],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[38,144962,41],{"id":40},[43,144964,144966],{"className":45,"code":144965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144967,144968,144980,144994,145004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144969,144970,144972,144974,144976,144978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144971,34824],{"class":58},[52,144973,63],{"class":62},[52,144975,83],{"class":70},[52,144977,129225],{"class":74},[52,144979,3710],{"class":70},[52,144981,144982,144984,144986,144988,144990,144992],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,144983,2577],{"class":58},[52,144985,63],{"class":62},[52,144987,42985],{"class":58},[52,144989,121],{"class":66},[52,144991,34614],{"class":124},[52,144993,128],{"class":66},[52,144995,144996,144998,145000,145002],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144997,142],{"class":141},[52,144999,145],{"class":66},[52,145001,2612],{"class":124},[52,145003,151],{"class":66},[52,145005,145006],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145007,145008],{"class":4017},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145010,145011,145013,145014,145016],{},[15,145012,128384],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[33,145015,1332],{}," change the original string in place.",[38,145018,4031,145020,4034],{"id":145019},"what-upper-does",[15,145021,128384],{},[234,145023,145024,145029,145032,145034],{},[237,145025,145026,145028],{},[15,145027,128384],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[237,145030,145031],{},"It works on string values only",[237,145033,133754],{},[237,145035,136472],{},[20,145037,125258,145038,261,145040,121],{},[257,145039,136478],{"href":136477},[257,145041,125261],{"href":51122},[38,145043,269],{"id":268},[20,145045,2507],{},[43,145047,145049],{"className":45,"code":145048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.upper()\n",[15,145050,145051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145052,145053,145055,145057,145059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145054,61324],{"class":58},[52,145056,121],{"class":66},[52,145058,34614],{"class":124},[52,145060,128],{"class":66},[20,145062,11798],{},[234,145064,145065,145067,145070],{},[237,145066,97679],{},[237,145068,145069],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[237,145071,145072],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145074,145075],{},"Example with a variable:",[43,145077,145079],{"className":45,"code":145078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145080,145081,145093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145082,145083,145085,145087,145089,145091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145084,8230],{"class":58},[52,145086,63],{"class":62},[52,145088,83],{"class":70},[52,145090,47],{"class":74},[52,145092,3710],{"class":70},[52,145094,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103,145105],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145096,142],{"class":141},[52,145098,145],{"class":66},[52,145100,75],{"class":124},[52,145102,121],{"class":66},[52,145104,34614],{"class":124},[52,145106,7547],{"class":66},[20,145108,145109],{},"Example with a string literal:",[43,145111,145113],{"className":45,"code":145112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145114,145115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145116,145117,145119,145121,145123,145125,145127,145129,145131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145118,142],{"class":141},[52,145120,145],{"class":66},[52,145122,71],{"class":70},[52,145124,4201],{"class":74},[52,145126,71],{"class":70},[52,145128,121],{"class":66},[52,145130,34614],{"class":124},[52,145132,7547],{"class":66},[38,145134,438],{"id":437},[20,145136,145137],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[43,145139,145141],{"className":45,"code":145140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145142,145143,145155,145170,145174,145184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145144,145145,145147,145149,145151,145153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145146,6508],{"class":58},[52,145148,63],{"class":62},[52,145150,83],{"class":70},[52,145152,4441],{"class":74},[52,145154,3710],{"class":70},[52,145156,145157,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145158,145159],{"class":58},"uppercase_word ",[52,145161,63],{"class":62},[52,145163,38522],{"class":58},[52,145165,121],{"class":66},[52,145167,34614],{"class":124},[52,145169,128],{"class":66},[52,145171,145172],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145173,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,145175,145176,145178,145180,145182],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145177,142],{"class":141},[52,145179,145],{"class":66},[52,145181,38532],{"class":124},[52,145183,151],{"class":66},[52,145185,145186,145188,145190,145193],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,145187,142],{"class":141},[52,145189,145],{"class":66},[52,145191,145192],{"class":124},"uppercase_word",[52,145194,151],{"class":66},[20,145196,173],{},[43,145198,145200],{"className":45,"code":145199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145201,145202,145206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145203,145204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145205,70557],{"class":58},[52,145207,145208],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145209,145210],{"class":34589},"BANANA\n",[20,145212,112620],{},[234,145214,145215,145220],{},[237,145216,145217,145219],{},[15,145218,38532],{}," keeps its original value",[237,145221,145222,145224,145225],{},[15,145223,145192],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145226,128384],{},[38,145228,145230,145232],{"id":145229},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145231,128384],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145234,137138,145235,145237],{},[33,145236,137141],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145239,145240],{},"So this method:",[43,145242,145244],{"className":45,"code":145243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145245,145246,145258,145268,145272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145247,145248,145250,145252,145254,145256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145249,8230],{"class":58},[52,145251,63],{"class":62},[52,145253,83],{"class":70},[52,145255,17931],{"class":74},[52,145257,3710],{"class":70},[52,145259,145260,145262,145264,145266],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145261,75],{"class":58},[52,145263,121],{"class":66},[52,145265,34614],{"class":124},[52,145267,128],{"class":66},[52,145269,145270],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145271,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,145273,145274,145276,145278,145280],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145275,142],{"class":141},[52,145277,145],{"class":66},[52,145279,75],{"class":124},[52,145281,151],{"class":66},[20,145283,173],{},[43,145285,145287],{"className":45,"code":145286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"alice\n",[15,145288,145289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145290,145291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145292,145286],{"class":58},[20,145294,21107,145295,145297,145298,145300],{},[15,145296,128384],{}," was called, ",[15,145299,75],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145302,145303],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[43,145305,145307],{"className":45,"code":145306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145308,145309,145321,145335,145339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145310,145311,145313,145315,145317,145319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145312,8230],{"class":58},[52,145314,63],{"class":62},[52,145316,83],{"class":70},[52,145318,17931],{"class":74},[52,145320,3710],{"class":70},[52,145322,145323,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145324,8230],{"class":58},[52,145326,63],{"class":62},[52,145328,36130],{"class":58},[52,145330,121],{"class":66},[52,145332,34614],{"class":124},[52,145334,128],{"class":66},[52,145336,145337],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145338,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,145340,145341,145343,145345,145347],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145342,142],{"class":141},[52,145344,145],{"class":66},[52,145346,75],{"class":124},[52,145348,151],{"class":66},[20,145350,173],{},[43,145352,145354],{"className":45,"code":145353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ALICE\n",[15,145355,145356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145357,145358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145359,145353],{"class":34589},[20,145361,145362],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[38,145364,145366],{"id":145365},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145368,145369,145371],{},[15,145370,128384],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[234,145373,145374,145377,145380,145383],{},[237,145375,145376],{},"Numbers stay the same",[237,145378,145379],{},"Spaces stay the same",[237,145381,145382],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[237,145384,145385],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145387,309],{},[43,145389,145391],{"className":45,"code":145390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145392,145393,145406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145394,145395,145397,145399,145401,145404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145396,34824],{"class":58},[52,145398,63],{"class":62},[52,145400,83],{"class":70},[52,145402,145403],{"class":74},"Room 7, table #3!",[52,145405,3710],{"class":70},[52,145407,145408,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145409,142],{"class":141},[52,145411,145],{"class":66},[52,145413,34845],{"class":124},[52,145415,121],{"class":66},[52,145417,34614],{"class":124},[52,145419,7547],{"class":66},[20,145421,173],{},[43,145423,145425],{"className":45,"code":145424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145426,145427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145428,145429,145432,145434,145436,145439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145430,145431],{"class":34589},"ROOM",[52,145433,6348],{"class":103},[52,145435,91],{"class":66},[52,145437,145438],{"class":34589}," TABLE",[52,145440,145441],{"class":4017}," #3!\n",[20,145443,145444],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[38,145446,1063,145448],{"id":145447},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145449,128384],{},[20,145451,145452,145454],{},[15,145453,128384],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145456,48485],{},[234,145458,145459,145462,145465],{},[237,145460,145461],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[237,145463,145464],{},"Format labels or headings",[237,145466,145467],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145469,145470],{},"Example: simple comparison",[43,145472,145474],{"className":45,"code":145473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145475,145476,145488,145492,145514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145477,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145479,136749],{"class":58},[52,145481,63],{"class":62},[52,145483,83],{"class":70},[52,145485,9012],{"class":74},[52,145487,3710],{"class":70},[52,145489,145490],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145491,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,145493,145494,145496,145498,145500,145502,145504,145506,145508,145510,145512],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145495,7350],{"class":163},[52,145497,136769],{"class":58},[52,145499,121],{"class":66},[52,145501,34614],{"class":124},[52,145503,7719],{"class":66},[52,145505,6763],{"class":62},[52,145507,83],{"class":70},[52,145509,136756],{"class":74},[52,145511,71],{"class":70},[52,145513,6748],{"class":66},[52,145515,145516,145518,145520,145522,145524,145526],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145517,8423],{"class":141},[52,145519,145],{"class":66},[52,145521,71],{"class":70},[52,145523,143953],{"class":74},[52,145525,71],{"class":70},[52,145527,151],{"class":66},[20,145529,173],{},[43,145531,145532],{"className":45,"code":143962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145533,145534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145535,145536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145537,143962],{"class":58},[20,145539,145540,145541,2536,145543,2540,145545,121],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145542,9012],{},[15,145544,137542],{},[15,145546,136756],{},[38,145548,2022],{"id":2021},[1335,145550,96040],{"id":96039},[20,145552,8470,145553,145556],{},[15,145554,145555],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145558,16770],{},[43,145560,145562],{"className":45,"code":145561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145563,145564,145576,145586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145565,145566,145568,145570,145572,145574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145567,34824],{"class":58},[52,145569,63],{"class":62},[52,145571,83],{"class":70},[52,145573,4201],{"class":74},[52,145575,3710],{"class":70},[52,145577,145578,145580,145582,145584],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145579,34845],{"class":58},[52,145581,121],{"class":66},[52,145583,34614],{"class":124},[52,145585,128],{"class":66},[52,145587,145588,145590,145592,145594],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145589,142],{"class":141},[52,145591,145],{"class":66},[52,145593,34845],{"class":124},[52,145595,151],{"class":66},[20,145597,173],{},[43,145599,145600],{"className":45,"code":138821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145601,145602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145603,145604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145605,138821],{"class":58},[20,145607,16782],{},[43,145609,145611],{"className":45,"code":145610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145612,145613,145625,145639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145614,145615,145617,145619,145621,145623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145616,34824],{"class":58},[52,145618,63],{"class":62},[52,145620,83],{"class":70},[52,145622,4201],{"class":74},[52,145624,3710],{"class":70},[52,145626,145627,145629,145631,145633,145635,145637],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145628,34824],{"class":58},[52,145630,63],{"class":62},[52,145632,42985],{"class":58},[52,145634,121],{"class":66},[52,145636,34614],{"class":124},[52,145638,128],{"class":66},[52,145640,145641,145643,145645,145647],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145642,142],{"class":141},[52,145644,145],{"class":66},[52,145646,34845],{"class":124},[52,145648,151],{"class":66},[20,145650,173],{},[43,145652,145654],{"className":45,"code":145653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO\n",[15,145655,145656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145657,145658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145659,145653],{"class":34589},[1335,145661,19036,145663,137428],{"id":145662},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145664,128384],{},[20,145666,145667,145669],{},[15,145668,128384],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145671,309],{},[43,145673,145675],{"className":45,"code":145674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145676,145677,145685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145678,145679,145681,145683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145680,2564],{"class":58},[52,145682,63],{"class":62},[52,145684,125188],{"class":103},[52,145686,145687,145689,145691,145693,145695,145697],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145688,142],{"class":141},[52,145690,145],{"class":66},[52,145692,2587],{"class":124},[52,145694,121],{"class":66},[52,145696,34614],{"class":124},[52,145698,7547],{"class":66},[20,145700,39795,145701,145703,145704,33736],{},[15,145702,2535],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145705,128384],{},[20,145707,145708],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[43,145710,145712],{"className":45,"code":145711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145713,145714,145722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145715,145716,145718,145720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145717,2564],{"class":58},[52,145719,63],{"class":62},[52,145721,125188],{"class":103},[52,145723,145724,145726,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145725,142],{"class":141},[52,145727,145],{"class":66},[52,145729,3795],{"class":3251},[52,145731,145],{"class":66},[52,145733,2587],{"class":124},[52,145735,8986],{"class":66},[52,145737,34614],{"class":124},[52,145739,7547],{"class":66},[20,145741,173],{},[43,145743,145745],{"className":45,"code":145744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"123\n",[15,145746,145747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145748,145749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145750,145744],{"class":103},[1335,145752,37344,145754,145756],{"id":145753},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145755,128384],{}," with title case",[20,145758,145759,145761,145762,145765],{},[15,145760,128384],{}," makes ",[33,145763,145764],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[43,145767,145769],{"className":45,"code":145768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145770,145771,145783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145772,145773,145775,145777,145779,145781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145774,34824],{"class":58},[52,145776,63],{"class":62},[52,145778,83],{"class":70},[52,145780,60556],{"class":74},[52,145782,3710],{"class":70},[52,145784,145785,145787,145789,145791,145793,145795],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145786,142],{"class":141},[52,145788,145],{"class":66},[52,145790,34845],{"class":124},[52,145792,121],{"class":66},[52,145794,34614],{"class":124},[52,145796,7547],{"class":66},[20,145798,173],{},[43,145800,145802],{"className":45,"code":145801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145803,145804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145805,145806,145808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145807,136530],{"class":34589},[52,145809,145810],{"class":34589}," WORLD\n",[20,145812,145813,145814,145818,145819,145823],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[257,145815,145816],{"href":124233},[15,145817,124236],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[257,145820,145821],{"href":130087},[15,145822,124677],{}," changes parts of a string.",[38,145825,145827],{"id":145826},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145829,145830,145831,80],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145832,128384],{},[234,145834,145835,145842,145849,145856],{},[237,145836,145837,145841],{},[257,145838,145839],{"href":124233},[15,145840,124236],{}," for lowercase text",[237,145843,145844,145848],{},[257,145845,145846],{"href":137076},[15,145847,41796],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[237,145850,145851,145855],{},[257,145852,145853],{"href":130087},[15,145854,124677],{}," for changing parts of a string",[237,145857,145858,2218,145860,145862],{},[15,145859,127874],{},[15,145861,126564],{}," for checks",[20,145864,309],{},[43,145866,145868],{"className":45,"code":145867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145869,145870,145882,145886,145901,145917,145921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145871,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145873,34824],{"class":58},[52,145875,63],{"class":62},[52,145877,83],{"class":70},[52,145879,143604],{"class":74},[52,145881,3710],{"class":70},[52,145883,145884],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,145885,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,145887,145888,145891,145893,145895,145897,145899],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145889,145890],{"class":58},"cleaned ",[52,145892,63],{"class":62},[52,145894,42985],{"class":58},[52,145896,121],{"class":66},[52,145898,8989],{"class":124},[52,145900,128],{"class":66},[52,145902,145903,145906,145908,145911,145913,145915],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145904,145905],{"class":58},"loud ",[52,145907,63],{"class":62},[52,145909,145910],{"class":58}," cleaned",[52,145912,121],{"class":66},[52,145914,34614],{"class":124},[52,145916,128],{"class":66},[52,145918,145919],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,145920,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,145922,145923,145925,145927,145930],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,145924,142],{"class":141},[52,145926,145],{"class":66},[52,145928,145929],{"class":124},"loud",[52,145931,151],{"class":66},[20,145933,173],{},[43,145935,145936],{"className":45,"code":145801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145937,145938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145939,145940,145942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145941,136530],{"class":34589},[52,145943,145810],{"class":34589},[38,145945,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,145947,2195,145949,124833],{"id":145948},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145950,128384],{},[20,145952,145953],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1335,145955,2195,145957,137810],{"id":145956},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145958,128384],{},[20,145960,145961,145962,121],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145963,145555],{},[1335,145965,145967],{"id":145966},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145969,145970,145971,145973],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145972,128384],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1335,145975,28461,145977,145979],{"id":145976},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145978,128384],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145981,145982],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145984,309],{},[43,145986,145988],{"className":45,"code":145987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145989,145990,146002,146015,146019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145991,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145993,2905],{"class":58},[52,145995,63],{"class":62},[52,145997,83],{"class":70},[52,145999,47],{"class":74},[52,146001,3710],{"class":70},[52,146003,146004,146006,146008,146010,146013],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146005,2933],{"class":58},[52,146007,63],{"class":62},[52,146009,83],{"class":70},[52,146011,146012],{"class":74},"PYTHON",[52,146014,3710],{"class":70},[52,146016,146017],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,146018,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,146020,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,146022,142],{"class":141},[52,146024,145],{"class":66},[52,146026,257],{"class":124},[52,146028,121],{"class":66},[52,146030,34614],{"class":124},[52,146032,7719],{"class":66},[52,146034,6763],{"class":62},[52,146036,2910],{"class":124},[52,146038,121],{"class":66},[52,146040,34614],{"class":124},[52,146042,7547],{"class":66},[20,146044,173],{},[43,146046,146047],{"className":45,"code":1025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146048,146049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146050,146051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146052,1025],{"class":218},[38,146054,2240],{"id":2239},[234,146056,146057,146061,146067,146073,146079,146083,146087],{},[237,146058,146059],{},[257,146060,125261],{"href":51122},[237,146062,146063],{},[257,146064,126506,146065,2264],{"href":124233},[15,146066,124236],{},[237,146068,146069],{},[257,146070,126506,146071,2264],{"href":137076},[15,146072,41796],{},[237,146074,146075],{},[257,146076,126506,146077,2264],{"href":130087},[15,146078,124677],{},[237,146080,146081],{},[257,146082,90834],{"href":89843},[237,146084,146085],{},[257,146086,124905],{"href":123761},[237,146088,146089],{},[257,146090,137896],{"href":136477},[2278,146092,146093],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":146095},[146096,146097,146099,146100,146101,146103,146104,146106,146113,146114,146123],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":145019,"depth":110,"text":146098},"What upper() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":145229,"depth":110,"text":146102},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145365,"depth":110,"text":145366},{"id":145447,"depth":110,"text":146105},"When to use upper()",{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":146107},[146108,146109,146111],{"id":96039,"depth":131,"text":96040},{"id":145662,"depth":131,"text":146110},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145753,"depth":131,"text":146112},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145826,"depth":110,"text":145827},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":146115},[146116,146118,146120,146121],{"id":145948,"depth":131,"text":146117},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145956,"depth":131,"text":146119},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145966,"depth":131,"text":145967},{"id":145976,"depth":131,"text":146122},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144943,"description":146124},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146131,"title":146132,"body":146133,"description":148010,"extension":2310,"meta":148011,"navigation":134,"path":148012,"seo":148013,"stem":148014,"__hash__":148015},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146134,"toc":147960},[146135,146141,146148,146154,146156,146212,146217,146222,146227,146230,146249,146252,146254,146278,146296,146307,146309,146312,146365,146367,146375,146377,146395,146400,146403,146460,146462,146471,146474,146494,146497,146503,146508,146510,146553,146555,146563,146566,146607,146609,146618,146624,146630,146657,146659,146667,146672,146676,146688,146731,146733,146741,146746,146752,146757,146761,146763,146806,146809,146856,146858,146867,146874,146878,146881,146927,146932,146936,146938,146981,146984,146992,146994,146999,147001,147003,147022,147025,147037,147039,147058,147060,147068,147072,147074,147125,147128,147203,147205,147213,147216,147220,147222,147269,147272,147343,147345,147353,147359,147361,147436,147440,147519,147521,147529,147535,147541,147546,147551,147600,147604,147675,147678,147683,147694,147697,147708,147718,147720,147725,147750,147755,147836,147838,147863,147865,147870,147873,147879,147888,147894,147897,147903,147909,147916,147919,147921,147957],[10,146136,3928,146138,3932],{"id":146137},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146139,146140],{},"sum()",[20,146142,9478,146143,146145,146146,24895],{},[15,146144,146140],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146147,60148],{},[20,146149,146150,146151,146153],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146152,36211],{}," value and a few important limits.",[38,146155,41],{"id":40},[43,146157,146159],{"className":45,"code":146158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146160,146161,146185,146200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146162,146163,146165,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146164,3971],{"class":58},[52,146166,63],{"class":62},[52,146168,755],{"class":66},[52,146170,3339],{"class":103},[52,146172,91],{"class":66},[52,146174,1378],{"class":103},[52,146176,91],{"class":66},[52,146178,2801],{"class":103},[52,146180,91],{"class":66},[52,146182,2807],{"class":103},[52,146184,766],{"class":66},[52,146186,146187,146189,146191,146194,146196,146198],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146188,41325],{"class":58},[52,146190,63],{"class":62},[52,146192,146193],{"class":141}," sum",[52,146195,145],{"class":66},[52,146197,4001],{"class":124},[52,146199,151],{"class":66},[52,146201,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,146203,142],{"class":141},[52,146205,145],{"class":66},[52,146207,41354],{"class":124},[52,146209,4014],{"class":66},[52,146211,26927],{"class":4017},[20,146213,222,146214,146216],{},[15,146215,146140],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[38,146218,4031,146220,4034],{"id":146219},"what-sum-does",[15,146221,146140],{},[20,146223,146224,146226],{},[15,146225,146140],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146228,146229],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[234,146231,146232,146235,146238,146243],{},[237,146233,146234],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[237,146236,146237],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[237,146239,146240,146241],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146242,36337],{},[237,146244,146245,146246,146248],{},"Counting ",[15,146247,1048],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146250,146251],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[38,146253,269],{"id":268},[43,146255,146257],{"className":45,"code":146256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146258,146259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146260,146261,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146262,146263],{"class":141},"sum",[52,146265,145],{"class":66},[52,146267,4075],{"class":124},[52,146269,91],{"class":66},[52,146271,36190],{"class":9529},[52,146273,63],{"class":62},[52,146275,2467],{"class":103},[52,146277,151],{"class":66},[234,146279,146280,146285,146290],{},[237,146281,146282,146284],{},[15,146283,4075],{}," is the group of values to add",[237,146286,146287,146289],{},[15,146288,36211],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[237,146291,146292,146293],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146294,146295],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146297,146298,146299,146302,146303,121],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146300,146301,4075],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[257,146304,146305,24748],{"href":36334},[15,146306,36337],{},[38,146308,438],{"id":437},[20,146310,146311],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[43,146313,146315],{"className":45,"code":146314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146316,146317,146337,146351,146355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146318,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146320,3971],{"class":58},[52,146322,63],{"class":62},[52,146324,755],{"class":66},[52,146326,2484],{"class":103},[52,146328,91],{"class":66},[52,146330,1972],{"class":103},[52,146332,91],{"class":66},[52,146334,38077],{"class":103},[52,146336,766],{"class":66},[52,146338,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146340,41325],{"class":58},[52,146342,63],{"class":62},[52,146344,146193],{"class":141},[52,146346,145],{"class":66},[52,146348,4001],{"class":124},[52,146350,151],{"class":66},[52,146352,146353],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,146354,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,146356,146357,146359,146361,146363],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,146358,142],{"class":141},[52,146360,145],{"class":66},[52,146362,41354],{"class":124},[52,146364,151],{"class":66},[20,146366,173],{},[43,146368,146369],{"className":45,"code":69991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146370,146371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146372,146373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146374,69991],{"class":103},[20,146376,12017],{},[234,146378,146379,146384,146390],{},[237,146380,146381,146383],{},[15,146382,4001],{}," contains three integers",[237,146385,146386,146389],{},[15,146387,146388],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[237,146391,146392,146393],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146394,41354],{},[38,146396,36752,146398,8787],{"id":146397},"using-the-start-value",[15,146399,36211],{},[20,146401,146402],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[43,146404,146406],{"className":45,"code":146405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146407,146408,146428,146446,146450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146409,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146411,3971],{"class":58},[52,146413,63],{"class":62},[52,146415,755],{"class":66},[52,146417,3339],{"class":103},[52,146419,91],{"class":66},[52,146421,1378],{"class":103},[52,146423,91],{"class":66},[52,146425,2801],{"class":103},[52,146427,766],{"class":66},[52,146429,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438,146440,146442,146444],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146431,41325],{"class":58},[52,146433,63],{"class":62},[52,146435,146193],{"class":141},[52,146437,145],{"class":66},[52,146439,4001],{"class":124},[52,146441,91],{"class":66},[52,146443,1972],{"class":103},[52,146445,151],{"class":66},[52,146447,146448],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,146449,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,146451,146452,146454,146456,146458],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,146453,142],{"class":141},[52,146455,145],{"class":66},[52,146457,41354],{"class":124},[52,146459,151],{"class":66},[20,146461,173],{},[43,146463,146465],{"className":45,"code":146464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"16\n",[15,146466,146467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146468,146469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146470,146464],{"class":103},[20,146472,146473],{},"This works like:",[234,146475,146476,146481,146486,146490],{},[237,146477,146478,146479],{},"Start at ",[15,146480,2679],{},[237,146482,146483,146484],{},"Add ",[15,146485,3339],{},[237,146487,146483,146488],{},[15,146489,2404],{},[237,146491,146483,146492],{},[15,146493,2410],{},[20,146495,146496],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[38,146498,4031,146500,146502],{"id":146499},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146501,146140],{}," can work with",[20,146504,146505,146507],{},[15,146506,146140],{}," works with numeric values.",[1335,146509,40567],{"id":40566},[43,146511,146513],{"className":45,"code":146512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146514,146515,146539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146516,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146518,4178],{"class":58},[52,146520,63],{"class":62},[52,146522,755],{"class":66},[52,146524,3339],{"class":103},[52,146526,91],{"class":66},[52,146528,1378],{"class":103},[52,146530,91],{"class":66},[52,146532,2801],{"class":103},[52,146534,91],{"class":66},[52,146536,2807],{"class":103},[52,146538,766],{"class":66},[52,146540,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146542,142],{"class":141},[52,146544,145],{"class":66},[52,146546,146263],{"class":141},[52,146548,145],{"class":66},[52,146550,5712],{"class":124},[52,146552,2120],{"class":66},[20,146554,173],{},[43,146556,146557],{"className":45,"code":2725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146558,146559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146560,146561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146562,2725],{"class":103},[1335,146564,146565],{"id":52193},"Floats",[43,146567,146569],{"className":45,"code":146568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146570,146571,146593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146572,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146586,146588,146591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146574,83199],{"class":58},[52,146576,63],{"class":62},[52,146578,755],{"class":66},[52,146580,41301],{"class":103},[52,146582,91],{"class":66},[52,146584,146585],{"class":103}," 3.75",[52,146587,91],{"class":66},[52,146589,146590],{"class":103}," 1.25",[52,146592,766],{"class":66},[52,146594,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146596,142],{"class":141},[52,146598,145],{"class":66},[52,146600,146263],{"class":141},[52,146602,145],{"class":66},[52,146604,83235],{"class":124},[52,146606,2120],{"class":66},[20,146608,173],{},[43,146610,146612],{"className":45,"code":146611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.5\n",[15,146613,146614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146615,146616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146617,146611],{"class":103},[20,146619,146620,146621,121],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[257,146622,146623],{"href":2768},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1335,146625,146627,146628],{"id":146626},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146629,36337],{},[43,146631,146633],{"className":45,"code":146632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146634,146635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146636,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146638,142],{"class":141},[52,146640,145],{"class":66},[52,146642,146263],{"class":141},[52,146644,145],{"class":66},[52,146646,60148],{"class":141},[52,146648,145],{"class":66},[52,146650,3339],{"class":103},[52,146652,91],{"class":66},[52,146654,37784],{"class":103},[52,146656,3262],{"class":66},[20,146658,173],{},[43,146660,146661],{"className":45,"code":47186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146662,146663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146664,146665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146666,47186],{"class":103},[20,146668,113710,146669,121],{},[15,146670,146671],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1335,146673,146675],{"id":146674},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146677,146678,146679,146681,146682,2218,146684,146681,146686,121],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146680,1048],{}," acts like ",[15,146683,3339],{},[15,146685,1039],{},[15,146687,2467],{},[43,146689,146691],{"className":45,"code":146690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146692,146693,146717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146694,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146696,52113],{"class":58},[52,146698,63],{"class":62},[52,146700,755],{"class":66},[52,146702,1048],{"class":218},[52,146704,91],{"class":66},[52,146706,4261],{"class":218},[52,146708,91],{"class":66},[52,146710,4270],{"class":218},[52,146712,91],{"class":66},[52,146714,4270],{"class":218},[52,146716,766],{"class":66},[52,146718,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146720,142],{"class":141},[52,146722,145],{"class":66},[52,146724,146263],{"class":141},[52,146726,145],{"class":66},[52,146728,52166],{"class":124},[52,146730,2120],{"class":66},[20,146732,173],{},[43,146734,146735],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146736,146737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146738,146739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146740,46762],{"class":103},[20,146742,146743,146744,121],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146745,1048],{},[38,146747,4031,146749,146751],{"id":146748},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146750,146140],{}," does not work with",[20,146753,146754,146756],{},[15,146755,146140],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1335,146758,146760],{"id":146759},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146762,3186],{},[43,146764,146766],{"className":45,"code":146765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146767,146768,146792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146769,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146771,4423],{"class":58},[52,146773,63],{"class":62},[52,146775,755],{"class":66},[52,146777,71],{"class":70},[52,146779,4201],{"class":74},[52,146781,71],{"class":70},[52,146783,91],{"class":66},[52,146785,83],{"class":70},[52,146787,60741],{"class":74},[52,146789,71],{"class":70},[52,146791,766],{"class":66},[52,146793,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146795,142],{"class":141},[52,146797,145],{"class":66},[52,146799,146263],{"class":141},[52,146801,145],{"class":66},[52,146803,4467],{"class":124},[52,146805,2120],{"class":66},[20,146807,146808],{},"Use string joining instead:",[43,146810,146812],{"className":45,"code":146811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146813,146814,146838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146815,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146817,4423],{"class":58},[52,146819,63],{"class":62},[52,146821,755],{"class":66},[52,146823,71],{"class":70},[52,146825,4201],{"class":74},[52,146827,71],{"class":70},[52,146829,91],{"class":66},[52,146831,83],{"class":70},[52,146833,60741],{"class":74},[52,146835,71],{"class":70},[52,146837,766],{"class":66},[52,146839,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146841,142],{"class":141},[52,146843,145],{"class":66},[52,146845,6626],{"class":70},[52,146847,121],{"class":66},[52,146849,133665],{"class":124},[52,146851,145],{"class":66},[52,146853,4467],{"class":124},[52,146855,2120],{"class":66},[20,146857,173],{},[43,146859,146861],{"className":45,"code":146860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"helloworld\n",[15,146862,146863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146864,146865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146866,146860],{"class":58},[20,146868,146869,146870,121],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[257,146871,146872,6137],{"href":42318},[15,146873,47829],{},[1335,146875,146877],{"id":146876},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146879,146880],{},"This also causes an error:",[43,146882,146884],{"className":45,"code":146883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146885,146886,146913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146887,146888,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146889,146890],{"class":58},"lists ",[52,146892,63],{"class":62},[52,146894,56442],{"class":66},[52,146896,3339],{"class":103},[52,146898,91],{"class":66},[52,146900,1378],{"class":103},[52,146902,18190],{"class":66},[52,146904,755],{"class":66},[52,146906,2410],{"class":103},[52,146908,91],{"class":66},[52,146910,2807],{"class":103},[52,146912,53390],{"class":66},[52,146914,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146916,142],{"class":141},[52,146918,145],{"class":66},[52,146920,146263],{"class":141},[52,146922,145],{"class":66},[52,146924,5653],{"class":124},[52,146926,2120],{"class":66},[20,146928,146929,146931],{},[15,146930,146140],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1335,146933,146935],{"id":146934},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146937,5826],{},[43,146939,146941],{"className":45,"code":146940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146942,146943,146967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146944,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146946,4178],{"class":58},[52,146948,63],{"class":62},[52,146950,755],{"class":66},[52,146952,3339],{"class":103},[52,146954,91],{"class":66},[52,146956,1378],{"class":103},[52,146958,91],{"class":66},[52,146960,83],{"class":70},[52,146962,2410],{"class":74},[52,146964,71],{"class":70},[52,146966,766],{"class":66},[52,146968,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,146970,142],{"class":141},[52,146972,145],{"class":66},[52,146974,146263],{"class":141},[52,146976,145],{"class":66},[52,146978,5712],{"class":124},[52,146980,2120],{"class":66},[20,146982,146983],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146985,146986,146987,146989,146990,121],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146988,66096],{},", convert them first. See ",[257,146991,3313],{"href":3312},[38,146993,41647],{"id":41646},[20,146995,146996,146997,121],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146998,146140],{},[1335,147000,6876],{"id":6875},[20,147002,4880],{},[43,147004,147006],{"className":45,"code":147005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147007,147008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147009,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147011,142],{"class":141},[52,147013,145],{"class":66},[52,147015,146263],{"class":141},[52,147017,145],{"class":66},[52,147019,2484],{"class":103},[52,147021,2120],{"class":66},[20,147023,147024],{},"Why it fails:",[234,147026,147027,147032],{},[237,147028,147029,147031],{},[15,147030,2484],{}," is a single integer",[237,147033,147034,147036],{},[15,147035,146140],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147038,6906],{},[43,147040,147042],{"className":45,"code":147041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147043,147044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147045,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147047,142],{"class":141},[52,147049,145],{"class":66},[52,147051,146263],{"class":141},[52,147053,3336],{"class":66},[52,147055,2484],{"class":103},[52,147057,2144],{"class":66},[20,147059,173],{},[43,147061,147062],{"className":45,"code":3297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147063,147064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147065,147066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147067,3297],{"class":103},[1335,147069,147071],{"id":147070},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147073,4880],{},[43,147075,147077],{"className":45,"code":147076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147078,147079,147111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147080,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147082,4178],{"class":58},[52,147084,63],{"class":62},[52,147086,755],{"class":66},[52,147088,71],{"class":70},[52,147090,3339],{"class":74},[52,147092,71],{"class":70},[52,147094,91],{"class":66},[52,147096,83],{"class":70},[52,147098,2404],{"class":74},[52,147100,71],{"class":70},[52,147102,91],{"class":66},[52,147104,83],{"class":70},[52,147106,2410],{"class":74},[52,147108,71],{"class":70},[52,147110,766],{"class":66},[52,147112,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147114,142],{"class":141},[52,147116,145],{"class":66},[52,147118,146263],{"class":141},[52,147120,145],{"class":66},[52,147122,5712],{"class":124},[52,147124,2120],{"class":66},[20,147126,147127],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[43,147129,147131],{"className":45,"code":147130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147132,147133,147165,147193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147134,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147136,4178],{"class":58},[52,147138,63],{"class":62},[52,147140,755],{"class":66},[52,147142,71],{"class":70},[52,147144,3339],{"class":74},[52,147146,71],{"class":70},[52,147148,91],{"class":66},[52,147150,83],{"class":70},[52,147152,2404],{"class":74},[52,147154,71],{"class":70},[52,147156,91],{"class":66},[52,147158,83],{"class":70},[52,147160,2410],{"class":74},[52,147162,71],{"class":70},[52,147164,766],{"class":66},[52,147166,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147168,41325],{"class":58},[52,147170,63],{"class":62},[52,147172,146193],{"class":141},[52,147174,145],{"class":66},[52,147176,2535],{"class":3251},[52,147178,145],{"class":66},[52,147180,1357],{"class":124},[52,147182,4014],{"class":66},[52,147184,4232],{"class":163},[52,147186,4235],{"class":124},[52,147188,4238],{"class":163},[52,147190,4241],{"class":124},[52,147192,151],{"class":66},[52,147194,147195,147197,147199,147201],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147196,142],{"class":141},[52,147198,145],{"class":66},[52,147200,41354],{"class":124},[52,147202,151],{"class":66},[20,147204,173],{},[43,147206,147207],{"className":45,"code":3005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147208,147209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147210,147211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147212,3005],{"class":103},[20,147214,147215],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1335,147217,147219],{"id":147218},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147221,4880],{},[43,147223,147225],{"className":45,"code":147224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147226,147227,147255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147228,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147230,4178],{"class":58},[52,147232,63],{"class":62},[52,147234,755],{"class":66},[52,147236,3339],{"class":103},[52,147238,91],{"class":66},[52,147240,1378],{"class":103},[52,147242,91],{"class":66},[52,147244,83],{"class":70},[52,147246,2410],{"class":74},[52,147248,71],{"class":70},[52,147250,91],{"class":66},[52,147252,2807],{"class":103},[52,147254,766],{"class":66},[52,147256,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147258,142],{"class":141},[52,147260,145],{"class":66},[52,147262,146263],{"class":141},[52,147264,145],{"class":66},[52,147266,5712],{"class":124},[52,147268,2120],{"class":66},[20,147270,147271],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[43,147273,147275],{"className":45,"code":147274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147276,147277,147305,147333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147278,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147280,4178],{"class":58},[52,147282,63],{"class":62},[52,147284,755],{"class":66},[52,147286,3339],{"class":103},[52,147288,91],{"class":66},[52,147290,1378],{"class":103},[52,147292,91],{"class":66},[52,147294,83],{"class":70},[52,147296,2410],{"class":74},[52,147298,71],{"class":70},[52,147300,91],{"class":66},[52,147302,2807],{"class":103},[52,147304,766],{"class":66},[52,147306,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147308,41325],{"class":58},[52,147310,63],{"class":62},[52,147312,146193],{"class":141},[52,147314,145],{"class":66},[52,147316,2535],{"class":3251},[52,147318,145],{"class":66},[52,147320,1357],{"class":124},[52,147322,4014],{"class":66},[52,147324,4232],{"class":163},[52,147326,4235],{"class":124},[52,147328,4238],{"class":163},[52,147330,4241],{"class":124},[52,147332,151],{"class":66},[52,147334,147335,147337,147339,147341],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147336,142],{"class":141},[52,147338,145],{"class":66},[52,147340,41354],{"class":124},[52,147342,151],{"class":66},[20,147344,173],{},[43,147346,147347],{"className":45,"code":2725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147348,147349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147350,147351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147352,2725],{"class":103},[1335,147354,1326,147356,147358],{"id":147355},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147357,146140],{}," to