[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164121},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary":3,"nav-reference":2363},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2356,"extension":2357,"meta":2358,"navigation":141,"path":2359,"seo":2360,"stem":2361,"__hash__":2362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2318},"minimark",[9,13,22,36,41,160,165,219,222,226,242,245,250,265,268,302,316,319,331,335,338,348,429,433,486,491,509,512,594,597,601,604,607,633,661,665,674,677,681,690,696,758,762,801,808,814,817,875,879,929,932,938,941,949,952,1001,1008,1018,1021,1024,1072,1076,1081,1084,1185,1189,1242,1245,1302,1305,1309,1312,1326,1330,1396,1400,1425,1428,1432,1511,1515,1518,1521,1541,1544,1600,1604,1607,1610,1624,1626,1719,1726,1729,1740,1744,1747,1767,1771,1774,1783,1786,1826,1830,1832,1841,1850,1852,1890,1894,1942,1946,1967,1971,1974,2089,2094,2193,2217,2221,2225,2232,2236,2242,2246,2249,2253,2256,2266,2274,2278,2311,2314],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[18,19,20],"strong",{},"key-value pairs",". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,23,24,25,30,31,35],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[26,27,29],"a",{"href":28},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained"," or ",[26,32,34],{"href":33},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",".",[37,38,40],"h2",{"id":39},"quick-example","Quick example",[42,43,48],"pre",{"className":44,"code":45,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n","python","",[49,50,51,68,96,114,130,136,143],"code",{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53,56,60,64],"span",{"class":54,"line":55},"line",1,[52,57,59],{"class":58},"su5hD","student ",[52,61,63],{"class":62},"smGrS","=",[52,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E"," {\n",[52,69,71,75,79,82,85,88,91,93],{"class":54,"line":70},2,[52,72,74],{"class":73},"sjJ54","    \"",[52,76,78],{"class":77},"s_sjI","name",[52,80,81],{"class":73},"\"",[52,83,84],{"class":66},":",[52,86,87],{"class":73}," \"",[52,89,90],{"class":77},"Ana",[52,92,81],{"class":73},[52,94,95],{"class":66},",\n",[52,97,99,101,104,106,108,112],{"class":54,"line":98},3,[52,100,74],{"class":73},[52,102,103],{"class":77},"age",[52,105,81],{"class":73},[52,107,84],{"class":66},[52,109,111],{"class":110},"srdBf"," 20",[52,113,95],{"class":66},[52,115,117,119,122,124,126],{"class":54,"line":116},4,[52,118,74],{"class":73},[52,120,121],{"class":77},"is_active",[52,123,81],{"class":73},[52,125,84],{"class":66},[52,127,129],{"class":128},"s39Yj"," True\n",[52,131,133],{"class":54,"line":132},5,[52,134,135],{"class":66},"}\n",[52,137,139],{"class":54,"line":138},6,[52,140,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},true,"\n",[52,144,146,150,153,157],{"class":54,"line":145},7,[52,147,149],{"class":148},"sptTA","print",[52,151,152],{"class":66},"(",[52,154,156],{"class":155},"slqww","student",[52,158,159],{"class":66},")\n",[14,161,162],{},[18,163,164],{},"Output:",[42,166,168],{"className":44,"code":167,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[49,169,170],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,171,172,175,178,180,182,184,187,189,191,194,196,198,200,202,204,206,208,210,212,214,217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,173,174],{"class":66},"{",[52,176,177],{"class":73},"'",[52,179,78],{"class":77},[52,181,177],{"class":73},[52,183,84],{"class":66},[52,185,186],{"class":73}," '",[52,188,90],{"class":77},[52,190,177],{"class":73},[52,192,193],{"class":66},",",[52,195,186],{"class":73},[52,197,103],{"class":77},[52,199,177],{"class":73},[52,201,84],{"class":66},[52,203,111],{"class":110},[52,205,193],{"class":66},[52,207,186],{"class":73},[52,209,121],{"class":77},[52,211,177],{"class":73},[52,213,84],{"class":66},[52,215,216],{"class":128}," True",[52,218,135],{"class":66},[14,220,221],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[37,223,225],{"id":224},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[227,228,229,233,236,239],"ul",{},[230,231,232],"li",{},"What a dictionary is",[230,234,235],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[230,237,238],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[230,240,241],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[37,243,232],{"id":244},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,246,247,248,35],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[18,249,20],{},[227,251,252,259],{},[230,253,254,255,258],{},"A ",[18,256,257],{},"key"," is the label",[230,260,254,261,264],{},[18,262,263],{},"value"," is the data connected to that label",[14,266,267],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[42,269,271],{"className":44,"code":270,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[49,272,273,281,298],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,274,275,277,279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,276,59],{"class":58},[52,278,63],{"class":62},[52,280,67],{"class":66},[52,282,283,285,287,289,291,293,295],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,284,74],{"class":73},[52,286,78],{"class":77},[52,288,81],{"class":73},[52,290,84],{"class":66},[52,292,87],{"class":73},[52,294,90],{"class":77},[52,296,297],{"class":73},"\"\n",[52,299,300],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,301,135],{"class":66},[227,303,304,310],{},[230,305,306,309],{},[49,307,308],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[230,311,312,315],{},[49,313,314],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,317,318],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[227,320,321,323,325,328],{},[230,322,78],{},[230,324,103],{},[230,326,327],{},"email",[230,329,330],{},"country",[37,332,334],{"id":333},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,336,337],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,339,340,341,344,345,35],{},"Use ",[49,342,343],{},"{}"," and write each item as ",[49,346,347],{},"key: value",[42,349,351],{"className":44,"code":350,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[49,352,353,361,379,393,411,415,419],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,354,355,357,359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,356,59],{"class":58},[52,358,63],{"class":62},[52,360,67],{"class":66},[52,362,363,365,367,369,371,373,375,377],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,364,74],{"class":73},[52,366,78],{"class":77},[52,368,81],{"class":73},[52,370,84],{"class":66},[52,372,87],{"class":73},[52,374,90],{"class":77},[52,376,81],{"class":73},[52,378,95],{"class":66},[52,380,381,383,385,387,389,391],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,382,74],{"class":73},[52,384,103],{"class":77},[52,386,81],{"class":73},[52,388,84],{"class":66},[52,390,111],{"class":110},[52,392,95],{"class":66},[52,394,395,397,400,402,404,406,409],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,396,74],{"class":73},[52,398,399],{"class":77},"course",[52,401,81],{"class":73},[52,403,84],{"class":66},[52,405,87],{"class":73},[52,407,408],{"class":77},"Python",[52,410,297],{"class":73},[52,412,413],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,414,135],{"class":66},[52,416,417],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,418,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,420,421,423,425,427],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,422,149],{"class":148},[52,424,152],{"class":66},[52,426,156],{"class":155},[52,428,159],{"class":66},[14,430,431],{},[18,432,164],{},[42,434,436],{"className":44,"code":435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[49,437,438],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,439,440,442,444,446,448,450,452,454,456,458,460,462,464,466,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,441,174],{"class":66},[52,443,177],{"class":73},[52,445,78],{"class":77},[52,447,177],{"class":73},[52,449,84],{"class":66},[52,451,186],{"class":73},[52,453,90],{"class":77},[52,455,177],{"class":73},[52,457,193],{"class":66},[52,459,186],{"class":73},[52,461,103],{"class":77},[52,463,177],{"class":73},[52,465,84],{"class":66},[52,467,111],{"class":110},[52,469,193],{"class":66},[52,471,186],{"class":73},[52,473,399],{"class":77},[52,475,177],{"class":73},[52,477,84],{"class":66},[52,479,186],{"class":73},[52,481,408],{"class":77},[52,483,177],{"class":73},[52,485,135],{"class":66},[487,488,490],"h3",{"id":489},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[227,492,493,498,503,506],{},[230,494,340,495,497],{},[49,496,343],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[230,499,500,501],{},"Write each item as ",[49,502,347],{},[230,504,505],{},"Separate items with commas",[230,507,508],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,510,511],{},"Example:",[42,513,515],{"className":44,"code":514,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[49,516,517,526,546,562,575,579,583],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,518,519,522,524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,520,521],{"class":58},"book ",[52,523,63],{"class":62},[52,525,67],{"class":66},[52,527,528,530,533,535,537,539,542,544],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,529,74],{"class":73},[52,531,532],{"class":77},"title",[52,534,81],{"class":73},[52,536,84],{"class":66},[52,538,87],{"class":73},[52,540,541],{"class":77},"Python Basics",[52,543,81],{"class":73},[52,545,95],{"class":66},[52,547,548,550,553,555,557,560],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,549,74],{"class":73},[52,551,552],{"class":77},"pages",[52,554,81],{"class":73},[52,556,84],{"class":66},[52,558,559],{"class":110}," 150",[52,561,95],{"class":66},[52,563,564,566,569,571,573],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,565,74],{"class":73},[52,567,568],{"class":77},"available",[52,570,81],{"class":73},[52,572,84],{"class":66},[52,574,129],{"class":128},[52,576,577],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,578,135],{"class":66},[52,580,581],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,582,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,584,585,587,589,592],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,586,149],{"class":148},[52,588,152],{"class":66},[52,590,591],{"class":155},"book",[52,593,159],{"class":66},[14,595,596],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[37,598,600],{"id":599},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[14,602,603],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,605,606],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[42,608,610],{"className":44,"code":609,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[49,611,612,622],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,613,614,617,619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,615,616],{"class":58},"data ",[52,618,63],{"class":62},[52,620,621],{"class":66}," {}\n",[52,623,624,626,628,631],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,625,149],{"class":148},[52,627,152],{"class":66},[52,629,630],{"class":155},"data",[52,632,159],{"class":66},[42,634,636],{"className":44,"code":635,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[49,637,638,651],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,639,640,642,644,648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,641,616],{"class":58},[52,643,63],{"class":62},[52,645,647],{"class":646},"sZMiF"," dict",[52,649,650],{"class":66},"()\n",[52,652,653,655,657,659],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,654,149],{"class":148},[52,656,152],{"class":66},[52,658,630],{"class":155},[52,660,159],{"class":66},[14,662,663],{},[18,664,164],{},[42,666,668],{"className":44,"code":667,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{}\n",[49,669,670],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,671,672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,673,667],{"class":66},[14,675,676],{},"Both are correct.",[487,678,680],{"id":679},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,682,683,685,686,689],{},[49,684,343],{}," creates an empty ",[18,687,688],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,691,692,693,35],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[49,694,695],{},"set()",[42,697,699],{"className":44,"code":698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[49,700,701,710,722,726,743],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,702,703,706,708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,704,705],{"class":58},"my_dict ",[52,707,63],{"class":62},[52,709,621],{"class":66},[52,711,712,715,717,720],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,713,714],{"class":58},"my_set ",[52,716,63],{"class":62},[52,718,719],{"class":646}," set",[52,721,650],{"class":66},[52,723,724],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,725,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,727,728,730,732,735,737,740],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,729,149],{"class":148},[52,731,152],{"class":66},[52,733,734],{"class":646},"type",[52,736,152],{"class":66},[52,738,739],{"class":155},"my_dict",[52,741,742],{"class":66},"))\n",[52,744,745,747,749,751,753,756],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,746,149],{"class":148},[52,748,152],{"class":66},[52,750,734],{"class":646},[52,752,152],{"class":66},[52,754,755],{"class":155},"my_set",[52,757,742],{"class":66},[14,759,760],{},[18,761,164],{},[42,763,765],{"className":44,"code":764,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[49,766,767,786],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,768,769,772,776,778,781,783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,770,771],{"class":62},"\u003C",[52,773,775],{"class":774},"sbsja","class",[52,777,186],{"class":73},[52,779,780],{"class":77},"dict",[52,782,177],{"class":73},[52,784,785],{"class":62},">\n",[52,787,788,790,792,794,797,799],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,789,771],{"class":62},[52,791,775],{"class":774},[52,793,186],{"class":73},[52,795,796],{"class":77},"set",[52,798,177],{"class":73},[52,800,785],{"class":62},[37,802,804,805],{"id":803},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[49,806,807],{},"dict()",[14,809,810,811,813],{},"You can also use ",[49,812,807],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,815,816],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[42,818,820],{"className":44,"code":819,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[49,821,822,865],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,823,824,826,828,830,832,835,837,839,841,843,845,848,850,853,855,858,860,863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,825,59],{"class":58},[52,827,63],{"class":62},[52,829,647],{"class":646},[52,831,152],{"class":66},[52,833,78],{"class":834},"s99_P",[52,836,63],{"class":62},[52,838,81],{"class":73},[52,840,90],{"class":77},[52,842,81],{"class":73},[52,844,193],{"class":66},[52,846,847],{"class":834}," age",[52,849,63],{"class":62},[52,851,852],{"class":110},"20",[52,854,193],{"class":66},[52,856,857],{"class":834}," active",[52,859,63],{"class":62},[52,861,862],{"class":128},"True",[52,864,159],{"class":66},[52,866,867,869,871,873],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,868,149],{"class":148},[52,870,152],{"class":66},[52,872,156],{"class":155},[52,874,159],{"class":66},[14,876,877],{},[18,878,164],{},[42,880,882],{"className":44,"code":881,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[49,883,884],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,885,886,888,890,892,894,896,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918,921,923,925,927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,887,174],{"class":66},[52,889,177],{"class":73},[52,891,78],{"class":77},[52,893,177],{"class":73},[52,895,84],{"class":66},[52,897,186],{"class":73},[52,899,90],{"class":77},[52,901,177],{"class":73},[52,903,193],{"class":66},[52,905,186],{"class":73},[52,907,103],{"class":77},[52,909,177],{"class":73},[52,911,84],{"class":66},[52,913,111],{"class":110},[52,915,193],{"class":66},[52,917,186],{"class":73},[52,919,920],{"class":77},"active",[52,922,177],{"class":73},[52,924,84],{"class":66},[52,926,216],{"class":128},[52,928,135],{"class":66},[14,930,931],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[487,933,935,936],{"id":934},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[49,937,807],{},[14,939,940],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[227,942,943,946],{},[230,944,945],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[230,947,948],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,950,951],{},"This works:",[42,953,955],{"className":44,"code":954,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[49,956,957,990],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,958,959,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,977,979,981,983,985,988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,960,961],{"class":58},"user ",[52,963,63],{"class":62},[52,965,647],{"class":646},[52,967,152],{"class":66},[52,969,78],{"class":834},[52,971,63],{"class":62},[52,973,81],{"class":73},[52,975,976],{"class":77},"Sam",[52,978,81],{"class":73},[52,980,193],{"class":66},[52,982,847],{"class":834},[52,984,63],{"class":62},[52,986,987],{"class":110},"25",[52,989,159],{"class":66},[52,991,992,994,996,999],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,993,149],{"class":148},[52,995,152],{"class":66},[52,997,998],{"class":155},"user",[52,1000,159],{"class":66},[14,1002,1003,1004,1007],{},"This does ",[18,1005,1006],{},"not"," work as keyword syntax:",[42,1009,1011],{"className":44,"code":1010,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[49,1012,1013],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1014,1015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1016,1010],{"class":1017},"sutJx",[14,1019,1020],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,1022,1023],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[42,1025,1027],{"className":44,"code":1026,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[49,1028,1029,1037,1054,1058,1062],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1030,1031,1033,1035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1032,961],{"class":58},[52,1034,63],{"class":62},[52,1036,67],{"class":66},[52,1038,1039,1041,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1040,74],{"class":73},[52,1042,1043],{"class":77},"first-name",[52,1045,81],{"class":73},[52,1047,84],{"class":66},[52,1049,87],{"class":73},[52,1051,976],{"class":77},[52,1053,297],{"class":73},[52,1055,1056],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1057,135],{"class":66},[52,1059,1060],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,1061,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1063,1064,1066,1068,1070],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,1065,149],{"class":148},[52,1067,152],{"class":66},[52,1069,998],{"class":155},[52,1071,159],{"class":66},[37,1073,1075],{"id":1074},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[14,1077,1078,1080],{},[49,1079,807],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,1082,1083],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[42,1085,1087],{"className":44,"code":1086,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[49,1088,1089,1152,1156,1171,1175],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1090,1091,1094,1096,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1116,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135,1138,1140,1142,1144,1147,1149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1092,1093],{"class":58},"pairs ",[52,1095,63],{"class":62},[52,1097,1098],{"class":66}," [(",[52,1100,81],{"class":73},[52,1102,78],{"class":77},[52,1104,81],{"class":73},[52,1106,193],{"class":66},[52,1108,87],{"class":73},[52,1110,90],{"class":77},[52,1112,81],{"class":73},[52,1114,1115],{"class":66},"),",[52,1117,1118],{"class":66}," (",[52,1120,81],{"class":73},[52,1122,103],{"class":77},[52,1124,81],{"class":73},[52,1126,193],{"class":66},[52,1128,111],{"class":110},[52,1130,1115],{"class":66},[52,1132,1118],{"class":66},[52,1134,81],{"class":73},[52,1136,1137],{"class":77},"city",[52,1139,81],{"class":73},[52,1141,193],{"class":66},[52,1143,87],{"class":73},[52,1145,1146],{"class":77},"Lima",[52,1148,81],{"class":73},[52,1150,1151],{"class":66},")]\n",[52,1153,1154],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1155,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1157,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1169],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1159,59],{"class":58},[52,1161,63],{"class":62},[52,1163,647],{"class":646},[52,1165,152],{"class":66},[52,1167,1168],{"class":155},"pairs",[52,1170,159],{"class":66},[52,1172,1173],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,1174,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1176,1177,1179,1181,1183],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,1178,149],{"class":148},[52,1180,152],{"class":66},[52,1182,156],{"class":155},[52,1184,159],{"class":66},[14,1186,1187],{},[18,1188,164],{},[42,1190,1192],{"className":44,"code":1191,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[49,1193,1194],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1195,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1197,174],{"class":66},[52,1199,177],{"class":73},[52,1201,78],{"class":77},[52,1203,177],{"class":73},[52,1205,84],{"class":66},[52,1207,186],{"class":73},[52,1209,90],{"class":77},[52,1211,177],{"class":73},[52,1213,193],{"class":66},[52,1215,186],{"class":73},[52,1217,103],{"class":77},[52,1219,177],{"class":73},[52,1221,84],{"class":66},[52,1223,111],{"class":110},[52,1225,193],{"class":66},[52,1227,186],{"class":73},[52,1229,1137],{"class":77},[52,1231,177],{"class":73},[52,1233,84],{"class":66},[52,1235,186],{"class":73},[52,1237,1146],{"class":77},[52,1239,177],{"class":73},[52,1241,135],{"class":66},[14,1243,1244],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[42,1246,1248],{"className":44,"code":1247,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[49,1249,1250,1292],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1251,1252,1254,1256,1258,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1253,59],{"class":58},[52,1255,63],{"class":62},[52,1257,647],{"class":646},[52,1259,1260],{"class":66},"(((",[52,1262,81],{"class":73},[52,1264,78],{"class":77},[52,1266,81],{"class":73},[52,1268,193],{"class":66},[52,1270,87],{"class":73},[52,1272,90],{"class":77},[52,1274,81],{"class":73},[52,1276,1115],{"class":66},[52,1278,1118],{"class":66},[52,1280,81],{"class":73},[52,1282,103],{"class":77},[52,1284,81],{"class":73},[52,1286,193],{"class":66},[52,1288,111],{"class":110},[52,1290,1291],{"class":66},")))\n",[52,1293,1294,1296,1298,1300],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1295,149],{"class":148},[52,1297,152],{"class":66},[52,1299,156],{"class":155},[52,1301,159],{"class":66},[14,1303,1304],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[37,1306,1308],{"id":1307},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,1310,1311],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[227,1313,1314,1317,1320,1323],{},[230,1315,1316],{},"Keys must be unique",[230,1318,1319],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[230,1321,1322],{},"Values can repeat",[230,1324,1325],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[487,1327,1329],{"id":1328},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[42,1331,1333],{"className":44,"code":1332,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[49,1334,1335,1343,1361,1378,1382,1386],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1336,1337,1339,1341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1338,616],{"class":58},[52,1340,63],{"class":62},[52,1342,67],{"class":66},[52,1344,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1346,74],{"class":73},[52,1348,78],{"class":77},[52,1350,81],{"class":73},[52,1352,84],{"class":66},[52,1354,87],{"class":73},[52,1356,90],{"class":77},[52,1358,81],{"class":73},[52,1360,95],{"class":66},[52,1362,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1376],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1364,74],{"class":73},[52,1366,78],{"class":77},[52,1368,81],{"class":73},[52,1370,84],{"class":66},[52,1372,87],{"class":73},[52,1374,1375],{"class":77},"Maria",[52,1377,297],{"class":73},[52,1379,1380],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,1381,135],{"class":66},[52,1383,1384],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,1385,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1387,1388,1390,1392,1394],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1389,149],{"class":148},[52,1391,152],{"class":66},[52,1393,630],{"class":155},[52,1395,159],{"class":66},[14,1397,1398],{},[18,1399,164],{},[42,1401,1403],{"className":44,"code":1402,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[49,1404,1405],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1406,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1408,174],{"class":66},[52,1410,177],{"class":73},[52,1412,78],{"class":77},[52,1414,177],{"class":73},[52,1416,84],{"class":66},[52,1418,186],{"class":73},[52,1420,1375],{"class":77},[52,1422,177],{"class":73},[52,1424,135],{"class":66},[14,1426,1427],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[487,1429,1431],{"id":1430},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[42,1433,1435],{"className":44,"code":1434,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[49,1436,1437,1446,1462,1478,1492,1496,1500],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1438,1439,1442,1444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1440,1441],{"class":58},"scores ",[52,1443,63],{"class":62},[52,1445,67],{"class":66},[52,1447,1448,1451,1453,1455,1458,1460],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1449,1450],{"class":110},"    1",[52,1452,84],{"class":66},[52,1454,87],{"class":73},[52,1456,1457],{"class":77},"low",[52,1459,81],{"class":73},[52,1461,95],{"class":66},[52,1463,1464,1467,1469,1471,1474,1476],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1465,1466],{"class":110},"    2",[52,1468,84],{"class":66},[52,1470,87],{"class":73},[52,1472,1473],{"class":77},"medium",[52,1475,81],{"class":73},[52,1477,95],{"class":66},[52,1479,1480,1483,1485,1487,1490],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,1481,1482],{"class":110},"    3",[52,1484,84],{"class":66},[52,1486,87],{"class":73},[52,1488,1489],{"class":77},"high",[52,1491,297],{"class":73},[52,1493,1494],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,1495,135],{"class":66},[52,1497,1498],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1499,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1501,1502,1504,1506,1509],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,1503,149],{"class":148},[52,1505,152],{"class":66},[52,1507,1508],{"class":155},"scores",[52,1510,159],{"class":66},[487,1512,1514],{"id":1513},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,1516,1517],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,1519,1520],{},"This will cause an error:",[42,1522,1524],{"className":44,"code":1523,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[49,1525,1526,1531,1536],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1527,1528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1529,1530],{"class":1017},"# bad = {\n",[52,1532,1533],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1534,1535],{"class":1017},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[52,1537,1538],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1539,1540],{"class":1017},"# }\n",[14,1542,1543],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[42,1545,1547],{"className":44,"code":1546,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[49,1548,1549,1558,1581,1585,1589],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1550,1551,1554,1556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1552,1553],{"class":58},"good ",[52,1555,63],{"class":62},[52,1557,67],{"class":66},[52,1559,1560,1563,1566,1568,1571,1574,1576,1579],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1561,1562],{"class":66},"    (",[52,1564,1565],{"class":110},"1",[52,1567,193],{"class":66},[52,1569,1570],{"class":110}," 2",[52,1572,1573],{"class":66},"):",[52,1575,87],{"class":73},[52,1577,1578],{"class":77},"numbers",[52,1580,297],{"class":73},[52,1582,1583],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1584,135],{"class":66},[52,1586,1587],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,1588,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1590,1591,1593,1595,1598],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,1592,149],{"class":148},[52,1594,152],{"class":66},[52,1596,1597],{"class":155},"good",[52,1599,159],{"class":66},[37,1601,1603],{"id":1602},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,1605,1606],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,1608,1609],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[227,1611,1612,1615,1618,1621],{},[230,1613,1614],{},"user data",[230,1616,1617],{},"settings",[230,1619,1620],{},"counters",[230,1622,1623],{},"lookups",[14,1625,511],{},[42,1627,1629],{"className":44,"code":1628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[49,1630,1631,1639,1659,1678,1691,1695,1699],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1632,1633,1635,1637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1634,961],{"class":58},[52,1636,63],{"class":62},[52,1638,67],{"class":66},[52,1640,1641,1643,1646,1648,1650,1652,1655,1657],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1642,74],{"class":73},[52,1644,1645],{"class":77},"username",[52,1647,81],{"class":73},[52,1649,84],{"class":66},[52,1651,87],{"class":73},[52,1653,1654],{"class":77},"ana123",[52,1656,81],{"class":73},[52,1658,95],{"class":66},[52,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1674,1676],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,1662,74],{"class":73},[52,1664,327],{"class":77},[52,1666,81],{"class":73},[52,1668,84],{"class":66},[52,1670,87],{"class":73},[52,1672,1673],{"class":77},"ana@example.com",[52,1675,81],{"class":73},[52,1677,95],{"class":66},[52,1679,1680,1682,1685,1687,1689],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,1681,74],{"class":73},[52,1683,1684],{"class":77},"logged_in",[52,1686,81],{"class":73},[52,1688,84],{"class":66},[52,1690,129],{"class":128},[52,1692,1693],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,1694,135],{"class":66},[52,1696,1697],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,1698,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,1700,1701,1703,1705,1707,1710,1712,1714,1716],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,1702,149],{"class":148},[52,1704,152],{"class":66},[52,1706,998],{"class":155},[52,1708,1709],{"class":66},"[",[52,1711,81],{"class":73},[52,1713,327],{"class":77},[52,1715,81],{"class":73},[52,1717,1718],{"class":66},"])\n",[14,1720,1721,1722,35],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[26,1723,1725],{"href":1724},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,1727,1728],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[227,1730,1731,1734,1737],{},[230,1732,1733],{},"labels are not needed",[230,1735,1736],{},"you mostly care about position",[230,1738,1739],{},"order matters more than named fields",[37,1741,1743],{"id":1742},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1745,1746],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[227,1748,1749,1752,1755,1758,1761],{},[230,1750,1751],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[230,1753,1754],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[230,1756,1757],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[230,1759,1760],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[230,1762,1763,1764,1766],{},"Mixing up ",[49,1765,343],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[487,1768,1770],{"id":1769},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,1772,1773],{},"Wrong:",[42,1775,1777],{"className":44,"code":1776,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[49,1778,1779],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1780,1781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1782,1776],{"class":1017},[14,1784,1785],{},"Correct:",[42,1787,1789],{"className":44,"code":1788,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[49,1790,1791,1816],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1792,1793,1795,1797,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1794,59],{"class":58},[52,1796,63],{"class":62},[52,1798,1799],{"class":66}," {",[52,1801,81],{"class":73},[52,1803,78],{"class":77},[52,1805,81],{"class":73},[52,1807,84],{"class":66},[52,1809,87],{"class":73},[52,1811,90],{"class":77},[52,1813,81],{"class":73},[52,1815,135],{"class":66},[52,1817,1818,1820,1822,1824],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1819,149],{"class":148},[52,1821,152],{"class":66},[52,1823,156],{"class":155},[52,1825,159],{"class":66},[487,1827,1829],{"id":1828},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,1831,1773],{},[42,1833,1835],{"className":44,"code":1834,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[49,1836,1837],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1838,1839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1840,1834],{"class":1017},[14,1842,1843,1844,1846,1847,1849],{},"This only works if ",[49,1845,78],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[49,1848,308],{},", use quotes.",[14,1851,1785],{},[42,1853,1854],{"className":44,"code":1788,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,1855,1856,1880],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1857,1858,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870,1872,1874,1876,1878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1859,59],{"class":58},[52,1861,63],{"class":62},[52,1863,1799],{"class":66},[52,1865,81],{"class":73},[52,1867,78],{"class":77},[52,1869,81],{"class":73},[52,1871,84],{"class":66},[52,1873,87],{"class":73},[52,1875,90],{"class":77},[52,1877,81],{"class":73},[52,1879,135],{"class":66},[52,1881,1882,1884,1886,1888],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1883,149],{"class":148},[52,1885,152],{"class":66},[52,1887,156],{"class":155},[52,1889,159],{"class":66},[487,1891,1893],{"id":1892},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[42,1895,1897],{"className":44,"code":1896,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[49,1898,1899,1932],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1900,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1902,616],{"class":58},[52,1904,63],{"class":62},[52,1906,1799],{"class":66},[52,1908,81],{"class":73},[52,1910,103],{"class":77},[52,1912,81],{"class":73},[52,1914,84],{"class":66},[52,1916,111],{"class":110},[52,1918,193],{"class":66},[52,1920,87],{"class":73},[52,1922,103],{"class":77},[52,1924,81],{"class":73},[52,1926,84],{"class":66},[52,1928,1929],{"class":110}," 30",[52,1931,135],{"class":66},[52,1933,1934,1936,1938,1940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,1935,149],{"class":148},[52,1937,152],{"class":66},[52,1939,630],{"class":155},[52,1941,159],{"class":66},[14,1943,1944],{},[18,1945,164],{},[42,1947,1949],{"className":44,"code":1948,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'age': 30}\n",[49,1950,1951],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1952,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963,1965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1954,174],{"class":66},[52,1956,177],{"class":73},[52,1958,103],{"class":77},[52,1960,177],{"class":73},[52,1962,84],{"class":66},[52,1964,1929],{"class":110},[52,1966,135],{"class":66},[37,1968,1970],{"id":1969},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,1972,1973],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[42,1975,1977],{"className":44,"code":1976,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[49,1978,1979,2015,2019,2029,2043,2059,2074],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,1980,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1982,705],{"class":58},[52,1984,63],{"class":62},[52,1986,1799],{"class":66},[52,1988,81],{"class":73},[52,1990,78],{"class":77},[52,1992,81],{"class":73},[52,1994,84],{"class":66},[52,1996,87],{"class":73},[52,1998,90],{"class":77},[52,2000,81],{"class":73},[52,2002,193],{"class":66},[52,2004,87],{"class":73},[52,2006,103],{"class":77},[52,2008,81],{"class":73},[52,2010,84],{"class":66},[52,2012,111],{"class":110},[52,2014,135],{"class":66},[52,2016,2017],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2018,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,2020,2021,2023,2025,2027],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2022,149],{"class":148},[52,2024,152],{"class":66},[52,2026,739],{"class":155},[52,2028,159],{"class":66},[52,2030,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,2032,149],{"class":148},[52,2034,152],{"class":66},[52,2036,734],{"class":646},[52,2038,152],{"class":66},[52,2040,739],{"class":155},[52,2042,742],{"class":66},[52,2044,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2056],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,2046,149],{"class":148},[52,2048,152],{"class":66},[52,2050,739],{"class":155},[52,2052,35],{"class":66},[52,2054,2055],{"class":155},"keys",[52,2057,2058],{"class":66},"())\n",[52,2060,2061,2063,2065,2067,2069,2072],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,2062,149],{"class":148},[52,2064,152],{"class":66},[52,2066,739],{"class":155},[52,2068,35],{"class":66},[52,2070,2071],{"class":155},"values",[52,2073,2058],{"class":66},[52,2075,2076,2078,2080,2083,2085,2087],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,2077,149],{"class":148},[52,2079,152],{"class":66},[52,2081,2082],{"class":148},"len",[52,2084,152],{"class":66},[52,2086,739],{"class":155},[52,2088,742],{"class":66},[14,2090,2091],{},[18,2092,2093],{},"Example output:",[42,2095,2097],{"className":44,"code":2096,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[49,2098,2099,2131,2145,2169,2188],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2100,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2102,174],{"class":66},[52,2104,177],{"class":73},[52,2106,78],{"class":77},[52,2108,177],{"class":73},[52,2110,84],{"class":66},[52,2112,186],{"class":73},[52,2114,90],{"class":77},[52,2116,177],{"class":73},[52,2118,193],{"class":66},[52,2120,186],{"class":73},[52,2122,103],{"class":77},[52,2124,177],{"class":73},[52,2126,84],{"class":66},[52,2128,111],{"class":110},[52,2130,135],{"class":66},[52,2132,2133,2135,2137,2139,2141,2143],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2134,771],{"class":62},[52,2136,775],{"class":774},[52,2138,186],{"class":73},[52,2140,780],{"class":77},[52,2142,177],{"class":73},[52,2144,785],{"class":62},[52,2146,2147,2150,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2148,2149],{"class":155},"dict_keys",[52,2151,2152],{"class":66},"([",[52,2154,177],{"class":73},[52,2156,78],{"class":77},[52,2158,177],{"class":73},[52,2160,193],{"class":66},[52,2162,186],{"class":73},[52,2164,103],{"class":77},[52,2166,177],{"class":73},[52,2168,1718],{"class":66},[52,2170,2171,2174,2176,2178,2180,2182,2184,2186],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,2172,2173],{"class":155},"dict_values",[52,2175,2152],{"class":66},[52,2177,177],{"class":73},[52,2179,90],{"class":77},[52,2181,177],{"class":73},[52,2183,193],{"class":66},[52,2185,111],{"class":110},[52,2187,1718],{"class":66},[52,2189,2190],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,2191,2192],{"class":110},"2\n",[14,2194,2195,2196,2203,2204,2210,2211,35],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[26,2197,2199,2200],{"href":2198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[49,2201,2202],{},"keys()",", ",[26,2205,2199,2207],{"href":2206},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[49,2208,2209],{},"values()",", and ",[26,2212,2199,2214],{"href":2213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[49,2215,2216],{},"items()",[37,2218,2220],{"id":2219},"faq","FAQ",[487,2222,2224],{"id":2223},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,2226,340,2227,30,2229,2231],{},[49,2228,343],{},[49,2230,807],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[487,2233,2235],{"id":2234},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,2237,2238,2239,35],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[49,2240,2241],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[487,2243,2245],{"id":2244},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,2247,2248],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[487,2250,2252],{"id":2251},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,2254,2255],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[487,2257,2259,2260,2262,2263,2265],{"id":2258},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict","What is the difference between ",[49,2261,343],{}," and ",[49,2264,807],{},"?",[14,2267,2268,2270,2271,2273],{},[49,2269,343],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[49,2272,807],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[37,2275,2277],{"id":2276},"see-also","See also",[227,2279,2280,2284,2293,2299,2305],{},[230,2281,2282],{},[26,2283,29],{"href":28},[230,2285,2286],{},[26,2287,2199,2289,2292],{"href":2288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[49,2290,2291],{},"get()"," method",[230,2294,2295],{},[26,2296,2298],{"href":2297},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[230,2300,2301],{},[26,2302,2304],{"href":2303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[230,2306,2307],{},[26,2308,2310],{"href":2309},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[14,2312,2313],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2315,2316,2317],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":2319},[2320,2321,2322,2323,2326,2329,2334,2335,2340,2341,2346,2347,2355],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":244,"depth":70,"text":232},{"id":333,"depth":70,"text":334,"children":2324},[2325],{"id":489,"depth":98,"text":490},{"id":599,"depth":70,"text":600,"children":2327},[2328],{"id":679,"depth":98,"text":680},{"id":803,"depth":70,"text":2330,"children":2331},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[2332],{"id":934,"depth":98,"text":2333},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":1074,"depth":70,"text":1075},{"id":1307,"depth":70,"text":1308,"children":2336},[2337,2338,2339],{"id":1328,"depth":98,"text":1329},{"id":1430,"depth":98,"text":1431},{"id":1513,"depth":98,"text":1514},{"id":1602,"depth":70,"text":1603},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":2342},[2343,2344,2345],{"id":1769,"depth":98,"text":1770},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":1892,"depth":98,"text":1893},{"id":1969,"depth":70,"text":1970},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":2348},[2349,2350,2351,2352,2353],{"id":2223,"depth":98,"text":2224},{"id":2234,"depth":98,"text":2235},{"id":2244,"depth":98,"text":2245},{"id":2251,"depth":98,"text":2252},{"id":2258,"depth":98,"text":2354},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",{"title":5,"description":2356},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",[2364,3961,5674,7370,9506,11672,13185,15357,17343,19803,21642,24208,26307,28589,30537,32448,34445,35885,37714,40239,42401,43630,45001,46649,48970,50814,52796,54490,55743,57437,59188,61160,62910,65010,66370,68321,69884,71875,73670,75570,78012,80090,82730,84759,86722,88910,90914,93227,94909,96354,97548,98726,100566,103006,104710,106725,108249,109494,110657,112039,114110,116007,117781,119647,121766,123506,124968,126562,128485,130162,132097,133586,136370,137947,139506,141534,143486,144949,146138,148024,149435,151131,152685,154107,155510,157408,159802,161633],{"id":2365,"title":2366,"body":2367,"description":3955,"extension":2357,"meta":3956,"navigation":141,"path":3957,"seo":3958,"stem":3959,"__hash__":3960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2368,"toc":3927},[2369,2372,2379,2382,2393,2396,2398,2463,2465,2485,2490,2494,2499,2502,2518,2521,2547,2550,2554,2557,2573,2576,2602,2604,2664,2666,2681,2691,2702,2706,2709,2763,2765,2785,2788,2812,2819,2823,2828,2834,2836,2874,2876,2885,2891,2909,2912,2924,2928,2933,2937,2940,2961,2963,3021,3023,3031,3034,3038,3070,3072,3080,3083,3087,3092,3140,3142,3150,3154,3214,3216,3224,3227,3229,3233,3236,3259,3268,3283,3333,3335,3350,3361,3365,3368,3396,3403,3407,3412,3453,3455,3466,3469,3512,3514,3522,3526,3531,3553,3555,3564,3573,3577,3582,3604,3606,3676,3678,3725,3728,3731,3734,3813,3815,3846,3848,3852,3855,3859,3862,3866,3869,3873,3885,3889,3892,3894,3924],[10,2370,2366],{"id":2371},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2373,2374,2375,2378],{},"The ",[49,2376,2377],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2380,2381],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[227,2383,2384,2387,2390],{},[230,2385,2386],{},"a number without its negative sign",[230,2388,2389],{},"the distance between two numbers",[230,2391,2392],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2394,2395],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[37,2397,40],{"id":39},[42,2399,2401],{"className":44,"code":2400,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[49,2402,2403,2422,2437],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2404,2405,2407,2409,2412,2414,2417,2420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2406,149],{"class":148},[52,2408,152],{"class":66},[52,2410,2411],{"class":148},"abs",[52,2413,152],{"class":66},[52,2415,2416],{"class":62},"-",[52,2418,2419],{"class":110},"7",[52,2421,742],{"class":66},[52,2423,2424,2426,2428,2430,2432,2435],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2425,149],{"class":148},[52,2427,152],{"class":66},[52,2429,2411],{"class":148},[52,2431,152],{"class":66},[52,2433,2434],{"class":110},"3.5",[52,2436,742],{"class":66},[52,2438,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449,2452,2455,2458,2461],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2440,149],{"class":148},[52,2442,152],{"class":66},[52,2444,2411],{"class":148},[52,2446,152],{"class":66},[52,2448,2416],{"class":62},[52,2450,2451],{"class":110},"2",[52,2453,2454],{"class":62},"+",[52,2456,2457],{"class":110},"3",[52,2459,2460],{"class":774},"j",[52,2462,742],{"class":66},[14,2464,164],{},[42,2466,2468],{"className":44,"code":2467,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[49,2469,2470,2475,2480],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2471,2472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2473,2474],{"class":110},"7\n",[52,2476,2477],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2478,2479],{"class":110},"3.5\n",[52,2481,2482],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2483,2484],{"class":110},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2486,340,2487,2489],{},[49,2488,2377],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[37,2491,2493],{"id":2492},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2495,2496,2498],{},[49,2497,2377],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2500,2501],{},"That means:",[227,2503,2504,2507,2510],{},[230,2505,2506],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[230,2508,2509],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[230,2511,2512,2515,2516],{},[49,2513,2514],{},"0"," stays ",[49,2517,2514],{},[14,2519,2520],{},"Examples:",[227,2522,2523,2532,2540],{},[230,2524,2525,2528,2529],{},[49,2526,2527],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[49,2530,2531],{},"5",[230,2533,2534,2528,2537],{},[49,2535,2536],{},"abs(9)",[49,2538,2539],{},"9",[230,2541,2542,2528,2545],{},[49,2543,2544],{},"abs(0)",[49,2546,2514],{},[14,2548,2549],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[37,2551,2553],{"id":2552},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2555,2556],{},"The syntax is:",[42,2558,2560],{"className":44,"code":2559,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"abs(x)\n",[49,2561,2562],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2563,2564,2566,2568,2571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2565,2411],{"class":148},[52,2567,152],{"class":66},[52,2569,2570],{"class":155},"x",[52,2572,159],{"class":66},[14,2574,2575],{},"Here:",[227,2577,2578,2594,2599],{},[230,2579,2580,2582,2583,2203,2586,2589,2590,2593],{},[49,2581,2570],{}," is usually an ",[49,2584,2585],{},"int",[49,2587,2588],{},"float",", or ",[49,2591,2592],{},"complex"," number",[230,2595,2596,2598],{},[49,2597,2377],{}," returns a new value",[230,2600,2601],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2603,511],{},[42,2605,2607],{"className":44,"code":2606,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[49,2608,2609,2622,2639,2643,2653],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2610,2611,2614,2616,2619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2612,2613],{"class":58},"number ",[52,2615,63],{"class":62},[52,2617,2618],{"class":62}," -",[52,2620,2621],{"class":110},"12\n",[52,2623,2624,2627,2629,2632,2634,2637],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2625,2626],{"class":58},"result ",[52,2628,63],{"class":62},[52,2630,2631],{"class":148}," abs",[52,2633,152],{"class":66},[52,2635,2636],{"class":155},"number",[52,2638,159],{"class":66},[52,2640,2641],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2642,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,2644,2645,2647,2649,2651],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,2646,149],{"class":148},[52,2648,152],{"class":66},[52,2650,2636],{"class":155},[52,2652,159],{"class":66},[52,2654,2655,2657,2659,2662],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,2656,149],{"class":148},[52,2658,152],{"class":66},[52,2660,2661],{"class":155},"result",[52,2663,159],{"class":66},[14,2665,164],{},[42,2667,2669],{"className":44,"code":2668,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"-12\n12\n",[49,2670,2671,2677],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2672,2673,2675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2674,2416],{"class":62},[52,2676,2621],{"class":110},[52,2678,2679],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2680,2621],{"class":110},[14,2682,2683,2684,2686,2687,2690],{},"Notice that ",[49,2685,2636],{}," is still ",[49,2688,2689],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2692,2693,2694,2701],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[26,2695,2697,2700],{"href":2696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[49,2698,2699],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[37,2703,2705],{"id":2704},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2707,2708],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[42,2710,2712],{"className":44,"code":2711,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[49,2713,2714,2731,2746],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2715,2716,2718,2720,2722,2724,2726,2729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2717,149],{"class":148},[52,2719,152],{"class":66},[52,2721,2411],{"class":148},[52,2723,152],{"class":66},[52,2725,2416],{"class":62},[52,2727,2728],{"class":110},"10",[52,2730,742],{"class":66},[52,2732,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2744],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2734,149],{"class":148},[52,2736,152],{"class":66},[52,2738,2411],{"class":148},[52,2740,152],{"class":66},[52,2742,2743],{"class":110},"8",[52,2745,742],{"class":66},[52,2747,2748,2750,2752,2754,2756,2758,2761],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2749,149],{"class":148},[52,2751,152],{"class":66},[52,2753,2411],{"class":148},[52,2755,152],{"class":66},[52,2757,2416],{"class":62},[52,2759,2760],{"class":110},"4.2",[52,2762,742],{"class":66},[14,2764,164],{},[42,2766,2768],{"className":44,"code":2767,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[49,2769,2770,2775,2780],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2771,2772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2773,2774],{"class":110},"10\n",[52,2776,2777],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2778,2779],{"class":110},"8\n",[52,2781,2782],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2783,2784],{"class":110},"4.2\n",[14,2786,2787],{},"What each line does:",[227,2789,2790,2798,2805],{},[230,2791,2792,2795,2796],{},[49,2793,2794],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[49,2797,2728],{},[230,2799,2800,2795,2803],{},[49,2801,2802],{},"abs(8)",[49,2804,2743],{},[230,2806,2807,2795,2810],{},[49,2808,2809],{},"abs(-4.2)",[49,2811,2760],{},[14,2813,2814,2815,35],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[26,2816,2818],{"href":2817},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[37,2820,2822],{"id":2821},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2824,2825,2827],{},[49,2826,2377],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2829,2830,2831,2833],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[49,2832,2514],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2835,511],{},[42,2837,2839],{"className":44,"code":2838,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[49,2840,2841,2860],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2842,2843,2846,2848,2851,2854,2857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2844,2845],{"class":58},"value ",[52,2847,63],{"class":62},[52,2849,2850],{"class":110}," 3",[52,2852,2853],{"class":62}," +",[52,2855,2856],{"class":110}," 4",[52,2858,2859],{"class":774},"j\n",[52,2861,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2863,149],{"class":148},[52,2865,152],{"class":66},[52,2867,2411],{"class":148},[52,2869,152],{"class":66},[52,2871,263],{"class":155},[52,2873,742],{"class":66},[14,2875,164],{},[42,2877,2879],{"className":44,"code":2878,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5.0\n",[49,2880,2881],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2882,2883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2884,2878],{"class":110},[14,2886,2887,2888,2265],{},"Why ",[49,2889,2890],{},"5.0",[227,2892,2893,2898,2904],{},[230,2894,2895,2896],{},"the real part is ",[49,2897,2457],{},[230,2899,2900,2901],{},"the imaginary part is ",[49,2902,2903],{},"4",[230,2905,2906,2907],{},"the magnitude is ",[49,2908,2890],{},[14,2910,2911],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[227,2913,2914,2921],{},[230,2915,2916,2918,2919],{},[49,2917,2377],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[49,2920,2588],{},[230,2922,2923],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[37,2925,2927],{"id":2926},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2929,2930,2931,35],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[49,2932,2377],{},[487,2934,2936],{"id":2935},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2938,2939],{},"A very common pattern is:",[42,2941,2943],{"className":44,"code":2942,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"abs(a - b)\n",[49,2944,2945],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2946,2947,2949,2951,2954,2956,2959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2948,2411],{"class":148},[52,2950,152],{"class":66},[52,2952,2953],{"class":155},"a ",[52,2955,2416],{"class":62},[52,2957,2958],{"class":155}," b",[52,2960,159],{"class":66},[14,2962,511],{},[42,2964,2966],{"className":44,"code":2965,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[49,2967,2968,2977,2987,2991,3010],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,2969,2970,2972,2974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2971,2953],{"class":58},[52,2973,63],{"class":62},[52,2975,2976],{"class":110}," 3\n",[52,2978,2979,2982,2984],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,2980,2981],{"class":58},"b ",[52,2983,63],{"class":62},[52,2985,2986],{"class":110}," 10\n",[52,2988,2989],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,2990,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,2992,2993,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,2994,2995],{"class":58},"distance ",[52,2997,63],{"class":62},[52,2999,2631],{"class":148},[52,3001,152],{"class":66},[52,3003,2953],{"class":155},[52,3005,2416],{"class":62},[52,3007,2958],{"class":155},[52,3009,159],{"class":66},[52,3011,3012,3014,3016,3019],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,3013,149],{"class":148},[52,3015,152],{"class":66},[52,3017,3018],{"class":155},"distance",[52,3020,159],{"class":66},[14,3022,164],{},[42,3024,3025],{"className":44,"code":2474,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,3026,3027],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3028,3029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3030,2474],{"class":110},[14,3032,3033],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[487,3035,3037],{"id":3036},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[42,3039,3041],{"className":44,"code":3040,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[49,3042,3043,3055],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3044,3045,3048,3050,3052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3046,3047],{"class":58},"temperature_change ",[52,3049,63],{"class":62},[52,3051,2618],{"class":62},[52,3053,3054],{"class":110},"6\n",[52,3056,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3068],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3058,149],{"class":148},[52,3060,152],{"class":66},[52,3062,2411],{"class":148},[52,3064,152],{"class":66},[52,3066,3067],{"class":155},"temperature_change",[52,3069,742],{"class":66},[14,3071,164],{},[42,3073,3074],{"className":44,"code":3054,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,3075,3076],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3077,3078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3079,3054],{"class":110},[14,3081,3082],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[487,3084,3086],{"id":3085},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,3088,3089,3090,2701],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[49,3091,2377],{},[42,3093,3095],{"className":44,"code":3094,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[49,3096,3097,3109,3125,3129],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3098,3099,3102,3104,3106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3100,3101],{"class":58},"balance_change ",[52,3103,63],{"class":62},[52,3105,2618],{"class":62},[52,3107,3108],{"class":110},"25\n",[52,3110,3111,3114,3116,3118,3120,3123],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3112,3113],{"class":58},"safe_value ",[52,3115,63],{"class":62},[52,3117,2631],{"class":148},[52,3119,152],{"class":66},[52,3121,3122],{"class":155},"balance_change",[52,3124,159],{"class":66},[52,3126,3127],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3128,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,3130,3131,3133,3135,3138],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,3132,149],{"class":148},[52,3134,152],{"class":66},[52,3136,3137],{"class":155},"safe_value",[52,3139,159],{"class":66},[14,3141,164],{},[42,3143,3144],{"className":44,"code":3108,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,3145,3146],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3147,3148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3149,3108],{"class":110},[487,3151,3153],{"id":3152},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[42,3155,3157],{"className":44,"code":3156,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[49,3158,3159,3169,3179,3183,3203],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3160,3161,3164,3166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3162,3163],{"class":58},"guess ",[52,3165,63],{"class":62},[52,3167,3168],{"class":110}," 42\n",[52,3170,3171,3174,3176],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3172,3173],{"class":58},"target ",[52,3175,63],{"class":62},[52,3177,3178],{"class":110}," 50\n",[52,3180,3181],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3182,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,3184,3185,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198,3201],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,3186,3187],{"class":58},"difference ",[52,3189,63],{"class":62},[52,3191,2631],{"class":148},[52,3193,152],{"class":66},[52,3195,3163],{"class":155},[52,3197,2416],{"class":62},[52,3199,3200],{"class":155}," target",[52,3202,159],{"class":66},[52,3204,3205,3207,3209,3212],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,3206,149],{"class":148},[52,3208,152],{"class":66},[52,3210,3211],{"class":155},"difference",[52,3213,159],{"class":66},[14,3215,164],{},[42,3217,3218],{"className":44,"code":2779,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,3219,3220],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3221,3222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3223,2779],{"class":110},[14,3225,3226],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[37,3228,1743],{"id":1742},[487,3230,3232],{"id":3231},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3234,3235],{},"This causes an