join text",[20,147360,4880],{},[43,147362,147364],{"className":45,"code":147363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147365,147366,147422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147367,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147369,36229],{"class":58},[52,147371,63],{"class":62},[52,147373,755],{"class":66},[52,147375,71],{"class":70},[52,147377,134264],{"class":74},[52,147379,71],{"class":70},[52,147381,91],{"class":66},[52,147383,83],{"class":70},[52,147385,1371],{"class":74},[52,147387,71],{"class":70},[52,147389,91],{"class":66},[52,147391,83],{"class":70},[52,147393,63437],{"class":74},[52,147395,71],{"class":70},[52,147397,91],{"class":66},[52,147399,83],{"class":70},[52,147401,60588],{"class":74},[52,147403,71],{"class":70},[52,147405,91],{"class":66},[52,147407,83],{"class":70},[52,147409,60623],{"class":74},[52,147411,71],{"class":70},[52,147413,91],{"class":66},[52,147415,83],{"class":70},[52,147417,76181],{"class":74},[52,147419,71],{"class":70},[52,147421,766],{"class":66},[52,147423,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147425,142],{"class":141},[52,147427,145],{"class":66},[52,147429,146263],{"class":141},[52,147431,145],{"class":66},[52,147433,36282],{"class":124},[52,147435,2120],{"class":66},[20,147437,222,147438,60682],{},[15,147439,133588],{},[43,147441,147443],{"className":45,"code":147442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147444,147445,147501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147446,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147448,36229],{"class":58},[52,147450,63],{"class":62},[52,147452,755],{"class":66},[52,147454,71],{"class":70},[52,147456,134264],{"class":74},[52,147458,71],{"class":70},[52,147460,91],{"class":66},[52,147462,83],{"class":70},[52,147464,1371],{"class":74},[52,147466,71],{"class":70},[52,147468,91],{"class":66},[52,147470,83],{"class":70},[52,147472,63437],{"class":74},[52,147474,71],{"class":70},[52,147476,91],{"class":66},[52,147478,83],{"class":70},[52,147480,60588],{"class":74},[52,147482,71],{"class":70},[52,147484,91],{"class":66},[52,147486,83],{"class":70},[52,147488,60623],{"class":74},[52,147490,71],{"class":70},[52,147492,91],{"class":66},[52,147494,83],{"class":70},[52,147496,76181],{"class":74},[52,147498,71],{"class":70},[52,147500,766],{"class":66},[52,147502,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147504,142],{"class":141},[52,147506,145],{"class":66},[52,147508,6626],{"class":70},[52,147510,121],{"class":66},[52,147512,133665],{"class":124},[52,147514,145],{"class":66},[52,147516,36282],{"class":124},[52,147518,2120],{"class":66},[20,147520,173],{},[43,147522,147523],{"className":45,"code":134345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147524,147525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147526,147527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147528,134345],{"class":58},[20,147530,147531,147532,121],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[257,147533,147534],{"href":135426},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[38,147536,147538,147540],{"id":147537},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147539,146140],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147542,147543,147545],{},[15,147544,146140],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1335,147547,1326,147549],{"id":147548},"using-sum",[15,147550,146140],{},[43,147552,147554],{"className":45,"code":147553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147555,147556,147576,147590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147557,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147559,3971],{"class":58},[52,147561,63],{"class":62},[52,147563,755],{"class":66},[52,147565,2855],{"class":103},[52,147567,91],{"class":66},[52,147569,6348],{"class":103},[52,147571,91],{"class":66},[52,147573,54284],{"class":103},[52,147575,766],{"class":66},[52,147577,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147579,41325],{"class":58},[52,147581,63],{"class":62},[52,147583,146193],{"class":141},[52,147585,145],{"class":66},[52,147587,4001],{"class":124},[52,147589,151],{"class":66},[52,147591,147592,147594,147596,147598],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147593,142],{"class":141},[52,147595,145],{"class":66},[52,147597,41354],{"class":124},[52,147599,151],{"class":66},[1335,147601,147603],{"id":147602},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[43,147605,147607],{"className":45,"code":147606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147608,147609,147629,147637,147641,147653,147661,147665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147610,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147612,3971],{"class":58},[52,147614,63],{"class":62},[52,147616,755],{"class":66},[52,147618,2855],{"class":103},[52,147620,91],{"class":66},[52,147622,6348],{"class":103},[52,147624,91],{"class":66},[52,147626,54284],{"class":103},[52,147628,766],{"class":66},[52,147630,147631,147633,147635],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147632,41325],{"class":58},[52,147634,63],{"class":62},[52,147636,38654],{"class":103},[52,147638,147639],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147640,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,147642,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,147644,6312],{"class":163},[52,147646,6741],{"class":58},[52,147648,4238],{"class":163},[52,147650,4617],{"class":58},[52,147652,6748],{"class":66},[52,147654,147655,147657,147659],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,147656,90258],{"class":58},[52,147658,90261],{"class":62},[52,147660,90264],{"class":58},[52,147662,147663],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,147664,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,147666,147667,147669,147671,147673],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,147668,142],{"class":141},[52,147670,145],{"class":66},[52,147672,41354],{"class":124},[52,147674,151],{"class":66},[20,147676,147677],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147679,2839,147680,147682],{},[15,147681,146140],{}," is often better:",[234,147684,147685,147688,147691],{},[237,147686,147687],{},"Shorter code",[237,147689,147690],{},"Easier to read",[237,147692,147693],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147695,147696],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[234,147698,147699,147702,147705],{},[237,147700,147701],{},"You need to skip some values",[237,147703,147704],{},"You need extra checks",[237,147706,147707],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147709,147710,147711,147714,147715,147717],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[257,147712,147713],{"href":40150},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147716,146140],{}," on the filtered result.",[38,147719,2022],{"id":2021},[20,147721,147722,147723,80],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147724,146140],{},[234,147726,147727,147733,147740,147747],{},[237,147728,147729,147730],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147731,147732],{},"sum(5)",[237,147734,147735,147736,147739],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147737,147738],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[237,147741,1326,147742,147744,147745],{},[15,147743,146140],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147746,133588],{},[237,147748,147749],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147751,9230,147752,147754],{},[15,147753,146140],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[43,147756,147758],{"className":45,"code":147757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147759,147760,147770,147784,147808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147761,147762,147764,147766,147768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147763,142],{"class":141},[52,147765,145],{"class":66},[52,147767,5712],{"class":124},[52,147769,151],{"class":66},[52,147771,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,147773,142],{"class":141},[52,147775,145],{"class":66},[52,147777,3573],{"class":3251},[52,147779,145],{"class":66},[52,147781,5712],{"class":124},[52,147783,2120],{"class":66},[52,147785,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147787,142],{"class":141},[52,147789,3336],{"class":66},[52,147791,3573],{"class":3251},[52,147793,145],{"class":66},[52,147795,1357],{"class":124},[52,147797,4014],{"class":66},[52,147799,4232],{"class":163},[52,147801,4235],{"class":124},[52,147803,4238],{"class":163},[52,147805,4241],{"class":124},[52,147807,913],{"class":66},[52,147809,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,147811,142],{"class":141},[52,147813,145],{"class":66},[52,147815,146263],{"class":141},[52,147817,3336],{"class":66},[52,147819,2535],{"class":3251},[52,147821,145],{"class":66},[52,147823,1357],{"class":124},[52,147825,4014],{"class":66},[52,147827,4232],{"class":163},[52,147829,4235],{"class":124},[52,147831,4238],{"class":163},[52,147833,4241],{"class":124},[52,147835,2144],{"class":66},[20,147837,136159],{},[234,147839,147840,147846,147852,147857],{},[237,147841,147842,147845],{},[15,147843,147844],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[237,147847,147848,147851],{},[15,147849,147850],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[237,147853,147854,136181],{},[15,147855,147856],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[237,147858,147859,147862],{},[15,147860,147861],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[38,147864,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,147866,5495,147868,5498],{"id":147867},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147869,146140],{},[20,147871,147872],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1335,147874,5523,147876,147878],{"id":147875},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147877,146140],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147880,30404,147881,261,147884,147887],{},[15,147882,147883],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147885,147886],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1335,147889,5523,147891,147893],{"id":147890},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147892,146140],{}," work with floats?",[20,147895,147896],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1335,147898,147900,147901,2221],{"id":147899},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147902,146140],{},[20,147904,147905,147906,147908],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147907,36211],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1335,147910,5511,147912,119544,147914,2221],{"id":147911},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147913,146140],{},[15,147915,3355],{},[20,147917,147918],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[38,147920,2240],{"id":2239},[234,147922,147923,147927,147933,147939,147945,147949,147953],{},[237,147924,147925],{},[257,147926,146623],{"href":2768},[237,147928,147929],{},[257,147930,3928,147931,3861],{"href":36334},[15,147932,36337],{},[237,147934,147935],{},[257,147936,3928,147937,3861],{"href":42501},[15,147938,42504],{},[237,147940,147941],{},[257,147942,3928,147943,3861],{"href":42318},[15,147944,47829],{},[237,147946,147947],{},[257,147948,5574],{"href":40150},[237,147950,147951],{},[257,147952,3878],{"href":3312},[237,147954,147955],{},[257,147956,147534],{"href":135426},[2278,147958,147959],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":147961},[147962,147963,147965,147966,147967,147969,147977,147983,147990,147996,147997,148009],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":146219,"depth":110,"text":147964},"What sum() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":146397,"depth":110,"text":147968},"Using the start value",{"id":146499,"depth":110,"text":147970,"children":147971},"What sum() can work with",[147972,147973,147974,147976],{"id":40566,"depth":131,"text":40567},{"id":52193,"depth":131,"text":146565},{"id":146626,"depth":131,"text":147975},"Values from range()",{"id":146674,"depth":131,"text":146675},{"id":146748,"depth":110,"text":147978,"children":147979},"What sum() does not work with",[147980,147981,147982],{"id":146759,"depth":131,"text":146760},{"id":146876,"depth":131,"text":146877},{"id":146934,"depth":131,"text":146935},{"id":41646,"depth":110,"text":41647,"children":147984},[147985,147986,147987,147988],{"id":6875,"depth":131,"text":6876},{"id":147070,"depth":131,"text":147071},{"id":147218,"depth":131,"text":147219},{"id":147355,"depth":131,"text":147989},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147537,"depth":110,"text":147991,"children":147992},"sum() vs manual loop",[147993,147995],{"id":147548,"depth":131,"text":147994},"Using sum()",{"id":147602,"depth":131,"text":147603},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":147998},[147999,148001,148003,148005,148007],{"id":147867,"depth":131,"text":148000},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147875,"depth":131,"text":148002},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147890,"depth":131,"text":148004},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147899,"depth":131,"text":148006},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147911,"depth":131,"text":148008},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146132,"description":148010},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148017,"title":148018,"body":148019,"description":149421,"extension":2310,"meta":149422,"navigation":134,"path":149423,"seo":149424,"stem":149425,"__hash__":149426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148020,"toc":149389},[148021,148027,148033,148036,148099,148105,148110,148114,148131,148145,148149,148169,148183,148185,148278,148280,148294,148296,148299,148388,148390,148398,148407,148409,148413,148434,148436,148528,148530,148551,148553,148557,148571,148573,148647,148649,148668,148672,148675,148698,148700,148811,148818,148826,148828,148834,148837,148880,148883,148906,148914,148918,148993,148999,149024,149031,149034,149037,149041,149046,149134,149142,149146,149149,149174,149178,149239,149243,149292,149302,149304,149309,149312,149318,149321,149325,149329,149335,149338,149346,149354,149356,149386],[10,148022,148024,148025,18],{"id":148023},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148026,57439],{},[20,148028,148029,148032],{},[15,148030,148031],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148034,148035],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[43,148037,148039],{"className":45,"code":148038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148040,148041,148069,148087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148042,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148044,3971],{"class":58},[52,148046,63],{"class":62},[52,148048,9588],{"class":66},[52,148050,3339],{"class":103},[52,148052,91],{"class":66},[52,148054,1378],{"class":103},[52,148056,91],{"class":66},[52,148058,1378],{"class":103},[52,148060,91],{"class":66},[52,148062,2801],{"class":103},[52,148064,91],{"class":66},[52,148066,1378],{"class":103},[52,148068,151],{"class":66},[52,148070,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148072,2577],{"class":58},[52,148074,63],{"class":62},[52,148076,4617],{"class":58},[52,148078,121],{"class":66},[52,148080,41402],{"class":124},[52,148082,145],{"class":66},[52,148084,2404],{"class":103},[52,148086,151],{"class":66},[52,148088,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148090,142],{"class":141},[52,148092,145],{"class":66},[52,148094,2612],{"class":124},[52,148096,4014],{"class":66},[52,148098,50917],{"class":4017},[20,148100,222,148101,148104],{},[15,148102,148103],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[38,148106,4031,148108,4034],{"id":148107},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148109,148031],{},[20,148111,148112,80],{},[15,148113,148103],{},[234,148115,148116,148122,148125,148128],{},[237,148117,148118,148119,148121],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148120,2823],{}," appears in the tuple",[237,148123,148124],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[237,148126,148127],{},"Returns an integer",[237,148129,148130],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148132,148133,148134,148136,148137,261,148141,121],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148135,57439],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[257,148138,148140],{"href":148139},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[257,148142,148144],{"href":148143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[38,148146,148148],{"id":148147},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[43,148150,148152],{"className":45,"code":148151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148153,148154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148155,148156,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148157,148158],{"class":58},"my_tuple",[52,148160,121],{"class":66},[52,148162,41402],{"class":124},[52,148164,145],{"class":66},[52,148166,2823],{"class":124},[52,148168,151],{"class":66},[234,148170,148171,148175,148178],{},[237,148172,148173,57604],{},[15,148174,2823],{},[237,148176,148177],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[237,148179,148180,148181],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148182,2467],{},[1335,148184,103259],{"id":103258},[43,148186,148188],{"className":45,"code":148187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148189,148190,148230,148254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148191,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148193,319],{"class":58},[52,148195,63],{"class":62},[52,148197,9588],{"class":66},[52,148199,71],{"class":70},[52,148201,336],{"class":74},[52,148203,71],{"class":70},[52,148205,91],{"class":66},[52,148207,83],{"class":70},[52,148209,354],{"class":74},[52,148211,71],{"class":70},[52,148213,91],{"class":66},[52,148215,83],{"class":70},[52,148217,336],{"class":74},[52,148219,71],{"class":70},[52,148221,91],{"class":66},[52,148223,83],{"class":70},[52,148225,17583],{"class":74},[52,148227,71],{"class":70},[52,148229,151],{"class":66},[52,148231,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148233,142],{"class":141},[52,148235,145],{"class":66},[52,148237,17630],{"class":124},[52,148239,121],{"class":66},[52,148241,41402],{"class":124},[52,148243,145],{"class":66},[52,148245,71],{"class":70},[52,148247,336],{"class":74},[52,148249,71],{"class":70},[52,148251,5715],{"class":66},[52,148253,57794],{"class":4017},[52,148255,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148257,142],{"class":141},[52,148259,145],{"class":66},[52,148261,17630],{"class":124},[52,148263,121],{"class":66},[52,148265,41402],{"class":124},[52,148267,145],{"class":66},[52,148269,71],{"class":70},[52,148271,22654],{"class":74},[52,148273,71],{"class":70},[52,148275,5715],{"class":66},[52,148277,51394],{"class":4017},[20,148279,20086],{},[234,148281,148282,148287],{},[237,148283,148284,148286],{},[15,148285,65543],{}," appears 2 times",[237,148288,148289,148291,148292],{},[15,148290,109955],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148293,2467],{},[38,148295,438],{"id":437},[20,148297,148298],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[43,148300,148302],{"className":45,"code":148301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148303,148304,148352,148356,148378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148305,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148307,36378],{"class":58},[52,148309,63],{"class":62},[52,148311,9588],{"class":66},[52,148313,71],{"class":70},[52,148315,4432],{"class":74},[52,148317,71],{"class":70},[52,148319,91],{"class":66},[52,148321,83],{"class":70},[52,148323,4441],{"class":74},[52,148325,71],{"class":70},[52,148327,91],{"class":66},[52,148329,83],{"class":70},[52,148331,4432],{"class":74},[52,148333,71],{"class":70},[52,148335,91],{"class":66},[52,148337,83],{"class":70},[52,148339,33356],{"class":74},[52,148341,71],{"class":70},[52,148343,91],{"class":66},[52,148345,83],{"class":70},[52,148347,4432],{"class":74},[52,148349,71],{"class":70},[52,148351,151],{"class":66},[52,148353,148354],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148355,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,148357,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148359,2577],{"class":58},[52,148361,63],{"class":62},[52,148363,52999],{"class":58},[52,148365,121],{"class":66},[52,148367,41402],{"class":124},[52,148369,145],{"class":66},[52,148371,71],{"class":70},[52,148373,4432],{"class":74},[52,148375,71],{"class":70},[52,148377,151],{"class":66},[52,148379,148380,148382,148384,148386],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,148381,142],{"class":141},[52,148383,145],{"class":66},[52,148385,2612],{"class":124},[52,148387,151],{"class":66},[20,148389,173],{},[43,148391,148392],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,148393,148394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148395,148396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148397,46762],{"class":103},[20,148399,148400,148402,148403,2746,148405,121],{},[15,148401,57982],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148404,57439],{},[15,148406,2410],{},[38,148408,38161],{"id":38160},[20,148410,57693,148411,128894],{},[15,148412,57439],{},[234,148414,148415,148420,148425,148428],{},[237,148416,11763,148417,148419],{},[15,148418,2467],{}," when the value does not exist",[237,148421,11763,148422,148424],{},[15,148423,3339],{}," when the value appears once",[237,148426,148427],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[237,148429,148430,148431,148433],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148432,7350],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148435,309],{},[43,148437,148439],{"className":45,"code":148438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148440,148441,148482,148486,148513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148442,148443,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148444,148445],{"class":58},"answers ",[52,148447,63],{"class":62},[52,148449,9588],{"class":66},[52,148451,71],{"class":70},[52,148453,9012],{"class":74},[52,148455,71],{"class":70},[52,148457,91],{"class":66},[52,148459,83],{"class":70},[52,148461,8952],{"class":74},[52,148463,71],{"class":70},[52,148465,91],{"class":66},[52,148467,83],{"class":70},[52,148469,9012],{"class":74},[52,148471,71],{"class":70},[52,148473,91],{"class":66},[52,148475,83],{"class":70},[52,148477,9012],{"class":74},[52,148479,71],{"class":70},[52,148481,151],{"class":66},[52,148483,148484],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148485,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,148487,148488,148490,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148489,7350],{"class":163},[52,148491,148492],{"class":58}," answers",[52,148494,121],{"class":66},[52,148496,41402],{"class":124},[52,148498,145],{"class":66},[52,148500,71],{"class":70},[52,148502,9012],{"class":74},[52,148504,71],{"class":70},[52,148506,4014],{"class":66},[52,148508,38537],{"class":62},[52,148510,1364],{"class":103},[52,148512,6748],{"class":66},[52,148514,148515,148517,148519,148521,148524,148526],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,148516,8423],{"class":141},[52,148518,145],{"class":66},[52,148520,71],{"class":70},[52,148522,148523],{"class":74},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[52,148525,71],{"class":70},[52,148527,151],{"class":66},[20,148529,173],{},[43,148531,148533],{"className":45,"code":148532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148534,148535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148536,148537,148540,148542,148544,148546,148549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148538,148539],{"class":58},"The answer ",[52,148541,186],{"class":70},[52,148543,9012],{"class":74},[52,148545,186],{"class":70},[52,148547,148548],{"class":58}," appears more than once",[52,148550,122538],{"class":66},[38,148552,41188],{"id":41187},[20,148554,35543,148555,104722],{},[15,148556,148031],{},[234,148558,148559,148562,148565,148568],{},[237,148560,148561],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[237,148563,148564],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[237,148566,148567],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[237,148569,148570],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148572,309],{},[43,148574,148576],{"className":45,"code":148575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148577,148578,148606,148610,148632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148579,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148581,5416],{"class":58},[52,148583,63],{"class":62},[52,148585,9588],{"class":66},[52,148587,2679],{"class":103},[52,148589,91],{"class":66},[52,148591,104],{"class":103},[52,148593,91],{"class":66},[52,148595,1972],{"class":103},[52,148597,91],{"class":66},[52,148599,8148],{"class":103},[52,148601,91],{"class":66},[52,148603,1972],{"class":103},[52,148605,151],{"class":66},[52,148607,148608],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148609,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,148611,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148613,7350],{"class":163},[52,148615,5463],{"class":58},[52,148617,121],{"class":66},[52,148619,41402],{"class":124},[52,148621,145],{"class":66},[52,148623,2679],{"class":103},[52,148625,4014],{"class":66},[52,148627,51435],{"class":62},[52,148629,1378],{"class":103},[52,148631,6748],{"class":66},[52,148633,148634,148636,148638,148640,148643,148645],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,148635,8423],{"class":141},[52,148637,145],{"class":66},[52,148639,71],{"class":70},[52,148641,148642],{"class":74},"The score 10 is repeated.",[52,148644,71],{"class":70},[52,148646,151],{"class":66},[20,148648,173],{},[43,148650,148652],{"className":45,"code":148651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148653,148654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148655,148656,148659,148661,148663,148666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148657,148658],{"class":58},"The score ",[52,148660,2679],{"class":103},[52,148662,900],{"class":62},[52,148664,148665],{"class":58}," repeated",[52,148667,122538],{"class":66},[38,148669,148671],{"id":148670},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148673,148674],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[234,148676,148677,148683,148688,148691],{},[237,148678,148679,148680,148682],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148681,57439],{}," still works because it only reads data",[237,148684,148685,148687],{},[15,148686,57439],{}," counts exact matches",[237,148689,148690],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[237,148692,148693,2218,148695,148697],{},[15,148694,3339],{},[15,148696,42301],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148699,309],{},[43,148701,148703],{"className":45,"code":148702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148704,148705,148739,148743,148763,148787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148706,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148720,148722,148724,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148708,4178],{"class":58},[52,148710,63],{"class":62},[52,148712,9588],{"class":66},[52,148714,3339],{"class":103},[52,148716,91],{"class":66},[52,148718,148719],{"class":103}," 1.0",[52,148721,91],{"class":66},[52,148723,83],{"class":70},[52,148725,148726],{"class":74},"Cat",[52,148728,71],{"class":70},[52,148730,91],{"class":66},[52,148732,83],{"class":70},[52,148734,37187],{"class":74},[52,148736,71],{"class":70},[52,148738,151],{"class":66},[52,148740,148741],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148742,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,148744,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148746,142],{"class":141},[52,148748,145],{"class":66},[52,148750,5712],{"class":124},[52,148752,121],{"class":66},[52,148754,41402],{"class":124},[52,148756,145],{"class":66},[52,148758,3339],{"class":103},[52,148760,5715],{"class":66},[52,148762,51241],{"class":4017},[52,148764,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,148766,142],{"class":141},[52,148768,145],{"class":66},[52,148770,5712],{"class":124},[52,148772,121],{"class":66},[52,148774,41402],{"class":124},[52,148776,145],{"class":66},[52,148778,71],{"class":70},[52,148780,148726],{"class":74},[52,148782,71],{"class":70},[52,148784,5715],{"class":66},[52,148786,27912],{"class":4017},[52,148788,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,148790,142],{"class":141},[52,148792,145],{"class":66},[52,148794,5712],{"class":124},[52,148796,121],{"class":66},[52,148798,41402],{"class":124},[52,148800,145],{"class":66},[52,148802,71],{"class":70},[52,148804,37187],{"class":74},[52,148806,71],{"class":70},[52,148808,5715],{"class":66},[52,148810,27912],{"class":4017},[20,148812,5511,148813,5514,148816,2221],{},[15,148814,148815],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148817,2404],{},[20,148819,9140,148820,1036,148823,148825],{},[15,148821,148822],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148824,1048],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[38,148827,2022],{"id":2021},[1335,148829,1326,148831,148833],{"id":148830},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148832,41402],{}," without parentheses",[20,148835,148836],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[43,148838,148840],{"className":45,"code":148839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148841,148842,148866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148843,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148845,3971],{"class":58},[52,148847,63],{"class":62},[52,148849,9588],{"class":66},[52,148851,3339],{"class":103},[52,148853,91],{"class":66},[52,148855,1378],{"class":103},[52,148857,91],{"class":66},[52,148859,1378],{"class":103},[52,148861,91],{"class":66},[52,148863,2801],{"class":103},[52,148865,151],{"class":66},[52,148867,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148869,142],{"class":141},[52,148871,145],{"class":66},[52,148873,4001],{"class":124},[52,148875,121],{"class":66},[52,148877,41402],{"class":24881},[52,148879,151],{"class":66},[20,148881,148882],{},"To call the method correctly:",[43,148884,148886],{"className":45,"code":148885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148887,148888],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148889,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148891,142],{"class":141},[52,148893,145],{"class":66},[52,148895,4001],{"class":124},[52,148897,121],{"class":66},[52,148899,41402],{"class":124},[52,148901,145],{"class":66},[52,148903,2404],{"class":103},[52,148905,2120],{"class":66},[1335,148907,8807,148908,8810,148910,261,148912],{"id":58742},[15,148909,57439],{},[15,148911,1048],{},[15,148913,1039],{},[20,148915,148916,58753],{},[15,148917,57439],{},[43,148919,148921],{"className":45,"code":148920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148922,148923,148955,148977,148981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148924,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148926,36229],{"class":58},[52,148928,63],{"class":62},[52,148930,9588],{"class":66},[52,148932,71],{"class":70},[52,148934,257],{"class":74},[52,148936,71],{"class":70},[52,148938,91],{"class":66},[52,148940,83],{"class":70},[52,148942,345],{"class":74},[52,148944,71],{"class":70},[52,148946,91],{"class":66},[52,148948,83],{"class":70},[52,148950,257],{"class":74},[52,148952,71],{"class":70},[52,148954,151],{"class":66},[52,148956,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,148958,2577],{"class":58},[52,148960,63],{"class":62},[52,148962,70247],{"class":58},[52,148964,121],{"class":66},[52,148966,41402],{"class":124},[52,148968,145],{"class":66},[52,148970,71],{"class":70},[52,148972,257],{"class":74},[52,148974,71],{"class":70},[52,148976,151],{"class":66},[52,148978,148979],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148980,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,148982,148983,148985,148987,148989,148991],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,148984,142],{"class":141},[52,148986,145],{"class":66},[52,148988,2612],{"class":124},[52,148990,4014],{"class":66},[52,148992,51562],{"class":4017},[20,148994,148995,148996,148998],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148997,4238],{}," is often simpler:",[43,149000,149002],{"className":45,"code":149001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149003,149004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149005,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149007,142],{"class":141},[52,149009,145],{"class":66},[52,149011,71],{"class":70},[52,149013,257],{"class":74},[52,149015,71],{"class":70},[52,149017,21303],{"class":163},[52,149019,70247],{"class":124},[52,149021,4014],{"class":66},[52,149023,4018],{"class":4017},[1335,149025,37344,149027,9059,149029],{"id":149026},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149028,148031],{},[15,149030,57444],{},[20,149032,149033],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149035,149036],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1335,149038,149040],{"id":149039},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149042,149043,149045],{},[15,149044,57439],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[43,149047,149049],{"className":45,"code":149048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149050,149051,149084,149110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149052,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149054,4423],{"class":58},[52,149056,63],{"class":62},[52,149058,9588],{"class":66},[52,149060,71],{"class":70},[52,149062,4432],{"class":74},[52,149064,71],{"class":70},[52,149066,91],{"class":66},[52,149068,83],{"class":70},[52,149070,149071],{"class":74},"pineapple",[52,149073,71],{"class":70},[52,149075,91],{"class":66},[52,149077,83],{"class":70},[52,149079,4432],{"class":74},[52,149081,71],{"class":70},[52,149083,151],{"class":66},[52,149085,149086,149088,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100,149103,149105,149107],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149087,142],{"class":141},[52,149089,145],{"class":66},[52,149091,4467],{"class":124},[52,149093,121],{"class":66},[52,149095,41402],{"class":124},[52,149097,145],{"class":66},[52,149099,71],{"class":70},[52,149101,149102],{"class":74},"app",[52,149104,71],{"class":70},[52,149106,5715],{"class":66},[52,149108,149109],{"class":4017},"    # 0\n",[52,149111,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,149113,142],{"class":141},[52,149115,145],{"class":66},[52,149117,4467],{"class":124},[52,149119,121],{"class":66},[52,149121,41402],{"class":124},[52,149123,145],{"class":66},[52,149125,71],{"class":70},[52,149127,4432],{"class":74},[52,149129,71],{"class":70},[52,149131,5715],{"class":66},[52,149133,51562],{"class":4017},[20,149135,149136,149139,149140,121],{},[15,149137,149138],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149141,2467],{},[38,149143,149145],{"id":149144},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149147,149148],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[234,149150,149151,149156,149165,149171],{},[237,149152,222,149153,149155],{},[15,149154,4238],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[237,149157,222,149158,149164],{},[257,149159,149161,149162],{"href":149160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149163,59117],{}," to find the position of a value",[237,149166,222,149167,149170],{},[15,149168,149169],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[237,149172,149173],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149175,46185,149176,80],{},[15,149177,4238],{},[43,149179,149181],{"className":45,"code":149180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149182,149183,149203,149207,149223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149184,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149186,3971],{"class":58},[52,149188,63],{"class":62},[52,149190,9588],{"class":66},[52,149192,2855],{"class":103},[52,149194,91],{"class":66},[52,149196,6348],{"class":103},[52,149198,91],{"class":66},[52,149200,54284],{"class":103},[52,149202,151],{"class":66},[52,149204,149205],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149206,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,149208,149209,149211,149213,149215,149217,149219,149221],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,149210,142],{"class":141},[52,149212,145],{"class":66},[52,149214,2372],{"class":103},[52,149216,21303],{"class":163},[52,149218,4617],{"class":124},[52,149220,4014],{"class":66},[52,149222,43999],{"class":4017},[52,149224,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,149226,142],{"class":141},[52,149228,145],{"class":66},[52,149230,2484],{"class":103},[52,149232,21303],{"class":163},[52,149234,4617],{"class":124},[52,149236,4014],{"class":66},[52,149238,44016],{"class":4017},[20,149240,46185,149241,80],{},[15,149242,59117],{},[43,149244,149246],{"className":45,"code":149245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149247,149248,149272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149249,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149251,3971],{"class":58},[52,149253,63],{"class":62},[52,149255,9588],{"class":66},[52,149257,2855],{"class":103},[52,149259,91],{"class":66},[52,149261,6348],{"class":103},[52,149263,91],{"class":66},[52,149265,54284],{"class":103},[52,149267,91],{"class":66},[52,149269,6348],{"class":103},[52,149271,151],{"class":66},[52,149273,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149275,142],{"class":141},[52,149277,145],{"class":66},[52,149279,4001],{"class":124},[52,149281,121],{"class":66},[52,149283,35984],{"class":124},[52,149285,145],{"class":66},[52,149287,2372],{"class":103},[52,149289,5715],{"class":66},[52,149291,27912],{"class":4017},[20,149293,149294,149296,149297,149299,149301],{},[15,149295,57439],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10194,149298],{},[15,149300,59117],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[38,149303,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,149305,5495,149307,5498],{"id":149306},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149308,148031],{},[20,149310,149311],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1335,149313,2195,149315,149317],{"id":149314},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149316,148031],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149319,149320],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1335,149322,149324],{"id":149323},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149326,12244,149327,121],{},[15,149328,2467],{},[1335,149330,5523,149332,149334],{"id":149331},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149333,148031],{}," count strings?",[20,149336,149337],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1335,149339,2215,149341,2218,149343,2221],{"id":149340},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149342,148031],{},[15,149344,149345],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149347,149348,149350,149351,149353],{},[15,149349,57439],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149352,59117],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[38,149355,2240],{"id":2239},[234,149357,149358,149362,149367,149374,149382],{},[237,149359,149360],{},[257,149361,148140],{"href":148139},[237,149363,149364],{},[257,149365,149366],{"href":148143},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[237,149368,149369],{},[257,149370,149371,149372,2264],{"href":149160},"Python tuple ",[15,149373,59117],{},[237,149375,149376],{},[257,149377,149379,149380],{"href":149378},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149381,42504],{},[237,149383,149384],{},[257,149385,59105],{"href":59104},[2278,149387,149388],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":148147,"depth":110,"text":148148,"children":149394},[149395],{"id":103258,"depth":131,"text":103259},{"id":437,"depth":110,"text":438},{"id":38160,"depth":110,"text":38161},{"id":41187,"depth":110,"text":41188},{"id":148670,"depth":110,"text":148671},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":149401},[149402,149404,149405,149407],{"id":148830,"depth":131,"text":149403},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58742,"depth":131,"text":59158},{"id":149026,"depth":131,"text":149406},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149039,"depth":131,"text":149040},{"id":149144,"depth":110,"text":149145},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":149410},[149411,149413,149415,149416,149418],{"id":149306,"depth":131,"text":149412},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149314,"depth":131,"text":149414},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149323,"depth":131,"text":149324},{"id":149331,"depth":131,"text":149417},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149340,"depth":131,"text":149419},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148018,"description":149421},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149428,"title":149429,"body":149430,"description":151117,"extension":2310,"meta":151118,"navigation":134,"path":151119,"seo":151120,"stem":151121,"__hash__":151122},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149431,"toc":151080},[149432,149435,149438,149447,149449,149579,149581,149642,149648,149650,149670,149674,149677,149680,149715,149717,149738,149741,149780,149782,149807,149814,149818,149821,149858,149860,149883,149886,149889,149901,149907,149911,149914,149920,149961,149963,149986,149989,150030,150032,150059,150061,150078,150080,150097,150100,150104,150107,150109,150143,150145,150192,150196,150235,150239,150242,150299,150301,150342,150348,150354,150359,150361,150398,150400,150420,150422,150455,150457,150490,150493,150497,150530,150532,150557,150560,150562,150576,150583,150585,150588,150592,150595,150630,150633,150668,150672,150675,150714,150717,150756,150760,150762,150792,150795,150802,150804,150836,150839,150871,150874,150905,150907,150924,150928,150931,150995,150997,151001,151008,151012,151015,151019,151022,151026,151029,151034,151040,151042,151077],[10,149433,149429],{"id":149434},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149436,149437],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149439,149440,149441,261,149445,121],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[257,149442,149444],{"href":149443},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[257,149446,148140],{"href":148139},[38,149448,41],{"id":40},[43,149450,149452],{"className":45,"code":149451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149453,149454,149474,149483,149497,149533,149537,149547,149557,149568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149455,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149457,3971],{"class":58},[52,149459,63],{"class":62},[52,149461,9588],{"class":66},[52,149463,3339],{"class":103},[52,149465,91],{"class":66},[52,149467,1378],{"class":103},[52,149469,91],{"class":66},[52,149471,2801],{"class":103},[52,149473,151],{"class":66},[52,149475,149476,149478,149480],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149477,125004],{"class":58},[52,149479,63],{"class":62},[52,149481,149482],{"class":66}," ()\n",[52,149484,149485,149488,149490,149492,149494],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,149486,149487],{"class":58},"one_item ",[52,149489,63],{"class":62},[52,149491,9588],{"class":66},[52,149493,2484],{"class":103},[52,149495,149496],{"class":66},",)\n",[52,149498,149499,149502,149504,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,149500,149501],{"class":58},"from_list ",[52,149503,63],{"class":62},[52,149505,149506],{"class":3251}," tuple",[52,149508,3336],{"class":66},[52,149510,71],{"class":70},[52,149512,257],{"class":74},[52,149514,71],{"class":70},[52,149516,91],{"class":66},[52,149518,83],{"class":70},[52,149520,345],{"class":74},[52,149522,71],{"class":70},[52,149524,91],{"class":66},[52,149526,83],{"class":70},[52,149528,10087],{"class":74},[52,149530,71],{"class":70},[52,149532,913],{"class":66},[52,149534,149535],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,149536,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,149538,149539,149541,149543,149545],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,149540,142],{"class":141},[52,149542,145],{"class":66},[52,149544,4001],{"class":124},[52,149546,151],{"class":66},[52,149548,149549,149551,149553,149555],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,149550,142],{"class":141},[52,149552,145],{"class":66},[52,149554,125055],{"class":124},[52,149556,151],{"class":66},[52,149558,149559,149561,149563,149566],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,149560,142],{"class":141},[52,149562,145],{"class":66},[52,149564,149565],{"class":124},"one_item",[52,149567,151],{"class":66},[52,149569,149570,149572,149574,149577],{"class":54,"line":821},[52,149571,142],{"class":141},[52,149573,145],{"class":66},[52,149575,149576],{"class":124},"from_list",[52,149578,151],{"class":66},[20,149580,173],{},[43,149582,149584],{"className":45,"code":149583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149585,149586,149602,149606,149614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149587,149588,149590,149592,149594,149596,149598,149600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149589,145],{"class":66},[52,149591,3339],{"class":103},[52,149593,91],{"class":66},[52,149595,1378],{"class":103},[52,149597,91],{"class":66},[52,149599,2801],{"class":103},[52,149601,151],{"class":66},[52,149603,149604],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149605,128],{"class":66},[52,149607,149608,149610,149612],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,149609,145],{"class":66},[52,149611,2484],{"class":103},[52,149613,149496],{"class":66},[52,149615,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,149617,145],{"class":66},[52,149619,186],{"class":70},[52,149621,257],{"class":74},[52,149623,186],{"class":70},[52,149625,91],{"class":66},[52,149627,195],{"class":70},[52,149629,345],{"class":74},[52,149631,186],{"class":70},[52,149633,91],{"class":66},[52,149635,195],{"class":70},[52,149637,10087],{"class":74},[52,149639,186],{"class":70},[52,149641,151],{"class":66},[20,149643,149644,149645,121],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149646,149647],{},"(5,)",[38,149649,15288],{"id":15287},[234,149651,149652,149655,149658,149661,149664,149667],{},[237,149653,149654],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[237,149656,149657],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[237,149659,149660],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[237,149662,149663],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[237,149665,149666],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[237,149668,149669],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[38,149671,149673],{"id":149672},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149675,149676],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149678,149679],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[43,149681,149683],{"className":45,"code":149682,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149684,149685,149705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149686,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149688,3971],{"class":58},[52,149690,63],{"class":62},[52,149692,9588],{"class":66},[52,149694,3339],{"class":103},[52,149696,91],{"class":66},[52,149698,1378],{"class":103},[52,149700,91],{"class":66},[52,149702,2801],{"class":103},[52,149704,151],{"class":66},[52,149706,149707,149709,149711,149713],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149708,142],{"class":141},[52,149710,145],{"class":66},[52,149712,4001],{"class":124},[52,149714,151],{"class":66},[20,149716,173],{},[43,149718,149720],{"className":45,"code":149719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149721,149722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149723,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149725,145],{"class":66},[52,149727,3339],{"class":103},[52,149729,91],{"class":66},[52,149731,1378],{"class":103},[52,149733,91],{"class":66},[52,149735,2801],{"class":103},[52,149737,151],{"class":66},[20,149739,149740],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[43,149742,149744],{"className":45,"code":149743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149745,149746,149770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149747,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149749,1815],{"class":58},[52,149751,63],{"class":62},[52,149753,9588],{"class":66},[52,149755,3339],{"class":103},[52,149757,91],{"class":66},[52,149759,83],{"class":70},[52,149761,4432],{"class":74},[52,149763,71],{"class":70},[52,149765,91],{"class":66},[52,149767,4270],{"class":218},[52,149769,151],{"class":66},[52,149771,149772,149774,149776,149778],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149773,142],{"class":141},[52,149775,145],{"class":66},[52,149777,1868],{"class":124},[52,149779,151],{"class":66},[20,149781,173],{},[43,149783,149785],{"className":45,"code":149784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149786,149787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149788,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149790,145],{"class":66},[52,149792,3339],{"class":103},[52,149794,91],{"class":66},[52,149796,195],{"class":70},[52,149798,4432],{"class":74},[52,149800,186],{"class":70},[52,149802,91],{"class":66},[52,149804,4270],{"class":218},[52,149806,151],{"class":66},[20,149808,149809,149810,121],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[257,149811,149813],{"href":149812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[38,149815,149817],{"id":149816},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149819,149820],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[43,149822,149824],{"className":45,"code":149823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149825,149826,149834,149844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149827,149828,149830,149832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149829,125004],{"class":58},[52,149831,63],{"class":62},[52,149833,149482],{"class":66},[52,149835,149836,149838,149840,149842],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149837,142],{"class":141},[52,149839,145],{"class":66},[52,149841,125055],{"class":124},[52,149843,151],{"class":66},[52,149845,149846,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,149847,142],{"class":141},[52,149849,145],{"class":66},[52,149851,3573],{"class":3251},[52,149853,145],{"class":66},[52,149855,125055],{"class":124},[52,149857,2120],{"class":66},[20,149859,173],{},[43,149861,149863],{"className":45,"code":149862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149864,149865,149869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149866,149867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149868,128],{"class":66},[52,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149872,3642],{"class":62},[52,149874,3645],{"class":2413},[52,149876,195],{"class":70},[52,149878,49099],{"class":74},[52,149880,186],{"class":70},[52,149882,3654],{"class":62},[20,149884,149885],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149887,149888],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[234,149890,149891,149896],{},[237,149892,149893,149894],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149895,7719],{},[237,149897,149898,149899],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149900,4142],{},[20,149902,149903,149904,121],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[257,149905,149906],{"href":57302},"Python list: creating a list",[38,149908,149910],{"id":149909},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149912,149913],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149915,149916,149917,149919],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[33,149918,1332],{}," automatically a tuple:",[43,149921,149923],{"className":45,"code":149922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149924,149925,149937,149947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149926,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149928,2796],{"class":58},[52,149930,63],{"class":62},[52,149932,9588],{"class":66},[52,149934,2484],{"class":103},[52,149936,151],{"class":66},[52,149938,149939,149941,149943,149945],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149940,142],{"class":141},[52,149942,145],{"class":66},[52,149944,2823],{"class":124},[52,149946,151],{"class":66},[52,149948,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,149950,142],{"class":141},[52,149952,145],{"class":66},[52,149954,3573],{"class":3251},[52,149956,145],{"class":66},[52,149958,2823],{"class":124},[52,149960,2120],{"class":66},[20,149962,173],{},[43,149964,149966],{"className":45,"code":149965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149967,149968,149972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149969,149970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149971,3297],{"class":103},[52,149973,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,149975,3642],{"class":62},[52,149977,3645],{"class":2413},[52,149979,195],{"class":70},[52,149981,2535],{"class":74},[52,149983,186],{"class":70},[52,149985,3654],{"class":62},[20,149987,149988],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[43,149990,149992],{"className":45,"code":149991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149993,149994,150006,150016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149995,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149997,149487],{"class":58},[52,149999,63],{"class":62},[52,150001,9588],{"class":66},[52,150003,2484],{"class":103},[52,150005,149496],{"class":66},[52,150007,150008,150010,150012,150014],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150009,142],{"class":141},[52,150011,145],{"class":66},[52,150013,149565],{"class":124},[52,150015,151],{"class":66},[52,150017,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150019,142],{"class":141},[52,150021,145],{"class":66},[52,150023,3573],{"class":3251},[52,150025,145],{"class":66},[52,150027,149565],{"class":124},[52,150029,2120],{"class":66},[20,150031,173],{},[43,150033,150035],{"className":45,"code":150034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150036,150037,150045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150038,150039,150041,150043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150040,145],{"class":66},[52,150042,2484],{"class":103},[52,150044,149496],{"class":66},[52,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150048,3642],{"class":62},[52,150050,3645],{"class":2413},[52,150052,195],{"class":70},[52,150054,49099],{"class":74},[52,150056,186],{"class":70},[52,150058,3654],{"class":62},[20,150060,16782],{},[43,150062,150064],{"className":45,"code":150063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150065,150066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150067,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150069,145],{"class":66},[52,150071,71],{"class":70},[52,150073,4432],{"class":74},[52,150075,71],{"class":70},[52,150077,149496],{"class":66},[20,150079,16770],{},[43,150081,150083],{"className":45,"code":150082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150084,150085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150088,145],{"class":66},[52,150090,71],{"class":70},[52,150092,4432],{"class":74},[52,150094,71],{"class":70},[52,150096,151],{"class":66},[20,150098,150099],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[38,150101,150103],{"id":150102},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150105,150106],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1335,150108,56610],{"id":4001},[43,150110,150111],{"className":45,"code":149682,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150112,150113,150133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150114,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150116,3971],{"class":58},[52,150118,63],{"class":62},[52,150120,9588],{"class":66},[52,150122,3339],{"class":103},[52,150124,91],{"class":66},[52,150126,1378],{"class":103},[52,150128,91],{"class":66},[52,150130,2801],{"class":103},[52,150132,151],{"class":66},[52,150134,150135,150137,150139,150141],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150136,142],{"class":141},[52,150138,145],{"class":66},[52,150140,4001],{"class":124},[52,150142,151],{"class":66},[1335,150144,56613],{"id":5662},[43,150146,150148],{"className":45,"code":150147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150149,150150,150182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150153,319],{"class":58},[52,150155,63],{"class":62},[52,150157,9588],{"class":66},[52,150159,71],{"class":70},[52,150161,336],{"class":74},[52,150163,71],{"class":70},[52,150165,91],{"class":66},[52,150167,83],{"class":70},[52,150169,17583],{"class":74},[52,150171,71],{"class":70},[52,150173,91],{"class":66},[52,150175,83],{"class":70},[52,150177,354],{"class":74},[52,150179,71],{"class":70},[52,150181,151],{"class":66},[52,150183,150184,150186,150188,150190],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150185,142],{"class":141},[52,150187,145],{"class":66},[52,150189,17630],{"class":124},[52,150191,151],{"class":66},[1335,150193,150195],{"id":150194},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[43,150197,150199],{"className":45,"code":150198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150200,150201,150225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150202,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150204,59622],{"class":58},[52,150206,63],{"class":62},[52,150208,9588],{"class":66},[52,150210,3339],{"class":103},[52,150212,91],{"class":66},[52,150214,83],{"class":70},[52,150216,4432],{"class":74},[52,150218,71],{"class":70},[52,150220,91],{"class":66},[52,150222,4270],{"class":218},[52,150224,151],{"class":66},[52,150226,150227,150229,150231,150233],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150228,142],{"class":141},[52,150230,145],{"class":66},[52,150232,59675],{"class":124},[52,150234,151],{"class":66},[1335,150236,150238],{"id":150237},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150240,150241],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[43,150243,150245],{"className":45,"code":150244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150246,150247,150288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150248,150249,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150250,150251],{"class":58},"nested ",[52,150253,63],{"class":62},[52,150255,9588],{"class":66},[52,150257,3339],{"class":103},[52,150259,91],{"class":66},[52,150261,9588],{"class":66},[52,150263,71],{"class":70},[52,150265,257],{"class":74},[52,150267,71],{"class":70},[52,150269,91],{"class":66},[52,150271,83],{"class":70},[52,150273,345],{"class":74},[52,150275,71],{"class":70},[52,150277,2110],{"class":66},[52,150279,755],{"class":66},[52,150281,2679],{"class":103},[52,150283,91],{"class":66},[52,150285,104],{"class":103},[52,150287,913],{"class":66},[52,150289,150290,150292,150294,150297],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150291,142],{"class":141},[52,150293,145],{"class":66},[52,150295,150296],{"class":124},"nested",[52,150298,151],{"class":66},[20,150300,173],{},[43,150302,150304],{"className":45,"code":150303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150305,150306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150309,145],{"class":66},[52,150311,3339],{"class":103},[52,150313,91],{"class":66},[52,150315,9588],{"class":66},[52,150317,186],{"class":70},[52,150319,257],{"class":74},[52,150321,186],{"class":70},[52,150323,91],{"class":66},[52,150325,195],{"class":70},[52,150327,345],{"class":74},[52,150329,186],{"class":70},[52,150331,2110],{"class":66},[52,150333,755],{"class":66},[52,150335,2679],{"class":103},[52,150337,91],{"class":66},[52,150339,104],{"class":103},[52,150341,913],{"class":66},[38,150343,150345,150346],{"id":150344},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150347,38187],{},[20,150349,150350,150351,150353],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150352,38187],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150355,150356,150357,121],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[257,150358,63368],{"href":63367},[1335,150360,105399],{"id":105398},[43,150362,150364],{"className":45,"code":150363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150365,150366,150388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150367,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150369,3971],{"class":58},[52,150371,63],{"class":62},[52,150373,149506],{"class":3251},[52,150375,3336],{"class":66},[52,150377,3339],{"class":103},[52,150379,91],{"class":66},[52,150381,1378],{"class":103},[52,150383,91],{"class":66},[52,150385,2801],{"class":103},[52,150387,913],{"class":66},[52,150389,150390,150392,150394,150396],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150391,142],{"class":141},[52,150393,145],{"class":66},[52,150395,4001],{"class":124},[52,150397,151],{"class":66},[20,150399,173],{},[43,150401,150402],{"className":45,"code":149719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150403,150404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150405,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150407,145],{"class":66},[52,150409,3339],{"class":103},[52,150411,91],{"class":66},[52,150413,1378],{"class":103},[52,150415,91],{"class":66},[52,150417,2801],{"class":103},[52,150419,151],{"class":66},[1335,150421,105585],{"id":105584},[43,150423,150425],{"className":45,"code":150424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150426,150427,150445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150428,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441,150443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150430,36229],{"class":58},[52,150432,63],{"class":62},[52,150434,149506],{"class":3251},[52,150436,145],{"class":66},[52,150438,71],{"class":70},[52,150440,41703],{"class":74},[52,150442,71],{"class":70},[52,150444,151],{"class":66},[52,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150448,142],{"class":141},[52,150450,145],{"class":66},[52,150452,36282],{"class":124},[52,150454,151],{"class":66},[20,150456,173],{},[43,150458,150460],{"className":45,"code":150459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150461,150462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150463,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150465,145],{"class":66},[52,150467,186],{"class":70},[52,150469,257],{"class":74},[52,150471,186],{"class":70},[52,150473,91],{"class":66},[52,150475,195],{"class":70},[52,150477,345],{"class":74},[52,150479,186],{"class":70},[52,150481,91],{"class":66},[52,150483,195],{"class":70},[52,150485,10087],{"class":74},[52,150487,186],{"class":70},[52,150489,151],{"class":66},[20,150491,150492],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1335,150494,150496],{"id":150495},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[43,150498,150500],{"className":45,"code":150499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150501,150502,150520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150503,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150505,4178],{"class":58},[52,150507,63],{"class":62},[52,150509,149506],{"class":3251},[52,150511,145],{"class":66},[52,150513,60148],{"class":141},[52,150515,145],{"class":66},[52,150517,2855],{"class":103},[52,150519,2120],{"class":66},[52,150521,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150523,142],{"class":141},[52,150525,145],{"class":66},[52,150527,5712],{"class":124},[52,150529,151],{"class":66},[20,150531,173],{},[43,150533,150535],{"className":45,"code":150534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150536,150537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150538,150539,150541,150543,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150540,145],{"class":66},[52,150542,2467],{"class":103},[52,150544,91],{"class":66},[52,150546,1364],{"class":103},[52,150548,91],{"class":66},[52,150550,1378],{"class":103},[52,150552,91],{"class":66},[52,150554,2801],{"class":103},[52,150556,151],{"class":66},[20,150558,150559],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[38,150561,20930],{"id":20929},[234,150563,150564,150567,150570,150573],{},[237,150565,150566],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[237,150568,150569],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[237,150571,150572],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[237,150574,150575],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150577,150578,150579,121],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[257,150580,150582],{"href":150581},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[38,150584,2022],{"id":2021},[20,150586,150587],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1335,150589,150591],{"id":150590},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150593,150594],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[43,150596,150598],{"className":45,"code":150597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150599,150600,150616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150601,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150603,28671],{"class":58},[52,150605,63],{"class":62},[52,150607,9588],{"class":66},[52,150609,71],{"class":70},[52,150611,4432],{"class":74},[52,150613,71],{"class":70},[52,150615,151],{"class":66},[52,150617,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626,150628],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150619,142],{"class":141},[52,150621,145],{"class":66},[52,150623,3573],{"class":3251},[52,150625,145],{"class":66},[52,150627,23441],{"class":124},[52,150629,2120],{"class":66},[20,150631,150632],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[43,150634,150636],{"className":45,"code":150635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150637,150638,150654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150639,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150641,28671],{"class":58},[52,150643,63],{"class":62},[52,150645,9588],{"class":66},[52,150647,71],{"class":70},[52,150649,4432],{"class":74},[52,150651,71],{"class":70},[52,150653,149496],{"class":66},[52,150655,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150657,142],{"class":141},[52,150659,145],{"class":66},[52,150661,3573],{"class":3251},[52,150663,145],{"class":66},[52,150665,23441],{"class":124},[52,150667,2120],{"class":66},[1335,150669,150671],{"id":150670},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150673,150674],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[43,150676,150678],{"className":45,"code":150677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150679,150680,150700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150681,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150683,4178],{"class":58},[52,150685,63],{"class":62},[52,150687,755],{"class":66},[52,150689,3339],{"class":103},[52,150691,91],{"class":66},[52,150693,1378],{"class":103},[52,150695,91],{"class":66},[52,150697,2801],{"class":103},[52,150699,766],{"class":66},[52,150701,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710,150712],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150703,142],{"class":141},[52,150705,145],{"class":66},[52,150707,3573],{"class":3251},[52,150709,145],{"class":66},[52,150711,5712],{"class":124},[52,150713,2120],{"class":66},[20,150715,150716],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[43,150718,150720],{"className":45,"code":150719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150721,150722,150742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150725,4178],{"class":58},[52,150727,63],{"class":62},[52,150729,9588],{"class":66},[52,150731,3339],{"class":103},[52,150733,91],{"class":66},[52,150735,1378],{"class":103},[52,150737,91],{"class":66},[52,150739,2801],{"class":103},[52,150741,151],{"class":66},[52,150743,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150745,142],{"class":141},[52,150747,145],{"class":66},[52,150749,3573],{"class":3251},[52,150751,145],{"class":66},[52,150753,5712],{"class":124},[52,150755,2120],{"class":66},[1335,150757,150759],{"id":150758},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150761,150572],{},[43,150763,150765],{"className":45,"code":150764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150766,150767,150787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150768,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150770,3971],{"class":58},[52,150772,63],{"class":62},[52,150774,9588],{"class":66},[52,150776,3339],{"class":103},[52,150778,91],{"class":66},[52,150780,1378],{"class":103},[52,150782,91],{"class":66},[52,150784,2801],{"class":103},[52,150786,151],{"class":66},[52,150788,150789],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150790,150791],{"class":4017},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150793,150794],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1335,150796,37344,150798,150801],{"id":150797},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150799,150800],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150803,64794],{},[43,150805,150806],{"className":45,"code":150424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150807,150808,150826],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150809,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820,150822,150824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150811,36229],{"class":58},[52,150813,63],{"class":62},[52,150815,149506],{"class":3251},[52,150817,145],{"class":66},[52,150819,71],{"class":70},[52,150821,41703],{"class":74},[52,150823,71],{"class":70},[52,150825,151],{"class":66},[52,150827,150828,150830,150832,150834],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150829,142],{"class":141},[52,150831,145],{"class":66},[52,150833,36282],{"class":124},[52,150835,151],{"class":66},[20,150837,150838],{},"gives:",[43,150840,150841],{"className":45,"code":150459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150842,150843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150844,150845,150847,150849,150851,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150846,145],{"class":66},[52,150848,186],{"class":70},[52,150850,257],{"class":74},[52,150852,186],{"class":70},[52,150854,91],{"class":66},[52,150856,195],{"class":70},[52,150858,345],{"class":74},[52,150860,186],{"class":70},[52,150862,91],{"class":66},[52,150864,195],{"class":70},[52,150866,10087],{"class":74},[52,150868,186],{"class":70},[52,150870,151],{"class":66},[20,150872,150873],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[43,150875,150877],{"className":45,"code":150876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150878,150879,150895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150880,150881,150883,150885,150887,150889,150891,150893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150882,6508],{"class":58},[52,150884,63],{"class":62},[52,150886,9588],{"class":66},[52,150888,71],{"class":70},[52,150890,41703],{"class":74},[52,150892,71],{"class":70},[52,150894,149496],{"class":66},[52,150896,150897,150899,150901,150903],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150898,142],{"class":141},[52,150900,145],{"class":66},[52,150902,38532],{"class":124},[52,150904,151],{"class":66},[20,150906,173],{},[43,150908,150910],{"className":45,"code":150909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('abc',)\n",[15,150911,150912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150913,150914,150916,150918,150920,150922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150915,145],{"class":66},[52,150917,186],{"class":70},[52,150919,41703],{"class":74},[52,150921,186],{"class":70},[52,150923,149496],{"class":66},[1335,150925,150927],{"id":150926},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150929,150930],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[43,150932,150934],{"className":45,"code":150933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150935,150936,150953,150957,150967,150981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150937,150938,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150939,150940],{"class":58},"my_tuple ",[52,150942,63],{"class":62},[52,150944,9588],{"class":66},[52,150946,71],{"class":70},[52,150948,4432],{"class":74},[52,150950,71],{"class":70},[52,150952,149496],{"class":66},[52,150954,150955],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,150956,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,150958,150959,150961,150963,150965],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150960,142],{"class":141},[52,150962,145],{"class":66},[52,150964,148158],{"class":124},[52,150966,151],{"class":66},[52,150968,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,150970,142],{"class":141},[52,150972,145],{"class":66},[52,150974,3573],{"class":3251},[52,150976,145],{"class":66},[52,150978,148158],{"class":124},[52,150980,2120],{"class":66},[52,150982,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,150984,142],{"class":141},[52,150986,145],{"class":66},[52,150988,11505],{"class":141},[52,150990,145],{"class":66},[52,150992,148158],{"class":124},[52,150994,2120],{"class":66},[38,150996,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,150998,151000],{"id":150999},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151002,151003,151004,151007],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151005,151006],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1335,151009,151011],{"id":151010},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151013,151014],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1335,151016,151018],{"id":151017},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151020,151021],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1335,151023,151025],{"id":151024},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151027,151028],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1335,151030,5495,151032,13040],{"id":151031},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151033,150800],{},[20,151035,5501,151036,151039],{},[15,151037,151038],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[38,151041,2240],{"id":2239},[234,151043,151044,151048,151052,151058,151063,151068,151072],{},[237,151045,151046],{},[257,151047,148140],{"href":148139},[237,151049,151050],{},[257,151051,149813],{"href":149812},[237,151053,151054],{},[257,151055,151057],{"href":151056},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[237,151059,151060],{},[257,151061,151062],{"href":149378},"Python tuple length with len()",[237,151064,151065],{},[257,151066,151067],{"href":149443},"What is a tuple in Python?",[237,151069,151070],{},[257,151071,63368],{"href":63367},[237,151073,151074],{},[257,151075,151076],{"href":150581},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2278,151078,151079],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":151081},[151082,151083,151084,151085,151086,151087,151093,151099,151100,151108,151116],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":149672,"depth":110,"text":149673},{"id":149816,"depth":110,"text":149817},{"id":149909,"depth":110,"text":149910},{"id":150102,"depth":110,"text":150103,"children":151088},[151089,151090,151091,151092],{"id":4001,"depth":131,"text":56610},{"id":5662,"depth":131,"text":56613},{"id":150194,"depth":131,"text":150195},{"id":150237,"depth":131,"text":150238},{"id":150344,"depth":110,"text":151094,"children":151095},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151096,151097,151098],{"id":105398,"depth":131,"text":105399},{"id":105584,"depth":131,"text":105585},{"id":150495,"depth":131,"text":150496},{"id":20929,"depth":110,"text":20930},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":151101},[151102,151103,151104,151105,151107],{"id":150590,"depth":131,"text":150591},{"id":150670,"depth":131,"text":150671},{"id":150758,"depth":131,"text":150759},{"id":150797,"depth":131,"text":151106},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150926,"depth":131,"text":150927},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":151109},[151110,151111,151112,151113,151114],{"id":150999,"depth":131,"text":151000},{"id":151010,"depth":131,"text":151011},{"id":151017,"depth":131,"text":151018},{"id":151024,"depth":131,"text":151025},{"id":151031,"depth":131,"text":151115},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149429,"description":151117},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151124,"title":151125,"body":151126,"description":152671,"extension":2310,"meta":152672,"navigation":134,"path":152673,"seo":152674,"stem":152675,"__hash__":152676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151127,"toc":152641},[151128,151131,151136,151138,151151,151157,151159,151226,151228,151263,151268,151272,151276,151278,151289,151297,151299,151301,151322,151324,151344,151347,151349,151354,151397,151399,151421,151424,151437,151441,151445,151448,151501,151503,151524,151529,151533,151536,151581,151583,151616,151628,151632,151640,151677,151679,151708,151712,151715,151768,151770,151790,151797,151801,151806,151875,151877,151902,151906,151909,151915,151992,151994,152053,152055,152067,152072,152076,152080,152094,152096,152131,152133,152150,152153,152166,152170,152174,152185,152190,152205,152208,152211,152213,152216,152220,152222,152236,152238,152262,152267,152271,152274,152293,152296,152345,152350,152367,152370,152403,152407,152409,152460,152463,152488,152491,152514,152518,152524,152526,152561,152564,152569,152571,152575,152578,152582,152587,152591,152594,152598,152601,152605,152610,152612,152638],[10,151129,151125],{"id":151130},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151132,9478,151133,151135],{},[15,151134,38187],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151137,82740],{},[234,151139,151140,151145],{},[237,151141,151142,151144],{},[15,151143,38187],{}," creates an empty tuple",[237,151146,151147,151150],{},[15,151148,151149],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151152,151153,151154,151156],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151155,38187],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[38,151158,41],{"id":40},[43,151160,151162],{"className":45,"code":151161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151163,151164,151184,151198,151202,151212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151165,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151167,3971],{"class":58},[52,151169,63],{"class":62},[52,151171,755],{"class":66},[52,151173,3339],{"class":103},[52,151175,91],{"class":66},[52,151177,1378],{"class":103},[52,151179,91],{"class":66},[52,151181,2801],{"class":103},[52,151183,766],{"class":66},[52,151185,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151187,2577],{"class":58},[52,151189,63],{"class":62},[52,151191,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151193,145],{"class":66},[52,151195,4001],{"class":124},[52,151197,151],{"class":66},[52,151199,151200],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151201,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151203,151204,151206,151208,151210],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151205,142],{"class":141},[52,151207,145],{"class":66},[52,151209,2612],{"class":124},[52,151211,151],{"class":66},[52,151213,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,151215,142],{"class":141},[52,151217,145],{"class":66},[52,151219,3573],{"class":3251},[52,151221,145],{"class":66},[52,151223,2612],{"class":124},[52,151225,2120],{"class":66},[20,151227,173],{},[43,151229,151231],{"className":45,"code":151230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151232,151233,151249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151234,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151236,145],{"class":66},[52,151238,3339],{"class":103},[52,151240,91],{"class":66},[52,151242,1378],{"class":103},[52,151244,91],{"class":66},[52,151246,2801],{"class":103},[52,151248,151],{"class":66},[52,151250,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151252,3642],{"class":62},[52,151254,3645],{"class":2413},[52,151256,195],{"class":70},[52,151258,49099],{"class":74},[52,151260,186],{"class":70},[52,151262,3654],{"class":62},[20,151264,222,151265,151267],{},[15,151266,151149],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[38,151269,151271],{"id":151270},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151273,151274,63076],{},[15,151275,38187],{},[20,151277,49073],{},[234,151279,151280,151283,151286],{},[237,151281,151282],{},"creates a tuple object",[237,151284,151285],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[237,151287,151288],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151290,151291,151292,151294,151295,121],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[257,151293,149444],{"href":149443}," or the full guide to ",[257,151296,148140],{"href":148139},[38,151298,269],{"id":268},[20,151300,26619],{},[43,151302,151304],{"className":45,"code":151303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151305,151306,151312],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151307,151308,151310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151309,49099],{"class":3251},[52,151311,128],{"class":66},[52,151313,151314,151316,151318,151320],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151315,49099],{"class":3251},[52,151317,145],{"class":66},[52,151319,4075],{"class":124},[52,151321,151],{"class":66},[20,151323,11798],{},[234,151325,151326,151329],{},[237,151327,151328],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[237,151330,151331,151332],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[234,151333,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342],{},[237,151335,5653],{},[237,151337,5662],{},[237,151339,63147],{},[237,151341,5659],{},[237,151343,7604],{},[20,151345,151346],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[38,151348,149817],{"id":149816},[20,151350,29783,151351,151353],{},[15,151352,38187],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[43,151355,151357],{"className":45,"code":151356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151358,151359,151369,151373,151383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151360,151361,151363,151365,151367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151362,125004],{"class":58},[52,151364,63],{"class":62},[52,151366,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151368,128],{"class":66},[52,151370,151371],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151372,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151374,151375,151377,151379,151381],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151376,142],{"class":141},[52,151378,145],{"class":66},[52,151380,125055],{"class":124},[52,151382,151],{"class":66},[52,151384,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151386,142],{"class":141},[52,151388,145],{"class":66},[52,151390,3573],{"class":3251},[52,151392,145],{"class":66},[52,151394,125055],{"class":124},[52,151396,2120],{"class":66},[20,151398,173],{},[43,151400,151401],{"className":45,"code":149862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151402,151403,151407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151404,151405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151406,128],{"class":66},[52,151408,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151410,3642],{"class":62},[52,151412,3645],{"class":2413},[52,151414,195],{"class":70},[52,151416,49099],{"class":74},[52,151418,186],{"class":70},[52,151420,3654],{"class":62},[20,151422,151423],{},"This is equivalent to:",[43,151425,151427],{"className":45,"code":151426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\n",[15,151428,151429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151430,151431,151433,151435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151432,125004],{"class":58},[52,151434,63],{"class":62},[52,151436,149482],{"class":66},[38,151438,151440],{"id":151439},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1335,151442,151444],{"id":151443},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151446,151447],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[43,151449,151451],{"className":45,"code":151450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151452,151453,151473,151487,151491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151454,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151456,3971],{"class":58},[52,151458,63],{"class":62},[52,151460,755],{"class":66},[52,151462,2679],{"class":103},[52,151464,91],{"class":66},[52,151466,104],{"class":103},[52,151468,91],{"class":66},[52,151470,8148],{"class":103},[52,151472,766],{"class":66},[52,151474,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151476,2577],{"class":58},[52,151478,63],{"class":62},[52,151480,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151482,145],{"class":66},[52,151484,4001],{"class":124},[52,151486,151],{"class":66},[52,151488,151489],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151490,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151494,142],{"class":141},[52,151496,145],{"class":66},[52,151498,2612],{"class":124},[52,151500,151],{"class":66},[20,151502,173],{},[43,151504,151506],{"className":45,"code":151505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151507,151508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151509,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151511,145],{"class":66},[52,151513,2679],{"class":103},[52,151515,91],{"class":66},[52,151517,104],{"class":103},[52,151519,91],{"class":66},[52,151521,8148],{"class":103},[52,151523,151],{"class":66},[20,151525,151526,151527,121],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[257,151528,105204],{"href":60205},[1335,151530,151532],{"id":151531},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151534,151535],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[43,151537,151539],{"className":45,"code":151538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151540,151541,151553,151567,151571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151544,34824],{"class":58},[52,151546,63],{"class":62},[52,151548,83],{"class":70},[52,151550,37187],{"class":74},[52,151552,3710],{"class":70},[52,151554,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151556,2577],{"class":58},[52,151558,63],{"class":62},[52,151560,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151562,145],{"class":66},[52,151564,34845],{"class":124},[52,151566,151],{"class":66},[52,151568,151569],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151570,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151572,151573,151575,151577,151579],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151574,142],{"class":141},[52,151576,145],{"class":66},[52,151578,2612],{"class":124},[52,151580,151],{"class":66},[20,151582,173],{},[43,151584,151586],{"className":45,"code":151585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151587,151588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151591,145],{"class":66},[52,151593,186],{"class":70},[52,151595,10087],{"class":74},[52,151597,186],{"class":70},[52,151599,91],{"class":66},[52,151601,195],{"class":70},[52,151603,257],{"class":74},[52,151605,186],{"class":70},[52,151607,91],{"class":66},[52,151609,195],{"class":70},[52,151611,63437],{"class":74},[52,151613,186],{"class":70},[52,151615,151],{"class":66},[20,151617,151618,151619,1329,151622,151624,151625,121],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151620,151621],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[33,151623,1332],{}," create ",[15,151626,151627],{},"('cat',)",[1335,151629,151631],{"id":151630},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151633,151634,151636,151637,151639],{},[15,151635,36337],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151638,38187],{}," collects them all.",[43,151641,151643],{"className":45,"code":151642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151644,151645,151663,151667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151646,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151648,2577],{"class":58},[52,151650,63],{"class":62},[52,151652,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151654,145],{"class":66},[52,151656,60148],{"class":141},[52,151658,145],{"class":66},[52,151660,2484],{"class":103},[52,151662,2120],{"class":66},[52,151664,151665],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151666,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151668,151669,151671,151673,151675],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151670,142],{"class":141},[52,151672,145],{"class":66},[52,151674,2612],{"class":124},[52,151676,151],{"class":66},[20,151678,173],{},[43,151680,151682],{"className":45,"code":151681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151683,151684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151685,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151687,145],{"class":66},[52,151689,2467],{"class":103},[52,151691,91],{"class":66},[52,151693,1364],{"class":103},[52,151695,91],{"class":66},[52,151697,1378],{"class":103},[52,151699,91],{"class":66},[52,151701,2801],{"class":103},[52,151703,91],{"class":66},[52,151705,2807],{"class":103},[52,151707,151],{"class":66},[1335,151709,151711],{"id":151710},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151713,151714],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[43,151716,151718],{"className":45,"code":151717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151719,151720,151740,151754,151758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151721,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151723,4178],{"class":58},[52,151725,63],{"class":62},[52,151727,67],{"class":66},[52,151729,3339],{"class":103},[52,151731,91],{"class":66},[52,151733,1378],{"class":103},[52,151735,91],{"class":66},[52,151737,2801],{"class":103},[52,151739,107],{"class":66},[52,151741,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151743,2577],{"class":58},[52,151745,63],{"class":62},[52,151747,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151749,145],{"class":66},[52,151751,5712],{"class":124},[52,151753,151],{"class":66},[52,151755,151756],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151757,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151759,151760,151762,151764,151766],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151761,142],{"class":141},[52,151763,145],{"class":66},[52,151765,2612],{"class":124},[52,151767,151],{"class":66},[20,151769,173],{},[43,151771,151772],{"className":45,"code":149719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151773,151774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151775,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151777,145],{"class":66},[52,151779,3339],{"class":103},[52,151781,91],{"class":66},[52,151783,1378],{"class":103},[52,151785,91],{"class":66},[52,151787,2801],{"class":103},[52,151789,151],{"class":66},[20,151791,151792,151793,121],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[257,151794,151796],{"href":151795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1335,151798,151800],{"id":151799},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151802,63690,151803,151805],{},[15,151804,38187],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[43,151807,151809],{"className":45,"code":151808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151810,151811,151847,151861,151865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151814,451],{"class":58},[52,151816,63],{"class":62},[52,151818,67],{"class":66},[52,151820,71],{"class":70},[52,151822,75],{"class":74},[52,151824,71],{"class":70},[52,151826,80],{"class":66},[52,151828,83],{"class":70},[52,151830,86],{"class":74},[52,151832,71],{"class":70},[52,151834,91],{"class":66},[52,151836,83],{"class":70},[52,151838,96],{"class":74},[52,151840,71],{"class":70},[52,151842,80],{"class":66},[52,151844,483],{"class":103},[52,151846,107],{"class":66},[52,151848,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151850,2577],{"class":58},[52,151852,63],{"class":62},[52,151854,149506],{"class":3251},[52,151856,145],{"class":66},[52,151858,17434],{"class":124},[52,151860,151],{"class":66},[52,151862,151863],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151864,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151866,151867,151869,151871,151873],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151868,142],{"class":141},[52,151870,145],{"class":66},[52,151872,2612],{"class":124},[52,151874,151],{"class":66},[20,151876,30163],{},[43,151878,151880],{"className":45,"code":151879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151881,151882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151883,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151885,145],{"class":66},[52,151887,186],{"class":70},[52,151889,75],{"class":74},[52,151891,186],{"class":70},[52,151893,91],{"class":66},[52,151895,195],{"class":70},[52,151897,96],{"class":74},[52,151899,186],{"class":70},[52,151901,151],{"class":66},[38,151903,151905],{"id":151904},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151907,151908],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151910,151911,151914],{},[15,151912,151913],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[43,151916,151918],{"className":45,"code":151917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151919,151920,151956,151960,151974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151921,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151923,451],{"class":58},[52,151925,63],{"class":62},[52,151927,67],{"class":66},[52,151929,71],{"class":70},[52,151931,75],{"class":74},[52,151933,71],{"class":70},[52,151935,80],{"class":66},[52,151937,83],{"class":70},[52,151939,86],{"class":74},[52,151941,71],{"class":70},[52,151943,91],{"class":66},[52,151945,83],{"class":70},[52,151947,96],{"class":74},[52,151949,71],{"class":70},[52,151951,80],{"class":66},[52,151953,483],{"class":103},[52,151955,107],{"class":66},[52,151957,151958],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,151959,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,151961,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151963,142],{"class":141},[52,151965,145],{"class":66},[52,151967,49099],{"class":3251},[52,151969,145],{"class":66},[52,151971,17434],{"class":124},[52,151973,2120],{"class":66},[52,151975,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,151977,142],{"class":141},[52,151979,145],{"class":66},[52,151981,49099],{"class":3251},[52,151983,145],{"class":66},[52,151985,17434],{"class":124},[52,151987,121],{"class":66},[52,151989,8163],{"class":124},[52,151991,6644],{"class":66},[20,151993,173],{},[43,151995,151997],{"className":45,"code":151996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151998,151999,152019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152000,152001,152003,152005,152007,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152002,145],{"class":66},[52,152004,186],{"class":70},[52,152006,75],{"class":74},[52,152008,186],{"class":70},[52,152010,91],{"class":66},[52,152012,195],{"class":70},[52,152014,96],{"class":74},[52,152016,186],{"class":70},[52,152018,151],{"class":66},[52,152020,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152022,5864],{"class":66},[52,152024,186],{"class":70},[52,152026,75],{"class":74},[52,152028,186],{"class":70},[52,152030,91],{"class":66},[52,152032,195],{"class":70},[52,152034,86],{"class":74},[52,152036,186],{"class":70},[52,152038,2110],{"class":66},[52,152040,9588],{"class":66},[52,152042,186],{"class":70},[52,152044,96],{"class":74},[52,152046,186],{"class":70},[52,152048,91],{"class":66},[52,152050,483],{"class":103},[52,152052,2120],{"class":66},[20,152054,18823],{},[234,152056,152057,152062],{},[237,152058,152059,152061],{},[15,152060,151913],{}," for keys",[237,152063,152064,32692],{},[15,152065,152066],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152068,152069,152070,121],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[257,152071,63700],{"href":63699},[38,152073,152075],{"id":152074},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152077,152078,18447],{},[15,152079,38187],{},[234,152081,152082,152085,152088,152091],{},[237,152083,152084],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[237,152086,152087],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[237,152089,152090],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[237,152092,152093],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152095,309],{},[43,152097,152099],{"className":45,"code":152098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152100,152101,152120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152102,152103,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152104,152105],{"class":58},"coordinates ",[52,152107,63],{"class":62},[52,152109,149506],{"class":3251},[52,152111,3336],{"class":66},[52,152113,2855],{"class":103},[52,152115,91],{"class":66},[52,152117,6348],{"class":103},[52,152119,913],{"class":66},[52,152121,152122,152124,152126,152129],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152123,142],{"class":141},[52,152125,145],{"class":66},[52,152127,152128],{"class":124},"coordinates",[52,152130,151],{"class":66},[20,152132,173],{},[43,152134,152136],{"className":45,"code":152135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152137,152138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152139,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152141,145],{"class":66},[52,152143,2855],{"class":103},[52,152145,91],{"class":66},[52,152147,6348],{"class":103},[52,152149,151],{"class":66},[20,152151,152152],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[234,152154,152155,152157,152160,152163],{},[237,152156,152128],{},[237,152158,152159],{},"RGB colors",[237,152161,152162],{},"dates",[237,152164,152165],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[38,152167,152169],{"id":152168},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152171,44573,152172,1070],{},[15,152173,38187],{},[234,152175,152176,152179,152182],{},[237,152177,152178],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[237,152180,152181],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[237,152183,152184],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152186,116631,152187,152189],{},[33,152188,1332],{}," work:",[43,152191,152193],{"className":45,"code":152192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152194,152195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152196,152197,152199,152201,152203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152198,49099],{"class":3251},[52,152200,145],{"class":66},[52,152202,2484],{"class":103},[52,152204,151],{"class":66},[20,152206,152207],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152209,152210],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[38,152212,115469],{"id":115468},[20,152214,152215],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1335,152217,152219],{"id":152218},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152221,3186],{},[43,152223,152224],{"className":45,"code":152192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152225,152226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152227,152228,152230,152232,152234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152229,49099],{"class":3251},[52,152231,145],{"class":66},[52,152233,2484],{"class":103},[52,152235,151],{"class":66},[20,152237,29814],{},[43,152239,152240],{"className":45,"code":63804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152241,152242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152243,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152245,3355],{"class":3251},[52,152247,80],{"class":66},[52,152249,195],{"class":70},[52,152251,2535],{"class":74},[52,152253,186],{"class":70},[52,152255,24748],{"class":3251},[52,152257,900],{"class":62},[52,152259,8453],{"class":62},[52,152261,63827],{"class":58},[20,152263,152264,152265,121],{},"If you see this, read ",[257,152266,62441],{"href":52747},[1335,152268,152270],{"id":152269},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152272,152273],{},"This code:",[43,152275,152277],{"className":45,"code":152276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152278,152279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152280,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152282,49099],{"class":3251},[52,152284,145],{"class":66},[52,152286,71],{"class":70},[52,152288,4201],{"class":74},[52,152290,71],{"class":70},[52,152292,151],{"class":66},[20,152294,152295],{},"returns:",[43,152297,152299],{"className":45,"code":152298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152300,152301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152302,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152304,145],{"class":66},[52,152306,186],{"class":70},[52,152308,60588],{"class":74},[52,152310,186],{"class":70},[52,152312,91],{"class":66},[52,152314,195],{"class":70},[52,152316,60597],{"class":74},[52,152318,186],{"class":70},[52,152320,91],{"class":66},[52,152322,195],{"class":70},[52,152324,60606],{"class":74},[52,152326,186],{"class":70},[52,152328,91],{"class":66},[52,152330,195],{"class":70},[52,152332,60606],{"class":74},[52,152334,186],{"class":70},[52,152336,91],{"class":66},[52,152338,195],{"class":70},[52,152340,60623],{"class":74},[52,152342,186],{"class":70},[52,152344,151],{"class":66},[20,152346,41048,152347,152349],{},[33,152348,1332],{}," return:",[43,152351,152353],{"className":45,"code":152352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('hello',)\n",[15,152354,152355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152356,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152358,145],{"class":66},[52,152360,186],{"class":70},[52,152362,4201],{"class":74},[52,152364,186],{"class":70},[52,152366,149496],{"class":66},[20,152368,152369],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[43,152371,152373],{"className":45,"code":152372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152374,152375,152392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152376,152377,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152378,152379],{"class":58},"single ",[52,152381,63],{"class":62},[52,152383,9588],{"class":66},[52,152385,71],{"class":70},[52,152387,4201],{"class":74},[52,152389,71],{"class":70},[52,152391,149496],{"class":66},[52,152393,152394,152396,152398,152401],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152395,142],{"class":141},[52,152397,145],{"class":66},[52,152399,152400],{"class":124},"single",[52,152402,151],{"class":66},[1335,152404,152406],{"id":152405},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152408,152273],{},[43,152410,152412],{"className":45,"code":152411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152413,152414,152446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152415,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152417,1815],{"class":58},[52,152419,63],{"class":62},[52,152421,67],{"class":66},[52,152423,71],{"class":70},[52,152425,257],{"class":74},[52,152427,71],{"class":70},[52,152429,80],{"class":66},[52,152431,1364],{"class":103},[52,152433,91],{"class":66},[52,152435,83],{"class":70},[52,152437,345],{"class":74},[52,152439,71],{"class":70},[52,152441,80],{"class":66},[52,152443,1378],{"class":103},[52,152445,107],{"class":66},[52,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152449,142],{"class":141},[52,152451,145],{"class":66},[52,152453,49099],{"class":3251},[52,152455,145],{"class":66},[52,152457,1868],{"class":124},[52,152459,2120],{"class":66},[20,152461,152462],{},"returns only the keys:",[43,152464,152466],{"className":45,"code":152465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152467,152468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152469,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152471,145],{"class":66},[52,152473,186],{"class":70},[52,152475,257],{"class":74},[52,152477,186],{"class":70},[52,152479,91],{"class":66},[52,152481,195],{"class":70},[52,152483,345],{"class":74},[52,152485,186],{"class":70},[52,152487,151],{"class":66},[20,152489,152490],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[43,152492,152494],{"className":45,"code":152493,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152495,152496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152497,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152499,142],{"class":141},[52,152501,145],{"class":66},[52,152503,49099],{"class":3251},[52,152505,145],{"class":66},[52,152507,1868],{"class":124},[52,152509,121],{"class":66},[52,152511,8163],{"class":124},[52,152513,6644],{"class":66},[1335,152515,152517],{"id":152516},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152519,152520,152521,152523],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152522,38187],{}," conversion.",[20,152525,5826],{},[43,152527,152529],{"className":45,"code":152528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152530,152531,152551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152532,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152534,2796],{"class":58},[52,152536,63],{"class":62},[52,152538,9588],{"class":66},[52,152540,3339],{"class":103},[52,152542,91],{"class":66},[52,152544,1378],{"class":103},[52,152546,91],{"class":66},[52,152548,2801],{"class":103},[52,152550,151],{"class":66},[52,152552,152553,152555,152557,152559],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152554,142],{"class":141},[52,152556,145],{"class":66},[52,152558,2823],{"class":124},[52,152560,151],{"class":66},[20,152562,152563],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152565,25637,152566,152568],{},[15,152567,38187],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[38,152570,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,152572,152574],{"id":152573},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152576,152577],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1335,152579,152581],{"id":152580},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152583,152584,152585,121],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152586,7719],{},[1335,152588,152590],{"id":152589},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152592,152593],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1335,152595,152597],{"id":152596},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152599,152600],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1335,152602,152604],{"id":152603},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152606,152607,152608,121],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152609,3355],{},[38,152611,2240],{"id":2239},[234,152613,152614,152618,152622,152626,152630,152634],{},[237,152615,152616],{},[257,152617,148140],{"href":148139},[237,152619,152620],{},[257,152621,151067],{"href":149443},[237,152623,152624],{},[257,152625,105204],{"href":60205},[237,152627,152628],{},[257,152629,151796],{"href":151795},[237,152631,152632],{},[257,152633,63700],{"href":63699},[237,152635,152636],{},[257,152637,62441],{"href":52747},[2278,152639,152640],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":152642},[152643,152644,152645,152646,152647,152654,152655,152656,152657,152663,152670],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":151270,"depth":110,"text":151271},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":149816,"depth":110,"text":149817},{"id":151439,"depth":110,"text":151440,"children":152648},[152649,152650,152651,152652,152653],{"id":151443,"depth":131,"text":151444},{"id":151531,"depth":131,"text":151532},{"id":151630,"depth":131,"text":151631},{"id":151710,"depth":131,"text":151711},{"id":151799,"depth":131,"text":151800},{"id":151904,"depth":110,"text":151905},{"id":152074,"depth":110,"text":152075},{"id":152168,"depth":110,"text":152169},{"id":115468,"depth":110,"text":115469,"children":152658},[152659,152660,152661,152662],{"id":152218,"depth":131,"text":152219},{"id":152269,"depth":131,"text":152270},{"id":152405,"depth":131,"text":152406},{"id":152516,"depth":131,"text":152517},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":152664},[152665,152666,152667,152668,152669],{"id":152573,"depth":131,"text":152574},{"id":152580,"depth":131,"text":152581},{"id":152589,"depth":131,"text":152590},{"id":152596,"depth":131,"text":152597},{"id":152603,"depth":131,"text":152604},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151125,"description":152671},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152678,"title":152679,"body":152680,"description":154093,"extension":2310,"meta":154094,"navigation":134,"path":154095,"seo":154096,"stem":154097,"__hash__":154098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152681,"toc":154065},[152682,152687,152692,152695,152697,152776,152782,152787,152791,152806,152808,152855,152857,152865,152873,152879,152881,152886,152906,152909,152936,152938,152962,152964,153106,153108,153112,153120,153123,153125,153202,153204,153212,153216,153220,153230,153240,153242,153247,153249,153308,153313,153315,153415,153417,153431,153436,153442,153449,153452,153454,153564,153568,153585,153587,153650,153652,153660,153672,153676,153681,153709,153712,153794,153796,153807,153809,153813,153840,153842,153844,153924,153932,153934,153989,153991,153996,153999,154003,154007,154009,154013,154017,154025,154032,154035,154037,154062],[10,152683,148024,152685,18],{"id":152684},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152686,59117],{},[20,152688,152689,152691],{},[15,152690,149345],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152693,152694],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[38,152696,41],{"id":40},[43,152698,152700],{"className":45,"code":152699,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152701,152702,152742,152764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152703,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152705,319],{"class":58},[52,152707,63],{"class":62},[52,152709,9588],{"class":66},[52,152711,71],{"class":70},[52,152713,336],{"class":74},[52,152715,71],{"class":70},[52,152717,91],{"class":66},[52,152719,83],{"class":70},[52,152721,354],{"class":74},[52,152723,71],{"class":70},[52,152725,91],{"class":66},[52,152727,83],{"class":70},[52,152729,17583],{"class":74},[52,152731,71],{"class":70},[52,152733,91],{"class":66},[52,152735,83],{"class":70},[52,152737,354],{"class":74},[52,152739,71],{"class":70},[52,152741,151],{"class":66},[52,152743,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152745,65070],{"class":58},[52,152747,63],{"class":62},[52,152749,368],{"class":58},[52,152751,121],{"class":66},[52,152753,35984],{"class":124},[52,152755,145],{"class":66},[52,152757,71],{"class":70},[52,152759,354],{"class":74},[52,152761,71],{"class":70},[52,152763,151],{"class":66},[52,152765,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,152767,142],{"class":141},[52,152769,145],{"class":66},[52,152771,65097],{"class":124},[52,152773,4014],{"class":66},[52,152775,27912],{"class":4017},[20,152777,152778,152781],{},[15,152779,152780],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[38,152783,4031,152785,4034],{"id":152784},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152786,149345],{},[20,152788,2327,152789,11752],{},[15,152790,59117],{},[234,152792,152793,152796,152798,152801],{},[237,152794,152795],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[237,152797,128622],{},[237,152799,152800],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[237,152802,152803,152804],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152805,2467],{},[20,152807,309],{},[43,152809,152811],{"className":45,"code":152810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152812,152813,152837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152814,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152816,3971],{"class":58},[52,152818,63],{"class":62},[52,152820,9588],{"class":66},[52,152822,2679],{"class":103},[52,152824,91],{"class":66},[52,152826,104],{"class":103},[52,152828,91],{"class":66},[52,152830,8148],{"class":103},[52,152832,91],{"class":66},[52,152834,104],{"class":103},[52,152836,151],{"class":66},[52,152838,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,152840,142],{"class":141},[52,152842,145],{"class":66},[52,152844,4001],{"class":124},[52,152846,121],{"class":66},[52,152848,35984],{"class":124},[52,152850,145],{"class":66},[52,152852,15880],{"class":103},[52,152854,2120],{"class":66},[20,152856,173],{},[43,152858,152859],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152860,152861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152862,152863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152864,47062],{"class":103},[20,152866,21107,152867,152869,152870,152872],{},[15,152868,15880],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152871,59117],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152874,151291,152875,121],{},[257,152876,152878],{"href":152877},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[38,152880,269],{"id":268},[20,152882,8116,152883,152885],{},[15,152884,59117],{}," in two ways:",[43,152887,152889],{"className":45,"code":152888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152890,152891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152892,152893,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152894,152895],{"class":58},"tuple_name",[52,152897,121],{"class":66},[52,152899,35984],{"class":124},[52,152901,145],{"class":66},[52,152903,2823],{"class":124},[52,152905,151],{"class":66},[20,152907,152908],{},"or:",[43,152910,152912],{"className":45,"code":152911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152913,152914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152915,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152917,152895],{"class":58},[52,152919,121],{"class":66},[52,152921,35984],{"class":124},[52,152923,145],{"class":66},[52,152925,2823],{"class":124},[52,152927,91],{"class":66},[52,152929,36190],{"class":124},[52,152931,91],{"class":66},[52,152933,65191],{"class":124},[52,152935,151],{"class":66},[1335,152937,17522],{"id":17521},[234,152939,152940,152945,152950,152955],{},[237,152941,152942,152944],{},[15,152943,2823],{}," — the item to search for",[237,152946,152947,152949],{},[15,152948,36211],{}," — optional starting position",[237,152951,152952,152954],{},[15,152953,52808],{}," — optional ending position",[237,152956,152957,1036,152959,152961],{},[15,152958,52808],{},[33,152960,65220],{}," in the search",[20,152963,309],{},[43,152965,152967],{"className":45,"code":152966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152968,152969,153017,153021,153046,153074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152970,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152972,36229],{"class":58},[52,152974,63],{"class":62},[52,152976,9588],{"class":66},[52,152978,71],{"class":70},[52,152980,257],{"class":74},[52,152982,71],{"class":70},[52,152984,91],{"class":66},[52,152986,83],{"class":70},[52,152988,345],{"class":74},[52,152990,71],{"class":70},[52,152992,91],{"class":66},[52,152994,83],{"class":70},[52,152996,10087],{"class":74},[52,152998,71],{"class":70},[52,153000,91],{"class":66},[52,153002,83],{"class":70},[52,153004,345],{"class":74},[52,153006,71],{"class":70},[52,153008,91],{"class":66},[52,153010,83],{"class":70},[52,153012,18896],{"class":74},[52,153014,71],{"class":70},[52,153016,151],{"class":66},[52,153018,153019],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153020,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,153022,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153024,142],{"class":141},[52,153026,145],{"class":66},[52,153028,36282],{"class":124},[52,153030,121],{"class":66},[52,153032,35984],{"class":124},[52,153034,145],{"class":66},[52,153036,71],{"class":70},[52,153038,345],{"class":74},[52,153040,71],{"class":70},[52,153042,5715],{"class":66},[52,153044,153045],{"class":4017},"        # 1\n",[52,153047,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153049,142],{"class":141},[52,153051,145],{"class":66},[52,153053,36282],{"class":124},[52,153055,121],{"class":66},[52,153057,35984],{"class":124},[52,153059,145],{"class":66},[52,153061,71],{"class":70},[52,153063,345],{"class":74},[52,153065,71],{"class":70},[52,153067,91],{"class":66},[52,153069,1378],{"class":103},[52,153071,5715],{"class":66},[52,153073,51065],{"class":4017},[52,153075,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,153077,142],{"class":141},[52,153079,145],{"class":66},[52,153081,36282],{"class":124},[52,153083,121],{"class":66},[52,153085,35984],{"class":124},[52,153087,145],{"class":66},[52,153089,71],{"class":70},[52,153091,345],{"class":74},[52,153093,71],{"class":70},[52,153095,91],{"class":66},[52,153097,1364],{"class":103},[52,153099,91],{"class":66},[52,153101,2801],{"class":103},[52,153103,5715],{"class":66},[52,153105,27912],{"class":4017},[38,153107,103531],{"id":103530},[20,153109,153110,25640],{},[15,153111,149345],{},[234,153113,153114,153117],{},[237,153115,153116],{},"An integer",[237,153118,153119],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153121,153122],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153124,309],{},[43,153126,153128],{"className":45,"code":153127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153129,153130,153170,153192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153131,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153133,108630],{"class":58},[52,153135,63],{"class":62},[52,153137,9588],{"class":66},[52,153139,71],{"class":70},[52,153141,37187],{"class":74},[52,153143,71],{"class":70},[52,153145,91],{"class":66},[52,153147,83],{"class":70},[52,153149,58276],{"class":74},[52,153151,71],{"class":70},[52,153153,91],{"class":66},[52,153155,83],{"class":70},[52,153157,58293],{"class":74},[52,153159,71],{"class":70},[52,153161,91],{"class":66},[52,153163,83],{"class":70},[52,153165,58276],{"class":74},[52,153167,71],{"class":70},[52,153169,151],{"class":66},[52,153171,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153173,2577],{"class":58},[52,153175,63],{"class":62},[52,153177,108673],{"class":58},[52,153179,121],{"class":66},[52,153181,35984],{"class":124},[52,153183,145],{"class":66},[52,153185,71],{"class":70},[52,153187,58276],{"class":74},[52,153189,71],{"class":70},[52,153191,151],{"class":66},[52,153193,153194,153196,153198,153200],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153195,142],{"class":141},[52,153197,145],{"class":66},[52,153199,2612],{"class":124},[52,153201,151],{"class":66},[20,153203,173],{},[43,153205,153206],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,153207,153208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153209,153210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153211,47062],{"class":103},[38,153213,153215],{"id":153214},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153217,222,153218,1070],{},[15,153219,149345],{},[234,153221,153222,153224,153227],{},[237,153223,66249],{},[237,153225,153226],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[237,153228,153229],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153231,153232,153233,153236,153237,121],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153234,153235],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[257,153238,149813],{"href":153239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[38,153241,65781],{"id":65780},[20,153243,153244,153245,121],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153246,40846],{},[20,153248,309],{},[43,153250,153252],{"className":45,"code":153251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153253,153254,153286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153255,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153257,319],{"class":58},[52,153259,63],{"class":62},[52,153261,9588],{"class":66},[52,153263,71],{"class":70},[52,153265,336],{"class":74},[52,153267,71],{"class":70},[52,153269,91],{"class":66},[52,153271,83],{"class":70},[52,153273,354],{"class":74},[52,153275,71],{"class":70},[52,153277,91],{"class":66},[52,153279,83],{"class":70},[52,153281,17583],{"class":74},[52,153283,71],{"class":70},[52,153285,151],{"class":66},[52,153287,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153289,142],{"class":141},[52,153291,145],{"class":66},[52,153293,17630],{"class":124},[52,153295,121],{"class":66},[52,153297,35984],{"class":124},[52,153299,145],{"class":66},[52,153301,71],{"class":70},[52,153303,22654],{"class":74},[52,153305,71],{"class":70},[52,153307,2120],{"class":66},[20,153309,39795,153310,153312],{},[15,153311,109955],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153314,65856],{},[43,153316,153318],{"className":45,"code":153317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153319,153320,153352,153356,153372,153394,153400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153321,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153323,319],{"class":58},[52,153325,63],{"class":62},[52,153327,9588],{"class":66},[52,153329,71],{"class":70},[52,153331,336],{"class":74},[52,153333,71],{"class":70},[52,153335,91],{"class":66},[52,153337,83],{"class":70},[52,153339,354],{"class":74},[52,153341,71],{"class":70},[52,153343,91],{"class":66},[52,153345,83],{"class":70},[52,153347,17583],{"class":74},[52,153349,71],{"class":70},[52,153351,151],{"class":66},[52,153353,153354],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153355,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,153357,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153359,7350],{"class":163},[52,153361,83],{"class":70},[52,153363,22654],{"class":74},[52,153365,71],{"class":70},[52,153367,21303],{"class":62},[52,153369,368],{"class":58},[52,153371,6748],{"class":66},[52,153373,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153375,8423],{"class":141},[52,153377,145],{"class":66},[52,153379,17630],{"class":124},[52,153381,121],{"class":66},[52,153383,35984],{"class":124},[52,153385,145],{"class":66},[52,153387,71],{"class":70},[52,153389,22654],{"class":74},[52,153391,71],{"class":70},[52,153393,2120],{"class":66},[52,153395,153396,153398],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,153397,27566],{"class":163},[52,153399,6748],{"class":66},[52,153401,153402,153404,153406,153408,153411,153413],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,153403,8423],{"class":141},[52,153405,145],{"class":66},[52,153407,71],{"class":70},[52,153409,153410],{"class":74},"Value not found",[52,153412,71],{"class":70},[52,153414,151],{"class":66},[20,153416,173],{},[43,153418,153420],{"className":45,"code":153419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Value not found\n",[15,153421,153422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153423,153424,153427,153429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153425,153426],{"class":58},"Value ",[52,153428,1332],{"class":62},[52,153430,65980],{"class":58},[20,153432,153433,153434,121],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[257,153435,65990],{"href":65989},[38,153437,1326,153438,2218,153440],{"id":65557},[15,153439,36211],{},[15,153441,52808],{},[20,153443,2327,153444,2218,153446,153448],{},[15,153445,36211],{},[15,153447,52808],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153450,153451],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153453,309],{},[43,153455,153457],{"className":45,"code":153456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153458,153459,153487,153491,153512,153536],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153460,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153462,4178],{"class":58},[52,153464,63],{"class":62},[52,153466,9588],{"class":66},[52,153468,2484],{"class":103},[52,153470,91],{"class":66},[52,153472,1972],{"class":103},[52,153474,91],{"class":66},[52,153476,4959],{"class":103},[52,153478,91],{"class":66},[52,153480,104],{"class":103},[52,153482,91],{"class":66},[52,153484,4959],{"class":103},[52,153486,151],{"class":66},[52,153488,153489],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153490,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,153492,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153494,142],{"class":141},[52,153496,145],{"class":66},[52,153498,5712],{"class":124},[52,153500,121],{"class":66},[52,153502,35984],{"class":124},[52,153504,145],{"class":66},[52,153506,2484],{"class":103},[52,153508,5715],{"class":66},[52,153510,153511],{"class":4017},"        # 0\n",[52,153513,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153515,142],{"class":141},[52,153517,145],{"class":66},[52,153519,5712],{"class":124},[52,153521,121],{"class":66},[52,153523,35984],{"class":124},[52,153525,145],{"class":66},[52,153527,2484],{"class":103},[52,153529,91],{"class":66},[52,153531,1364],{"class":103},[52,153533,5715],{"class":66},[52,153535,51099],{"class":4017},[52,153537,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,153539,142],{"class":141},[52,153541,145],{"class":66},[52,153543,5712],{"class":124},[52,153545,121],{"class":66},[52,153547,35984],{"class":124},[52,153549,145],{"class":66},[52,153551,2484],{"class":103},[52,153553,91],{"class":66},[52,153555,2801],{"class":103},[52,153557,91],{"class":66},[52,153559,4959],{"class":103},[52,153561,5715],{"class":66},[52,153563,51082],{"class":4017},[1335,153565,153567],{"id":153566},"how-it-works","How it works",[234,153569,153570,153575,153580],{},[237,153571,153572,153574],{},[15,153573,36211],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[237,153576,153577,153579],{},[15,153578,52808],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[237,153581,2327,153582,153584],{},[15,153583,52808],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153586,309],{},[43,153588,153590],{"className":45,"code":153589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153591,153592,153620,153624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153593,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153595,4178],{"class":58},[52,153597,63],{"class":62},[52,153599,9588],{"class":66},[52,153601,2484],{"class":103},[52,153603,91],{"class":66},[52,153605,1972],{"class":103},[52,153607,91],{"class":66},[52,153609,4959],{"class":103},[52,153611,91],{"class":66},[52,153613,104],{"class":103},[52,153615,91],{"class":66},[52,153617,4959],{"class":103},[52,153619,151],{"class":66},[52,153621,153622],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153623,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,153625,153626,153628,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153627,142],{"class":141},[52,153629,145],{"class":66},[52,153631,5712],{"class":124},[52,153633,121],{"class":66},[52,153635,35984],{"class":124},[52,153637,145],{"class":66},[52,153639,2484],{"class":103},[52,153641,91],{"class":66},[52,153643,1364],{"class":103},[52,153645,91],{"class":66},[52,153647,2807],{"class":103},[52,153649,2120],{"class":66},[20,153651,173],{},[43,153653,153654],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,153655,153656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153657,153658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153659,17183],{"class":103},[20,153661,153662,153663,2536,153665,17199,153667,153669,153670,121],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153664,3339],{},[15,153666,2404],{},[15,153668,2410],{},", but not ",[15,153671,2855],{},[38,153673,153675],{"id":153674},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153677,153678,153679,80],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153680,149345],{},[234,153682,153683,153691,153696,153703],{},[237,153684,153685,153686,153688,153689],{},"Do not confuse the ",[33,153687,2823],{}," with the ",[33,153690,35984],{},[237,153692,153693,153694],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153695,2467],{},[237,153697,222,153698,153702],{},[257,153699,149371,153700,2264],{"href":149423},[15,153701,57439],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[237,153704,153705,153706,153708],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153707,153235],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153710,153711],{},"Example of value vs index:",[43,153713,153715],{"className":45,"code":153714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153716,153717,153749,153753,153777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153718,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153720,36378],{"class":58},[52,153722,63],{"class":62},[52,153724,9588],{"class":66},[52,153726,71],{"class":70},[52,153728,4432],{"class":74},[52,153730,71],{"class":70},[52,153732,91],{"class":66},[52,153734,83],{"class":70},[52,153736,4441],{"class":74},[52,153738,71],{"class":70},[52,153740,91],{"class":66},[52,153742,83],{"class":70},[52,153744,33356],{"class":74},[52,153746,71],{"class":70},[52,153748,151],{"class":66},[52,153750,153751],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153752,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,153754,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153756,142],{"class":141},[52,153758,145],{"class":66},[52,153760,36430],{"class":124},[52,153762,121],{"class":66},[52,153764,35984],{"class":124},[52,153766,145],{"class":66},[52,153768,71],{"class":70},[52,153770,4441],{"class":74},[52,153772,71],{"class":70},[52,153774,5715],{"class":66},[52,153776,27912],{"class":4017},[52,153778,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153780,142],{"class":141},[52,153782,145],{"class":66},[52,153784,36430],{"class":124},[52,153786,513],{"class":66},[52,153788,3339],{"class":103},[52,153790,20575],{"class":66},[52,153792,153793],{"class":4017},"               # banana\n",[20,153795,2525],{},[234,153797,153798,153802],{},[237,153799,153800,15372],{},[15,153801,65425],{},[237,153803,153804,153806],{},[15,153805,3339],{}," is the index",[38,153808,2022],{"id":2021},[20,153810,106269,153811,80],{},[15,153812,149345],{},[234,153814,153815,153818,153823,153828,153835],{},[237,153816,153817],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[237,153819,8807,153820,153822],{},[15,153821,59117],{}," to return all matching positions",[237,153824,153825,153826],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153827,2467],{},[237,153829,153830,153831,2218,153833],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153832,36211],{},[15,153834,52808],{},[237,153836,37344,153837,153839],{},[15,153838,149345],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1335,153841,60860],{"id":60859},[20,153843,94531],{},[43,153845,153847],{"className":45,"code":153846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153848,153849,153859,153873,153888,153906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153850,153851,153853,153855,153857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153852,142],{"class":141},[52,153854,145],{"class":66},[52,153856,148158],{"class":124},[52,153858,151],{"class":66},[52,153860,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153862,142],{"class":141},[52,153864,145],{"class":66},[52,153866,11505],{"class":141},[52,153868,145],{"class":66},[52,153870,148158],{"class":124},[52,153872,2120],{"class":66},[52,153874,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153886],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153876,142],{"class":141},[52,153878,145],{"class":66},[52,153880,2796],{"class":124},[52,153882,4238],{"class":163},[52,153884,153885],{"class":124}," my_tuple",[52,153887,151],{"class":66},[52,153889,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153891,142],{"class":141},[52,153893,145],{"class":66},[52,153895,148158],{"class":124},[52,153897,121],{"class":66},[52,153899,41402],{"class":124},[52,153901,145],{"class":66},[52,153903,2823],{"class":124},[52,153905,2120],{"class":66},[52,153907,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,153909,142],{"class":141},[52,153911,145],{"class":66},[52,153913,148158],{"class":124},[52,153915,121],{"class":66},[52,153917,35984],{"class":124},[52,153919,145],{"class":66},[52,153921,2823],{"class":124},[52,153923,2120],{"class":66},[20,153925,153926,153927,84548,153929,153931],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153928,40846],{},[15,153930,2823],{}," is missing.",[20,153933,129775],{},[43,153935,153937],{"className":45,"code":153936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153938,153939,153951,153969,153975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153940,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153942,7350],{"class":163},[52,153944,21714],{"class":58},[52,153946,4238],{"class":62},[52,153948,153885],{"class":58},[52,153950,6748],{"class":66},[52,153952,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,153954,8423],{"class":141},[52,153956,145],{"class":66},[52,153958,148158],{"class":124},[52,153960,121],{"class":66},[52,153962,35984],{"class":124},[52,153964,145],{"class":66},[52,153966,2823],{"class":124},[52,153968,2120],{"class":66},[52,153970,153971,153973],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153972,27566],{"class":163},[52,153974,6748],{"class":66},[52,153976,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153978,8423],{"class":141},[52,153980,145],{"class":66},[52,153982,71],{"class":70},[52,153984,153410],{"class":74},[52,153986,71],{"class":70},[52,153988,151],{"class":66},[38,153990,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,153992,5495,153994,13040],{"id":153993},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153995,149345],{},[20,153997,153998],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1335,154000,154002],{"id":154001},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154004,154005,152872],{},[15,154006,149345],{},[1335,154008,149324],{"id":149323},[20,154010,77009,154011,121],{},[15,154012,40846],{},[1335,154014,154016],{"id":154015},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154018,154019,154020,2218,154022,154024],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154021,36211],{},[15,154023,52808],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1335,154026,2205,154028,57354,154030,2221],{"id":154027},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154029,149345],{},[15,154031,65016],{},[20,154033,154034],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[38,154036,2240],{"id":2239},[234,154038,154039,154045,154049,154054,154058],{},[237,154040,154041],{},[257,154042,149371,154043,2264],{"href":149423},[15,154044,57439],{},[237,154046,154047],{},[257,154048,149813],{"href":153239},[237,154050,154051],{},[257,154052,154053],{"href":151119},"Creating a tuple in Python",[237,154055,154056],{},[257,154057,65990],{"href":65989},[237,154059,154060],{},[257,154061,151067],{"href":152877},[2278,154063,154064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":154066},[154067,154068,154070,154073,154074,154075,154076,154079,154080,154083,154092],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":152784,"depth":110,"text":154069},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269,"children":154071},[154072],{"id":17521,"depth":131,"text":17522},{"id":103530,"depth":110,"text":103531},{"id":153214,"depth":110,"text":153215},{"id":65780,"depth":110,"text":65781},{"id":65557,"depth":110,"text":66340,"children":154077},[154078],{"id":153566,"depth":131,"text":153567},{"id":153674,"depth":110,"text":153675},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022,"children":154081},[154082],{"id":60859,"depth":131,"text":60860},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":154084},[154085,154087,154088,154089,154090],{"id":153993,"depth":131,"text":154086},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154001,"depth":131,"text":154002},{"id":149323,"depth":131,"text":149324},{"id":154015,"depth":131,"text":154016},{"id":154027,"depth":131,"text":154091},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152679,"description":154093},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154100,"title":154101,"body":154102,"description":155497,"extension":2310,"meta":155498,"navigation":134,"path":153239,"seo":155499,"stem":155500,"__hash__":155501},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154103,"toc":155479},[154104,154107,154110,154113,154127,154129,154132,154226,154236,154242,154246,154249,154252,154254,154272,154274,154345,154347,154364,154368,154372,154375,154392,154395,154410,154412,154503,154506,154510,154513,154530,154532,154627,154630,154633,154637,154640,154734,154736,154755,154758,154762,154765,154767,154822,154824,154859,154862,154876,154884,154977,154986,154990,154993,155000,155003,155050,155052,155060,155063,155114,155116,155133,155138,155142,155145,155148,155150,155201,155204,155259,155262,155265,155267,155270,155290,155292,155365,155368,155381,155383,155387,155392,155396,155401,155418,155422,155425,155442,155446,155449,155451,155476],[10,154105,154101],{"id":154106},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154108,154109],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154111,154112],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[234,154114,154115,154118,154121,154124],{},[237,154116,154117],{},"positive indexes",[237,154119,154120],{},"negative indexes",[237,154122,154123],{},"common indexing mistakes",[237,154125,154126],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[38,154128,3961],{"id":3960},[20,154130,154131],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[43,154133,154135],{"className":45,"code":154134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154136,154137,154169,154173,154190,154207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154138,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154140,319],{"class":58},[52,154142,63],{"class":62},[52,154144,9588],{"class":66},[52,154146,71],{"class":70},[52,154148,336],{"class":74},[52,154150,71],{"class":70},[52,154152,91],{"class":66},[52,154154,83],{"class":70},[52,154156,17583],{"class":74},[52,154158,71],{"class":70},[52,154160,91],{"class":66},[52,154162,83],{"class":70},[52,154164,354],{"class":74},[52,154166,71],{"class":70},[52,154168,151],{"class":66},[52,154170,154171],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154172,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154174,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154176,142],{"class":141},[52,154178,145],{"class":66},[52,154180,17630],{"class":124},[52,154182,513],{"class":66},[52,154184,2467],{"class":103},[52,154186,20575],{"class":66},[52,154188,154189],{"class":4017},"   # red\n",[52,154191,154192,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154193,142],{"class":141},[52,154195,145],{"class":66},[52,154197,17630],{"class":124},[52,154199,513],{"class":66},[52,154201,3339],{"class":103},[52,154203,20575],{"class":66},[52,154205,154206],{"class":4017},"   # green\n",[52,154208,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,154210,142],{"class":141},[52,154212,145],{"class":66},[52,154214,17630],{"class":124},[52,154216,513],{"class":66},[52,154218,2369],{"class":62},[52,154220,3339],{"class":103},[52,154222,20575],{"class":66},[52,154224,154225],{"class":4017},"  # blue\n",[234,154227,154228,154233],{},[237,154229,132564,154230,154232],{},[15,154231,2467],{}," is the first item.",[237,154234,154235],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154237,154238,154239,121],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[257,154240,154241],{"href":148143},"how to create a tuple in Python",[38,154243,154245],{"id":154244},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154247,154248],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154250,154251],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154253,11798],{},[234,154255,154256,154259,154266,154269],{},[237,154257,154258],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[237,154260,154261,154262,19092,154264],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154263,2467],{},[15,154265,3339],{},[237,154267,154268],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[237,154270,154271],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154273,309],{},[43,154275,154277],{"className":45,"code":154276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154278,154279,154299,154303,154317,154331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154280,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154282,3971],{"class":58},[52,154284,63],{"class":62},[52,154286,9588],{"class":66},[52,154288,2679],{"class":103},[52,154290,91],{"class":66},[52,154292,104],{"class":103},[52,154294,91],{"class":66},[52,154296,8148],{"class":103},[52,154298,151],{"class":66},[52,154300,154301],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154302,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154304,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154306,142],{"class":141},[52,154308,145],{"class":66},[52,154310,4001],{"class":124},[52,154312,513],{"class":66},[52,154314,2467],{"class":103},[52,154316,913],{"class":66},[52,154318,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154320,142],{"class":141},[52,154322,145],{"class":66},[52,154324,4001],{"class":124},[52,154326,513],{"class":66},[52,154328,3339],{"class":103},[52,154330,913],{"class":66},[52,154332,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,154334,142],{"class":141},[52,154336,145],{"class":66},[52,154338,4001],{"class":124},[52,154340,513],{"class":66},[52,154342,2404],{"class":103},[52,154344,913],{"class":66},[20,154346,173],{},[43,154348,154350],{"className":45,"code":154349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154351,154352,154356,154360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154353,154354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154355,2725],{"class":103},[52,154357,154358],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154359,71375],{"class":103},[52,154361,154362],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154363,69991],{"class":103},[20,154365,59542,154366,121],{},[257,154367,148140],{"href":148139},[38,154369,154371],{"id":154370},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154373,154374],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[234,154376,154377,154382,154387],{},[237,154378,154379,154381],{},[15,154380,2467],{}," = first item",[237,154383,154384,154386],{},[15,154385,3339],{}," = second item",[237,154388,154389,154391],{},[15,154390,2404],{}," = third item",[20,154393,154394],{},"Pattern:",[43,154396,154398],{"className":45,"code":154397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154399,154400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154401,154402,154404,154406,154408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154403,152895],{"class":58},[52,154405,513],{"class":66},[52,154407,35984],{"class":58},[52,154409,766],{"class":66},[20,154411,309],{},[43,154413,154415],{"className":45,"code":154414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154416,154417,154449,154453,154470,154486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154418,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154420,36378],{"class":58},[52,154422,63],{"class":62},[52,154424,9588],{"class":66},[52,154426,71],{"class":70},[52,154428,4432],{"class":74},[52,154430,71],{"class":70},[52,154432,91],{"class":66},[52,154434,83],{"class":70},[52,154436,4441],{"class":74},[52,154438,71],{"class":70},[52,154440,91],{"class":66},[52,154442,83],{"class":70},[52,154444,4450],{"class":74},[52,154446,71],{"class":70},[52,154448,151],{"class":66},[52,154450,154451],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154452,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154454,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154456,142],{"class":141},[52,154458,145],{"class":66},[52,154460,36430],{"class":124},[52,154462,513],{"class":66},[52,154464,2467],{"class":103},[52,154466,20575],{"class":66},[52,154468,154469],{"class":4017},"  # apple\n",[52,154471,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154473,142],{"class":141},[52,154475,145],{"class":66},[52,154477,36430],{"class":124},[52,154479,513],{"class":66},[52,154481,3339],{"class":103},[52,154483,20575],{"class":66},[52,154485,51633],{"class":4017},[52,154487,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,154489,142],{"class":141},[52,154491,145],{"class":66},[52,154493,36430],{"class":124},[52,154495,513],{"class":66},[52,154497,2404],{"class":103},[52,154499,20575],{"class":66},[52,154501,154502],{"class":4017},"  # cherry\n",[20,154504,154505],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[38,154507,154509],{"id":154508},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154511,154512],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[234,154514,154515,154520,154525],{},[237,154516,154517,154519],{},[15,154518,66005],{}," = last item",[237,154521,154522,154524],{},[15,154523,95561],{}," = second-to-last item",[237,154526,154527,154529],{},[15,154528,47816],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154531,309],{},[43,154533,154535],{"className":45,"code":154534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154536,154537,154569,154573,154591,154609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154538,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154540,36378],{"class":58},[52,154542,63],{"class":62},[52,154544,9588],{"class":66},[52,154546,71],{"class":70},[52,154548,4432],{"class":74},[52,154550,71],{"class":70},[52,154552,91],{"class":66},[52,154554,83],{"class":70},[52,154556,4441],{"class":74},[52,154558,71],{"class":70},[52,154560,91],{"class":66},[52,154562,83],{"class":70},[52,154564,4450],{"class":74},[52,154566,71],{"class":70},[52,154568,151],{"class":66},[52,154570,154571],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154572,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154574,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154576,142],{"class":141},[52,154578,145],{"class":66},[52,154580,36430],{"class":124},[52,154582,513],{"class":66},[52,154584,2369],{"class":62},[52,154586,3339],{"class":103},[52,154588,20575],{"class":66},[52,154590,154502],{"class":4017},[52,154592,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154594,142],{"class":141},[52,154596,145],{"class":66},[52,154598,36430],{"class":124},[52,154600,513],{"class":66},[52,154602,2369],{"class":62},[52,154604,2404],{"class":103},[52,154606,20575],{"class":66},[52,154608,51633],{"class":4017},[52,154610,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,154612,142],{"class":141},[52,154614,145],{"class":66},[52,154616,36430],{"class":124},[52,154618,513],{"class":66},[52,154620,2369],{"class":62},[52,154622,2410],{"class":103},[52,154624,20575],{"class":66},[52,154626,154469],{"class":4017},[20,154628,154629],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154631,154632],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[38,154634,154636],{"id":154635},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154638,154639],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[43,154641,154643],{"className":45,"code":154642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154644,154645,154677,154681,154698,154715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154646,154647,154649,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154648,5347],{"class":58},[52,154650,63],{"class":62},[52,154652,9588],{"class":66},[52,154654,71],{"class":70},[52,154656,86],{"class":74},[52,154658,71],{"class":70},[52,154660,91],{"class":66},[52,154662,83],{"class":70},[52,154664,36079],{"class":74},[52,154666,71],{"class":70},[52,154668,91],{"class":66},[52,154670,83],{"class":70},[52,154672,36088],{"class":74},[52,154674,71],{"class":70},[52,154676,151],{"class":66},[52,154678,154679],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154680,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154682,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154684,142],{"class":141},[52,154686,145],{"class":66},[52,154688,5391],{"class":124},[52,154690,513],{"class":66},[52,154692,2467],{"class":103},[52,154694,20575],{"class":66},[52,154696,154697],{"class":4017},"   # first item\n",[52,154699,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154701,142],{"class":141},[52,154703,145],{"class":66},[52,154705,5391],{"class":124},[52,154707,513],{"class":66},[52,154709,3339],{"class":103},[52,154711,20575],{"class":66},[52,154713,154714],{"class":4017},"   # middle item\n",[52,154716,154717,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,154718,142],{"class":141},[52,154720,145],{"class":66},[52,154722,5391],{"class":124},[52,154724,513],{"class":66},[52,154726,2369],{"class":62},[52,154728,3339],{"class":103},[52,154730,20575],{"class":66},[52,154732,154733],{"class":4017},"  # last item\n",[20,154735,173],{},[43,154737,154739],{"className":45,"code":154738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154740,154741,154745,154750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154742,154743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154744,50186],{"class":58},[52,154746,154747],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154748,154749],{"class":58},"Ben\n",[52,154751,154752],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154753,154754],{"class":58},"Cara\n",[20,154756,154757],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[38,154759,154761],{"id":154760},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154763,154764],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154766,309],{},[43,154768,154770],{"className":45,"code":154769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154771,154772,154804,154808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154773,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154775,36229],{"class":58},[52,154777,63],{"class":62},[52,154779,9588],{"class":66},[52,154781,71],{"class":70},[52,154783,257],{"class":74},[52,154785,71],{"class":70},[52,154787,91],{"class":66},[52,154789,83],{"class":70},[52,154791,345],{"class":74},[52,154793,71],{"class":70},[52,154795,91],{"class":66},[52,154797,83],{"class":70},[52,154799,10087],{"class":74},[52,154801,71],{"class":70},[52,154803,151],{"class":66},[52,154805,154806],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154807,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154809,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154811,142],{"class":141},[52,154813,145],{"class":66},[52,154815,36282],{"class":124},[52,154817,513],{"class":66},[52,154819,2484],{"class":103},[52,154821,913],{"class":66},[20,154823,173],{},[43,154825,154827],{"className":45,"code":154826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154828,154829,154841,154846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154830,154831,154834,154836,154839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154832,154833],{"class":124},"Traceback ",[52,154835,145],{"class":66},[52,154837,154838],{"class":124},"most recent call last",[52,154840,8696],{"class":66},[52,154842,154843],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154844,154845],{"class":34589},"  ...