error:",[42,3237,3239],{"className":44,"code":3238,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[49,3240,3241],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3242,3243,3245,3247,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3244,149],{"class":148},[52,3246,152],{"class":66},[52,3248,2411],{"class":148},[52,3250,152],{"class":66},[52,3252,81],{"class":73},[52,3254,2531],{"class":77},[52,3256,81],{"class":73},[52,3258,742],{"class":66},[14,3260,3261,3264,3265,3267],{},[49,3262,3263],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[49,3266,2377],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3269,3270,3271,30,3277,84],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[26,3272,3274],{"href":3273},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[49,3275,3276],{},"int()",[26,3278,3280],{"href":3279},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[49,3281,3282],{},"float()",[42,3284,3286],{"className":44,"code":3285,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[49,3287,3288,3310],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3289,3290,3292,3294,3296,3298,3300,3302,3304,3306,3308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3291,149],{"class":148},[52,3293,152],{"class":66},[52,3295,2411],{"class":148},[52,3297,152],{"class":66},[52,3299,2585],{"class":646},[52,3301,152],{"class":66},[52,3303,81],{"class":73},[52,3305,2531],{"class":77},[52,3307,81],{"class":73},[52,3309,1291],{"class":66},[52,3311,3312,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3329,3331],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3313,149],{"class":148},[52,3315,152],{"class":66},[52,3317,2411],{"class":148},[52,3319,152],{"class":66},[52,3321,2588],{"class":646},[52,3323,152],{"class":66},[52,3325,81],{"class":73},[52,3327,3328],{"class":77},"-3.2",[52,3330,81],{"class":73},[52,3332,1291],{"class":66},[14,3334,164],{},[42,3336,3338],{"className":44,"code":3337,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5\n3.2\n",[49,3339,3340,3345],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3341,3342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3343,3344],{"class":110},"5\n",[52,3346,3347],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3348,3349],{"class":110},"3.2\n",[14,3351,3352,3353,3356,3357,35],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[49,3354,3355],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[26,3358,3360],{"href":3359},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[487,3362,3364],{"id":3363},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3366,3367],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[42,3369,3371],{"className":44,"code":3370,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[49,3372,3373],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3374,3375,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3376,149],{"class":148},[52,3378,152],{"class":66},[52,3380,2411],{"class":148},[52,3382,2152],{"class":66},[52,3384,1565],{"class":110},[52,3386,193],{"class":66},[52,3388,1570],{"class":110},[52,3390,193],{"class":66},[52,3392,2850],{"class":110},[52,3394,3395],{"class":66},"]))\n",[14,3397,3398,3399,3402],{},"This raises a ",[49,3400,3401],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[487,3404,3406],{"id":3405},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3408,3409,3411],{},[49,3410,2377],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[42,3413,3415],{"className":44,"code":3414,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[49,3416,3417,3429,3439,3443],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3418,3419,3422,3424,3426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3420,3421],{"class":58},"x ",[52,3423,63],{"class":62},[52,3425,2618],{"class":62},[52,3427,3428],{"class":110},"9\n",[52,3430,3431,3433,3435,3437],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3432,2411],{"class":148},[52,3434,152],{"class":66},[52,3436,2570],{"class":155},[52,3438,159],{"class":66},[52,3440,3441],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3442,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,3444,3445,3447,3449,3451],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,3446,149],{"class":148},[52,3448,152],{"class":66},[52,3450,2570],{"class":155},[52,3452,159],{"class":66},[14,3454,164],{},[42,3456,3458],{"className":44,"code":3457,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"-9\n",[49,3459,3460],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3461,3462,3464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3463,2416],{"class":62},[52,3465,3428],{"class":110},[14,3467,3468],{},"If you want to store the result:",[42,3470,3472],{"className":44,"code":3471,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[49,3473,3474,3484,3498,3502],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3475,3476,3478,3480,3482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3477,3421],{"class":58},[52,3479,63],{"class":62},[52,3481,2618],{"class":62},[52,3483,3428],{"class":110},[52,3485,3486,3488,3490,3492,3494,3496],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3487,3421],{"class":58},[52,3489,63],{"class":62},[52,3491,2631],{"class":148},[52,3493,152],{"class":66},[52,3495,2570],{"class":155},[52,3497,159],{"class":66},[52,3499,3500],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3501,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,3503,3504,3506,3508,3510],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,3505,149],{"class":148},[52,3507,152],{"class":66},[52,3509,2570],{"class":155},[52,3511,159],{"class":66},[14,3513,164],{},[42,3515,3516],{"className":44,"code":3428,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,3517,3518],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3519,3520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3521,3428],{"class":110},[487,3523,3525],{"id":3524},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3527,3528,3530],{},[49,3529,2377],{}," does not round numbers.",[42,3532,3534],{"className":44,"code":3533,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[49,3535,3536],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3537,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3539,149],{"class":148},[52,3541,152],{"class":66},[52,3543,2411],{"class":148},[52,3545,152],{"class":66},[52,3547,2416],{"class":62},[52,3549,3550],{"class":110},"4.7",[52,3552,742],{"class":66},[14,3554,164],{},[42,3556,3558],{"className":44,"code":3557,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"4.7\n",[49,3559,3560],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3561,3562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3563,3557],{"class":110},[14,3565,3566,3567,3569,3570,3572],{},"If you expected ",[49,3568,2531],{},", that is a different operation. ",[49,3571,2377],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[37,3574,3576],{"id":3575},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3578,3579,3581],{},[49,3580,2377],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[227,3583,3584,3591,3598],{},[230,3585,3586,3588,3589],{},[49,3587,2585],{}," input → returns an ",[49,3590,2585],{},[230,3592,3593,3595,3596],{},[49,3594,2588],{}," input → returns a ",[49,3597,2588],{},[230,3599,3600,3595,3602],{},[49,3601,2592],{},[49,3603,2588],{},[14,3605,511],{},[42,3607,3609],{"className":44,"code":3608,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[49,3610,3611,3631,3652],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3612,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3614,149],{"class":148},[52,3616,152],{"class":66},[52,3618,734],{"class":646},[52,3620,152],{"class":66},[52,3622,2411],{"class":148},[52,3624,152],{"class":66},[52,3626,2416],{"class":62},[52,3628,2531],{"class":110},[52,3630,1291],{"class":66},[52,3632,3633,3635,3637,3639,3641,3643,3645,3647,3650],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3634,149],{"class":148},[52,3636,152],{"class":66},[52,3638,734],{"class":646},[52,3640,152],{"class":66},[52,3642,2411],{"class":148},[52,3644,152],{"class":66},[52,3646,2416],{"class":62},[52,3648,3649],{"class":110},"3.2",[52,3651,1291],{"class":66},[52,3653,3654,3656,3658,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3655,149],{"class":148},[52,3657,152],{"class":66},[52,3659,734],{"class":646},[52,3661,152],{"class":66},[52,3663,2411],{"class":148},[52,3665,152],{"class":66},[52,3667,2457],{"class":110},[52,3669,2853],{"class":62},[52,3671,2856],{"class":110},[52,3673,2460],{"class":774},[52,3675,1291],{"class":66},[14,3677,164],{},[42,3679,3681],{"className":44,"code":3680,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[49,3682,3683,3697,3711],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3684,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693,3695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3686,771],{"class":62},[52,3688,775],{"class":774},[52,3690,186],{"class":73},[52,3692,2585],{"class":77},[52,3694,177],{"class":73},[52,3696,785],{"class":62},[52,3698,3699,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3700,771],{"class":62},[52,3702,775],{"class":774},[52,3704,186],{"class":73},[52,3706,2588],{"class":77},[52,3708,177],{"class":73},[52,3710,785],{"class":62},[52,3712,3713,3715,3717,3719,3721,3723],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3714,771],{"class":62},[52,3716,775],{"class":774},[52,3718,186],{"class":73},[52,3720,2588],{"class":77},[52,3722,177],{"class":73},[52,3724,785],{"class":62},[14,3726,3727],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3729,3730],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3732,3733],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[42,3735,3737],{"className":44,"code":3736,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[49,3738,3739,3752,3762,3776,3780,3794],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3740,3741,3743,3745,3747,3750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3742,2845],{"class":58},[52,3744,63],{"class":62},[52,3746,87],{"class":73},[52,3748,3749],{"class":77},"-5",[52,3751,297],{"class":73},[52,3753,3754,3756,3758,3760],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3755,149],{"class":148},[52,3757,152],{"class":66},[52,3759,263],{"class":155},[52,3761,159],{"class":66},[52,3763,3764,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3765,149],{"class":148},[52,3767,152],{"class":66},[52,3769,734],{"class":646},[52,3771,152],{"class":66},[52,3773,263],{"class":155},[52,3775,742],{"class":66},[52,3777,3778],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,3779,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,3781,3782,3785,3787,3789,3792],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,3783,3784],{"class":58},"user_input ",[52,3786,63],{"class":62},[52,3788,87],{"class":73},[52,3790,3791],{"class":77},"-3.7",[52,3793,297],{"class":73},[52,3795,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3811],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,3797,149],{"class":148},[52,3799,152],{"class":66},[52,3801,2411],{"class":148},[52,3803,152],{"class":66},[52,3805,2588],{"class":646},[52,3807,152],{"class":66},[52,3809,3810],{"class":155},"user_input",[52,3812,1291],{"class":66},[14,3814,164],{},[42,3816,3818],{"className":44,"code":3817,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[49,3819,3820,3826,3841],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,3821,3822,3824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3823,2416],{"class":62},[52,3825,3344],{"class":110},[52,3827,3828,3830,3832,3834,3837,3839],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,3829,771],{"class":62},[52,3831,775],{"class":774},[52,3833,186],{"class":73},[52,3835,3836],{"class":77},"str",[52,3838,177],{"class":73},[52,3840,785],{"class":62},[52,3842,3843],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,3844,3845],{"class":110},"3.7\n",[37,3847,2220],{"id":2219},[487,3849,3851],{"id":3850},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3853,3854],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[487,3856,3858],{"id":3857},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3860,3861],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[487,3863,3865],{"id":3864},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3867,3868],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[487,3870,3872],{"id":3871},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3874,3875,3877,3878,30,3880,3882,3883,35],{},[49,3876,3355],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[49,3879,3276],{},[49,3881,3282],{}," before using ",[49,3884,2377],{},[487,3886,3888],{"id":3887},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3890,3891],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[37,3893,2277],{"id":2276},[227,3895,3896,3903,3909,3915,3920],{},[230,3897,3898],{},[26,3899,3900,3902],{"href":3273},[49,3901,3276],{}," function explained",[230,3904,3905],{},[26,3906,3907,3902],{"href":3279},[49,3908,3282],{},[230,3910,3911],{},[26,3912,3913,3902],{"href":2696},[49,3914,2699],{},[230,3916,3917],{},[26,3918,3919],{"href":3359},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[230,3921,3922],{},[26,3923,2818],{"href":2817},[2315,3925,3926],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":3928},[3929,3930,3931,3932,3933,3934,3940,3946,3947,3954],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":2492,"depth":70,"text":2493},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":2704,"depth":70,"text":2705},{"id":2821,"depth":70,"text":2822},{"id":2926,"depth":70,"text":2927,"children":3935},[3936,3937,3938,3939],{"id":2935,"depth":98,"text":2936},{"id":3036,"depth":98,"text":3037},{"id":3085,"depth":98,"text":3086},{"id":3152,"depth":98,"text":3153},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":3941},[3942,3943,3944,3945],{"id":3231,"depth":98,"text":3232},{"id":3363,"depth":98,"text":3364},{"id":3405,"depth":98,"text":3406},{"id":3524,"depth":98,"text":3525},{"id":3575,"depth":70,"text":3576},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":3948},[3949,3950,3951,3952,3953],{"id":3850,"depth":98,"text":3851},{"id":3857,"depth":98,"text":3858},{"id":3864,"depth":98,"text":3865},{"id":3871,"depth":98,"text":3872},{"id":3887,"depth":98,"text":3888},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2366,"description":3955},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3962,"title":3963,"body":3964,"description":5668,"extension":2357,"meta":5669,"navigation":141,"path":5670,"seo":5671,"stem":5672,"__hash__":5673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3965,"toc":5632},[3966,3974,3980,3983,3999,4003,4060,4070,4077,4081,4100,4103,4120,4123,4127,4135,4152,4155,4193,4196,4203,4209,4285,4287,4317,4323,4327,4331,4370,4372,4381,4388,4392,4431,4433,4442,4452,4456,4512,4514,4522,4525,4528,4575,4577,4585,4591,4598,4603,4606,4609,4676,4678,4686,4689,4756,4758,4766,4780,4783,4794,4798,4804,4807,4809,4825,4827,4835,4838,4841,4844,4861,4864,4867,4897,4899,4912,4916,4920,4923,4938,4943,4946,4973,4980,4983,5023,5028,5034,5042,5045,5097,5104,5169,5174,5183,5186,5204,5210,5213,5355,5361,5366,5369,5380,5383,5439,5441,5449,5452,5510,5512,5520,5523,5534,5536,5543,5552,5561,5564,5571,5574,5582,5595,5597,5629],[10,3967,3969,3970,3973],{"id":3968},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[49,3971,3972],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3975,3976,3977,3979],{},"Python’s ",[49,3978,3972],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3981,3982],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[227,3984,3985,3988,3991],{},[230,3986,3987],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[230,3989,3990],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[230,3992,3993,2795,3996,3998],{},[49,3994,3995],{},"all([])",[49,3997,862],{},", which often seems strange at first",[37,4000,4002],{"id":4001},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[42,4004,4006],{"className":44,"code":4005,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[49,4007,4008,4031,4046],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4009,4010,4013,4015,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4011,4012],{"class":58},"numbers ",[52,4014,63],{"class":62},[52,4016,4017],{"class":66}," [",[52,4019,1565],{"class":110},[52,4021,193],{"class":66},[52,4023,1570],{"class":110},[52,4025,193],{"class":66},[52,4027,2850],{"class":110},[52,4029,4030],{"class":66},"]\n",[52,4032,4033,4035,4037,4040,4042,4044],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4034,2626],{"class":58},[52,4036,63],{"class":62},[52,4038,4039],{"class":148}," all",[52,4041,152],{"class":66},[52,4043,1578],{"class":155},[52,4045,159],{"class":66},[52,4047,4048,4050,4052,4054,4057],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,4049,149],{"class":148},[52,4051,152],{"class":66},[52,4053,2661],{"class":155},[52,4055,4056],{"class":66},")",[52,4058,4059],{"class":1017},"  # True\n",[14,4061,4062,2795,4064,4066,4067,35],{},[49,4063,3972],{},[49,4065,862],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[49,4068,4069],{},"False",[37,4071,4073,4074,4076],{"id":4072},"what-all-does","What ",[49,4075,3972],{}," does",[14,4078,4079,84],{},[49,4080,3972],{},[227,4082,4083,4086,4092,4097],{},[230,4084,4085],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[230,4087,4088,4089,4091],{},"returns ",[49,4090,862],{}," if all items are truthy",[230,4093,4088,4094,4096],{},[49,4095,4069],{}," if any item is falsy",[230,4098,4099],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,4101,4102],{},"Basic syntax:",[42,4104,4106],{"className":44,"code":4105,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"all(iterable)\n",[49,4107,4108],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4109,4110,4113,4115,4118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4111,4112],{"class":148},"all",[52,4114,152],{"class":66},[52,4116,4117],{"class":155},"iterable",[52,4119,159],{"class":66},[14,4121,4122],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[37,4124,4126],{"id":4125},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4128,4129,4130,30,4132,4134],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[49,4131,862],{},[49,4133,4069],{}," in conditions.",[227,4136,4137,4145],{},[230,4138,4139,4142,4143],{},[18,4140,4141],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[49,4144,862],{},[230,4146,4147,4142,4150],{},[18,4148,4149],{},"Falsy",[49,4151,4069],{},[14,4153,4154],{},"Common falsy values include:",[227,4156,4157,4161,4166,4171,4176,4180,4185,4189],{},[230,4158,4159],{},[49,4160,2514],{},[230,4162,4163],{},[49,4164,4165],{},"0.0",[230,4167,4168],{},[49,4169,4170],{},"''",[230,4172,4173],{},[49,4174,4175],{},"None",[230,4177,4178],{},[49,4179,4069],{},[230,4181,4182],{},[49,4183,4184],{},"[]",[230,4186,4187],{},[49,4188,343],{},[230,4190,4191],{},[49,4192,695],{},[14,4194,4195],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4197,4198,4199,35],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[26,4200,4202],{"href":4201},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4204,4205,4206,84],{},"You can test this with ",[49,4207,4208],{},"bool()",[42,4210,4212],{"className":44,"code":4211,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[49,4213,4214,4251,4255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4215,4216,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4230,4232,4235,4237,4239,4242,4244,4246,4249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4217,4218],{"class":58},"values ",[52,4220,63],{"class":62},[52,4222,4017],{"class":66},[52,4224,1565],{"class":110},[52,4226,193],{"class":66},[52,4228,4229],{"class":110}," 0",[52,4231,193],{"class":66},[52,4233,4234],{"class":73}," ''",[52,4236,193],{"class":66},[52,4238,186],{"class":73},[52,4240,4241],{"class":77},"hello",[52,4243,177],{"class":73},[52,4245,193],{"class":66},[52,4247,4248],{"class":128}," None",[52,4250,4030],{"class":66},[52,4252,4253],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4254,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,4256,4257,4259,4261,4264,4266,4268,4270,4274,4277,4280,4283],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,4258,149],{"class":148},[52,4260,2152],{"class":66},[52,4262,4263],{"class":646},"bool",[52,4265,152],{"class":66},[52,4267,2570],{"class":155},[52,4269,4056],{"class":66},[52,4271,4273],{"class":4272},"sVHd0"," for",[52,4275,4276],{"class":155}," x ",[52,4278,4279],{"class":4272},"in",[52,4281,4282],{"class":155}," values",[52,4284,1718],{"class":66},[14,4286,164],{},[42,4288,4290],{"className":44,"code":4289,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[49,4291,4292],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4293,4294,4296,4298,4300,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4295,1709],{"class":66},[52,4297,862],{"class":128},[52,4299,193],{"class":66},[52,4301,4302],{"class":128}," False",[52,4304,193],{"class":66},[52,4306,4302],{"class":128},[52,4308,193],{"class":66},[52,4310,216],{"class":128},[52,4312,193],{"class":66},[52,4314,4302],{"class":128},[52,4316,4030],{"class":66},[14,4318,4319,4320,4322],{},"This matters because ",[49,4321,3972],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[37,4324,4326],{"id":4325},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[487,4328,4330],{"id":4329},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[42,4332,4334],{"className":44,"code":4333,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[49,4335,4336,4356],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4339,4012],{"class":58},[52,4341,63],{"class":62},[52,4343,4017],{"class":66},[52,4345,1565],{"class":110},[52,4347,193],{"class":66},[52,4349,1570],{"class":110},[52,4351,193],{"class":66},[52,4353,2850],{"class":110},[52,4355,4030],{"class":66},[52,4357,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4359,149],{"class":148},[52,4361,152],{"class":66},[52,4363,4112],{"class":148},[52,4365,152],{"class":66},[52,4367,1578],{"class":155},[52,4369,742],{"class":66},[14,4371,164],{},[42,4373,4375],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\n",[49,4376,4377],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4378,4379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4380,4374],{"class":128},[14,4382,4383,4384,2795,4386,35],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[49,4385,3972],{},[49,4387,862],{},[487,4389,4391],{"id":4390},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[42,4393,4395],{"className":44,"code":4394,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[49,4396,4397,4417],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4398,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4400,4012],{"class":58},[52,4402,63],{"class":62},[52,4404,4017],{"class":66},[52,4406,1565],{"class":110},[52,4408,193],{"class":66},[52,4410,4229],{"class":110},[52,4412,193],{"class":66},[52,4414,2850],{"class":110},[52,4416,4030],{"class":66},[52,4418,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4420,149],{"class":148},[52,4422,152],{"class":66},[52,4424,4112],{"class":148},[52,4426,152],{"class":66},[52,4428,1578],{"class":155},[52,4430,742],{"class":66},[14,4432,164],{},[42,4434,4436],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"False\n",[49,4437,4438],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4439,4440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4441,4435],{"class":128},[14,4443,4444,4445,4447,4448,2795,4450,35],{},"The value ",[49,4446,2514],{}," is falsy, so ",[49,4449,3972],{},[49,4451,4069],{},[487,4453,4455],{"id":4454},"example-strings","Example: strings",[42,4457,4459],{"className":44,"code":4458,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[49,4460,4461,4497],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4462,4463,4466,4468,4470,4472,4475,4477,4479,4481,4484,4486,4488,4490,4493,4495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4464,4465],{"class":58},"words ",[52,4467,63],{"class":62},[52,4469,4017],{"class":66},[52,4471,177],{"class":73},[52,4473,4474],{"class":77},"apple",[52,4476,177],{"class":73},[52,4478,193],{"class":66},[52,4480,186],{"class":73},[52,4482,4483],{"class":77},"banana",[52,4485,177],{"class":73},[52,4487,193],{"class":66},[52,4489,186],{"class":73},[52,4491,4492],{"class":77},"cherry",[52,4494,177],{"class":73},[52,4496,4030],{"class":66},[52,4498,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4510],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4500,149],{"class":148},[52,4502,152],{"class":66},[52,4504,4112],{"class":148},[52,4506,152],{"class":66},[52,4508,4509],{"class":155},"words",[52,4511,742],{"class":66},[14,4513,164],{},[42,4515,4516],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,4517,4518],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4519,4520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4521,4374],{"class":128},[14,4523,4524],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4526,4527],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[42,4529,4531],{"className":44,"code":4530,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[49,4532,4533,4561],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4534,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4536,4465],{"class":58},[52,4538,63],{"class":62},[52,4540,4017],{"class":66},[52,4542,177],{"class":73},[52,4544,4474],{"class":77},[52,4546,177],{"class":73},[52,4548,193],{"class":66},[52,4550,4234],{"class":73},[52,4552,193],{"class":66},[52,4554,186],{"class":73},[52,4556,4492],{"class":77},[52,4558,177],{"class":73},[52,4560,4030],{"class":66},[52,4562,4563,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4564,149],{"class":148},[52,4566,152],{"class":66},[52,4568,4112],{"class":148},[52,4570,152],{"class":66},[52,4572,4509],{"class":155},[52,4574,742],{"class":66},[14,4576,164],{},[42,4578,4579],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,4580,4581],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4582,4583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4584,4435],{"class":128},[14,4586,4587,4588,4590],{},"The empty string ",[49,4589,4170],{}," is falsy.",[37,4592,4594,4595,4597],{"id":4593},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[49,4596,3972],{}," works with conditions",[14,4599,4600,4602],{},[49,4601,3972],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4604,4605],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4607,4608],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[42,4610,4612],{"className":44,"code":4611,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,4613,4614,4634,4662,4666],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4615,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4617,4012],{"class":58},[52,4619,63],{"class":62},[52,4621,4017],{"class":66},[52,4623,1565],{"class":110},[52,4625,193],{"class":66},[52,4627,1570],{"class":110},[52,4629,193],{"class":66},[52,4631,2850],{"class":110},[52,4633,4030],{"class":66},[52,4635,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4660],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4637,2626],{"class":58},[52,4639,63],{"class":62},[52,4641,4039],{"class":148},[52,4643,152],{"class":66},[52,4645,3421],{"class":155},[52,4647,4648],{"class":62},">",[52,4650,4229],{"class":110},[52,4652,4273],{"class":4272},[52,4654,4276],{"class":155},[52,4656,4279],{"class":4272},[52,4658,4659],{"class":155}," numbers",[52,4661,159],{"class":66},[52,4663,4664],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,4665,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,4667,4668,4670,4672,4674],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,4669,149],{"class":148},[52,4671,152],{"class":66},[52,4673,2661],{"class":155},[52,4675,159],{"class":66},[14,4677,164],{},[42,4679,4680],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,4681,4682],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4683,4684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4685,4374],{"class":128},[14,4687,4688],{},"Here is one that fails:",[42,4690,4692],{"className":44,"code":4691,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,4693,4694,4716,4742,4746],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4695,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4697,4012],{"class":58},[52,4699,63],{"class":62},[52,4701,4017],{"class":66},[52,4703,1565],{"class":110},[52,4705,193],{"class":66},[52,4707,2618],{"class":62},[52,4709,2451],{"class":110},[52,4711,193],{"class":66},[52,4713,2850],{"class":110},[52,4715,4030],{"class":66},[52,4717,4718,4720,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4719,2626],{"class":58},[52,4721,63],{"class":62},[52,4723,4039],{"class":148},[52,4725,152],{"class":66},[52,4727,3421],{"class":155},[52,4729,4648],{"class":62},[52,4731,4229],{"class":110},[52,4733,4273],{"class":4272},[52,4735,4276],{"class":155},[52,4737,4279],{"class":4272},[52,4739,4659],{"class":155},[52,4741,159],{"class":66},[52,4743,4744],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,4745,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,4747,4748,4750,4752,4754],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,4749,149],{"class":148},[52,4751,152],{"class":66},[52,4753,2661],{"class":155},[52,4755,159],{"class":66},[14,4757,164],{},[42,4759,4760],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,4761,4762],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4763,4764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4765,4435],{"class":128},[14,4767,4768,4769,4772,4773,4775,4776,2795,4778,35],{},"The expression ",[49,4770,4771],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[49,4774,862],{},", then ",[49,4777,3972],{},[49,4779,862],{},[14,4781,4782],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4784,4785,4786,2262,4790,35],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[26,4787,4789],{"href":4788},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[26,4791,4793],{"href":4792},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[37,4795,4797],{"id":4796},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4799,4800,2795,4802,35],{},[49,4801,3995],{},[49,4803,862],{},[14,4805,4806],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4808,511],{},[42,4810,4812],{"className":44,"code":4811,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(all([]))\n",[49,4813,4814],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4815,4816,4818,4820,4822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4817,149],{"class":148},[52,4819,152],{"class":66},[52,4821,4112],{"class":148},[52,4823,4824],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[14,4826,164],{},[42,4828,4829],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,4830,4831],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4832,4833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4834,4374],{"class":128},[14,4836,4837],{},"Why?",[14,4839,4840],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4842,4843],{},"Think of it this way:",[227,4845,4846,4853,4856],{},[230,4847,4848,2795,4850,4852],{},[49,4849,3972],{},[49,4851,4069],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[230,4854,4855],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[230,4857,4858,4859],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[49,4860,4069],{},[14,4862,4863],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4865,4866],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[42,4868,4870],{"className":44,"code":4869,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[49,4871,4872,4883],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4873,4874,4876,4878,4880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4875,149],{"class":148},[52,4877,152],{"class":66},[52,4879,4112],{"class":148},[52,4881,4882],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[52,4884,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4886,149],{"class":148},[52,4888,152],{"class":66},[52,4890,4112],{"class":148},[52,4892,152],{"class":66},[52,4894,4170],{"class":73},[52,4896,742],{"class":66},[14,4898,164],{},[42,4900,4902],{"className":44,"code":4901,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nTrue\n",[49,4903,4904,4908],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4905,4906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4907,4374],{"class":128},[52,4909,4910],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4911,4374],{"class":128},[37,4913,4915],{"id":4914},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[487,4917,4919],{"id":4918},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4921,4922],{},"This is wrong:",[42,4924,4926],{"className":44,"code":4925,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[49,4927,4928,4933],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4929,4930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4931,4932],{"class":1017},"# Wrong\n",[52,4934,4935],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,4936,4937],{"class":1017},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4939,4940,4942],{},[49,4941,3972],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4944,4945],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[42,4947,4949],{"className":44,"code":4948,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[49,4950,4951],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4952,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4954,149],{"class":148},[52,4956,152],{"class":66},[52,4958,4112],{"class":148},[52,4960,2152],{"class":66},[52,4962,1565],{"class":110},[52,4964,193],{"class":66},[52,4966,1570],{"class":110},[52,4968,193],{"class":66},[52,4970,2850],{"class":110},[52,4972,3395],{"class":66},[487,4974,4976,4977,4979],{"id":4975},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[49,4978,3972],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4981,4982],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[42,4984,4986],{"className":44,"code":4985,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[49,4987,4988,5009],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,4989,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5003,5005,5007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4991,4012],{"class":58},[52,4993,63],{"class":62},[52,4995,4017],{"class":66},[52,4997,2531],{"class":110},[52,4999,193],{"class":66},[52,5001,5002],{"class":110}," 5",[52,5004,193],{"class":66},[52,5006,5002],{"class":110},[52,5008,4030],{"class":66},[52,5010,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5012,149],{"class":148},[52,5014,152],{"class":66},[52,5016,4112],{"class":148},[52,5018,152],{"class":66},[52,5020,1578],{"class":155},[52,5022,742],{"class":66},[14,5024,1003,5025,5027],{},[18,5026,1006],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,5029,5030,5031,5033],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[49,5032,2531],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[42,5035,5036],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,5037,5038],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5039,5040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5041,4374],{"class":128},[14,5043,5044],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[42,5046,5048],{"className":44,"code":5047,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[49,5049,5050,5070],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5051,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5053,4012],{"class":58},[52,5055,63],{"class":62},[52,5057,4017],{"class":66},[52,5059,2531],{"class":110},[52,5061,193],{"class":66},[52,5063,5002],{"class":110},[52,5065,193],{"class":66},[52,5067,5002],{"class":110},[52,5069,4030],{"class":66},[52,5071,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5085,5087,5089,5091,5093,5095],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5073,149],{"class":148},[52,5075,152],{"class":66},[52,5077,4112],{"class":148},[52,5079,152],{"class":66},[52,5081,3421],{"class":155},[52,5083,5084],{"class":62},"==",[52,5086,5002],{"class":110},[52,5088,4273],{"class":4272},[52,5090,4276],{"class":155},[52,5092,4279],{"class":4272},[52,5094,4659],{"class":155},[52,5096,742],{"class":66},[487,5098,5100,5101,5103],{"id":5099},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[49,5102,2514],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[42,5105,5107],{"className":44,"code":5106,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[49,5108,5109,5135],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5110,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129,5132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5112,149],{"class":148},[52,5114,152],{"class":66},[52,5116,4112],{"class":148},[52,5118,2152],{"class":66},[52,5120,1565],{"class":110},[52,5122,193],{"class":66},[52,5124,1570],{"class":110},[52,5126,193],{"class":66},[52,5128,4229],{"class":110},[52,5130,5131],{"class":66},"]))",[52,5133,5134],{"class":1017},"       # False\n",[52,5136,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5138,149],{"class":148},[52,5140,152],{"class":66},[52,5142,4112],{"class":148},[52,5144,2152],{"class":66},[52,5146,177],{"class":73},[52,5148,26],{"class":77},[52,5150,177],{"class":73},[52,5152,193],{"class":66},[52,5154,186],{"class":73},[52,5156,5157],{"class":77},"b",[52,5159,177],{"class":73},[52,5161,193],{"class":66},[52,5163,4234],{"class":73},[52,5165,5131],{"class":66},[52,5167,5168],{"class":1017},"  # False\n",[14,5170,5171,5172,35],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[49,5173,4069],{},[487,5175,5177,5178,5180,5181],{"id":5176},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[49,5179,3995],{}," is ",[49,5182,862],{},[14,5184,5185],{},"This is expected behavior:",[42,5187,5189],{"className":44,"code":5188,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[49,5190,5191],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5192,5193,5195,5197,5199,5202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5194,149],{"class":148},[52,5196,152],{"class":66},[52,5198,4112],{"class":148},[52,5200,5201],{"class":66},"([]))",[52,5203,4059],{"class":1017},[14,5205,5206,5207,5209],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[49,5208,862],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5211,5212],{},"Useful quick tests:",[42,5214,5216],{"className":44,"code":5215,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[49,5217,5218,5240,5262,5309,5345],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5219,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5221,149],{"class":148},[52,5223,152],{"class":66},[52,5225,4112],{"class":148},[52,5227,2152],{"class":66},[52,5229,1565],{"class":110},[52,5231,193],{"class":66},[52,5233,1570],{"class":110},[52,5235,193],{"class":66},[52,5237,2850],{"class":110},[52,5239,3395],{"class":66},[52,5241,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5243,149],{"class":148},[52,5245,152],{"class":66},[52,5247,4112],{"class":148},[52,5249,2152],{"class":66},[52,5251,1565],{"class":110},[52,5253,193],{"class":66},[52,5255,4229],{"class":110},[52,5257,193],{"class":66},[52,5259,2850],{"class":110},[52,5261,3395],{"class":66},[52,5263,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,5265,149],{"class":148},[52,5267,2152],{"class":66},[52,5269,4263],{"class":646},[52,5271,152],{"class":66},[52,5273,2570],{"class":155},[52,5275,4056],{"class":66},[52,5277,4273],{"class":4272},[52,5279,4276],{"class":155},[52,5281,4279],{"class":4272},[52,5283,4017],{"class":66},[52,5285,1565],{"class":110},[52,5287,193],{"class":66},[52,5289,4229],{"class":110},[52,5291,193],{"class":66},[52,5293,4234],{"class":73},[52,5295,193],{"class":66},[52,5297,186],{"class":73},[52,5299,4241],{"class":77},[52,5301,177],{"class":73},[52,5303,193],{"class":66},[52,5305,4248],{"class":128},[52,5307,5308],{"class":66},"]])\n",[52,5310,5311,5313,5315,5317,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327,5329,5331,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,5312,149],{"class":148},[52,5314,152],{"class":66},[52,5316,4112],{"class":148},[52,5318,152],{"class":66},[52,5320,3421],{"class":155},[52,5322,4648],{"class":62},[52,5324,4229],{"class":110},[52,5326,4273],{"class":4272},[52,5328,4276],{"class":155},[52,5330,4279],{"class":4272},[52,5332,4017],{"class":66},[52,5334,1565],{"class":110},[52,5336,193],{"class":66},[52,5338,1570],{"class":110},[52,5340,193],{"class":66},[52,5342,2850],{"class":110},[52,5344,3395],{"class":66},[52,5346,5347,5349,5351,5353],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,5348,149],{"class":148},[52,5350,152],{"class":66},[52,5352,4112],{"class":148},[52,5354,4824],{"class":66},[37,5356,5358,5359],{"id":5357},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[49,5360,3972],{},[14,5362,5363,5365],{},[49,5364,3972],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5367,5368],{},"Common use cases:",[227,5370,5371,5374,5377],{},[230,5372,5373],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[230,5375,5376],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[230,5378,5379],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5381,5382],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[42,5384,5386],{"className":44,"code":5385,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[49,5387,5388,5424],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5389,5390,5393,5395,5397,5399,5402,5404,5406,5408,5411,5413,5415,5417,5420,5422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5391,5392],{"class":58},"names ",[52,5394,63],{"class":62},[52,5396,4017],{"class":66},[52,5398,177],{"class":73},[52,5400,5401],{"class":77},"Alice",[52,5403,177],{"class":73},[52,5405,193],{"class":66},[52,5407,186],{"class":73},[52,5409,5410],{"class":77},"Bob",[52,5412,177],{"class":73},[52,5414,193],{"class":66},[52,5416,186],{"class":73},[52,5418,5419],{"class":77},"Charlie",[52,5421,177],{"class":73},[52,5423,4030],{"class":66},[52,5425,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434,5437],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5427,149],{"class":148},[52,5429,152],{"class":66},[52,5431,4112],{"class":148},[52,5433,152],{"class":66},[52,5435,5436],{"class":155},"names",[52,5438,742],{"class":66},[14,5440,164],{},[42,5442,5443],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,5444,5445],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5446,5447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5448,4374],{"class":128},[14,5450,5451],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[42,5453,5455],{"className":44,"code":5454,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[49,5456,5457,5480],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5458,5459,5461,5463,5465,5468,5470,5473,5475,5478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5460,1441],{"class":58},[52,5462,63],{"class":62},[52,5464,4017],{"class":66},[52,5466,5467],{"class":110},"75",[52,5469,193],{"class":66},[52,5471,5472],{"class":110}," 80",[52,5474,193],{"class":66},[52,5476,5477],{"class":110}," 50",[52,5479,4030],{"class":66},[52,5481,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490,5493,5496,5498,5500,5503,5505,5508],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5483,149],{"class":148},[52,5485,152],{"class":66},[52,5487,4112],{"class":148},[52,5489,152],{"class":66},[52,5491,5492],{"class":155},"score ",[52,5494,5495],{"class":62},">=",[52,5497,5477],{"class":110},[52,5499,4273],{"class":4272},[52,5501,5502],{"class":155}," score ",[52,5504,4279],{"class":4272},[52,5506,5507],{"class":155}," scores",[52,5509,742],{"class":66},[14,5511,164],{},[42,5513,5514],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,5515,5516],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5517,5518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5519,4374],{"class":128},[14,5521,5522],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5524,5525,5526,2262,5530,35],{},"For related tasks, see ",[26,5527,5529],{"href":5528},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[26,5531,5533],{"href":5532},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[37,5535,2220],{"id":2219},[487,5537,5539,5540,5542],{"id":5538},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[49,5541,3972],{}," return in Python?",[14,5544,5545,5546,5548,5549,5551],{},"It returns ",[49,5547,862],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[49,5550,4069],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[487,5553,5555,5556,5558,5559,2265],{"id":5554},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[49,5557,3995],{}," return ",[49,5560,862],{},[14,5562,5563],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[487,5565,5567,5568,5570],{"id":5566},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[49,5569,3972],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5572,5573],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[487,5575,2259,5577,2262,5579,2265],{"id":5576},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[49,5578,3972],{},[49,5580,5581],{},"any()",[14,5583,5584,5586,5587,5589,5590,35],{},[49,5585,3972],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[49,5588,5581],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[26,5591,3969,5593,3902],{"href":5592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[49,5594,5581],{},[37,5596,2277],{"id":2276},[227,5598,5599,5605,5609,5614,5619,5624],{},[230,5600,5601],{},[26,5602,3969,5603,3902],{"href":5592},[49,5604,5581],{},[230,5606,5607],{},[26,5608,4202],{"href":4201},[230,5610,5611],{},[26,5612,5613],{"href":5532},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[230,5615,5616],{},[26,5617,5618],{"href":5528},"How to filter a list in Python",[230,5620,5621],{},[26,5622,5623],{"href":4788},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[230,5625,5626],{},[26,5627,5628],{"href":4792},"What is an iterable in Python",[2315,5630,5631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":5633},[5634,5635,5637,5638,5643,5645,5646,5655,5657,5667],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":4072,"depth":70,"text":5636},"What all() does",{"id":4125,"depth":70,"text":4126},{"id":4325,"depth":70,"text":4326,"children":5639},[5640,5641,5642],{"id":4329,"depth":98,"text":4330},{"id":4390,"depth":98,"text":4391},{"id":4454,"depth":98,"text":4455},{"id":4593,"depth":70,"text":5644},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4796,"depth":70,"text":4797},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":5647},[5648,5649,5651,5653],{"id":4918,"depth":98,"text":4919},{"id":4975,"depth":98,"text":5650},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5099,"depth":98,"text":5652},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5176,"depth":98,"text":5654},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5357,"depth":70,"text":5656},"When to use all()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":5658},[5659,5661,5663,5665],{"id":5538,"depth":98,"text":5660},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5554,"depth":98,"text":5662},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5566,"depth":98,"text":5664},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5576,"depth":98,"text":5666},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3963,"description":5668},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5675,"title":5676,"body":5677,"description":7365,"extension":2357,"meta":7366,"navigation":141,"path":5592,"seo":7367,"stem":7368,"__hash__":7369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5678,"toc":7343},[5679,5682,5690,5693,5710,5718,5761,5770,5774,5779,5782,5799,5802,5813,5825,5829,5832,5847,5852,5855,5867,5870,5955,5958,5979,5985,5987,5995,6009,6011,6045,6047,6050,6111,6113,6130,6133,6160,6162,6170,6182,6186,6189,6228,6230,6238,6240,6256,6264,6267,6310,6312,6320,6325,6329,6337,6340,6367,6370,6373,6447,6449,6457,6464,6488,6499,6502,6581,6583,6591,6598,6602,6607,6622,6624,6632,6635,6641,6644,6689,6691,6708,6712,6717,6728,6731,6844,6847,6906,6912,6914,6919,6923,6925,6944,6950,6953,6972,6976,6985,7012,7014,7022,7030,7034,7040,7063,7065,7073,7080,7084,7086,7137,7140,7191,7194,7196,7200,7207,7211,7218,7222,7230,7234,7237,7259,7261,7311,7313,7340],[10,5680,5676],{"id":5681},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5683,5684,5686,5687,35],{},[49,5685,5581],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[18,5688,5689],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5691,5692],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[227,5694,5695,5698,5701,5704,5707],{},[230,5696,5697],{},"lists",[230,5699,5700],{},"tuples",[230,5702,5703],{},"sets",[230,5705,5706],{},"strings",[230,5708,5709],{},"generator expressions",[14,5711,5712,5713,30,5715,5717],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[49,5714,862],{},[49,5716,4069],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[42,5719,5721],{"className":44,"code":5720,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[49,5722,5723,5743],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5724,5725,5727,5729,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5726,4218],{"class":58},[52,5728,63],{"class":62},[52,5730,4017],{"class":66},[52,5732,2514],{"class":110},[52,5734,193],{"class":66},[52,5736,4234],{"class":73},[52,5738,193],{"class":66},[52,5740,5002],{"class":110},[52,5742,4030],{"class":66},[52,5744,5745,5747,5749,5752,5754,5756,5759],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5746,149],{"class":148},[52,5748,152],{"class":66},[52,5750,5751],{"class":148},"any",[52,5753,152],{"class":66},[52,5755,2071],{"class":155},[52,5757,5758],{"class":66},"))",[52,5760,4059],{"class":1017},[14,5762,340,5763,5766,5767,5769],{},[49,5764,5765],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[49,5768,862],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[37,5771,5773],{"id":5772},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5775,5776,5778],{},[49,5777,5581],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5780,5781],{},"It returns:",[227,5783,5784,5789,5794],{},[230,5785,5786,5788],{},[49,5787,862],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[230,5790,5791,5793],{},[49,5792,4069],{}," if all items are falsy",[230,5795,5796,5798],{},[49,5797,4069],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5800,5801],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[227,5803,5804,5807,5810],{},[230,5805,5806],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[230,5808,5809],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[230,5811,5812],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5814,5815,5816,5819,5820,35],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[18,5817,5818],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[26,5821,5823],{"href":5822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[49,5824,3972],{},[37,5826,5828],{"id":5827},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5830,5831],{},"The syntax is simple:",[42,5833,5835],{"className":44,"code":5834,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"any(iterable)\n",[49,5836,5837],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5838,5839,5841,5843,5845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5840,5751],{"class":148},[52,5842,152],{"class":66},[52,5844,4117],{"class":155},[52,5846,159],{"class":66},[14,5848,5849,5850,35],{},"The argument must be an ",[18,5851,4117],{},[14,5853,5854],{},"Common inputs include:",[227,5856,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865],{},[230,5858,5697],{},[230,5860,5700],{},[230,5862,5703],{},[230,5864,5706],{},[230,5866,5709],{},[14,5868,5869],{},"For example:",[42,5871,5873],{"className":44,"code":5872,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[49,5874,5875,5898,5917,5937],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5876,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889,5891,5893,5896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5878,149],{"class":148},[52,5880,152],{"class":66},[52,5882,5751],{"class":148},[52,5884,2152],{"class":66},[52,5886,2514],{"class":110},[52,5888,193],{"class":66},[52,5890,4229],{"class":110},[52,5892,193],{"class":66},[52,5894,5895],{"class":110}," 1",[52,5897,3395],{"class":66},[52,5899,5900,5902,5904,5906,5909,5911,5913,5915],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5901,149],{"class":148},[52,5903,152],{"class":66},[52,5905,5751],{"class":148},[52,5907,5908],{"class":66},"((",[52,5910,4069],{"class":128},[52,5912,193],{"class":66},[52,5914,4302],{"class":128},[52,5916,1291],{"class":66},[52,5918,5919,5921,5923,5925,5928,5930,5932,5934],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,5920,149],{"class":148},[52,5922,152],{"class":66},[52,5924,5751],{"class":148},[52,5926,5927],{"class":66},"({",[52,5929,2514],{"class":110},[52,5931,193],{"class":66},[52,5933,1570],{"class":110},[52,5935,5936],{"class":66},"}))\n",[52,5938,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,5940,149],{"class":148},[52,5942,152],{"class":66},[52,5944,5751],{"class":148},[52,5946,152],{"class":66},[52,5948,81],{"class":73},[52,5950,4241],{"class":77},[52,5952,81],{"class":73},[52,5954,742],{"class":66},[14,5956,5957],{},"Expected output:",[42,5959,5961],{"className":44,"code":5960,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[49,5962,5963,5967,5971,5975],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,5964,5965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5966,4374],{"class":128},[52,5968,5969],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,5970,4435],{"class":128},[52,5972,5973],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,5974,4374],{"class":128},[52,5976,5977],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,5978,4374],{"class":128},[14,5980,5981,5982,35],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[26,5983,5533],{"href":5984},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[37,5986,4126],{"id":4125},[14,5988,4129,5989,30,5992,4134],{},[18,5990,5991],{},"truthy",[18,5993,5994],{},"falsy",[227,5996,5997,6003],{},[230,5998,5999,4142,6001],{},[18,6000,4141],{},[49,6002,862],{},[230,6004,6005,4142,6007],{},[18,6006,4149],{},[49,6008,4069],{},[14,6010,4154],{},[227,6012,6013,6017,6021,6025,6029,6033,6037,6041],{},[230,6014,6015],{},[49,6016,4069],{},[230,6018,6019],{},[49,6020,2514],{},[230,6022,6023],{},[49,6024,4165],{},[230,6026,6027],{},[49,6028,4170],{},[230,6030,6031],{},[49,6032,4184],{},[230,6034,6035],{},[49,6036,343],{},[230,6038,6039],{},[49,6040,695],{},[230,6042,6043],{},[49,6044,4175],{},[14,6046,4195],{},[14,6048,6049],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[42,6051,6053],{"className":44,"code":6052,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[49,6054,6055,6069,6087],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6056,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6058,149],{"class":148},[52,6060,152],{"class":66},[52,6062,5751],{"class":148},[52,6064,2152],{"class":66},[52,6066,1565],{"class":110},[52,6068,3395],{"class":66},[52,6070,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6072,149],{"class":148},[52,6074,152],{"class":66},[52,6076,5751],{"class":148},[52,6078,2152],{"class":66},[52,6080,177],{"class":73},[52,6082,4241],{"class":77},[52,6084,177],{"class":73},[52,6086,3395],{"class":66},[52,6088,6089,6091,6093,6095,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6090,149],{"class":148},[52,6092,152],{"class":66},[52,6094,5751],{"class":148},[52,6096,6097],{"class":66},"([[",[52,6099,1565],{"class":110},[52,6101,193],{"class":66},[52,6103,1570],{"class":110},[52,6105,193],{"class":66},[52,6107,2850],{"class":110},[52,6109,6110],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[14,6112,5957],{},[42,6114,6116],{"className":44,"code":6115,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[49,6117,6118,6122,6126],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6119,6120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6121,4374],{"class":128},[52,6123,6124],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6125,4374],{"class":128},[52,6127,6128],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6129,4374],{"class":128},[14,6131,6132],{},"And these are all falsy:",[42,6134,6136],{"className":44,"code":6135,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[49,6137,6138],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6139,6140,6142,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6141,149],{"class":148},[52,6143,152],{"class":66},[52,6145,5751],{"class":148},[52,6147,2152],{"class":66},[52,6149,2514],{"class":110},[52,6151,193],{"class":66},[52,6153,4234],{"class":73},[52,6155,193],{"class":66},[52,6157,4248],{"class":128},[52,6159,3395],{"class":66},[14,6161,5957],{},[42,6163,6164],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,6165,6166],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6167,6168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6169,4435],{"class":128},[14,6171,6172,6173,2262,6176,35],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[26,6174,4202],{"href":6175},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[26,6177,6179,6181],{"href":6178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[49,6180,4208],{}," explained",[37,6183,6185],{"id":6184},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6187,6188],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[42,6190,6192],{"className":44,"code":6191,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[49,6193,6194,6214],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6195,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6197,4218],{"class":58},[52,6199,63],{"class":62},[52,6201,4017],{"class":66},[52,6203,2514],{"class":110},[52,6205,193],{"class":66},[52,6207,4234],{"class":73},[52,6209,193],{"class":66},[52,6211,5002],{"class":110},[52,6213,4030],{"class":66},[52,6215,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6217,149],{"class":148},[52,6219,152],{"class":66},[52,6221,5751],{"class":148},[52,6223,152],{"class":66},[52,6225,2071],{"class":155},[52,6227,742],{"class":66},[14,6229,164],{},[42,6231,6232],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,6233,6234],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6235,6236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6237,4374],{"class":128},[14,6239,4837],{},[227,6241,6242,6247,6251],{},[230,6243,6244,6246],{},[49,6245,2514],{}," is falsy",[230,6248,6249,6246],{},[49,6250,4170],{},[230,6252,6253,6255],{},[49,6254,2531],{}," is truthy",[14,6257,6258,6259,2795,6262,35],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[49,6260,6261],{},"any(values)",[49,6263,862],{},[14,6265,6266],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[42,6268,6270],{"className":44,"code":6269,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[49,6271,6272,6296],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6273,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6275,4218],{"class":58},[52,6277,63],{"class":62},[52,6279,4017],{"class":66},[52,6281,2514],{"class":110},[52,6283,193],{"class":66},[52,6285,4234],{"class":73},[52,6287,193],{"class":66},[52,6289,4248],{"class":128},[52,6291,193],{"class":66},[52,6293,4302],{"class":128},[52,6295,4030],{"class":66},[52,6297,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306,6308],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6299,149],{"class":148},[52,6301,152],{"class":66},[52,6303,5751],{"class":148},[52,6305,152],{"class":66},[52,6307,2071],{"class":155},[52,6309,742],{"class":66},[14,6311,164],{},[42,6313,6314],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,6315,6316],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6317,6318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6319,4435],{"class":128},[14,6321,6322,6323,35],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[49,6324,4069],{},[37,6326,6328],{"id":6327},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6330,6331,6333,6334,35],{},[49,6332,5581],{}," is often used with a ",[18,6335,6336],{},"generator expression",[14,6338,6339],{},"This is a common pattern:",[42,6341,6343],{"className":44,"code":6342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[49,6344,6345],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6346,6347,6349,6351,6354,6357,6360,6362,6365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6348,5751],{"class":148},[52,6350,152],{"class":66},[52,6352,6353],{"class":155},"condition ",[52,6355,6356],{"class":4272},"for",[52,6358,6359],{"class":155}," item ",[52,6361,4279],{"class":4272},[52,6363,6364],{"class":155}," items",[52,6366,159],{"class":66},[14,6368,6369],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6371,6372],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[42,6374,6376],{"className":44,"code":6375,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[49,6377,6378,6406,6410,6437],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6379,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401,6404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6381,4012],{"class":58},[52,6383,63],{"class":62},[52,6385,4017],{"class":66},[52,6387,2903],{"class":110},[52,6389,193],{"class":66},[52,6391,6392],{"class":110}," 7",[52,6394,193],{"class":66},[52,6396,2618],{"class":62},[52,6398,2451],{"class":110},[52,6400,193],{"class":66},[52,6402,6403],{"class":110}," 10",[52,6405,4030],{"class":66},[52,6407,6408],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6409,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,6411,6412,6414,6416,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6413,2626],{"class":58},[52,6415,63],{"class":62},[52,6417,6418],{"class":148}," any",[52,6420,152],{"class":66},[52,6422,3421],{"class":155},[52,6424,771],{"class":62},[52,6426,4229],{"class":110},[52,6428,4273],{"class":4272},[52,6430,4276],{"class":155},[52,6432,4279],{"class":4272},[52,6434,4659],{"class":155},[52,6436,159],{"class":66},[52,6438,6439,6441,6443,6445],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,6440,149],{"class":148},[52,6442,152],{"class":66},[52,6444,2661],{"class":155},[52,6446,159],{"class":66},[14,6448,164],{},[42,6450,6451],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,6452,6453],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6454,6455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6456,4374],{"class":128},[14,6458,6459,6460,6463],{},"This works because ",[49,6461,6462],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[227,6465,6466,6474,6481],{},[230,6467,6468,6471,6472],{},[49,6469,6470],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[49,6473,4069],{},[230,6475,6476,6471,6479],{},[49,6477,6478],{},"7 \u003C 0",[49,6480,4069],{},[230,6482,6483,6471,6486],{},[49,6484,6485],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[49,6487,862],{},[14,6489,6490,6491,6493,6494,6496,6497,35],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[49,6492,862],{}," result, ",[49,6495,5581],{}," can return ",[49,6498,862],{},[14,6500,6501],{},"Here is another