\n",[52,154847,154848,154850,154852,154854,154857],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154849,70882],{"class":3251},[52,154851,80],{"class":66},[52,154853,149506],{"class":3251},[52,154855,154856],{"class":58}," index out of ",[52,154858,71074],{"class":141},[20,154860,154861],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[234,154863,154864,154868,154872],{},[237,154865,154866],{},[15,154867,2467],{},[237,154869,154870],{},[15,154871,3339],{},[237,154873,154874],{},[15,154875,2404],{},[20,154877,154878,154879,121],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[257,154880,154881,154883],{"href":149378},[15,154882,42504],{}," on a tuple",[43,154885,154887],{"className":45,"code":154886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154888,154889,154921,154925,154941,154945,154963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154890,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154892,36229],{"class":58},[52,154894,63],{"class":62},[52,154896,9588],{"class":66},[52,154898,71],{"class":70},[52,154900,257],{"class":74},[52,154902,71],{"class":70},[52,154904,91],{"class":66},[52,154906,83],{"class":70},[52,154908,345],{"class":74},[52,154910,71],{"class":70},[52,154912,91],{"class":66},[52,154914,83],{"class":70},[52,154916,10087],{"class":74},[52,154918,71],{"class":70},[52,154920,151],{"class":66},[52,154922,154923],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,154924,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154926,154927,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154928,142],{"class":141},[52,154930,145],{"class":66},[52,154932,11505],{"class":141},[52,154934,145],{"class":66},[52,154936,36282],{"class":124},[52,154938,5715],{"class":66},[52,154940,50917],{"class":4017},[52,154942,154943],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154944,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,154946,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,154948,7350],{"class":163},[52,154950,38527],{"class":141},[52,154952,145],{"class":66},[52,154954,36282],{"class":124},[52,154956,4014],{"class":66},[52,154958,38537],{"class":62},[52,154960,1378],{"class":103},[52,154962,6748],{"class":66},[52,154964,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,154966,8423],{"class":141},[52,154968,145],{"class":66},[52,154970,36282],{"class":124},[52,154972,513],{"class":66},[52,154974,2404],{"class":103},[52,154976,913],{"class":66},[20,154978,154979,154980,121],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[257,154981,25811,154983],{"href":154982},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154984,154985],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[38,154987,154989],{"id":154988},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154991,154992],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[234,154994,154995,154997],{},[237,154996,77026],{},[237,154998,154999],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155001,155002],{},"Indexing example:",[43,155004,155006],{"className":45,"code":155005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155007,155008,155032,155036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155009,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155011,3971],{"class":58},[52,155013,63],{"class":62},[52,155015,9588],{"class":66},[52,155017,2679],{"class":103},[52,155019,91],{"class":66},[52,155021,104],{"class":103},[52,155023,91],{"class":66},[52,155025,8148],{"class":103},[52,155027,91],{"class":66},[52,155029,50990],{"class":103},[52,155031,151],{"class":66},[52,155033,155034],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155035,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,155037,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,155039,142],{"class":141},[52,155041,145],{"class":66},[52,155043,4001],{"class":124},[52,155045,513],{"class":66},[52,155047,3339],{"class":103},[52,155049,913],{"class":66},[20,155051,173],{},[43,155053,155054],{"className":45,"code":71375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155055,155056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155057,155058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155059,71375],{"class":103},[20,155061,155062],{},"Slicing example:",[43,155064,155066],{"className":45,"code":155065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155067,155068,155092,155096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155069,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155071,3971],{"class":58},[52,155073,63],{"class":62},[52,155075,9588],{"class":66},[52,155077,2679],{"class":103},[52,155079,91],{"class":66},[52,155081,104],{"class":103},[52,155083,91],{"class":66},[52,155085,8148],{"class":103},[52,155087,91],{"class":66},[52,155089,50990],{"class":103},[52,155091,151],{"class":66},[52,155093,155094],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155095,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,155097,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,155099,142],{"class":141},[52,155101,145],{"class":66},[52,155103,4001],{"class":124},[52,155105,513],{"class":66},[52,155107,3339],{"class":103},[52,155109,80],{"class":66},[52,155111,2410],{"class":103},[52,155113,913],{"class":66},[20,155115,173],{},[43,155117,155119],{"className":45,"code":155118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155120,155121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155122,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155124,145],{"class":66},[52,155126,15880],{"class":103},[52,155128,91],{"class":66},[52,155130,8148],{"class":103},[52,155132,151],{"class":66},[20,155134,155135,155136,121],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[257,155137,151057],{"href":151056},[38,155139,155141],{"id":155140},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155143,155144],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155146,155147],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155149,7040],{},[43,155151,155153],{"className":45,"code":155152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155154,155155,155187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155156,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155158,319],{"class":58},[52,155160,63],{"class":62},[52,155162,9588],{"class":66},[52,155164,71],{"class":70},[52,155166,336],{"class":74},[52,155168,71],{"class":70},[52,155170,91],{"class":66},[52,155172,83],{"class":70},[52,155174,17583],{"class":74},[52,155176,71],{"class":70},[52,155178,91],{"class":66},[52,155180,83],{"class":70},[52,155182,354],{"class":74},[52,155184,71],{"class":70},[52,155186,151],{"class":66},[52,155188,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155190,142],{"class":141},[52,155192,145],{"class":66},[52,155194,17630],{"class":124},[52,155196,513],{"class":66},[52,155198,3339],{"class":103},[52,155200,913],{"class":66},[20,155202,155203],{},"But this does not work:",[43,155205,155207],{"className":45,"code":155206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155208,155209,155241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155210,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155212,319],{"class":58},[52,155214,63],{"class":62},[52,155216,9588],{"class":66},[52,155218,71],{"class":70},[52,155220,336],{"class":74},[52,155222,71],{"class":70},[52,155224,91],{"class":66},[52,155226,83],{"class":70},[52,155228,17583],{"class":74},[52,155230,71],{"class":70},[52,155232,91],{"class":66},[52,155234,83],{"class":70},[52,155236,354],{"class":74},[52,155238,71],{"class":70},[52,155240,151],{"class":66},[52,155242,155243,155245,155247,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155244,17630],{"class":58},[52,155246,513],{"class":66},[52,155248,3339],{"class":103},[52,155250,522],{"class":66},[52,155252,525],{"class":62},[52,155254,83],{"class":70},[52,155256,22654],{"class":74},[52,155258,3710],{"class":70},[20,155260,155261],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155263,155264],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[38,155266,2022],{"id":2021},[20,155268,155269],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[234,155271,155272,155278,155281,155284],{},[237,155273,132868,155274,2034,155276],{},[15,155275,3339],{},[15,155277,2467],{},[237,155279,155280],{},"Using an index that is too large",[237,155282,155283],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[237,155285,155286,155287],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155288,155289],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155291,62445],{},[43,155293,155295],{"className":45,"code":155294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155296,155297,155307,155321,155335,155351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155298,155299,155301,155303,155305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155300,142],{"class":141},[52,155302,145],{"class":66},[52,155304,148158],{"class":124},[52,155306,151],{"class":66},[52,155308,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155310,142],{"class":141},[52,155312,145],{"class":66},[52,155314,11505],{"class":141},[52,155316,145],{"class":66},[52,155318,148158],{"class":124},[52,155320,2120],{"class":66},[52,155322,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,155324,142],{"class":141},[52,155326,145],{"class":66},[52,155328,148158],{"class":124},[52,155330,513],{"class":66},[52,155332,2467],{"class":103},[52,155334,913],{"class":66},[52,155336,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,155338,142],{"class":141},[52,155340,145],{"class":66},[52,155342,148158],{"class":124},[52,155344,513],{"class":66},[52,155346,2369],{"class":62},[52,155348,3339],{"class":103},[52,155350,913],{"class":66},[52,155352,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,155354,142],{"class":141},[52,155356,145],{"class":66},[52,155358,3573],{"class":3251},[52,155360,145],{"class":66},[52,155362,148158],{"class":124},[52,155364,2120],{"class":66},[20,155366,155367],{},"These can help you confirm:",[234,155369,155370,155373,155375,155378],{},[237,155371,155372],{},"what the tuple contains",[237,155374,60934],{},[237,155376,155377],{},"what the first and last items are",[237,155379,155380],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[38,155382,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,155384,155386],{"id":155385},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155388,155389,155390,121],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155391,2467],{},[1335,155393,155395],{"id":155394},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155397,222,155398,155400],{},[15,155399,66005],{}," as the index:",[43,155402,155404],{"className":45,"code":155403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155405,155406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155407,155408,155410,155412,155414,155416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155409,148158],{"class":58},[52,155411,513],{"class":66},[52,155413,2369],{"class":62},[52,155415,3339],{"class":103},[52,155417,766],{"class":66},[1335,155419,155421],{"id":155420},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155423,155424],{},"Python raises:",[43,155426,155428],{"className":45,"code":155427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155429,155430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155431,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155433,70882],{"class":3251},[52,155435,80],{"class":66},[52,155437,149506],{"class":3251},[52,155439,154856],{"class":58},[52,155441,71074],{"class":141},[1335,155443,155445],{"id":155444},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155447,155448],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[38,155450,2240],{"id":2239},[234,155452,155453,155458,155462,155466,155472],{},[237,155454,155455],{},[257,155456,155457],{"href":148143},"How to create a tuple in Python",[237,155459,155460],{},[257,155461,151057],{"href":151056},[237,155463,155464],{},[257,155465,151062],{"href":149378},[237,155467,155468],{},[257,155469,26254,155470],{"href":154982},[15,155471,154985],{},[237,155473,155474],{},[257,155475,148140],{"href":148139},[2278,155477,155478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":155480},[155481,155482,155483,155484,155485,155486,155487,155488,155489,155490,155496],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":154244,"depth":110,"text":154245},{"id":154370,"depth":110,"text":154371},{"id":154508,"depth":110,"text":154509},{"id":154635,"depth":110,"text":154636},{"id":154760,"depth":110,"text":154761},{"id":154988,"depth":110,"text":154989},{"id":155140,"depth":110,"text":155141},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":155491},[155492,155493,155494,155495],{"id":155385,"depth":131,"text":155386},{"id":155394,"depth":131,"text":155395},{"id":155420,"depth":131,"text":155421},{"id":155444,"depth":131,"text":155445},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154101,"description":155497},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155503,"title":155504,"body":155505,"description":157394,"extension":2310,"meta":157395,"navigation":134,"path":157396,"seo":157397,"stem":157398,"__hash__":157399},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155506,"toc":157351},[155507,155513,155518,155569,155573,155581,155587,155589,155605,155607,155610,155625,155627,155640,155642,155699,155703,155711,155718,155724,155730,155734,155785,155789,155797,155801,155830,155834,155842,155846,155879,155883,155891,155895,155898,155949,155953,155961,155963,155980,155984,155988,156047,156051,156059,156062,156089,156093,156101,156105,156111,156186,156190,156227,156235,156239,156302,156306,156314,156319,156323,156329,156372,156376,156384,156390,156393,156440,156444,156452,156461,156467,156522,156526,156534,156537,156541,156543,156574,156578,156597,156600,156645,156649,156672,156678,156683,156685,156732,156737,156740,156788,156792,156800,156804,156809,156813,156863,156867,156882,156886,156944,156948,156963,156967,157038,157042,157051,157055,157134,157138,157160,157168,157170,157173,157198,157200,157253,157255,157272,157274,157278,157284,157289,157294,157298,157303,157307,157312,157318,157321,157323,157348],[10,155508,155510,155511,4014],{"id":155509},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155512,11505],{},[20,155514,222,155515,155517],{},[15,155516,42504],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[43,155519,155521],{"className":45,"code":155520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155522,155523,155555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155524,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155526,319],{"class":58},[52,155528,63],{"class":62},[52,155530,9588],{"class":66},[52,155532,71],{"class":70},[52,155534,336],{"class":74},[52,155536,71],{"class":70},[52,155538,91],{"class":66},[52,155540,83],{"class":70},[52,155542,17583],{"class":74},[52,155544,71],{"class":70},[52,155546,91],{"class":66},[52,155548,83],{"class":70},[52,155550,354],{"class":74},[52,155552,71],{"class":70},[52,155554,151],{"class":66},[52,155556,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155558,142],{"class":141},[52,155560,145],{"class":66},[52,155562,11505],{"class":141},[52,155564,145],{"class":66},[52,155566,17630],{"class":124},[52,155568,2120],{"class":66},[20,155570,155571],{},[33,155572,173],{},[43,155574,155575],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155576,155577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155578,155579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155580,46762],{"class":103},[20,155582,222,155583,155586],{},[15,155584,155585],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[38,155588,15288],{"id":15287},[234,155590,155591,155596,155600,155603],{},[237,155592,4552,155593,155595],{},[15,155594,42504],{}," works with tuples",[237,155597,68409,155598,12039],{},[15,155599,42504],{},[237,155601,155602],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[237,155604,4873],{},[38,155606,269],{"id":268},[20,155608,155609],{},"Use this pattern:",[43,155611,155613],{"className":45,"code":155612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155614,155615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155616,155617,155619,155621,155623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155618,11505],{"class":141},[52,155620,145],{"class":66},[52,155622,148158],{"class":124},[52,155624,151],{"class":66},[20,155626,11798],{},[234,155628,155629,155632,155635],{},[237,155630,155631],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[237,155633,155634],{},"The result is an integer",[237,155636,155637,155639],{},[15,155638,42504],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155641,309],{},[43,155643,155645],{"className":45,"code":155644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155646,155647,155671,155685,155689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155648,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155650,3971],{"class":58},[52,155652,63],{"class":62},[52,155654,9588],{"class":66},[52,155656,2679],{"class":103},[52,155658,91],{"class":66},[52,155660,104],{"class":103},[52,155662,91],{"class":66},[52,155664,8148],{"class":103},[52,155666,91],{"class":66},[52,155668,50990],{"class":103},[52,155670,151],{"class":66},[52,155672,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155674,41384],{"class":58},[52,155676,63],{"class":62},[52,155678,38527],{"class":141},[52,155680,145],{"class":66},[52,155682,4001],{"class":124},[52,155684,151],{"class":66},[52,155686,155687],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,155688,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,155690,155691,155693,155695,155697],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,155692,142],{"class":141},[52,155694,145],{"class":66},[52,155696,41402],{"class":124},[52,155698,151],{"class":66},[20,155700,155701],{},[33,155702,173],{},[43,155704,155705],{"className":45,"code":48796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155706,155707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155708,155709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155710,48796],{"class":103},[20,155712,155713,155714,121],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[257,155715,3928,155716,3861],{"href":42501},[15,155717,42504],{},[38,155719,4031,155721,155723],{"id":155720},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155722,42504],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155725,155726,155727,155729],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155728,42504],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1335,155731,155733],{"id":155732},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[43,155735,155737],{"className":45,"code":155736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155738,155739,155771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155740,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155742,36378],{"class":58},[52,155744,63],{"class":62},[52,155746,9588],{"class":66},[52,155748,71],{"class":70},[52,155750,4432],{"class":74},[52,155752,71],{"class":70},[52,155754,91],{"class":66},[52,155756,83],{"class":70},[52,155758,4441],{"class":74},[52,155760,71],{"class":70},[52,155762,91],{"class":66},[52,155764,83],{"class":70},[52,155766,33356],{"class":74},[52,155768,71],{"class":70},[52,155770,151],{"class":66},[52,155772,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155774,142],{"class":141},[52,155776,145],{"class":66},[52,155778,11505],{"class":141},[52,155780,145],{"class":66},[52,155782,36430],{"class":124},[52,155784,2120],{"class":66},[20,155786,155787],{},[33,155788,173],{},[43,155790,155791],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155792,155793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155794,155795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155796,46762],{"class":103},[1335,155798,155800],{"id":155799},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[43,155802,155804],{"className":45,"code":155803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155805,155806,155815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155807,155808,155811,155813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155809,155810],{"class":58},"empty_tuple ",[52,155812,63],{"class":62},[52,155814,149482],{"class":66},[52,155816,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155828],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155818,142],{"class":141},[52,155820,145],{"class":66},[52,155822,11505],{"class":141},[52,155824,145],{"class":66},[52,155826,155827],{"class":124},"empty_tuple",[52,155829,2120],{"class":66},[20,155831,155832],{},[33,155833,173],{},[43,155835,155836],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155837,155838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155839,155840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155841,47397],{"class":103},[1335,155843,155845],{"id":155844},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[43,155847,155849],{"className":45,"code":155848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155850,155851,155864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155852,155853,155856,155858,155860,155862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155854,155855],{"class":58},"single_value ",[52,155857,63],{"class":62},[52,155859,9588],{"class":66},[52,155861,2484],{"class":103},[52,155863,149496],{"class":66},[52,155865,155866,155868,155870,155872,155874,155877],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155867,142],{"class":141},[52,155869,145],{"class":66},[52,155871,11505],{"class":141},[52,155873,145],{"class":66},[52,155875,155876],{"class":124},"single_value",[52,155878,2120],{"class":66},[20,155880,155881],{},[33,155882,173],{},[43,155884,155885],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155886,155887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155888,155889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155890,47062],{"class":103},[1335,155892,155894],{"id":155893},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155896,155897],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[43,155899,155901],{"className":45,"code":155900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155902,155903,155935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155904,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155906,1815],{"class":58},[52,155908,63],{"class":62},[52,155910,9588],{"class":66},[52,155912,3339],{"class":103},[52,155914,91],{"class":66},[52,155916,9588],{"class":66},[52,155918,2404],{"class":103},[52,155920,91],{"class":66},[52,155922,2801],{"class":103},[52,155924,2110],{"class":66},[52,155926,755],{"class":66},[52,155928,2855],{"class":103},[52,155930,91],{"class":66},[52,155932,4959],{"class":103},[52,155934,913],{"class":66},[52,155936,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,155938,142],{"class":141},[52,155940,145],{"class":66},[52,155942,11505],{"class":141},[52,155944,145],{"class":66},[52,155946,1868],{"class":124},[52,155948,2120],{"class":66},[20,155950,155951],{},[33,155952,173],{},[43,155954,155955],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155956,155957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155958,155959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155960,46762],{"class":103},[20,155962,20086],{},[234,155964,155965,155970,155975],{},[237,155966,155967,155969],{},[15,155968,3339],{}," is one item",[237,155971,155972,155969],{},[15,155973,155974],{},"(2, 3)",[237,155976,155977,155969],{},[15,155978,155979],{},"[4, 5]",[38,155981,155983],{"id":155982},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1335,155985,155987],{"id":155986},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[43,155989,155991],{"className":45,"code":155990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155992,155993,156033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155994,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155996,319],{"class":58},[52,155998,63],{"class":62},[52,156000,9588],{"class":66},[52,156002,71],{"class":70},[52,156004,336],{"class":74},[52,156006,71],{"class":70},[52,156008,91],{"class":66},[52,156010,83],{"class":70},[52,156012,17583],{"class":74},[52,156014,71],{"class":70},[52,156016,91],{"class":66},[52,156018,83],{"class":70},[52,156020,354],{"class":74},[52,156022,71],{"class":70},[52,156024,91],{"class":66},[52,156026,83],{"class":70},[52,156028,22654],{"class":74},[52,156030,71],{"class":70},[52,156032,151],{"class":66},[52,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156036,142],{"class":141},[52,156038,145],{"class":66},[52,156040,11505],{"class":141},[52,156042,145],{"class":66},[52,156044,17630],{"class":124},[52,156046,2120],{"class":66},[20,156048,156049],{},[33,156050,173],{},[43,156052,156053],{"className":45,"code":48796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156054,156055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156056,156057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156058,48796],{"class":103},[1335,156060,155800],{"id":156061},"empty-tuple-1",[43,156063,156065],{"className":45,"code":156064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156066,156067,156075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156068,156069,156071,156073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156070,8133],{"class":58},[52,156072,63],{"class":62},[52,156074,149482],{"class":66},[52,156076,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156078,142],{"class":141},[52,156080,145],{"class":66},[52,156082,11505],{"class":141},[52,156084,145],{"class":66},[52,156086,8163],{"class":124},[52,156088,2120],{"class":66},[20,156090,156091],{},[33,156092,173],{},[43,156094,156095],{"className":45,"code":47397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156096,156097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156098,156099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156100,47397],{"class":103},[1335,156102,156104],{"id":156103},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156106,156107,156108,156110],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[33,156109,1332],{}," always a tuple.",[43,156112,156114],{"className":45,"code":156113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156115,156116,156128,156140,156144,156158,156172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156117,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156119,2905],{"class":58},[52,156121,63],{"class":62},[52,156123,9588],{"class":66},[52,156125,2484],{"class":103},[52,156127,151],{"class":66},[52,156129,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156131,2933],{"class":58},[52,156133,63],{"class":62},[52,156135,9588],{"class":66},[52,156137,2484],{"class":103},[52,156139,149496],{"class":66},[52,156141,156142],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156143,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,156145,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,156147,142],{"class":141},[52,156149,145],{"class":66},[52,156151,3573],{"class":3251},[52,156153,145],{"class":66},[52,156155,257],{"class":124},[52,156157,2120],{"class":66},[52,156159,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168,156170],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,156161,142],{"class":141},[52,156163,145],{"class":66},[52,156165,3573],{"class":3251},[52,156167,145],{"class":66},[52,156169,345],{"class":124},[52,156171,2120],{"class":66},[52,156173,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,156175,142],{"class":141},[52,156177,145],{"class":66},[52,156179,11505],{"class":141},[52,156181,145],{"class":66},[52,156183,345],{"class":124},[52,156185,2120],{"class":66},[20,156187,156188],{},[33,156189,173],{},[43,156191,156193],{"className":45,"code":156192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156194,156195,156209,156223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156196,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156198,3642],{"class":62},[52,156200,3645],{"class":2413},[52,156202,195],{"class":70},[52,156204,2535],{"class":74},[52,156206,186],{"class":70},[52,156208,3654],{"class":62},[52,156210,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156212,3642],{"class":62},[52,156214,3645],{"class":2413},[52,156216,195],{"class":70},[52,156218,49099],{"class":74},[52,156220,186],{"class":70},[52,156222,3654],{"class":62},[52,156224,156225],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156226,47062],{"class":103},[20,156228,156229,156230,2218,156233,121],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[257,156231,156232],{"href":148143},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[257,156234,149444],{"href":149443},[1335,156236,156238],{"id":156237},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[43,156240,156242],{"className":45,"code":156241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156243,156244,156288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156245,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156247,59622],{"class":58},[52,156249,63],{"class":62},[52,156251,9588],{"class":66},[52,156253,71],{"class":70},[52,156255,4432],{"class":74},[52,156257,71],{"class":70},[52,156259,91],{"class":66},[52,156261,755],{"class":66},[52,156263,3339],{"class":103},[52,156265,91],{"class":66},[52,156267,1378],{"class":103},[52,156269,18190],{"class":66},[52,156271,9588],{"class":66},[52,156273,71],{"class":70},[52,156275,1357],{"class":74},[52,156277,71],{"class":70},[52,156279,91],{"class":66},[52,156281,83],{"class":70},[52,156283,1371],{"class":74},[52,156285,71],{"class":70},[52,156287,2120],{"class":66},[52,156289,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156291,142],{"class":141},[52,156293,145],{"class":66},[52,156295,11505],{"class":141},[52,156297,145],{"class":66},[52,156299,59675],{"class":124},[52,156301,2120],{"class":66},[20,156303,156304],{},[33,156305,173],{},[43,156307,156308],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156309,156310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156311,156312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156313,46762],{"class":103},[20,156315,156316,156318],{},[15,156317,42504],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[38,156320,156322],{"id":156321},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1335,156324,156326,156328],{"id":156325},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156327,42504],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[43,156330,156332],{"className":45,"code":156331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156333,156334,156358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156335,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156337,4423],{"class":58},[52,156339,63],{"class":62},[52,156341,9588],{"class":66},[52,156343,71],{"class":70},[52,156345,63746],{"class":74},[52,156347,71],{"class":70},[52,156349,91],{"class":66},[52,156351,83],{"class":70},[52,156353,47],{"class":74},[52,156355,71],{"class":70},[52,156357,151],{"class":66},[52,156359,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156361,142],{"class":141},[52,156363,145],{"class":66},[52,156365,11505],{"class":141},[52,156367,145],{"class":66},[52,156369,4467],{"class":124},[52,156371,2120],{"class":66},[20,156373,156374],{},[33,156375,173],{},[43,156377,156378],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156379,156380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156381,156382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156383,17183],{"class":103},[20,156385,156386,156387,156389],{},"This result is ",[15,156388,2404],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156391,156392],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[43,156394,156396],{"className":45,"code":156395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156397,156398,156422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156399,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156401,4423],{"class":58},[52,156403,63],{"class":62},[52,156405,9588],{"class":66},[52,156407,71],{"class":70},[52,156409,63746],{"class":74},[52,156411,71],{"class":70},[52,156413,91],{"class":66},[52,156415,83],{"class":70},[52,156417,47],{"class":74},[52,156419,71],{"class":70},[52,156421,151],{"class":66},[52,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156425,142],{"class":141},[52,156427,145],{"class":66},[52,156429,11505],{"class":141},[52,156431,145],{"class":66},[52,156433,4467],{"class":124},[52,156435,513],{"class":66},[52,156437,2467],{"class":103},[52,156439,2144],{"class":66},[20,156441,156442],{},[33,156443,173],{},[43,156445,156446],{"className":45,"code":17183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156447,156448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156449,156450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156451,17183],{"class":103},[20,156453,20900,156454,156457,156458,121],{},[15,156455,156456],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156459,156460],{},"\"hi\"",[1335,156462,156464,156466],{"id":156463},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156465,42504],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[43,156468,156470],{"className":45,"code":156469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156471,156472,156508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156473,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156475,4178],{"class":58},[52,156477,63],{"class":62},[52,156479,10343],{"class":66},[52,156481,3339],{"class":103},[52,156483,91],{"class":66},[52,156485,1378],{"class":103},[52,156487,2110],{"class":66},[52,156489,9588],{"class":66},[52,156491,2410],{"class":103},[52,156493,91],{"class":66},[52,156495,2807],{"class":103},[52,156497,2110],{"class":66},[52,156499,9588],{"class":66},[52,156501,2484],{"class":103},[52,156503,91],{"class":66},[52,156505,37784],{"class":103},[52,156507,2120],{"class":66},[52,156509,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156511,142],{"class":141},[52,156513,145],{"class":66},[52,156515,11505],{"class":141},[52,156517,145],{"class":66},[52,156519,5712],{"class":124},[52,156521,2120],{"class":66},[20,156523,156524],{},[33,156525,173],{},[43,156527,156528],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156529,156530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156531,156532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156533,46762],{"class":103},[20,156535,156536],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1335,156538,156540],{"id":156539},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156542,25822],{},[43,156544,156546],{"className":45,"code":156545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156547,156548,156560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156549,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156551,2796],{"class":58},[52,156553,63],{"class":62},[52,156555,9588],{"class":66},[52,156557,2679],{"class":103},[52,156559,151],{"class":66},[52,156561,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156563,142],{"class":141},[52,156565,145],{"class":66},[52,156567,3573],{"class":3251},[52,156569,145],{"class":66},[52,156571,2823],{"class":124},[52,156573,2120],{"class":66},[20,156575,156576],{},[33,156577,173],{},[43,156579,156581],{"className":45,"code":156580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156582,156583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156584,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156586,3642],{"class":62},[52,156588,3645],{"class":2413},[52,156590,195],{"class":70},[52,156592,2535],{"class":74},[52,156594,186],{"class":70},[52,156596,3654],{"class":62},[20,156598,156599],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[43,156601,156603],{"className":45,"code":156602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156604,156605,156617,156631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156606,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156608,2796],{"class":58},[52,156610,63],{"class":62},[52,156612,9588],{"class":66},[52,156614,2679],{"class":103},[52,156616,149496],{"class":66},[52,156618,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156620,142],{"class":141},[52,156622,145],{"class":66},[52,156624,3573],{"class":3251},[52,156626,145],{"class":66},[52,156628,2823],{"class":124},[52,156630,2120],{"class":66},[52,156632,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156634,142],{"class":141},[52,156636,145],{"class":66},[52,156638,11505],{"class":141},[52,156640,145],{"class":66},[52,156642,2823],{"class":124},[52,156644,2120],{"class":66},[20,156646,156647],{},[33,156648,173],{},[43,156650,156652],{"className":45,"code":156651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156653,156654,156668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156655,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156657,3642],{"class":62},[52,156659,3645],{"class":2413},[52,156661,195],{"class":70},[52,156663,49099],{"class":74},[52,156665,186],{"class":70},[52,156667,3654],{"class":62},[52,156669,156670],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156671,47062],{"class":103},[1335,156673,156675,156677],{"id":156674},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156676,11505],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156679,44573,156680,156682],{},[15,156681,11505],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156684,44604],{},[43,156686,156688],{"className":45,"code":156687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156689,156690,156698,156718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156691,156692,156694,156696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156693,11505],{"class":141},[52,156695,525],{"class":62},[52,156697,1883],{"class":103},[52,156699,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156701,3971],{"class":58},[52,156703,63],{"class":62},[52,156705,9588],{"class":66},[52,156707,3339],{"class":103},[52,156709,91],{"class":66},[52,156711,1378],{"class":103},[52,156713,91],{"class":66},[52,156715,2801],{"class":103},[52,156717,151],{"class":66},[52,156719,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156721,142],{"class":141},[52,156723,145],{"class":66},[52,156725,11505],{"class":141},[52,156727,145],{"class":66},[52,156729,4001],{"class":124},[52,156731,2120],{"class":66},[20,156733,39795,156734,156736],{},[15,156735,11505],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156738,156739],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[43,156741,156743],{"className":45,"code":156742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156744,156745,156754,156774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156746,156747,156750,156752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156748,156749],{"class":58},"length_value ",[52,156751,63],{"class":62},[52,156753,1883],{"class":103},[52,156755,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156757,3971],{"class":58},[52,156759,63],{"class":62},[52,156761,9588],{"class":66},[52,156763,3339],{"class":103},[52,156765,91],{"class":66},[52,156767,1378],{"class":103},[52,156769,91],{"class":66},[52,156771,2801],{"class":103},[52,156773,151],{"class":66},[52,156775,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156777,142],{"class":141},[52,156779,145],{"class":66},[52,156781,11505],{"class":141},[52,156783,145],{"class":66},[52,156785,4001],{"class":124},[52,156787,2120],{"class":66},[20,156789,156790],{},[33,156791,173],{},[43,156793,156794],{"className":45,"code":46762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156795,156796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156797,156798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156799,46762],{"class":103},[38,156801,156803],{"id":156802},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156805,156806,156808],{},[15,156807,42504],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1335,156810,156812],{"id":156811},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[43,156814,156816],{"className":45,"code":156815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156817,156818,156826,156830,156848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156819,156820,156822,156824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156821,8133],{"class":58},[52,156823,63],{"class":62},[52,156825,149482],{"class":66},[52,156827,156828],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156829,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,156831,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156833,7350],{"class":163},[52,156835,38527],{"class":141},[52,156837,145],{"class":66},[52,156839,8163],{"class":124},[52,156841,4014],{"class":66},[52,156843,6763],{"class":62},[52,156845,4189],{"class":103},[52,156847,6748],{"class":66},[52,156849,156850,156852,156854,156856,156859,156861],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,156851,8423],{"class":141},[52,156853,145],{"class":66},[52,156855,71],{"class":70},[52,156857,156858],{"class":74},"The tuple is empty",[52,156860,71],{"class":70},[52,156862,151],{"class":66},[20,156864,156865],{},[33,156866,173],{},[43,156868,156870],{"className":45,"code":156869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156871,156872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156873,156874,156876,156878,156880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156875,2327],{"class":58},[52,156877,49099],{"class":3251},[52,156879,900],{"class":62},[52,156881,8456],{"class":58},[1335,156883,156885],{"id":156884},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[43,156887,156889],{"className":45,"code":156888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156890,156891,156907,156911,156929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156892,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156894,51532],{"class":58},[52,156896,63],{"class":62},[52,156898,9588],{"class":66},[52,156900,2855],{"class":103},[52,156902,91],{"class":66},[52,156904,6348],{"class":103},[52,156906,151],{"class":66},[52,156908,156909],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,156910,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,156912,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156914,7350],{"class":163},[52,156916,38527],{"class":141},[52,156918,145],{"class":66},[52,156920,51557],{"class":124},[52,156922,4014],{"class":66},[52,156924,6763],{"class":62},[52,156926,1378],{"class":103},[52,156928,6748],{"class":66},[52,156930,156931,156933,156935,156937,156940,156942],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,156932,8423],{"class":141},[52,156934,145],{"class":66},[52,156936,71],{"class":70},[52,156938,156939],{"class":74},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[52,156941,71],{"class":70},[52,156943,151],{"class":66},[20,156945,156946],{},[33,156947,173],{},[43,156949,156951],{"className":45,"code":156950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156952,156953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156954,156955,156958,156960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156956,156957],{"class":58},"This