example:",[42,6503,6505],{"className":44,"code":6504,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[49,6506,6507,6536,6540,6570],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6508,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517,6519,6521,6523,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6510,4465],{"class":58},[52,6512,63],{"class":62},[52,6514,4017],{"class":66},[52,6516,81],{"class":73},[52,6518,4474],{"class":77},[52,6520,81],{"class":73},[52,6522,193],{"class":66},[52,6524,6525],{"class":73}," \"\"",[52,6527,193],{"class":66},[52,6529,87],{"class":73},[52,6531,4483],{"class":77},[52,6533,81],{"class":73},[52,6535,4030],{"class":66},[52,6537,6538],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6539,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,6541,6542,6545,6547,6549,6551,6554,6556,6558,6560,6563,6565,6568],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6543,6544],{"class":58},"has_empty_string ",[52,6546,63],{"class":62},[52,6548,6418],{"class":148},[52,6550,152],{"class":66},[52,6552,6553],{"class":155},"word ",[52,6555,5084],{"class":62},[52,6557,6525],{"class":73},[52,6559,4273],{"class":4272},[52,6561,6562],{"class":155}," word ",[52,6564,4279],{"class":4272},[52,6566,6567],{"class":155}," words",[52,6569,159],{"class":66},[52,6571,6572,6574,6576,6579],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,6573,149],{"class":148},[52,6575,152],{"class":66},[52,6577,6578],{"class":155},"has_empty_string",[52,6580,159],{"class":66},[14,6582,164],{},[42,6584,6585],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,6586,6587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6588,6589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6590,4374],{"class":128},[14,6592,6593,6594,35],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[26,6595,6597],{"href":6596},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[37,6599,6601],{"id":6600},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6603,6604,6605,84],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[49,6606,4069],{},[42,6608,6610],{"className":44,"code":6609,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([]))\n",[49,6611,6612],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6613,6614,6616,6618,6620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6615,149],{"class":148},[52,6617,152],{"class":66},[52,6619,5751],{"class":148},[52,6621,4824],{"class":66},[14,6623,164],{},[42,6625,6626],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,6627,6628],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6629,6630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6631,4435],{"class":128},[14,6633,6634],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6636,6637,6638,6640],{},"The reason is simple: ",[49,6639,5581],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6642,6643],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[42,6645,6647],{"className":44,"code":6646,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[49,6648,6649,6659,6674],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6650,6651,6653,6655,6657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6652,149],{"class":148},[52,6654,152],{"class":66},[52,6656,5751],{"class":148},[52,6658,4882],{"class":66},[52,6660,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669,6672],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6662,149],{"class":148},[52,6664,152],{"class":66},[52,6666,5751],{"class":148},[52,6668,152],{"class":66},[52,6670,6671],{"class":73},"\"\"",[52,6673,742],{"class":66},[52,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6677,149],{"class":148},[52,6679,152],{"class":66},[52,6681,5751],{"class":148},[52,6683,152],{"class":66},[52,6685,796],{"class":646},[52,6687,6688],{"class":66},"()))\n",[14,6690,164],{},[42,6692,6694],{"className":44,"code":6693,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[49,6695,6696,6700,6704],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6697,6698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6699,4435],{"class":128},[52,6701,6702],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6703,4435],{"class":128},[52,6705,6706],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6707,4435],{"class":128},[37,6709,6711],{"id":6710},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6713,340,6714,6716],{},[49,6715,5581],{}," when you want to:",[227,6718,6719,6722,6725],{},[230,6720,6721],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[230,6723,6724],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[230,6726,6727],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6729,6730],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[42,6732,6734],{"className":44,"code":6733,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[49,6735,6736,6761,6765,6775,6779,6793,6812,6821,6827,6832],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6737,6738,6740,6742,6744,6746,6748,6750,6752,6754,6756,6759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6739,4012],{"class":58},[52,6741,63],{"class":62},[52,6743,4017],{"class":66},[52,6745,1565],{"class":110},[52,6747,193],{"class":66},[52,6749,2850],{"class":110},[52,6751,193],{"class":66},[52,6753,5002],{"class":110},[52,6755,193],{"class":66},[52,6757,6758],{"class":110}," 8",[52,6760,4030],{"class":66},[52,6762,6763],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6764,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,6766,6767,6770,6772],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,6768,6769],{"class":58},"found_even ",[52,6771,63],{"class":62},[52,6773,6774],{"class":128}," False\n",[52,6776,6777],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,6778,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,6780,6781,6783,6786,6788,6790],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,6782,6356],{"class":4272},[52,6784,6785],{"class":58}," number ",[52,6787,4279],{"class":4272},[52,6789,4659],{"class":58},[52,6791,6792],{"class":66},":\n",[52,6794,6795,6798,6800,6803,6805,6808,6810],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,6796,6797],{"class":4272},"    if",[52,6799,6785],{"class":58},[52,6801,6802],{"class":62},"%",[52,6804,1570],{"class":110},[52,6806,6807],{"class":62}," ==",[52,6809,4229],{"class":110},[52,6811,6792],{"class":66},[52,6813,6814,6817,6819],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,6815,6816],{"class":58},"        found_even ",[52,6818,63],{"class":62},[52,6820,129],{"class":128},[52,6822,6824],{"class":54,"line":6823},8,[52,6825,6826],{"class":4272},"        break\n",[52,6828,6830],{"class":54,"line":6829},9,[52,6831,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,6833,6835,6837,6839,6842],{"class":54,"line":6834},10,[52,6836,149],{"class":148},[52,6838,152],{"class":66},[52,6840,6841],{"class":155},"found_even",[52,6843,159],{"class":66},[14,6845,6846],{},"You can write:",[42,6848,6850],{"className":44,"code":6849,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[49,6851,6852,6876],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6853,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870,6872,6874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6855,4012],{"class":58},[52,6857,63],{"class":62},[52,6859,4017],{"class":66},[52,6861,1565],{"class":110},[52,6863,193],{"class":66},[52,6865,2850],{"class":110},[52,6867,193],{"class":66},[52,6869,5002],{"class":110},[52,6871,193],{"class":66},[52,6873,6758],{"class":110},[52,6875,4030],{"class":66},[52,6877,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,6879,149],{"class":148},[52,6881,152],{"class":66},[52,6883,5751],{"class":148},[52,6885,152],{"class":66},[52,6887,2613],{"class":155},[52,6889,6802],{"class":62},[52,6891,1570],{"class":110},[52,6893,6807],{"class":62},[52,6895,4229],{"class":110},[52,6897,4273],{"class":4272},[52,6899,6785],{"class":155},[52,6901,4279],{"class":4272},[52,6903,4659],{"class":155},[52,6905,742],{"class":66},[14,6907,6908,6909,6911],{},"Both work, but ",[49,6910,5581],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[37,6913,4915],{"id":4914},[14,6915,6916,6917,35],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[49,6918,5581],{},[487,6920,6922],{"id":6921},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6924,4922],{},[42,6926,6928],{"className":44,"code":6927,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any(5))\n",[49,6929,6930],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6931,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6933,149],{"class":148},[52,6935,152],{"class":66},[52,6937,5751],{"class":148},[52,6939,152],{"class":66},[52,6941,2531],{"class":110},[52,6943,742],{"class":66},[14,6945,6946,6947,6949],{},"It causes an error because ",[49,6948,2531],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6951,6952],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[42,6954,6956],{"className":44,"code":6955,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([5]))\n",[49,6957,6958],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6959,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6961,149],{"class":148},[52,6963,152],{"class":66},[52,6965,5751],{"class":148},[52,6967,2152],{"class":66},[52,6969,2531],{"class":110},[52,6971,3395],{"class":66},[487,6973,6975],{"id":6974},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6977,6978,6980,6981,6984],{},[49,6979,5581],{}," needs only ",[18,6982,6983],{},"one"," truthy item.",[42,6986,6988],{"className":44,"code":6987,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[49,6989,6990],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,6991,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6993,149],{"class":148},[52,6995,152],{"class":66},[52,6997,5751],{"class":148},[52,6999,2152],{"class":66},[52,7001,4069],{"class":128},[52,7003,193],{"class":66},[52,7005,4302],{"class":128},[52,7007,193],{"class":66},[52,7009,216],{"class":128},[52,7011,3395],{"class":66},[14,7013,164],{},[42,7015,7016],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,7017,7018],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7019,7020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7021,4374],{"class":128},[14,7023,7024,7025,7029],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[26,7026,7027],{"href":5822},[49,7028,3972],{}," instead.",[487,7031,7033],{"id":7032},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,7035,7036,7037,35],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[49,7038,7039],{},"\"True\"",[42,7041,7043],{"className":44,"code":7042,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[49,7044,7045],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7046,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7048,149],{"class":148},[52,7050,152],{"class":66},[52,7052,5751],{"class":148},[52,7054,2152],{"class":66},[52,7056,81],{"class":73},[52,7058,4069],{"class":77},[52,7060,81],{"class":73},[52,7062,3395],{"class":66},[14,7064,164],{},[42,7066,7067],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,7068,7069],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7070,7071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7072,4374],{"class":128},[14,7074,7075,7076,7079],{},"That is because ",[49,7077,7078],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[487,7081,7083],{"id":7082},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,7085,951],{},[42,7087,7089],{"className":44,"code":7088,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[49,7090,7091,7111],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7092,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7094,4012],{"class":58},[52,7096,63],{"class":62},[52,7098,4017],{"class":66},[52,7100,1565],{"class":110},[52,7102,193],{"class":66},[52,7104,1570],{"class":110},[52,7106,193],{"class":66},[52,7108,2850],{"class":110},[52,7110,4030],{"class":66},[52,7112,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7114,149],{"class":148},[52,7116,152],{"class":66},[52,7118,5751],{"class":148},[52,7120,2152],{"class":66},[52,7122,3421],{"class":155},[52,7124,4648],{"class":62},[52,7126,1570],{"class":110},[52,7128,4273],{"class":4272},[52,7130,4276],{"class":155},[52,7132,4279],{"class":4272},[52,7134,4659],{"class":155},[52,7136,3395],{"class":66},[14,7138,7139],{},"But this is usually better:",[42,7141,7143],{"className":44,"code":7142,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[49,7144,7145,7165],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7146,7147,7149,7151,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161,7163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7148,4012],{"class":58},[52,7150,63],{"class":62},[52,7152,4017],{"class":66},[52,7154,1565],{"class":110},[52,7156,193],{"class":66},[52,7158,1570],{"class":110},[52,7160,193],{"class":66},[52,7162,2850],{"class":110},[52,7164,4030],{"class":66},[52,7166,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7168,149],{"class":148},[52,7170,152],{"class":66},[52,7172,5751],{"class":148},[52,7174,152],{"class":66},[52,7176,3421],{"class":155},[52,7178,4648],{"class":62},[52,7180,1570],{"class":110},[52,7182,4273],{"class":4272},[52,7184,4276],{"class":155},[52,7186,4279],{"class":4272},[52,7188,4659],{"class":155},[52,7190,742],{"class":66},[14,7192,7193],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[37,7195,2220],{"id":2219},[487,7197,7199],{"id":7198},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7201,5545,7202,7204,7205,35],{},[49,7203,862],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[49,7206,4069],{},[487,7208,7210],{"id":7209},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7212,7213,2795,7215,7217],{},[49,7214,5581],{},[49,7216,4069],{}," for an empty iterable.",[487,7219,7221],{"id":7220},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7223,7224,7226,7227,7229],{},[49,7225,5581],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[49,7228,3972],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[487,7231,7233],{"id":7232},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7235,7236],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[42,7238,7239],{"className":44,"code":6342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,7240,7241],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7242,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7244,5751],{"class":148},[52,7246,152],{"class":66},[52,7248,6353],{"class":155},[52,7250,6356],{"class":4272},[52,7252,6359],{"class":155},[52,7254,4279],{"class":4272},[52,7256,6364],{"class":155},[52,7258,159],{"class":66},[14,7260,5869],{},[42,7262,7263],{"className":44,"code":7142,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,7264,7265,7285],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7266,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7268,4012],{"class":58},[52,7270,63],{"class":62},[52,7272,4017],{"class":66},[52,7274,1565],{"class":110},[52,7276,193],{"class":66},[52,7278,1570],{"class":110},[52,7280,193],{"class":66},[52,7282,2850],{"class":110},[52,7284,4030],{"class":66},[52,7286,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301,7303,7305,7307,7309],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7288,149],{"class":148},[52,7290,152],{"class":66},[52,7292,5751],{"class":148},[52,7294,152],{"class":66},[52,7296,3421],{"class":155},[52,7298,4648],{"class":62},[52,7300,1570],{"class":110},[52,7302,4273],{"class":4272},[52,7304,4276],{"class":155},[52,7306,4279],{"class":4272},[52,7308,4659],{"class":155},[52,7310,742],{"class":66},[37,7312,2277],{"id":2276},[227,7314,7315,7321,7325,7329,7334],{},[230,7316,7317],{},[26,7318,7319,3902],{"href":5822},[49,7320,3972],{},[230,7322,7323],{},[26,7324,4202],{"href":6175},[230,7326,7327],{},[26,7328,5613],{"href":5984},[230,7330,7331],{},[26,7332,7333],{"href":6596},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[230,7335,7336],{},[26,7337,7338,3902],{"href":6178},[49,7339,4208],{},[2315,7341,7342],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":7344},[7345,7346,7347,7348,7349,7350,7351,7352,7358,7364],{"id":5772,"depth":70,"text":5773},{"id":5827,"depth":70,"text":5828},{"id":4125,"depth":70,"text":4126},{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":6327,"depth":70,"text":6328},{"id":6600,"depth":70,"text":6601},{"id":6710,"depth":70,"text":6711},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":7353},[7354,7355,7356,7357],{"id":6921,"depth":98,"text":6922},{"id":6974,"depth":98,"text":6975},{"id":7032,"depth":98,"text":7033},{"id":7082,"depth":98,"text":7083},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":7359},[7360,7361,7362,7363],{"id":7198,"depth":98,"text":7199},{"id":7209,"depth":98,"text":7210},{"id":7220,"depth":98,"text":7221},{"id":7232,"depth":98,"text":7233},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5676,"description":7365},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7371,"title":7372,"body":7373,"description":9500,"extension":2357,"meta":9501,"navigation":141,"path":9502,"seo":9503,"stem":9504,"__hash__":9505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7374,"toc":9463},[7375,7378,7387,7397,7399,7496,7498,7527,7543,7547,7552,7555,7565,7571,7577,7592,7594,7602,7609,7613,7616,7631,7636,7654,7659,7661,7708,7710,7727,7731,7737,7740,7775,7777,7883,7885,7922,7926,7934,7936,7956,7958,8077,8079,8108,8111,8134,8136,8144,8152,8156,8162,8166,8207,8209,8217,8220,8248,8250,8258,8262,8291,8293,8301,8333,8335,8343,8347,8397,8399,8407,8415,8419,8422,8475,8477,8498,8505,8509,8515,8518,8526,8548,8550,8558,8566,8589,8591,8599,8604,8609,8621,8623,8664,8675,8679,8688,8691,8694,8753,8756,8808,8811,8817,8833,8839,8841,8846,8855,8858,8880,8882,8890,8895,8898,8933,8935,8943,8947,8952,8990,9002,9005,9059,9067,9071,9074,9096,9105,9108,9149,9151,9174,9180,9186,9201,9203,9222,9225,9244,9246,9265,9269,9275,9354,9357,9371,9378,9380,9384,9391,9395,9399,9403,9408,9412,9417,9421,9428,9430,9460],[10,7376,7372],{"id":7377},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7379,2374,7380,7382,7383,30,7385,35],{},[49,7381,4208],{}," function converts a value to either ",[49,7384,862],{},[49,7386,4069],{},[14,7388,7389,7390,7392,7393,7396],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[49,7391,4208],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[49,7394,7395],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[37,7398,4002],{"id":4001},[42,7400,7402],{"className":44,"code":7401,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[49,7403,7404,7418,7432,7446,7464,7474],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7405,7406,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7407,149],{"class":148},[52,7409,152],{"class":66},[52,7411,4263],{"class":646},[52,7413,152],{"class":66},[52,7415,2514],{"class":110},[52,7417,742],{"class":66},[52,7419,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7421,149],{"class":148},[52,7423,152],{"class":66},[52,7425,4263],{"class":646},[52,7427,152],{"class":66},[52,7429,1565],{"class":110},[52,7431,742],{"class":66},[52,7433,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7435,149],{"class":148},[52,7437,152],{"class":66},[52,7439,4263],{"class":646},[52,7441,152],{"class":66},[52,7443,6671],{"class":73},[52,7445,742],{"class":66},[52,7447,7448,7450,7452,7454,7456,7458,7460,7462],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,7449,149],{"class":148},[52,7451,152],{"class":66},[52,7453,4263],{"class":646},[52,7455,152],{"class":66},[52,7457,81],{"class":73},[52,7459,4241],{"class":77},[52,7461,81],{"class":73},[52,7463,742],{"class":66},[52,7465,7466,7468,7470,7472],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,7467,149],{"class":148},[52,7469,152],{"class":66},[52,7471,4263],{"class":646},[52,7473,4824],{"class":66},[52,7475,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7477,149],{"class":148},[52,7479,152],{"class":66},[52,7481,4263],{"class":646},[52,7483,2152],{"class":66},[52,7485,1565],{"class":110},[52,7487,193],{"class":66},[52,7489,1570],{"class":110},[52,7491,193],{"class":66},[52,7493,2850],{"class":110},[52,7495,3395],{"class":66},[14,7497,5957],{},[42,7499,7501],{"className":44,"code":7500,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[49,7502,7503,7507,7511,7515,7519,7523],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7504,7505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7506,4435],{"class":128},[52,7508,7509],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7510,4374],{"class":128},[52,7512,7513],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7514,4435],{"class":128},[52,7516,7517],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,7518,4374],{"class":128},[52,7520,7521],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,7522,4435],{"class":128},[52,7524,7525],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7526,4374],{"class":128},[14,7528,340,7529,7532,7533,30,7535,7537,7538,7540,7541,35],{},[49,7530,7531],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[49,7534,862],{},[49,7536,4069],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[49,7539,4069],{},". Most other values become ",[49,7542,862],{},[37,7544,7546],{"id":7545},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7548,7549,7551],{},[49,7550,4208],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7553,7554],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[227,7556,7557,7561],{},[230,7558,7559],{},[49,7560,862],{},[230,7562,7563],{},[49,7564,4069],{},[14,7566,7567,7568,7570],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[49,7569,7395],{}," statements.",[14,7572,7573,7574,7576],{},"You can also call ",[49,7575,4208],{}," with no argument:",[42,7578,7580],{"className":44,"code":7579,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool())\n",[49,7581,7582],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7583,7584,7586,7588,7590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7585,149],{"class":148},[52,7587,152],{"class":66},[52,7589,4263],{"class":646},[52,7591,2058],{"class":66},[14,7593,164],{},[42,7595,7596],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,7597,7598],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7599,7600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7601,4435],{"class":128},[14,7603,7604,7605,35],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[26,7606,7608],{"href":7607},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[37,7610,7612],{"id":7611},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7614,7615],{},"The basic syntax is:",[42,7617,7619],{"className":44,"code":7618,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"bool(value)\n",[49,7620,7621],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7622,7623,7625,7627,7629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7624,4263],{"class":646},[52,7626,152],{"class":66},[52,7628,263],{"class":155},[52,7630,159],{"class":66},[14,7632,2374,7633,7635],{},[49,7634,263],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[227,7637,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646,7649,7651],{},[230,7639,1578],{},[230,7641,5706],{},[230,7643,5697],{},[230,7645,5700],{},[230,7647,7648],{},"dictionaries",[230,7650,5703],{},[230,7652,7653],{},"other objects",[14,7655,7656,7657,35],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[49,7658,4069],{},[14,7660,511],{},[42,7662,7664],{"className":44,"code":7663,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[49,7665,7666,7680,7698],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7667,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7669,149],{"class":148},[52,7671,152],{"class":66},[52,7673,4263],{"class":646},[52,7675,152],{"class":66},[52,7677,2728],{"class":110},[52,7679,742],{"class":66},[52,7681,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7683,149],{"class":148},[52,7685,152],{"class":66},[52,7687,4263],{"class":646},[52,7689,152],{"class":66},[52,7691,81],{"class":73},[52,7693,408],{"class":77},[52,7695,81],{"class":73},[52,7697,742],{"class":66},[52,7699,7700,7702,7704,7706],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7701,149],{"class":148},[52,7703,152],{"class":66},[52,7705,4263],{"class":646},[52,7707,2058],{"class":66},[14,7709,164],{},[42,7711,7713],{"className":44,"code":7712,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[49,7714,7715,7719,7723],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7716,7717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7718,4374],{"class":128},[52,7720,7721],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7722,4374],{"class":128},[52,7724,7725],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7726,4435],{"class":128},[37,7728,7730],{"id":7729},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7732,7733,7734,7736],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[18,7735,5994],{}," values.",[14,7738,7739],{},"Common examples:",[227,7741,7742,7746,7750,7754,7758,7763,7767,7771],{},[230,7743,7744],{},[49,7745,2514],{},[230,7747,7748],{},[49,7749,4165],{},[230,7751,7752],{},[49,7753,6671],{},[230,7755,7756],{},[49,7757,4184],{},[230,7759,7760],{},[49,7761,7762],{},"()",[230,7764,7765],{},[49,7766,343],{},[230,7768,7769],{},[49,7770,695],{},[230,7772,7773],{},[49,7774,4175],{},[14,7776,511],{},[42,7778,7780],{"className":44,"code":7779,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[49,7781,7782,7796,7810,7824,7834,7844,7855,7869],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7783,7784,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7785,149],{"class":148},[52,7787,152],{"class":66},[52,7789,4263],{"class":646},[52,7791,152],{"class":66},[52,7793,2514],{"class":110},[52,7795,742],{"class":66},[52,7797,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7799,149],{"class":148},[52,7801,152],{"class":66},[52,7803,4263],{"class":646},[52,7805,152],{"class":66},[52,7807,4165],{"class":110},[52,7809,742],{"class":66},[52,7811,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7813,149],{"class":148},[52,7815,152],{"class":66},[52,7817,4263],{"class":646},[52,7819,152],{"class":66},[52,7821,6671],{"class":73},[52,7823,742],{"class":66},[52,7825,7826,7828,7830,7832],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,7827,149],{"class":148},[52,7829,152],{"class":66},[52,7831,4263],{"class":646},[52,7833,4824],{"class":66},[52,7835,7836,7838,7840,7842],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,7837,149],{"class":148},[52,7839,152],{"class":66},[52,7841,4263],{"class":646},[52,7843,4882],{"class":66},[52,7845,7846,7848,7850,7852],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7847,149],{"class":148},[52,7849,152],{"class":66},[52,7851,4263],{"class":646},[52,7853,7854],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[52,7856,7857,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,7858,149],{"class":148},[52,7860,152],{"class":66},[52,7862,4263],{"class":646},[52,7864,152],{"class":66},[52,7866,796],{"class":646},[52,7868,6688],{"class":66},[52,7870,7871,7873,7875,7877,7879,7881],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,7872,149],{"class":148},[52,7874,152],{"class":66},[52,7876,4263],{"class":646},[52,7878,152],{"class":66},[52,7880,4175],{"class":128},[52,7882,742],{"class":66},[14,7884,164],{},[42,7886,7888],{"className":44,"code":7887,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[49,7889,7890,7894,7898,7902,7906,7910,7914,7918],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7891,7892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7893,4435],{"class":128},[52,7895,7896],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7897,4435],{"class":128},[52,7899,7900],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7901,4435],{"class":128},[52,7903,7904],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,7905,4435],{"class":128},[52,7907,7908],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,7909,4435],{"class":128},[52,7911,7912],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,7913,4435],{"class":128},[52,7915,7916],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,7917,4435],{"class":128},[52,7919,7920],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,7921,4435],{"class":128},[37,7923,7925],{"id":7924},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7927,7928,7929,7931,7932,7736],{},"Many values become ",[49,7930,862],{},". These are often called ",[18,7933,5991],{},[14,7935,7739],{},[227,7937,7938,7941,7944,7947,7950,7953],{},[230,7939,7940],{},"non-zero numbers",[230,7942,7943],{},"non-empty strings",[230,7945,7946],{},"non-empty lists",[230,7948,7949],{},"non-empty tuples",[230,7951,7952],{},"non-empty sets",[230,7954,7955],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7957,511],{},[42,7959,7961],{"className":44,"code":7960,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[49,7962,7963,7977,7993,8011,8033,8051],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,7964,7965,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7966,149],{"class":148},[52,7968,152],{"class":66},[52,7970,4263],{"class":646},[52,7972,152],{"class":66},[52,7974,2531],{"class":110},[52,7976,742],{"class":66},[52,7978,7979,7981,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,7980,149],{"class":148},[52,7982,152],{"class":66},[52,7984,4263],{"class":646},[52,7986,152],{"class":66},[52,7988,2416],{"class":62},[52,7990,2451],{"class":110},[52,7992,742],{"class":66},[52,7994,7995,7997,7999,8001,8003,8005,8007,8009],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,7996,149],{"class":148},[52,7998,152],{"class":66},[52,8000,4263],{"class":646},[52,8002,152],{"class":66},[52,8004,81],{"class":73},[52,8006,4241],{"class":77},[52,8008,81],{"class":73},[52,8010,742],{"class":66},[52,8012,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,8014,149],{"class":148},[52,8016,152],{"class":66},[52,8018,4263],{"class":646},[52,8020,2152],{"class":66},[52,8022,1565],{"class":110},[52,8024,193],{"class":66},[52,8026,1570],{"class":110},[52,8028,193],{"class":66},[52,8030,2850],{"class":110},[52,8032,3395],{"class":66},[52,8034,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043,8045,8047,8049],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,8036,149],{"class":148},[52,8038,152],{"class":66},[52,8040,4263],{"class":646},[52,8042,5908],{"class":66},[52,8044,1565],{"class":110},[52,8046,193],{"class":66},[52,8048,1570],{"class":110},[52,8050,1291],{"class":66},[52,8052,8053,8055,8057,8059,8061,8063,8065,8067,8069,8071,8073,8075],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8054,149],{"class":148},[52,8056,152],{"class":66},[52,8058,4263],{"class":646},[52,8060,5927],{"class":66},[52,8062,81],{"class":73},[52,8064,78],{"class":77},[52,8066,81],{"class":73},[52,8068,84],{"class":66},[52,8070,87],{"class":73},[52,8072,976],{"class":77},[52,8074,81],{"class":73},[52,8076,5936],{"class":66},[14,8078,164],{},[42,8080,8082],{"className":44,"code":8081,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[49,8083,8084,8088,8092,8096,8100,8104],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8085,8086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8087,4374],{"class":128},[52,8089,8090],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8091,4374],{"class":128},[52,8093,8094],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,8095,4374],{"class":128},[52,8097,8098],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,8099,4374],{"class":128},[52,8101,8102],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,8103,4374],{"class":128},[52,8105,8106],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,8107,4374],{"class":128},[14,8109,8110],{},"One important example is this:",[42,8112,8114],{"className":44,"code":8113,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[49,8115,8116],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8117,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8119,149],{"class":148},[52,8121,152],{"class":66},[52,8123,4263],{"class":646},[52,8125,152],{"class":66},[52,8127,81],{"class":73},[52,8129,4069],{"class":77},[52,8131,81],{"class":73},[52,8133,742],{"class":66},[14,8135,164],{},[42,8137,8138],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8139,8140],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8141,8142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8143,4374],{"class":128},[14,8145,8146,8147,8149,8150,35],{},"Even though the text says ",[49,8148,7078],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[49,8151,862],{},[37,8153,8155],{"id":8154},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,8157,8158,8159,8161],{},"You can use ",[49,8160,4208],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[487,8163,8165],{"id":8164},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[42,8167,8169],{"className":44,"code":8168,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[49,8170,8171,8192],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8172,8173,8176,8178,8180,8182,8184,8186,8188,8190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8174,8175],{"class":58},"items ",[52,8177,63],{"class":62},[52,8179,4017],{"class":66},[52,8181,2728],{"class":110},[52,8183,193],{"class":66},[52,8185,111],{"class":110},[52,8187,193],{"class":66},[52,8189,1929],{"class":110},[52,8191,4030],{"class":66},[52,8193,8194,8196,8198,8200,8202,8205],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8195,149],{"class":148},[52,8197,152],{"class":66},[52,8199,4263],{"class":646},[52,8201,152],{"class":66},[52,8203,8204],{"class":155},"items",[52,8206,742],{"class":66},[14,8208,164],{},[42,8210,8211],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8212,8213],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8214,8215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8216,4374],{"class":128},[14,8218,8219],{},"With an empty list:",[42,8221,8223],{"className":44,"code":8222,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[49,8224,8225,8234],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8226,8227,8229,8231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8228,8175],{"class":58},[52,8230,63],{"class":62},[52,8232,8233],{"class":66}," []\n",[52,8235,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8237,149],{"class":148},[52,8239,152],{"class":66},[52,8241,4263],{"class":646},[52,8243,152],{"class":66},[52,8245,8204],{"class":155},[52,8247,742],{"class":66},[14,8249,164],{},[42,8251,8252],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8253,8254],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8255,8256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8257,4435],{"class":128},[487,8259,8261],{"id":8260},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[42,8263,8265],{"className":44,"code":8264,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[49,8266,8267,8277],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8268,8269,8272,8274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8270,8271],{"class":58},"name ",[52,8273,63],{"class":62},[52,8275,8276],{"class":73}," \"\"\n",[52,8278,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8280,149],{"class":148},[52,8282,152],{"class":66},[52,8284,4263],{"class":646},[52,8286,152],{"class":66},[52,8288,78],{"class":155},[52,8290,742],{"class":66},[14,8292,164],{},[42,8294,8295],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8296,8297],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8298,8299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8300,4435],{"class":128},[42,8302,8304],{"className":44,"code":8303,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[49,8305,8306,8319],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8307,8308,8310,8312,8314,8317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8309,8271],{"class":58},[52,8311,63],{"class":62},[52,8313,87],{"class":73},[52,8315,8316],{"class":77},"Mia",[52,8318,297],{"class":73},[52,8320,8321,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8322,149],{"class":148},[52,8324,152],{"class":66},[52,8326,4263],{"class":646},[52,8328,152],{"class":66},[52,8330,78],{"class":155},[52,8332,742],{"class":66},[14,8334,164],{},[42,8336,8337],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8338,8339],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8340,8341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8342,4374],{"class":128},[487,8344,8346],{"id":8345},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[42,8348,8350],{"className":44,"code":8349,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[49,8351,8352,8366,8382,8386],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8353,8354,8357,8359,8361,8364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8355,8356],{"class":58},"username ",[52,8358,63],{"class":62},[52,8360,87],{"class":73},[52,8362,8363],{"class":77},"alex",[52,8365,297],{"class":73},[52,8367,8368,8371,8373,8376,8378,8380],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8369,8370],{"class":58},"has_name ",[52,8372,63],{"class":62},[52,8374,8375],{"class":646}," bool",[52,8377,152],{"class":66},[52,8379,1645],{"class":155},[52,8381,159],{"class":66},[52,8383,8384],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,8385,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,8387,8388,8390,8392,8395],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,8389,149],{"class":148},[52,8391,152],{"class":66},[52,8393,8394],{"class":155},"has_name",[52,8396,159],{"class":66},[14,8398,164],{},[42,8400,8401],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8402,8403],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8404,8405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8406,4374],{"class":128},[14,8408,8409,8410,30,8412,8414],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[49,8411,862],{},[49,8413,4069],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[487,8416,8418],{"id":8417},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8420,8421],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[42,8423,8425],{"className":44,"code":8424,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[49,8426,8427,8447,8451,8459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8428,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8430,4012],{"class":58},[52,8432,63],{"class":62},[52,8434,4017],{"class":66},[52,8436,1565],{"class":110},[52,8438,193],{"class":66},[52,8440,1570],{"class":110},[52,8442,193],{"class":66},[52,8444,2850],{"class":110},[52,8446,4030],{"class":66},[52,8448,8449],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8450,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,8452,8453,8455,8457],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,8454,7395],{"class":4272},[52,8456,4659],{"class":58},[52,8458,6792],{"class":66},[52,8460,8461,8464,8466,8468,8471,8473],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,8462,8463],{"class":148},"    print",[52,8465,152],{"class":66},[52,8467,81],{"class":73},[52,8469,8470],{"class":77},"The list is not empty",[52,8472,81],{"class":73},[52,8474,159],{"class":66},[14,8476,164],{},[42,8478,8480],{"className":44,"code":8479,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"The list is not empty\n",[49,8481,8482],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8483,8484,8486,8489,8492,8495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8485,2374],{"class":58},[52,8487,8488],{"class":646},"list",[52,8490,8491],{"class":62}," is",[52,8493,8494],{"class":62}," not",[52,8496,8497],{"class":58}," empty\n",[14,8499,8500,8501,35],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[26,8502,8504],{"href":8503},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[37,8506,8508],{"id":8507},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8510,8511,8512,8514],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[49,8513,4208],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8516,8517],{},"It does not do that.",[487,8519,8521,2795,8524],{"id":8520},"boolfalse-returns-true",[49,8522,8523],{},"bool(\"False\")",[49,8525,862],{},[42,8527,8528],{"className":44,"code":8113,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8529,8530],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8531,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8533,149],{"class":148},[52,8535,152],{"class":66},[52,8537,4263],{"class":646},[52,8539,152],{"class":66},[52,8541,81],{"class":73},[52,8543,4069],{"class":77},[52,8545,81],{"class":73},[52,8547,742],{"class":66},[14,8549,164],{},[42,8551,8552],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8553,8554],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8555,8556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8557,4374],{"class":128},[487,8559,8561,2795,8564],{"id":8560},"bool0-returns-true",[49,8562,8563],{},"bool(\"0\")",[49,8565,862],{},[42,8567,8569],{"className":44,"code":8568,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[49,8570,8571],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8572,8573,8575,8577,8579,8581,8583,8585,8587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8574,149],{"class":148},[52,8576,152],{"class":66},[52,8578,4263],{"class":646},[52,8580,152],{"class":66},[52,8582,81],{"class":73},[52,8584,2514],{"class":77},[52,8586,81],{"class":73},[52,8588,742],{"class":66},[14,8590,164],{},[42,8592,8593],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8594,8595],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8596,8597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8598,4374],{"class":128},[14,8600,8601,8602,35],{},"This happens because both values are ",[18,8603,7943],{},[14,8605,8606,8608],{},[49,8607,4208],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8610,8611,8612,8617,8618,8620],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[26,8613,8615],{"href":8614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[49,8616,3355],{},", because ",[49,8619,3355],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8622,511],{},[42,8624,8626],{"className":44,"code":8625,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[49,8627,8628,8649],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8629,8630,8633,8635,8638,8640,8642,8645,8647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8631,8632],{"class":58},"user_value ",[52,8634,63],{"class":62},[52,8636,8637],{"class":148}," input",[52,8639,152],{"class":66},[52,8641,81],{"class":73},[52,8643,8644],{"class":77},"Enter True or False: ",[52,8646,81],{"class":73},[52,8648,159],{"class":66},[52,8650,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8662],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8652,149],{"class":148},[52,8654,152],{"class":66},[52,8656,4263],{"class":646},[52,8658,152],{"class":66},[52,8660,8661],{"class":155},"user_value",[52,8663,742],{"class":66},[14,8665,8666,8667,8669,8670,8617,8672,8674],{},"If the user types ",[49,8668,4069],{},", the result will still be ",[49,8671,862],{},[49,8673,7078],{}," is not empty.",[37,8676,8678],{"id":8677},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8680,8681,8682,8684,8685,8687],{},"In many ",[49,8683,7395],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[49,8686,4208],{}," yourself.",[14,8689,8690],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8692,8693],{},"Instead of this:",[42,8695,8697],{"className":44,"code":8696,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[49,8698,8699,8720,8724,8738],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8700,8701,8704,8706,8708,8710,8712,8714,8716,8718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8702,8703],{"class":58},"my_list ",[52,8705,63],{"class":62},[52,8707,4017],{"class":66},[52,8709,1565],{"class":110},[52,8711,193],{"class":66},[52,8713,1570],{"class":110},[52,8715,193],{"class":66},[52,8717,2850],{"class":110},[52,8719,4030],{"class":66},[52,8721,8722],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8723,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,8725,8726,8728,8730,8732,8735],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,8727,7395],{"class":4272},[52,8729,8375],{"class":646},[52,8731,152],{"class":66},[52,8733,8734],{"class":155},"my_list",[52,8736,8737],{"class":66},"):\n",[52,8739,8740,8742,8744,8746,8749,8751],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,8741,8463],{"class":148},[52,8743,152],{"class":66},[52,8745,81],{"class":73},[52,8747,8748],{"class":77},"List has items",[52,8750,81],{"class":73},[52,8752,159],{"class":66},[14,8754,8755],{},"You can simply write:",[42,8757,8759],{"className":44,"code":8758,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[49,8760,8761,8781,8785,8794],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8762,8763,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8764,8703],{"class":58},[52,8766,63],{"class":62},[52,8768,4017],{"class":66},[52,8770,1565],{"class":110},[52,8772,193],{"class":66},[52,8774,1570],{"class":110},[52,8776,193],{"class":66},[52,8778,2850],{"class":110},[52,8780,4030],{"class":66},[52,8782,8783],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8784,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,8786,8787,8789,8792],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,8788,7395],{"class":4272},[52,8790,8791],{"class":58}," my_list",[52,8793,6792],{"class":66},[52,8795,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,8797,8463],{"class":148},[52,8799,152],{"class":66},[52,8801,81],{"class":73},[52,8803,8748],{"class":77},[52,8805,81],{"class":73},[52,8807,159],{"class":66},[14,8809,8810],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8812,8813,8814,8816],{},"Using ",[49,8815,4208],{}," is still helpful when:",[227,8818,8819,8822,8830],{},[230,8820,8821],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[230,8823,8824,8825,30,8827,8829],{},"you want to store a real ",[49,8826,862],{},[49,8828,4069],{}," value",[230,8831,8832],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8834,8835,8836,35],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[26,8837,8838],{"href":2696},"Python type() function explained",[37,8840,1743],{"id":1742},[14,8842,8843,8844,35],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[49,8845,4208],{},[487,8847,8849,8850,8852,8853],{"id":8848},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[49,8851,8523],{}," to return ",[49,8854,4069],{},[14,8856,8857],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[42,8859,8860],{"className":44,"code":8113,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8861,8862],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8863,8864,8866,8868,8870,8872,8874,8876,8878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8865,149],{"class":148},[52,8867,152],{"class":66},[52,8869,4263],{"class":646},[52,8871,152],{"class":66},[52,8873,81],{"class":73},[52,8875,4069],{"class":77},[52,8877,81],{"class":73},[52,8879,742],{"class":66},[14,8881,164],{},[42,8883,8884],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8885,8886],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8887,8888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8889,4374],{"class":128},[14,8891,8892,8893,7079],{},"Why? Because ",[49,8894,7078],{},[14,8896,8897],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[42,8899,8901],{"className":44,"code":8900,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[49,8902,8903,8915],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8904,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8906,2845],{"class":58},[52,8908,63],{"class":62},[52,8910,87],{"class":73},[52,8912,4069],{"class":77},[52,8914,297],{"class":73},[52,8916,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8918,149],{"class":148},[52,8920,152],{"class":66},[52,8922,2845],{"class":155},[52,8924,5084],{"class":62},[52,8926,87],{"class":73},[52,8928,862],{"class":77},[52,8930,81],{"class":73},[52,8932,159],{"class":66},[14,8934,164],{},[42,8936,8937],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,8938,8939],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8940,8941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8942,4435],{"class":128},[487,8944,8946],{"id":8945},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8948,8949,8951],{},[49,8950,3355],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[42,8953,8955],{"className":44,"code":8954,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[49,8956,8957,8976],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,8958,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8972,8974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8960,2845],{"class":58},[52,8962,63],{"class":62},[52,8964,8637],{"class":148},[52,8966,152],{"class":66},[52,8968,81],{"class":73},[52,8970,8971],{"class":77},"Enter yes or no: ",[52,8973,81],{"class":73},[52,8975,159],{"class":66},[52,8977,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,8979,149],{"class":148},[52,8981,152],{"class":66},[52,8983,4263],{"class":646},[52,8985,152],{"class":66},[52,8987,263],{"class":155},[52,8989,742],{"class":66},[14,8991,8666,8992,8995,8996,8998,8999,8674],{},[49,8993,8994],{},"no",", the result is still ",[49,8997,862],{}," because ",[49,9000,9001],{},"\"no\"",[14,9003,9004],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[42,9006,9008],{"className":44,"code":9007,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[49,9009,9010,9040],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9011,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9029,9032,9035,9038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9013,2845],{"class":58},[52,9015,63],{"class":62},[52,9017,8637],{"class":148},[52,9019,152],{"class":66},[52,9021,81],{"class":73},[52,9023,8971],{"class":77},[52,9025,81],{"class":73},[52,9027,9028],{"class":66},").",[52,9030,9031],{"class":155},"strip",[52,9033,9034],{"class":66},"().",[52,9036,9037],{"class":155},"lower",[52,9039,650],{"class":66},[52,9041,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9055,9057],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9043,149],{"class":148},[52,9045,152],{"class":66},[52,9047,2845],{"class":155},[52,9049,5084],{"class":62},[52,9051,87],{"class":73},[52,9053,9054],{"class":77},"yes",[52,9056,81],{"class":73},[52,9058,159],{"class":66},[14,9060,9061,9062,9064,9065,35],{},"This gives ",[49,9063,862],{}," only when the user enters ",[49,9066,9054],{},[487,9068,9070],{"id":9069},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,9072,9073],{},"These are different:",[227,9075,9076,9080,9084,9088,9092],{},[230,9077,9078],{},[49,9079,4069],{},[230,9081,9082],{},[49,9083,2514],{},[230,9085,9086],{},[49,9087,6671],{},[230,9089,9090],{},[49,9091,4184],{},[230,9093,9094],{},[49,9095,4175],{},[14,9097,9098,9099,9101,9102,9104],{},"They all become ",[49,9100,4069],{}," with ",[49,9103,4208],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,9106,9107],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[42,9109,9111],{"className":44,"code":9110,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[49,9112,9113,9121,9135],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9114,9115,9117,9119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9116,2845],{"class":58},[52,9118,63],{"class":62},[52,9120,8233],{"class":66},[52,9122,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9124,149],{"class":148},[52,9126,152],{"class":66},[52,9128,734],{"class":646},[52,9130,152],{"class":66},[52,9132,263],{"class":155},[52,9134,742],{"class":66},[52,9136,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,9138,149],{"class":148},[52,9140,152],{"class":66},[52,9142,4263],{"class":646},[52,9144,152],{"class":66},[52,9146,263],{"class":155},[52,9148,742],{"class":66},[14,9150,164],{},[42,9152,9154],{"className":44,"code":9153,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[49,9155,9156,9170],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9157,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9159,771],{"class":62},[52,9161,775],{"class":774},[52,9163,186],{"class":73},[52,9165,8488],{"class":77},[52,9167,177],{"class":73},[52,9169,785],{"class":62},[52,9171,9172],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9173,4435],{"class":128},[487,9175,8813,9177,9179],{"id":9176},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[49,9178,343],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9181,9182,9183,9185],{},"In Python, ",[49,9184,343],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[42,9187,9189],{"className":44,"code":9188,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type({}))\n",[49,9190,9191],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9192,9193,9195,9197,9199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9194,149],{"class":148},[52,9196,152],{"class":66},[52,9198,734],{"class":646},[52,9200,7854],{"class":66},[14,9202,164],{},[42,9204,9206],{"className":44,"code":9205,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[49,9207,9208],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9209,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9211,771],{"class":62},[52,9213,775],{"class":774},[52,9215,186],{"class":73},[52,9217,780],{"class":77},[52,9219,177],{"class":73},[52,9221,785],{"class":62},[14,9223,9224],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[42,9226,9228],{"className":44,"code":9227,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(set()))\n",[49,9229,9230],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9231,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9233,149],{"class":148},[52,9235,152],{"class":66},[52,9237,734],{"class":646},[52,9239,152],{"class":66},[52,9241,796],{"class":646},[52,9243,6688],{"class":66},[14,9245,164],{},[42,9247,9249],{"className":44,"code":9248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[49,9250,9251],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9252,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9254,771],{"class":62},[52,9256,775],{"class":774},[52,9258,186],{"class":73},[52,9260,796],{"class":77},[52,9262,177],{"class":73},[52,9264,785],{"class":62},[37,9266,9268],{"id":9267},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9270,9271,9272,9274],{},"If ",[49,9273,4208],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[42,9276,9278],{"className":44,"code":9277,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[49,9279,9280,9294,9308,9318,9336],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9281,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9283,149],{"class":148},[52,9285,152],{"class":66},[52,9287,4263],{"class":646},[52,9289,152],{"class":66},[52,9291,263],{"class":155},[52,9293,742],{"class":66},[52,9295,9296,9298,9300,9302,9304,9306],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9297,149],{"class":148},[52,9299,152],{"class":66},[52,9301,734],{"class":646},[52,9303,152],{"class":66},[52,9305,263],{"class":155},[52,9307,742],{"class":66},[52,9309,9310,9312,9314,9316],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,9311,149],{"class":148},[52,9313,152],{"class":66},[52,9315,263],{"class":155},[52,9317,159],{"class":66},[52,9319,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,9321,149],{"class":148},[52,9323,152],{"class":66},[52,9325,2845],{"class":155},[52,9327,5084],{"class":62},[52,9329,87],{"class":73},[52,9331,862],{"class":77},[52,9333,81],{"class":73},[52,9335,159],{"class":66},[52,9337,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,9339,149],{"class":148},[52,9341,152],{"class":66},[52,9343,263],{"class":155},[52,9345,35],{"class":66},[52,9347,9031],{"class":155},[52,9349,9034],{"class":66},[52,9351,9037],{"class":155},[52,9353,2058],{"class":66},[14,9355,9356],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[227,9358,9359,9362,9365,9368],{},[230,9360,9361],{},"what the value really is",[230,9363,9364],{},"whether it is a string",[230,9366,9367],{},"whether it contains spaces",[230,9369,9370],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9372,9373,9374,35],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[26,9375,9377],{"href":9376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[37,9379,2220],{"id":2219},[487,9381,9383],{"id":9382},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9385,9386,9387,30,9389,35],{},"It returns either ",[49,9388,862],{},[49,9390,4069],{},[487,9392,9394],{"id":9393},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9396,5545,9397,35],{},[49,9398,4069],{},[487,9400,9402],{"id":9401},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9404,9405,9406,35],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[49,9407,862],{},[487,9409,9411],{"id":9410},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9413,9414,9415,35],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[49,9416,4069],{},[487,9418,9420],{"id":9419},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9422,9423,9424,30,9426,4134],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[49,9425,862],{},[49,9427,4069],{},[37,9429,2277],{"id":2276},[227,9431,9432,9437,9441,9446,9450,9455],{},[230,9433,9434],{},[26,9435,9436],{"href":6175},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[230,9438,9439],{},[26,9440,8504],{"href":8503},[230,9442,9443],{},[26,9444,9445],{"href":8614},"Python input() function explained",[230,9447,9448],{},[26,9449,8838],{"href":2696},[230,9451,9452],{},[26,9453,9454],{"href":9376},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[230,9456,9457],{},[26,9458,9459],{"href":7607},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2315,9461,9462],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":9464},[9465,9466,9467,9468,9469,9470,9476,9482,9483,9491,9492,9499],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":7545,"depth":70,"text":7546},{"id":7611,"depth":70,"text":7612},{"id":7729,"depth":70,"text":7730},{"id":7924,"depth":70,"text":7925},{"id":8154,"depth":70,"text":8155,"children":9471},[9472,9473,9474,9475],{"id":8164,"depth":98,"text":8165},{"id":8260,"depth":98,"text":8261},{"id":8345,"depth":98,"text":8346},{"id":8417,"depth":98,"text":8418},{"id":8507,"depth":70,"text":8508,"children":9477},[9478,9480],{"id":8520,"depth":98,"text":9479},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8560,"depth":98,"text":9481},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8677,"depth":70,"text":8678},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":9484},[9485,9487,9488,9489],{"id":8848,"depth":98,"text":9486},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8945,"depth":98,"text":8946},{"id":9069,"depth":98,"text":9070},{"id":9176,"depth":98,"text":9490},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9267,"depth":70,"text":9268},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":9493},[9494,9495,9496,9497,9498],{"id":9382,"depth":98,"text":9383},{"id":9393,"depth":98,"text":9394},{"id":9401,"depth":98,"text":9402},{"id":9410,"depth":98,"text":9411},{"id":9419,"depth":98,"text":9420},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7372,"description":9500},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9507,"title":9508,"body":9509,"description":11666,"extension":2357,"meta":11667,"navigation":141,"path":11668,"seo":11669,"stem":11670,"__hash__":11671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9510,"toc":11628},[9511,9516,9522,9527,9532,9543,9548,9645,9649,9715,9720,9725,9730,9733,9744,9749,9752,9763,9770,9772,9777,9779,9803,9807,9815,9817,9880,9884,9917,9921,9966,9970,10007,10011,10014,10070,10074,10120,10123,10128,10167,10171,10194,10197,10210,10223,10227,10232,10299,10303,10339,10342,10350,10353,10417,10421,10453,10459,10461,10521,10528,10531,10609,10613,10646,10650,10653,10697,10701,10737,10740,10757,10760,10763,10815,10818,10829,10836,10845,10848,10904,10908,10949,10957,10965,10971,10979,10991,10996,11007,11080,11083,11095,11106,11110,11115,11119,11121,11164,11170,11173,11236,11240,11243,11252,11257,11294,11298,11301,11309,11312,11351,11355,11358,11409,11413,11434,11440,11442,11448,11475,11478,11532,11535,11546,11548,11555,11563,11569,11574,11581,11584,11591,11598,11600,11625],[10,9512,3969,9514,3973],{"id":9513},"python-dict-function-explained",[49,9515,807],{},[14,9517,9518,9519,9521],{},"The built-in ",[49,9520,807],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9523,247,9524,9526],{},[18,9525,20],{},". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9528,9529,9531],{},[49,9530,807],{}," is commonly used to:",[227,9533,9534,9537,9540],{},[230,9535,9536],{},"create an empty dictionary",[230,9538,9539],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[230,9541,9542],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9544,9545,9546,35],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[26,9547,29],{"href":28},[42,9549,9551],{"className":44,"code":9550,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[49,9552,9553,9583,9593,9597,9631],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9554,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9556,616],{"class":58},[52,9558,63],{"class":62},[52,9560,647],{"class":646},[52,9562,152],{"class":66},[52,9564,78],{"class":834},[52,9566,63],{"class":62},[52,9568,177],{"class":73},[52,9570,5401],{"class":77},[52,9572,177],{"class":73},[52,9574,193],{"class":66},[52,9576,847],{"class":834},[52,9578,63],{"class":62},[52,9580,987],{"class":110},[52,9582,159],{"class":66},[52,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9586,149],{"class":148},[52,9588,152],{"class":66},[52,9590,630],{"class":155},[52,9592,159],{"class":66},[52,9594,9595],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,9596,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,9598,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,9600,1093],{"class":58},[52,9602,63],{"class":62},[52,9604,1098],{"class":66},[52,9606,177],{"class":73},[52,9608,26],{"class":77},[52,9610,177],{"class":73},[52,9612,193],{"class":66},[52,9614,5895],{"class":110},[52,9616,1115],{"class":66},[52,9618,1118],{"class":66},[52,9620,177],{"class":73},[52,9622,5157],{"class":77},[52,9624,177],{"class":73},[52,9626,193],{"class":66},[52,9628,1570],{"class":110},[52,9630,1151],{"class":66},[52,9632,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,9634,149],{"class":148},[52,9636,152],{"class":66},[52,9638,780],{"class":646},[52,9640,152],{"class":66},[52,9642,1168],{"class":155},[52,9644,742],{"class":66},[14,9646,9647],{},[18,9648,164],{},[42,9650,9652],{"className":44,"code":9651,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[49,9653,9654,9687],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9655,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9657,174],{"class":66},[52,9659,177],{"class":73},[52,9661,78],{"class":77},[52,9663,177],{"class":73},[52,9665,84],{"class":66},[52,9667,186],{"class":73},[52,9669,5401],{"class":77},[52,9671,177],{"class":73},[52,9673,193],{"class":66},[52,9675,186],{"class":73},[52,9677,103],{"class":77},[52,9679,177],{"class":73},[52,9681,84],{"class":66},[52,9683,9684],{"class":110}," 25",[52,9686,135],{"class":66},[52,9688,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9690,174],{"class":66},[52,9692,177],{"class":73},[52,9694,26],{"class":77},[52,9696,177],{"class":73},[52,9698,84],{"class":66},[52,9700,5895],{"class":110},[52,9702,193],{"class":66},[52,9704,186],{"class":73},[52,9706,5157],{"class":77},[52,9708,177],{"class":73},[52,9710,84],{"class":66},[52,9712,1570],{"class":110},[52,9714,135],{"class":66},[14,9716,340,9717,9719],{},[49,9718,807],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[37,9721,4073,9723,4076],{"id":9722},"what-dict-does",[49,9724,807],{},[14,9726,9727,9729],{},[49,9728,807],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9731,9732],{},"A dictionary:",[227,9734,9735,9738,9741],{},[230,9736,9737],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[230,9739,9740],{},"lets you look up values by key",[230,9742,9743],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9745,9746,9748],{},[49,9747,807],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9750,9751],{},"Common uses include:",[227,9753,9754,9757,9760],{},[230,9755,9756],{},"making an empty dictionary",[230,9758,9759],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[230,9761,9762],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9764,9765,9766,35],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[26,9767,9769],{"href":9768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[37,9771,2553],{"id":2552},[14,9773,9774,9776],{},[49,9775,807],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[487,9778,600],{"id":599},[42,9780,9781],{"className":44,"code":635,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,9782,9783,9793],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9784,9785,9787,9789,9791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9786,616],{"class":58},[52,9788,63],{"class":62},[52,9790,647],{"class":646},[52,9792,650],{"class":66},[52,9794,9795,9797,9799,9801],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9796,149],{"class":148},[52,9798,152],{"class":66},[52,9800,630],{"class":155},[52,9802,159],{"class":66},[14,9804,9805],{},[18,9806,164],{},[42,9808,9809],{"className":44,"code":667,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,9810,9811],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9812,9813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9814,667],{"class":66},[487,9816,1075],{"id":1074},[42,9818,9820],{"className":44,"code":9819,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[49,9821,9822,9856,9870],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9823,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9825,1093],{"class":58},[52,9827,63],{"class":62},[52,9829,1098],{"class":66},[52,9831,177],{"class":73},[52,9833,26],{"class":77},[52,9835,177],{"class":73},[52,9837,193],{"class":66},[52,9839,5895],{"class":110},[52,9841,1115],{"class":66},[52,9843,1118],{"class":66},[52,9845,177],{"class":73},[52,9847,5157],{"class":77},[52,9849,177],{"class":73},[52,9851,193],{"class":66},[52,9853,1570],{"class":110},[52,9855,1151],{"class":66},[52,9857,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9859,616],{"class":58},[52,9861,63],{"class":62},[52,9863,647],{"class":646},[52,9865,152],{"class":66},[52,9867,1168],{"class":155},[52,9869,159],{"class":66},[52,9871,9872,9874,9876,9878],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,9873,149],{"class":148},[52,9875,152],{"class":66},[52,9877,630],{"class":155},[52,9879,159],{"class":66},[14,9881,9882],{},[18,9883,164],{},[42,9885,9887],{"className":44,"code":9886,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[49,9888,9889],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9890,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9892,174],{"class":66},[52,9894,177],{"class":73},[52,9896,26],{"class":77},[52,9898,177],{"class":73},[52,9900,84],{"class":66},[52,9902,5895],{"class":110},[52,9904,193],{"class":66},[52,9906,186],{"class":73},[52,9908,5157],{"class":77},[52,9910,177],{"class":73},[52,9912,84],{"class":66},[52,9914,1570],{"class":110},[52,9916,135],{"class":66},[487,9918,9920],{"id":9919},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[42,9922,9924],{"className":44,"code":9923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[49,9925,9926,9956],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9927,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9929,616],{"class":58},[52,9931,63],{"class":62},[52,9933,647],{"class":646},[52,9935,152],{"class":66},[52,9937,78],{"class":834},[52,9939,63],{"class":62},[52,9941,177],{"class":73},[52,9943,5401],{"class":77},[52,9945,177],{"class":73},[52,9947,193],{"class":66},[52,9949,847],{"class":834},[52,9951,63],{"class":62},[52,9953,987],{"class":110},[52,9955,159],{"class":66},[52,9957,9958,9960,9962,9964],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,9959,149],{"class":148},[52,9961,152],{"class":66},[52,9963,630],{"class":155},[52,9965,159],{"class":66},[14,9967,9968],{},[18,9969,164],{},[42,9971,9973],{"className":44,"code":9972,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[49,9974,9975],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,9976,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9978,174],{"class":66},[52,9980,177],{"class":73},[52,9982,78],{"class":77},[52,9984,177],{"class":73},[52,9986,84],{"class":66},[52,9988,186],{"class":73},[52,9990,5401],{"class":77},[52,9992,177],{"class":73},[52,9994,193],{"class":66},[52,9996,186],{"class":73},[52,9998,103],{"class":77},[52,10000,177],{"class":73},[52,10002,84],{"class":66},[52,10004,9684],{"class":110},[52,10006,135],{"class":66},[487,10008,10010],{"id":10009},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,10012,10013],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[42,10015,10017],{"className":44,"code":10016,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[49,10018,10019,10060],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10020,10021,10023,10025,10027,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10054,10056,10058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10022,616],{"class":58},[52,10024,63],{"class":62},[52,10026,647],{"class":646},[52,10028,10029],{"class":66},"([(",[52,10031,177],{"class":73},[52,10033,26],{"class":77},[52,10035,177],{"class":73},[52,10037,193],{"class":66},[52,10039,5895],{"class":110},[52,10041,10042],{"class":66},")],",[52,10044,2958],{"class":834},[52,10046,63],{"class":62},[52,10048,2451],{"class":110},[52,10050,193],{"class":66},[52,10052,10053],{"class":834}," c",[52,10055,63],{"class":62},[52,10057,2457],{"class":110},[52,10059,159],{"class":66},[52,10061,10062,10064,10066,10068],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10063,149],{"class":148},[52,10065,152],{"class":66},[52,10067,630],{"class":155},[52,10069,159],{"class":66},[14,10071,10072],{},[18,10073,164],{},[42,10075,10077],{"className":44,"code":10076,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[49,10078,10079],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10080,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10082,174],{"class":66},[52,10084,177],{"class":73},[52,10086,26],{"class":77},[52,10088,177],{"class":73},[52,10090,84],{"class":66},[52,10092,5895],{"class":110},[52,10094,193],{"class":66},[52,10096,186],{"class":73},[52,10098,5157],{"class":77},[52,10100,177],{"class":73},[52,10102,84],{"class":66},[52,10104,1570],{"class":110},[52,10106,193],{"class":66},[52,10108,186],{"class":73},[52,10110,10111],{"class":77},"c",[52,10113,177],{"class":73},[52,10115,84],{"class":66},[52,10117,2850],{"class":110},[52,10119,135],{"class":66},[37,10121,600],{"id":10122},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,10124,340,10125,10127],{},[49,10126,807],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[42,10129,10131],{"className":44,"code":10130,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[49,10132,10133,10143,10157],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10134,10135,10137,10139,10141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10136,616],{"class":58},[52,10138,63],{"class":62},[52,10140,647],{"class":646},[52,10142,650],{"class":66},[52,10144,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10146,149],{"class":148},[52,10148,152],{"class":66},[52,10150,734],{"class":646},[52,10152,152],{"class":66},[52,10154,630],{"class":155},[52,10156,742],{"class":66},[52,10158,10159,10161,10163,10165],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,10160,149],{"class":148},[52,10162,152],{"class":66},[52,10164,630],{"class":155},[52,10166,159],{"class":66},[14,10168,10169],{},[18,10170,164],{},[42,10172,10174],{"className":44,"code":10173,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[49,10175,10176,10190],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10177,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10179,771],{"class":62},[52,10181,775],{"class":774},[52,10183,186],{"class":73},[52,10185,780],{"class":77},[52,10187,177],{"class":73},[52,10189,785],{"class":62},[52,10191,10192],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10193,667],{"class":66},[14,10195,10196],{},"This gives the same result as:",[42,10198,10200],{"className":44,"code":10199,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {}\n",[49,10201,10202],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10203,10204,10206,10208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10205,616],{"class":58},[52,10207,63],{"class":62},[52,10209,621],{"class":66},[14,10211,10212,10213,10215,10216,10219,10220,10222],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[49,10214,343],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10217,10218],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[49,10221,807],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[37,10224,10226],{"id":10225},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10228,10229,10230,35],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[49,10231,807],{},[42,10233,10235],{"className":44,"code":10234,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[49,10236,10237,10275,10289],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10238,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10240,1093],{"class":58},[52,10242,63],{"class":62},[52,10244,1098],{"class":66},[52,10246,177],{"class":73},[52,10248,78],{"class":77},[52,10250,177],{"class":73},[52,10252,193],{"class":66},[52,10254,186],{"class":73},[52,10256,5401],{"class":77},[52,10258,177],{"class":73},[52,10260,1115],{"class":66},[52,10262,1118],{"class":66},[52,10264,177],{"class":73},[52,10266,103],{"class":77},[52,10268,177],{"class":73},[52,10270,193],{"class":66},[52,10272,9684],{"class":110},[52,10274,1151],{"class":66},[52,10276,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10278,616],{"class":58},[52,10280,63],{"class":62},[52,10282,647],{"class":646},[52,10284,152],{"class":66},[52,10286,1168],{"class":155},[52,10288,159],{"class":66},[52,10290,10291,10293,10295,10297],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,10292,149],{"class":148},[52,10294,152],{"class":66},[52,10296,630],{"class":155},[52,10298,159],{"class":66},[14,10300,10301],{},[18,10302,164],{},[42,10304,10305],{"className":44,"code":9972,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,10306,10307],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10310,174],{"class":66},[52,10312,177],{"class":73},[52,10314,78],{"class":77},[52,10316,177],{"class":73},[52,10318,84],{"class":66},[52,10320,186],{"class":73},[52,10322,5401],{"class":77},[52,10324,177],{"class":73},[52,10326,193],{"class":66},[52,10328,186],{"class":73},[52,10330,103],{"class":77},[52,10332,177],{"class":73},[52,10334,84],{"class":66},[52,10336,9684],{"class":110},[52,10338,135],{"class":66},[14,10340,10341],{},"Each pair becomes:",[227,10343,10344,10347],{},[230,10345,10346],{},"the first item as the key",[230,10348,10349],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10351,10352],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[42,10354,10356],{"className":44,"code":10355,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[49,10357,10358,10393,10407],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10359,10360,10362,10364,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10361,1093],{"class":58},[52,10363,63],{"class":62},[52,10365,10366],{"class":66}," ((",[52,10368,177],{"class":73},[52,10370,26],{"class":77},[52,10372,177],{"class":73},[52,10374,193],{"class":66},[52,10376,5895],{"class":110},[52,10378,1115],{"class":66},[52,10380,1118],{"class":66},[52,10382,177],{"class":73},[52,10384,5157],{"class":77},[52,10386,177],{"class":73},[52,10388,193],{"class":66},[52,10390,1570],{"class":110},[52,10392,742],{"class":66},[52,10394,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10396,616],{"class":58},[52,10398,63],{"class":62},[52,10400,647],{"class":646},[52,10402,152],{"class":66},[52,10404,1168],{"class":155},[52,10406,159],{"class":66},[52,10408,10409,10411,10413,10415],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,10410,149],{"class":148},[52,10412,152],{"class":66},[52,10414,630],{"class":155},[52,10416,159],{"class":66},[14,10418,10419],{},[18,10420,164],{},[42,10422,10423],{"className":44,"code":9886,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,10424,10425],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10426,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10428,174],{"class":66},[52,10430,177],{"class":73},[52,10432,26],{"class":77},[52,10434,177],{"class":73},[52,10436,84],{"class":66},[52,10438,5895],{"class":110},[52,10440,193],{"class":66},[52,10442,186],{"class":73},[52,10444,5157],{"class":77},[52,10446,177],{"class":73},[52,10448,84],{"class":66},[52,10450,1570],{"class":110},[52,10452,135],{"class":66},[14,10454,10455,10456,35],{},"Each item must contain ",[18,10457,10458],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10460,3235],{},[42,10462,10464],{"className":44,"code":10463,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[49,10465,10466,10506],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10467,10468,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10469,10470],{"class":58},"bad_data ",[52,10472,63],{"class":62},[52,10474,1098],{"class":66},[52,10476,177],{"class":73},[52,10478,26],{"class":77},[52,10480,177],{"class":73},[52,10482,193],{"class":66},[52,10484,5895],{"class":110},[52,10486,193],{"class":66},[52,10488,10489],{"class":110}," 100",[52,10491,1115],{"class":66},[52,10493,1118],{"class":66},[52,10495,177],{"class":73},[52,10497,5157],{"class":77},[52,10499,177],{"class":73},[52,10501,193],{"class":66},[52,10503,1570],{"class":110},[52,10505,1151],{"class":66},[52,10507,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10519],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10509,2626],{"class":58},[52,10511,63],{"class":62},[52,10513,647],{"class":646},[52,10515,152],{"class":66},[52,10517,10518],{"class":155},"bad_data",[52,10520,159],{"class":66},[14,10522,10523,10524,10527],{},"Python raises an error because ",[49,10525,10526],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10529,10530],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[42,10532,10534],{"className":44,"code":10533,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[49,10535,10536,10585,10599],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10537,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10539,1093],{"class":58},[52,10541,63],{"class":62},[52,10543,1098],{"class":66},[52,10545,177],{"class":73},[52,10547,26],{"class":77},[52,10549,177],{"class":73},[52,10551,193],{"class":66},[52,10553,5895],{"class":110},[52,10555,1115],{"class":66},[52,10557,1118],{"class":66},[52,10559,177],{"class":73},[52,10561,26],{"class":77},[52,10563,177],{"class":73},[52,10565,193],{"class":66},[52,10567,10568],{"class":110}," 99",[52,10570,1115],{"class":66},[52,10572,1118],{"class":66},[52,10574,177],{"class":73},[52,10576,5157],{"class":77},[52,10578,177],{"class":73},[52,10580,193],{"class":66},[52,10582,1570],{"class":110},[52,10584,1151],{"class":66},[52,10586,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10588,616],{"class":58},[52,10590,63],{"class":62},[52,10592,647],{"class":646},[52,10594,152],{"class":66},[52,10596,1168],{"class":155},[52,10598,159],{"class":66},[52,10600,10601,10603,10605,10607],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,10602,149],{"class":148},[52,10604,152],{"class":66},[52,10606,630],{"class":155},[52,10608,159],{"class":66},[14,10610,10611],{},[18,10612,164],{},[42,10614,10616],{"className":44,"code":10615,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[49,10617,10618],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10619,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10621,174],{"class":66},[52,10623,177],{"class":73},[52,10625,26],{"class":77},[52,10627,177],{"class":73},[52,10629,84],{"class":66},[52,10631,10568],{"class":110},[52,10633,193],{"class":66},[52,10635,186],{"class":73},[52,10637,5157],{"class":77},[52,10639,177],{"class":73},[52,10641,84],{"class":66},[52,10643,1570],{"class":110},[52,10645,135],{"class":66},[37,10647,10649],{"id":10648},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10651,10652],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[42,10654,10655],{"className":44,"code":9923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,10656,10657,10687],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10658,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10660,616],{"class":58},[52,10662,63],{"class":62},[52,10664,647],{"class":646},[52,10666,152],{"class":66},[52,10668,78],{"class":834},[52,10670,63],{"class":62},[52,10672,177],{"class":73},[52,10674,5401],{"class":77},[52,10676,177],{"class":73},[52,10678,193],{"class":66},[52,10680,847],{"class":834},[52,10682,63],{"class":62},[52,10684,987],{"class":110},[52,10686,159],{"class":66},[52,10688,10689,10691,10693,10695],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10690,149],{"class":148},[52,10692,152],{"class":66},[52,10694,630],{"class":155},[52,10696,159],{"class":66},[14,10698,10699],{},[18,10700,164],{},[42,10702,10703],{"className":44,"code":9972,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,10704,10705],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10706,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10708,174],{"class":66},[52,10710,177],{"class":73},[52,10712,78],{"class":77},[52,10714,177],{"class":73},[52,10716,84],{"class":66},[52,10718,186],{"class":73},[52,10720,5401],{"class":77},[52,10722,177],{"class":73},[52,10724,193],{"class":66},[52,10726,186],{"class":73},[52,10728,103],{"class":77},[52,10730,177],{"class":73},[52,10732,84],{"class":66},[52,10734,9684],{"class":110},[52,10736,135],{"class":66},[14,10738,10739],{},"In this form:",[227,10741,10742,10750],{},[230,10743,10744,10746,10747],{},[49,10745,78],{}," becomes the string key ",[49,10748,10749],{},"'name'",[230,10751,10752,10746,10754],{},[49,10753,103],{},[49,10755,10756],{},"'age'",[14,10758,10759],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10761,10762],{},"Valid examples:",[42,10764,10766],{"className":44,"code":10765,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[49,10767,10768,10805],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10769,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10787,10789,10791,10794,10796,10798,10801,10803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10771,616],{"class":58},[52,10773,63],{"class":62},[52,10775,647],{"class":646},[52,10777,152],{"class":66},[52,10779,1137],{"class":834},[52,10781,63],{"class":62},[52,10783,177],{"class":73},[52,10785,10786],{"class":77},"Paris",[52,10788,177],{"class":73},[52,10790,193],{"class":66},[52,10792,10793],{"class":834}," country",[52,10795,63],{"class":62},[52,10797,177],{"class":73},[52,10799,10800],{"class":77},"France",[52,10802,177],{"class":73},[52,10804,159],{"class":66},[52,10806,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10808,149],{"class":148},[52,10810,152],{"class":66},[52,10812,630],{"class":155},[52,10814,159],{"class":66},[14,10816,10817],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[227,10819,10820,10823,10826],{},[230,10821,10822],{},"spaces",[230,10824,10825],{},"hyphens",[230,10827,10828],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10830,10831,10832,10835],{},"For example, this is ",[18,10833,10834],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[42,10837,10839],{"className":44,"code":10838,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[49,10840,10841],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10842,10843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10844,10838],{"class":1017},[14,10846,10847],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[42,10849,10851],{"className":44,"code":10850,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[49,10852,10853,10894],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10854,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10856,616],{"class":58},[52,10858,63],{"class":62},[52,10860,1799],{"class":66},[52,10862,177],{"class":73},[52,10864,1043],{"class":77},[52,10866,177],{"class":73},[52,10868,84],{"class":66},[52,10870,186],{"class":73},[52,10872,976],{"class":77},[52,10874,177],{"class":73},[52,10876,193],{"class":66},[52,10878,186],{"class":73},[52,10880,10881],{"class":77},"first name",[52,10883,177],{"class":73},[52,10885,84],{"class":66},[52,10887,186],{"class":73},[52,10889,976],{"class":77},[52,10891,177],{"class":73},[52,10893,135],{"class":66},[52,10895,10896,10898,10900,10902],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,10897,149],{"class":148},[52,10899,152],{"class":66},[52,10901,630],{"class":155},[52,10903,159],{"class":66},[14,10905,10906],{},[18,10907,164],{},[42,10909,10911],{"className":44,"code":10910,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[49,10912,10913],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10914,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10916,174],{"class":66},[52,10918,177],{"class":73},[52,10920,1043],{"class":77},[52,10922,177],{"class":73},[52,10924,84],{"class":66},[52,10926,186],{"class":73},[52,10928,976],{"class":77},[52,10930,177],{"class":73},[52,10932,193],{"class":66},[52,10934,186],{"class":73},[52,10936,10881],{"class":77},[52,10938,177],{"class":73},[52,10940,84],{"class":66},[52,10942,186],{"class":73},[52,10944,976],{"class":77},[52,10946,177],{"class":73},[52,10948,135],{"class":66},[37,10950,10952,10954,10955],{"id":10951},"dict-vs",[49,10953,807],{}," vs ",[49,10956,343],{},[14,10958,10959,10960,2262,10962,10964],{},"Both ",[49,10961,807],{},[49,10963,343],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[487,10966,340,10968,10970],{"id":10967},"use-when",[49,10969,343],{}," when:",[227,10972,10973,10976],{},[230,10974,10975],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[230,10977,10978],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[42,10980,10981],{"className":44,"code":10199,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,10982,10983],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,10984,10985,10987,10989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10986,616],{"class":58},[52,10988,63],{"class":62},[52,10990,621],{"class":66},[487,10992,340,10994,10970],{"id":10993},"use-dict-when",[49,10995,807],{},[227,10997,10998,11001,11004],{},[230,10999,11000],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[230,11002,11003],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[230,11005,11006],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[42,11008,11010],{"className":44,"code":11009,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[49,11011,11012,11049],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11013,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11015,616],{"class":58},[52,11017,63],{"class":62},[52,11019,647],{"class":646},[52,11021,10029],{"class":66},[52,11023,177],{"class":73},[52,11025,26],{"class":77},[52,11027,177],{"class":73},[52,11029,193],{"class":66},[52,11031,5895],{"class":110},[52,11033,1115],{"class":66},[52,11035,1118],{"class":66},[52,11037,177],{"class":73},[52,11039,5157],{"class":77},[52,11041,177],{"class":73},[52,11043,193],{"class":66},[52,11045,1570],{"class":110},[52,11047,11048],{"class":66},")])\n",[52,11050,11051,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066,11068,11070,11072,11074,11076,11078],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11052,11053],{"class":58},"info ",[52,11055,63],{"class":62},[52,11057,647],{"class":646},[52,11059,152],{"class":66},[52,11061,78],{"class":834},[52,11063,63],{"class":62},[52,11065,177],{"class":73},[52,11067,5401],{"class":77},[52,11069,177],{"class":73},[52,11071,193],{"class":66},[52,11073,847],{"class":834},[52,11075,63],{"class":62},[52,11077,987],{"class":110},[52,11079,159],{"class":66},[14,11081,11082],{},"So:",[227,11084,11085,11090],{},[230,11086,11087,11089],{},[49,11088,343],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[230,11091,11092,11094],{},[49,11093,807],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,11096,11097,11098,11101,11102,35],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[26,11099,11100],{"href":2297},"add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[26,11103,2199,11104,2292],{"href":2288},[49,11105,2291],{},[37,11107,11109],{"id":11108},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,11111,11112,11113,35],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[49,11114,807],{},[487,11116,11118],{"id":11117},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,11120,4922],{},[42,11122,11124],{"className":44,"code":11123,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[49,11125,11126,11150],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11127,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11129,8175],{"class":58},[52,11131,63],{"class":62},[52,11133,4017],{"class":66},[52,11135,177],{"class":73},[52,11137,26],{"class":77},[52,11139,177],{"class":73},[52,11141,193],{"class":66},[52,11143,186],{"class":73},[52,11145,5157],{"class":77},[52,11147,177],{"class":73},[52,11149,4030],{"class":66},[52,11151,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160,11162],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11153,616],{"class":58},[52,11155,63],{"class":62},[52,11157,647],{"class":646},[52,11159,152],{"class":66},[52,11161,8204],{"class":155},[52,11163,159],{"class":66},[14,11165,11166,11167,35],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[49,11168,11169],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11171,11172],{},"Correct version:",[42,11174,11176],{"className":44,"code":11175,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[49,11177,11178,11212,11226],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11179,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11181,8175],{"class":58},[52,11183,63],{"class":62},[52,11185,1098],{"class":66},[52,11187,177],{"class":73},[52,11189,26],{"class":77},[52,11191,177],{"class":73},[52,11193,193],{"class":66},[52,11195,5895],{"class":110},[52,11197,1115],{"class":66},[52,11199,1118],{"class":66},[52,11201,177],{"class":73},[52,11203,5157],{"class":77},[52,11205,177],{"class":73},[52,11207,193],{"class":66},[52,11209,1570],{"class":110},[52,11211,1151],{"class":66},[52,11213,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222,11224],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11215,616],{"class":58},[52,11217,63],{"class":62},[52,11219,647],{"class":646},[52,11221,152],{"class":66},[52,11223,8204],{"class":155},[52,11225,159],{"class":66},[52,11227,11228,11230,11232,11234],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,11229,149],{"class":148},[52,11231,152],{"class":66},[52,11233,630],{"class":155},[52,11235,159],{"class":66},[487,11237,11239],{"id":11238},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11241,11242],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[42,11244,11246],{"className":44,"code":11245,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[49,11247,11248],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11249,11250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11251,11245],{"class":1017},[14,11253,11254,11255,84],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[49,11256,63],{},[42,11258,11260],{"className":44,"code":11259,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[49,11261,11262,11284],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11263,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11265,616],{"class":58},[52,11267,63],{"class":62},[52,11269,647],{"class":646},[52,11271,152],{"class":66},[52,11273,78],{"class":834},[52,11275,63],{"class":62},[52,11277,177],{"class":73},[52,11279,5401],{"class":77},[52,11281,177],{"class":73},[52,11283,159],{"class":66},[52,11285,11286,11288,11290,11292],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11287,149],{"class":148},[52,11289,152],{"class":66},[52,11291,630],{"class":155},[52,11293,159],{"class":66},[487,11295,11297],{"id":11296},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11299,11300],{},"This will not work:",[42,11302,11303],{"className":44,"code":10838,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,11304,11305],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11306,11307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11308,10838],{"class":1017},[14,11310,11311],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[42,11313,11315],{"className":44,"code":11314,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[49,11316,11317,11341],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11318,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333,11335,11337,11339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11320,616],{"class":58},[52,11322,63],{"class":62},[52,11324,1799],{"class":66},[52,11326,177],{"class":73},[52,11328,1043],{"class":77},[52,11330,177],{"class":73},[52,11332,84],{"class":66},[52,11334,186],{"class":73},[52,11336,976],{"class":77},[52,11338,177],{"class":73},[52,11340,135],{"class":66},[52,11342,11343,11345,11347,11349],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11344,149],{"class":148},[52,11346,152],{"class":66},[52,11348,630],{"class":155},[52,11350,159],{"class":66},[487,11352,11354],{"id":11353},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11356,11357],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[42,11359,11361],{"className":44,"code":11360,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[49,11362,11363,11399],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11364,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11366,616],{"class":58},[52,11368,63],{"class":62},[52,11370,647],{"class":646},[52,11372,10029],{"class":66},[52,11374,177],{"class":73},[52,11376,2570],{"class":77},[52,11378,177],{"class":73},[52,11380,193],{"class":66},[52,11382,5895],{"class":110},[52,11384,1115],{"class":66},[52,11386,1118],{"class":66},[52,11388,177],{"class":73},[52,11390,2570],{"class":77},[52,11392,177],{"class":73},[52,11394,193],{"class":66},[52,11396,1570],{"class":110},[52,11398,11048],{"class":66},[52,11400,11401,11403,11405,11407],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11402,149],{"class":148},[52,11404,152],{"class":66},[52,11406,630],{"class":155},[52,11408,159],{"class":66},[14,11410,11411],{},[18,11412,164],{},[42,11414,11416],{"className":44,"code":11415,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'x': 2}\n",[49,11417,11418],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11419,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11421,174],{"class":66},[52,11423,177],{"class":73},[52,11425,2570],{"class":77},[52,11427,177],{"class":73},[52,11429,84],{"class":66},[52,11431,1570],{"class":110},[52,11433,135],{"class":66},[14,11435,11436,11437,35],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[26,11438,11439],{"href":2309},"KeyError in Python",[37,11441,1743],{"id":1742},[14,11443,11444,11445,11447],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[49,11446,807],{}," include:",[227,11449,11450,11460,11466,11469],{},[230,11451,11452,11453,11456,11457],{},"passing a list like ",[49,11454,11455],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[49,11458,11459],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[230,11461,11462,11463],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[49,11464,11465],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[230,11467,11468],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[230,11470,11471,11472,11474],{},"confusing ",[49,11473,807],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11476,11477],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[42,11479,11481],{"className":44,"code":11480,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[49,11482,11483,11497,11507,11518],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11484,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11486,149],{"class":148},[52,11488,152],{"class":66},[52,11490,734],{"class":646},[52,11492,152],{"class":66},[52,11494,630],{"class":155},[52,11496,742],{"class":66},[52,11498,11499,11501,11503,11505],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11500,149],{"class":148},[52,11502,152],{"class":66},[52,11504,630],{"class":155},[52,11506,159],{"class":66},[52,11508,11509,11511,11513,11516],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,11510,149],{"class":148},[52,11512,152],{"class":66},[52,11514,11515],{"class":155},"list_of_pairs",[52,11517,159],{"class":66},[52,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,11521,149],{"class":148},[52,11523,152],{"class":66},[52,11525,2082],{"class":148},[52,11527,152],{"class":66},[52,11529,11515],{"class":155},[52,11531,742],{"class":66},[14,11533,11534],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[227,11536,11537,11540,11543],{},[230,11538,11539],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[230,11541,11542],{},"what data is being passed in",[230,11544,11545],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[37,11547,2220],{"id":2219},[487,11549,2259,11551,2262,11553,2265],{"id":11550},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[49,11552,807],{},[49,11554,343],{},[14,11556,11557,11559,11560,11562],{},[49,11558,343],{}," is the short literal form. ",[49,11561,807],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[487,11564,5567,11566,11568],{"id":11565},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[49,11567,807],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11570,11571,11572,35],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[49,11573,11459],{},[487,11575,5555,11577,11580],{"id":11576},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[49,11578,11579],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11582,11583],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[487,11585,11587,11588,11590],{"id":11586},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[49,11589,807],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11592,11593,11594,11597],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[49,11595,11596],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[37,11599,2277],{"id":2276},[227,11601,11602,11607,11611,11615,11621],{},[230,11603,11604],{},[26,11605,11606],{"href":9768},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[230,11608,11609],{},[26,11610,29],{"href":28},[230,11612,11613],{},[26,11614,2298],{"href":2297},[230,11616,11617],{},[26,11618,2199,11619,2292],{"href":2288},[49,11620,2291],{},[230,11622,11623],{},[26,11624,2310],{"href":2309},[2315,11626,11627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":11629},[11630,11632,11638,11639,11640,11641,11648,11654,11655,11665],{"id":9722,"depth":70,"text":11631},"What dict() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":11633},[11634,11635,11636,11637],{"id":599,"depth":98,"text":600},{"id":1074,"depth":98,"text":1075},{"id":9919,"depth":98,"text":9920},{"id":10009,"depth":98,"text":10010},{"id":10122,"depth":70,"text":600},{"id":10225,"depth":70,"text":10226},{"id":10648,"depth":70,"text":10649},{"id":10951,"depth":70,"text":11642,"children":11643},"dict() vs {}",[11644,11646],{"id":10967,"depth":98,"text":11645},"Use {} when:",{"id":10993,"depth":98,"text":11647},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11108,"depth":70,"text":11109,"children":11649},[11650,11651,11652,11653],{"id":11117,"depth":98,"text":11118},{"id":11238,"depth":98,"text":11239},{"id":11296,"depth":98,"text":11297},{"id":11353,"depth":98,"text":11354},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":11656},[11657,11659,11661,11663],{"id":11550,"depth":98,"text":11658},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11565,"depth":98,"text":11660},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11576,"depth":98,"text":11662},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11586,"depth":98,"text":11664},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9508,"description":11666},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11673,"title":11674,"body":11675,"description":13179,"extension":2357,"meta":13180,"navigation":141,"path":13181,"seo":13182,"stem":13183,"__hash__":13184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11676,"toc":13148},[11677,11685,11691,11698,11700,11761,11766,11771,11776,11794,11797,11801,11803,11818,11821,11834,11838,11841,11970,11972,12039,12042,12058,12064,12070,12073,12154,12156,12170,12174,12180,12245,12247,12255,12258,12281,12287,12350,12356,12359,12373,12386,12390,12401,12406,12417,12424,12428,12434,12556,12558,12584,12587,12604,12607,12718,12720,12769,12771,12784,12793,12798,12803,12814,12816,12918,12941,12943,12947,12966,12969,13027,13030,13056,13058,13065,13068,13074,13078,13085,13093,13099,13102,13104,13145],[10,11678,11680,11681,11684],{"id":11679},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[49,11682,11683],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11686,11687,11690],{},[49,11688,11689],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11692,11693,11694,11697],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[18,11695,11696],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[37,11699,40],{"id":39},[42,11701,11703],{"className":44,"code":11702,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[49,11704,11705,11737,11748],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11706,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11708,616],{"class":58},[52,11710,63],{"class":62},[52,11712,1799],{"class":66},[52,11714,81],{"class":73},[52,11716,26],{"class":77},[52,11718,81],{"class":73},[52,11720,84],{"class":66},[52,11722,5895],{"class":110},[52,11724,193],{"class":66},[52,11726,87],{"class":73},[52,11728,5157],{"class":77},[52,11730,81],{"class":73},[52,11732,84],{"class":66},[52,11734,1570],{"class":110},[52,11736,135],{"class":66},[52,11738,11739,11741,11743,11746],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11740,630],{"class":58},[52,11742,35],{"class":66},[52,11744,11745],{"class":155},"clear",[52,11747,650],{"class":66},[52,11749,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,11751,149],{"class":148},[52,11753,152],{"class":66},[52,11755,630],{"class":155},[52,11757,4056],{"class":66},[52,11759,11760],{"class":1017},"  # {}\n",[14,11762,11763,11765],{},[49,11764,11683],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[37,11767,4073,11769,4076],{"id":11768},"what-clear-does",[49,11770,11683],{},[14,11772,2374,11773,11775],{},[49,11774,11683],{}," method:",[227,11777,11778,11781,11784,11789],{},[230,11779,11780],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[230,11782,11783],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[230,11785,11786,11787],{},"Returns ",[49,11788,4175],{},[230,11790,11791,11792],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[49,11793,343],{},[14,11795,11796],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11798,9545,11799,35],{},[26,11800,29],{"href":28},[37,11802,2553],{"id":2552},[42,11804,11806],{"className":44,"code":11805,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict.clear()\n",[49,11807,11808],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11809,11810,11812,11814,11816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11811,739],{"class":58},[52,11813,35],{"class":66},[52,11815,11745],{"class":155},[52,11817,650],{"class":66},[14,11819,11820],{},"Important points:",[227,11822,11823,11828,11831],{},[230,11824,11825,11827],{},[49,11826,11683],{}," takes no arguments",[230,11829,11830],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[230,11832,11833],{},"It empties that dictionary",[37,11835,11837],{"id":11836},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11839,11840],{},"Here is a basic example:",[42,11842,11844],{"className":44,"code":11843,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[49,11845,11846,11854,11873,11887,11904,11908,11912,11932,11936,11946,11950],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11847,11848,11850,11852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11849,961],{"class":58},[52,11851,63],{"class":62},[52,11853,67],{"class":66},[52,11855,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11869,11871],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,11857,74],{"class":73},[52,11859,78],{"class":77},[52,11861,81],{"class":73},[52,11863,84],{"class":66},[52,11865,87],{"class":73},[52,11867,11868],{"class":77},"Maya",[52,11870,81],{"class":73},[52,11872,95],{"class":66},[52,11874,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,11876,74],{"class":73},[52,11878,103],{"class":77},[52,11880,81],{"class":73},[52,11882,84],{"class":66},[52,11884,9684],{"class":110},[52,11886,95],{"class":66},[52,11888,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11902],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,11890,74],{"class":73},[52,11892,1137],{"class":77},[52,11894,81],{"class":73},[52,11896,84],{"class":66},[52,11898,87],{"class":73},[52,11900,11901],{"class":77},"Berlin",[52,11903,297],{"class":73},[52,11905,11906],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,11907,135],{"class":66},[52,11909,11910],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,11911,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,11913,11914,11916,11918,11920,11923,11925,11927,11930],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,11915,149],{"class":148},[52,11917,152],{"class":66},[52,11919,81],{"class":73},[52,11921,11922],{"class":77},"Before:",[52,11924,81],{"class":73},[52,11926,193],{"class":66},[52,11928,11929],{"class":155}," user",[52,11931,159],{"class":66},[52,11933,11934],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,11935,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,11937,11938,11940,11942,11944],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,11939,998],{"class":58},[52,11941,35],{"class":66},[52,11943,11745],{"class":155},[52,11945,650],{"class":66},[52,11947,11948],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,11949,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959,11962,11964,11966,11968],{"class":54,"line":11952},11,[52,11954,149],{"class":148},[52,11956,152],{"class":66},[52,11958,81],{"class":73},[52,11960,11961],{"class":77},"After:",[52,11963,81],{"class":73},[52,11965,193],{"class":66},[52,11967,11929],{"class":155},[52,11969,159],{"class":66},[14,11971,5957],{},[42,11973,11975],{"className":44,"code":11974,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[49,11976,11977,12030],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,11978,11979,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018,12020,12022,12024,12026,12028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11980,11981],{"class":58},"Before",[52,11983,84],{"class":66},[52,11985,1799],{"class":66},[52,11987,177],{"class":73},[52,11989,78],{"class":77},[52,11991,177],{"class":73},[52,11993,84],{"class":66},[52,11995,186],{"class":73},[52,11997,11868],{"class":77},[52,11999,177],{"class":73},[52,12001,193],{"class":66},[52,12003,186],{"class":73},[52,12005,103],{"class":77},[52,12007,177],{"class":73},[52,12009,84],{"class":66},[52,12011,9684],{"class":110},[52,12013,193],{"class":66},[52,12015,186],{"class":73},[52,12017,1137],{"class":77},[52,12019,177],{"class":73},[52,12021,84],{"class":66},[52,12023,186],{"class":73},[52,12025,11901],{"class":77},[52,12027,177],{"class":73},[52,12029,135],{"class":66},[52,12031,12032,12035,12037],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12033,12034],{"class":58},"After",[52,12036,84],{"class":66},[52,12038,621],{"class":66},[14,12040,12041],{},"What happens here:",[227,12043,12044,12049,12055],{},[230,12045,12046,12048],{},[49,12047,998],{}," starts with three items",[230,12050,12051,12054],{},[49,12052,12053],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[230,12056,12057],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[37,12059,4073,12061,12063],{"id":12060},"what-clear-returns",[49,12062,11683],{}," returns",[14,12065,12066,2795,12068,35],{},[49,12067,11683],{},[49,12069,4175],{},[14,12071,12072],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[42,12074,12076],{"className":44,"code":12075,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[49,12077,12078,12111,12115,12130,12134,12144],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12079,12080,12082,12084,12086,12088,12090,12092,12094,12096,12098,12100,12103,12105,12107,12109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12081,705],{"class":58},[52,12083,63],{"class":62},[52,12085,1799],{"class":66},[52,12087,81],{"class":73},[52,12089,2570],{"class":77},[52,12091,81],{"class":73},[52,12093,84],{"class":66},[52,12095,5895],{"class":110},[52,12097,193],{"class":66},[52,12099,87],{"class":73},[52,12101,12102],{"class":77},"y",[52,12104,81],{"class":73},[52,12106,84],{"class":66},[52,12108,1570],{"class":110},[52,12110,135],{"class":66},[52,12112,12113],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12114,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12116,12117,12119,12121,12124,12126,12128],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12118,2626],{"class":58},[52,12120,63],{"class":62},[52,12122,12123],{"class":58}," my_dict",[52,12125,35],{"class":66},[52,12127,11745],{"class":155},[52,12129,650],{"class":66},[52,12131,12132],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,12133,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12135,12136,12138,12140,12142],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,12137,149],{"class":148},[52,12139,152],{"class":66},[52,12141,2661],{"class":155},[52,12143,159],{"class":66},[52,12145,12146,12148,12150,12152],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12147,149],{"class":148},[52,12149,152],{"class":66},[52,12151,739],{"class":155},[52,12153,159],{"class":66},[14,12155,164],{},[42,12157,12159],{"className":44,"code":12158,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"None\n{}\n",[49,12160,12161,12166],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12162,12163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12164,12165],{"class":128},"None\n",[52,12167,12168],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12169,667],{"class":66},[487,12171,12173],{"id":12172},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12175,12176,12177,12179],{},"Do ",[18,12178,1006],{}," do this:",[42,12181,12183],{"className":44,"code":12182,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[49,12184,12185,12217,12231,12235],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12186,12187,12189,12191,12193,12195,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12188,705],{"class":58},[52,12190,63],{"class":62},[52,12192,1799],{"class":66},[52,12194,81],{"class":73},[52,12196,2570],{"class":77},[52,12198,81],{"class":73},[52,12200,84],{"class":66},[52,12202,5895],{"class":110},[52,12204,193],{"class":66},[52,12206,87],{"class":73},[52,12208,12102],{"class":77},[52,12210,81],{"class":73},[52,12212,84],{"class":66},[52,12214,1570],{"class":110},[52,12216,135],{"class":66},[52,12218,12219,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12220,705],{"class":58},[52,12222,63],{"class":62},[52,12224,12123],{"class":58},[52,12226,35],{"class":66},[52,12228,11745],{"class":155},[52,12230,650],{"class":66},[52,12232,12233],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12234,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12236,12237,12239,12241,12243],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,12238,149],{"class":148},[52,12240,152],{"class":66},[52,12242,739],{"class":155},[52,12244,159],{"class":66},[14,12246,164],{},[42,12248,12249],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,12250,12251],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12252,12253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12254,12165],{"class":128},[14,12256,12257],{},"Why this happens:",[227,12259,12260,12266,12271],{},[230,12261,12262,12265],{},[49,12263,12264],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[230,12267,12268,12269],{},"The method returns ",[49,12270,4175],{},[230,12272,12273,12274,12277,12278,12280],{},"Then ",[49,12275,12276],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[49,12279,4175],{}," in the variable",[14,12282,12283,12284,12286],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[49,12285,11683],{}," by itself:",[42,12288,12290],{"className":44,"code":12289,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[49,12291,12292,12324,12334,12338],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12293,12294,12296,12298,12300,12302,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314,12316,12318,12320,12322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12295,705],{"class":58},[52,12297,63],{"class":62},[52,12299,1799],{"class":66},[52,12301,81],{"class":73},[52,12303,2570],{"class":77},[52,12305,81],{"class":73},[52,12307,84],{"class":66},[52,12309,5895],{"class":110},[52,12311,193],{"class":66},[52,12313,87],{"class":73},[52,12315,12102],{"class":77},[52,12317,81],{"class":73},[52,12319,84],{"class":66},[52,12321,1570],{"class":110},[52,12323,135],{"class":66},[52,12325,12326,12328,12330,12332],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12327,739],{"class":58},[52,12329,35],{"class":66},[52,12331,11745],{"class":155},[52,12333,650],{"class":66},[52,12335,12336],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12337,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12339,12340,12342,12344,12346,12348],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,12341,149],{"class":148},[52,12343,152],{"class":66},[52,12345,739],{"class":155},[52,12347,4056],{"class":66},[52,12349,11760],{"class":1017},[37,12351,12353,12355],{"id":12352},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[49,12354,11683],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12357,12358],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[42,12360,12361],{"className":44,"code":11805,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,12362,12363],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12364,12365,12367,12369,12371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12366,739],{"class":58},[52,12368,35],{"class":66},[52,12370,11745],{"class":155},[52,12372,650],{"class":66},[42,12374,12376],{"className":44,"code":12375,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {}\n",[49,12377,12378],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12379,12380,12382,12384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12381,705],{"class":58},[52,12383,63],{"class":62},[52,12385,621],{"class":66},[487,12387,12388],{"id":11745},[49,12389,11683],{},[227,12391,12392,12395,12398],{},[230,12393,12394],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[230,12396,12397],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[230,12399,12400],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[487,12402,12403],{"id":739},[49,12404,12405],{},"my_dict = {}",[227,12407,12408,12411,12414],{},[230,12409,12410],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[230,12412,12413],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[230,12415,12416],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12418,12419,12420,35],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[26,12421,12423],{"href":12422},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[37,12425,12427],{"id":12426},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12429,12430,12431,12433],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[49,12432,11683],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[42,12435,12437],{"className":44,"code":12436,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[49,12438,12439,12472,12482,12486,12497,12501,12521,12541],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12440,12441,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12442,12443],{"class":58},"original ",[52,12445,63],{"class":62},[52,12447,1799],{"class":66},[52,12449,81],{"class":73},[52,12451,26],{"class":77},[52,12453,81],{"class":73},[52,12455,84],{"class":66},[52,12457,5895],{"class":110},[52,12459,193],{"class":66},[52,12461,87],{"class":73},[52,12463,5157],{"class":77},[52,12465,81],{"class":73},[52,12467,84],{"class":66},[52,12469,1570],{"class":110},[52,12471,135],{"class":66},[52,12473,12474,12477,12479],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12475,12476],{"class":58},"other_ref ",[52,12478,63],{"class":62},[52,12480,12481],{"class":58}," original\n",[52,12483,12484],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12485,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12487,12488,12491,12493,12495],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,12489,12490],{"class":58},"original",[52,12492,35],{"class":66},[52,12494,11745],{"class":155},[52,12496,650],{"class":66},[52,12498,12499],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,12500,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12502,12503,12505,12507,12509,12512,12514,12516,12519],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12504,149],{"class":148},[52,12506,152],{"class":66},[52,12508,81],{"class":73},[52,12510,12511],{"class":77},"original:",[52,12513,81],{"class":73},[52,12515,193],{"class":66},[52,12517,12518],{"class":155}," original",[52,12520,159],{"class":66},[52,12522,12523,12525,12527,12529,12532,12534,12536,12539],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,12524,149],{"class":148},[52,12526,152],{"class":66},[52,12528,81],{"class":73},[52,12530,12531],{"class":77},"other_ref:",[52,12533,81],{"class":73},[52,12535,193],{"class":66},[52,12537,12538],{"class":155}," other_ref",[52,12540,159],{"class":66},[52,12542,12543,12545,12547,12549,12552,12554],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,12544,149],{"class":148},[52,12546,152],{"class":66},[52,12548,12443],{"class":155},[52,12550,12551],{"class":4272},"is",[52,12553,12538],{"class":155},[52,12555,159],{"class":66},[14,12557,164],{},[42,12559,12561],{"className":44,"code":12560,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[49,12562,12563,12571,12580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12564,12565,12567,12569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12566,12490],{"class":58},[52,12568,84],{"class":66},[52,12570,621],{"class":66},[52,12572,12573,12576,12578],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12574,12575],{"class":58},"other_ref",[52,12577,84],{"class":66},[52,12579,621],{"class":66},[52,12581,12582],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12583,4374],{"class":128},[14,12585,12586],{},"This shows:",[227,12588,12589,12596,12601],{},[230,12590,12591,2262,12593,12595],{},[49,12592,12490],{},[49,12594,12575],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[230,12597,12598,12600],{},[49,12599,11683],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[230,12602,12603],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12605,12606],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[42,12608,12610],{"className":44,"code":12609,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[49,12611,12612,12644,12652,12656,12664,12668,12686,12704],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12613,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12615,12443],{"class":58},[52,12617,63],{"class":62},[52,12619,1799],{"class":66},[52,12621,81],{"class":73},[52,12623,26],{"class":77},[52,12625,81],{"class":73},[52,12627,84],{"class":66},[52,12629,5895],{"class":110},[52,12631,193],{"class":66},[52,12633,87],{"class":73},[52,12635,5157],{"class":77},[52,12637,81],{"class":73},[52,12639,84],{"class":66},[52,12641,1570],{"class":110},[52,12643,135],{"class":66},[52,12645,12646,12648,12650],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12647,12476],{"class":58},[52,12649,63],{"class":62},[52,12651,12481],{"class":58},[52,12653,12654],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12655,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12657,12658,12660,12662],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,12659,12443],{"class":58},[52,12661,63],{"class":62},[52,12663,621],{"class":66},[52,12665,12666],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,12667,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12669,12670,12672,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12671,149],{"class":148},[52,12673,152],{"class":66},[52,12675,81],{"class":73},[52,12677,12511],{"class":77},[52,12679,81],{"class":73},[52,12681,193],{"class":66},[52,12683,12518],{"class":155},[52,12685,159],{"class":66},[52,12687,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,12689,149],{"class":148},[52,12691,152],{"class":66},[52,12693,81],{"class":73},[52,12695,12531],{"class":77},[52,12697,81],{"class":73},[52,12699,193],{"class":66},[52,12701,12538],{"class":155},[52,12703,159],{"class":66},[52,12705,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,12707,149],{"class":148},[52,12709,152],{"class":66},[52,12711,12443],{"class":155},[52,12713,12551],{"class":4272},[52,12715,12538],{"class":155},[52,12717,159],{"class":66},[14,12719,164],{},[42,12721,12723],{"className":44,"code":12722,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[49,12724,12725,12733,12765],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12726,12727,12729,12731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12728,12490],{"class":58},[52,12730,84],{"class":66},[52,12732,621],{"class":66},[52,12734,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761,12763],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12736,12575],{"class":58},[52,12738,84],{"class":66},[52,12740,1799],{"class":66},[52,12742,177],{"class":73},[52,12744,26],{"class":77},[52,12746,177],{"class":73},[52,12748,84],{"class":66},[52,12750,5895],{"class":110},[52,12752,193],{"class":66},[52,12754,186],{"class":73},[52,12756,5157],{"class":77},[52,12758,177],{"class":73},[52,12760,84],{"class":66},[52,12762,1570],{"class":110},[52,12764,135],{"class":66},[52,12766,12767],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12768,4435],{"class":128},[14,12770,2575],{},[227,12772,12773,12779],{},[230,12774,12775,12778],{},[49,12776,12777],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[230,12780,12781,12783],{},[49,12782,12575],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12785,12786,12787,35],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[26,12788,12790],{"href":12789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[49,12791,12792],{},"dict.copy()",[37,12794,5358,12796],{"id":12795},"when-to-use-clear",[49,12797,11683],{},[14,12799,12800,12802],{},[49,12801,11683],{}," is useful when you want to:",[227,12804,12805,12808,12811],{},[230,12806,12807],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[230,12809,12810],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[230,12812,12813],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12815,511],{},[42,12817,12819],{"className":44,"code":12818,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[49,12820,12821,12830,12846,12866,12878,12882,12886,12891,12902,12906],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12822,12823,12826,12828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12824,12825],{"class":58},"session_data ",[52,12827,63],{"class":62},[52,12829,67],{"class":66},[52,12831,12832,12834,12837,12839,12841,12844],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12833,74],{"class":73},[52,12835,12836],{"class":77},"user_id",[52,12838,81],{"class":73},[52,12840,84],{"class":66},[52,12842,12843],{"class":110}," 101",[52,12845,95],{"class":66},[52,12847,12848,12850,12853,12855,12857,12859,12862,12864],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,12849,74],{"class":73},[52,12851,12852],{"class":77},"theme",[52,12854,81],{"class":73},[52,12856,84],{"class":66},[52,12858,87],{"class":73},[52,12860,12861],{"class":77},"dark",[52,12863,81],{"class":73},[52,12865,95],{"class":66},[52,12867,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,12869,74],{"class":73},[52,12871,1684],{"class":77},[52,12873,81],{"class":73},[52,12875,84],{"class":66},[52,12877,129],{"class":128},[52,12879,12880],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,12881,135],{"class":66},[52,12883,12884],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,12885,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12887,12888],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,12889,12890],{"class":1017},"# Reset for a new