looks like an x",[52,156959,91],{"class":66},[52,156961,156962],{"class":58}," y coordinate\n",[1335,156964,156966],{"id":156965},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[43,156968,156970],{"className":45,"code":156969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156971,156972,157001,157005,157023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156973,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156997,156999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156975,11825],{"class":58},[52,156977,63],{"class":62},[52,156979,9588],{"class":66},[52,156981,71],{"class":70},[52,156983,86],{"class":74},[52,156985,71],{"class":70},[52,156987,91],{"class":66},[52,156989,483],{"class":103},[52,156991,91],{"class":66},[52,156993,83],{"class":70},[52,156995,156996],{"class":74},"Canada",[52,156998,71],{"class":70},[52,157000,151],{"class":66},[52,157002,157003],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157004,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157006,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157008,7350],{"class":163},[52,157010,38527],{"class":141},[52,157012,145],{"class":66},[52,157014,11916],{"class":124},[52,157016,4014],{"class":66},[52,157018,6763],{"class":62},[52,157020,2801],{"class":103},[52,157022,6748],{"class":66},[52,157024,157025,157027,157029,157031,157034,157036],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157026,8423],{"class":141},[52,157028,145],{"class":66},[52,157030,71],{"class":70},[52,157032,157033],{"class":74},"User record has the expected number of values",[52,157035,71],{"class":70},[52,157037,151],{"class":66},[20,157039,157040],{},[33,157041,173],{},[43,157043,157045],{"className":45,"code":157044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157046,157047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157048,157049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157050,157044],{"class":58},[1335,157052,157054],{"id":157053},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[43,157056,157058],{"className":45,"code":157057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157059,157060,157092,157096,157116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157061,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157063,36229],{"class":58},[52,157065,63],{"class":62},[52,157067,9588],{"class":66},[52,157069,71],{"class":70},[52,157071,257],{"class":74},[52,157073,71],{"class":70},[52,157075,91],{"class":66},[52,157077,83],{"class":70},[52,157079,345],{"class":74},[52,157081,71],{"class":70},[52,157083,91],{"class":66},[52,157085,83],{"class":70},[52,157087,10087],{"class":74},[52,157089,71],{"class":70},[52,157091,151],{"class":66},[52,157093,157094],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157095,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157097,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157099,6312],{"class":163},[52,157101,69699],{"class":58},[52,157103,4238],{"class":163},[52,157105,54218],{"class":141},[52,157107,145],{"class":66},[52,157109,11505],{"class":141},[52,157111,145],{"class":66},[52,157113,36282],{"class":124},[52,157115,69714],{"class":66},[52,157117,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157119,8423],{"class":141},[52,157121,145],{"class":66},[52,157123,36293],{"class":124},[52,157125,91],{"class":66},[52,157127,70247],{"class":124},[52,157129,513],{"class":66},[52,157131,36293],{"class":124},[52,157133,913],{"class":66},[20,157135,157136],{},[33,157137,173],{},[43,157139,157140],{"className":45,"code":36305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,157141,157142,157148,157154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157143,157144,157146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157145,2467],{"class":103},[52,157147,36314],{"class":58},[52,157149,157150,157152],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157151,3339],{"class":103},[52,157153,36321],{"class":58},[52,157155,157156,157158],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157157,2404],{"class":103},[52,157159,36328],{"class":58},[20,157161,157162,157163,157165,157166,121],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[257,157164,149813],{"href":149812},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[257,157167,151057],{"href":151056},[38,157169,2022],{"id":2021},[20,157171,157172],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[234,157174,157175,157183,157190,157195],{},[237,157176,157177,157178,2034,157181],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157179,157180],{},"(5)",[15,157182,149647],{},[237,157184,1326,157185,157187,157188],{},[15,157186,11505],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157189,42504],{},[237,157191,8807,157192,157194],{},[15,157193,42504],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[237,157196,157197],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157199,32217],{},[43,157201,157203],{"className":45,"code":157202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157204,157205,157215,157229,157243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157206,157207,157209,157211,157213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157208,142],{"class":141},[52,157210,145],{"class":66},[52,157212,148158],{"class":124},[52,157214,151],{"class":66},[52,157216,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157218,142],{"class":141},[52,157220,145],{"class":66},[52,157222,3573],{"class":3251},[52,157224,145],{"class":66},[52,157226,148158],{"class":124},[52,157228,2120],{"class":66},[52,157230,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157232,142],{"class":141},[52,157234,145],{"class":66},[52,157236,11505],{"class":141},[52,157238,145],{"class":66},[52,157240,148158],{"class":124},[52,157242,2120],{"class":66},[52,157244,157245,157247,157249,157251],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157246,32287],{"class":141},[52,157248,145],{"class":66},[52,157250,11505],{"class":141},[52,157252,151],{"class":66},[20,157254,155367],{},[234,157256,157257,157260,157263,157267],{},[237,157258,157259],{},"what value you are using",[237,157261,157262],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[237,157264,26151,157265,12039],{},[15,157266,42504],{},[237,157268,123531,157269,157271],{},[15,157270,42504],{}," is documented in Python",[38,157273,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,157275,157277],{"id":157276},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157279,222,157280,157283],{},[15,157281,157282],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1335,157285,2195,157287,149317],{"id":157286},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157288,42504],{},[20,157290,46510,157291,157293],{},[15,157292,42504],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1335,157295,157297],{"id":157296},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157299,157300,157301,121],{},"The length is ",[15,157302,2467],{},[1335,157304,157306],{"id":157305},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157308,151003,157309,157311],{},[15,157310,151006],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1335,157313,2195,157315,157317],{"id":157314},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157316,42504],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157319,157320],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[38,157322,2240],{"id":2239},[234,157324,157325,157331,157335,157339,157343],{},[237,157326,157327],{},[257,157328,3928,157329,3861],{"href":42501},[15,157330,42504],{},[237,157332,157333],{},[257,157334,156232],{"href":148143},[237,157336,157337],{},[257,157338,149813],{"href":149812},[237,157340,157341],{},[257,157342,151057],{"href":151056},[237,157344,157345],{},[257,157346,157347],{"href":149443},"What is a tuple in Python",[2278,157349,157350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":157352},[157353,157354,157355,157362,157368,157377,157383,157384,157393],{"id":15287,"depth":110,"text":15288},{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":155720,"depth":110,"text":157356,"children":157357},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157358,157359,157360,157361],{"id":155732,"depth":131,"text":155733},{"id":155799,"depth":131,"text":155800},{"id":155844,"depth":131,"text":155845},{"id":155893,"depth":131,"text":155894},{"id":155982,"depth":110,"text":155983,"children":157363},[157364,157365,157366,157367],{"id":155986,"depth":131,"text":155987},{"id":156061,"depth":131,"text":155800},{"id":156103,"depth":131,"text":156104},{"id":156237,"depth":131,"text":156238},{"id":156321,"depth":110,"text":156322,"children":157369},[157370,157372,157374,157375],{"id":156325,"depth":131,"text":157371},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156463,"depth":131,"text":157373},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156539,"depth":131,"text":156540},{"id":156674,"depth":131,"text":157376},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156802,"depth":110,"text":156803,"children":157378},[157379,157380,157381,157382],{"id":156811,"depth":131,"text":156812},{"id":156884,"depth":131,"text":156885},{"id":156965,"depth":131,"text":156966},{"id":157053,"depth":131,"text":157054},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":157385},[157386,157387,157389,157390,157391],{"id":157276,"depth":131,"text":157277},{"id":157286,"depth":131,"text":157388},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157296,"depth":131,"text":157297},{"id":157305,"depth":131,"text":157306},{"id":157314,"depth":131,"text":157392},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155504,"description":157394},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157401,"title":157402,"body":157403,"description":159788,"extension":2310,"meta":159789,"navigation":134,"path":159790,"seo":159791,"stem":159792,"__hash__":159793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157404,"toc":159749},[157405,157408,157411,157414,157437,157443,157445,157556,157560,157563,157573,157575,157674,157676,157753,157759,157763,157766,157789,157792,157809,157812,157814,157877,157879,157896,157907,157912,157914,157917,157923,157974,157976,157996,158000,158051,158053,158074,158078,158133,158135,158156,158160,158215,158217,158238,158242,158295,158297,158326,158328,158330,158333,158337,158394,158396,158417,158421,158474,158476,158501,158506,158510,158515,158533,158536,158599,158601,158622,158625,158686,158688,158709,158712,158755,158758,158762,158767,158771,158850,158852,158883,158887,158962,158964,158991,158995,159042,159044,159052,159057,159061,159064,159079,159081,159169,159171,159196,159199,159242,159251,159253,159256,159271,159274,159278,159332,159334,159354,159359,159363,159365,159403,159406,159456,159460,159533,159535,159572,159575,159577,159580,159600,159603,159672,159674,159687,159689,159693,159696,159700,159703,159708,159711,159717,159722,159724,159746],[10,157406,157402],{"id":157407},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157409,157410],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157412,157413],{},"Use this format:",[43,157415,157417],{"className":45,"code":157416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157418,157419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157420,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157422,49099],{"class":58},[52,157424,513],{"class":66},[52,157426,36211],{"class":58},[52,157428,80],{"class":66},[52,157430,75577],{"class":58},[52,157432,80],{"class":66},[52,157434,75580],{"class":58},[52,157436,766],{"class":66},[20,157438,2327,157439,75613,157441,121],{},[15,157440,75577],{},[33,157442,65220],{},[38,157444,41],{"id":40},[43,157446,157448],{"className":45,"code":157447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157449,157450,157478,157482,157503,157520,157537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157451,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157453,3971],{"class":58},[52,157455,63],{"class":62},[52,157457,9588],{"class":66},[52,157459,2679],{"class":103},[52,157461,91],{"class":66},[52,157463,104],{"class":103},[52,157465,91],{"class":66},[52,157467,8148],{"class":103},[52,157469,91],{"class":66},[52,157471,50990],{"class":103},[52,157473,91],{"class":66},[52,157475,5433],{"class":103},[52,157477,151],{"class":66},[52,157479,157480],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157481,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157483,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157485,142],{"class":141},[52,157487,145],{"class":66},[52,157489,4001],{"class":124},[52,157491,513],{"class":66},[52,157493,3339],{"class":103},[52,157495,80],{"class":66},[52,157497,2855],{"class":103},[52,157499,20575],{"class":66},[52,157501,157502],{"class":4017},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157504,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157506,142],{"class":141},[52,157508,145],{"class":66},[52,157510,4001],{"class":124},[52,157512,75686],{"class":66},[52,157514,2410],{"class":103},[52,157516,20575],{"class":66},[52,157518,157519],{"class":4017},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[52,157521,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,157523,142],{"class":141},[52,157525,145],{"class":66},[52,157527,4001],{"class":124},[52,157529,74273],{"class":66},[52,157531,2404],{"class":103},[52,157533,20575],{"class":66},[52,157535,157536],{"class":4017},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[52,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,157540,142],{"class":141},[52,157542,145],{"class":66},[52,157544,4001],{"class":124},[52,157546,74273],{"class":66},[52,157548,2369],{"class":62},[52,157550,3339],{"class":103},[52,157552,20575],{"class":66},[52,157554,157555],{"class":4017},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[38,157557,157559],{"id":157558},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157561,157562],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[234,157564,157565,157567,157570],{},[237,157566,75880],{},[237,157568,157569],{},"The result is a new tuple",[237,157571,157572],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157574,309],{},[43,157576,157578],{"className":45,"code":157577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157579,157580,157628,157632,157650,157654,157664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157581,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157583,36229],{"class":58},[52,157585,63],{"class":62},[52,157587,9588],{"class":66},[52,157589,71],{"class":70},[52,157591,257],{"class":74},[52,157593,71],{"class":70},[52,157595,91],{"class":66},[52,157597,83],{"class":70},[52,157599,345],{"class":74},[52,157601,71],{"class":70},[52,157603,91],{"class":66},[52,157605,83],{"class":70},[52,157607,10087],{"class":74},[52,157609,71],{"class":70},[52,157611,91],{"class":66},[52,157613,83],{"class":70},[52,157615,18896],{"class":74},[52,157617,71],{"class":70},[52,157619,91],{"class":66},[52,157621,83],{"class":70},[52,157623,60597],{"class":74},[52,157625,71],{"class":70},[52,157627,151],{"class":66},[52,157629,157630],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157631,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157633,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157635,75810],{"class":58},[52,157637,63],{"class":62},[52,157639,70247],{"class":58},[52,157641,513],{"class":66},[52,157643,3339],{"class":103},[52,157645,80],{"class":66},[52,157647,2855],{"class":103},[52,157649,766],{"class":66},[52,157651,157652],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157653,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157655,157656,157658,157660,157662],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,157657,142],{"class":141},[52,157659,145],{"class":66},[52,157661,75833],{"class":124},[52,157663,151],{"class":66},[52,157665,157666,157668,157670,157672],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,157667,142],{"class":141},[52,157669,145],{"class":66},[52,157671,36282],{"class":124},[52,157673,151],{"class":66},[20,157675,173],{},[43,157677,157679],{"className":45,"code":157678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157680,157681,157709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157682,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157684,145],{"class":66},[52,157686,186],{"class":70},[52,157688,345],{"class":74},[52,157690,186],{"class":70},[52,157692,91],{"class":66},[52,157694,195],{"class":70},[52,157696,10087],{"class":74},[52,157698,186],{"class":70},[52,157700,91],{"class":66},[52,157702,195],{"class":70},[52,157704,18896],{"class":74},[52,157706,186],{"class":70},[52,157708,151],{"class":66},[52,157710,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157712,145],{"class":66},[52,157714,186],{"class":70},[52,157716,257],{"class":74},[52,157718,186],{"class":70},[52,157720,91],{"class":66},[52,157722,195],{"class":70},[52,157724,345],{"class":74},[52,157726,186],{"class":70},[52,157728,91],{"class":66},[52,157730,195],{"class":70},[52,157732,10087],{"class":74},[52,157734,186],{"class":70},[52,157736,91],{"class":66},[52,157738,195],{"class":70},[52,157740,18896],{"class":74},[52,157742,186],{"class":70},[52,157744,91],{"class":66},[52,157746,195],{"class":70},[52,157748,60597],{"class":74},[52,157750,186],{"class":70},[52,157752,151],{"class":66},[20,157754,157755,157756,121],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[257,157757,148140],{"href":157758},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[38,157760,157762],{"id":157761},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157764,157765],{},"The full syntax is:",[43,157767,157769],{"className":45,"code":157768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157770,157771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157772,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157774,148158],{"class":58},[52,157776,513],{"class":66},[52,157778,36211],{"class":58},[52,157780,80],{"class":66},[52,157782,75577],{"class":58},[52,157784,80],{"class":66},[52,157786,75580],{"class":58},[52,157788,766],{"class":66},[20,157790,157791],{},"Each part has a job:",[234,157793,157794,157799,157804],{},[237,157795,157796,157798],{},[15,157797,36211],{},": where slicing begins",[237,157800,157801,157803],{},[15,157802,75577],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[237,157805,157806,157808],{},[15,157807,75580],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157810,157811],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157813,309],{},[43,157815,157817],{"className":45,"code":157816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157818,157819,157851,157855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157820,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157822,3971],{"class":58},[52,157824,63],{"class":62},[52,157826,9588],{"class":66},[52,157828,2679],{"class":103},[52,157830,91],{"class":66},[52,157832,104],{"class":103},[52,157834,91],{"class":66},[52,157836,8148],{"class":103},[52,157838,91],{"class":66},[52,157840,50990],{"class":103},[52,157842,91],{"class":66},[52,157844,5433],{"class":103},[52,157846,91],{"class":66},[52,157848,76251],{"class":103},[52,157850,151],{"class":66},[52,157852,157853],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157854,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157856,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157858,142],{"class":141},[52,157860,145],{"class":66},[52,157862,4001],{"class":124},[52,157864,513],{"class":66},[52,157866,3339],{"class":103},[52,157868,80],{"class":66},[52,157870,2484],{"class":103},[52,157872,80],{"class":66},[52,157874,2404],{"class":103},[52,157876,913],{"class":66},[20,157878,173],{},[43,157880,157882],{"className":45,"code":157881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157883,157884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157885,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157887,145],{"class":66},[52,157889,15880],{"class":103},[52,157891,91],{"class":66},[52,157893,50990],{"class":103},[52,157895,151],{"class":66},[20,157897,157898,157899,157901,157902,157904,157905,121],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157900,3339],{},", stops before index ",[15,157903,2484],{},", and moves by ",[15,157906,2404],{},[20,157908,157909,157910,121],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[257,157911,149813],{"href":153239},[38,157913,76167],{"id":76166},[20,157915,157916],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1335,157918,157920,157921,6320],{"id":157919},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157922,76181],{},[43,157924,157926],{"className":45,"code":157925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157927,157928,157956,157960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157929,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157931,3971],{"class":58},[52,157933,63],{"class":62},[52,157935,9588],{"class":66},[52,157937,2679],{"class":103},[52,157939,91],{"class":66},[52,157941,104],{"class":103},[52,157943,91],{"class":66},[52,157945,8148],{"class":103},[52,157947,91],{"class":66},[52,157949,50990],{"class":103},[52,157951,91],{"class":66},[52,157953,5433],{"class":103},[52,157955,151],{"class":66},[52,157957,157958],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,157959,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,157961,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157963,142],{"class":141},[52,157965,145],{"class":66},[52,157967,4001],{"class":124},[52,157969,75686],{"class":66},[52,157971,2410],{"class":103},[52,157973,913],{"class":66},[20,157975,173],{},[43,157977,157978],{"className":45,"code":151505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,157979,157980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157981,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157983,145],{"class":66},[52,157985,2679],{"class":103},[52,157987,91],{"class":66},[52,157989,104],{"class":103},[52,157991,91],{"class":66},[52,157993,8148],{"class":103},[52,157995,151],{"class":66},[1335,157997,157999],{"id":157998},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[43,158001,158003],{"className":45,"code":158002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158004,158005,158033,158037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158006,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158008,3971],{"class":58},[52,158010,63],{"class":62},[52,158012,9588],{"class":66},[52,158014,2679],{"class":103},[52,158016,91],{"class":66},[52,158018,104],{"class":103},[52,158020,91],{"class":66},[52,158022,8148],{"class":103},[52,158024,91],{"class":66},[52,158026,50990],{"class":103},[52,158028,91],{"class":66},[52,158030,5433],{"class":103},[52,158032,151],{"class":66},[52,158034,158035],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158036,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158038,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158040,142],{"class":141},[52,158042,145],{"class":66},[52,158044,4001],{"class":124},[52,158046,513],{"class":66},[52,158048,2404],{"class":103},[52,158050,77867],{"class":66},[20,158052,173],{},[43,158054,158056],{"className":45,"code":158055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158057,158058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158059,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158061,145],{"class":66},[52,158063,36981],{"class":103},[52,158065,91],{"class":66},[52,158067,50990],{"class":103},[52,158069,91],{"class":66},[52,158071,5433],{"class":103},[52,158073,151],{"class":66},[1335,158075,158077],{"id":158076},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[43,158079,158081],{"className":45,"code":158080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158082,158083,158111,158115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158084,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158086,3971],{"class":58},[52,158088,63],{"class":62},[52,158090,9588],{"class":66},[52,158092,2679],{"class":103},[52,158094,91],{"class":66},[52,158096,104],{"class":103},[52,158098,91],{"class":66},[52,158100,8148],{"class":103},[52,158102,91],{"class":66},[52,158104,50990],{"class":103},[52,158106,91],{"class":66},[52,158108,5433],{"class":103},[52,158110,151],{"class":66},[52,158112,158113],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158114,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158116,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158118,142],{"class":141},[52,158120,145],{"class":66},[52,158122,4001],{"class":124},[52,158124,513],{"class":66},[52,158126,3339],{"class":103},[52,158128,80],{"class":66},[52,158130,2855],{"class":103},[52,158132,913],{"class":66},[20,158134,173],{},[43,158136,158138],{"className":45,"code":158137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158139,158140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158141,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158143,145],{"class":66},[52,158145,15880],{"class":103},[52,158147,91],{"class":66},[52,158149,8148],{"class":103},[52,158151,91],{"class":66},[52,158153,50990],{"class":103},[52,158155,151],{"class":66},[1335,158157,158159],{"id":158158},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[43,158161,158163],{"className":45,"code":158162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158164,158165,158197,158201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158166,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158168,3971],{"class":58},[52,158170,63],{"class":62},[52,158172,9588],{"class":66},[52,158174,2679],{"class":103},[52,158176,91],{"class":66},[52,158178,104],{"class":103},[52,158180,91],{"class":66},[52,158182,8148],{"class":103},[52,158184,91],{"class":66},[52,158186,50990],{"class":103},[52,158188,91],{"class":66},[52,158190,5433],{"class":103},[52,158192,91],{"class":66},[52,158194,76251],{"class":103},[52,158196,151],{"class":66},[52,158198,158199],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158200,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158202,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158204,142],{"class":141},[52,158206,145],{"class":66},[52,158208,4001],{"class":124},[52,158210,74273],{"class":66},[52,158212,2404],{"class":103},[52,158214,913],{"class":66},[20,158216,173],{},[43,158218,158220],{"className":45,"code":158219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158221,158222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158223,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158225,145],{"class":66},[52,158227,2679],{"class":103},[52,158229,91],{"class":66},[52,158231,8148],{"class":103},[52,158233,91],{"class":66},[52,158235,5433],{"class":103},[52,158237,151],{"class":66},[1335,158239,158241],{"id":158240},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[43,158243,158245],{"className":45,"code":158244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158246,158247,158275,158279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158248,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158250,3971],{"class":58},[52,158252,63],{"class":62},[52,158254,9588],{"class":66},[52,158256,2679],{"class":103},[52,158258,91],{"class":66},[52,158260,104],{"class":103},[52,158262,91],{"class":66},[52,158264,8148],{"class":103},[52,158266,91],{"class":66},[52,158268,50990],{"class":103},[52,158270,91],{"class":66},[52,158272,5433],{"class":103},[52,158274,151],{"class":66},[52,158276,158277],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158278,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158280,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158282,142],{"class":141},[52,158284,145],{"class":66},[52,158286,4001],{"class":124},[52,158288,74273],{"class":66},[52,158290,2369],{"class":62},[52,158292,3339],{"class":103},[52,158294,913],{"class":66},[20,158296,173],{},[43,158298,158300],{"className":45,"code":158299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158301,158302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158303,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158305,145],{"class":66},[52,158307,76945],{"class":103},[52,158309,91],{"class":66},[52,158311,50990],{"class":103},[52,158313,91],{"class":66},[52,158315,8148],{"class":103},[52,158317,91],{"class":66},[52,158319,104],{"class":103},[52,158321,91],{"class":66},[52,158323,1972],{"class":103},[52,158325,151],{"class":66},[38,158327,76461],{"id":76460},[20,158329,154512],{},[20,158331,158332],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1335,158334,158336],{"id":158335},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[43,158338,158340],{"className":45,"code":158339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158341,158342,158374,158378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158343,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158345,3971],{"class":58},[52,158347,63],{"class":62},[52,158349,9588],{"class":66},[52,158351,2679],{"class":103},[52,158353,91],{"class":66},[52,158355,104],{"class":103},[52,158357,91],{"class":66},[52,158359,8148],{"class":103},[52,158361,91],{"class":66},[52,158363,50990],{"class":103},[52,158365,91],{"class":66},[52,158367,5433],{"class":103},[52,158369,91],{"class":66},[52,158371,76251],{"class":103},[52,158373,151],{"class":66},[52,158375,158376],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158377,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158379,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158381,142],{"class":141},[52,158383,145],{"class":66},[52,158385,4001],{"class":124},[52,158387,513],{"class":66},[52,158389,2369],{"class":62},[52,158391,2410],{"class":103},[52,158393,77867],{"class":66},[20,158395,173],{},[43,158397,158399],{"className":45,"code":158398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158400,158401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158402,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158404,145],{"class":66},[52,158406,56841],{"class":103},[52,158408,91],{"class":66},[52,158410,5433],{"class":103},[52,158412,91],{"class":66},[52,158414,76251],{"class":103},[52,158416,151],{"class":66},[1335,158418,158420],{"id":158419},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[43,158422,158424],{"className":45,"code":158423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158425,158426,158454,158458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158427,158428,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158429,3971],{"class":58},[52,158431,63],{"class":62},[52,158433,9588],{"class":66},[52,158435,2679],{"class":103},[52,158437,91],{"class":66},[52,158439,104],{"class":103},[52,158441,91],{"class":66},[52,158443,8148],{"class":103},[52,158445,91],{"class":66},[52,158447,50990],{"class":103},[52,158449,91],{"class":66},[52,158451,5433],{"class":103},[52,158453,151],{"class":66},[52,158455,158456],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158457,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158459,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158461,142],{"class":141},[52,158463,145],{"class":66},[52,158465,4001],{"class":124},[52,158467,75686],{"class":66},[52,158469,2369],{"class":62},[52,158471,3339],{"class":103},[52,158473,913],{"class":66},[20,158475,173],{},[43,158477,158479],{"className":45,"code":158478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158480,158481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158482,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158484,145],{"class":66},[52,158486,2679],{"class":103},[52,158488,91],{"class":66},[52,158490,104],{"class":103},[52,158492,91],{"class":66},[52,158494,8148],{"class":103},[52,158496,91],{"class":66},[52,158498,50990],{"class":103},[52,158500,151],{"class":66},[20,158502,158503,158504,121],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[257,158505,151062],{"href":157396},[38,158507,158509],{"id":158508},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158511,2327,158512,158514],{},[15,158513,75580],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[234,158516,158517,158519,158521,158527],{},[237,158518,76717],{},[237,158520,76720],{},[237,158522,158523,158526],{},[15,158524,158525],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[237,158528,158529,158530,158532],{},"A step of ",[15,158531,2467],{}," is not allowed",[20,158534,158535],{},"Example with a positive step:",[43,158537,158539],{"className":45,"code":158538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158540,158541,158573,158577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158542,158543,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158544,3971],{"class":58},[52,158546,63],{"class":62},[52,158548,9588],{"class":66},[52,158550,2679],{"class":103},[52,158552,91],{"class":66},[52,158554,104],{"class":103},[52,158556,91],{"class":66},[52,158558,8148],{"class":103},[52,158560,91],{"class":66},[52,158562,50990],{"class":103},[52,158564,91],{"class":66},[52,158566,5433],{"class":103},[52,158568,91],{"class":66},[52,158570,76251],{"class":103},[52,158572,151],{"class":66},[52,158574,158575],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158576,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158578,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158580,142],{"class":141},[52,158582,145],{"class":66},[52,158584,4001],{"class":124},[52,158586,513],{"class":66},[52,158588,3339],{"class":103},[52,158590,80],{"class":66},[52,158592,80745],{"class":103},[52,158594,80],{"class":66},[52,158596,2404],{"class":103},[52,158598,913],{"class":66},[20,158600,173],{},[43,158602,158604],{"className":45,"code":158603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158605,158606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158607,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158609,145],{"class":66},[52,158611,15880],{"class":103},[52,158613,91],{"class":66},[52,158615,50990],{"class":103},[52,158617,91],{"class":66},[52,158619,76251],{"class":103},[52,158621,151],{"class":66},[20,158623,158624],{},"Example with a negative step:",[43,158626,158628],{"className":45,"code":158627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158629,158630,158658,158662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158631,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158633,3971],{"class":58},[52,158635,63],{"class":62},[52,158637,9588],{"class":66},[52,158639,2679],{"class":103},[52,158641,91],{"class":66},[52,158643,104],{"class":103},[52,158645,91],{"class":66},[52,158647,8148],{"class":103},[52,158649,91],{"class":66},[52,158651,50990],{"class":103},[52,158653,91],{"class":66},[52,158655,5433],{"class":103},[52,158657,151],{"class":66},[52,158659,158660],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158661,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158663,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158665,142],{"class":141},[52,158667,145],{"class":66},[52,158669,4001],{"class":124},[52,158671,513],{"class":66},[52,158673,2855],{"class":103},[52,158675,80],{"class":66},[52,158677,3339],{"class":103},[52,158679,80],{"class":66},[52,158681,2369],{"class":62},[52,158683,3339],{"class":103},[52,158685,913],{"class":66},[20,158687,173],{},[43,158689,158691],{"className":45,"code":158690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158692,158693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158694,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158696,145],{"class":66},[52,158698,76945],{"class":103},[52,158700,91],{"class":66},[52,158702,50990],{"class":103},[52,158704,91],{"class":66},[52,158706,8148],{"class":103},[52,158708,151],{"class":66},[20,158710,158711],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[43,158713,158715],{"className":45,"code":158714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158716,158717,158737,158741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158718,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158720,3971],{"class":58},[52,158722,63],{"class":62},[52,158724,9588],{"class":66},[52,158726,2679],{"class":103},[52,158728,91],{"class":66},[52,158730,104],{"class":103},[52,158732,91],{"class":66},[52,158734,8148],{"class":103},[52,158736,151],{"class":66},[52,158738,158739],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158740,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158742,158743,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158744,142],{"class":141},[52,158746,145],{"class":66},[52,158748,4001],{"class":124},[52,158750,74273],{"class":66},[52,158752,2467],{"class":103},[52,158754,913],{"class":66},[20,158756,158757],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[38,158759,158761],{"id":158760},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158763,158764,158765,33877],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[33,158766,49099],{},[1335,158768,158770],{"id":158769},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[43,158772,158774],{"className":45,"code":158773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158775,158776,158800,158804,158822,158826,158836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158779,3971],{"class":58},[52,158781,63],{"class":62},[52,158783,9588],{"class":66},[52,158785,2679],{"class":103},[52,158787,91],{"class":66},[52,158789,104],{"class":103},[52,158791,91],{"class":66},[52,158793,8148],{"class":103},[52,158795,91],{"class":66},[52,158797,50990],{"class":103},[52,158799,151],{"class":66},[52,158801,158802],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158803,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158805,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158807,2577],{"class":58},[52,158809,63],{"class":62},[52,158811,4617],{"class":58},[52,158813,513],{"class":66},[52,158815,3339],{"class":103},[52,158817,80],{"class":66},[52,158819,2410],{"class":103},[52,158821,766],{"class":66},[52,158823,158824],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,158825,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158827,158828,158830,158832,158834],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,158829,142],{"class":141},[52,158831,145],{"class":66},[52,158833,2612],{"class":124},[52,158835,151],{"class":66},[52,158837,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,158839,142],{"class":141},[52,158841,145],{"class":66},[52,158843,3573],{"class":3251},[52,158845,145],{"class":66},[52,158847,2612],{"class":124},[52,158849,2120],{"class":66},[20,158851,173],{},[43,158853,158855],{"className":45,"code":158854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158856,158857,158869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158858,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158860,145],{"class":66},[52,158862,15880],{"class":103},[52,158864,91],{"class":66},[52,158866,8148],{"class":103},[52,158868,151],{"class":66},[52,158870,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158872,3642],{"class":62},[52,158874,3645],{"class":2413},[52,158876,195],{"class":70},[52,158878,49099],{"class":74},[52,158880,186],{"class":70},[52,158882,3654],{"class":62},[1335,158884,158886],{"id":158885},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[43,158888,158890],{"className":45,"code":158889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158891,158892,158912,158916,158934,158938,158948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158893,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158895,3971],{"class":58},[52,158897,63],{"class":62},[52,158899,9588],{"class":66},[52,158901,2679],{"class":103},[52,158903,91],{"class":66},[52,158905,104],{"class":103},[52,158907,91],{"class":66},[52,158909,8148],{"class":103},[52,158911,151],{"class":66},[52,158913,158914],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158915,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158917,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158919,2577],{"class":58},[52,158921,63],{"class":62},[52,158923,4617],{"class":58},[52,158925,513],{"class":66},[52,158927,3339],{"class":103},[52,158929,80],{"class":66},[52,158931,2404],{"class":103},[52,158933,766],{"class":66},[52,158935,158936],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,158937,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,158939,158940,158942,158944,158946],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,158941,142],{"class":141},[52,158943,145],{"class":66},[52,158945,2612],{"class":124},[52,158947,151],{"class":66},[52,158949,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,158951,142],{"class":141},[52,158953,145],{"class":66},[52,158955,3573],{"class":3251},[52,158957,145],{"class":66},[52,158959,2612],{"class":124},[52,158961,2120],{"class":66},[20,158963,173],{},[43,158965,158967],{"className":45,"code":158966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158968,158969,158977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158970,158971,158973,158975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158972,145],{"class":66},[52,158974,15880],{"class":103},[52,158976,149496],{"class":66},[52,158978,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,158980,3642],{"class":62},[52,158982,3645],{"class":2413},[52,158984,195],{"class":70},[52,158986,49099],{"class":74},[52,158988,186],{"class":70},[52,158990,3654],{"class":62},[1335,158992,158994],{"id":158993},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[43,158996,158998],{"className":45,"code":158997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158999,159000,159020,159024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159001,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159003,3971],{"class":58},[52,159005,63],{"class":62},[52,159007,9588],{"class":66},[52,159009,2679],{"class":103},[52,159011,91],{"class":66},[52,159013,104],{"class":103},[52,159015,91],{"class":66},[52,159017,8148],{"class":103},[52,159019,151],{"class":66},[52,159021,159022],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159023,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159025,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159027,142],{"class":141},[52,159029,145],{"class":66},[52,159031,4001],{"class":124},[52,159033,513],{"class":66},[52,159035,2484],{"class":103},[52,159037,80],{"class":66},[52,159039,2694],{"class":103},[52,159041,913],{"class":66},[20,159043,173],{},[43,159045,159046],{"className":45,"code":128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159047,159048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159049,159050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159051,128],{"class":66},[20,159053,159054,159055,121],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[257,159056,156232],{"href":151119},[38,159058,159060],{"id":159059},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159062,159063],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[234,159065,159066,159068,159071,159076],{},[237,159067,77026],{},[237,159069,159070],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[237,159072,159073,159074],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159075,70882],{},[237,159077,159078],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159080,309],{},[43,159082,159084],{"className":45,"code":159083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159085,159086,159106,159110,159127,159148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159087,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159089,3971],{"class":58},[52,159091,63],{"class":62},[52,159093,9588],{"class":66},[52,159095,2679],{"class":103},[52,159097,91],{"class":66},[52,159099,104],{"class":103},[52,159101,91],{"class":66},[52,159103,8148],{"class":103},[52,159105,151],{"class":66},[52,159107,159108],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159109,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159111,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159113,142],{"class":141},[52,159115,145],{"class":66},[52,159117,4001],{"class":124},[52,159119,513],{"class":66},[52,159121,3339],{"class":103},[52,159123,20575],{"class":66},[52,159125,159126],{"class":4017},"    # one item\n",[52,159128,159129,159131,159133,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,159130,142],{"class":141},[52,159132,145],{"class":66},[52,159134,4001],{"class":124},[52,159136,513],{"class":66},[52,159138,3339],{"class":103},[52,159140,80],{"class":66},[52,159142,2484],{"class":103},[52,159144,20575],{"class":66},[52,159146,159147],{"class":4017},"  # slice\n",[52,159149,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,159151,142],{"class":141},[52,159153,145],{"class":66},[52,159155,4001],{"class":124},[52,159157,513],{"class":66},[52,159159,2484],{"class":103},[52,159161,80],{"class":66},[52,159163,2694],{"class":103},[52,159165,20575],{"class":66},[52,159167,159168],{"class":4017},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159170,173],{},[43,159172,159174],{"className":45,"code":159173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159175,159176,159180,159192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159177,159178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159179,71375],{"class":103},[52,159181,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159183,145],{"class":66},[52,159185,15880],{"class":103},[52,159187,91],{"class":66},[52,159189,8148],{"class":103},[52,159191,151],{"class":66},[52,159193,159194],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159195,128],{"class":66},[20,159197,159198],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[43,159200,159202],{"className":45,"code":159201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159203,159204,159224,159228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159207,3971],{"class":58},[52,159209,63],{"class":62},[52,159211,9588],{"class":66},[52,159213,2679],{"class":103},[52,159215,91],{"class":66},[52,159217,104],{"class":103},[52,159219,91],{"class":66},[52,159221,8148],{"class":103},[52,159223,151],{"class":66},[52,159225,159226],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159227,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159229,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159231,142],{"class":141},[52,159233,145],{"class":66},[52,159235,4001],{"class":124},[52,159237,513],{"class":66},[52,159239,2484],{"class":103},[52,159241,913],{"class":66},[20,159243,159244,159245,159247,159248,121],{},"This raises an ",[15,159246,70882],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[257,159249,154985],{"href":159250},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[38,159252,15302],{"id":77293},[20,159254,159255],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[234,159257,159258,159261,159263,159266],{},[237,159259,159260],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[237,159262,60842],{},[237,159264,159265],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[237,159267,159268,159269],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159270,2467],{},[20,159272,159273],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1335,159275,159277],{"id":159276},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[43,159279,159280],{"className":45,"code":158080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159281,159282,159310,159314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159283,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159285,3971],{"class":58},[52,159287,63],{"class":62},[52,159289,9588],{"class":66},[52,159291,2679],{"class":103},[52,159293,91],{"class":66},[52,159295,104],{"class":103},[52,159297,91],{"class":66},[52,159299,8148],{"class":103},[52,159301,91],{"class":66},[52,159303,50990],{"class":103},[52,159305,91],{"class":66},[52,159307,5433],{"class":103},[52,159309,151],{"class":66},[52,159311,159312],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159313,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159315,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159317,142],{"class":141},[52,159319,145],{"class":66},[52,159321,4001],{"class":124},[52,159323,513],{"class":66},[52,159325,3339],{"class":103},[52,159327,80],{"class":66},[52,159329,2855],{"class":103},[52,159331,913],{"class":66},[20,159333,173],{},[43,159335,159336],{"className":45,"code":158137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159337,159338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159339,159340,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159341,145],{"class":66},[52,159343,15880],{"class":103},[52,159345,91],{"class":66},[52,159347,8148],{"class":103},[52,159349,91],{"class":66},[52,159351,50990],{"class":103},[52,159353,151],{"class":66},[20,159355,132564,159356,159358],{},[15,159357,2855],{}," is not included.",[1335,159360,159362],{"id":159361},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159364,4880],{},[43,159366,159368],{"className":45,"code":159367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159369,159370,159394,159398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159371,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382,159384,159386,159388,159390,159392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159373,3971],{"class":58},[52,159375,63],{"class":62},[52,159377,9588],{"class":66},[52,159379,2679],{"class":103},[52,159381,91],{"class":66},[52,159383,104],{"class":103},[52,159385,91],{"class":66},[52,159387,8148],{"class":103},[52,159389,91],{"class":66},[52,159391,50990],{"class":103},[52,159393,151],{"class":66},[52,159395,159396],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159397,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159399,159400],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159401,159402],{"class":4017},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159404,159405],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[43,159407,159408],{"className":45,"code":155065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159409,159410,159434,159438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159411,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159413,3971],{"class":58},[52,159415,63],{"class":62},[52,159417,9588],{"class":66},[52,159419,2679],{"class":103},[52,159421,91],{"class":66},[52,159423,104],{"class":103},[52,159425,91],{"class":66},[52,159427,8148],{"class":103},[52,159429,91],{"class":66},[52,159431,50990],{"class":103},[52,159433,151],{"class":66},[52,159435,159436],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159437,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159439,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159441,142],{"class":141},[52,159443,145],{"class":66},[52,159445,4001],{"class":124},[52,159447,513],{"class":66},[52,159449,3339],{"class":103},[52,159451,80],{"class":66},[52,159453,2410],{"class":103},[52,159455,913],{"class":66},[1335,159457,159459],{"id":159458},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[43,159461,159463],{"className":45,"code":159462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159464,159465,159489,159493,159508,159512,159523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159466,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159468,3971],{"class":58},[52,159470,63],{"class":62},[52,159472,9588],{"class":66},[52,159474,2679],{"class":103},[52,159476,91],{"class":66},[52,159478,104],{"class":103},[52,159480,91],{"class":66},[52,159482,8148],{"class":103},[52,159484,91],{"class":66},[52,159486,50990],{"class":103},[52,159488,151],{"class":66},[52,159490,159491],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159492,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159494,159495,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159496,159497],{"class":58},"slice_result ",[52,159499,63],{"class":62},[52,159501,4617],{"class":58},[52,159503,75686],{"class":66},[52,159505,2404],{"class":103},[52,159507,766],{"class":66},[52,159509,159510],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,159511,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159513,159514,159516,159518,159521],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,159515,142],{"class":141},[52,159517,145],{"class":66},[52,159519,159520],{"class":124},"slice_result",[52,159522,151],{"class":66},[52,159524,159525,159527,159529,159531],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,159526,142],{"class":141},[52,159528,145],{"class":66},[52,159530,4001],{"class":124},[52,159532,151],{"class":66},[20,159534,173],{},[43,159536,159538],{"className":45,"code":159537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159539,159540,159552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159541,159542,159544,159546,159548,159550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159543,145],{"class":66},[52,159545,2679],{"class":103},[52,159547,91],{"class":66},[52,159549,104],{"class":103},[52,159551,151],{"class":66},[52,159553,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159555,145],{"class":66},[52,159557,2679],{"class":103},[52,159559,91],{"class":66},[52,159561,104],{"class":103},[52,159563,91],{"class":66},[52,159565,8148],{"class":103},[52,159567,91],{"class":66},[52,159569,50990],{"class":103},[52,159571,151],{"class":66},[20,159573,159574],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[38,159576,113878],{"id":113877},[20,159578,159579],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[234,159581,159582,159585,159588,159594,159597],{},[237,159583,159584],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[237,159586,159587],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[237,159589,159590,159591],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159592,159593],{},"tuple[::0]",[237,159595,159596],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[237,159598,159599],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159601,159602],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[43,159604,159606],{"className":45,"code":159605,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159607,159608,159618,159636,159658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159611,142],{"class":141},[52,159613,145],{"class":66},[52,159615,148158],{"class":124},[52,159617,151],{"class":66},[52,159619,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159621,142],{"class":141},[52,159623,145],{"class":66},[52,159625,148158],{"class":124},[52,159627,513],{"class":66},[52,159629,3339],{"class":103},[52,159631,80],{"class":66},[52,159633,2855],{"class":103},[52,159635,913],{"class":66},[52,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159639,142],{"class":141},[52,159641,145],{"class":66},[52,159643,3573],{"class":3251},[52,159645,145],{"class":66},[52,159647,148158],{"class":124},[52,159649,513],{"class":66},[52,159651,3339],{"class":103},[52,159653,80],{"class":66},[52,159655,2855],{"class":103},[52,159657,2144],{"class":66},[52,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668,159670],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,159661,142],{"class":141},[52,159663,145],{"class":66},[52,159665,11505],{"class":141},[52,159667,145],{"class":66},[52,159669,148158],{"class":124},[52,159671,2120],{"class":66},[20,159673,11514],{},[234,159675,159676,159678,159681,159684],{},[237,159677,155372],{},[237,159679,159680],{},"what the slice actually returns",[237,159682,159683],{},"that the result is a tuple",[237,159685,159686],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[38,159688,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,159690,159692],{"id":159691},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159694,159695],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1335,159697,159699],{"id":159698},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159701,159702],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1335,159704,5495,159706,40102],{"id":159705},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159707,158525],{},[20,159709,159710],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1335,159712,159714,159715,2221],{"id":159713},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159716,70882],{},[20,159718,159719,159720,121],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159721,70882],{},[38,159723,2240],{"id":2239},[234,159725,159726,159730,159734,159738,159742],{},[237,159727,159728],{},[257,159729,156232],{"href":151119},[237,159731,159732],{},[257,159733,149813],{"href":153239},[237,159735,159736],{},[257,159737,151062],{"href":157396},[237,159739,159740],{},[257,159741,148140],{"href":157758},[237,159743,159744],{},[257,159745,154985],{"href":159250},[2278,159747,159748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":159750},[159751,159752,159753,159754,159762,159766,159767,159772,159773,159778,159779,159787],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":157558,"depth":110,"text":157559},{"id":157761,"depth":110,"text":157762},{"id":76166,"depth":110,"text":76167,"children":159755},[159756,159758,159759,159760,159761],{"id":157919,"depth":131,"text":159757},"Get the first n items",{"id":157998,"depth":131,"text":157999},{"id":158076,"depth":131,"text":158077},{"id":158158,"depth":131,"text":158159},{"id":158240,"depth":131,"text":158241},{"id":76460,"depth":110,"text":76461,"children":159763},[159764,159765],{"id":158335,"depth":131,"text":158336},{"id":158419,"depth":131,"text":158420},{"id":158508,"depth":110,"text":158509},{"id":158760,"depth":110,"text":158761,"children":159768},[159769,159770,159771],{"id":158769,"depth":131,"text":158770},{"id":158885,"depth":131,"text":158886},{"id":158993,"depth":131,"text":158994},{"id":159059,"depth":110,"text":159060},{"id":77293,"depth":110,"text":15302,"children":159774},[159775,159776,159777],{"id":159276,"depth":131,"text":159277},{"id":159361,"depth":131,"text":159362},{"id":159458,"depth":131,"text":159459},{"id":113877,"depth":110,"text":113878},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":159780},[159781,159782,159783,159785],{"id":159691,"depth":131,"text":159692},{"id":159698,"depth":131,"text":159699},{"id":159705,"depth":131,"text":159784},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159713,"depth":131,"text":159786},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157402,"description":159788},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159795,"title":159796,"body":159797,"description":161620,"extension":2310,"meta":161621,"navigation":134,"path":34945,"seo":161622,"stem":161623,"__hash__":161624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159798,"toc":161586},[159799,159804,159809,159813,159831,159834,159849,159855,159857,159914,159916,159948,159960,159966,159971,159974,160009,160015,160017,160020,160034,160037,160039,160062,160064,160082,160085,160101,160103,160106,160219,160221,160310,160313,160318,160324,160327,160330,160429,160431,160490,160495,160498,160567,160571,160603,160619,160624,160631,160638,160650,160652,160701,160703,160726,160732,160780,160785,160792,160800,160806,160809,160833,160836,160838,160914,160916,160941,160947,160950,160955,160959,160973,160975,161038,161040,161072,161075,161091,161093,161099,161106,161108,161127,161129,161147,161154,161159,161166,161168,161205,161208,161215,161219,161222,161280,161283,161286,161341,161343,161355,161361,161363,161367,161400,161407,161409,161472,161475,161477,161482,161496,161503,161511,161520,161529,161535,161541,161543,161583],[10,159800,3928,159802,3932],{"id":159801},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159803,2650],{},[20,159805,32452,159806,159808],{},[15,159807,2650],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159810,62917,159811,104722],{},[15,159812,2650],{},[234,159814,159815,159818,159821,159824],{},[237,159816,159817],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[237,159819,159820],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[237,159822,159823],{},"debug confusing code",[237,159825,159826,159827],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[257,159828,159829],{"href":8573},[15,159830,3308],{},[20,159832,159833],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[43,159835,159837],{"className":45,"code":159836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(object)\n",[15,159838,159839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159840,159841,159843,159845,159847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159842,3573],{"class":3251},[52,159844,145],{"class":66},[52,159846,42542],{"class":3251},[52,159848,151],{"class":66},[20,159850,159851,159852,159854],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159853,2650],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[38,159856,3961],{"id":3960},[43,159858,159860],{"className":45,"code":159859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159861,159862,159874,159888,159892,159900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159863,159864,159866,159868,159870,159872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159865,8230],{"class":58},[52,159867,63],{"class":62},[52,159869,83],{"class":70},[52,159871,5356],{"class":74},[52,159873,3710],{"class":70},[52,159875,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159877,142],{"class":141},[52,159879,145],{"class":66},[52,159881,3573],{"class":3251},[52,159883,145],{"class":66},[52,159885,75],{"class":124},[52,159887,2120],{"class":66},[52,159889,159890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159891,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,159893,159894,159896,159898],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,159895,2564],{"class":58},[52,159897,63],{"class":62},[52,159899,1883],{"class":103},[52,159901,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,159903,142],{"class":141},[52,159905,145],{"class":66},[52,159907,3573],{"class":3251},[52,159909,145],{"class":66},[52,159911,2587],{"class":124},[52,159913,2120],{"class":66},[20,159915,173],{},[43,159917,159918],{"className":45,"code":125225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159919,159920,159934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159921,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159923,3642],{"class":62},[52,159925,3645],{"class":2413},[52,159927,195],{"class":70},[52,159929,3795],{"class":74},[52,159931,186],{"class":70},[52,159933,3654],{"class":62},[52,159935,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,159937,3642],{"class":62},[52,159939,3645],{"class":2413},[52,159941,195],{"class":70},[52,159943,2535],{"class":74},[52,159945,186],{"class":70},[52,159947,3654],{"class":62},[20,159949,222,159950,159953,159954,2218,159957,121],{},[15,159951,159952],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159955,159956],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159958,159959],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[38,159961,229,159963,159965],{"id":159962},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159964,2650],{}," function does",[20,159967,159968,159970],{},[15,159969,2650],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159972,159973],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[234,159975,159976,159981,159986,159991,159996,160001],{},[237,159977,159978,159980],{},[15,159979,3795],{}," for text",[237,159982,159983,159985],{},[15,159984,2535],{}," for whole numbers",[237,159987,159988,159990],{},[15,159989,2539],{}," for decimal numbers",[237,159992,159993,159995],{},[15,159994,8448],{}," for lists",[237,159997,159998,160000],{},[15,159999,9176],{}," for dictionaries",[237,160002,160003,69246,160005,2218,160007],{},[15,160004,4223],{},[15,160006,1048],{},[15,160008,1039],{},[20,160010,160011,160012,160014],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160013,2650],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[38,160016,269],{"id":268},[20,160018,160019],{},"The main beginner form is:",[43,160021,160022],{"className":45,"code":159836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160023,160024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160025,160026,160028,160030,160032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160027,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160029,145],{"class":66},[52,160031,42542],{"class":3251},[52,160033,151],{"class":66},[20,160035,160036],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160038,309],{},[43,160040,160042],{"className":45,"code":160041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160043,160044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160045,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160047,142],{"class":141},[52,160049,145],{"class":66},[52,160051,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160053,145],{"class":66},[52,160055,71],{"class":70},[52,160057,4201],{"class":74},[52,160059,71],{"class":70},[52,160061,2120],{"class":66},[20,160063,173],{},[43,160065,160066],{"className":45,"code":45915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160067,160068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160069,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160071,3642],{"class":62},[52,160073,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160075,195],{"class":70},[52,160077,3795],{"class":74},[52,160079,186],{"class":70},[52,160081,3654],{"class":62},[20,160083,160084],{},"You can pass either:",[234,160086,160087,160094],{},[237,160088,160089,160090,261,160092],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160091,64685],{},[15,160093,46671],{},[237,160095,160096,160097,261,160099],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160098,75],{},[15,160100,96],{},[38,160102,122037],{"id":122036},[20,160104,160105],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[43,160107,160109],{"className":45,"code":160108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160110,160111,160129,160143,160157,160179,160205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160112,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160114,142],{"class":141},[52,160116,145],{"class":66},[52,160118,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160120,145],{"class":66},[52,160122,71],{"class":70},[52,160124,4201],{"class":74},[52,160126,71],{"class":70},[52,160128,2120],{"class":66},[52,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160132,142],{"class":141},[52,160134,145],{"class":66},[52,160136,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160138,145],{"class":66},[52,160140,2679],{"class":103},[52,160142,2120],{"class":66},[52,160144,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160146,142],{"class":141},[52,160148,145],{"class":66},[52,160150,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160152,145],{"class":66},[52,160154,40285],{"class":103},[52,160156,2120],{"class":66},[52,160158,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160160,142],{"class":141},[52,160162,145],{"class":66},[52,160164,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160166,3336],{"class":66},[52,160168,3339],{"class":103},[52,160170,91],{"class":66},[52,160172,1378],{"class":103},[52,160174,91],{"class":66},[52,160176,2801],{"class":103},[52,160178,2144],{"class":66},[52,160180,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,160182,142],{"class":141},[52,160184,145],{"class":66},[52,160186,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160188,5883],{"class":66},[52,160190,71],{"class":70},[52,160192,75],{"class":74},[52,160194,71],{"class":70},[52,160196,80],{"class":66},[52,160198,83],{"class":70},[52,160200,5356],{"class":74},[52,160202,71],{"class":70},[52,160204,5892],{"class":66},[52,160206,160207,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,160208,142],{"class":141},[52,160210,145],{"class":66},[52,160212,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160214,145],{"class":66},[52,160216,1048],{"class":218},[52,160218,2120],{"class":66},[20,160220,173],{},[43,160222,160224],{"className":45,"code":160223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160225,160226,160240,160254,160268,160282,160296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160227,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160229,3642],{"class":62},[52,160231,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160233,195],{"class":70},[52,160235,3795],{"class":74},[52,160237,186],{"class":70},[52,160239,3654],{"class":62},[52,160241,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160243,3642],{"class":62},[52,160245,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160247,195],{"class":70},[52,160249,2535],{"class":74},[52,160251,186],{"class":70},[52,160253,3654],{"class":62},[52,160255,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160257,3642],{"class":62},[52,160259,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160261,195],{"class":70},[52,160263,2539],{"class":74},[52,160265,186],{"class":70},[52,160267,3654],{"class":62},[52,160269,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160271,3642],{"class":62},[52,160273,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160275,195],{"class":70},[52,160277,8448],{"class":74},[52,160279,186],{"class":70},[52,160281,3654],{"class":62},[52,160283,160284,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,160285,3642],{"class":62},[52,160287,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160289,195],{"class":70},[52,160291,9176],{"class":74},[52,160293,186],{"class":70},[52,160295,3654],{"class":62},[52,160297,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,160299,3642],{"class":62},[52,160301,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160303,195],{"class":70},[52,160305,4223],{"class":74},[52,160307,186],{"class":70},[52,160309,3654],{"class":62},[20,160311,160312],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160314,160315,160316,121],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[257,160317,44942],{"href":49124},[38,160319,1326,160321,160323],{"id":160320},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160322,2650],{}," with variables",[20,160325,160326],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160328,160329],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[43,160331,160333],{"className":45,"code":160332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160334,160335,160343,160361,160365,160377,160395,160399,160411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160336,160337,160339,160341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160338,2796],{"class":58},[52,160340,63],{"class":62},[52,160342,1883],{"class":103},[52,160344,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160346,142],{"class":141},[52,160348,145],{"class":66},[52,160350,2823],{"class":124},[52,160352,91],{"class":66},[52,160354,49536],{"class":3251},[52,160356,145],{"class":66},[52,160358,2823],{"class":124},[52,160360,2120],{"class":66},[52,160362,160363],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160364,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160368,2796],{"class":58},[52,160370,63],{"class":62},[52,160372,83],{"class":70},[52,160374,46052],{"class":74},[52,160376,3710],{"class":70},[52,160378,160379,160381,160383,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,160380,142],{"class":141},[52,160382,145],{"class":66},[52,160384,2823],{"class":124},[52,160386,91],{"class":66},[52,160388,49536],{"class":3251},[52,160390,145],{"class":66},[52,160392,2823],{"class":124},[52,160394,2120],{"class":66},[52,160396,160397],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,160398,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,160400,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,160402,2796],{"class":58},[52,160404,63],{"class":62},[52,160406,755],{"class":66},[52,160408,2679],{"class":103},[52,160410,766],{"class":66},[52,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427],{"class":54,"line":795},[52,160414,142],{"class":141},[52,160416,145],{"class":66},[52,160418,2823],{"class":124},[52,160420,91],{"class":66},[52,160422,49536],{"class":3251},[52,160424,145],{"class":66},[52,160426,2823],{"class":124},[52,160428,2120],{"class":66},[20,160430,173],{},[43,160432,160434],{"className":45,"code":160433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160435,160436,160453,160470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160437,160438,160440,160443,160445,160447,160449,160451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160439,2679],{"class":103},[52,160441,160442],{"class":62}," \u003C",[52,160444,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160446,195],{"class":70},[52,160448,2535],{"class":74},[52,160450,186],{"class":70},[52,160452,3654],{"class":62},[52,160454,160455,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160456,160457],{"class":58},"ten ",[52,160459,3642],{"class":62},[52,160461,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160463,195],{"class":70},[52,160465,3795],{"class":74},[52,160467,186],{"class":70},[52,160469,3654],{"class":62},[52,160471,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160473,513],{"class":66},[52,160475,2679],{"class":103},[52,160477,522],{"class":66},[52,160479,160442],{"class":62},[52,160481,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160483,195],{"class":70},[52,160485,8448],{"class":74},[52,160487,186],{"class":70},[52,160489,3654],{"class":62},[20,160491,160492,160494],{},[15,160493,2650],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160496,160497],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[43,160499,160501],{"className":45,"code":160500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160502,160503,160521,160535,160539,160553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160504,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513,160515,160517,160519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160506,3743],{"class":58},[52,160508,63],{"class":62},[52,160510,8596],{"class":141},[52,160512,145],{"class":66},[52,160514,71],{"class":70},[52,160516,42014],{"class":74},[52,160518,71],{"class":70},[52,160520,151],{"class":66},[52,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160524,142],{"class":141},[52,160526,145],{"class":66},[52,160528,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160530,145],{"class":66},[52,160532,3769],{"class":124},[52,160534,2120],{"class":66},[52,160536,160537],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160538,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,160540,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160542,123149],{"class":58},[52,160544,63],{"class":62},[52,160546,45421],{"class":3251},[52,160548,145],{"class":66},[52,160550,3769],{"class":124},[52,160552,151],{"class":66},[52,160554,160555,160557,160559,160561,160563,160565],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,160556,142],{"class":141},[52,160558,145],{"class":66},[52,160560,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160562,145],{"class":66},[52,160564,123172],{"class":124},[52,160566,2120],{"class":66},[20,160568,41263,160569,41267],{},[15,160570,9547],{},[43,160572,160573],{"className":45,"code":125225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160574,160575,160589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160576,160577,160579,160581,160583,160585,160587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160578,3642],{"class":62},[52,160580,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160582,195],{"class":70},[52,160584,3795],{"class":74},[52,160586,186],{"class":70},[52,160588,3654],{"class":62},[52,160590,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160592,3642],{"class":62},[52,160594,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160596,195],{"class":70},[52,160598,2535],{"class":74},[52,160600,186],{"class":70},[52,160602,3654],{"class":62},[20,160604,45848,160605,160609,160610,261,160614,160618],{},[257,160606,160607],{"href":8573},[15,160608,3308],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[257,160611,160612],{"href":3224},[15,160613,3227],{},[257,160615,160616],{"href":3230},[15,160617,3233],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160620,160621,160622,121],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[257,160623,9336],{"href":9335},[38,160625,160627,10931,160629],{"id":160626},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160628,2650],{},[15,160630,44950],{},[20,160632,160633,2218,160635,160637],{},[15,160634,2650],{},[15,160636,44950],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[234,160639,160640,160645],{},[237,160641,160642,160644],{},[15,160643,2650],{}," tells you the exact type",[237,160646,160647,160649],{},[15,160648,44950],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160651,309],{},[43,160653,160655],{"className":45,"code":160654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160656,160657,160665,160669,160683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160658,160659,160661,160663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160660,2796],{"class":58},[52,160662,63],{"class":62},[52,160664,34979],{"class":103},[52,160666,160667],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160668,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,160670,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160672,142],{"class":141},[52,160674,145],{"class":66},[52,160676,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160678,145],{"class":66},[52,160680,2823],{"class":124},[52,160682,2120],{"class":66},[52,160684,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160686,142],{"class":141},[52,160688,145],{"class":66},[52,160690,49021],{"class":141},[52,160692,145],{"class":66},[52,160694,2823],{"class":124},[52,160696,91],{"class":66},[52,160698,45421],{"class":3251},[52,160700,2120],{"class":66},[20,160702,173],{},[43,160704,160706],{"className":45,"code":160705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160707,160708,160722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160709,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160711,3642],{"class":62},[52,160713,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160715,195],{"class":70},[52,160717,2535],{"class":74},[52,160719,186],{"class":70},[52,160721,3654],{"class":62},[52,160723,160724],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160725,1025],{"class":218},[20,160727,160728,160729,160731],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160730,44950],{}," is more practical.",[43,160733,160735],{"className":45,"code":160734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160736,160737,160745,160749,160765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160738,160739,160741,160743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160740,2796],{"class":58},[52,160742,63],{"class":62},[52,160744,34979],{"class":103},[52,160746,160747],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160748,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,160750,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160752,7350],{"class":163},[52,160754,49759],{"class":141},[52,160756,145],{"class":66},[52,160758,2823],{"class":124},[52,160760,91],{"class":66},[52,160762,45421],{"class":3251},[52,160764,8696],{"class":66},[52,160766,160767,160769,160771,160773,160776,160778],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160768,8423],{"class":141},[52,160770,145],{"class":66},[52,160772,71],{"class":70},[52,160774,160775],{"class":74},"This is an integer",[52,160777,71],{"class":70},[52,160779,151],{"class":66},[20,160781,222,160782,160784],{},[15,160783,2650],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160786,222,160787,160789,160790,7525],{},[15,160788,44950],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160791,7350],{},[20,160793,160794,160795,121],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[257,160796,3928,160798,3861],{"href":160797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160799,44950],{},[38,160801,160803,160804],{"id":160802},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160805,2650],{},[20,160807,160808],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[43,160810,160812],{"className":45,"code":160811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160813,160814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160815,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824,160827,160829,160831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160817,3573],{"class":3251},[52,160819,145],{"class":66},[52,160821,75],{"class":124},[52,160823,91],{"class":66},[52,160825,160826],{"class":124}," bases",[52,160828,91],{"class":66},[52,160830,9524],{"class":3251},[52,160832,151],{"class":66},[20,160834,160835],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160837,309],{},[43,160839,160841],{"className":45,"code":160840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160842,160843,160886,160890,160900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160844,160845,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856,160859,160861,160863,160866,160868,160870,160873,160875,160877,160879,160882,160884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160846,160847],{"class":58},"Person ",[52,160849,63],{"class":62},[52,160851,49536],{"class":3251},[52,160853,145],{"class":66},[52,160855,71],{"class":70},[52,160857,160858],{"class":74},"Person",[52,160860,71],{"class":70},[52,160862,91],{"class":66},[52,160864,160865],{"class":66}," (),",[52,160867,67],{"class":66},[52,160869,71],{"class":70},[52,160871,160872],{"class":74},"species",[52,160874,71],{"class":70},[52,160876,80],{"class":66},[52,160878,83],{"class":70},[52,160880,160881],{"class":74},"human",[52,160883,71],{"class":70},[52,160885,30630],{"class":66},[52,160887,160888],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160889,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,160891,160892,160894,160896,160898],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160893,142],{"class":141},[52,160895,145],{"class":66},[52,160897,160858],{"class":124},[52,160899,151],{"class":66},[52,160901,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160903,142],{"class":141},[52,160905,145],{"class":66},[52,160907,160858],{"class":124},[52,160909,121],{"class":66},[52,160911,160872],{"class":24881},[52,160913,151],{"class":66},[20,160915,173],{},[43,160917,160919],{"className":45,"code":160918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160920,160921,160936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160922,160923,160925,160927,160929,160932,160934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160924,3642],{"class":62},[52,160926,3645],{"class":2413},[52,160928,195],{"class":70},[52,160930,160931],{"class":74},"__main__.Person",[52,160933,186],{"class":70},[52,160935,3654],{"class":62},[52,160937,160938],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160939,160940],{"class":58},"human\n",[20,160942,160943,160944,160946],{},"Most beginners do ",[33,160945,1332],{}," need this form.",[20,160948,160949],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[38,160951,1063,160953],{"id":160952},"when-to-use-type",[15,160954,2650],{},[20,160956,160957,12772],{},[15,160958,2650],{},[234,160960,160961,160964,160967,160970],{},[237,160962,160963],{},"debug unexpected values",[237,160965,160966],{},"check what a conversion produced",[237,160968,160969],{},"learn Python data types",[237,160971,160972],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160974,5826],{},[43,160976,160978],{"className":45,"code":160977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160979,160980,160992,161006,161010,161024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160983,34824],{"class":58},[52,160985,63],{"class":62},[52,160987,83],{"class":70},[52,160989,50392],{"class":74},[52,160991,3710],{"class":70},[52,160993,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002,161004],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,160995,2564],{"class":58},[52,160997,63],{"class":62},[52,160999,45421],{"class":3251},[52,161001,145],{"class":66},[52,161003,34845],{"class":124},[52,161005,151],{"class":66},[52,161007,161008],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161009,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,161011,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,161013,142],{"class":141},[52,161015,145],{"class":66},[52,161017,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161019,145],{"class":66},[52,161021,34845],{"class":124},[52,161023,2120],{"class":66},[52,161025,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,161027,142],{"class":141},[52,161029,145],{"class":66},[52,161031,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161033,145],{"class":66},[52,161035,2587],{"class":124},[52,161037,2120],{"class":66},[20,161039,173],{},[43,161041,161042],{"className":45,"code":125225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,161043,161044,161058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161045,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161047,3642],{"class":62},[52,161049,3645],{"class":2413},[52,161051,195],{"class":70},[52,161053,3795],{"class":74},[52,161055,186],{"class":70},[52,161057,3654],{"class":62},[52,161059,161060,161062,161064,161066,161068,161070],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161061,3642],{"class":62},[52,161063,3645],{"class":2413},[52,161065,195],{"class":70},[52,161067,2535],{"class":74},[52,161069,186],{"class":70},[52,161071,3654],{"class":62},[20,161073,161074],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161076,161077,161078,2536,161082,17199,161086,161090],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[257,161079,161080],{"href":42318},[15,161081,47829],{},[257,161083,161084],{"href":3224},[15,161085,3227],{},[257,161087,161088],{"href":3230},[15,161089,3233],{}," are often the next step.",[38,161092,25489],{"id":25488},[20,161094,161095,161096,161098],{},"A few things about ",[15,161097,2650],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1335,161100,161102,161105],{"id":161101},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161103,161104],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161107,64794],{},[43,161109,161111],{"className":45,"code":161110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161112,161113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161114,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161116,142],{"class":141},[52,161118,145],{"class":66},[52,161120,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161122,145],{"class":66},[52,161124,2484],{"class":103},[52,161126,2120],{"class":66},[20,161128,123068],{},[43,161130,161131],{"className":45,"code":156580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,161132,161133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161134,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161136,3642],{"class":62},[52,161138,3645],{"class":2413},[52,161140,195],{"class":70},[52,161142,2535],{"class":74},[52,161144,186],{"class":70},[52,161146,3654],{"class":62},[20,161148,41048,161149,161151,161152,121],{},[33,161150,1332],{}," print just ",[15,161153,2535],{},[20,161155,7029,161156,161158],{},[15,161157,2650],{}," returns a class object.",[1335,161160,161162,2746,161164],{"id":161161},"input-returns-str",[15,161163,3308],{},[15,161165,3795],{},[20,161167,79693],{},[43,161169,161171],{"className":45,"code":161170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161172,161173,161191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161174,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161176,2796],{"class":58},[52,161178,63],{"class":62},[52,161180,8596],{"class":141},[52,161182,145],{"class":66},[52,161184,71],{"class":70},[52,161186,46455],{"class":74},[52,161188,71],{"class":70},[52,161190,151],{"class":66},[52,161192,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161194,142],{"class":141},[52,161196,145],{"class":66},[52,161198,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161200,145],{"class":66},[52,161202,2823],{"class":124},[52,161204,2120],{"class":66},[20,161206,161207],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161209,161210,161211,261,161213,121],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161212,3227],{},[15,161214,3233],{},[1335,161216,161218],{"id":161217},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161220,161221],{},"Avoid code like this:",[43,161223,161225],{"className":45,"code":161224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161226,161227,161235,161239,161265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161228,161229,161231,161233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161230,2796],{"class":58},[52,161232,63],{"class":62},[52,161234,34979],{"class":103},[52,161236,161237],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161238,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,161240,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161242,7350],{"class":163},[52,161244,49050],{"class":3251},[52,161246,145],{"class":66},[52,161248,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161250,145],{"class":66},[52,161252,2823],{"class":124},[52,161254,5715],{"class":66},[52,161256,6763],{"class":62},[52,161258,83],{"class":70},[52,161260,159959],{"class":74},[52,161262,71],{"class":70},[52,161264,6748],{"class":66},[52,161266,161267,161269,161271,161273,161276,161278],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,161268,8423],{"class":141},[52,161270,145],{"class":66},[52,161272,71],{"class":70},[52,161274,161275],{"class":74},"It is an int",[52,161277,71],{"class":70},[52,161279,151],{"class":66},[20,161281,161282],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161284,161285],{},"Better options:",[43,161287,161289],{"className":45,"code":161288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161290,161291,161299,161303,161323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161292,161293,161295,161297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161294,2796],{"class":58},[52,161296,63],{"class":62},[52,161298,34979],{"class":103},[52,161300,161301],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161302,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,161304,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161306,142],{"class":141},[52,161308,145],{"class":66},[52,161310,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161312,145],{"class":66},[52,161314,2823],{"class":124},[52,161316,4014],{"class":66},[52,161318,6763],{"class":62},[52,161320,45421],{"class":3251},[52,161322,151],{"class":66},[52,161324,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,161326,142],{"class":141},[52,161328,145],{"class":66},[52,161330,49021],{"class":141},[52,161332,145],{"class":66},[52,161334,2823],{"class":124},[52,161336,91],{"class":66},[52,161338,45421],{"class":3251},[52,161340,2120],{"class":66},[20,161342,173],{},[43,161344,161345],{"className":45,"code":4859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,161346,161347,161351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161348,161349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161350,1025],{"class":218},[52,161352,161353],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161354,1025],{"class":218},[20,161356,161357,161358,161360],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161359,44950],{}," is the more useful check.",[38,161362,2022],{"id":2021},[20,161364,2025,161365,80],{},[15,161366,2650],{},[234,161368,161369,161379,161388,161397],{},[237,161370,1326,161371,161373,161374,161378],{},[15,161372,2650],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[257,161375,161376],{"href":8573},[15,161377,3308],{}," always returns a string",[237,161380,8807,161381,161383,161384,2034,161386],{},[15,161382,2650],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161385,2535],{},[15,161387,159959],{},[237,161389,1326,161390,44774,161393,161396],{},[15,161391,161392],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161394,161395],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[237,161398,161399],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161401,161402,161403,121],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[257,161404,161406],{"href":161405},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161408,144734],{},[43,161410,161412],{"className":45,"code":161411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161413,161414,161428,161438,161452,161462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161415,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161417,142],{"class":141},[52,161419,145],{"class":66},[52,161421,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161423,145],{"class":66},[52,161425,2823],{"class":124},[52,161427,2120],{"class":66},[52,161429,161430,161432,161434,161436],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161431,142],{"class":141},[52,161433,145],{"class":66},[52,161435,2823],{"class":124},[52,161437,151],{"class":66},[52,161439,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161441,142],{"class":141},[52,161443,145],{"class":66},[52,161445,41922],{"class":141},[52,161447,145],{"class":66},[52,161449,2823],{"class":124},[52,161451,2120],{"class":66},[52,161453,161454,161456,161458,161460],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,161455,32287],{"class":141},[52,161457,145],{"class":66},[52,161459,3573],{"class":3251},[52,161461,151],{"class":66},[52,161463,161464,161466,161468,161470],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,161465,34508],{"class":141},[52,161467,145],{"class":66},[52,161469,2823],{"class":124},[52,161471,151],{"class":66},[20,161473,161474],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[38,161476,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,161478,5495,161480,5498],{"id":161479},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161481,2650],{},[20,161483,161484,161485,2536,161487,2536,161489,2540,161491,161493,161494,121],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161486,3795],{},[15,161488,2535],{},[15,161490,8448],{},[15,161492,9176],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161495,159956],{},[1335,161497,2205,161499,57354,161501,2221],{"id":161498},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161500,2650],{},[15,161502,44950],{},[20,161504,46510,161505,161507,161508,161510],{},[15,161506,2650],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161509,44950],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1335,161512,5511,161514,161517,161518,2221],{"id":161513},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161515,161516],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161519,3795],{},[20,161521,29194,161522,161524,161525,261,161527,160618],{},[15,161523,3308],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161526,3227],{},[15,161528,3233],{},[1335,161530,5523,161532,161534],{"id":161531},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161533,2650],{}," create classes?",[20,161536,161537,161538,121],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161539,161540],{},"type(object)",[38,161542,2240],{"id":2239},[234,161544,161545,161549,161555,161561,161565,161571,161577],{},[237,161546,161547],{},[257,161548,44942],{"href":49124},[237,161550,161551],{},[257,161552,3928,161553,3861],{"href":160797},[15,161554,44950],{},[237,161556,161557],{},[257,161558,3928,161559,3861],{"href":8573},[15,161560,3308],{},[237,161562,161563],{},[257,161564,9413],{"href":9335},[237,161566,161567],{},[257,161568,3928,161569,3861],{"href":3224},[15,161570,3227],{},[237,161572,161573],{},[257,161574,3928,161575,3861],{"href":3230},[15,161576,3233],{},[237,161578,161579],{},[257,161580,3928,161581,3861],{"href":42318},[15,161582,47829],{},[2278,161584,161585],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":161587},[161588,161589,161591,161592,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161608,161609,161619],{"id":3960,"depth":110,"text":3961},{"id":159962,"depth":110,"text":161590},"What the type() function does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":122036,"depth":110,"text":122037},{"id":160320,"depth":110,"text":161594},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160626,"depth":110,"text":161596},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160802,"depth":110,"text":161598},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160952,"depth":110,"text":161600},"When to use type()",{"id":25488,"depth":110,"text":25489,"children":161602},[161603,161605,161607],{"id":161101,"depth":131,"text":161604},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161161,"depth":131,"text":161606},"input() returns