session\n",[52,12892,12893,12896,12898,12900],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,12894,12895],{"class":58},"session_data",[52,12897,35],{"class":66},[52,12899,11745],{"class":155},[52,12901,650],{"class":66},[52,12903,12904],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,12905,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,12907,12908,12910,12912,12914,12916],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,12909,149],{"class":148},[52,12911,152],{"class":66},[52,12913,12895],{"class":155},[52,12915,4056],{"class":66},[52,12917,11760],{"class":1017},[14,12919,12920,12921,12927,12928,35,12932,12934,12935,35],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[26,12922,12924],{"href":12923},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[49,12925,12926],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[26,12929,12931],{"href":12930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10217,12933],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[26,12936,12938],{"href":12937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[49,12939,12940],{},"dict.popitem()",[37,12942,1743],{"id":1742},[14,12944,11112,12945,84],{},[49,12946,11683],{},[227,12948,12949,12955,12960,12963],{},[230,12950,12951,12952,12954],{},"Assigning the result of ",[49,12953,11683],{}," to a variable",[230,12956,8849,12957,12959],{},[49,12958,11683],{}," to return a new dictionary",[230,12961,12962],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[230,12964,12965],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12967,12968],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[42,12970,12972],{"className":44,"code":12971,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[49,12973,12974,12984,12998,13013],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,12975,12976,12978,12980,12982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12977,149],{"class":148},[52,12979,152],{"class":66},[52,12981,739],{"class":155},[52,12983,159],{"class":66},[52,12985,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,12987,149],{"class":148},[52,12989,152],{"class":66},[52,12991,734],{"class":646},[52,12993,152],{"class":66},[52,12995,739],{"class":155},[52,12997,742],{"class":66},[52,12999,13000,13002,13004,13007,13009,13011],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,13001,149],{"class":148},[52,13003,152],{"class":66},[52,13005,13006],{"class":148},"id",[52,13008,152],{"class":66},[52,13010,739],{"class":155},[52,13012,742],{"class":66},[52,13014,13015,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,13016,149],{"class":148},[52,13018,152],{"class":66},[52,13020,12476],{"class":155},[52,13022,12551],{"class":4272},[52,13024,12123],{"class":155},[52,13026,159],{"class":66},[14,13028,13029],{},"What these show:",[227,13031,13032,13038,13044,13050],{},[230,13033,13034,13037],{},[49,13035,13036],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[230,13039,13040,13043],{},[49,13041,13042],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[230,13045,13046,13049],{},[49,13047,13048],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[230,13051,13052,13055],{},[49,13053,13054],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[37,13057,2220],{"id":2219},[487,13059,13061,13062,13064],{"id":13060},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[49,13063,11683],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,13066,13067],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[487,13069,5539,13071,13073],{"id":13070},"what-does-dictclear-return",[49,13072,11689],{}," return?",[14,13075,5545,13076,35],{},[49,13077,4175],{},[487,13079,2259,13081,2262,13083,2265],{"id":13080},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[49,13082,11683],{},[49,13084,343],{},[14,13086,13087,13089,13090,13092],{},[49,13088,11683],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[49,13091,343],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[487,13094,13061,13096,13098],{"id":13095},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[49,13097,11683],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,13100,13101],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[37,13103,2277],{"id":2276},[227,13105,13106,13110,13114,13121,13128,13135,13140],{},[230,13107,13108],{},[26,13109,29],{"href":28},[230,13111,13112],{},[26,13113,11606],{"href":9768},[230,13115,13116],{},[26,13117,2199,13118,2292],{"href":12923},[49,13119,13120],{},"pop()",[230,13122,13123],{},[26,13124,2199,13125,2292],{"href":12937},[49,13126,13127],{},"popitem()",[230,13129,13130],{},[26,13131,2199,13132,2292],{"href":12789},[49,13133,13134],{},"copy()",[230,13136,13137],{},[26,13138,13139],{"href":12422},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[230,13141,13142],{},[26,13143,13144],{"href":12930},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2315,13146,13147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":13149},[13150,13151,13153,13154,13155,13159,13164,13165,13167,13168,13178],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":11768,"depth":70,"text":13152},"What clear() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":12060,"depth":70,"text":13156,"children":13157},"What clear() returns",[13158],{"id":12172,"depth":98,"text":12173},{"id":12352,"depth":70,"text":13160,"children":13161},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13162,13163],{"id":11745,"depth":98,"text":11683},{"id":739,"depth":98,"text":12405},{"id":12426,"depth":70,"text":12427},{"id":12795,"depth":70,"text":13166},"When to use clear()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":13169},[13170,13172,13174,13176],{"id":13060,"depth":98,"text":13171},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13070,"depth":98,"text":13173},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13080,"depth":98,"text":13175},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13095,"depth":98,"text":13177},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11674,"description":13179},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13186,"title":13187,"body":13188,"description":15351,"extension":2357,"meta":15352,"navigation":141,"path":15353,"seo":15354,"stem":15355,"__hash__":15356},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13189,"toc":15323},[13190,13195,13200,13210,13212,13299,13303,13344,13349,13356,13374,13382,13384,13405,13408,13420,13422,13501,13505,13546,13548,13551,13679,13683,13763,13766,13784,13787,13791,13797,13799,13810,13812,14006,14010,14116,14119,14137,14140,14147,14152,14156,14170,14172,14298,14302,14382,14395,14401,14404,14412,14416,14542,14546,14620,14625,14756,14760,14834,14837,14851,14855,14859,14873,14875,15011,15015,15084,15086,15091,15113,15116,15222,15225,15236,15243,15245,15251,15254,15261,15264,15271,15279,15283,15286,15288,15320],[10,13191,11680,13193,11684],{"id":13192},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[49,13194,13134],{},[14,13196,13197,13199],{},[49,13198,12792],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13201,13202,13203,13205,13206,13209],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[49,13204,13134],{}," makes a ",[18,13207,13208],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[37,13211,40],{"id":39},[42,13213,13215],{"className":44,"code":13214,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[49,13216,13217,13253,13270,13274,13285],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13218,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13220,59],{"class":58},[52,13222,63],{"class":62},[52,13224,1799],{"class":66},[52,13226,81],{"class":73},[52,13228,78],{"class":77},[52,13230,81],{"class":73},[52,13232,84],{"class":66},[52,13234,87],{"class":73},[52,13236,90],{"class":77},[52,13238,81],{"class":73},[52,13240,193],{"class":66},[52,13242,87],{"class":73},[52,13244,103],{"class":77},[52,13246,81],{"class":73},[52,13248,84],{"class":66},[52,13250,111],{"class":110},[52,13252,135],{"class":66},[52,13254,13255,13258,13260,13263,13265,13268],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,13256,13257],{"class":58},"student_copy ",[52,13259,63],{"class":62},[52,13261,13262],{"class":58}," student",[52,13264,35],{"class":66},[52,13266,13267],{"class":155},"copy",[52,13269,650],{"class":66},[52,13271,13272],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,13273,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13275,13276,13278,13280,13283],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,13277,149],{"class":148},[52,13279,152],{"class":66},[52,13281,13282],{"class":155},"student_copy",[52,13284,159],{"class":66},[52,13286,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,13288,149],{"class":148},[52,13290,152],{"class":66},[52,13292,13257],{"class":155},[52,13294,12551],{"class":4272},[52,13296,13262],{"class":155},[52,13298,159],{"class":66},[14,13300,13301],{},[18,13302,164],{},[42,13304,13306],{"className":44,"code":13305,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[49,13307,13308,13340],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13309,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13311,174],{"class":66},[52,13313,177],{"class":73},[52,13315,78],{"class":77},[52,13317,177],{"class":73},[52,13319,84],{"class":66},[52,13321,186],{"class":73},[52,13323,90],{"class":77},[52,13325,177],{"class":73},[52,13327,193],{"class":66},[52,13329,186],{"class":73},[52,13331,103],{"class":77},[52,13333,177],{"class":73},[52,13335,84],{"class":66},[52,13337,111],{"class":110},[52,13339,135],{"class":66},[52,13341,13342],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,13343,4435],{"class":128},[14,13345,340,13346,13348],{},[49,13347,13134],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[37,13350,13352,13353,13355],{"id":13351},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[49,13354,13134],{}," method does",[227,13357,13358,13363,13366,13371],{},[230,13359,13360,13362],{},[49,13361,12792],{}," returns a new dictionary",[230,13364,13365],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[230,13367,13368,13369],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[49,13370,13134],{},[230,13372,13373],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13375,13376,13377,30,13380,35],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[26,13378,29],{"href":13379},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[26,13381,9769],{"href":2359},[37,13383,2553],{"id":2552},[42,13385,13387],{"className":44,"code":13386,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[49,13388,13389],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13390,13391,13394,13396,13399,13401,13403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13392,13393],{"class":58},"new_dict ",[52,13395,63],{"class":62},[52,13397,13398],{"class":58}," old_dict",[52,13400,35],{"class":66},[52,13402,13267],{"class":155},[52,13404,650],{"class":66},[14,13406,13407],{},"Key points:",[227,13409,13410,13414,13417],{},[230,13411,13412,11827],{},[49,13413,13134],{},[230,13415,13416],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[230,13418,13419],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13421,511],{},[42,13423,13425],{"className":44,"code":13424,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[49,13426,13427,13470,13486,13490],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13428,13429,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13466,13468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13430,13431],{"class":58},"colors ",[52,13433,63],{"class":62},[52,13435,1799],{"class":66},[52,13437,81],{"class":73},[52,13439,26],{"class":77},[52,13441,81],{"class":73},[52,13443,84],{"class":66},[52,13445,87],{"class":73},[52,13447,13448],{"class":77},"red",[52,13450,81],{"class":73},[52,13452,193],{"class":66},[52,13454,87],{"class":73},[52,13456,5157],{"class":77},[52,13458,81],{"class":73},[52,13460,84],{"class":66},[52,13462,87],{"class":73},[52,13464,13465],{"class":77},"blue",[52,13467,81],{"class":73},[52,13469,135],{"class":66},[52,13471,13472,13475,13477,13480,13482,13484],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,13473,13474],{"class":58},"new_colors ",[52,13476,63],{"class":62},[52,13478,13479],{"class":58}," colors",[52,13481,35],{"class":66},[52,13483,13267],{"class":155},[52,13485,650],{"class":66},[52,13487,13488],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,13489,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13491,13492,13494,13496,13499],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,13493,149],{"class":148},[52,13495,152],{"class":66},[52,13497,13498],{"class":155},"new_colors",[52,13500,159],{"class":66},[14,13502,13503],{},[18,13504,164],{},[42,13506,13508],{"className":44,"code":13507,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[49,13509,13510],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13511,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13513,174],{"class":66},[52,13515,177],{"class":73},[52,13517,26],{"class":77},[52,13519,177],{"class":73},[52,13521,84],{"class":66},[52,13523,186],{"class":73},[52,13525,13448],{"class":77},[52,13527,177],{"class":73},[52,13529,193],{"class":66},[52,13531,186],{"class":73},[52,13533,5157],{"class":77},[52,13535,177],{"class":73},[52,13537,84],{"class":66},[52,13539,186],{"class":73},[52,13541,13465],{"class":77},[52,13543,177],{"class":73},[52,13545,135],{"class":66},[37,13547,11837],{"id":11836},[14,13549,13550],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[42,13552,13554],{"className":44,"code":13553,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[49,13555,13556,13594,13610,13614,13636,13640,13659],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13557,13558,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13559,13560],{"class":58},"person ",[52,13562,63],{"class":62},[52,13564,1799],{"class":66},[52,13566,81],{"class":73},[52,13568,78],{"class":77},[52,13570,81],{"class":73},[52,13572,84],{"class":66},[52,13574,87],{"class":73},[52,13576,13577],{"class":77},"Liam",[52,13579,81],{"class":73},[52,13581,193],{"class":66},[52,13583,87],{"class":73},[52,13585,103],{"class":77},[52,13587,81],{"class":73},[52,13589,84],{"class":66},[52,13591,9684],{"class":110},[52,13593,135],{"class":66},[52,13595,13596,13599,13601,13604,13606,13608],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,13597,13598],{"class":58},"person_copy ",[52,13600,63],{"class":62},[52,13602,13603],{"class":58}," person",[52,13605,35],{"class":66},[52,13607,13267],{"class":155},[52,13609,650],{"class":66},[52,13611,13612],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,13613,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13615,13616,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13630,13633],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,13617,13618],{"class":58},"person_copy",[52,13620,1709],{"class":66},[52,13622,81],{"class":73},[52,13624,103],{"class":77},[52,13626,81],{"class":73},[52,13628,13629],{"class":66},"]",[52,13631,13632],{"class":62}," =",[52,13634,13635],{"class":110}," 26\n",[52,13637,13638],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,13639,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13641,13642,13644,13646,13648,13651,13653,13655,13657],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,13643,149],{"class":148},[52,13645,152],{"class":66},[52,13647,81],{"class":73},[52,13649,13650],{"class":77},"Original:",[52,13652,81],{"class":73},[52,13654,193],{"class":66},[52,13656,13603],{"class":155},[52,13658,159],{"class":66},[52,13660,13661,13663,13665,13667,13670,13672,13674,13677],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,13662,149],{"class":148},[52,13664,152],{"class":66},[52,13666,81],{"class":73},[52,13668,13669],{"class":77},"Copy:",[52,13671,81],{"class":73},[52,13673,193],{"class":66},[52,13675,13676],{"class":155}," person_copy",[52,13678,159],{"class":66},[14,13680,13681],{},[18,13682,164],{},[42,13684,13686],{"className":44,"code":13685,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[49,13687,13688,13725],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13689,13690,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13691,13692],{"class":58},"Original",[52,13694,84],{"class":66},[52,13696,1799],{"class":66},[52,13698,177],{"class":73},[52,13700,78],{"class":77},[52,13702,177],{"class":73},[52,13704,84],{"class":66},[52,13706,186],{"class":73},[52,13708,13577],{"class":77},[52,13710,177],{"class":73},[52,13712,193],{"class":66},[52,13714,186],{"class":73},[52,13716,103],{"class":77},[52,13718,177],{"class":73},[52,13720,84],{"class":66},[52,13722,9684],{"class":110},[52,13724,135],{"class":66},[52,13726,13727,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13761],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,13728,13729],{"class":58},"Copy",[52,13731,84],{"class":66},[52,13733,1799],{"class":66},[52,13735,177],{"class":73},[52,13737,78],{"class":77},[52,13739,177],{"class":73},[52,13741,84],{"class":66},[52,13743,186],{"class":73},[52,13745,13577],{"class":77},[52,13747,177],{"class":73},[52,13749,193],{"class":66},[52,13751,186],{"class":73},[52,13753,103],{"class":77},[52,13755,177],{"class":73},[52,13757,84],{"class":66},[52,13759,13760],{"class":110}," 26",[52,13762,135],{"class":66},[14,13764,13765],{},"What happened here:",[227,13767,13768,13774,13781],{},[230,13769,13770,13773],{},[49,13771,13772],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[230,13775,13776,13777,13780],{},"Changing ",[49,13778,13779],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[230,13782,13783],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13785,13786],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[37,13788,13790],{"id":13789},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13792,13793,13205,13795,35],{},[49,13794,13134],{},[18,13796,13208],{},[14,13798,2501],{},[227,13800,13801,13804,13807],{},[230,13802,13803],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[230,13805,13806],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[230,13808,13809],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13811,511],{},[42,13813,13815],{"className":44,"code":13814,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[49,13816,13817,13825,13843,13866,13870,13874,13888,13892,13917,13921,13939,13958,13973],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,13818,13819,13821,13823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13820,59],{"class":58},[52,13822,63],{"class":62},[52,13824,67],{"class":66},[52,13826,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,13828,74],{"class":73},[52,13830,78],{"class":77},[52,13832,81],{"class":73},[52,13834,84],{"class":66},[52,13836,87],{"class":73},[52,13838,90],{"class":77},[52,13840,81],{"class":73},[52,13842,95],{"class":66},[52,13844,13845,13847,13850,13852,13854,13856,13859,13861,13864],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,13846,74],{"class":73},[52,13848,13849],{"class":77},"grades",[52,13851,81],{"class":73},[52,13853,84],{"class":66},[52,13855,4017],{"class":66},[52,13857,13858],{"class":110},"90",[52,13860,193],{"class":66},[52,13862,13863],{"class":110}," 85",[52,13865,4030],{"class":66},[52,13867,13868],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,13869,135],{"class":66},[52,13871,13872],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,13873,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13875,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,13877,13257],{"class":58},[52,13879,63],{"class":62},[52,13881,13262],{"class":58},[52,13883,35],{"class":66},[52,13885,13267],{"class":155},[52,13887,650],{"class":66},[52,13889,13890],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,13891,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13893,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13907,13910,13912,13915],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,13895,13282],{"class":58},[52,13897,1709],{"class":66},[52,13899,81],{"class":73},[52,13901,13849],{"class":77},[52,13903,81],{"class":73},[52,13905,13906],{"class":66},"].",[52,13908,13909],{"class":155},"append",[52,13911,152],{"class":66},[52,13913,13914],{"class":110},"100",[52,13916,159],{"class":66},[52,13918,13919],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,13920,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,13922,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,13924,149],{"class":148},[52,13926,152],{"class":66},[52,13928,81],{"class":73},[52,13930,13650],{"class":77},[52,13932,81],{"class":73},[52,13934,193],{"class":66},[52,13936,13262],{"class":155},[52,13938,159],{"class":66},[52,13940,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13956],{"class":54,"line":11952},[52,13942,149],{"class":148},[52,13944,152],{"class":66},[52,13946,81],{"class":73},[52,13948,13669],{"class":77},[52,13950,81],{"class":73},[52,13952,193],{"class":66},[52,13954,13955],{"class":155}," student_copy",[52,13957,159],{"class":66},[52,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971],{"class":54,"line":13960},12,[52,13962,149],{"class":148},[52,13964,152],{"class":66},[52,13966,59],{"class":155},[52,13968,12551],{"class":4272},[52,13970,13955],{"class":155},[52,13972,159],{"class":66},[52,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004],{"class":54,"line":13975},13,[52,13977,149],{"class":148},[52,13979,152],{"class":66},[52,13981,156],{"class":155},[52,13983,1709],{"class":66},[52,13985,81],{"class":73},[52,13987,13849],{"class":77},[52,13989,81],{"class":73},[52,13991,13629],{"class":66},[52,13993,8491],{"class":4272},[52,13995,13955],{"class":155},[52,13997,1709],{"class":66},[52,13999,81],{"class":73},[52,14001,13849],{"class":77},[52,14003,81],{"class":73},[52,14005,1718],{"class":66},[14,14007,14008],{},[18,14009,164],{},[42,14011,14013],{"className":44,"code":14012,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[49,14014,14015,14062,14108,14112],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14016,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14018,13692],{"class":58},[52,14020,84],{"class":66},[52,14022,1799],{"class":66},[52,14024,177],{"class":73},[52,14026,78],{"class":77},[52,14028,177],{"class":73},[52,14030,84],{"class":66},[52,14032,186],{"class":73},[52,14034,90],{"class":77},[52,14036,177],{"class":73},[52,14038,193],{"class":66},[52,14040,186],{"class":73},[52,14042,13849],{"class":77},[52,14044,177],{"class":73},[52,14046,84],{"class":66},[52,14048,4017],{"class":66},[52,14050,13858],{"class":110},[52,14052,193],{"class":66},[52,14054,13863],{"class":110},[52,14056,193],{"class":66},[52,14058,10489],{"class":110},[52,14060,14061],{"class":66},"]}\n",[52,14063,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14065,13729],{"class":58},[52,14067,84],{"class":66},[52,14069,1799],{"class":66},[52,14071,177],{"class":73},[52,14073,78],{"class":77},[52,14075,177],{"class":73},[52,14077,84],{"class":66},[52,14079,186],{"class":73},[52,14081,90],{"class":77},[52,14083,177],{"class":73},[52,14085,193],{"class":66},[52,14087,186],{"class":73},[52,14089,13849],{"class":77},[52,14091,177],{"class":73},[52,14093,84],{"class":66},[52,14095,4017],{"class":66},[52,14097,13858],{"class":110},[52,14099,193],{"class":66},[52,14101,13863],{"class":110},[52,14103,193],{"class":66},[52,14105,10489],{"class":110},[52,14107,14061],{"class":66},[52,14109,14110],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14111,4435],{"class":128},[52,14113,14114],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,14115,4374],{"class":128},[14,14117,14118],{},"Notice the difference:",[227,14120,14121,14129],{},[230,14122,14123,5180,14126,14128],{},[49,14124,14125],{},"student is student_copy",[49,14127,4069],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[230,14130,14131,5180,14134,14136],{},[49,14132,14133],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[49,14135,862],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14138,14139],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14141,14142,14143,35],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[26,14144,14146],{"href":14145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[37,14148,5358,14150],{"id":14149},"when-to-use-copy",[49,14151,13134],{},[14,14153,340,14154,10970],{},[49,14155,13134],{},[227,14157,14158,14161,14164,14167],{},[230,14159,14160],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[230,14162,14163],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[230,14165,14166],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[230,14168,14169],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14171,511],{},[42,14173,14175],{"className":44,"code":14174,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[49,14176,14177,14216,14232,14236,14255,14259,14278],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14178,14179,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14207,14209,14211,14214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14180,14181],{"class":58},"settings ",[52,14183,63],{"class":62},[52,14185,1799],{"class":66},[52,14187,81],{"class":73},[52,14189,12852],{"class":77},[52,14191,81],{"class":73},[52,14193,84],{"class":66},[52,14195,87],{"class":73},[52,14197,12861],{"class":77},[52,14199,81],{"class":73},[52,14201,193],{"class":66},[52,14203,87],{"class":73},[52,14205,14206],{"class":77},"font_size",[52,14208,81],{"class":73},[52,14210,84],{"class":66},[52,14212,14213],{"class":110}," 14",[52,14215,135],{"class":66},[52,14217,14218,14221,14223,14226,14228,14230],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14219,14220],{"class":58},"settings_backup ",[52,14222,63],{"class":62},[52,14224,14225],{"class":58}," settings",[52,14227,35],{"class":66},[52,14229,13267],{"class":155},[52,14231,650],{"class":66},[52,14233,14234],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14235,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14237,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,14239,1617],{"class":58},[52,14241,1709],{"class":66},[52,14243,81],{"class":73},[52,14245,14206],{"class":77},[52,14247,81],{"class":73},[52,14249,13629],{"class":66},[52,14251,13632],{"class":62},[52,14253,14254],{"class":110}," 16\n",[52,14256,14257],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,14258,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14260,14261,14263,14265,14267,14270,14272,14274,14276],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,14262,149],{"class":148},[52,14264,152],{"class":66},[52,14266,81],{"class":73},[52,14268,14269],{"class":77},"Current:",[52,14271,81],{"class":73},[52,14273,193],{"class":66},[52,14275,14225],{"class":155},[52,14277,159],{"class":66},[52,14279,14280,14282,14284,14286,14289,14291,14293,14296],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,14281,149],{"class":148},[52,14283,152],{"class":66},[52,14285,81],{"class":73},[52,14287,14288],{"class":77},"Backup:",[52,14290,81],{"class":73},[52,14292,193],{"class":66},[52,14294,14295],{"class":155}," settings_backup",[52,14297,159],{"class":66},[14,14299,14300],{},[18,14301,164],{},[42,14303,14305],{"className":44,"code":14304,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[49,14306,14307,14345],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14308,14309,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14310,14311],{"class":58},"Current",[52,14313,84],{"class":66},[52,14315,1799],{"class":66},[52,14317,177],{"class":73},[52,14319,12852],{"class":77},[52,14321,177],{"class":73},[52,14323,84],{"class":66},[52,14325,186],{"class":73},[52,14327,12861],{"class":77},[52,14329,177],{"class":73},[52,14331,193],{"class":66},[52,14333,186],{"class":73},[52,14335,14206],{"class":77},[52,14337,177],{"class":73},[52,14339,84],{"class":66},[52,14341,14342],{"class":110}," 16",[52,14344,135],{"class":66},[52,14346,14347,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14348,14349],{"class":58},"Backup",[52,14351,84],{"class":66},[52,14353,1799],{"class":66},[52,14355,177],{"class":73},[52,14357,12852],{"class":77},[52,14359,177],{"class":73},[52,14361,84],{"class":66},[52,14363,186],{"class":73},[52,14365,12861],{"class":77},[52,14367,177],{"class":73},[52,14369,193],{"class":66},[52,14371,186],{"class":73},[52,14373,14206],{"class":77},[52,14375,177],{"class":73},[52,14377,84],{"class":66},[52,14379,14213],{"class":110},[52,14381,135],{"class":66},[14,14383,14384,14385,30,14391,35],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[26,14386,14388],{"href":14387},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[49,14389,14390],{},"dict.update()",[26,14392,14393],{"href":13181},[49,14394,11689],{},[37,14396,14398,14400],{"id":14397},"copy-vs-assignment",[49,14399,13134],{}," vs assignment",[14,14402,14403],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14405,8813,14406,14408,14409,14411],{},[49,14407,63],{}," does ",[18,14410,1006],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[487,14413,14415],{"id":14414},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[42,14417,14419],{"className":44,"code":14418,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[49,14420,14421,14453,14462,14466,14486,14490,14508,14528],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14422,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14424,12443],{"class":58},[52,14426,63],{"class":62},[52,14428,1799],{"class":66},[52,14430,81],{"class":73},[52,14432,2570],{"class":77},[52,14434,81],{"class":73},[52,14436,84],{"class":66},[52,14438,5895],{"class":110},[52,14440,193],{"class":66},[52,14442,87],{"class":73},[52,14444,12102],{"class":77},[52,14446,81],{"class":73},[52,14448,84],{"class":66},[52,14450,1570],{"class":110},[52,14452,135],{"class":66},[52,14454,14455,14458,14460],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14456,14457],{"class":58},"assigned ",[52,14459,63],{"class":62},[52,14461,12481],{"class":58},[52,14463,14464],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14465,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14467,14468,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,14469,14470],{"class":58},"assigned",[52,14472,1709],{"class":66},[52,14474,81],{"class":73},[52,14476,2570],{"class":77},[52,14478,81],{"class":73},[52,14480,13629],{"class":66},[52,14482,13632],{"class":62},[52,14484,14485],{"class":110}," 99\n",[52,14487,14488],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,14489,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14491,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,14493,149],{"class":148},[52,14495,152],{"class":66},[52,14497,81],{"class":73},[52,14499,13650],{"class":77},[52,14501,81],{"class":73},[52,14503,193],{"class":66},[52,14505,12518],{"class":155},[52,14507,159],{"class":66},[52,14509,14510,14512,14514,14516,14519,14521,14523,14526],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,14511,149],{"class":148},[52,14513,152],{"class":66},[52,14515,81],{"class":73},[52,14517,14518],{"class":77},"Assigned:",[52,14520,81],{"class":73},[52,14522,193],{"class":66},[52,14524,14525],{"class":155}," assigned",[52,14527,159],{"class":66},[52,14529,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,14531,149],{"class":148},[52,14533,152],{"class":66},[52,14535,12443],{"class":155},[52,14537,12551],{"class":4272},[52,14539,14525],{"class":155},[52,14541,159],{"class":66},[14,14543,14544],{},[18,14545,164],{},[42,14547,14549],{"className":44,"code":14548,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[49,14550,14551,14583,14616],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14552,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14554,13692],{"class":58},[52,14556,84],{"class":66},[52,14558,1799],{"class":66},[52,14560,177],{"class":73},[52,14562,2570],{"class":77},[52,14564,177],{"class":73},[52,14566,84],{"class":66},[52,14568,10568],{"class":110},[52,14570,193],{"class":66},[52,14572,186],{"class":73},[52,14574,12102],{"class":77},[52,14576,177],{"class":73},[52,14578,84],{"class":66},[52,14580,1570],{"class":110},[52,14582,135],{"class":66},[52,14584,14585,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14586,14587],{"class":58},"Assigned",[52,14589,84],{"class":66},[52,14591,1799],{"class":66},[52,14593,177],{"class":73},[52,14595,2570],{"class":77},[52,14597,177],{"class":73},[52,14599,84],{"class":66},[52,14601,10568],{"class":110},[52,14603,193],{"class":66},[52,14605,186],{"class":73},[52,14607,12102],{"class":77},[52,14609,177],{"class":73},[52,14611,84],{"class":66},[52,14613,1570],{"class":110},[52,14615,135],{"class":66},[52,14617,14618],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14619,4374],{"class":128},[487,14621,8813,14623],{"id":14622},"using-copy",[49,14624,13134],{},[42,14626,14628],{"className":44,"code":14627,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[49,14629,14630,14662,14677,14681,14700,14704,14722,14742],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14631,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14633,12443],{"class":58},[52,14635,63],{"class":62},[52,14637,1799],{"class":66},[52,14639,81],{"class":73},[52,14641,2570],{"class":77},[52,14643,81],{"class":73},[52,14645,84],{"class":66},[52,14647,5895],{"class":110},[52,14649,193],{"class":66},[52,14651,87],{"class":73},[52,14653,12102],{"class":77},[52,14655,81],{"class":73},[52,14657,84],{"class":66},[52,14659,1570],{"class":110},[52,14661,135],{"class":66},[52,14663,14664,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14665,14666],{"class":58},"copied ",[52,14668,63],{"class":62},[52,14670,12518],{"class":58},[52,14672,35],{"class":66},[52,14674,13267],{"class":155},[52,14676,650],{"class":66},[52,14678,14679],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14680,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14682,14683,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,14684,14685],{"class":58},"copied",[52,14687,1709],{"class":66},[52,14689,81],{"class":73},[52,14691,2570],{"class":77},[52,14693,81],{"class":73},[52,14695,13629],{"class":66},[52,14697,13632],{"class":62},[52,14699,14485],{"class":110},[52,14701,14702],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,14703,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14705,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,14707,149],{"class":148},[52,14709,152],{"class":66},[52,14711,81],{"class":73},[52,14713,13650],{"class":77},[52,14715,81],{"class":73},[52,14717,193],{"class":66},[52,14719,12518],{"class":155},[52,14721,159],{"class":66},[52,14723,14724,14726,14728,14730,14733,14735,14737,14740],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,14725,149],{"class":148},[52,14727,152],{"class":66},[52,14729,81],{"class":73},[52,14731,14732],{"class":77},"Copied:",[52,14734,81],{"class":73},[52,14736,193],{"class":66},[52,14738,14739],{"class":155}," copied",[52,14741,159],{"class":66},[52,14743,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,14745,149],{"class":148},[52,14747,152],{"class":66},[52,14749,12443],{"class":155},[52,14751,12551],{"class":4272},[52,14753,14739],{"class":155},[52,14755,159],{"class":66},[14,14757,14758],{},[18,14759,164],{},[42,14761,14763],{"className":44,"code":14762,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[49,14764,14765,14797,14830],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14766,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14768,13692],{"class":58},[52,14770,84],{"class":66},[52,14772,1799],{"class":66},[52,14774,177],{"class":73},[52,14776,2570],{"class":77},[52,14778,177],{"class":73},[52,14780,84],{"class":66},[52,14782,5895],{"class":110},[52,14784,193],{"class":66},[52,14786,186],{"class":73},[52,14788,12102],{"class":77},[52,14790,177],{"class":73},[52,14792,84],{"class":66},[52,14794,1570],{"class":110},[52,14796,135],{"class":66},[52,14798,14799,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14800,14801],{"class":58},"Copied",[52,14803,84],{"class":66},[52,14805,1799],{"class":66},[52,14807,177],{"class":73},[52,14809,2570],{"class":77},[52,14811,177],{"class":73},[52,14813,84],{"class":66},[52,14815,10568],{"class":110},[52,14817,193],{"class":66},[52,14819,186],{"class":73},[52,14821,12102],{"class":77},[52,14823,177],{"class":73},[52,14825,84],{"class":66},[52,14827,1570],{"class":110},[52,14829,135],{"class":66},[52,14831,14832],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14833,4435],{"class":128},[14,14835,14836],{},"Summary:",[227,14838,14839,14845],{},[230,14840,14841,14844],{},[49,14842,14843],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[230,14846,14847,14850],{},[49,14848,14849],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[37,14852,14854],{"id":14853},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14856,14857,84],{},[49,14858,13134],{},[227,14860,14861,14864,14867,14870],{},[230,14862,14863],{},"Returns a dictionary",[230,14865,14866],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[230,14868,14869],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[230,14871,14872],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14874,511],{},[42,14876,14878],{"className":44,"code":14877,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[49,14879,14880,14912,14928,14932,14950,14970,14974,14992],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,14881,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14883,616],{"class":58},[52,14885,63],{"class":62},[52,14887,1799],{"class":66},[52,14889,81],{"class":73},[52,14891,26],{"class":77},[52,14893,81],{"class":73},[52,14895,84],{"class":66},[52,14897,5895],{"class":110},[52,14899,193],{"class":66},[52,14901,87],{"class":73},[52,14903,5157],{"class":77},[52,14905,81],{"class":73},[52,14907,84],{"class":66},[52,14909,1570],{"class":110},[52,14911,135],{"class":66},[52,14913,14914,14917,14919,14922,14924,14926],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,14915,14916],{"class":58},"data_copy ",[52,14918,63],{"class":62},[52,14920,14921],{"class":58}," data",[52,14923,35],{"class":66},[52,14925,13267],{"class":155},[52,14927,650],{"class":66},[52,14929,14930],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,14931,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14933,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,14935,630],{"class":58},[52,14937,1709],{"class":66},[52,14939,81],{"class":73},[52,14941,26],{"class":77},[52,14943,81],{"class":73},[52,14945,13629],{"class":66},[52,14947,13632],{"class":62},[52,14949,2986],{"class":110},[52,14951,14952,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,14953,14954],{"class":58},"data_copy",[52,14956,1709],{"class":66},[52,14958,81],{"class":73},[52,14960,5157],{"class":77},[52,14962,81],{"class":73},[52,14964,13629],{"class":66},[52,14966,13632],{"class":62},[52,14968,14969],{"class":110}," 20\n",[52,14971,14972],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,14973,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,14975,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,14977,149],{"class":148},[52,14979,152],{"class":66},[52,14981,81],{"class":73},[52,14983,13650],{"class":77},[52,14985,81],{"class":73},[52,14987,193],{"class":66},[52,14989,14921],{"class":155},[52,14991,159],{"class":66},[52,14993,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15009],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,14995,149],{"class":148},[52,14997,152],{"class":66},[52,14999,81],{"class":73},[52,15001,13669],{"class":77},[52,15003,81],{"class":73},[52,15005,193],{"class":66},[52,15007,15008],{"class":155}," data_copy",[52,15010,159],{"class":66},[14,15012,15013],{},[18,15014,164],{},[42,15016,15018],{"className":44,"code":15017,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[49,15019,15020,15052],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,15021,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15023,13692],{"class":58},[52,15025,84],{"class":66},[52,15027,1799],{"class":66},[52,15029,177],{"class":73},[52,15031,26],{"class":77},[52,15033,177],{"class":73},[52,15035,84],{"class":66},[52,15037,6403],{"class":110},[52,15039,193],{"class":66},[52,15041,186],{"class":73},[52,15043,5157],{"class":77},[52,15045,177],{"class":73},[52,15047,84],{"class":66},[52,15049,1570],{"class":110},[52,15051,135],{"class":66},[52,15053,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,15055,13729],{"class":58},[52,15057,84],{"class":66},[52,15059,1799],{"class":66},[52,15061,177],{"class":73},[52,15063,26],{"class":77},[52,15065,177],{"class":73},[52,15067,84],{"class":66},[52,15069,5895],{"class":110},[52,15071,193],{"class":66},[52,15073,186],{"class":73},[52,15075,5157],{"class":77},[52,15077,177],{"class":73},[52,15079,84],{"class":66},[52,15081,111],{"class":110},[52,15083,135],{"class":66},[37,15085,1743],{"id":1742},[14,15087,15088,15089,84],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[49,15090,12792],{},[227,15092,15093,15100,15105,15110],{},[230,15094,8813,15095,11456,15097,15099],{},[49,15096,63],{},[49,15098,13134],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[230,15101,4976,15102,15104],{},[49,15103,13134],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[230,15106,15107,15108],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[49,15109,13134],{},[230,15111,15112],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,15114,15115],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[42,15117,15119],{"className":44,"code":15118,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[49,15120,15121,15131,15141,15155,15178,15200],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,15122,15123,15125,15127,15129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15124,149],{"class":148},[52,15126,152],{"class":66},[52,15128,12490],{"class":155},[52,15130,159],{"class":66},[52,15132,15133,15135,15137,15139],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,15134,149],{"class":148},[52,15136,152],{"class":66},[52,15138,14685],{"class":155},[52,15140,159],{"class":66},[52,15142,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,15144,149],{"class":148},[52,15146,152],{"class":66},[52,15148,12443],{"class":155},[52,15150,12551],{"class":4272},[52,15152,14739],{"class":155},[52,15154,159],{"class":66},[52,15156,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15172,15174,15176],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,15158,149],{"class":148},[52,15160,152],{"class":66},[52,15162,13006],{"class":148},[52,15164,152],{"class":66},[52,15166,12490],{"class":155},[52,15168,1115],{"class":66},[52,15170,15171],{"class":148}," id",[52,15173,152],{"class":66},[52,15175,14685],{"class":155},[52,15177,742],{"class":66},[52,15179,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,15181,149],{"class":148},[52,15183,152],{"class":66},[52,15185,13006],{"class":148},[52,15187,152],{"class":66},[52,15189,12490],{"class":155},[52,15191,1709],{"class":66},[52,15193,81],{"class":73},[52,15195,257],{"class":77},[52,15197,81],{"class":73},[52,15199,3395],{"class":66},[52,15201,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,15203,149],{"class":148},[52,15205,152],{"class":66},[52,15207,13006],{"class":148},[52,15209,152],{"class":66},[52,15211,14685],{"class":155},[52,15213,1709],{"class":66},[52,15215,81],{"class":73},[52,15217,257],{"class":77},[52,15219,81],{"class":73},[52,15221,3395],{"class":66},[14,15223,15224],{},"What these help you check:",[227,15226,15227,15230,15233],{},[230,15228,15229],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[230,15231,15232],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[230,15234,15235],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15237,15238,15239,35],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[26,15240,15242],{"href":15241},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[37,15244,2220],{"id":2219},[487,15246,13061,15248,15250],{"id":15247},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[49,15249,12792],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15252,15253],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[487,15255,15257,15258,15260],{"id":15256},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[49,15259,12792],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15262,15263],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[487,15265,2259,15267,2262,15269,2265],{"id":15266},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[49,15268,13134],{},[49,15270,63],{},[14,15272,15273,15275,15276,15278],{},[49,15274,13134],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[49,15277,63],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[487,15280,15282],{"id":15281},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15284,15285],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[37,15287,2277],{"id":2276},[227,15289,15290,15294,15298,15302,15309,15315],{},[230,15291,15292],{},[26,15293,11606],{"href":2359},[230,15295,15296],{},[26,15297,29],{"href":13379},[230,15299,15300],{},[26,15301,14146],{"href":14145},[230,15303,15304],{},[26,15305,2199,15306,2292],{"href":14387},[49,15307,15308],{},"update()",[230,15310,15311],{},[26,15312,2199,15313,2292],{"href":13181},[49,15314,11683],{},[230,15316,15317],{},[26,15318,15319],{"href":15241},"How to copy a list in Python",[2315,15321,15322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":15324},[15325,15326,15328,15329,15330,15331,15333,15339,15340,15341,15350],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":13351,"depth":70,"text":15327},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":13789,"depth":70,"text":13790},{"id":14149,"depth":70,"text":15332},"When to use copy()",{"id":14397,"depth":70,"text":15334,"children":15335},"copy() vs assignment",[15336,15337],{"id":14414,"depth":98,"text":14415},{"id":14622,"depth":98,"text":15338},"Using copy()",{"id":14853,"depth":70,"text":14854},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":15342},[15343,15345,15347,15349],{"id":15247,"depth":98,"text":15344},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15256,"depth":98,"text":15346},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15266,"depth":98,"text":15348},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15281,"depth":98,"text":15282},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17347,"toc":19753},[17348,17354,17360,17363,17366,17368,17450,17456,17461,17465,17483,17495,17500,17504,17527,17531,17543,17551,17555,17561,17563,17566,17641,17643,17688,17690,17707,17712,17718,17723,17797,17799,17844,17847,17858,17860,17979,17981,18034,18041,18045,18048,18065,18071,18075,18173,18175,18227,18234,18238,18244,18247,18250,18277,18282,18286,18289,18393,18395,18440,18443,18446,18451,18456,18467,18469,18530,18590,18596,18604,18610,18615,18620,18680,18684,18751,18754,18758,18829,18832,18845,18852,18854,18858,18862,18933,18935,18972,18975,18978,19041,19048,19051,19093,19103,19106,19175,19181,19186,19270,19272,19321,19328,19334,19379,19381,19414,19419,19423,19429,19468,19512,19580,19623,19625,19631,19634,19638,19643,19647,19650,19654,19656,19717,19719,19745,19750],[10,17349,11680,17351,11684],{"id":17350},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[49,17352,17353],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17355,17356,17359],{},[49,17357,17358],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17361,17362],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17364,17365],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[37,17367,40],{"id":39},[42,17369,17371],{"className":44,"code":17370,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[49,17372,17373,17406,17434,17445],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17374,17375,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17376,17377],{"class":58},"keys ",[52,17379,63],{"class":62},[52,17381,4017],{"class":66},[52,17383,81],{"class":73},[52,17385,78],{"class":77},[52,17387,81],{"class":73},[52,17389,193],{"class":66},[52,17391,87],{"class":73},[52,17393,103],{"class":77},[52,17395,81],{"class":73},[52,17397,193],{"class":66},[52,17399,87],{"class":73},[52,17401,1137],{"class":77},[52,17403,81],{"class":73},[52,17405,4030],{"class":66},[52,17407,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17430,17432],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,17409,13560],{"class":58},[52,17411,63],{"class":62},[52,17413,647],{"class":646},[52,17415,35],{"class":66},[52,17417,17418],{"class":155},"fromkeys",[52,17420,152],{"class":66},[52,17422,2055],{"class":155},[52,17424,193],{"class":66},[52,17426,87],{"class":73},[52,17428,17429],{"class":77},"unknown",[52,17431,81],{"class":73},[52,17433,159],{"class":66},[52,17435,17436,17438,17440,17443],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,17437,149],{"class":148},[52,17439,152],{"class":66},[52,17441,17442],{"class":155},"person",[52,17444,159],{"class":66},[52,17446,17447],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,17448,17449],{"class":1017},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17451,340,17452,17455],{},[49,17453,17454],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[37,17457,4073,17459,4076],{"id":17458},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[49,17460,17358],{},[14,17462,17463,84],{},[49,17464,17358],{},[227,17466,17467,17470,17473,17476],{},[230,17468,17469],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[230,17471,17472],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[230,17474,17475],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[230,17477,17478,17479,17482],{},"Is called as ",[49,17480,17481],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17484,17485,17486,17488,17489,17491,17492,35],{},"This is a class method on ",[49,17487,780],{},", so you write ",[49,17490,17481],{}," instead of something like ",[49,17493,17494],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17496,17497,17498,35],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[26,17499,29],{"href":13379},[37,17501,17503],{"id":17502},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[42,17505,17507],{"className":44,"code":17506,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[49,17508,17509],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17512,780],{"class":646},[52,17514,35],{"class":66},[52,17516,17418],{"class":155},[52,17518,152],{"class":66},[52,17520,4117],{"class":155},[52,17522,193],{"class":66},[52,17524,8829],{"class":155},[52,17526,159],{"class":66},[487,17528,17530],{"id":17529},"parameters","Parameters",[227,17532,17533,17538],{},[230,17534,17535,17537],{},[49,17536,4117],{},": the keys to use",[230,17539,17540,17542],{},[49,17541,263],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17544,17545,17546,17548,17549,35],{},"If you leave out ",[49,17547,263],{},", each key gets ",[49,17550,4175],{},[487,17552,17554],{"id":17553},"return-value","Return value",[14,17556,17557,17558,35],{},"It returns a ",[18,17559,17560],{},"new dictionary",[37,17562,6185],{"id":6184},[14,17564,17565],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[42,17567,17569],{"className":44,"code":17568,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[49,17570,17571,17604,17626,17630],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17572,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17574,17377],{"class":58},[52,17576,63],{"class":62},[52,17578,4017],{"class":66},[52,17580,81],{"class":73},[52,17582,13448],{"class":77},[52,17584,81],{"class":73},[52,17586,193],{"class":66},[52,17588,87],{"class":73},[52,17590,17591],{"class":77},"green",[52,17593,81],{"class":73},[52,17595,193],{"class":66},[52,17597,87],{"class":73},[52,17599,13465],{"class":77},[52,17601,81],{"class":73},[52,17603,4030],{"class":66},[52,17605,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,17607,13431],{"class":58},[52,17609,63],{"class":62},[52,17611,647],{"class":646},[52,17613,35],{"class":66},[52,17615,17418],{"class":155},[52,17617,152],{"class":66},[52,17619,2055],{"class":155},[52,17621,193],{"class":66},[52,17623,4229],{"class":110},[52,17625,159],{"class":66},[52,17627,17628],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,17629,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,17631,17632,17634,17636,17639],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,17633,149],{"class":148},[52,17635,152],{"class":66},[52,17637,17638],{"class":155},"colors",[52,17640,159],{"class":66},[14,17642,164],{},[42,17644,17646],{"className":44,"code":17645,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[49,17647,17648],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17649,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17651,174],{"class":66},[52,17653,177],{"class":73},[52,17655,13448],{"class":77},[52,17657,177],{"class":73},[52,17659,84],{"class":66},[52,17661,4229],{"class":110},[52,17663,193],{"class":66},[52,17665,186],{"class":73},[52,17667,17591],{"class":77},[52,17669,177],{"class":73},[52,17671,84],{"class":66},[52,17673,4229],{"class":110},[52,17675,193],{"class":66},[52,17677,186],{"class":73},[52,17679,13465],{"class":77},[52,17681,177],{"class":73},[52,17683,84],{"class":66},[52,17685,4229],{"class":110},[52,17687,135],{"class":66},[14,17689,12041],{},[227,17691,17692,17697,17702],{},[230,17693,17694,17696],{},[49,17695,2055],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[230,17698,17699,17701],{},[49,17700,2514],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[230,17703,17704,17706],{},[49,17705,17358],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17708,17709,17710,35],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[26,17711,9769],{"href":2359},[37,17713,8813,17715,17717],{"id":17714},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[49,17716,17353],{}," without a value",[14,17719,17720,17721,35],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[49,17722,4175],{},[42,17724,17726],{"className":44,"code":17725,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[49,17727,17728,17762,17782,17786],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17729,17730,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17758,17760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17731,17732],{"class":58},"fields ",[52,17734,63],{"class":62},[52,17736,4017],{"class":66},[52,17738,81],{"class":73},[52,17740,1645],{"class":77},[52,17742,81],{"class":73},[52,17744,193],{"class":66},[52,17746,87],{"class":73},[52,17748,327],{"class":77},[52,17750,81],{"class":73},[52,17752,193],{"class":66},[52,17754,87],{"class":73},[52,17756,17757],{"class":77},"password",[52,17759,81],{"class":73},[52,17761,4030],{"class":66},[52,17763,17764,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17780],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,17765,17766],{"class":58},"user_data ",[52,17768,63],{"class":62},[52,17770,647],{"class":646},[52,17772,35],{"class":66},[52,17774,17418],{"class":155},[52,17776,152],{"class":66},[52,17778,17779],{"class":155},"fields",[52,17781,159],{"class":66},[52,17783,17784],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,17785,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,17787,17788,17790,17792,17795],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,17789,149],{"class":148},[52,17791,152],{"class":66},[52,17793,17794],{"class":155},"user_data",[52,17796,159],{"class":66},[14,17798,164],{},[42,17800,17802],{"className":44,"code":17801,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[49,17803,17804],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17805,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17807,174],{"class":66},[52,17809,177],{"class":73},[52,17811,1645],{"class":77},[52,17813,177],{"class":73},[52,17815,84],{"class":66},[52,17817,4248],{"class":128},[52,17819,193],{"class":66},[52,17821,186],{"class":73},[52,17823,327],{"class":77},[52,17825,177],{"class":73},[52,17827,84],{"class":66},[52,17829,4248],{"class":128},[52,17831,193],{"class":66},[52,17833,186],{"class":73},[52,17835,17757],{"class":77},[52,17837,177],{"class":73},[52,17839,84],{"class":66},[52,17841,4248],{"class":128},[52,17843,135],{"class":66},[14,17845,17846],{},"This is useful when:",[227,17848,17849,17852,17855],{},[230,17850,17851],{},"You want to create the keys first",[230,17853,17854],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[230,17856,17857],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17859,511],{},[42,17861,17863],{"className":44,"code":17862,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[49,17864,17865,17897,17915,17919,17942,17965,17969],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17866,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17868,17732],{"class":58},[52,17870,63],{"class":62},[52,17872,4017],{"class":66},[52,17874,81],{"class":73},[52,17876,1645],{"class":77},[52,17878,81],{"class":73},[52,17880,193],{"class":66},[52,17882,87],{"class":73},[52,17884,327],{"class":77},[52,17886,81],{"class":73},[52,17888,193],{"class":66},[52,17890,87],{"class":73},[52,17892,17757],{"class":77},[52,17894,81],{"class":73},[52,17896,4030],{"class":66},[52,17898,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,17900,17766],{"class":58},[52,17902,63],{"class":62},[52,17904,647],{"class":646},[52,17906,35],{"class":66},[52,17908,17418],{"class":155},[52,17910,152],{"class":66},[52,17912,17779],{"class":155},[52,17914,159],{"class":66},[52,17916,17917],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,17918,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,17920,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17940],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,17922,17794],{"class":58},[52,17924,1709],{"class":66},[52,17926,81],{"class":73},[52,17928,1645],{"class":77},[52,17930,81],{"class":73},[52,17932,13629],{"class":66},[52,17934,13632],{"class":62},[52,17936,87],{"class":73},[52,17938,17939],{"class":77},"alice",[52,17941,297],{"class":73},[52,17943,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17963],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,17945,17794],{"class":58},[52,17947,1709],{"class":66},[52,17949,81],{"class":73},[52,17951,327],{"class":77},[52,17953,81],{"class":73},[52,17955,13629],{"class":66},[52,17957,13632],{"class":62},[52,17959,87],{"class":73},[52,17961,17962],{"class":77},"alice@example.com",[52,17964,297],{"class":73},[52,17966,17967],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,17968,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,17970,17971,17973,17975,17977],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,17972,149],{"class":148},[52,17974,152],{"class":66},[52,17976,17794],{"class":155},[52,17978,159],{"class":66},[14,17980,164],{},[42,17982,17984],{"className":44,"code":17983,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[49,17985,17986],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,17987,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17989,174],{"class":66},[52,17991,177],{"class":73},[52,17993,1645],{"class":77},[52,17995,177],{"class":73},[52,17997,84],{"class":66},[52,17999,186],{"class":73},[52,18001,17939],{"class":77},[52,18003,177],{"class":73},[52,18005,193],{"class":66},[52,18007,186],{"class":73},[52,18009,327],{"class":77},[52,18011,177],{"class":73},[52,18013,84],{"class":66},[52,18015,186],{"class":73},[52,18017,17962],{"class":77},[52,18019,177],{"class":73},[52,18021,193],{"class":66},[52,18023,186],{"class":73},[52,18025,17757],{"class":77},[52,18027,177],{"class":73},[52,18029,84],{"class":66},[52,18031,4248],{"class":128},[52,18033,135],{"class":66},[14,18035,18036,18037,35],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[26,18038,18040],{"href":18039},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[37,18042,18044],{"id":18043},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18046,18047],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[227,18049,18050,18055,18060],{},[230,18051,18052,18054],{},[49,18053,4184],{}," (list)",[230,18056,18057,18059],{},[49,18058,343],{}," (dictionary)",[230,18061,18062,18064],{},[49,18063,695],{}," (set)",[14,18066,18067,18068,35],{},"All keys will point to the ",[18,18069,18070],{},"same object",[487,18072,18074],{"id":18073},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[42,18076,18078],{"className":44,"code":18077,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[49,18079,18080,18112,18133,18137,18159,18163],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18081,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18083,17377],{"class":58},[52,18085,63],{"class":62},[52,18087,4017],{"class":66},[52,18089,81],{"class":73},[52,18091,26],{"class":77},[52,18093,81],{"class":73},[52,18095,193],{"class":66},[52,18097,87],{"class":73},[52,18099,5157],{"class":77},[52,18101,81],{"class":73},[52,18103,193],{"class":66},[52,18105,87],{"class":73},[52,18107,10111],{"class":77},[52,18109,81],{"class":73},[52,18111,4030],{"class":66},[52,18113,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18115,616],{"class":58},[52,18117,63],{"class":62},[52,18119,647],{"class":646},[52,18121,35],{"class":66},[52,18123,17418],{"class":155},[52,18125,152],{"class":66},[52,18127,2055],{"class":155},[52,18129,193],{"class":66},[52,18131,18132],{"class":66}," [])\n",[52,18134,18135],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,18136,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,18138,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,18140,630],{"class":58},[52,18142,1709],{"class":66},[52,18144,81],{"class":73},[52,18146,26],{"class":77},[52,18148,81],{"class":73},[52,18150,13906],{"class":66},[52,18152,13909],{"class":155},[52,18154,152],{"class":66},[52,18156,1565],{"class":110},[52,18158,159],{"class":66},[52,18160,18161],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,18162,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,18164,18165,18167,18169,18171],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,18166,149],{"class":148},[52,18168,152],{"class":66},[52,18170,630],{"class":155},[52,18172,159],{"class":66},[14,18174,164],{},[42,18176,18178],{"className":44,"code":18177,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[49,18179,18180],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18183,174],{"class":66},[52,18185,177],{"class":73},[52,18187,26],{"class":77},[52,18189,177],{"class":73},[52,18191,84],{"class":66},[52,18193,4017],{"class":66},[52,18195,1565],{"class":110},[52,18197,18198],{"class":66},"],",[52,18200,186],{"class":73},[52,18202,5157],{"class":77},[52,18204,177],{"class":73},[52,18206,84],{"class":66},[52,18208,4017],{"class":66},[52,18210,1565],{"class":110},[52,18212,18198],{"class":66},[52,18214,186],{"class":73},[52,18216,10111],{"class":77},[52,18218,177],{"class":73},[52,18220,84],{"class":66},[52,18222,4017],{"class":66},[52,18224,1565],{"class":110},[52,18226,14061],{"class":66},[14,18228,18229,18230,18233],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[49,18231,18232],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[487,18235,18237],{"id":18236},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18239,18240,18243],{},[49,18241,18242],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18245,18246],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18248,18249],{},"So