str",{"id":161217,"depth":131,"text":161218},{"id":2021,"depth":110,"text":2022},{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":161610},[161611,161613,161615,161617],{"id":161479,"depth":131,"text":161612},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161498,"depth":131,"text":161614},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161513,"depth":131,"text":161616},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161531,"depth":131,"text":161618},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159796,"description":161620},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161626,"title":161627,"body":161628,"description":164107,"extension":2310,"meta":164108,"navigation":134,"path":164109,"seo":164110,"stem":164111,"__hash__":164112},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161629,"toc":164064},[161630,161635,161640,161649,161651,161751,161753,161778,161783,161788,161804,161807,161809,161811,161836,161839,161842,161925,161927,161976,161979,162101,162103,162176,162180,162183,162297,162299,162325,162327,162348,162353,162357,162362,162365,162469,162471,162488,162497,162500,162587,162589,162600,162605,162611,162616,162622,162625,162718,162720,162769,162775,162778,162879,162881,162934,162939,162943,162946,163045,163047,163086,163089,163094,163096,163101,163105,163218,163222,163319,163323,163411,163413,163430,163434,163557,163563,163569,163575,163580,163583,163610,163614,163616,163710,163713,163717,163720,163807,163810,163845,163847,163884,163887,163895,163900,163905,163979,163986,163988,163993,163996,164002,164005,164011,164016,164022,164027,164031,164034,164036,164061],[10,161631,3928,161633,3932],{"id":161632},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161634,64470],{},[20,161636,161637,161639],{},[15,161638,64470],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161641,161642,161643,161645,161646,161648],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161644,64470],{}," inside a ",[15,161647,6312],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[38,161650,41],{"id":40},[43,161652,161654],{"className":45,"code":161653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161655,161656,161688,161708,161712,161737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161657,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161659,5347],{"class":58},[52,161661,63],{"class":62},[52,161663,755],{"class":66},[52,161665,71],{"class":70},[52,161667,86],{"class":74},[52,161669,71],{"class":70},[52,161671,91],{"class":66},[52,161673,83],{"class":70},[52,161675,36079],{"class":74},[52,161677,71],{"class":70},[52,161679,91],{"class":66},[52,161681,83],{"class":70},[52,161683,36088],{"class":74},[52,161685,71],{"class":70},[52,161687,766],{"class":66},[52,161689,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161691,5416],{"class":58},[52,161693,63],{"class":62},[52,161695,755],{"class":66},[52,161697,758],{"class":103},[52,161699,91],{"class":66},[52,161701,763],{"class":103},[52,161703,91],{"class":66},[52,161705,29053],{"class":103},[52,161707,766],{"class":66},[52,161709,161710],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161711,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,161713,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,161715,6312],{"class":163},[52,161717,36130],{"class":58},[52,161719,91],{"class":66},[52,161721,5458],{"class":58},[52,161723,4238],{"class":163},[52,161725,161726],{"class":141}," zip",[52,161728,145],{"class":66},[52,161730,5391],{"class":124},[52,161732,91],{"class":66},[52,161734,5463],{"class":124},[52,161736,8696],{"class":66},[52,161738,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,161740,8423],{"class":141},[52,161742,145],{"class":66},[52,161744,75],{"class":124},[52,161746,91],{"class":66},[52,161748,131014],{"class":124},[52,161750,151],{"class":66},[20,161752,173],{},[43,161754,161756],{"className":45,"code":161755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161757,161758,161764,161771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161759,161760,161762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161761,134033],{"class":58},[52,161763,33271],{"class":103},[52,161765,161766,161769],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161767,161768],{"class":58},"Ben ",[52,161770,33276],{"class":103},[52,161772,161773,161776],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161774,161775],{"class":58},"Cara ",[52,161777,33281],{"class":103},[20,161779,222,161780,161782],{},[15,161781,64470],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[38,161784,4031,161786,4034],{"id":161785},"what-zip-does",[15,161787,64470],{},[234,161789,161790,161795,161798,161801],{},[237,161791,161792,161794],{},[15,161793,64470],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[237,161796,161797],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[237,161799,161800],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[237,161802,161803],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161805,161806],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[38,161808,269],{"id":268},[20,161810,7571],{},[43,161812,161814],{"className":45,"code":161813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161815,161816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161817,161818,161820,161822,161825,161827,161830,161832,161834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161819,64540],{"class":141},[52,161821,145],{"class":66},[52,161823,161824],{"class":124},"iterable1",[52,161826,91],{"class":66},[52,161828,161829],{"class":124}," iterable2",[52,161831,91],{"class":66},[52,161833,34590],{"class":141},[52,161835,151],{"class":66},[20,161837,161838],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161840,161841],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[43,161843,161845],{"className":45,"code":161844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161846,161847,161867,161899,161903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161848,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161850,3971],{"class":58},[52,161852,63],{"class":62},[52,161854,755],{"class":66},[52,161856,3339],{"class":103},[52,161858,91],{"class":66},[52,161860,1378],{"class":103},[52,161862,91],{"class":66},[52,161864,2801],{"class":103},[52,161866,766],{"class":66},[52,161868,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,161870,36229],{"class":58},[52,161872,63],{"class":62},[52,161874,755],{"class":66},[52,161876,71],{"class":70},[52,161878,257],{"class":74},[52,161880,71],{"class":70},[52,161882,91],{"class":66},[52,161884,83],{"class":70},[52,161886,345],{"class":74},[52,161888,71],{"class":70},[52,161890,91],{"class":66},[52,161892,83],{"class":70},[52,161894,10087],{"class":74},[52,161896,71],{"class":70},[52,161898,766],{"class":66},[52,161900,161901],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161902,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,161904,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,161906,142],{"class":141},[52,161908,145],{"class":66},[52,161910,8448],{"class":3251},[52,161912,145],{"class":66},[52,161914,64540],{"class":141},[52,161916,145],{"class":66},[52,161918,4001],{"class":124},[52,161920,91],{"class":66},[52,161922,70247],{"class":124},[52,161924,3262],{"class":66},[20,161926,173],{},[43,161928,161930],{"className":45,"code":161929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161931,161932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161933,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161935,21870],{"class":66},[52,161937,3339],{"class":103},[52,161939,91],{"class":66},[52,161941,195],{"class":70},[52,161943,257],{"class":74},[52,161945,186],{"class":70},[52,161947,2110],{"class":66},[52,161949,9588],{"class":66},[52,161951,2404],{"class":103},[52,161953,91],{"class":66},[52,161955,195],{"class":70},[52,161957,345],{"class":74},[52,161959,186],{"class":70},[52,161961,2110],{"class":66},[52,161963,9588],{"class":66},[52,161965,2410],{"class":103},[52,161967,91],{"class":66},[52,161969,195],{"class":70},[52,161971,10087],{"class":74},[52,161973,186],{"class":70},[52,161975,9601],{"class":66},[20,161977,161978],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[43,161980,161982],{"className":45,"code":161981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161983,161984,162016,162036,162070,162074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161985,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161987,5347],{"class":58},[52,161989,63],{"class":62},[52,161991,755],{"class":66},[52,161993,71],{"class":70},[52,161995,86],{"class":74},[52,161997,71],{"class":70},[52,161999,91],{"class":66},[52,162001,83],{"class":70},[52,162003,36079],{"class":74},[52,162005,71],{"class":70},[52,162007,91],{"class":66},[52,162009,83],{"class":70},[52,162011,36088],{"class":74},[52,162013,71],{"class":70},[52,162015,766],{"class":66},[52,162017,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162019,5416],{"class":58},[52,162021,63],{"class":62},[52,162023,755],{"class":66},[52,162025,758],{"class":103},[52,162027,91],{"class":66},[52,162029,763],{"class":103},[52,162031,91],{"class":66},[52,162033,29053],{"class":103},[52,162035,766],{"class":66},[52,162037,162038,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162066,162068],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162039,162040],{"class":58},"grades ",[52,162042,63],{"class":62},[52,162044,755],{"class":66},[52,162046,71],{"class":70},[52,162048,22375],{"class":74},[52,162050,71],{"class":70},[52,162052,91],{"class":66},[52,162054,83],{"class":70},[52,162056,30734],{"class":74},[52,162058,71],{"class":70},[52,162060,91],{"class":66},[52,162062,83],{"class":70},[52,162064,162065],{"class":74},"B+",[52,162067,71],{"class":70},[52,162069,766],{"class":66},[52,162071,162072],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162073,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162075,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162099],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,162077,142],{"class":141},[52,162079,145],{"class":66},[52,162081,8448],{"class":3251},[52,162083,145],{"class":66},[52,162085,64540],{"class":141},[52,162087,145],{"class":66},[52,162089,5391],{"class":124},[52,162091,91],{"class":66},[52,162093,5463],{"class":124},[52,162095,91],{"class":66},[52,162097,162098],{"class":124}," grades",[52,162100,3262],{"class":66},[20,162102,173],{},[43,162104,162106],{"className":45,"code":162105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162107,162108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162109,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162111,21870],{"class":66},[52,162113,186],{"class":70},[52,162115,86],{"class":74},[52,162117,186],{"class":70},[52,162119,91],{"class":66},[52,162121,20027],{"class":103},[52,162123,91],{"class":66},[52,162125,195],{"class":70},[52,162127,22375],{"class":74},[52,162129,186],{"class":70},[52,162131,2110],{"class":66},[52,162133,9588],{"class":66},[52,162135,186],{"class":70},[52,162137,36079],{"class":74},[52,162139,186],{"class":70},[52,162141,91],{"class":66},[52,162143,763],{"class":103},[52,162145,91],{"class":66},[52,162147,195],{"class":70},[52,162149,30734],{"class":74},[52,162151,186],{"class":70},[52,162153,2110],{"class":66},[52,162155,9588],{"class":66},[52,162157,186],{"class":70},[52,162159,36088],{"class":74},[52,162161,186],{"class":70},[52,162163,91],{"class":66},[52,162165,29053],{"class":103},[52,162167,91],{"class":66},[52,162169,195],{"class":70},[52,162171,162065],{"class":74},[52,162173,186],{"class":70},[52,162175,9601],{"class":66},[38,162177,162179],{"id":162178},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162181,162182],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[43,162184,162186],{"className":45,"code":162185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162187,162188,162220,162240,162244,162268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162189,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162191,5347],{"class":58},[52,162193,63],{"class":62},[52,162195,755],{"class":66},[52,162197,71],{"class":70},[52,162199,86],{"class":74},[52,162201,71],{"class":70},[52,162203,91],{"class":66},[52,162205,83],{"class":70},[52,162207,36079],{"class":74},[52,162209,71],{"class":70},[52,162211,91],{"class":66},[52,162213,83],{"class":70},[52,162215,36088],{"class":74},[52,162217,71],{"class":70},[52,162219,766],{"class":66},[52,162221,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162223,5416],{"class":58},[52,162225,63],{"class":62},[52,162227,755],{"class":66},[52,162229,758],{"class":103},[52,162231,91],{"class":66},[52,162233,763],{"class":103},[52,162235,91],{"class":66},[52,162237,29053],{"class":103},[52,162239,766],{"class":66},[52,162241,162242],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162243,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162245,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162247,6312],{"class":163},[52,162249,36130],{"class":58},[52,162251,91],{"class":66},[52,162253,5458],{"class":58},[52,162255,4238],{"class":163},[52,162257,161726],{"class":141},[52,162259,145],{"class":66},[52,162261,5391],{"class":124},[52,162263,91],{"class":66},[52,162265,5463],{"class":124},[52,162267,8696],{"class":66},[52,162269,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,162271,8423],{"class":141},[52,162273,145],{"class":66},[52,162275,22424],{"class":2413},[52,162277,71],{"class":74},[52,162279,183],{"class":103},[52,162281,75],{"class":124},[52,162283,22433],{"class":103},[52,162285,162286],{"class":74}," scored ",[52,162288,183],{"class":103},[52,162290,85671],{"class":124},[52,162292,22433],{"class":103},[52,162294,71],{"class":74},[52,162296,151],{"class":66},[20,162298,173],{},[43,162300,162302],{"className":45,"code":162301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162303,162304,162311,162318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162305,162306,162309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162307,162308],{"class":58},"Ana scored ",[52,162310,33271],{"class":103},[52,162312,162313,162316],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162314,162315],{"class":58},"Ben scored ",[52,162317,33276],{"class":103},[52,162319,162320,162323],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162321,162322],{"class":58},"Cara scored ",[52,162324,33281],{"class":103},[20,162326,45075],{},[234,162328,162329,162338,162341],{},[237,162330,162331,162334,162335],{},[15,162332,162333],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162336,162337],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[237,162339,162340],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[237,162342,162343,2218,162345,162347],{},[15,162344,75],{},[15,162346,85671],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162349,162350,162351,121],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[257,162352,69764],{"href":69763},[38,162354,162356],{"id":162355},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162358,162359,162361],{},[15,162360,64470],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162363,162364],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[43,162366,162368],{"className":45,"code":162367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162369,162370,162411,162427,162431,162455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162371,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162407,162409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162373,5347],{"class":58},[52,162375,63],{"class":62},[52,162377,755],{"class":66},[52,162379,71],{"class":70},[52,162381,86],{"class":74},[52,162383,71],{"class":70},[52,162385,91],{"class":66},[52,162387,83],{"class":70},[52,162389,36079],{"class":74},[52,162391,71],{"class":70},[52,162393,91],{"class":66},[52,162395,83],{"class":70},[52,162397,36088],{"class":74},[52,162399,71],{"class":70},[52,162401,91],{"class":66},[52,162403,83],{"class":70},[52,162405,162406],{"class":74},"Dan",[52,162408,71],{"class":70},[52,162410,766],{"class":66},[52,162412,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162414,5416],{"class":58},[52,162416,63],{"class":62},[52,162418,755],{"class":66},[52,162420,758],{"class":103},[52,162422,91],{"class":66},[52,162424,763],{"class":103},[52,162426,766],{"class":66},[52,162428,162429],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162430,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162432,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162434,6312],{"class":163},[52,162436,36130],{"class":58},[52,162438,91],{"class":66},[52,162440,5458],{"class":58},[52,162442,4238],{"class":163},[52,162444,161726],{"class":141},[52,162446,145],{"class":66},[52,162448,5391],{"class":124},[52,162450,91],{"class":66},[52,162452,5463],{"class":124},[52,162454,8696],{"class":66},[52,162456,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,162458,8423],{"class":141},[52,162460,145],{"class":66},[52,162462,75],{"class":124},[52,162464,91],{"class":66},[52,162466,131014],{"class":124},[52,162468,151],{"class":66},[20,162470,173],{},[43,162472,162474],{"className":45,"code":162473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162475,162476,162482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162477,162478,162480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162479,134033],{"class":58},[52,162481,33271],{"class":103},[52,162483,162484,162486],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162485,161768],{"class":58},[52,162487,33276],{"class":103},[20,162489,2634,162490,2218,162493,162496],{},[15,162491,162492],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162494,162495],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162498,162499],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[43,162501,162503],{"className":45,"code":162502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162504,162505,162545,162561,162565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162506,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162508,5347],{"class":58},[52,162510,63],{"class":62},[52,162512,755],{"class":66},[52,162514,71],{"class":70},[52,162516,86],{"class":74},[52,162518,71],{"class":70},[52,162520,91],{"class":66},[52,162522,83],{"class":70},[52,162524,36079],{"class":74},[52,162526,71],{"class":70},[52,162528,91],{"class":66},[52,162530,83],{"class":70},[52,162532,36088],{"class":74},[52,162534,71],{"class":70},[52,162536,91],{"class":66},[52,162538,83],{"class":70},[52,162540,162406],{"class":74},[52,162542,71],{"class":70},[52,162544,766],{"class":66},[52,162546,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162548,5416],{"class":58},[52,162550,63],{"class":62},[52,162552,755],{"class":66},[52,162554,758],{"class":103},[52,162556,91],{"class":66},[52,162558,763],{"class":103},[52,162560,766],{"class":66},[52,162562,162563],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162564,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162566,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162568,142],{"class":141},[52,162570,145],{"class":66},[52,162572,11505],{"class":141},[52,162574,145],{"class":66},[52,162576,5391],{"class":124},[52,162578,2110],{"class":66},[52,162580,38527],{"class":141},[52,162582,145],{"class":66},[52,162584,16515],{"class":124},[52,162586,2120],{"class":66},[20,162588,173],{},[43,162590,162592],{"className":45,"code":162591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4 2\n",[15,162593,162594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162595,162596,162598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162597,2855],{"class":103},[52,162599,45734],{"class":103},[20,162601,162602,162603,121],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162604,64470],{},[38,162606,92262,162608,162610],{"id":162607},"converting-zip-output",[15,162609,64470],{}," output",[20,162612,29194,162613,162615],{},[15,162614,64470],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1335,162617,222,162619],{"id":162618},"use-listzip",[15,162620,162621],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162623,162624],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[43,162626,162628],{"className":45,"code":162627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162629,162630,162662,162682,162686,162708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162631,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162633,5347],{"class":58},[52,162635,63],{"class":62},[52,162637,755],{"class":66},[52,162639,71],{"class":70},[52,162641,86],{"class":74},[52,162643,71],{"class":70},[52,162645,91],{"class":66},[52,162647,83],{"class":70},[52,162649,36079],{"class":74},[52,162651,71],{"class":70},[52,162653,91],{"class":66},[52,162655,83],{"class":70},[52,162657,36088],{"class":74},[52,162659,71],{"class":70},[52,162661,766],{"class":66},[52,162663,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162665,5416],{"class":58},[52,162667,63],{"class":62},[52,162669,755],{"class":66},[52,162671,758],{"class":103},[52,162673,91],{"class":66},[52,162675,763],{"class":103},[52,162677,91],{"class":66},[52,162679,29053],{"class":103},[52,162681,766],{"class":66},[52,162683,162684],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162685,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162687,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162689,9568],{"class":58},[52,162691,63],{"class":62},[52,162693,22690],{"class":3251},[52,162695,145],{"class":66},[52,162697,64540],{"class":141},[52,162699,145],{"class":66},[52,162701,5391],{"class":124},[52,162703,91],{"class":66},[52,162705,5463],{"class":124},[52,162707,2120],{"class":66},[52,162709,162710,162712,162714,162716],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,162711,142],{"class":141},[52,162713,145],{"class":66},[52,162715,9614],{"class":124},[52,162717,151],{"class":66},[20,162719,173],{},[43,162721,162723],{"className":45,"code":162722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162724,162725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162726,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162728,21870],{"class":66},[52,162730,186],{"class":70},[52,162732,86],{"class":74},[52,162734,186],{"class":70},[52,162736,91],{"class":66},[52,162738,20027],{"class":103},[52,162740,2110],{"class":66},[52,162742,9588],{"class":66},[52,162744,186],{"class":70},[52,162746,36079],{"class":74},[52,162748,186],{"class":70},[52,162750,91],{"class":66},[52,162752,763],{"class":103},[52,162754,2110],{"class":66},[52,162756,9588],{"class":66},[52,162758,186],{"class":70},[52,162760,36088],{"class":74},[52,162762,186],{"class":70},[52,162764,91],{"class":66},[52,162766,29053],{"class":103},[52,162768,9601],{"class":66},[1335,162770,222,162772],{"id":162771},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162773,162774],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162776,162777],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[43,162779,162781],{"className":45,"code":162780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162782,162783,162815,162843,162847,162869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162784,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162786,17369],{"class":58},[52,162788,63],{"class":62},[52,162790,755],{"class":66},[52,162792,71],{"class":70},[52,162794,75],{"class":74},[52,162796,71],{"class":70},[52,162798,91],{"class":66},[52,162800,83],{"class":70},[52,162802,96],{"class":74},[52,162804,71],{"class":70},[52,162806,91],{"class":66},[52,162808,83],{"class":70},[52,162810,10755],{"class":74},[52,162812,71],{"class":70},[52,162814,766],{"class":66},[52,162816,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162818,4178],{"class":58},[52,162820,63],{"class":62},[52,162822,755],{"class":66},[52,162824,71],{"class":70},[52,162826,86],{"class":74},[52,162828,71],{"class":70},[52,162830,91],{"class":66},[52,162832,483],{"class":103},[52,162834,91],{"class":66},[52,162836,83],{"class":70},[52,162838,16157],{"class":74},[52,162840,71],{"class":70},[52,162842,766],{"class":66},[52,162844,162845],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162846,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162848,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162850,451],{"class":58},[52,162852,63],{"class":62},[52,162854,9524],{"class":3251},[52,162856,145],{"class":66},[52,162858,64540],{"class":141},[52,162860,145],{"class":66},[52,162862,17050],{"class":124},[52,162864,91],{"class":66},[52,162866,4241],{"class":124},[52,162868,2120],{"class":66},[52,162870,162871,162873,162875,162877],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,162872,142],{"class":141},[52,162874,145],{"class":66},[52,162876,17434],{"class":124},[52,162878,151],{"class":66},[20,162880,173],{},[43,162882,162884],{"className":45,"code":162883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162885,162886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162887,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162889,183],{"class":66},[52,162891,186],{"class":70},[52,162893,75],{"class":74},[52,162895,186],{"class":70},[52,162897,80],{"class":66},[52,162899,195],{"class":70},[52,162901,86],{"class":74},[52,162903,186],{"class":70},[52,162905,91],{"class":66},[52,162907,195],{"class":70},[52,162909,96],{"class":74},[52,162911,186],{"class":70},[52,162913,80],{"class":66},[52,162915,483],{"class":103},[52,162917,91],{"class":66},[52,162919,195],{"class":70},[52,162921,10755],{"class":74},[52,162923,186],{"class":70},[52,162925,80],{"class":66},[52,162927,195],{"class":70},[52,162929,16157],{"class":74},[52,162931,186],{"class":70},[52,162933,107],{"class":66},[20,162935,162936,162937,121],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[257,162938,31221],{"href":31220},[1335,162940,162942],{"id":162941},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162944,162945],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[43,162947,162949],{"className":45,"code":162948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162950,162951,162975,162991,162995,163013,163017,163031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162952,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162954,5347],{"class":58},[52,162956,63],{"class":62},[52,162958,755],{"class":66},[52,162960,71],{"class":70},[52,162962,86],{"class":74},[52,162964,71],{"class":70},[52,162966,91],{"class":66},[52,162968,83],{"class":70},[52,162970,36079],{"class":74},[52,162972,71],{"class":70},[52,162974,766],{"class":66},[52,162976,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,162978,5416],{"class":58},[52,162980,63],{"class":62},[52,162982,755],{"class":66},[52,162984,758],{"class":103},[52,162986,91],{"class":66},[52,162988,763],{"class":103},[52,162990,766],{"class":66},[52,162992,162993],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162994,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,162996,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,162998,9568],{"class":58},[52,163000,63],{"class":62},[52,163002,161726],{"class":141},[52,163004,145],{"class":66},[52,163006,5391],{"class":124},[52,163008,91],{"class":66},[52,163010,5463],{"class":124},[52,163012,151],{"class":66},[52,163014,163015],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163016,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163018,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,163020,142],{"class":141},[52,163022,145],{"class":66},[52,163024,8448],{"class":3251},[52,163026,145],{"class":66},[52,163028,9614],{"class":124},[52,163030,2120],{"class":66},[52,163032,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,163034,142],{"class":141},[52,163036,145],{"class":66},[52,163038,8448],{"class":3251},[52,163040,145],{"class":66},[52,163042,9614],{"class":124},[52,163044,2120],{"class":66},[20,163046,173],{},[43,163048,163050],{"className":45,"code":163049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163051,163052,163082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163053,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163055,21870],{"class":66},[52,163057,186],{"class":70},[52,163059,86],{"class":74},[52,163061,186],{"class":70},[52,163063,91],{"class":66},[52,163065,20027],{"class":103},[52,163067,2110],{"class":66},[52,163069,9588],{"class":66},[52,163071,186],{"class":70},[52,163073,36079],{"class":74},[52,163075,186],{"class":70},[52,163077,91],{"class":66},[52,163079,763],{"class":103},[52,163081,9601],{"class":66},[52,163083,163084],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163085,38438],{"class":66},[20,163087,163088],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163090,163091,163092,121],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[257,163093,5489],{"href":5940},[38,163095,41188],{"id":41187},[20,163097,163098,163099,121],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163100,64470],{},[1335,163102,163104],{"id":163103},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[43,163106,163108],{"className":45,"code":163107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163109,163110,163142,163162,163166,163190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163111,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163113,5347],{"class":58},[52,163115,63],{"class":62},[52,163117,755],{"class":66},[52,163119,71],{"class":70},[52,163121,86],{"class":74},[52,163123,71],{"class":70},[52,163125,91],{"class":66},[52,163127,83],{"class":70},[52,163129,36079],{"class":74},[52,163131,71],{"class":70},[52,163133,91],{"class":66},[52,163135,83],{"class":70},[52,163137,36088],{"class":74},[52,163139,71],{"class":70},[52,163141,766],{"class":66},[52,163143,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163145,5416],{"class":58},[52,163147,63],{"class":62},[52,163149,755],{"class":66},[52,163151,758],{"class":103},[52,163153,91],{"class":66},[52,163155,763],{"class":103},[52,163157,91],{"class":66},[52,163159,29053],{"class":103},[52,163161,766],{"class":66},[52,163163,163164],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163165,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163167,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163169,6312],{"class":163},[52,163171,36130],{"class":58},[52,163173,91],{"class":66},[52,163175,5458],{"class":58},[52,163177,4238],{"class":163},[52,163179,161726],{"class":141},[52,163181,145],{"class":66},[52,163183,5391],{"class":124},[52,163185,91],{"class":66},[52,163187,5463],{"class":124},[52,163189,8696],{"class":66},[52,163191,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163193,8423],{"class":141},[52,163195,145],{"class":66},[52,163197,22424],{"class":2413},[52,163199,71],{"class":74},[52,163201,183],{"class":103},[52,163203,75],{"class":124},[52,163205,22433],{"class":103},[52,163207,22436],{"class":74},[52,163209,183],{"class":103},[52,163211,85671],{"class":124},[52,163213,22433],{"class":103},[52,163215,71],{"class":74},[52,163217,151],{"class":66},[1335,163219,163221],{"id":163220},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[43,163223,163225],{"className":45,"code":163224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163226,163227,163259,163283,163287,163309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163228,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163230,17369],{"class":58},[52,163232,63],{"class":62},[52,163234,755],{"class":66},[52,163236,71],{"class":70},[52,163238,2103],{"class":74},[52,163240,71],{"class":70},[52,163242,91],{"class":66},[52,163244,83],{"class":70},[52,163246,75],{"class":74},[52,163248,71],{"class":70},[52,163250,91],{"class":66},[52,163252,83],{"class":70},[52,163254,15947],{"class":74},[52,163256,71],{"class":70},[52,163258,766],{"class":66},[52,163260,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163262,4178],{"class":58},[52,163264,63],{"class":62},[52,163266,755],{"class":66},[52,163268,46737],{"class":103},[52,163270,91],{"class":66},[52,163272,83],{"class":70},[52,163274,86],{"class":74},[52,163276,71],{"class":70},[52,163278,91],{"class":66},[52,163280,4270],{"class":218},[52,163282,766],{"class":66},[52,163284,163285],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163286,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163288,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163290,1815],{"class":58},[52,163292,63],{"class":62},[52,163294,9524],{"class":3251},[52,163296,145],{"class":66},[52,163298,64540],{"class":141},[52,163300,145],{"class":66},[52,163302,17050],{"class":124},[52,163304,91],{"class":66},[52,163306,4241],{"class":124},[52,163308,2120],{"class":66},[52,163310,163311,163313,163315,163317],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163312,142],{"class":141},[52,163314,145],{"class":66},[52,163316,1868],{"class":124},[52,163318,151],{"class":66},[1335,163320,163322],{"id":163321},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[43,163324,163326],{"className":45,"code":163325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163327,163328,163348,163368,163372,163397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163329,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163331,80809],{"class":58},[52,163333,63],{"class":62},[52,163335,755],{"class":66},[52,163337,2679],{"class":103},[52,163339,91],{"class":66},[52,163341,104],{"class":103},[52,163343,91],{"class":66},[52,163345,8148],{"class":103},[52,163347,766],{"class":66},[52,163349,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163351,80830],{"class":58},[52,163353,63],{"class":62},[52,163355,755],{"class":66},[52,163357,2679],{"class":103},[52,163359,91],{"class":66},[52,163361,483],{"class":103},[52,163363,91],{"class":66},[52,163365,8148],{"class":103},[52,163367,766],{"class":66},[52,163369,163370],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163371,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163373,163374,163376,163378,163380,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391,163393,163395],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163375,6312],{"class":163},[52,163377,57036],{"class":58},[52,163379,91],{"class":66},[52,163381,163382],{"class":58}," b ",[52,163384,4238],{"class":163},[52,163386,161726],{"class":141},[52,163388,145],{"class":66},[52,163390,111901],{"class":124},[52,163392,91],{"class":66},[52,163394,80873],{"class":124},[52,163396,8696],{"class":66},[52,163398,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163400,8423],{"class":141},[52,163402,145],{"class":66},[52,163404,2905],{"class":124},[52,163406,5042],{"class":62},[52,163408,2910],{"class":124},[52,163410,151],{"class":66},[20,163412,173],{},[43,163414,163416],{"className":45,"code":163415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163417,163418,163422,163426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163419,163420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163421,1025],{"class":218},[52,163423,163424],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163425,219],{"class":218},[52,163427,163428],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163429,1025],{"class":218},[1335,163431,163433],{"id":163432},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[43,163435,163437],{"className":45,"code":163436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163438,163439,163474,163497,163501,163528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163440,163441,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163461,163463,163465,163467,163470,163472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163442,163443],{"class":58},"products ",[52,163445,63],{"class":62},[52,163447,755],{"class":66},[52,163449,71],{"class":70},[52,163451,25272],{"class":74},[52,163453,71],{"class":70},[52,163455,91],{"class":66},[52,163457,83],{"class":70},[52,163459,163460],{"class":74},"Pen",[52,163462,71],{"class":70},[52,163464,91],{"class":66},[52,163466,83],{"class":70},[52,163468,163469],{"class":74},"Bag",[52,163471,71],{"class":70},[52,163473,766],{"class":66},[52,163475,163476,163478,163480,163482,163485,163487,163490,163492,163495],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163477,83199],{"class":58},[52,163479,63],{"class":62},[52,163481,755],{"class":66},[52,163483,163484],{"class":103},"12.5",[52,163486,91],{"class":66},[52,163488,163489],{"class":103}," 1.2",[52,163491,91],{"class":66},[52,163493,163494],{"class":103}," 25.0",[52,163496,766],{"class":66},[52,163498,163499],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163500,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163502,163503,163505,163507,163509,163512,163514,163516,163518,163521,163523,163526],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163504,6312],{"class":163},[52,163506,25333],{"class":58},[52,163508,91],{"class":66},[52,163510,163511],{"class":58}," price ",[52,163513,4238],{"class":163},[52,163515,161726],{"class":141},[52,163517,145],{"class":66},[52,163519,163520],{"class":124},"products",[52,163522,91],{"class":66},[52,163524,163525],{"class":124}," prices",[52,163527,8696],{"class":66},[52,163529,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163531,8423],{"class":141},[52,163533,145],{"class":66},[52,163535,22424],{"class":2413},[52,163537,71],{"class":74},[52,163539,183],{"class":103},[52,163541,27141],{"class":124},[52,163543,22433],{"class":103},[52,163545,163546],{"class":74}," costs $",[52,163548,183],{"class":103},[52,163550,25281],{"class":124},[52,163552,22433],{"class":103},[52,163554,71],{"class":74},[52,163556,151],{"class":66},[20,163558,36741,163559,121],{},[257,163560,163562],{"href":163561},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[38,163564,163566,163567],{"id":163565},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163568,64470],{},[1335,163570,8807,163572,163574],{"id":163571},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163573,64470],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163576,163577,163579],{},[15,163578,64470],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163581,163582],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[43,163584,163586],{"className":45,"code":163585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163587,163588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163589,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163591,142],{"class":141},[52,163593,145],{"class":66},[52,163595,11505],{"class":141},[52,163597,145],{"class":66},[52,163599,111901],{"class":124},[52,163601,2110],{"class":66},[52,163603,38527],{"class":141},[52,163605,145],{"class":66},[52,163607,81096],{"class":124},[52,163609,2120],{"class":66},[1335,163611,163613],{"id":163612},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163615,68987],{},[43,163617,163619],{"className":45,"code":163618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163620,163621,163657,163661,163674,163684,163688,163700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163622,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163624,9568],{"class":58},[52,163626,63],{"class":62},[52,163628,161726],{"class":141},[52,163630,3336],{"class":66},[52,163632,3339],{"class":103},[52,163634,91],{"class":66},[52,163636,1378],{"class":103},[52,163638,18190],{"class":66},[52,163640,755],{"class":66},[52,163642,71],{"class":70},[52,163644,257],{"class":74},[52,163646,71],{"class":70},[52,163648,91],{"class":66},[52,163650,83],{"class":70},[52,163652,345],{"class":74},[52,163654,71],{"class":70},[52,163656,913],{"class":66},[52,163658,163659],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163660,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163662,163663,163665,163667,163669,163672],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163664,6312],{"class":163},[52,163666,6315],{"class":58},[52,163668,4238],{"class":163},[52,163670,163671],{"class":58}," pairs",[52,163673,6748],{"class":66},[52,163675,163676,163678,163680,163682],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163677,8423],{"class":141},[52,163679,145],{"class":66},[52,163681,23441],{"class":124},[52,163683,151],{"class":66},[52,163685,163686],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163687,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163689,163690,163692,163694,163696,163698],{"class":54,"line":535},[52,163691,6312],{"class":163},[52,163693,6315],{"class":58},[52,163695,4238],{"class":163},[52,163697,163671],{"class":58},[52,163699,6748],{"class":66},[52,163701,163702,163704,163706,163708],{"class":54,"line":555},[52,163703,8423],{"class":141},[52,163705,145],{"class":66},[52,163707,23441],{"class":124},[52,163709,151],{"class":66},[20,163711,163712],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1335,163714,163716],{"id":163715},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163718,163719],{},"This is correct:",[43,163721,163723],{"className":45,"code":163722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163724,163725,163749,163765,163769,163793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163726,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737,163739,163741,163743,163745,163747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163728,5347],{"class":58},[52,163730,63],{"class":62},[52,163732,755],{"class":66},[52,163734,71],{"class":70},[52,163736,86],{"class":74},[52,163738,71],{"class":70},[52,163740,91],{"class":66},[52,163742,83],{"class":70},[52,163744,36079],{"class":74},[52,163746,71],{"class":70},[52,163748,766],{"class":66},[52,163750,163751,163753,163755,163757,163759,163761,163763],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163752,5416],{"class":58},[52,163754,63],{"class":62},[52,163756,755],{"class":66},[52,163758,758],{"class":103},[52,163760,91],{"class":66},[52,163762,763],{"class":103},[52,163764,766],{"class":66},[52,163766,163767],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163768,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163770,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163772,6312],{"class":163},[52,163774,36130],{"class":58},[52,163776,91],{"class":66},[52,163778,5458],{"class":58},[52,163780,4238],{"class":163},[52,163782,161726],{"class":141},[52,163784,145],{"class":66},[52,163786,5391],{"class":124},[52,163788,91],{"class":66},[52,163790,5463],{"class":124},[52,163792,8696],{"class":66},[52,163794,163795,163797,163799,163801,163803,163805],{"class":54,"line":154},[52,163796,8423],{"class":141},[52,163798,145],{"class":66},[52,163800,75],{"class":124},[52,163802,91],{"class":66},[52,163804,131014],{"class":124},[52,163806,151],{"class":66},[20,163808,163809],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[43,163811,163813],{"className":45,"code":163812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163814,163815,163835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163816,163817,163819,163821,163823,163825,163827,163829,163831,163833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163818,6312],{"class":163},[52,163820,6315],{"class":58},[52,163822,4238],{"class":163},[52,163824,161726],{"class":141},[52,163826,145],{"class":66},[52,163828,5391],{"class":124},[52,163830,91],{"class":66},[52,163832,5463],{"class":124},[52,163834,8696],{"class":66},[52,163836,163837,163839,163841,163843],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163838,8423],{"class":141},[52,163840,145],{"class":66},[52,163842,23441],{"class":124},[52,163844,151],{"class":66},[20,163846,173],{},[43,163848,163850],{"className":45,"code":163849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163851,163852,163868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163853,163854,163856,163858,163860,163862,163864,163866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163855,145],{"class":66},[52,163857,186],{"class":70},[52,163859,86],{"class":74},[52,163861,186],{"class":70},[52,163863,91],{"class":66},[52,163865,20027],{"class":103},[52,163867,151],{"class":66},[52,163869,163870,163872,163874,163876,163878,163880,163882],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163871,145],{"class":66},[52,163873,186],{"class":70},[52,163875,36079],{"class":74},[52,163877,186],{"class":70},[52,163879,91],{"class":66},[52,163881,763],{"class":103},[52,163883,151],{"class":66},[20,163885,163886],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1335,163888,1326,163890,163892,163893],{"id":163889},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163891,64470],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163894,35887],{},[20,163896,222,163897,163899],{},[15,163898,64470],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163901,222,163902,163904],{},[15,163903,35887],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[43,163906,163907],{"className":45,"code":36056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,163908,163909,163941,163945,163965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163910,163911,163913,163915,163917,163919,163921,163923,163925,163927,163929,163931,163933,163935,163937,163939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163912,5347],{"class":58},[52,163914,63],{"class":62},[52,163916,755],{"class":66},[52,163918,71],{"class":70},[52,163920,86],{"class":74},[52,163922,71],{"class":70},[52,163924,91],{"class":66},[52,163926,83],{"class":70},[52,163928,36079],{"class":74},[52,163930,71],{"class":70},[52,163932,91],{"class":66},[52,163934,83],{"class":70},[52,163936,36088],{"class":74},[52,163938,71],{"class":70},[52,163940,766],{"class":66},[52,163942,163943],{"class":54,"line":110},[52,163944,135],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":134},[52,163946,163947,163949,163951,163953,163955,163957,163959,163961,163963],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163948,6312],{"class":163},[52,163950,35959],{"class":58},[52,163952,91],{"class":66},[52,163954,36107],{"class":58},[52,163956,4238],{"class":163},[52,163958,35969],{"class":141},[52,163960,145],{"class":66},[52,163962,5391],{"class":124},[52,163964,8696],{"class":66},[52,163966,163967,163969,163971,163973,163975,163977],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163968,8423],{"class":141},[52,163970,145],{"class":66},[52,163972,35984],{"class":124},[52,163974,91],{"class":66},[52,163976,36130],{"class":124},[52,163978,151],{"class":66},[20,163980,163981,163982,121],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[257,163983,3928,163984,3861],{"href":92174},[15,163985,35887],{},[38,163987,2191],{"id":2190},[1335,163989,5495,163991,5498],{"id":163990},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163992,64470],{},[20,163994,163995],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1335,163997,2195,163999,164001],{"id":163998},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164000,64470],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164003,164004],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1335,164006,164008,164009,2221],{"id":164007},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164010,64470],{},[20,164012,164013,164014,121],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164015,162621],{},[1335,164017,164019,164020,2221],{"id":164018},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164021,64470],{},[20,164023,128379,164024,164026],{},[15,164025,162774],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1335,164028,164030],{"id":164029},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164032,164033],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[38,164035,2240],{"id":2239},[234,164037,164038,164043,164049,164053,164057],{},[237,164039,164040],{},[257,164041,164042],{"href":163561},"How to use zip in Python",[237,164044,164045],{},[257,164046,3928,164047,3861],{"href":92174},[15,164048,35887],{},[237,164050,164051],{},[257,164052,5569],{"href":5940},[237,164054,164055],{},[257,164056,69840],{"href":69763},[237,164058,164059],{},[257,164060,32395],{"href":31220},[2278,164062,164063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":110,"depth":110,"links":164065},[164066,164067,164069,164070,164071,164072,164080,164086,164095,164106],{"id":40,"depth":110,"text":41},{"id":161785,"depth":110,"text":164068},"What zip() does",{"id":268,"depth":110,"text":269},{"id":162178,"depth":110,"text":162179},{"id":162355,"depth":110,"text":162356},{"id":162607,"depth":110,"text":164073,"children":164074},"Converting zip() output",[164075,164077,164079],{"id":162618,"depth":131,"text":164076},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162771,"depth":131,"text":164078},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162941,"depth":131,"text":162942},{"id":41187,"depth":110,"text":41188,"children":164081},[164082,164083,164084,164085],{"id":163103,"depth":131,"text":163104},{"id":163220,"depth":131,"text":163221},{"id":163321,"depth":131,"text":163322},{"id":163432,"depth":131,"text":163433},{"id":163565,"depth":110,"text":164087,"children":164088},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164089,164091,164092,164093],{"id":163571,"depth":131,"text":164090},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163612,"depth":131,"text":163613},{"id":163715,"depth":131,"text":163716},{"id":163889,"depth":131,"text":164094},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2190,"depth":110,"text":2191,"children":164096},[164097,164099,164101,164103,164105],{"id":163990,"depth":131,"text":164098},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163998,"depth":131,"text":164100},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164007,"depth":131,"text":164102},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164018,"depth":131,"text":164104},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164029,"depth":131,"text":164030},{"id":2239,"depth":110,"text":2240},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161627,"description":164107},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945132079]