this:",[42,18251,18253],{"className":44,"code":18252,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[49,18254,18255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18256,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18258,630],{"class":58},[52,18260,1709],{"class":66},[52,18262,81],{"class":73},[52,18264,26],{"class":77},[52,18266,81],{"class":73},[52,18268,13906],{"class":66},[52,18270,13909],{"class":155},[52,18272,152],{"class":66},[52,18274,1565],{"class":110},[52,18276,159],{"class":66},[14,18278,18279,18280,35],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[49,18281,18232],{},[487,18283,18285],{"id":18284},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18287,18288],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[42,18290,18292],{"className":44,"code":18291,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[49,18293,18294,18326,18353,18357,18379,18383],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18295,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18297,17377],{"class":58},[52,18299,63],{"class":62},[52,18301,4017],{"class":66},[52,18303,81],{"class":73},[52,18305,26],{"class":77},[52,18307,81],{"class":73},[52,18309,193],{"class":66},[52,18311,87],{"class":73},[52,18313,5157],{"class":77},[52,18315,81],{"class":73},[52,18317,193],{"class":66},[52,18319,87],{"class":73},[52,18321,10111],{"class":77},[52,18323,81],{"class":73},[52,18325,4030],{"class":66},[52,18327,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18341,18343,18346,18348,18351],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18329,616],{"class":58},[52,18331,63],{"class":62},[52,18333,1799],{"class":66},[52,18335,257],{"class":58},[52,18337,84],{"class":66},[52,18339,18340],{"class":66}," []",[52,18342,4273],{"class":4272},[52,18344,18345],{"class":58}," key ",[52,18347,4279],{"class":4272},[52,18349,18350],{"class":58}," keys",[52,18352,135],{"class":66},[52,18354,18355],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,18356,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,18358,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,18360,630],{"class":58},[52,18362,1709],{"class":66},[52,18364,81],{"class":73},[52,18366,26],{"class":77},[52,18368,81],{"class":73},[52,18370,13906],{"class":66},[52,18372,13909],{"class":155},[52,18374,152],{"class":66},[52,18376,1565],{"class":110},[52,18378,159],{"class":66},[52,18380,18381],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,18382,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,18384,18385,18387,18389,18391],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,18386,149],{"class":148},[52,18388,152],{"class":66},[52,18390,630],{"class":155},[52,18392,159],{"class":66},[14,18394,164],{},[42,18396,18398],{"className":44,"code":18397,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[49,18399,18400],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18401,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18403,174],{"class":66},[52,18405,177],{"class":73},[52,18407,26],{"class":77},[52,18409,177],{"class":73},[52,18411,84],{"class":66},[52,18413,4017],{"class":66},[52,18415,1565],{"class":110},[52,18417,18198],{"class":66},[52,18419,186],{"class":73},[52,18421,5157],{"class":77},[52,18423,177],{"class":73},[52,18425,84],{"class":66},[52,18427,18428],{"class":66}," [],",[52,18430,186],{"class":73},[52,18432,10111],{"class":77},[52,18434,177],{"class":73},[52,18436,84],{"class":66},[52,18438,18439],{"class":66}," []}\n",[14,18441,18442],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18444,18445],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[37,18447,5358,18449],{"id":18448},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[49,18450,17353],{},[14,18452,18453,18455],{},[49,18454,17358],{}," is a good choice when:",[227,18457,18458,18461,18464],{},[230,18459,18460],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[230,18462,18463],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[230,18465,18466],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18468,2520],{},[42,18470,18472],{"className":44,"code":18471,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[49,18473,18474,18519],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18475,18476,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18511,18513,18515,18517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18477,18478],{"class":58},"flags ",[52,18480,63],{"class":62},[52,18482,647],{"class":646},[52,18484,35],{"class":66},[52,18486,17418],{"class":155},[52,18488,2152],{"class":66},[52,18490,81],{"class":73},[52,18492,18493],{"class":77},"is_admin",[52,18495,81],{"class":73},[52,18497,193],{"class":66},[52,18499,87],{"class":73},[52,18501,121],{"class":77},[52,18503,81],{"class":73},[52,18505,193],{"class":66},[52,18507,87],{"class":73},[52,18509,18510],{"class":77},"is_verified",[52,18512,81],{"class":73},[52,18514,18198],{"class":66},[52,18516,4302],{"class":128},[52,18518,159],{"class":66},[52,18520,18521,18523,18525,18528],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18522,149],{"class":148},[52,18524,152],{"class":66},[52,18526,18527],{"class":155},"flags",[52,18529,159],{"class":66},[42,18531,18533],{"className":44,"code":18532,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[49,18534,18535,18580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18536,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18554,18556,18558,18560,18563,18565,18567,18569,18572,18574,18576,18578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18538,1441],{"class":58},[52,18540,63],{"class":62},[52,18542,647],{"class":646},[52,18544,35],{"class":66},[52,18546,17418],{"class":155},[52,18548,2152],{"class":66},[52,18550,81],{"class":73},[52,18552,18553],{"class":77},"math",[52,18555,81],{"class":73},[52,18557,193],{"class":66},[52,18559,87],{"class":73},[52,18561,18562],{"class":77},"science",[52,18564,81],{"class":73},[52,18566,193],{"class":66},[52,18568,87],{"class":73},[52,18570,18571],{"class":77},"history",[52,18573,81],{"class":73},[52,18575,18198],{"class":66},[52,18577,4229],{"class":110},[52,18579,159],{"class":66},[52,18581,18582,18584,18586,18588],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18583,149],{"class":148},[52,18585,152],{"class":66},[52,18587,1508],{"class":155},[52,18589,159],{"class":66},[14,18591,18592,18593,18595],{},"It is ",[18,18594,1006],{}," the best choice when:",[227,18597,18598,18601],{},[230,18599,18600],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[230,18602,18603],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[37,18605,18607,18609],{"id":18606},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[49,18608,17353],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18611,18612,18614],{},[49,18613,17353],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[487,18616,8813,18618],{"id":18617},"using-fromkeys",[49,18619,17353],{},[42,18621,18623],{"className":44,"code":18622,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[49,18624,18625,18670],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18626,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18644,18646,18648,18650,18653,18655,18657,18659,18662,18664,18666,18668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18628,14181],{"class":58},[52,18630,63],{"class":62},[52,18632,647],{"class":646},[52,18634,35],{"class":66},[52,18636,17418],{"class":155},[52,18638,2152],{"class":66},[52,18640,81],{"class":73},[52,18642,18643],{"class":77},"sound",[52,18645,81],{"class":73},[52,18647,193],{"class":66},[52,18649,87],{"class":73},[52,18651,18652],{"class":77},"music",[52,18654,81],{"class":73},[52,18656,193],{"class":66},[52,18658,87],{"class":73},[52,18660,18661],{"class":77},"notifications",[52,18663,81],{"class":73},[52,18665,18198],{"class":66},[52,18667,216],{"class":128},[52,18669,159],{"class":66},[52,18671,18672,18674,18676,18678],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18673,149],{"class":148},[52,18675,152],{"class":66},[52,18677,1617],{"class":155},[52,18679,159],{"class":66},[487,18681,18683],{"id":18682},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[42,18685,18687],{"className":44,"code":18686,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[49,18688,18689,18697,18711,18725,18737,18741],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18690,18691,18693,18695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18692,14181],{"class":58},[52,18694,63],{"class":62},[52,18696,67],{"class":66},[52,18698,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18700,74],{"class":73},[52,18702,18643],{"class":77},[52,18704,81],{"class":73},[52,18706,84],{"class":66},[52,18708,216],{"class":128},[52,18710,95],{"class":66},[52,18712,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,18714,74],{"class":73},[52,18716,18652],{"class":77},[52,18718,81],{"class":73},[52,18720,84],{"class":66},[52,18722,4302],{"class":128},[52,18724,95],{"class":66},[52,18726,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,18728,74],{"class":73},[52,18730,18661],{"class":77},[52,18732,81],{"class":73},[52,18734,84],{"class":66},[52,18736,129],{"class":128},[52,18738,18739],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,18740,135],{"class":66},[52,18742,18743,18745,18747,18749],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,18744,149],{"class":148},[52,18746,152],{"class":66},[52,18748,1617],{"class":155},[52,18750,159],{"class":66},[14,18752,18753],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[487,18755,18757],{"id":18756},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[42,18759,18761],{"className":44,"code":18760,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[49,18762,18763,18795,18819],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18764,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18766,17377],{"class":58},[52,18768,63],{"class":62},[52,18770,4017],{"class":66},[52,18772,81],{"class":73},[52,18774,26],{"class":77},[52,18776,81],{"class":73},[52,18778,193],{"class":66},[52,18780,87],{"class":73},[52,18782,5157],{"class":77},[52,18784,81],{"class":73},[52,18786,193],{"class":66},[52,18788,87],{"class":73},[52,18790,10111],{"class":77},[52,18792,81],{"class":73},[52,18794,4030],{"class":66},[52,18796,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18798,616],{"class":58},[52,18800,63],{"class":62},[52,18802,1799],{"class":66},[52,18804,257],{"class":58},[52,18806,84],{"class":66},[52,18808,18340],{"class":66},[52,18810,4273],{"class":4272},[52,18812,18345],{"class":58},[52,18814,4279],{"class":4272},[52,18816,18350],{"class":58},[52,18818,135],{"class":66},[52,18820,18821,18823,18825,18827],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,18822,149],{"class":148},[52,18824,152],{"class":66},[52,18826,630],{"class":155},[52,18828,159],{"class":66},[14,18830,18831],{},"Use:",[227,18833,18834,18839,18842],{},[230,18835,18836,18838],{},[49,18837,17353],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[230,18840,18841],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[230,18843,18844],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18846,18847,18848,35],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[26,18849,2199,18850,2292],{"href":14387},[49,18851,15308],{},[37,18853,1743],{"id":1742},[14,18855,15088,18856,35],{},[49,18857,17358],{},[487,18859,18861],{"id":18860},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[42,18863,18865],{"className":44,"code":18864,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[49,18866,18867,18900,18923],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18868,18869,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18870,18871],{"class":58},"d ",[52,18873,63],{"class":62},[52,18875,647],{"class":646},[52,18877,35],{"class":66},[52,18879,17418],{"class":155},[52,18881,2152],{"class":66},[52,18883,81],{"class":73},[52,18885,26],{"class":77},[52,18887,81],{"class":73},[52,18889,193],{"class":66},[52,18891,87],{"class":73},[52,18893,5157],{"class":77},[52,18895,81],{"class":73},[52,18897,18198],{"class":66},[52,18899,18132],{"class":66},[52,18901,18902,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,18903,18904],{"class":58},"d",[52,18906,1709],{"class":66},[52,18908,81],{"class":73},[52,18910,26],{"class":77},[52,18912,81],{"class":73},[52,18914,13906],{"class":66},[52,18916,13909],{"class":155},[52,18918,152],{"class":66},[52,18920,1565],{"class":110},[52,18922,159],{"class":66},[52,18924,18925,18927,18929,18931],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,18926,149],{"class":148},[52,18928,152],{"class":66},[52,18930,18904],{"class":155},[52,18932,159],{"class":66},[14,18934,164],{},[42,18936,18938],{"className":44,"code":18937,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[49,18939,18940],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18941,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18943,174],{"class":66},[52,18945,177],{"class":73},[52,18947,26],{"class":77},[52,18949,177],{"class":73},[52,18951,84],{"class":66},[52,18953,4017],{"class":66},[52,18955,1565],{"class":110},[52,18957,18198],{"class":66},[52,18959,186],{"class":73},[52,18961,5157],{"class":77},[52,18963,177],{"class":73},[52,18965,84],{"class":66},[52,18967,4017],{"class":66},[52,18969,1565],{"class":110},[52,18971,14061],{"class":66},[14,18973,18974],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18976,18977],{},"Use this instead:",[42,18979,18981],{"className":44,"code":18980,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[49,18982,18983,19007,19031],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,18984,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18986,17377],{"class":58},[52,18988,63],{"class":62},[52,18990,4017],{"class":66},[52,18992,81],{"class":73},[52,18994,26],{"class":77},[52,18996,81],{"class":73},[52,18998,193],{"class":66},[52,19000,87],{"class":73},[52,19002,5157],{"class":77},[52,19004,81],{"class":73},[52,19006,4030],{"class":66},[52,19008,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19010,18871],{"class":58},[52,19012,63],{"class":62},[52,19014,1799],{"class":66},[52,19016,257],{"class":58},[52,19018,84],{"class":66},[52,19020,18340],{"class":66},[52,19022,4273],{"class":4272},[52,19024,18345],{"class":58},[52,19026,4279],{"class":4272},[52,19028,18350],{"class":58},[52,19030,135],{"class":66},[52,19032,19033,19035,19037,19039],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,19034,149],{"class":148},[52,19036,152],{"class":66},[52,19038,18904],{"class":155},[52,19040,159],{"class":66},[487,19042,19044,19045,19047],{"id":19043},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[49,19046,17353],{}," on a list",[14,19049,19050],{},"Wrong idea:",[42,19052,19054],{"className":44,"code":19053,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[49,19055,19056,19088],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19057,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19059,17377],{"class":58},[52,19061,63],{"class":62},[52,19063,4017],{"class":66},[52,19065,81],{"class":73},[52,19067,26],{"class":77},[52,19069,81],{"class":73},[52,19071,193],{"class":66},[52,19073,87],{"class":73},[52,19075,5157],{"class":77},[52,19077,81],{"class":73},[52,19079,193],{"class":66},[52,19081,87],{"class":73},[52,19083,10111],{"class":77},[52,19085,81],{"class":73},[52,19087,4030],{"class":66},[52,19089,19090],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19091,19092],{"class":1017},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19094,19095,19097,19098,19100,19101,35],{},[49,19096,17353],{}," belongs to ",[49,19099,780],{},", not ",[49,19102,8488],{},[14,19104,19105],{},"Correct usage:",[42,19107,19109],{"className":44,"code":19108,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[49,19110,19111,19143,19165],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19112,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19114,17377],{"class":58},[52,19116,63],{"class":62},[52,19118,4017],{"class":66},[52,19120,81],{"class":73},[52,19122,26],{"class":77},[52,19124,81],{"class":73},[52,19126,193],{"class":66},[52,19128,87],{"class":73},[52,19130,5157],{"class":77},[52,19132,81],{"class":73},[52,19134,193],{"class":66},[52,19136,87],{"class":73},[52,19138,10111],{"class":77},[52,19140,81],{"class":73},[52,19142,4030],{"class":66},[52,19144,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19146,18871],{"class":58},[52,19148,63],{"class":62},[52,19150,647],{"class":646},[52,19152,35],{"class":66},[52,19154,17418],{"class":155},[52,19156,152],{"class":66},[52,19158,2055],{"class":155},[52,19160,193],{"class":66},[52,19162,4229],{"class":110},[52,19164,159],{"class":66},[52,19166,19167,19169,19171,19173],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,19168,149],{"class":148},[52,19170,152],{"class":66},[52,19172,18904],{"class":155},[52,19174,159],{"class":66},[487,19176,8849,19178,19180],{"id":19177},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[49,19179,17353],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19182,19183,19185],{},[49,19184,17358],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[42,19187,19189],{"className":44,"code":19188,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[49,19190,19191,19211,19245,19249,19259],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19192,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19194,12443],{"class":58},[52,19196,63],{"class":62},[52,19198,1799],{"class":66},[52,19200,81],{"class":73},[52,19202,2570],{"class":77},[52,19204,81],{"class":73},[52,19206,84],{"class":66},[52,19208,5895],{"class":110},[52,19210,135],{"class":66},[52,19212,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19214,13393],{"class":58},[52,19216,63],{"class":62},[52,19218,647],{"class":646},[52,19220,35],{"class":66},[52,19222,17418],{"class":155},[52,19224,2152],{"class":66},[52,19226,81],{"class":73},[52,19228,26],{"class":77},[52,19230,81],{"class":73},[52,19232,193],{"class":66},[52,19234,87],{"class":73},[52,19236,5157],{"class":77},[52,19238,81],{"class":73},[52,19240,18198],{"class":66},[52,19242,4229],{"class":110},[52,19244,159],{"class":66},[52,19246,19247],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,19248,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,19250,19251,19253,19255,19257],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,19252,149],{"class":148},[52,19254,152],{"class":66},[52,19256,12490],{"class":155},[52,19258,159],{"class":66},[52,19260,19261,19263,19265,19268],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,19262,149],{"class":148},[52,19264,152],{"class":66},[52,19266,19267],{"class":155},"new_dict",[52,19269,159],{"class":66},[14,19271,164],{},[42,19273,19275],{"className":44,"code":19274,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[49,19276,19277,19293],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19278,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19280,174],{"class":66},[52,19282,177],{"class":73},[52,19284,2570],{"class":77},[52,19286,177],{"class":73},[52,19288,84],{"class":66},[52,19290,5895],{"class":110},[52,19292,135],{"class":66},[52,19294,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19296,174],{"class":66},[52,19298,177],{"class":73},[52,19300,26],{"class":77},[52,19302,177],{"class":73},[52,19304,84],{"class":66},[52,19306,4229],{"class":110},[52,19308,193],{"class":66},[52,19310,186],{"class":73},[52,19312,5157],{"class":77},[52,19314,177],{"class":73},[52,19316,84],{"class":66},[52,19318,4229],{"class":110},[52,19320,135],{"class":66},[14,19322,19323,19324,35],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[26,19325,2199,19326,2292],{"href":14387},[49,19327,15308],{},[487,19329,19331,19332],{"id":19330},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[49,19333,4175],{},[42,19335,19337],{"className":44,"code":19336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[49,19338,19339,19369],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19340,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19342,18871],{"class":58},[52,19344,63],{"class":62},[52,19346,647],{"class":646},[52,19348,35],{"class":66},[52,19350,17418],{"class":155},[52,19352,2152],{"class":66},[52,19354,81],{"class":73},[52,19356,2570],{"class":77},[52,19358,81],{"class":73},[52,19360,193],{"class":66},[52,19362,87],{"class":73},[52,19364,12102],{"class":77},[52,19366,81],{"class":73},[52,19368,1718],{"class":66},[52,19370,19371,19373,19375,19377],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19372,149],{"class":148},[52,19374,152],{"class":66},[52,19376,18904],{"class":155},[52,19378,159],{"class":66},[14,19380,164],{},[42,19382,19384],{"className":44,"code":19383,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[49,19385,19386],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19387,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19389,174],{"class":66},[52,19391,177],{"class":73},[52,19393,2570],{"class":77},[52,19395,177],{"class":73},[52,19397,84],{"class":66},[52,19399,4248],{"class":128},[52,19401,193],{"class":66},[52,19403,186],{"class":73},[52,19405,12102],{"class":77},[52,19407,177],{"class":73},[52,19409,84],{"class":66},[52,19411,4248],{"class":128},[52,19413,135],{"class":66},[14,19415,19416,19417,35],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[49,19418,4175],{},[37,19420,19422],{"id":19421},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19424,19425,19426,19428],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[49,19427,17353],{}," works.",[42,19430,19432],{"className":44,"code":19431,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[49,19433,19434],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19435,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19437,149],{"class":148},[52,19439,152],{"class":66},[52,19441,780],{"class":646},[52,19443,35],{"class":66},[52,19445,17418],{"class":155},[52,19447,2152],{"class":66},[52,19449,81],{"class":73},[52,19451,26],{"class":77},[52,19453,81],{"class":73},[52,19455,193],{"class":66},[52,19457,87],{"class":73},[52,19459,5157],{"class":77},[52,19461,81],{"class":73},[52,19463,18198],{"class":66},[52,19465,4229],{"class":110},[52,19467,742],{"class":66},[42,19469,19470],{"className":44,"code":19336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,19471,19472,19502],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19473,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19475,18871],{"class":58},[52,19477,63],{"class":62},[52,19479,647],{"class":646},[52,19481,35],{"class":66},[52,19483,17418],{"class":155},[52,19485,2152],{"class":66},[52,19487,81],{"class":73},[52,19489,2570],{"class":77},[52,19491,81],{"class":73},[52,19493,193],{"class":66},[52,19495,87],{"class":73},[52,19497,12102],{"class":77},[52,19499,81],{"class":73},[52,19501,1718],{"class":66},[52,19503,19504,19506,19508,19510],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19505,149],{"class":148},[52,19507,152],{"class":66},[52,19509,18904],{"class":155},[52,19511,159],{"class":66},[42,19513,19514],{"className":44,"code":18864,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,19515,19516,19548,19570],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19517,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19519,18871],{"class":58},[52,19521,63],{"class":62},[52,19523,647],{"class":646},[52,19525,35],{"class":66},[52,19527,17418],{"class":155},[52,19529,2152],{"class":66},[52,19531,81],{"class":73},[52,19533,26],{"class":77},[52,19535,81],{"class":73},[52,19537,193],{"class":66},[52,19539,87],{"class":73},[52,19541,5157],{"class":77},[52,19543,81],{"class":73},[52,19545,18198],{"class":66},[52,19547,18132],{"class":66},[52,19549,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19551,18904],{"class":58},[52,19553,1709],{"class":66},[52,19555,81],{"class":73},[52,19557,26],{"class":77},[52,19559,81],{"class":73},[52,19561,13906],{"class":66},[52,19563,13909],{"class":155},[52,19565,152],{"class":66},[52,19567,1565],{"class":110},[52,19569,159],{"class":66},[52,19571,19572,19574,19576,19578],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,19573,149],{"class":148},[52,19575,152],{"class":66},[52,19577,18904],{"class":155},[52,19579,159],{"class":66},[42,19581,19583],{"className":44,"code":19582,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[49,19584,19585],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19586,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19588,149],{"class":148},[52,19590,152],{"class":66},[52,19592,734],{"class":646},[52,19594,152],{"class":66},[52,19596,780],{"class":646},[52,19598,35],{"class":66},[52,19600,17418],{"class":155},[52,19602,2152],{"class":66},[52,19604,1565],{"class":110},[52,19606,193],{"class":66},[52,19608,1570],{"class":110},[52,19610,193],{"class":66},[52,19612,2850],{"class":110},[52,19614,18198],{"class":66},[52,19616,87],{"class":73},[52,19618,263],{"class":77},[52,19620,81],{"class":73},[52,19622,1291],{"class":66},[37,19624,2220],{"id":2219},[487,19626,13061,19628,19630],{"id":19627},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[49,19629,17353],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19632,19633],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[487,19635,19637],{"id":19636},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19639,19640,19641,35],{},"Each key gets ",[49,19642,4175],{},[487,19644,19646],{"id":19645},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19648,19649],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[487,19651,19653],{"id":19652},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19655,18288],{},[42,19657,19659],{"className":44,"code":19658,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[49,19660,19661,19693],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19662,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19664,17377],{"class":58},[52,19666,63],{"class":62},[52,19668,4017],{"class":66},[52,19670,81],{"class":73},[52,19672,26],{"class":77},[52,19674,81],{"class":73},[52,19676,193],{"class":66},[52,19678,87],{"class":73},[52,19680,5157],{"class":77},[52,19682,81],{"class":73},[52,19684,193],{"class":66},[52,19686,87],{"class":73},[52,19688,10111],{"class":77},[52,19690,81],{"class":73},[52,19692,4030],{"class":66},[52,19694,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19696,616],{"class":58},[52,19698,63],{"class":62},[52,19700,1799],{"class":66},[52,19702,257],{"class":58},[52,19704,84],{"class":66},[52,19706,18340],{"class":66},[52,19708,4273],{"class":4272},[52,19710,18345],{"class":58},[52,19712,4279],{"class":4272},[52,19714,18350],{"class":58},[52,19716,135],{"class":66},[37,19718,2277],{"id":2276},[227,19720,19721,19725,19729,19733,19739],{},[230,19722,19723],{},[26,19724,11606],{"href":2359},[230,19726,19727],{},[26,19728,29],{"href":13379},[230,19730,19731],{},[26,19732,2298],{"href":18039},[230,19734,19735],{},[26,19736,2199,19737,2292],{"href":14387},[49,19738,15308],{},[230,19740,19741],{},[26,19742,2199,19743,2292],{"href":15353},[49,19744,13134],{},[14,19746,340,19747,19749],{},[49,19748,17358],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2315,19751,19752],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":19754},[19755,19756,19758,19762,19763,19765,19770,19772,19779,19788,19789,19796],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":17458,"depth":70,"text":19757},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17502,"depth":70,"text":17503,"children":19759},[19760,19761],{"id":17529,"depth":98,"text":17530},{"id":17553,"depth":98,"text":17554},{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":17714,"depth":70,"text":19764},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18043,"depth":70,"text":18044,"children":19766},[19767,19768,19769],{"id":18073,"depth":98,"text":18074},{"id":18236,"depth":98,"text":18237},{"id":18284,"depth":98,"text":18285},{"id":18448,"depth":70,"text":19771},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18606,"depth":70,"text":19773,"children":19774},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19775,19777,19778],{"id":18617,"depth":98,"text":19776},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18682,"depth":98,"text":18683},{"id":18756,"depth":98,"text":18757},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":19780},[19781,19782,19784,19786],{"id":18860,"depth":98,"text":18861},{"id":19043,"depth":98,"text":19783},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19177,"depth":98,"text":19785},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19330,"depth":98,"text":19787},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19421,"depth":70,"text":19422},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":19790},[19791,19793,19794,19795],{"id":19627,"depth":98,"text":19792},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19636,"depth":98,"text":19637},{"id":19645,"depth":98,"text":19646},{"id":19652,"depth":98,"text":19653},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17345,"description":19797},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19804,"title":19805,"body":19806,"description":21636,"extension":2357,"meta":21637,"navigation":141,"path":21638,"seo":21639,"stem":21640,"__hash__":21641},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19807,"toc":21603},[19808,19813,19819,19830,19960,19967,19972,19976,19992,19994,20092,20095,20112,20116,20118,20123,20161,20164,20182,20184,20302,20307,20311,20327,20330,20466,20469,20474,20480,20483,20520,20523,20527,20532,20608,20612,20617,20699,20701,20717,20722,20726,20732,20801,20804,20821,20824,20906,20912,20915,20935,20939,20944,20950,20956,21027,21030,21036,21039,21113,21120,21126,21134,21144,21146,21241,21247,21252,21339,21345,21347,21352,21374,21377,21472,21475,21506,21519,21521,21529,21535,21541,21544,21550,21555,21562,21567,21569,21600],[10,19809,11680,19811,11684],{"id":19810},"python-dictionary-get-method",[49,19812,2291],{},[14,19814,19815,19816,19818],{},"The dictionary ",[49,19817,2291],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19820,19821,19822,2203,19825,2795,19827,19829],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[49,19823,19824],{},"KeyError",[49,19826,2291],{},[49,19828,4175],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[42,19831,19833],{"className":44,"code":19832,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[49,19834,19835,19871,19875,19901,19926],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,19836,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19838,13560],{"class":58},[52,19840,63],{"class":62},[52,19842,1799],{"class":66},[52,19844,81],{"class":73},[52,19846,78],{"class":77},[52,19848,81],{"class":73},[52,19850,84],{"class":66},[52,19852,87],{"class":73},[52,19854,90],{"class":77},[52,19856,81],{"class":73},[52,19858,193],{"class":66},[52,19860,87],{"class":73},[52,19862,103],{"class":77},[52,19864,81],{"class":73},[52,19866,84],{"class":66},[52,19868,9684],{"class":110},[52,19870,135],{"class":66},[52,19872,19873],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,19874,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,19876,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,19878,149],{"class":148},[52,19880,152],{"class":66},[52,19882,17442],{"class":155},[52,19884,35],{"class":66},[52,19886,19887],{"class":155},"get",[52,19889,152],{"class":66},[52,19891,81],{"class":73},[52,19893,78],{"class":77},[52,19895,81],{"class":73},[52,19897,5758],{"class":66},[52,19899,19900],{"class":1017},"           # Ana\n",[52,19902,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,19904,149],{"class":148},[52,19906,152],{"class":66},[52,19908,17442],{"class":155},[52,19910,35],{"class":66},[52,19912,19887],{"class":155},[52,19914,152],{"class":66},[52,19916,81],{"class":73},[52,19918,1137],{"class":77},[52,19920,81],{"class":73},[52,19922,5758],{"class":66},[52,19924,19925],{"class":1017},"           # None\n",[52,19927,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19953,19955,19957],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,19929,149],{"class":148},[52,19931,152],{"class":66},[52,19933,17442],{"class":155},[52,19935,35],{"class":66},[52,19937,19887],{"class":155},[52,19939,152],{"class":66},[52,19941,81],{"class":73},[52,19943,1137],{"class":77},[52,19945,81],{"class":73},[52,19947,193],{"class":66},[52,19949,87],{"class":73},[52,19951,19952],{"class":77},"N\u002FA",[52,19954,81],{"class":73},[52,19956,5758],{"class":66},[52,19958,19959],{"class":1017},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19961,340,19962,19964,19965,35],{},[49,19963,2291],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[49,19966,19824],{},[37,19968,4073,19970,4076],{"id":19969},"what-get-does",[49,19971,2291],{},[14,19973,2374,19974,11775],{},[49,19975,2291],{},[227,19977,19978,19981,19986,19989],{},[230,19979,19980],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[230,19982,11786,19983,19985],{},[49,19984,4175],{}," if the key does not exist",[230,19987,19988],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[230,19990,19991],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19993,511],{},[42,19995,19997],{"className":44,"code":19996,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[49,19998,19999,20038,20042,20067],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20000,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20020,20022,20024,20026,20029,20031,20033,20036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20002,59],{"class":58},[52,20004,63],{"class":62},[52,20006,1799],{"class":66},[52,20008,81],{"class":73},[52,20010,78],{"class":77},[52,20012,81],{"class":73},[52,20014,84],{"class":66},[52,20016,87],{"class":73},[52,20018,20019],{"class":77},"Lina",[52,20021,81],{"class":73},[52,20023,193],{"class":66},[52,20025,87],{"class":73},[52,20027,20028],{"class":77},"grade",[52,20030,81],{"class":73},[52,20032,84],{"class":66},[52,20034,20035],{"class":110}," 90",[52,20037,135],{"class":66},[52,20039,20040],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20041,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20043,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20045,149],{"class":148},[52,20047,152],{"class":66},[52,20049,156],{"class":155},[52,20051,35],{"class":66},[52,20053,19887],{"class":155},[52,20055,152],{"class":66},[52,20057,81],{"class":73},[52,20059,78],{"class":77},[52,20061,81],{"class":73},[52,20063,5758],{"class":66},[52,20065,20066],{"class":1017},"     # Lina\n",[52,20068,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,20070,149],{"class":148},[52,20072,152],{"class":66},[52,20074,156],{"class":155},[52,20076,35],{"class":66},[52,20078,19887],{"class":155},[52,20080,152],{"class":66},[52,20082,81],{"class":73},[52,20084,327],{"class":77},[52,20086,81],{"class":73},[52,20088,5758],{"class":66},[52,20090,20091],{"class":1017},"    # None\n",[14,20093,20094],{},"In this example:",[227,20096,20097,20102],{},[230,20098,20099,20101],{},[49,20100,308],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[230,20103,20104,20107,20108,2795,20110],{},[49,20105,20106],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[49,20109,2291],{},[49,20111,4175],{},[14,20113,13376,20114,35],{},[26,20115,29],{"href":28},[37,20117,2553],{"id":2552},[14,20119,20120,20121,84],{},"There are two common forms of ",[49,20122,2291],{},[42,20124,20126],{"className":44,"code":20125,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[49,20127,20128,20142],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20129,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20131,688],{"class":58},[52,20133,35],{"class":66},[52,20135,19887],{"class":155},[52,20137,152],{"class":66},[52,20139,257],{"class":155},[52,20141,159],{"class":66},[52,20143,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20159],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20145,688],{"class":58},[52,20147,35],{"class":66},[52,20149,19887],{"class":155},[52,20151,152],{"class":66},[52,20153,257],{"class":155},[52,20155,193],{"class":66},[52,20157,20158],{"class":155}," default_value",[52,20160,159],{"class":66},[14,20162,20163],{},"What each part means:",[227,20165,20166,20171,20177],{},[230,20167,20168,20170],{},[49,20169,257],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[230,20172,20173,20176],{},[49,20174,20175],{},"default_value"," is optional",[230,20178,20179,20180],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[49,20181,4175],{},[14,20183,511],{},[42,20185,20187],{"className":44,"code":20186,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[49,20188,20189,20213,20217,20242,20268],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20190,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20192,14181],{"class":58},[52,20194,63],{"class":62},[52,20196,1799],{"class":66},[52,20198,81],{"class":73},[52,20200,12852],{"class":77},[52,20202,81],{"class":73},[52,20204,84],{"class":66},[52,20206,87],{"class":73},[52,20208,12861],{"class":77},[52,20210,81],{"class":73},[52,20212,135],{"class":66},[52,20214,20215],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20216,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20218,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20220,149],{"class":148},[52,20222,152],{"class":66},[52,20224,1617],{"class":155},[52,20226,35],{"class":66},[52,20228,19887],{"class":155},[52,20230,152],{"class":66},[52,20232,81],{"class":73},[52,20234,12852],{"class":77},[52,20236,81],{"class":73},[52,20238,5758],{"class":66},[52,20240,20241],{"class":1017},"            # dark\n",[52,20243,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20261,20263,20265],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,20245,149],{"class":148},[52,20247,152],{"class":66},[52,20249,1617],{"class":155},[52,20251,35],{"class":66},[52,20253,19887],{"class":155},[52,20255,152],{"class":66},[52,20257,81],{"class":73},[52,20259,20260],{"class":77},"language",[52,20262,81],{"class":73},[52,20264,5758],{"class":66},[52,20266,20267],{"class":1017},"         # None\n",[52,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20295,20297,20299],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,20271,149],{"class":148},[52,20273,152],{"class":66},[52,20275,1617],{"class":155},[52,20277,35],{"class":66},[52,20279,19887],{"class":155},[52,20281,152],{"class":66},[52,20283,81],{"class":73},[52,20285,20260],{"class":77},[52,20287,81],{"class":73},[52,20289,193],{"class":66},[52,20291,87],{"class":73},[52,20293,20294],{"class":77},"en",[52,20296,81],{"class":73},[52,20298,5758],{"class":66},[52,20300,20301],{"class":1017},"   # en\n",[37,20303,5358,20305],{"id":20304},"when-to-use-get",[49,20306,2291],{},[14,20308,340,20309,10970],{},[49,20310,2291],{},[227,20312,20313,20316,20321,20324],{},[230,20314,20315],{},"A key might not exist",[230,20317,20318,20319],{},"You want to avoid ",[49,20320,19824],{},[230,20322,20323],{},"You are reading optional data",[230,20325,20326],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20328,20329],{},"Example with optional user data:",[42,20331,20333],{"className":44,"code":20332,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[49,20334,20335,20377,20381,20406,20432],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20336,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20373,20375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20338,961],{"class":58},[52,20340,63],{"class":62},[52,20342,1799],{"class":66},[52,20344,81],{"class":73},[52,20346,1645],{"class":77},[52,20348,81],{"class":73},[52,20350,84],{"class":66},[52,20352,87],{"class":73},[52,20354,20355],{"class":77},"sam",[52,20357,81],{"class":73},[52,20359,193],{"class":66},[52,20361,87],{"class":73},[52,20363,327],{"class":77},[52,20365,81],{"class":73},[52,20367,84],{"class":66},[52,20369,87],{"class":73},[52,20371,20372],{"class":77},"sam@example.com",[52,20374,81],{"class":73},[52,20376,135],{"class":66},[52,20378,20379],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20380,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20382,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20384,149],{"class":148},[52,20386,152],{"class":66},[52,20388,998],{"class":155},[52,20390,35],{"class":66},[52,20392,19887],{"class":155},[52,20394,152],{"class":66},[52,20396,81],{"class":73},[52,20398,1645],{"class":77},[52,20400,81],{"class":73},[52,20402,5758],{"class":66},[52,20404,20405],{"class":1017},"              # sam\n",[52,20407,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20425,20427,20429],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,20409,149],{"class":148},[52,20411,152],{"class":66},[52,20413,998],{"class":155},[52,20415,35],{"class":66},[52,20417,19887],{"class":155},[52,20419,152],{"class":66},[52,20421,81],{"class":73},[52,20423,20424],{"class":77},"phone",[52,20426,81],{"class":73},[52,20428,5758],{"class":66},[52,20430,20431],{"class":1017},"                 # None\n",[52,20433,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20459,20461,20463],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,20435,149],{"class":148},[52,20437,152],{"class":66},[52,20439,998],{"class":155},[52,20441,35],{"class":66},[52,20443,19887],{"class":155},[52,20445,152],{"class":66},[52,20447,81],{"class":73},[52,20449,20424],{"class":77},[52,20451,81],{"class":73},[52,20453,193],{"class":66},[52,20455,87],{"class":73},[52,20457,20458],{"class":77},"Not provided",[52,20460,81],{"class":73},[52,20462,5758],{"class":66},[52,20464,20465],{"class":1017}," # Not provided\n",[14,20467,20468],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20470,20471,20472,35],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[26,20473,1725],{"href":1724},[37,20475,20477,20479],{"id":20476},"get-vs-square-brackets",[49,20478,2291],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20481,20482],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[42,20484,20486],{"className":44,"code":20485,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[49,20487,20488,20502],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20489,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20491,630],{"class":58},[52,20493,1709],{"class":66},[52,20495,81],{"class":73},[52,20497,257],{"class":77},[52,20499,81],{"class":73},[52,20501,4030],{"class":66},[52,20503,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20505,630],{"class":58},[52,20507,35],{"class":66},[52,20509,19887],{"class":155},[52,20511,152],{"class":66},[52,20513,81],{"class":73},[52,20515,257],{"class":77},[52,20517,81],{"class":73},[52,20519,159],{"class":66},[14,20521,20522],{},"The difference is important.",[487,20524,20526],{"id":20525},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20528,20529,20530,35],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[49,20531,19824],{},[42,20533,20535],{"className":44,"code":20534,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[49,20536,20537,20561,20565,20587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20538,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20540,616],{"class":58},[52,20542,63],{"class":62},[52,20544,1799],{"class":66},[52,20546,81],{"class":73},[52,20548,78],{"class":77},[52,20550,81],{"class":73},[52,20552,84],{"class":66},[52,20554,87],{"class":73},[52,20556,90],{"class":77},[52,20558,81],{"class":73},[52,20560,135],{"class":66},[52,20562,20563],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20564,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20566,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20584],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20568,149],{"class":148},[52,20570,152],{"class":66},[52,20572,630],{"class":155},[52,20574,1709],{"class":66},[52,20576,81],{"class":73},[52,20578,78],{"class":77},[52,20580,81],{"class":73},[52,20582,20583],{"class":66},"])",[52,20585,20586],{"class":1017},"   # Ana\n",[52,20588,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,20590,149],{"class":148},[52,20592,152],{"class":66},[52,20594,630],{"class":155},[52,20596,1709],{"class":66},[52,20598,81],{"class":73},[52,20600,1137],{"class":77},[52,20602,81],{"class":73},[52,20604,20583],{"class":66},[52,20606,20607],{"class":1017},"   # KeyError\n",[487,20609,20610],{"id":19887},[49,20611,2291],{},[14,20613,20614,20616],{},[49,20615,2291],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[42,20618,20620],{"className":44,"code":20619,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[49,20621,20622,20646,20650,20674],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20623,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20625,616],{"class":58},[52,20627,63],{"class":62},[52,20629,1799],{"class":66},[52,20631,81],{"class":73},[52,20633,78],{"class":77},[52,20635,81],{"class":73},[52,20637,84],{"class":66},[52,20639,87],{"class":73},[52,20641,90],{"class":77},[52,20643,81],{"class":73},[52,20645,135],{"class":66},[52,20647,20648],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20649,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20651,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20653,149],{"class":148},[52,20655,152],{"class":66},[52,20657,630],{"class":155},[52,20659,35],{"class":66},[52,20661,19887],{"class":155},[52,20663,152],{"class":66},[52,20665,81],{"class":73},[52,20667,78],{"class":77},[52,20669,81],{"class":73},[52,20671,5758],{"class":66},[52,20673,20586],{"class":1017},[52,20675,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,20677,149],{"class":148},[52,20679,152],{"class":66},[52,20681,630],{"class":155},[52,20683,35],{"class":66},[52,20685,19887],{"class":155},[52,20687,152],{"class":66},[52,20689,81],{"class":73},[52,20691,1137],{"class":77},[52,20693,81],{"class":73},[52,20695,5758],{"class":66},[52,20697,20698],{"class":1017},"   # None\n",[14,20700,18831],{},[227,20702,20703,20709],{},[230,20704,20705,20706],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[18,20707,20708],{},"must exist",[230,20710,20711,20713,20714],{},[49,20712,2291],{}," when the key is ",[18,20715,20716],{},"optional",[14,20718,20719,20720,35],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[26,20721,2310],{"href":2309},[37,20723,20725],{"id":20724},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20727,20728,20729,20731],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[49,20730,2291],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[42,20733,20735],{"className":44,"code":20734,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[49,20736,20737,20762,20766],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20738,20739,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20740,20741],{"class":58},"profile ",[52,20743,63],{"class":62},[52,20745,1799],{"class":66},[52,20747,81],{"class":73},[52,20749,78],{"class":77},[52,20751,81],{"class":73},[52,20753,84],{"class":66},[52,20755,87],{"class":73},[52,20757,8316],{"class":77},[52,20759,81],{"class":73},[52,20761,135],{"class":66},[52,20763,20764],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20765,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20767,20768,20770,20772,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20794,20796,20798],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20769,149],{"class":148},[52,20771,152],{"class":66},[52,20773,20774],{"class":155},"profile",[52,20776,35],{"class":66},[52,20778,19887],{"class":155},[52,20780,152],{"class":66},[52,20782,81],{"class":73},[52,20784,330],{"class":77},[52,20786,81],{"class":73},[52,20788,193],{"class":66},[52,20790,87],{"class":73},[52,20792,20793],{"class":77},"Unknown",[52,20795,81],{"class":73},[52,20797,5758],{"class":66},[52,20799,20800],{"class":1017},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20802,20803],{},"This is useful for display text:",[227,20805,20806,20811,20816],{},[230,20807,20808],{},[49,20809,20810],{},"\"Unknown\"",[230,20812,20813],{},[49,20814,20815],{},"\"Not set\"",[230,20817,20818],{},[49,20819,20820],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20822,20823],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[42,20825,20827],{"className":44,"code":20826,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[49,20828,20829,20861,20865,20892],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20830,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20832,1441],{"class":58},[52,20834,63],{"class":62},[52,20836,1799],{"class":66},[52,20838,81],{"class":73},[52,20840,18553],{"class":77},[52,20842,81],{"class":73},[52,20844,84],{"class":66},[52,20846,6403],{"class":110},[52,20848,193],{"class":66},[52,20850,87],{"class":73},[52,20852,18562],{"class":77},[52,20854,81],{"class":73},[52,20856,84],{"class":66},[52,20858,6758],{"class":110},[52,20860,135],{"class":66},[52,20862,20863],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20864,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20866,20867,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20868,20869],{"class":58},"total_history ",[52,20871,63],{"class":62},[52,20873,5507],{"class":58},[52,20875,35],{"class":66},[52,20877,19887],{"class":155},[52,20879,152],{"class":66},[52,20881,81],{"class":73},[52,20883,18571],{"class":77},[52,20885,81],{"class":73},[52,20887,193],{"class":66},[52,20889,4229],{"class":110},[52,20891,159],{"class":66},[52,20893,20894,20896,20898,20901,20903],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,20895,149],{"class":148},[52,20897,152],{"class":66},[52,20899,20900],{"class":155},"total_history",[52,20902,4056],{"class":66},[52,20904,20905],{"class":1017},"   # 0\n",[14,20907,20908,20909,20911],{},"Here, ",[49,20910,2514],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20913,20914],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[227,20916,20917,20920,20925,20930],{},[230,20918,20919],{},"Use a string for text",[230,20921,340,20922,20924],{},[49,20923,2514],{}," for numbers",[230,20926,340,20927,20929],{},[49,20928,4184],{}," for lists if needed",[230,20931,340,20932,20934],{},[49,20933,343],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[37,20936,20938],{"id":20937},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20940,20941,20942,35],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[49,20943,2291],{},[487,20945,20947,20949],{"id":20946},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[49,20948,2291],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20951,20952,20953,20955],{},"This code does ",[18,20954,1006],{}," create a new key:",[42,20957,20959],{"className":44,"code":20958,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[49,20960,20961,20985,20989,21014],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,20962,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20964,13560],{"class":58},[52,20966,63],{"class":62},[52,20968,1799],{"class":66},[52,20970,81],{"class":73},[52,20972,78],{"class":77},[52,20974,81],{"class":73},[52,20976,84],{"class":66},[52,20978,87],{"class":73},[52,20980,90],{"class":77},[52,20982,81],{"class":73},[52,20984,135],{"class":66},[52,20986,20987],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,20988,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,20990,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,20992,149],{"class":148},[52,20994,152],{"class":66},[52,20996,17442],{"class":155},[52,20998,35],{"class":66},[52,21000,19887],{"class":155},[52,21002,152],{"class":66},[52,21004,81],{"class":73},[52,21006,1137],{"class":77},[52,21008,81],{"class":73},[52,21010,5758],{"class":66},[52,21012,21013],{"class":1017},"  # None\n",[52,21015,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,21017,149],{"class":148},[52,21019,152],{"class":66},[52,21021,17442],{"class":155},[52,21023,4056],{"class":66},[52,21025,21026],{"class":1017},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21028,21029],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[487,21031,21033,21035],{"id":21032},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[49,21034,2291],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21037,21038],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[42,21040,21042],{"className":44,"code":21041,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[49,21043,21044,21070,21074,21100],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21045,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21057,21059,21061,21063,21066,21068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21047,14181],{"class":58},[52,21049,63],{"class":62},[52,21051,1799],{"class":66},[52,21053,81],{"class":73},[52,21055,21056],{"class":77},"mode",[52,21058,81],{"class":73},[52,21060,84],{"class":66},[52,21062,87],{"class":73},[52,21064,21065],{"class":77},"light",[52,21067,81],{"class":73},[52,21069,135],{"class":66},[52,21071,21072],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21073,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21077,1617],{"class":58},[52,21079,35],{"class":66},[52,21081,19887],{"class":155},[52,21083,152],{"class":66},[52,21085,81],{"class":73},[52,21087,12852],{"class":77},[52,21089,81],{"class":73},[52,21091,193],{"class":66},[52,21093,87],{"class":73},[52,21095,12861],{"class":77},[52,21097,81],{"class":73},[52,21099,159],{"class":66},[52,21101,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,21103,149],{"class":148},[52,21105,152],{"class":66},[52,21107,1617],{"class":155},[52,21109,4056],{"class":66},[52,21111,21112],{"class":1017},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21114,21115,21116,21119],{},"Even though ",[49,21117,21118],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[487,21121,21123,21124],{"id":21122},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[49,21125,4175],{},[14,21127,21128,21129,2795,21131,21133],{},"Sometimes ",[49,21130,2291],{},[49,21132,4175],{}," because:",[227,21135,21136,21139],{},[230,21137,21138],{},"The key is missing, or",[230,21140,21141,21142],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[49,21143,4175],{},[14,21145,511],{},[42,21147,21149],{"className":44,"code":21148,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[49,21150,21151,21188,21192,21216],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21152,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21180,21182,21184,21186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21154,616],{"class":58},[52,21156,63],{"class":62},[52,21158,1799],{"class":66},[52,21160,81],{"class":73},[52,21162,78],{"class":77},[52,21164,81],{"class":73},[52,21166,84],{"class":66},[52,21168,87],{"class":73},[52,21170,90],{"class":77},[52,21172,81],{"class":73},[52,21174,193],{"class":66},[52,21176,87],{"class":73},[52,21178,21179],{"class":77},"nickname",[52,21181,81],{"class":73},[52,21183,84],{"class":66},[52,21185,4248],{"class":128},[52,21187,135],{"class":66},[52,21189,21190],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21191,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,21193,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21195,149],{"class":148},[52,21197,152],{"class":66},[52,21199,630],{"class":155},[52,21201,35],{"class":66},[52,21203,19887],{"class":155},[52,21205,152],{"class":66},[52,21207,81],{"class":73},[52,21209,21179],{"class":77},[52,21211,81],{"class":73},[52,21213,5758],{"class":66},[52,21215,21013],{"class":1017},[52,21217,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,21219,149],{"class":148},[52,21221,152],{"class":66},[52,21223,630],{"class":155},[52,21225,35],{"class":66},[52,21227,19887],{"class":155},[52,21229,152],{"class":66},[52,21231,81],{"class":73},[52,21233,1137],{"class":77},[52,21235,81],{"class":73},[52,21237,5758],{"class":66},[52,21239,21240],{"class":1017},"      # None\n",[14,21242,21243,21244,21246],{},"Both lines print ",[49,21245,4175],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21248,21249,21250,84],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[49,21251,4279],{},[42,21253,21255],{"className":44,"code":21254,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[49,21256,21257,21293,21297,21318],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21258,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21260,616],{"class":58},[52,21262,63],{"class":62},[52,21264,1799],{"class":66},[52,21266,81],{"class":73},[52,21268,78],{"class":77},[52,21270,81],{"class":73},[52,21272,84],{"class":66},[52,21274,87],{"class":73},[52,21276,90],{"class":77},[52,21278,81],{"class":73},[52,21280,193],{"class":66},[52,21282,87],{"class":73},[52,21284,21179],{"class":77},[52,21286,81],{"class":73},[52,21288,84],{"class":66},[52,21290,4248],{"class":128},[52,21292,135],{"class":66},[52,21294,21295],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21296,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,21298,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21312,21314,21316],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21300,149],{"class":148},[52,21302,152],{"class":66},[52,21304,81],{"class":73},[52,21306,21179],{"class":77},[52,21308,81],{"class":73},[52,21310,21311],{"class":4272}," in",[52,21313,14921],{"class":155},[52,21315,4056],{"class":66},[52,21317,4059],{"class":1017},[52,21319,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,21321,149],{"class":148},[52,21323,152],{"class":66},[52,21325,81],{"class":73},[52,21327,1137],{"class":77},[52,21329,81],{"class":73},[52,21331,21311],{"class":4272},[52,21333,14921],{"class":155},[52,21335,4056],{"class":66},[52,21337,21338],{"class":1017},"      # False\n",[14,21340,21341,21342,35],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[26,21343,21344],{"href":2303},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[37,21346,1743],{"id":1742},[14,21348,21349,21350,84],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[49,21351,2291],{},[227,21353,21354,21359,21366,21371],{},[230,21355,21356,21357],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[49,21358,19824],{},[230,21360,5100,21361,2795,21363,21365],{},[49,21362,2291],{},[49,21364,4175],{}," if no default is provided",[230,21367,4976,21368,21370],{},[49,21369,2291],{}," creates a key automatically",[230,21372,21373],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21375,21376],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[42,21378,21380],{"className":44,"code":21379,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[49,21381,21382,21392,21406,21424,21446],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21383,21384,21386,21388,21390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21385,149],{"class":148},[52,21387,152],{"class":66},[52,21389,739],{"class":155},[52,21391,159],{"class":66},[52,21393,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21395,149],{"class":148},[52,21397,152],{"class":66},[52,21399,739],{"class":155},[52,21401,35],{"class":66},[52,21403,2055],{"class":155},[52,21405,2058],{"class":66},[52,21407,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21409,149],{"class":148},[52,21411,152],{"class":66},[52,21413,177],{"class":73},[52,21415,78],{"class":77},[52,21417,177],{"class":73},[52,21419,21311],{"class":4272},[52,21421,12123],{"class":155},[52,21423,159],{"class":66},[52,21425,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,21427,149],{"class":148},[52,21429,152],{"class":66},[52,21431,739],{"class":155},[52,21433,35],{"class":66},[52,21435,19887],{"class":155},[52,21437,152],{"class":66},[52,21439,177],{"class":73},[52,21441,78],{"class":77},[52,21443,177],{"class":73},[52,21445,742],{"class":66},[52,21447,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,21449,149],{"class":148},[52,21451,152],{"class":66},[52,21453,734],{"class":646},[52,21455,152],{"class":66},[52,21457,739],{"class":155},[52,21459,35],{"class":66},[52,21461,19887],{"class":155},[52,21463,152],{"class":66},[52,21465,177],{"class":73},[52,21467,78],{"class":77},[52,21469,177],{"class":73},[52,21471,1291],{"class":66},[14,21473,21474],{},"What these checks tell you:",[227,21476,21477,21482,21488,21494,21500],{},[230,21478,21479,21481],{},[49,21480,13036],{}," shows the full dictionary",[230,21483,21484,21487],{},[49,21485,21486],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[230,21489,21490,21493],{},[49,21491,21492],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[230,21495,21496,21499],{},[49,21497,21498],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[230,21501,21502,21505],{},[49,21503,21504],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21507,21508,21509,2262,21514,21518],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[26,21510,21511,21512,2292],{"href":2198},"the dictionary ",[49,21513,2202],{},[26,21515,21511,21516,2292],{"href":2213},[49,21517,2216],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[37,21520,2220],{"id":2219},[487,21522,13061,21524,21526,21527,2265],{"id":21523},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[49,21525,2291],{}," raise ",[49,21528,19824],{},[14,21530,21531,21532,21534],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[49,21533,4175],{}," or the default value you provide.",[487,21536,13061,21538,21540],{"id":21537},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[49,21539,2291],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21542,21543],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[487,21545,21547,21548,2265],{"id":21546},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[49,21549,2291],{},[14,21551,21552,21554],{},[49,21553,4175],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[487,21556,21558,21559,21561],{"id":21557},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[49,21560,2291],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21563,340,21564,21566],{},[49,21565,2291],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[37,21568,2277],{"id":2276},[227,21570,21571,21575,21581,21587,21591,21596],{},[230,21572,21573],{},[26,21574,29],{"href":28},[230,21576,21577],{},[26,21578,2199,21579,2292],{"href":2198},[49,21580,2202],{},[230,21582,21583],{},[26,21584,2199,21585,2292],{"href":2213},[49,21586,2216],{},[230,21588,21589],{},[26,21590,2304],{"href":2303},[230,21592,21593],{},[26,21594,21595],{"href":1724},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[230,21597,21598],{},[26,21599,2310],{"href":2309},[2315,21601,21602],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21613,21614],{"id":20525,"depth":98,"text":20526},{"id":19887,"depth":98,"text":2291},{"id":20724,"depth":70,"text":20725},{"id":20937,"depth":70,"text":20938,"children":21617},[21618,21620,21622],{"id":20946,"depth":98,"text":21619},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21032,"depth":98,"text":21621},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21122,"depth":98,"text":21623},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":21626},[21627,21629,21631,21633],{"id":21523,"depth":98,"text":21628},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21537,"depth":98,"text":21630},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21546,"depth":98,"text":21632},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21557,"depth":98,"text":21634},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19805,"description":21636},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21643,"title":21644,"body":21645,"description":24202,"extension":2357,"meta":24203,"navigation":141,"path":24204,"seo":24205,"stem":24206,"__hash__":24207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21646,"toc":24168},[21647,21652,21658,21664,21666,21748,21752,21769,21774,21779,21784,21786,21800,21802,21865,21869,21909,21917,21919,21921,21936,21939,21952,21954,22033,22037,22103,22105,22109,22117,22119,22130,22132,22242,22246,22325,22331,22337,22342,22455,22459,22491,22494,22601,22607,22614,22618,22621,22724,22728,22789,22792,22795,22806,22815,22818,22835,22837,22936,22940,23015,23018,23041,23046,23051,23068,23070,23191,23195,23229,23231,23236,23243,23253,23255,23333,23336,23407,23417,23420,23452,23455,23494,23500,23507,23510,23601,23605,23686,23692,23695,23698,23803,23806,23809,23931,23935,23938,24005,24009,24046,24052,24054,24060,24065,24071,24078,24084,24087,24126,24132,24135,24137,24165],[10,21648,11680,21650,11684],{"id":21649},"python-dictionary-items-method",[49,21651,2216],{},[14,21653,2374,21654,21657],{},[49,21655,21656],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21659,21660,21661,21663],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[49,21662,2216],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[37,21665,40],{"id":39},[42,21667,21669],{"className":44,"code":21668,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[49,21670,21671,21707,21711,21734],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21672,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21674,13560],{"class":58},[52,21676,63],{"class":62},[52,21678,1799],{"class":66},[52,21680,81],{"class":73},[52,21682,78],{"class":77},[52,21684,81],{"class":73},[52,21686,84],{"class":66},[52,21688,87],{"class":73},[52,21690,90],{"class":77},[52,21692,81],{"class":73},[52,21694,193],{"class":66},[52,21696,87],{"class":73},[52,21698,103],{"class":77},[52,21700,81],{"class":73},[52,21702,84],{"class":66},[52,21704,9684],{"class":110},[52,21706,135],{"class":66},[52,21708,21709],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21710,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,21712,21713,21715,21718,21720,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21714,6356],{"class":4272},[52,21716,21717],{"class":58}," key",[52,21719,193],{"class":66},[52,21721,21722],{"class":58}," value ",[52,21724,4279],{"class":4272},[52,21726,13603],{"class":58},[52,21728,35],{"class":66},[52,21730,8204],{"class":155},[52,21732,21733],{"class":66},"():\n",[52,21735,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,21737,8463],{"class":148},[52,21739,152],{"class":66},[52,21741,257],{"class":155},[52,21743,193],{"class":66},[52,21745,8829],{"class":155},[52,21747,159],{"class":66},[14,21749,21750],{},[18,21751,164],{},[42,21753,21755],{"className":44,"code":21754,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[49,21756,21757,21762],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21758,21759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21760,21761],{"class":58},"name Ana\n",[52,21763,21764,21767],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21765,21766],{"class":58},"age ",[52,21768,3108],{"class":110},[14,21770,340,21771,21773],{},[49,21772,2216],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[37,21775,4073,21777,4076],{"id":21776},"what-items-does",[49,21778,2216],{},[14,21780,21781,21783],{},[49,21782,2216],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21785,11820],{},[227,21787,21788,21794,21797],{},[230,21789,21790,21791],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[49,21792,21793],{},"(key, value)",[230,21795,21796],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[230,21798,21799],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21801,511],{},[42,21803,21805],{"className":44,"code":21804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[49,21806,21807,21843,21847],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21808,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21810,13560],{"class":58},[52,21812,63],{"class":62},[52,21814,1799],{"class":66},[52,21816,81],{"class":73},[52,21818,78],{"class":77},[52,21820,81],{"class":73},[52,21822,84],{"class":66},[52,21824,87],{"class":73},[52,21826,90],{"class":77},[52,21828,81],{"class":73},[52,21830,193],{"class":66},[52,21832,87],{"class":73},[52,21834,103],{"class":77},[52,21836,81],{"class":73},[52,21838,84],{"class":66},[52,21840,9684],{"class":110},[52,21842,135],{"class":66},[52,21844,21845],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21846,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,21848,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21850,149],{"class":148},[52,21852,152],{"class":66},[52,21854,8488],{"class":646},[52,21856,152],{"class":66},[52,21858,17442],{"class":155},[52,21860,35],{"class":66},[52,21862,8204],{"class":155},[52,21864,6688],{"class":66},[14,21866,21867],{},[18,21868,164],{},[42,21870,21872],{"className":44,"code":21871,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[49,21873,21874],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21875,21876,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21877,21878],{"class":66},"[(",[52,21880,177],{"class":73},[52,21882,78],{"class":77},[52,21884,177],{"class":73},[52,21886,193],{"class":66},[52,21888,186],{"class":73},[52,21890,90],{"class":77},[52,21892,177],{"class":73},[52,21894,1115],{"class":66},[52,21896,1118],{"class":66},[52,21898,177],{"class":73},[52,21900,103],{"class":77},[52,21902,177],{"class":73},[52,21904,193],{"class":66},[52,21906,9684],{"class":110},[52,21908,1151],{"class":66},[14,21910,21911,21912,30,21914,35],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[26,21913,29],{"href":13379},[26,21915,34],{"href":21916},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[37,21918,2553],{"id":2552},[14,21920,5831],{},[42,21922,21924],{"className":44,"code":21923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict.items()\n",[49,21925,21926],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21927,21928,21930,21932,21934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21929,739],{"class":58},[52,21931,35],{"class":66},[52,21933,8204],{"class":155},[52,21935,650],{"class":66},[14,21937,21938],{},"Things to remember:",[227,21940,21941,21946,21949],{},[230,21942,21943,21945],{},[49,21944,2216],{}," does not take any arguments",[230,21947,21948],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[230,21950,21951],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21953,511],{},[42,21955,21957],{"className":44,"code":21956,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[49,21958,21959,21991,21995,22009,22013,22023],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,21960,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21962,1441],{"class":58},[52,21964,63],{"class":62},[52,21966,1799],{"class":66},[52,21968,81],{"class":73},[52,21970,5401],{"class":77},[52,21972,81],{"class":73},[52,21974,84],{"class":66},[52,21976,20035],{"class":110},[52,21978,193],{"class":66},[52,21980,87],{"class":73},[52,21982,5410],{"class":77},[52,21984,81],{"class":73},[52,21986,84],{"class":66},[52,21988,13863],{"class":110},[52,21990,135],{"class":66},[52,21992,21993],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,21994,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,21996,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,21998,2626],{"class":58},[52,22000,63],{"class":62},[52,22002,5507],{"class":58},[52,22004,35],{"class":66},[52,22006,8204],{"class":155},[52,22008,650],{"class":66},[52,22010,22011],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,22012,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22014,22015,22017,22019,22021],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,22016,149],{"class":148},[52,22018,152],{"class":66},[52,22020,2661],{"class":155},[52,22022,159],{"class":66},[52,22024,22025,22027,22029,22031],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22026,149],{"class":148},[52,22028,152],{"class":66},[52,22030,1508],{"class":155},[52,22032,159],{"class":66},[14,22034,22035],{},[18,22036,164],{},[42,22038,22040],{"className":44,"code":22039,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[49,22041,22042,22075],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22043,22044,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22045,22046],{"class":155},"dict_items",[52,22048,10029],{"class":66},[52,22050,177],{"class":73},[52,22052,5401],{"class":77},[52,22054,177],{"class":73},[52,22056,193],{"class":66},[52,22058,20035],{"class":110},[52,22060,1115],{"class":66},[52,22062,1118],{"class":66},[52,22064,177],{"class":73},[52,22066,5410],{"class":77},[52,22068,177],{"class":73},[52,22070,193],{"class":66},[52,22072,13863],{"class":110},[52,22074,11048],{"class":66},[52,22076,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22078,174],{"class":66},[52,22080,177],{"class":73},[52,22082,5401],{"class":77},[52,22084,177],{"class":73},[52,22086,84],{"class":66},[52,22088,20035],{"class":110},[52,22090,193],{"class":66},[52,22092,186],{"class":73},[52,22094,5410],{"class":77},[52,22096,177],{"class":73},[52,22098,84],{"class":66},[52,22100,13863],{"class":110},[52,22102,135],{"class":66},[14,22104,21029],{},[37,22106,22108],{"id":22107},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22110,22111,22113,22114,22116],{},[49,22112,2216],{}," returns a ",[49,22115,22046],{}," view object.",[14,22118,2501],{},[227,22120,22121,22124,22127],{},[230,22122,22123],{},"You can loop over it",[230,22125,22126],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[230,22128,22129],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22131,511],{},[42,22133,22135],{"className":44,"code":22134,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[49,22136,22137,22169,22183,22187,22201,22205,22224,22228],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22138,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22140,616],{"class":58},[52,22142,63],{"class":62},[52,22144,1799],{"class":66},[52,22146,81],{"class":73},[52,22148,2570],{"class":77},[52,22150,81],{"class":73},[52,22152,84],{"class":66},[52,22154,5895],{"class":110},[52,22156,193],{"class":66},[52,22158,87],{"class":73},[52,22160,12102],{"class":77},[52,22162,81],{"class":73},[52,22164,84],{"class":66},[52,22166,1570],{"class":110},[52,22168,135],{"class":66},[52,22170,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22172,1093],{"class":58},[52,22174,63],{"class":62},[52,22176,14921],{"class":58},[52,22178,35],{"class":66},[52,22180,8204],{"class":155},[52,22182,650],{"class":66},[52,22184,22185],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22186,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22188,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,22190,149],{"class":148},[52,22192,152],{"class":66},[52,22194,8488],{"class":646},[52,22196,152],{"class":66},[52,22198,1168],{"class":155},[52,22200,742],{"class":66},[52,22202,22203],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,22204,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22206,22207,22209,22211,22213,22216,22218,22220,22222],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,22208,630],{"class":58},[52,22210,1709],{"class":66},[52,22212,81],{"class":73},[52,22214,22215],{"class":77},"z",[52,22217,81],{"class":73},[52,22219,13629],{"class":66},[52,22221,13632],{"class":62},[52,22223,2976],{"class":110},[52,22225,22226],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,22227,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22229,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,22231,149],{"class":148},[52,22233,152],{"class":66},[52,22235,8488],{"class":646},[52,22237,152],{"class":66},[52,22239,1168],{"class":155},[52,22241,742],{"class":66},[14,22243,22244],{},[18,22245,164],{},[42,22247,22249],{"className":44,"code":22248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[49,22250,22251,22281],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22252,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22254,21878],{"class":66},[52,22256,177],{"class":73},[52,22258,2570],{"class":77},[52,22260,177],{"class":73},[52,22262,193],{"class":66},[52,22264,5895],{"class":110},[52,22266,1115],{"class":66},[52,22268,1118],{"class":66},[52,22270,177],{"class":73},[52,22272,12102],{"class":77},[52,22274,177],{"class":73},[52,22276,193],{"class":66},[52,22278,1570],{"class":110},[52,22280,1151],{"class":66},[52,22282,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22284,21878],{"class":66},[52,22286,177],{"class":73},[52,22288,2570],{"class":77},[52,22290,177],{"class":73},[52,22292,193],{"class":66},[52,22294,5895],{"class":110},[52,22296,1115],{"class":66},[52,22298,1118],{"class":66},[52,22300,177],{"class":73},[52,22302,12102],{"class":77},[52,22304,177],{"class":73},[52,22306,193],{"class":66},[52,22308,1570],{"class":110},[52,22310,1115],{"class":66},[52,22312,1118],{"class":66},[52,22314,177],{"class":73},[52,22316,22215],{"class":77},[52,22318,177],{"class":73},[52,22320,193],{"class":66},[52,22322,2850],{"class":110},[52,22324,1151],{"class":66},[14,22326,22327,22328,22330],{},"This happens because ",[49,22329,1168],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[37,22332,22334,22335],{"id":22333},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[49,22336,2216],{},[14,22338,22339,22340,84],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[49,22341,2216],{},[42,22343,22345],{"className":44,"code":22344,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[49,22346,22347,22400,22404,22424],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22348,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22350,59],{"class":58},[52,22352,63],{"class":62},[52,22354,1799],{"class":66},[52,22356,81],{"class":73},[52,22358,78],{"class":77},[52,22360,81],{"class":73},[52,22362,84],{"class":66},[52,22364,87],{"class":73},[52,22366,8316],{"class":77},[52,22368,81],{"class":73},[52,22370,193],{"class":66},[52,22372,87],{"class":73},[52,22374,20028],{"class":77},[52,22376,81],{"class":73},[52,22378,84],{"class":66},[52,22380,87],{"class":73},[52,22382,22383],{"class":77},"A",[52,22385,81],{"class":73},[52,22387,193],{"class":66},[52,22389,87],{"class":73},[52,22391,103],{"class":77},[52,22393,81],{"class":73},[52,22395,84],{"class":66},[52,22397,14213],{"class":110},[52,22399,135],{"class":66},[52,22401,22402],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22403,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22405,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22407,6356],{"class":4272},[52,22409,21717],{"class":58},[52,22411,193],{"class":66},[52,22413,21722],{"class":58},[52,22415,4279],{"class":4272},[52,22417,13262],{"class":58},[52,22419,35],{"class":66},[52,22421,8204],{"class":155},[52,22423,21733],{"class":66},[52,22425,22426,22428,22430,22433,22435,22437,22439,22442,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,22427,8463],{"class":148},[52,22429,152],{"class":66},[52,22431,22432],{"class":774},"f",[52,22434,81],{"class":77},[52,22436,174],{"class":110},[52,22438,257],{"class":155},[52,22440,22441],{"class":110},"}",[52,22443,22444],{"class":77},": ",[52,22446,174],{"class":110},[52,22448,263],{"class":155},[52,22450,22441],{"class":110},[52,22452,81],{"class":77},[52,22454,159],{"class":66},[14,22456,22457],{},[18,22458,164],{},[42,22460,22462],{"className":44,"code":22461,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[49,22463,22464,22473,22482],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22465,22466,22468,22470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22467,78],{"class":58},[52,22469,84],{"class":66},[52,22471,22472],{"class":58}," Mia\n",[52,22474,22475,22477,22479],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22476,20028],{"class":58},[52,22478,84],{"class":66},[52,22480,22481],{"class":58}," A\n",[52,22483,22484,22486,22488],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22485,103],{"class":58},[52,22487,84],{"class":66},[52,22489,22490],{"class":110}," 14\n",[14,22492,22493],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[42,22495,22497],{"className":44,"code":22496,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[49,22498,22499,22551,22555,22567],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22500,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22502,59],{"class":58},[52,22504,63],{"class":62},[52,22506,1799],{"class":66},[52,22508,81],{"class":73},[52,22510,78],{"class":77},[52,22512,81],{"class":73},[52,22514,84],{"class":66},[52,22516,87],{"class":73},[52,22518,8316],{"class":77},[52,22520,81],{"class":73},[52,22522,193],{"class":66},[52,22524,87],{"class":73},[52,22526,20028],{"class":77},[52,22528,81],{"class":73},[52,22530,84],{"class":66},[52,22532,87],{"class":73},[52,22534,22383],{"class":77},[52,22536,81],{"class":73},[52,22538,193],{"class":66},[52,22540,87],{"class":73},[52,22542,103],{"class":77},[52,22544,81],{"class":73},[52,22546,84],{"class":66},[52,22548,14213],{"class":110},[52,22550,135],{"class":66},[52,22552,22553],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22554,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22556,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22558,6356],{"class":4272},[52,22560,18345],{"class":58},[52,22562,4279],{"class":4272},[52,22564,13262],{"class":58},[52,22566,6792],{"class":66},[52,22568,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,22570,8463],{"class":148},[52,22572,152],{"class":66},[52,22574,22432],{"class":774},[52,22576,81],{"class":77},[52,22578,174],{"class":110},[52,22580,257],{"class":155},[52,22582,22441],{"class":110},[52,22584,22444],{"class":77},[52,22586,174],{"class":110},[52,22588,156],{"class":155},[52,22590,1709],{"class":66},[52,22592,257],{"class":155},[52,22594,13629],{"class":66},[52,22596,22441],{"class":110},[52,22598,81],{"class":77},[52,22600,159],{"class":66},[14,22602,6908,22603,22606],{},[49,22604,22605],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22608,22609,22610,35],{},"For a full guide, see ",[26,22611,22613],{"href":22612},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[37,22615,22617],{"id":22616},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22619,22620],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[42,22622,22624],{"className":44,"code":22623,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[49,22625,22626,22685,22689,22709,22713],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22627,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22663,22665,22667,22669,22672,22674,22676,22678,22681,22683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22629,13431],{"class":58},[52,22631,63],{"class":62},[52,22633,1799],{"class":66},[52,22635,81],{"class":73},[52,22637,4474],{"class":77},[52,22639,81],{"class":73},[52,22641,84],{"class":66},[52,22643,87],{"class":73},[52,22645,13448],{"class":77},[52,22647,81],{"class":73},[52,22649,193],{"class":66},[52,22651,87],{"class":73},[52,22653,4483],{"class":77},[52,22655,81],{"class":73},[52,22657,84],{"class":66},[52,22659,87],{"class":73},[52,22661,22662],{"class":77},"yellow",[52,22664,81],{"class":73},[52,22666,193],{"class":66},[52,22668,87],{"class":73},[52,22670,22671],{"class":77},"grape",[52,22673,81],{"class":73},[52,22675,84],{"class":66},[52,22677,87],{"class":73},[52,22679,22680],{"class":77},"purple",[52,22682,81],{"class":73},[52,22684,135],{"class":66},[52,22686,22687],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22688,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22690,22691,22694,22696,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22692,22693],{"class":58},"pairs_list ",[52,22695,63],{"class":62},[52,22697,22698],{"class":646}," list",[52,22700,152],{"class":66},[52,22702,17638],{"class":155},[52,22704,35],{"class":66},[52,22706,8204],{"class":155},[52,22708,2058],{"class":66},[52,22710,22711],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,22712,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22714,22715,22717,22719,22722],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,22716,149],{"class":148},[52,22718,152],{"class":66},[52,22720,22721],{"class":155},"pairs_list",[52,22723,159],{"class":66},[14,22725,22726],{},[18,22727,164],{},[42,22729,22731],{"className":44,"code":22730,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[49,22732,22733],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22734,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22736,21878],{"class":66},[52,22738,177],{"class":73},[52,22740,4474],{"class":77},[52,22742,177],{"class":73},[52,22744,193],{"class":66},[52,22746,186],{"class":73},[52,22748,13448],{"class":77},[52,22750,177],{"class":73},[52,22752,1115],{"class":66},[52,22754,1118],{"class":66},[52,22756,177],{"class":73},[52,22758,4483],{"class":77},[52,22760,177],{"class":73},[52,22762,193],{"class":66},[52,22764,186],{"class":73},[52,22766,22662],{"class":77},[52,22768,177],{"class":73},[52,22770,1115],{"class":66},[52,22772,1118],{"class":66},[52,22774,177],{"class":73},[52,22776,22671],{"class":77},[52,22778,177],{"class":73},[52,22780,193],{"class":66},[52,22782,186],{"class":73},[52,22784,22680],{"class":77},[52,22786,177],{"class":73},[52,22788,1151],{"class":66},[14,22790,22791],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22793,22794],{},"Use this when:",[227,22796,22797,22800,22803],{},[230,22798,22799],{},"You want clearer printed output",[230,22801,22802],{},"You need list behavior",[230,22804,22805],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[37,22807,22809,10954,22811,10954,22813],{"id":22808},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[49,22810,2216],{},[49,22812,2202],{},[49,22814,2209],{},[14,22816,22817],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[227,22819,22820,22825,22830],{},[230,22821,22822,22824],{},[49,22823,2216],{}," gives both key and value",[230,22826,22827,22829],{},[49,22828,2202],{}," gives only keys",[230,22831,22832,22834],{},[49,22833,2209],{}," gives only values",[14,22836,511],{},[42,22838,22840],{"className":44,"code":22839,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[49,22841,22842,22878,22882,22900,22918],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22843,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22845,13560],{"class":58},[52,22847,63],{"class":62},[52,22849,1799],{"class":66},[52,22851,81],{"class":73},[52,22853,78],{"class":77},[52,22855,81],{"class":73},[52,22857,84],{"class":66},[52,22859,87],{"class":73},[52,22861,90],{"class":77},[52,22863,81],{"class":73},[52,22865,193],{"class":66},[52,22867,87],{"class":73},[52,22869,103],{"class":77},[52,22871,81],{"class":73},[52,22873,84],{"class":66},[52,22875,9684],{"class":110},[52,22877,135],{"class":66},[52,22879,22880],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22881,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,22883,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22885,149],{"class":148},[52,22887,152],{"class":66},[52,22889,8488],{"class":646},[52,22891,152],{"class":66},[52,22893,17442],{"class":155},[52,22895,35],{"class":66},[52,22897,2055],{"class":155},[52,22899,6688],{"class":66},[52,22901,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,22903,149],{"class":148},[52,22905,152],{"class":66},[52,22907,8488],{"class":646},[52,22909,152],{"class":66},[52,22911,17442],{"class":155},[52,22913,35],{"class":66},[52,22915,2071],{"class":155},[52,22917,6688],{"class":66},[52,22919,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,22921,149],{"class":148},[52,22923,152],{"class":66},[52,22925,8488],{"class":646},[52,22927,152],{"class":66},[52,22929,17442],{"class":155},[52,22931,35],{"class":66},[52,22933,8204],{"class":155},[52,22935,6688],{"class":66},[14,22937,22938],{},[18,22939,164],{},[42,22941,22943],{"className":44,"code":22942,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[49,22944,22945,22965,22981],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,22946,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22948,1709],{"class":66},[52,22950,177],{"class":73},[52,22952,78],{"class":77},[52,22954,177],{"class":73},[52,22956,193],{"class":66},[52,22958,186],{"class":73},[52,22960,103],{"class":77},[52,22962,177],{"class":73},[52,22964,4030],{"class":66},[52,22966,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,22968,1709],{"class":66},[52,22970,177],{"class":73},[52,22972,90],{"class":77},[52,22974,177],{"class":73},[52,22976,193],{"class":66},[52,22978,9684],{"class":110},[52,22980,4030],{"class":66},[52,22982,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,22984,21878],{"class":66},[52,22986,177],{"class":73},[52,22988,78],{"class":77},[52,22990,177],{"class":73},[52,22992,193],{"class":66},[52,22994,186],{"class":73},[52,22996,90],{"class":77},[52,22998,177],{"class":73},[52,23000,1115],{"class":66},[52,23002,1118],{"class":66},[52,23004,177],{"class":73},[52,23006,103],{"class":77},[52,23008,177],{"class":73},[52,23010,193],{"class":66},[52,23012,9684],{"class":110},[52,23014,1151],{"class":66},[14,23016,23017],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[227,23019,23020,23028,23036],{},[230,23021,23022,23023],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[26,23024,23026],{"href":23025},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[49,23027,2202],{},[230,23029,23030,23031],{},"Need just values? Use ",[26,23032,23034],{"href":23033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[49,23035,2209],{},[230,23037,23038,23039],{},"Need both together? Use ",[49,23040,2216],{},[37,23042,5358,23044],{"id":23043},"when-to-use-items",[49,23045,2216],{},[14,23047,23048,23050],{},[49,23049,2216],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[227,23052,23053,23056,23059,23062,23065],{},[230,23054,23055],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[230,23057,23058],{},"Building formatted output",[230,23060,23061],{},"Looping through settings and values",[230,23063,23064],{},"Showing names with scores",[230,23066,23067],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23069,511],{},[42,23071,23073],{"className":44,"code":23072,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[49,23074,23075,23083,23101,23120,23132,23136,23140,23161],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23076,23077,23079,23081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23078,14181],{"class":58},[52,23080,63],{"class":62},[52,23082,67],{"class":66},[52,23084,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23086,74],{"class":73},[52,23088,12852],{"class":77},[52,23090,81],{"class":73},[52,23092,84],{"class":66},[52,23094,87],{"class":73},[52,23096,12861],{"class":77},[52,23098,81],{"class":73},[52,23100,95],{"class":66},[52,23102,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23116,23118],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23104,74],{"class":73},[52,23106,20260],{"class":77},[52,23108,81],{"class":73},[52,23110,84],{"class":66},[52,23112,87],{"class":73},[52,23114,23115],{"class":77},"English",[52,23117,81],{"class":73},[52,23119,95],{"class":66},[52,23121,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23123,74],{"class":73},[52,23125,18661],{"class":77},[52,23127,81],{"class":73},[52,23129,84],{"class":66},[52,23131,129],{"class":128},[52,23133,23134],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,23135,135],{"class":66},[52,23137,23138],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23139,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23141,23142,23144,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,23143,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23145,23146],{"class":58}," setting",[52,23148,193],{"class":66},[52,23150,21722],{"class":58},[52,23152,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23154,14225],{"class":58},[52,23156,35],{"class":66},[52,23158,8204],{"class":155},[52,23160,21733],{"class":66},[52,23162,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23176,23178,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,23164,8463],{"class":148},[52,23166,152],{"class":66},[52,23168,22432],{"class":774},[52,23170,81],{"class":77},[52,23172,174],{"class":110},[52,23174,23175],{"class":155},"setting",[52,23177,22441],{"class":110},[52,23179,23180],{"class":77}," = ",[52,23182,174],{"class":110},[52,23184,263],{"class":155},[52,23186,22441],{"class":110},[52,23188,81],{"class":77},[52,23190,159],{"class":66},[14,23192,23193],{},[18,23194,164],{},[42,23196,23198],{"className":44,"code":23197,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[49,23199,23200,23210,23220],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23201,23202,23205,23207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23203,23204],{"class":58},"theme ",[52,23206,63],{"class":62},[52,23208,23209],{"class":58}," dark\n",[52,23211,23212,23215,23217],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23213,23214],{"class":58},"language ",[52,23216,63],{"class":62},[52,23218,23219],{"class":58}," English\n",[52,23221,23222,23225,23227],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23223,23224],{"class":58},"notifications ",[52,23226,63],{"class":62},[52,23228,129],{"class":128},[37,23230,1743],{"id":1742},[14,23232,23233,23234,35],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[49,23235,2216],{},[487,23237,23239,23240,23242],{"id":23238},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[49,23241,2216],{}," incorrectly",[14,23244,23245,23246,23248,23249,23252],{},"Each result from ",[49,23247,2216],{}," has ",[18,23250,23251],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23254,951],{},[42,23256,23257],{"className":44,"code":21668,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,23258,23259,23295,23299,23319],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23260,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23262,13560],{"class":58},[52,23264,63],{"class":62},[52,23266,1799],{"class":66},[52,23268,81],{"class":73},[52,23270,78],{"class":77},[52,23272,81],{"class":73},[52,23274,84],{"class":66},[52,23276,87],{"class":73},[52,23278,90],{"class":77},[52,23280,81],{"class":73},[52,23282,193],{"class":66},[52,23284,87],{"class":73},[52,23286,103],{"class":77},[52,23288,81],{"class":73},[52,23290,84],{"class":66},[52,23292,9684],{"class":110},[52,23294,135],{"class":66},[52,23296,23297],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23298,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23300,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23302,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23304,21717],{"class":58},[52,23306,193],{"class":66},[52,23308,21722],{"class":58},[52,23310,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23312,13603],{"class":58},[52,23314,35],{"class":66},[52,23316,8204],{"class":155},[52,23318,21733],{"class":66},[52,23320,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23322,8463],{"class":148},[52,23324,152],{"class":66},[52,23326,257],{"class":155},[52,23328,193],{"class":66},[52,23330,8829],{"class":155},[52,23332,159],{"class":66},[14,23334,23335],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[42,23337,23339],{"className":44,"code":23338,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[49,23340,23341,23377,23381,23397],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23342,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23344,13560],{"class":58},[52,23346,63],{"class":62},[52,23348,1799],{"class":66},[52,23350,81],{"class":73},[52,23352,78],{"class":77},[52,23354,81],{"class":73},[52,23356,84],{"class":66},[52,23358,87],{"class":73},[52,23360,90],{"class":77},[52,23362,81],{"class":73},[52,23364,193],{"class":66},[52,23366,87],{"class":73},[52,23368,103],{"class":77},[52,23370,81],{"class":73},[52,23372,84],{"class":66},[52,23374,9684],{"class":110},[52,23376,135],{"class":66},[52,23378,23379],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23380,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23382,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23384,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23386,18345],{"class":58},[52,23388,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23390,13603],{"class":58},[52,23392,35],{"class":66},[52,23394,8204],{"class":155},[52,23396,21733],{"class":66},[52,23398,23399,23401,23403,23405],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23400,8463],{"class":148},[52,23402,152],{"class":66},[52,23404,257],{"class":155},[52,23406,159],{"class":66},[14,23408,23409,23410,23412,23413,23416],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[49,23411,257],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[49,23414,23415],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23418,23419],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[42,23421,23423],{"className":44,"code":23422,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[49,23424,23425,23441],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23426,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23428,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23430,6359],{"class":58},[52,23432,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23434,13603],{"class":58},[52,23436,35],{"class":66},[52,23438,8204],{"class":155},[52,23440,21733],{"class":66},[52,23442,23443,23445,23447,23450],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23444,8463],{"class":148},[52,23446,152],{"class":66},[52,23448,23449],{"class":155},"item",[52,23451,159],{"class":66},[14,23453,23454],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[42,23456,23458],{"className":44,"code":23457,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[49,23459,23460,23480],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23461,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23463,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23465,21717],{"class":58},[52,23467,193],{"class":66},[52,23469,21722],{"class":58},[52,23471,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23473,13603],{"class":58},[52,23475,35],{"class":66},[52,23477,8204],{"class":155},[52,23479,21733],{"class":66},[52,23481,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23483,8463],{"class":148},[52,23485,152],{"class":66},[52,23487,257],{"class":155},[52,23489,193],{"class":66},[52,23491,8829],{"class":155},[52,23493,159],{"class":66},[487,23495,8849,23497,23499],{"id":23496},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[49,23498,2216],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23501,23502,22113,23504,23506],{},[49,23503,2216],{},[49,23505,22046],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23508,23509],{},"Check it:",[42,23511,23513],{"className":44,"code":23512,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[49,23514,23515,23547,23551,23565,23583],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23516,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23518,705],{"class":58},[52,23520,63],{"class":62},[52,23522,1799],{"class":66},[52,23524,81],{"class":73},[52,23526,26],{"class":77},[52,23528,81],{"class":73},[52,23530,84],{"class":66},[52,23532,5895],{"class":110},[52,23534,193],{"class":66},[52,23536,87],{"class":73},[52,23538,5157],{"class":77},[52,23540,81],{"class":73},[52,23542,84],{"class":66},[52,23544,1570],{"class":110},[52,23546,135],{"class":66},[52,23548,23549],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23550,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23552,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23554,149],{"class":148},[52,23556,152],{"class":66},[52,23558,739],{"class":155},[52,23560,35],{"class":66},[52,23562,8204],{"class":155},[52,23564,2058],{"class":66},[52,23566,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23568,149],{"class":148},[52,23570,152],{"class":66},[52,23572,734],{"class":646},[52,23574,152],{"class":66},[52,23576,739],{"class":155},[52,23578,35],{"class":66},[52,23580,8204],{"class":155},[52,23582,6688],{"class":66},[52,23584,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,23586,149],{"class":148},[52,23588,152],{"class":66},[52,23590,8488],{"class":646},[52,23592,152],{"class":66},[52,23594,739],{"class":155},[52,23596,35],{"class":66},[52,23598,8204],{"class":155},[52,23600,6688],{"class":66},[14,23602,23603],{},[18,23604,164],{},[42,23606,23608],{"className":44,"code":23607,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[49,23609,23610,23642,23656],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23613,22046],{"class":155},[52,23615,10029],{"class":66},[52,23617,177],{"class":73},[52,23619,26],{"class":77},[52,23621,177],{"class":73},[52,23623,193],{"class":66},[52,23625,5895],{"class":110},[52,23627,1115],{"class":66},[52,23629,1118],{"class":66},[52,23631,177],{"class":73},[52,23633,5157],{"class":77},[52,23635,177],{"class":73},[52,23637,193],{"class":66},[52,23639,1570],{"class":110},[52,23641,11048],{"class":66},[52,23643,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23645,771],{"class":62},[52,23647,775],{"class":774},[52,23649,186],{"class":73},[52,23651,22046],{"class":77},[52,23653,177],{"class":73},[52,23655,785],{"class":62},[52,23657,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23659,21878],{"class":66},[52,23661,177],{"class":73},[52,23663,26],{"class":77},[52,23665,177],{"class":73},[52,23667,193],{"class":66},[52,23669,5895],{"class":110},[52,23671,1115],{"class":66},[52,23673,1118],{"class":66},[52,23675,177],{"class":73},[52,23677,5157],{"class":77},[52,23679,177],{"class":73},[52,23681,193],{"class":66},[52,23683,1570],{"class":110},[52,23685,1151],{"class":66},[487,23687,23689,23690],{"id":23688},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[49,23691,2216],{},[14,23693,23694],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23696,23697],{},"Problem example:",[42,23699,23701],{"className":44,"code":23700,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[49,23702,23703,23747,23751,23771,23783],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23704,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23706,4012],{"class":58},[52,23708,63],{"class":62},[52,23710,1799],{"class":66},[52,23712,81],{"class":73},[52,23714,26],{"class":77},[52,23716,81],{"class":73},[52,23718,84],{"class":66},[52,23720,5895],{"class":110},[52,23722,193],{"class":66},[52,23724,87],{"class":73},[52,23726,5157],{"class":77},[52,23728,81],{"class":73},[52,23730,84],{"class":66},[52,23732,1570],{"class":110},[52,23734,193],{"class":66},[52,23736,87],{"class":73},[52,23738,10111],{"class":77},[52,23740,81],{"class":73},[52,23742,84],{"class":66},[52,23744,2850],{"class":110},[52,23746,135],{"class":66},[52,23748,23749],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23750,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23752,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23754,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23756,21717],{"class":58},[52,23758,193],{"class":66},[52,23760,21722],{"class":58},[52,23762,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23764,4659],{"class":58},[52,23766,35],{"class":66},[52,23768,8204],{"class":155},[52,23770,21733],{"class":66},[52,23772,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23774,6797],{"class":4272},[52,23776,21722],{"class":58},[52,23778,5084],{"class":62},[52,23780,1570],{"class":110},[52,23782,6792],{"class":66},[52,23784,23785,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,23786,23787],{"class":58},"        numbers",[52,23789,1709],{"class":66},[52,23791,81],{"class":73},[52,23793,18904],{"class":77},[52,23795,81],{"class":73},[52,23797,13629],{"class":66},[52,23799,13632],{"class":62},[52,23801,23802],{"class":110}," 4\n",[14,23804,23805],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23807,23808],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[42,23810,23812],{"className":44,"code":23811,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,23813,23814,23858,23862,23887,23899,23917,23921],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23815,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23817,4012],{"class":58},[52,23819,63],{"class":62},[52,23821,1799],{"class":66},[52,23823,81],{"class":73},[52,23825,26],{"class":77},[52,23827,81],{"class":73},[52,23829,84],{"class":66},[52,23831,5895],{"class":110},[52,23833,193],{"class":66},[52,23835,87],{"class":73},[52,23837,5157],{"class":77},[52,23839,81],{"class":73},[52,23841,84],{"class":66},[52,23843,1570],{"class":110},[52,23845,193],{"class":66},[52,23847,87],{"class":73},[52,23849,10111],{"class":77},[52,23851,81],{"class":73},[52,23853,84],{"class":66},[52,23855,2850],{"class":110},[52,23857,135],{"class":66},[52,23859,23860],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23861,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23863,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23865,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23867,21717],{"class":58},[52,23869,193],{"class":66},[52,23871,21722],{"class":58},[52,23873,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23875,22698],{"class":646},[52,23877,152],{"class":66},[52,23879,1578],{"class":155},[52,23881,35],{"class":66},[52,23883,8204],{"class":155},[52,23885,23886],{"class":66},"()):\n",[52,23888,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23890,6797],{"class":4272},[52,23892,21722],{"class":58},[52,23894,5084],{"class":62},[52,23896,1570],{"class":110},[52,23898,6792],{"class":66},[52,23900,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,23902,23787],{"class":58},[52,23904,1709],{"class":66},[52,23906,81],{"class":73},[52,23908,18904],{"class":77},[52,23910,81],{"class":73},[52,23912,13629],{"class":66},[52,23914,13632],{"class":62},[52,23916,23802],{"class":110},[52,23918,23919],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,23920,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23922,23923,23925,23927,23929],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,23924,149],{"class":148},[52,23926,152],{"class":66},[52,23928,1578],{"class":155},[52,23930,159],{"class":66},[487,23932,23934],{"id":23933},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23936,23937],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[42,23939,23941],{"className":44,"code":23940,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[49,23942,23943,23975,23979,23995],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,23944,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23946,616],{"class":58},[52,23948,63],{"class":62},[52,23950,1799],{"class":66},[52,23952,81],{"class":73},[52,23954,2570],{"class":77},[52,23956,81],{"class":73},[52,23958,84],{"class":66},[52,23960,6403],{"class":110},[52,23962,193],{"class":66},[52,23964,87],{"class":73},[52,23966,12102],{"class":77},[52,23968,81],{"class":73},[52,23970,84],{"class":66},[52,23972,111],{"class":110},[52,23974,135],{"class":66},[52,23976,23977],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,23978,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,23980,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,23982,6356],{"class":4272},[52,23984,6359],{"class":58},[52,23986,4279],{"class":4272},[52,23988,14921],{"class":58},[52,23990,35],{"class":66},[52,23992,8204],{"class":155},[52,23994,21733],{"class":66},[52,23996,23997,23999,24001,24003],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,23998,8463],{"class":148},[52,24000,152],{"class":66},[52,24002,23449],{"class":155},[52,24004,159],{"class":66},[14,24006,24007],{},[18,24008,164],{},[42,24010,24012],{"className":44,"code":24011,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[49,24013,24014,24030],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24015,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24017,152],{"class":66},[52,24019,177],{"class":73},[52,24021,2570],{"class":77},[52,24023,177],{"class":73},[52,24025,193],{"class":66},[52,24027,6403],{"class":110},[52,24029,159],{"class":66},[52,24031,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24033,152],{"class":66},[52,24035,177],{"class":73},[52,24037,12102],{"class":77},[52,24039,177],{"class":73},[52,24041,193],{"class":66},[52,24043,111],{"class":110},[52,24045,159],{"class":66},[14,24047,24048,24049,24051],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[49,24050,21793],{}," pair.",[37,24053,2220],{"id":2219},[487,24055,24057,24058,5542],{"id":24056},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[49,24059,2216],{},[14,24061,17557,24062,24064],{},[49,24063,22046],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[487,24066,13061,24068,24070],{"id":24067},"does-items-return-a-list",[49,24069,2216],{}," return a list?",[14,24072,24073,24074,24077],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[49,24075,24076],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[487,24079,24081,24082,2265],{"id":24080},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[49,24083,2216],{},[14,24085,24086],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[42,24088,24090],{"className":44,"code":24089,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[49,24091,24092,24112],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24093,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24095,6356],{"class":4272},[52,24097,21717],{"class":58},[52,24099,193],{"class":66},[52,24101,21722],{"class":58},[52,24103,4279],{"class":4272},[52,24105,12123],{"class":58},[52,24107,35],{"class":66},[52,24109,8204],{"class":155},[52,24111,21733],{"class":66},[52,24113,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24115,8463],{"class":148},[52,24117,152],{"class":66},[52,24119,257],{"class":155},[52,24121,193],{"class":66},[52,24123,8829],{"class":155},[52,24125,159],{"class":66},[487,24127,13061,24129,24131],{"id":24128},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[49,24130,2216],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24133,24134],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[37,24136,2277],{"id":2276},[227,24138,24139,24145,24151,24156,24160],{},[230,24140,24141],{},[26,24142,2199,24143,2292],{"href":23025},[49,24144,2202],{},[230,24146,24147],{},[26,24148,2199,24149,2292],{"href":23033},[49,24150,2209],{},[230,24152,24153],{},[26,24154,24155],{"href":22612},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[230,24157,24158],{},[26,24159,29],{"href":13379},[230,24161,24162],{},[26,24163,24164],{"href":21916},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2315,24166,24167],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":24169},[24170,24171,24173,24174,24175,24177,24178,24180,24182,24191,24201],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":21776,"depth":70,"text":24172},"What items() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":22107,"depth":70,"text":22108},{"id":22333,"depth":70,"text":24176},"Looping with items()",{"id":22616,"depth":70,"text":22617},{"id":22808,"depth":70,"text":24179},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23043,"depth":70,"text":24181},"When to use items()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":24183},[24184,24186,24188,24190],{"id":23238,"depth":98,"text":24185},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23496,"depth":98,"text":24187},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23688,"depth":98,"text":24189},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23933,"depth":98,"text":23934},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":24192},[24193,24195,24197,24199],{"id":24056,"depth":98,"text":24194},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24067,"depth":98,"text":24196},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24080,"depth":98,"text":24198},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24128,"depth":98,"text":24200},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21644,"description":24202},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24209,"title":24210,"body":24211,"description":26302,"extension":2357,"meta":26303,"navigation":141,"path":23025,"seo":26304,"stem":26305,"__hash__":26306},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24212,"toc":26268},[24213,24218,24224,24227,24238,24245,24247,24330,24334,24381,24386,24391,24396,24398,24414,24416,24515,24519,24576,24579,24581,24584,24677,24681,24744,24747,24763,24768,24770,24772,24787,24789,24800,24802,24845,24848,24892,24895,24897,24904,24907,24924,24926,25019,25023,25064,25076,25080,25083,25171,25175,25195,25198,25225,25232,25237,25241,25252,25254,25358,25362,25388,25391,25458,25463,25466,25489,25494,25498,25503,25509,25514,25516,25571,25575,25602,25609,25615,25618,25643,25649,25675,25678,25753,25760,25765,25767,25806,25824,25828,25831,25874,25877,25879,25898,25900,25905,25930,25933,26003,26006,26079,26083,26085,26146,26149,26165,26167,26172,26177,26184,26193,26199,26205,26212,26218,26222,26227,26229,26265],[10,24214,11680,24216,11684],{"id":24215},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[49,24217,2202],{},[14,24219,24220,24221,24223],{},"The Python dictionary ",[49,24222,2202],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24225,24226],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[227,24228,24229,24232,24235],{},[230,24230,24231],{},"view the available keys",[230,24233,24234],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[230,24236,24237],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24239,24240,24242,24243,35],{},[49,24241,2202],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[49,24244,2149],{},[37,24246,40],{"id":39},[42,24248,24250],{"className":44,"code":24249,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[49,24251,24252,24288,24302,24306,24316],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24253,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24255,59],{"class":58},[52,24257,63],{"class":62},[52,24259,1799],{"class":66},[52,24261,81],{"class":73},[52,24263,78],{"class":77},[52,24265,81],{"class":73},[52,24267,84],{"class":66},[52,24269,87],{"class":73},[52,24271,90],{"class":77},[52,24273,81],{"class":73},[52,24275,193],{"class":66},[52,24277,87],{"class":73},[52,24279,103],{"class":77},[52,24281,81],{"class":73},[52,24283,84],{"class":66},[52,24285,111],{"class":110},[52,24287,135],{"class":66},[52,24289,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24291,17377],{"class":58},[52,24293,63],{"class":62},[52,24295,13262],{"class":58},[52,24297,35],{"class":66},[52,24299,2055],{"class":155},[52,24301,650],{"class":66},[52,24303,24304],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,24305,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,24307,24308,24310,24312,24314],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,24309,149],{"class":148},[52,24311,152],{"class":66},[52,24313,2055],{"class":155},[52,24315,159],{"class":66},[52,24317,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,24319,149],{"class":148},[52,24321,152],{"class":66},[52,24323,8488],{"class":646},[52,24325,152],{"class":66},[52,24327,2055],{"class":155},[52,24329,742],{"class":66},[14,24331,24332],{},[18,24333,164],{},[42,24335,24337],{"className":44,"code":24336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[49,24338,24339,24361],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24340,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24342,2149],{"class":155},[52,24344,2152],{"class":66},[52,24346,177],{"class":73},[52,24348,78],{"class":77},[52,24350,177],{"class":73},[52,24352,193],{"class":66},[52,24354,186],{"class":73},[52,24356,103],{"class":77},[52,24358,177],{"class":73},[52,24360,1718],{"class":66},[52,24362,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24364,1709],{"class":66},[52,24366,177],{"class":73},[52,24368,78],{"class":77},[52,24370,177],{"class":73},[52,24372,193],{"class":66},[52,24374,186],{"class":73},[52,24376,103],{"class":77},[52,24378,177],{"class":73},[52,24380,4030],{"class":66},[14,24382,340,24383,24385],{},[49,24384,2202],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[37,24387,4073,24389,4076],{"id":24388},"what-keys-does",[49,24390,2202],{},[14,24392,24393,24395],{},[49,24394,2202],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24397,11820],{},[227,24399,24400,24403,24406,24411],{},[230,24401,24402],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[230,24404,24405],{},"It does not need any arguments",[230,24407,17557,24408,24410],{},[49,24409,2149],{}," view object, not a list",[230,24412,24413],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24415,511],{},[42,24417,24419],{"className":44,"code":24418,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[49,24420,24421,24457,24461,24475,24479,24501],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24422,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24424,13560],{"class":58},[52,24426,63],{"class":62},[52,24428,1799],{"class":66},[52,24430,81],{"class":73},[52,24432,78],{"class":77},[52,24434,81],{"class":73},[52,24436,84],{"class":66},[52,24438,87],{"class":73},[52,24440,13577],{"class":77},[52,24442,81],{"class":73},[52,24444,193],{"class":66},[52,24446,87],{"class":73},[52,24448,103],{"class":77},[52,24450,81],{"class":73},[52,24452,84],{"class":66},[52,24454,9684],{"class":110},[52,24456,135],{"class":66},[52,24458,24459],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24460,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,24462,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,24464,149],{"class":148},[52,24466,152],{"class":66},[52,24468,17442],{"class":155},[52,24470,35],{"class":66},[52,24472,2055],{"class":155},[52,24474,2058],{"class":66},[52,24476,24477],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,24478,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,24480,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,24482,17442],{"class":58},[52,24484,1709],{"class":66},[52,24486,81],{"class":73},[52,24488,1137],{"class":77},[52,24490,81],{"class":73},[52,24492,13629],{"class":66},[52,24494,13632],{"class":62},[52,24496,87],{"class":73},[52,24498,10786],{"class":77},[52,24500,297],{"class":73},[52,24502,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,24504,149],{"class":148},[52,24506,152],{"class":66},[52,24508,17442],{"class":155},[52,24510,35],{"class":66},[52,24512,2055],{"class":155},[52,24514,2058],{"class":66},[14,24516,24517],{},[18,24518,164],{},[42,24520,24522],{"className":44,"code":24521,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[49,24523,24524,24546],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24525,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24527,2149],{"class":155},[52,24529,2152],{"class":66},[52,24531,177],{"class":73},[52,24533,78],{"class":77},[52,24535,177],{"class":73},[52,24537,193],{"class":66},[52,24539,186],{"class":73},[52,24541,103],{"class":77},[52,24543,177],{"class":73},[52,24545,1718],{"class":66},[52,24547,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24549,2149],{"class":155},[52,24551,2152],{"class":66},[52,24553,177],{"class":73},[52,24555,78],{"class":77},[52,24557,177],{"class":73},[52,24559,193],{"class":66},[52,24561,186],{"class":73},[52,24563,103],{"class":77},[52,24565,177],{"class":73},[52,24567,193],{"class":66},[52,24569,186],{"class":73},[52,24571,1137],{"class":77},[52,24573,177],{"class":73},[52,24575,1718],{"class":66},[14,24577,24578],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[37,24580,6185],{"id":6184},[14,24582,24583],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[42,24585,24587],{"className":44,"code":24586,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[49,24588,24589,24641,24645,24659],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24590,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24592,616],{"class":58},[52,24594,63],{"class":62},[52,24596,1799],{"class":66},[52,24598,81],{"class":73},[52,24600,78],{"class":77},[52,24602,81],{"class":73},[52,24604,84],{"class":66},[52,24606,87],{"class":73},[52,24608,90],{"class":77},[52,24610,81],{"class":73},[52,24612,193],{"class":66},[52,24614,87],{"class":73},[52,24616,103],{"class":77},[52,24618,81],{"class":73},[52,24620,84],{"class":66},[52,24622,111],{"class":110},[52,24624,193],{"class":66},[52,24626,87],{"class":73},[52,24628,20028],{"class":77},[52,24630,81],{"class":73},[52,24632,84],{"class":66},[52,24634,87],{"class":73},[52,24636,22383],{"class":77},[52,24638,81],{"class":73},[52,24640,135],{"class":66},[52,24642,24643],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24644,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,24646,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,24648,149],{"class":148},[52,24650,152],{"class":66},[52,24652,630],{"class":155},[52,24654,35],{"class":66},[52,24656,2055],{"class":155},[52,24658,2058],{"class":66},[52,24660,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,24662,149],{"class":148},[52,24664,152],{"class":66},[52,24666,8488],{"class":646},[52,24668,152],{"class":66},[52,24670,630],{"class":155},[52,24672,35],{"class":66},[52,24674,2055],{"class":155},[52,24676,6688],{"class":66},[14,24678,24679],{},[18,24680,164],{},[42,24682,24684],{"className":44,"code":24683,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[49,24685,24686,24716],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24687,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24689,2149],{"class":155},[52,24691,2152],{"class":66},[52,24693,177],{"class":73},[52,24695,78],{"class":77},[52,24697,177],{"class":73},[52,24699,193],{"class":66},[52,24701,186],{"class":73},[52,24703,103],{"class":77},[52,24705,177],{"class":73},[52,24707,193],{"class":66},[52,24709,186],{"class":73},[52,24711,20028],{"class":77},[52,24713,177],{"class":73},[52,24715,1718],{"class":66},[52,24717,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24719,1709],{"class":66},[52,24721,177],{"class":73},[52,24723,78],{"class":77},[52,24725,177],{"class":73},[52,24727,193],{"class":66},[52,24729,186],{"class":73},[52,24731,103],{"class":77},[52,24733,177],{"class":73},[52,24735,193],{"class":66},[52,24737,186],{"class":73},[52,24739,20028],{"class":77},[52,24741,177],{"class":73},[52,24743,4030],{"class":66},[14,24745,24746],{},"This shows two things:",[227,24748,24749,24757],{},[230,24750,24751,22113,24754,24756],{},[49,24752,24753],{},"data.keys()",[49,24755,2149],{}," object",[230,24758,24759,24762],{},[49,24760,24761],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24764,9545,24765,35],{},[26,24766,24767],{"href":9768},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[37,24769,5828],{"id":5827},[14,24771,2556],{},[42,24773,24775],{"className":44,"code":24774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict.keys()\n",[49,24776,24777],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24778,24779,24781,24783,24785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24780,739],{"class":58},[52,24782,35],{"class":66},[52,24784,2055],{"class":155},[52,24786,650],{"class":66},[14,24788,21938],{},[227,24790,24791,24794,24797],{},[230,24792,24793],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[230,24795,24796],{},"It takes no parameters",[230,24798,24799],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24801,1785],{},[42,24803,24805],{"className":44,"code":24804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[49,24806,24807,24831],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24808,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24810,59],{"class":58},[52,24812,63],{"class":62},[52,24814,1799],{"class":66},[52,24816,81],{"class":73},[52,24818,78],{"class":77},[52,24820,81],{"class":73},[52,24822,84],{"class":66},[52,24824,87],{"class":73},[52,24826,90],{"class":77},[52,24828,81],{"class":73},[52,24830,135],{"class":66},[52,24832,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24834,149],{"class":148},[52,24836,152],{"class":66},[52,24838,156],{"class":155},[52,24840,35],{"class":66},[52,24842,2055],{"class":155},[52,24844,2058],{"class":66},[14,24846,24847],{},"Incorrect:",[42,24849,24851],{"className":44,"code":24850,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[49,24852,24853,24877],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24854,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24856,59],{"class":58},[52,24858,63],{"class":62},[52,24860,1799],{"class":66},[52,24862,81],{"class":73},[52,24864,78],{"class":77},[52,24866,81],{"class":73},[52,24868,84],{"class":66},[52,24870,87],{"class":73},[52,24872,90],{"class":77},[52,24874,81],{"class":73},[52,24876,135],{"class":66},[52,24878,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24890],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24880,149],{"class":148},[52,24882,152],{"class":66},[52,24884,156],{"class":155},[52,24886,35],{"class":66},[52,24888,2055],{"class":24889},"skxfh",[52,24891,159],{"class":66},[14,24893,24894],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[37,24896,17554],{"id":17553},[14,24898,24899,22113,24901,24903],{},[49,24900,2202],{},[49,24902,2149],{}," object.",[14,24905,24906],{},"This object:",[227,24908,24909,24912,24915,24921],{},[230,24910,24911],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[230,24913,24914],{},"can be used in a loop",[230,24916,24917,24918],{},"can be converted with ",[49,24919,24920],{},"list()",[230,24922,24923],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24925,511],{},[42,24927,24929],{"className":44,"code":24928,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,24930,24931,24972,24976,24991,24995,25005],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,24932,24933,24936,24938,24940,24942,24945,24947,24949,24951,24954,24956,24958,24960,24963,24965,24967,24970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24934,24935],{"class":58},"car ",[52,24937,63],{"class":62},[52,24939,1799],{"class":66},[52,24941,81],{"class":73},[52,24943,24944],{"class":77},"brand",[52,24946,81],{"class":73},[52,24948,84],{"class":66},[52,24950,87],{"class":73},[52,24952,24953],{"class":77},"Toyota",[52,24955,81],{"class":73},[52,24957,193],{"class":66},[52,24959,87],{"class":73},[52,24961,24962],{"class":77},"year",[52,24964,81],{"class":73},[52,24966,84],{"class":66},[52,24968,24969],{"class":110}," 2020",[52,24971,135],{"class":66},[52,24973,24974],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,24975,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,24977,24978,24980,24982,24985,24987,24989],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,24979,2626],{"class":58},[52,24981,63],{"class":62},[52,24983,24984],{"class":58}," car",[52,24986,35],{"class":66},[52,24988,2055],{"class":155},[52,24990,650],{"class":66},[52,24992,24993],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,24994,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,24996,24997,24999,25001,25003],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,24998,149],{"class":148},[52,25000,152],{"class":66},[52,25002,2661],{"class":155},[52,25004,159],{"class":66},[52,25006,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,25008,149],{"class":148},[52,25010,152],{"class":66},[52,25012,734],{"class":646},[52,25014,152],{"class":66},[52,25016,2661],{"class":155},[52,25018,742],{"class":66},[14,25020,25021],{},[18,25022,164],{},[42,25024,25026],{"className":44,"code":25025,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[49,25027,25028,25050],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25029,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25031,2149],{"class":155},[52,25033,2152],{"class":66},[52,25035,177],{"class":73},[52,25037,24944],{"class":77},[52,25039,177],{"class":73},[52,25041,193],{"class":66},[52,25043,186],{"class":73},[52,25045,24962],{"class":77},[52,25047,177],{"class":73},[52,25049,1718],{"class":66},[52,25051,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25053,771],{"class":62},[52,25055,775],{"class":774},[52,25057,186],{"class":73},[52,25059,2149],{"class":77},[52,25061,177],{"class":73},[52,25063,785],{"class":62},[14,25065,25066,25067,25071,25072,35],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[26,25068,2199,25069,2292],{"href":2206},[49,25070,2209],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[26,25073,2199,25074,2292],{"href":2213},[49,25075,2216],{},[37,25077,25079],{"id":25078},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25081,25082],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[42,25084,25086],{"className":44,"code":25085,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[49,25087,25088,25141,25145,25161],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25089,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25137,25139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25091,59],{"class":58},[52,25093,63],{"class":62},[52,25095,1799],{"class":66},[52,25097,81],{"class":73},[52,25099,78],{"class":77},[52,25101,81],{"class":73},[52,25103,84],{"class":66},[52,25105,87],{"class":73},[52,25107,90],{"class":77},[52,25109,81],{"class":73},[52,25111,193],{"class":66},[52,25113,87],{"class":73},[52,25115,103],{"class":77},[52,25117,81],{"class":73},[52,25119,84],{"class":66},[52,25121,111],{"class":110},[52,25123,193],{"class":66},[52,25125,87],{"class":73},[52,25127,399],{"class":77},[52,25129,81],{"class":73},[52,25131,84],{"class":66},[52,25133,87],{"class":73},[52,25135,25136],{"class":77},"Math",[52,25138,81],{"class":73},[52,25140,135],{"class":66},[52,25142,25143],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25144,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,25146,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25148,6356],{"class":4272},[52,25150,18345],{"class":58},[52,25152,4279],{"class":4272},[52,25154,13262],{"class":58},[52,25156,35],{"class":66},[52,25158,2055],{"class":155},[52,25160,21733],{"class":66},[52,25162,25163,25165,25167,25169],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,25164,8463],{"class":148},[52,25166,152],{"class":66},[52,25168,257],{"class":155},[52,25170,159],{"class":66},[14,25172,25173],{},[18,25174,164],{},[42,25176,25178],{"className":44,"code":25177,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[49,25179,25180,25185,25190],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25181,25182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25183,25184],{"class":58},"name\n",[52,25186,25187],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25188,25189],{"class":58},"age\n",[52,25191,25192],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25193,25194],{"class":58},"course\n",[14,25196,25197],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[42,25199,25201],{"className":44,"code":25200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[49,25202,25203,25215],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25204,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25206,6356],{"class":4272},[52,25208,18345],{"class":58},[52,25210,4279],{"class":4272},[52,25212,13262],{"class":58},[52,25214,6792],{"class":66},[52,25216,25217,25219,25221,25223],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25218,8463],{"class":148},[52,25220,152],{"class":66},[52,25222,257],{"class":155},[52,25224,159],{"class":66},[14,25226,25227,25228,25231],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[49,25229,25230],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[37,25233,5358,25235],{"id":25234},"when-to-use-keys",[49,25236,2202],{},[14,25238,340,25239,10970],{},[49,25240,2202],{},[227,25242,25243,25246,25249],{},[230,25244,25245],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[230,25247,25248],{},"you want to display available fields",[230,25250,25251],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25253,511],{},[42,25255,25257],{"className":44,"code":25256,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[49,25258,25259,25312,25316,25331,25348],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25260,25261,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25281,25283,25285,25287,25290,25292,25294,25297,25299,25301,25304,25306,25308,25310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25262,25263],{"class":58},"product ",[52,25265,63],{"class":62},[52,25267,1799],{"class":66},[52,25269,81],{"class":73},[52,25271,78],{"class":77},[52,25273,81],{"class":73},[52,25275,84],{"class":66},[52,25277,87],{"class":73},[52,25279,25280],{"class":77},"Book",[52,25282,81],{"class":73},[52,25284,193],{"class":66},[52,25286,87],{"class":73},[52,25288,25289],{"class":77},"price",[52,25291,81],{"class":73},[52,25293,84],{"class":66},[52,25295,25296],{"class":110}," 12.99",[52,25298,193],{"class":66},[52,25300,87],{"class":73},[52,25302,25303],{"class":77},"stock",[52,25305,81],{"class":73},[52,25307,84],{"class":66},[52,25309,5002],{"class":110},[52,25311,135],{"class":66},[52,25313,25314],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25315,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,25317,25318,25320,25322,25324,25327,25329],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25319,149],{"class":148},[52,25321,152],{"class":66},[52,25323,81],{"class":73},[52,25325,25326],{"class":77},"Available fields:",[52,25328,81],{"class":73},[52,25330,159],{"class":66},[52,25332,25333,25335,25337,25339,25342,25344,25346],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,25334,6356],{"class":4272},[52,25336,18345],{"class":58},[52,25338,4279],{"class":4272},[52,25340,25341],{"class":58}," product",[52,25343,35],{"class":66},[52,25345,2055],{"class":155},[52,25347,21733],{"class":66},[52,25349,25350,25352,25354,25356],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,25351,8463],{"class":148},[52,25353,152],{"class":66},[52,25355,257],{"class":155},[52,25357,159],{"class":66},[14,25359,25360],{},[18,25361,164],{},[42,25363,25365],{"className":44,"code":25364,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[49,25366,25367,25374,25378,25383],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25368,25369,25372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25370,25371],{"class":58},"Available fields",[52,25373,6792],{"class":66},[52,25375,25376],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25377,25184],{"class":58},[52,25379,25380],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25381,25382],{"class":58},"price\n",[52,25384,25385],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,25386,25387],{"class":58},"stock\n",[14,25389,25390],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[42,25392,25394],{"className":44,"code":25393,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[49,25395,25396,25432,25436],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25397,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25399,25263],{"class":58},[52,25401,63],{"class":62},[52,25403,1799],{"class":66},[52,25405,81],{"class":73},[52,25407,78],{"class":77},[52,25409,81],{"class":73},[52,25411,84],{"class":66},[52,25413,87],{"class":73},[52,25415,25280],{"class":77},[52,25417,81],{"class":73},[52,25419,193],{"class":66},[52,25421,87],{"class":73},[52,25423,25289],{"class":77},[52,25425,81],{"class":73},[52,25427,84],{"class":66},[52,25429,25296],{"class":110},[52,25431,135],{"class":66},[52,25433,25434],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25435,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,25437,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25439,149],{"class":148},[52,25441,152],{"class":66},[52,25443,81],{"class":73},[52,25445,78],{"class":77},[52,25447,81],{"class":73},[52,25449,21311],{"class":4272},[52,25451,25341],{"class":155},[52,25453,35],{"class":66},[52,25455,2055],{"class":155},[52,25457,2058],{"class":66},[14,25459,25460,25461,35],{},"This works and returns ",[49,25462,862],{},[14,25464,25465],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[42,25467,25469],{"className":44,"code":25468,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[49,25470,25471],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25472,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25474,149],{"class":148},[52,25476,152],{"class":66},[52,25478,81],{"class":73},[52,25480,78],{"class":77},[52,25482,81],{"class":73},[52,25484,21311],{"class":4272},[52,25486,25341],{"class":155},[52,25488,159],{"class":66},[14,25490,25491,25492,35],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[26,25493,21344],{"href":2303},[37,25495,25497],{"id":25496},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25499,25500,25501,35],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[49,25502,2202],{},[487,25504,8849,25506,25508],{"id":25505},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[49,25507,2202],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25510,25511,25513],{},[49,25512,2202],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25515,511],{},[42,25517,25519],{"className":44,"code":25518,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[49,25520,25521,25557],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25522,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25524,616],{"class":58},[52,25526,63],{"class":62},[52,25528,1799],{"class":66},[52,25530,81],{"class":73},[52,25532,78],{"class":77},[52,25534,81],{"class":73},[52,25536,84],{"class":66},[52,25538,87],{"class":73},[52,25540,90],{"class":77},[52,25542,81],{"class":73},[52,25544,193],{"class":66},[52,25546,87],{"class":73},[52,25548,103],{"class":77},[52,25550,81],{"class":73},[52,25552,84],{"class":66},[52,25554,111],{"class":110},[52,25556,135],{"class":66},[52,25558,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25560,149],{"class":148},[52,25562,152],{"class":66},[52,25564,630],{"class":155},[52,25566,35],{"class":66},[52,25568,2055],{"class":155},[52,25570,2058],{"class":66},[14,25572,25573],{},[18,25574,164],{},[42,25576,25578],{"className":44,"code":25577,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[49,25579,25580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25581,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25583,2149],{"class":155},[52,25585,2152],{"class":66},[52,25587,177],{"class":73},[52,25589,78],{"class":77},[52,25591,177],{"class":73},[52,25593,193],{"class":66},[52,25595,186],{"class":73},[52,25597,103],{"class":77},[52,25599,177],{"class":73},[52,25601,1718],{"class":66},[14,25603,25604,25605,35],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[26,25606,25607],{"href":2213},[49,25608,2216],{},[487,25610,25612,25613],{"id":25611},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[49,25614,2149],{},[14,25616,25617],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[42,25619,25621],{"className":44,"code":25620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['name', 'age']\n",[49,25622,25623],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25624,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25626,1709],{"class":66},[52,25628,177],{"class":73},[52,25630,78],{"class":77},[52,25632,177],{"class":73},[52,25634,193],{"class":66},[52,25636,186],{"class":73},[52,25638,103],{"class":77},[52,25640,177],{"class":73},[52,25642,4030],{"class":66},[14,25644,25645,25646,25648],{},"But ",[49,25647,2202],{}," returns:",[42,25650,25651],{"className":44,"code":25577,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,25652,25653],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25654,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25656,2149],{"class":155},[52,25658,2152],{"class":66},[52,25660,177],{"class":73},[52,25662,78],{"class":77},[52,25664,177],{"class":73},[52,25666,193],{"class":66},[52,25668,186],{"class":73},[52,25670,103],{"class":77},[52,25672,177],{"class":73},[52,25674,1718],{"class":66},[14,25676,25677],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[42,25679,25681],{"className":44,"code":25680,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[49,25682,25683,25719,25738,25742],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25684,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25686,616],{"class":58},[52,25688,63],{"class":62},[52,25690,1799],{"class":66},[52,25692,81],{"class":73},[52,25694,78],{"class":77},[52,25696,81],{"class":73},[52,25698,84],{"class":66},[52,25700,87],{"class":73},[52,25702,90],{"class":77},[52,25704,81],{"class":73},[52,25706,193],{"class":66},[52,25708,87],{"class":73},[52,25710,103],{"class":77},[52,25712,81],{"class":73},[52,25714,84],{"class":66},[52,25716,111],{"class":110},[52,25718,135],{"class":66},[52,25720,25721,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25722,25723],{"class":58},"key_list ",[52,25725,63],{"class":62},[52,25727,22698],{"class":646},[52,25729,152],{"class":66},[52,25731,630],{"class":155},[52,25733,35],{"class":66},[52,25735,2055],{"class":155},[52,25737,2058],{"class":66},[52,25739,25740],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25741,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,25743,25744,25746,25748,25751],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,25745,149],{"class":148},[52,25747,152],{"class":66},[52,25749,25750],{"class":155},"key_list",[52,25752,159],{"class":66},[487,25754,25756,25757,25759],{"id":25755},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[49,25758,2202],{}," on a list or string",[14,25761,25762,25764],{},[49,25763,2202],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25766,3235],{},[42,25768,25770],{"className":44,"code":25769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[49,25771,25772,25792],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25773,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25775,4012],{"class":58},[52,25777,63],{"class":62},[52,25779,4017],{"class":66},[52,25781,1565],{"class":110},[52,25783,193],{"class":66},[52,25785,1570],{"class":110},[52,25787,193],{"class":66},[52,25789,2850],{"class":110},[52,25791,4030],{"class":66},[52,25793,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25795,149],{"class":148},[52,25797,152],{"class":66},[52,25799,1578],{"class":155},[52,25801,35],{"class":66},[52,25803,2055],{"class":155},[52,25805,2058],{"class":66},[14,25807,25808,25809,25812,25813,25815,25816,35],{},"You may get an ",[49,25810,25811],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[49,25814,2202],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[26,25817,25819,25820,25823],{"href":25818},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[49,25821,25822],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[487,25825,25827],{"id":25826},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25829,25830],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[42,25832,25834],{"className":44,"code":25833,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[49,25835,25836,25860],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25837,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25839,616],{"class":58},[52,25841,63],{"class":62},[52,25843,1799],{"class":66},[52,25845,81],{"class":73},[52,25847,78],{"class":77},[52,25849,81],{"class":73},[52,25851,84],{"class":66},[52,25853,87],{"class":73},[52,25855,90],{"class":77},[52,25857,81],{"class":73},[52,25859,135],{"class":66},[52,25861,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25863,149],{"class":148},[52,25865,152],{"class":66},[52,25867,630],{"class":155},[52,25869,35],{"class":66},[52,25871,2055],{"class":24889},[52,25873,159],{"class":66},[14,25875,25876],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25878,18831],{},[42,25880,25882],{"className":44,"code":25881,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(data.keys())\n",[49,25883,25884],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25885,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25887,149],{"class":148},[52,25889,152],{"class":66},[52,25891,630],{"class":155},[52,25893,35],{"class":66},[52,25895,2055],{"class":155},[52,25897,2058],{"class":66},[37,25899,1743],{"id":1742},[14,25901,25902,25903,84],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[49,25904,2202],{},[227,25906,25907,25912,25918,25924],{},[230,25908,8813,25909,25911],{},[49,25910,2202],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[230,25913,25914,25915,25917],{},"Thinking ",[49,25916,2202],{}," returns values too",[230,25919,25920,25921,25923],{},"Trying to index ",[49,25922,2149],{}," like a normal list",[230,25925,25926,25927,25929],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[49,25928,2149],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25931,25932],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[42,25934,25936],{"className":44,"code":25935,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[49,25937,25938,25970,25984,25988,25998],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,25939,25940,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25941,616],{"class":58},[52,25943,63],{"class":62},[52,25945,1799],{"class":66},[52,25947,81],{"class":73},[52,25949,26],{"class":77},[52,25951,81],{"class":73},[52,25953,84],{"class":66},[52,25955,5895],{"class":110},[52,25957,193],{"class":66},[52,25959,87],{"class":73},[52,25961,5157],{"class":77},[52,25963,81],{"class":73},[52,25965,84],{"class":66},[52,25967,1570],{"class":110},[52,25969,135],{"class":66},[52,25971,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,25973,17377],{"class":58},[52,25975,63],{"class":62},[52,25977,14921],{"class":58},[52,25979,35],{"class":66},[52,25981,2055],{"class":155},[52,25983,650],{"class":66},[52,25985,25986],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,25987,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,25989,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,25991,149],{"class":148},[52,25993,152],{"class":66},[52,25995,2055],{"class":155},[52,25997,159],{"class":66},[52,25999,26000],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,26001,26002],{"class":1017},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26004,26005],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[42,26007,26009],{"className":44,"code":26008,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[49,26010,26011,26043,26061,26065],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26012,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26014,616],{"class":58},[52,26016,63],{"class":62},[52,26018,1799],{"class":66},[52,26020,81],{"class":73},[52,26022,26],{"class":77},[52,26024,81],{"class":73},[52,26026,84],{"class":66},[52,26028,5895],{"class":110},[52,26030,193],{"class":66},[52,26032,87],{"class":73},[52,26034,5157],{"class":77},[52,26036,81],{"class":73},[52,26038,84],{"class":66},[52,26040,1570],{"class":110},[52,26042,135],{"class":66},[52,26044,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26046,17377],{"class":58},[52,26048,63],{"class":62},[52,26050,22698],{"class":646},[52,26052,152],{"class":66},[52,26054,630],{"class":155},[52,26056,35],{"class":66},[52,26058,2055],{"class":155},[52,26060,2058],{"class":66},[52,26062,26063],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,26064,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26066,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,26068,149],{"class":148},[52,26070,152],{"class":66},[52,26072,2055],{"class":155},[52,26074,1709],{"class":66},[52,26076,2514],{"class":110},[52,26078,1718],{"class":66},[37,26080,26082],{"id":26081},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26084,11477],{},[42,26086,26088],{"className":44,"code":26087,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[49,26089,26090,26104,26114,26128],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26091,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26093,149],{"class":148},[52,26095,152],{"class":66},[52,26097,734],{"class":646},[52,26099,152],{"class":66},[52,26101,739],{"class":155},[52,26103,742],{"class":66},[52,26105,26106,26108,26110,26112],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26107,149],{"class":148},[52,26109,152],{"class":66},[52,26111,739],{"class":155},[52,26113,159],{"class":66},[52,26115,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,26117,149],{"class":148},[52,26119,152],{"class":66},[52,26121,739],{"class":155},[52,26123,35],{"class":66},[52,26125,2055],{"class":155},[52,26127,2058],{"class":66},[52,26129,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,26131,149],{"class":148},[52,26133,152],{"class":66},[52,26135,8488],{"class":646},[52,26137,152],{"class":66},[52,26139,739],{"class":155},[52,26141,35],{"class":66},[52,26143,2055],{"class":155},[52,26145,6688],{"class":66},[14,26147,26148],{},"These help you confirm:",[227,26150,26151,26154,26157,26162],{},[230,26152,26153],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[230,26155,26156],{},"what data it contains",[230,26158,26159,26160,12063],{},"what ",[49,26161,2202],{},[230,26163,26164],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[37,26166,2220],{"id":2219},[487,26168,24057,26170,5542],{"id":26169},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[49,26171,2202],{},[14,26173,17557,26174,26176],{},[49,26175,2149],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[487,26178,15257,26180,26183],{"id":26179},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[49,26181,26182],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26185,26186,26187,26189,26190,35],{},"No. It returns a ",[49,26188,2149],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[49,26191,26192],{},"list(dict.keys())",[487,26194,26196,26197,2265],{"id":26195},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[49,26198,26182],{},[14,26200,26201,26202,26204],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[49,26203,6356],{}," loop.",[487,26206,26208,26209,26211],{"id":26207},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[49,26210,2202],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26213,26214,26215,26217],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[49,26216,2202],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[487,26219,26221],{"id":26220},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26223,340,26224,35],{},[49,26225,26226],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[37,26228,2277],{"id":2276},[227,26230,26231,26236,26242,26248,26254,26258],{},[230,26232,26233],{},[26,26234,26235],{"href":9768},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[230,26237,26238],{},[26,26239,2199,26240,2292],{"href":2206},[49,26241,2209],{},[230,26243,26244],{},[26,26245,2199,26246,2292],{"href":2213},[49,26247,2216],{},[230,26249,26250],{},[26,26251,26253],{"href":26252},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[230,26255,26256],{},[26,26257,2304],{"href":2303},[230,26259,26260],{},[26,26261,26262,26263,25823],{"href":25818},"How to fix ",[49,26264,25822],{},[2315,26266,26267],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":26269},[26270,26271,26273,26274,26275,26276,26277,26279,26288,26289,26290,26301],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":24388,"depth":70,"text":26272},"What keys() does",{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":5827,"depth":70,"text":5828},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":25078,"depth":70,"text":25079},{"id":25234,"depth":70,"text":26278},"When to use keys()",{"id":25496,"depth":70,"text":25497,"children":26280},[26281,26283,26285,26287],{"id":25505,"depth":98,"text":26282},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25611,"depth":98,"text":26284},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25755,"depth":98,"text":26286},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25826,"depth":98,"text":25827},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":26081,"depth":70,"text":26082},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":26291},[26292,26294,26296,26298,26300],{"id":26169,"depth":98,"text":26293},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26179,"depth":98,"text":26295},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26195,"depth":98,"text":26297},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26207,"depth":98,"text":26299},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26220,"depth":98,"text":26221},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24210,"description":26302},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26308,"title":26309,"body":26310,"description":28583,"extension":2357,"meta":28584,"navigation":141,"path":28585,"seo":28586,"stem":28587,"__hash__":28588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26311,"toc":28536},[26312,26317,26322,26325,26327,26473,26486,26491,26495,26509,26511,26614,26623,26625,26628,26666,26691,26693,26800,26802,26809,26812,26820,26822,26963,26971,26976,26980,26991,26993,27155,27158,27166,27173,27179,27276,27282,27359,27362,27374,27379,27385,27388,27392,27481,27484,27488,27592,27599,27686,27695,27697,27702,27708,27711,27757,27760,27826,27835,27841,27934,27940,27946,27989,27992,28057,28063,28155,28158,28162,28168,28193,28196,28292,28299,28301,28306,28397,28399,28427,28432,28434,28441,28444,28448,28458,28463,28466,28473,28483,28490,28498,28500,28533],[10,26313,11680,26315,11684],{"id":26314},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[49,26316,13120],{},[14,26318,26319,26321],{},[49,26320,12926],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26323,26324],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[37,26326,4002],{"id":4001},[42,26328,26330],{"className":44,"code":26329,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[49,26331,26332,26368,26392,26406,26419,26423,26428,26460],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26333,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26335,13560],{"class":58},[52,26337,63],{"class":62},[52,26339,1799],{"class":66},[52,26341,81],{"class":73},[52,26343,78],{"class":77},[52,26345,81],{"class":73},[52,26347,84],{"class":66},[52,26349,87],{"class":73},[52,26351,90],{"class":77},[52,26353,81],{"class":73},[52,26355,193],{"class":66},[52,26357,87],{"class":73},[52,26359,103],{"class":77},[52,26361,81],{"class":73},[52,26363,84],{"class":66},[52,26365,9684],{"class":110},[52,26367,135],{"class":66},[52,26369,26370,26373,26375,26377,26379,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26371,26372],{"class":58},"removed_age ",[52,26374,63],{"class":62},[52,26376,13603],{"class":58},[52,26378,35],{"class":66},[52,26380,26381],{"class":155},"pop",[52,26383,152],{"class":66},[52,26385,81],{"class":73},[52,26387,103],{"class":77},[52,26389,81],{"class":73},[52,26391,159],{"class":66},[52,26393,26394,26396,26398,26401,26403],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,26395,149],{"class":148},[52,26397,152],{"class":66},[52,26399,26400],{"class":155},"removed_age",[52,26402,4056],{"class":66},[52,26404,26405],{"class":1017},"   # 25\n",[52,26407,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,26409,149],{"class":148},[52,26411,152],{"class":66},[52,26413,17442],{"class":155},[52,26415,4056],{"class":66},[52,26417,26418],{"class":1017},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26420,26421],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,26422,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26424,26425],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26426,26427],{"class":1017},"# Safe version with default value\n",[52,26429,26430,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26456,26458],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,26431,26432],{"class":58},"country ",[52,26434,63],{"class":62},[52,26436,13603],{"class":58},[52,26438,35],{"class":66},[52,26440,26381],{"class":155},[52,26442,152],{"class":66},[52,26444,81],{"class":73},[52,26446,330],{"class":77},[52,26448,81],{"class":73},[52,26450,193],{"class":66},[52,26452,87],{"class":73},[52,26454,26455],{"class":77},"Not found",[52,26457,81],{"class":73},[52,26459,159],{"class":66},[52,26461,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,26463,149],{"class":148},[52,26465,152],{"class":66},[52,26467,330],{"class":155},[52,26469,4056],{"class":66},[52,26471,26472],{"class":1017},"       # Not found\n",[14,26474,340,26475,26478,26479,26482,26483,26485],{},[49,26476,26477],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[49,26480,26481],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[49,26484,19824],{}," when the key might not exist.",[37,26487,4073,26489,4076],{"id":26488},"what-dictpop-does",[49,26490,12926],{},[14,26492,26493,84],{},[49,26494,12926],{},[227,26496,26497,26500,26503,26506],{},[230,26498,26499],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[230,26501,26502],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[230,26504,26505],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[230,26507,26508],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26510,511],{},[42,26512,26514],{"className":44,"code":26513,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[49,26515,26516,26556,26560,26583,26587,26601],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26517,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26519,961],{"class":58},[52,26521,63],{"class":62},[52,26523,1799],{"class":66},[52,26525,81],{"class":73},[52,26527,78],{"class":77},[52,26529,81],{"class":73},[52,26531,84],{"class":66},[52,26533,87],{"class":73},[52,26535,13577],{"class":77},[52,26537,81],{"class":73},[52,26539,193],{"class":66},[52,26541,87],{"class":73},[52,26543,1137],{"class":77},[52,26545,81],{"class":73},[52,26547,84],{"class":66},[52,26549,87],{"class":73},[52,26551,10786],{"class":77},[52,26553,81],{"class":73},[52,26555,135],{"class":66},[52,26557,26558],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26559,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26561,26562,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,26563,26564],{"class":58},"removed_city ",[52,26566,63],{"class":62},[52,26568,11929],{"class":58},[52,26570,35],{"class":66},[52,26572,26381],{"class":155},[52,26574,152],{"class":66},[52,26576,81],{"class":73},[52,26578,1137],{"class":77},[52,26580,81],{"class":73},[52,26582,159],{"class":66},[52,26584,26585],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,26586,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26588,26589,26591,26593,26596,26598],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,26590,149],{"class":148},[52,26592,152],{"class":66},[52,26594,26595],{"class":155},"removed_city",[52,26597,4056],{"class":66},[52,26599,26600],{"class":1017},"  # Paris\n",[52,26602,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26604,149],{"class":148},[52,26606,152],{"class":66},[52,26608,998],{"class":155},[52,26610,4056],{"class":66},[52,26612,26613],{"class":1017},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26615,20908,26616,26619,26620,35],{},[49,26617,26618],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[49,26621,26622],{},"\"Paris\"",[37,26624,2553],{"id":2552},[14,26626,26627],{},"There are two common forms:",[42,26629,26631],{"className":44,"code":26630,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[49,26632,26633,26647],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26634,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26636,739],{"class":58},[52,26638,35],{"class":66},[52,26640,26381],{"class":155},[52,26642,152],{"class":66},[52,26644,257],{"class":155},[52,26646,159],{"class":66},[52,26648,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26664],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26650,739],{"class":58},[52,26652,35],{"class":66},[52,26654,26381],{"class":155},[52,26656,152],{"class":66},[52,26658,257],{"class":155},[52,26660,193],{"class":66},[52,26662,26663],{"class":155}," default",[52,26665,159],{"class":66},[227,26667,26668,26674,26682,26688],{},[230,26669,26670,26673],{},[49,26671,26672],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[230,26675,26676,26678,26679,26681],{},[49,26677,26672],{}," raises ",[49,26680,19824],{}," if the key is missing",[230,26683,26684,26687],{},[49,26685,26686],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[230,26689,26690],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26692,511],{},[42,26694,26696],{"className":44,"code":26695,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[49,26697,26698,26730,26734,26759,26787],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26699,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26701,1441],{"class":58},[52,26703,63],{"class":62},[52,26705,1799],{"class":66},[52,26707,81],{"class":73},[52,26709,18553],{"class":77},[52,26711,81],{"class":73},[52,26713,84],{"class":66},[52,26715,20035],{"class":110},[52,26717,193],{"class":66},[52,26719,87],{"class":73},[52,26721,18562],{"class":77},[52,26723,81],{"class":73},[52,26725,84],{"class":66},[52,26727,13863],{"class":110},[52,26729,135],{"class":66},[52,26731,26732],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26733,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26735,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,26737,149],{"class":148},[52,26739,152],{"class":66},[52,26741,1508],{"class":155},[52,26743,35],{"class":66},[52,26745,26381],{"class":155},[52,26747,152],{"class":66},[52,26749,81],{"class":73},[52,26751,18553],{"class":77},[52,26753,81],{"class":73},[52,26755,5758],{"class":66},[52,26757,26758],{"class":1017},"         # 90\n",[52,26760,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,26762,149],{"class":148},[52,26764,152],{"class":66},[52,26766,1508],{"class":155},[52,26768,35],{"class":66},[52,26770,26381],{"class":155},[52,26772,152],{"class":66},[52,26774,81],{"class":73},[52,26776,18571],{"class":77},[52,26778,81],{"class":73},[52,26780,193],{"class":66},[52,26782,4229],{"class":110},[52,26784,5758],{"class":66},[52,26786,20905],{"class":1017},[52,26788,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,26790,149],{"class":148},[52,26792,152],{"class":66},[52,26794,1508],{"class":155},[52,26796,4056],{"class":66},[52,26798,26799],{"class":1017},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[37,26801,17554],{"id":17553},[14,26803,26804,14408,26806,26808],{},[49,26805,13120],{},[18,26807,1006],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26810,26811],{},"Instead, it returns:",[227,26813,26814,26817],{},[230,26815,26816],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[230,26818,26819],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26821,511],{},[42,26823,26825],{"className":44,"code":26824,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[49,26826,26827,26859,26863,26886,26918,26922,26936,26950],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26828,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26830,616],{"class":58},[52,26832,63],{"class":62},[52,26834,1799],{"class":66},[52,26836,81],{"class":73},[52,26838,26],{"class":77},[52,26840,81],{"class":73},[52,26842,84],{"class":66},[52,26844,6403],{"class":110},[52,26846,193],{"class":66},[52,26848,87],{"class":73},[52,26850,5157],{"class":77},[52,26852,81],{"class":73},[52,26854,84],{"class":66},[52,26856,111],{"class":110},[52,26858,135],{"class":66},[52,26860,26861],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,26862,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26864,26865,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,26866,26867],{"class":58},"result1 ",[52,26869,63],{"class":62},[52,26871,14921],{"class":58},[52,26873,35],{"class":66},[52,26875,26381],{"class":155},[52,26877,152],{"class":66},[52,26879,81],{"class":73},[52,26881,26],{"class":77},[52,26883,81],{"class":73},[52,26885,159],{"class":66},[52,26887,26888,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26914,26916],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,26889,26890],{"class":58},"result2 ",[52,26892,63],{"class":62},[52,26894,14921],{"class":58},[52,26896,35],{"class":66},[52,26898,26381],{"class":155},[52,26900,152],{"class":66},[52,26902,81],{"class":73},[52,26904,10111],{"class":77},[52,26906,81],{"class":73},[52,26908,193],{"class":66},[52,26910,87],{"class":73},[52,26912,26913],{"class":77},"missing",[52,26915,81],{"class":73},[52,26917,159],{"class":66},[52,26919,26920],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,26921,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,26923,26924,26926,26928,26931,26933],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,26925,149],{"class":148},[52,26927,152],{"class":66},[52,26929,26930],{"class":155},"result1",[52,26932,4056],{"class":66},[52,26934,26935],{"class":1017},"  # 10\n",[52,26937,26938,26940,26942,26945,26947],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,26939,149],{"class":148},[52,26941,152],{"class":66},[52,26943,26944],{"class":155},"result2",[52,26946,4056],{"class":66},[52,26948,26949],{"class":1017},"  # missing\n",[52,26951,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,26953,149],{"class":148},[52,26955,152],{"class":66},[52,26957,630],{"class":155},[52,26959,4056],{"class":66},[52,26961,26962],{"class":1017},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26964,26965,26966,7029],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[26,26967,26968],{"href":2288},[49,26969,26970],{},"dict.get()",[37,26972,5358,26974],{"id":26973},"when-to-use-pop",[49,26975,13120],{},[14,26977,340,26978,10970],{},[49,26979,13120],{},[227,26981,26982,26985,26988],{},[230,26983,26984],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[230,26986,26987],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[230,26989,26990],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26992,511],{},[42,26994,26996],{"className":44,"code":26995,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[49,26997,26998,27050,27054,27081,27085,27109,27113,27127,27141],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,26999,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27034,27036,27038,27041,27043,27045,27048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27001,25263],{"class":58},[52,27003,63],{"class":62},[52,27005,1799],{"class":66},[52,27007,81],{"class":73},[52,27009,78],{"class":77},[52,27011,81],{"class":73},[52,27013,84],{"class":66},[52,27015,87],{"class":73},[52,27017,27018],{"class":77},"Laptop",[52,27020,81],{"class":73},[52,27022,193],{"class":66},[52,27024,87],{"class":73},[52,27026,25289],{"class":77},[52,27028,81],{"class":73},[52,27030,84],{"class":66},[52,27032,27033],{"class":110}," 1200",[52,27035,193],{"class":66},[52,27037,87],{"class":73},[52,27039,27040],{"class":77},"discount",[52,27042,81],{"class":73},[52,27044,84],{"class":66},[52,27046,27047],{"class":110}," 200",[52,27049,135],{"class":66},[52,27051,27052],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27053,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27055,27056,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27057,27058],{"class":58},"discount_amount ",[52,27060,63],{"class":62},[52,27062,25341],{"class":58},[52,27064,35],{"class":66},[52,27066,26381],{"class":155},[52,27068,152],{"class":66},[52,27070,81],{"class":73},[52,27072,27040],{"class":77},[52,27074,81],{"class":73},[52,27076,193],{"class":66},[52,27078,4229],{"class":110},[52,27080,159],{"class":66},[52,27082,27083],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27084,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27086,27087,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27088,27089],{"class":58},"final_price ",[52,27091,63],{"class":62},[52,27093,25341],{"class":58},[52,27095,1709],{"class":66},[52,27097,81],{"class":73},[52,27099,25289],{"class":77},[52,27101,81],{"class":73},[52,27103,13629],{"class":66},[52,27105,2618],{"class":62},[52,27107,27108],{"class":58}," discount_amount\n",[52,27110,27111],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27112,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27114,27115,27117,27119,27122,27124],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,27116,149],{"class":148},[52,27118,152],{"class":66},[52,27120,27121],{"class":155},"discount_amount",[52,27123,4056],{"class":66},[52,27125,27126],{"class":1017},"  # 200\n",[52,27128,27129,27131,27133,27136,27138],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,27130,149],{"class":148},[52,27132,152],{"class":66},[52,27134,27135],{"class":155},"final_price",[52,27137,4056],{"class":66},[52,27139,27140],{"class":1017},"      # 1000\n",[52,27142,27143,27145,27147,27150,27152],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,27144,149],{"class":148},[52,27146,152],{"class":66},[52,27148,27149],{"class":155},"product",[52,27151,4056],{"class":66},[52,27153,27154],{"class":1017},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27156,27157],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[37,27159,27161,10954,27163],{"id":27160},"pop-vs-del",[49,27162,13120],{},[49,27164,27165],{},"del",[14,27167,10959,27168,2262,27170,27172],{},[49,27169,13120],{},[49,27171,27165],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[487,27174,340,27176,27178],{"id":27175},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[49,27177,13120],{}," when you need the removed value",[42,27180,27182],{"className":44,"code":27181,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[49,27183,27184,27220,27224,27246,27250,27263],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27185,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27187,13560],{"class":58},[52,27189,63],{"class":62},[52,27191,1799],{"class":66},[52,27193,81],{"class":73},[52,27195,78],{"class":77},[52,27197,81],{"class":73},[52,27199,84],{"class":66},[52,27201,87],{"class":73},[52,27203,90],{"class":77},[52,27205,81],{"class":73},[52,27207,193],{"class":66},[52,27209,87],{"class":73},[52,27211,103],{"class":77},[52,27213,81],{"class":73},[52,27215,84],{"class":66},[52,27217,9684],{"class":110},[52,27219,135],{"class":66},[52,27221,27222],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27223,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27225,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27227,21766],{"class":58},[52,27229,63],{"class":62},[52,27231,13603],{"class":58},[52,27233,35],{"class":66},[52,27235,26381],{"class":155},[52,27237,152],{"class":66},[52,27239,81],{"class":73},[52,27241,103],{"class":77},[52,27243,81],{"class":73},[52,27245,159],{"class":66},[52,27247,27248],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27249,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27251,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27253,149],{"class":148},[52,27255,152],{"class":66},[52,27257,103],{"class":155},[52,27259,4056],{"class":66},[52,27261,27262],{"class":1017},"     # 25\n",[52,27264,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27266,149],{"class":148},[52,27268,152],{"class":66},[52,27270,17442],{"class":155},[52,27272,4056],{"class":66},[52,27274,27275],{"class":1017},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[487,27277,340,27279,27281],{"id":27278},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[49,27280,27165],{}," when you only want deletion",[42,27283,27285],{"className":44,"code":27284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[49,27286,27287,27323,27327,27343,27347],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27288,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27290,13560],{"class":58},[52,27292,63],{"class":62},[52,27294,1799],{"class":66},[52,27296,81],{"class":73},[52,27298,78],{"class":77},[52,27300,81],{"class":73},[52,27302,84],{"class":66},[52,27304,87],{"class":73},[52,27306,90],{"class":77},[52,27308,81],{"class":73},[52,27310,193],{"class":66},[52,27312,87],{"class":73},[52,27314,103],{"class":77},[52,27316,81],{"class":73},[52,27318,84],{"class":66},[52,27320,9684],{"class":110},[52,27322,135],{"class":66},[52,27324,27325],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27326,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27328,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27330,27165],{"class":4272},[52,27332,13603],{"class":58},[52,27334,1709],{"class":66},[52,27336,81],{"class":73},[52,27338,103],{"class":77},[52,27340,81],{"class":73},[52,27342,4030],{"class":66},[52,27344,27345],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27346,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27348,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27350,149],{"class":148},[52,27352,152],{"class":66},[52,27354,17442],{"class":155},[52,27356,4056],{"class":66},[52,27358,27275],{"class":1017},[14,27360,27361],{},"Difference:",[227,27363,27364,27369],{},[230,27365,27366,27368],{},[49,27367,13120],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[230,27370,27371,27373],{},[49,27372,27165],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27375,27376,27377,35],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[26,27378,12931],{"href":12930},[37,27380,27382,27383],{"id":27381},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[49,27384,19824],{},[14,27386,27387],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[487,27389,27391],{"id":27390},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[42,27393,27395],{"className":44,"code":27394,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[49,27396,27397,27422,27426,27452,27456,27468],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27398,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27418,27420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27400,705],{"class":58},[52,27402,63],{"class":62},[52,27404,1799],{"class":66},[52,27406,81],{"class":73},[52,27408,78],{"class":77},[52,27410,81],{"class":73},[52,27412,84],{"class":66},[52,27414,87],{"class":73},[52,27416,27417],{"class":77},"Sara",[52,27419,81],{"class":73},[52,27421,135],{"class":66},[52,27423,27424],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27425,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27427,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27429,2845],{"class":58},[52,27431,63],{"class":62},[52,27433,12123],{"class":58},[52,27435,35],{"class":66},[52,27437,26381],{"class":155},[52,27439,152],{"class":66},[52,27441,81],{"class":73},[52,27443,103],{"class":77},[52,27445,81],{"class":73},[52,27447,193],{"class":66},[52,27449,4248],{"class":128},[52,27451,159],{"class":66},[52,27453,27454],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27455,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27457,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27459,149],{"class":148},[52,27461,152],{"class":66},[52,27463,263],{"class":155},[52,27465,4056],{"class":66},[52,27467,20698],{"class":1017},[52,27469,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27471,149],{"class":148},[52,27473,152],{"class":66},[52,27475,739],{"class":155},[52,27477,4056],{"class":66},[52,27479,27480],{"class":1017}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27482,27483],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[487,27485,27487],{"id":27486},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[42,27489,27491],{"className":44,"code":27490,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[49,27492,27493,27517,27521,27537,27560,27570,27577],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27494,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27496,705],{"class":58},[52,27498,63],{"class":62},[52,27500,1799],{"class":66},[52,27502,81],{"class":73},[52,27504,78],{"class":77},[52,27506,81],{"class":73},[52,27508,84],{"class":66},[52,27510,87],{"class":73},[52,27512,27417],{"class":77},[52,27514,81],{"class":73},[52,27516,135],{"class":66},[52,27518,27519],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27520,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27522,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27524,7395],{"class":4272},[52,27526,87],{"class":73},[52,27528,103],{"class":77},[52,27530,81],{"class":73},[52,27532,21311],{"class":62},[52,27534,12123],{"class":58},[52,27536,6792],{"class":66},[52,27538,27539,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27540,27541],{"class":58},"    value ",[52,27543,63],{"class":62},[52,27545,12123],{"class":58},[52,27547,35],{"class":66},[52,27549,26381],{"class":155},[52,27551,152],{"class":66},[52,27553,81],{"class":73},[52,27555,103],{"class":77},[52,27557,81],{"class":73},[52,27559,159],{"class":66},[52,27561,27562,27564,27566,27568],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27563,8463],{"class":148},[52,27565,152],{"class":66},[52,27567,263],{"class":155},[52,27569,159],{"class":66},[52,27571,27572,27575],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27573,27574],{"class":4272},"else",[52,27576,6792],{"class":66},[52,27578,27579,27581,27583,27585,27588,27590],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,27580,8463],{"class":148},[52,27582,152],{"class":66},[52,27584,81],{"class":73},[52,27586,27587],{"class":77},"Key not found",[52,27589,81],{"class":73},[52,27591,159],{"class":66},[487,27593,27595,27596,27598],{"id":27594},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[49,27597,2291],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[42,27600,27602],{"className":44,"code":27601,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[49,27603,27604,27628,27632,27658,27662,27674],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27605,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27607,705],{"class":58},[52,27609,63],{"class":62},[52,27611,1799],{"class":66},[52,27613,81],{"class":73},[52,27615,78],{"class":77},[52,27617,81],{"class":73},[52,27619,84],{"class":66},[52,27621,87],{"class":73},[52,27623,27417],{"class":77},[52,27625,81],{"class":73},[52,27627,135],{"class":66},[52,27629,27630],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27631,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27633,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27635,2845],{"class":58},[52,27637,63],{"class":62},[52,27639,12123],{"class":58},[52,27641,35],{"class":66},[52,27643,19887],{"class":155},[52,27645,152],{"class":66},[52,27647,81],{"class":73},[52,27649,103],{"class":77},[52,27651,81],{"class":73},[52,27653,193],{"class":66},[52,27655,4248],{"class":128},[52,27657,159],{"class":66},[52,27659,27660],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27661,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27663,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27665,149],{"class":148},[52,27667,152],{"class":66},[52,27669,263],{"class":155},[52,27671,4056],{"class":66},[52,27673,20698],{"class":1017},[52,27675,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27677,149],{"class":148},[52,27679,152],{"class":66},[52,27681,739],{"class":155},[52,27683,4056],{"class":66},[52,27685,27480],{"class":1017},[14,27687,340,27688,27692,27693,35],{},[26,27689,27690],{"href":2288},[49,27691,26970],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[26,27694,2310],{"href":2309},[37,27696,4915],{"id":4914},[14,27698,27699,27700,35],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[49,27701,12926],{},[487,27703,25914,27705,27707],{"id":27704},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[49,27706,13120],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27709,27710],{},"Lists use indexes:",[42,27712,27714],{"className":44,"code":27713,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[49,27715,27716,27736],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27717,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27719,4012],{"class":58},[52,27721,63],{"class":62},[52,27723,4017],{"class":66},[52,27725,2728],{"class":110},[52,27727,193],{"class":66},[52,27729,111],{"class":110},[52,27731,193],{"class":66},[52,27733,1929],{"class":110},[52,27735,4030],{"class":66},[52,27737,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27739,149],{"class":148},[52,27741,152],{"class":66},[52,27743,1578],{"class":155},[52,27745,35],{"class":66},[52,27747,26381],{"class":155},[52,27749,152],{"class":66},[52,27751,1565],{"class":110},[52,27753,5758],{"class":66},[52,27755,27756],{"class":1017},"  # 20\n",[14,27758,27759],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[42,27761,27763],{"className":44,"code":27762,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[49,27764,27765,27801],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27766,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27768,13560],{"class":58},[52,27770,63],{"class":62},[52,27772,1799],{"class":66},[52,27774,81],{"class":73},[52,27776,78],{"class":77},[52,27778,81],{"class":73},[52,27780,84],{"class":66},[52,27782,87],{"class":73},[52,27784,90],{"class":77},[52,27786,81],{"class":73},[52,27788,193],{"class":66},[52,27790,87],{"class":73},[52,27792,103],{"class":77},[52,27794,81],{"class":73},[52,27796,84],{"class":66},[52,27798,9684],{"class":110},[52,27800,135],{"class":66},[52,27802,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27804,149],{"class":148},[52,27806,152],{"class":66},[52,27808,17442],{"class":155},[52,27810,35],{"class":66},[52,27812,26381],{"class":155},[52,27814,152],{"class":66},[52,27816,81],{"class":73},[52,27818,103],{"class":77},[52,27820,81],{"class":73},[52,27822,5758],{"class":66},[52,27824,27825],{"class":1017},"  # 25\n",[14,27827,27828,27829,27831,27832,27834],{},"A dictionary does ",[18,27830,1006],{}," use positions with ",[49,27833,13120],{},". It uses keys.",[487,27836,5100,27838,27840],{"id":27837},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[49,27839,13120],{}," changes the original dictionary",[42,27842,27844],{"className":44,"code":27843,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[49,27845,27846,27878,27882,27904,27908,27921],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27847,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27849,616],{"class":58},[52,27851,63],{"class":62},[52,27853,1799],{"class":66},[52,27855,81],{"class":73},[52,27857,2570],{"class":77},[52,27859,81],{"class":73},[52,27861,84],{"class":66},[52,27863,5895],{"class":110},[52,27865,193],{"class":66},[52,27867,87],{"class":73},[52,27869,12102],{"class":77},[52,27871,81],{"class":73},[52,27873,84],{"class":66},[52,27875,1570],{"class":110},[52,27877,135],{"class":66},[52,27879,27880],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27881,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27883,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27885,2845],{"class":58},[52,27887,63],{"class":62},[52,27889,14921],{"class":58},[52,27891,35],{"class":66},[52,27893,26381],{"class":155},[52,27895,152],{"class":66},[52,27897,81],{"class":73},[52,27899,2570],{"class":77},[52,27901,81],{"class":73},[52,27903,159],{"class":66},[52,27905,27906],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27907,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27909,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,27911,149],{"class":148},[52,27913,152],{"class":66},[52,27915,263],{"class":155},[52,27917,4056],{"class":66},[52,27919,27920],{"class":1017},"  # 1\n",[52,27922,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,27924,149],{"class":148},[52,27926,152],{"class":66},[52,27928,630],{"class":155},[52,27930,4056],{"class":66},[52,27932,27933],{"class":1017},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27935,27936,27937,27939],{},"After ",[49,27938,13120],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[487,27941,8813,27943,27945],{"id":27942},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[49,27944,13120],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[42,27947,27949],{"className":44,"code":27948,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[49,27950,27951,27975,27979,27984],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27952,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27954,616],{"class":58},[52,27956,63],{"class":62},[52,27958,1799],{"class":66},[52,27960,81],{"class":73},[52,27962,78],{"class":77},[52,27964,81],{"class":73},[52,27966,84],{"class":66},[52,27968,87],{"class":73},[52,27970,8316],{"class":77},[52,27972,81],{"class":73},[52,27974,135],{"class":66},[52,27976,27977],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,27978,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,27980,27981],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,27982,27983],{"class":1017},"# This causes an error\n",[52,27985,27986],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,27987,27988],{"class":1017},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27990,27991],{},"Safer version:",[42,27993,27995],{"className":44,"code":27994,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[49,27996,27997,28021,28025],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,27998,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28000,616],{"class":58},[52,28002,63],{"class":62},[52,28004,1799],{"class":66},[52,28006,81],{"class":73},[52,28008,78],{"class":77},[52,28010,81],{"class":73},[52,28012,84],{"class":66},[52,28014,87],{"class":73},[52,28016,8316],{"class":77},[52,28018,81],{"class":73},[52,28020,135],{"class":66},[52,28022,28023],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28024,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,28026,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,28028,149],{"class":148},[52,28030,152],{"class":66},[52,28032,630],{"class":155},[52,28034,35],{"class":66},[52,28036,26381],{"class":155},[52,28038,152],{"class":66},[52,28040,81],{"class":73},[52,28042,103],{"class":77},[52,28044,81],{"class":73},[52,28046,193],{"class":66},[52,28048,87],{"class":73},[52,28050,26913],{"class":77},[52,28052,81],{"class":73},[52,28054,5758],{"class":66},[52,28056,26949],{"class":1017},[487,28058,8849,28060,28062],{"id":28059},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[49,28061,13120],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[42,28064,28066],{"className":44,"code":28065,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[49,28067,28068,28100,28104,28126,28130,28142],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28069,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28071,616],{"class":58},[52,28073,63],{"class":62},[52,28075,1799],{"class":66},[52,28077,81],{"class":73},[52,28079,26],{"class":77},[52,28081,81],{"class":73},[52,28083,84],{"class":66},[52,28085,5895],{"class":110},[52,28087,193],{"class":66},[52,28089,87],{"class":73},[52,28091,5157],{"class":77},[52,28093,81],{"class":73},[52,28095,84],{"class":66},[52,28097,1570],{"class":110},[52,28099,135],{"class":66},[52,28101,28102],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28103,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,28105,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,28107,2626],{"class":58},[52,28109,63],{"class":62},[52,28111,14921],{"class":58},[52,28113,35],{"class":66},[52,28115,26381],{"class":155},[52,28117,152],{"class":66},[52,28119,81],{"class":73},[52,28121,26],{"class":77},[52,28123,81],{"class":73},[52,28125,159],{"class":66},[52,28127,28128],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,28129,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,28131,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,28133,149],{"class":148},[52,28135,152],{"class":66},[52,28137,2661],{"class":155},[52,28139,4056],{"class":66},[52,28141,27920],{"class":1017},[52,28143,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,28145,149],{"class":148},[52,28147,152],{"class":66},[52,28149,630],{"class":155},[52,28151,4056],{"class":66},[52,28153,28154],{"class":1017},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28156,28157],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[37,28159,28161],{"id":28160},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28163,28164,28165,28167],{},"Problems with ",[49,28166,12926],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[227,28169,28170,28173,28182,28185],{},[230,28171,28172],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[230,28174,28175,28176,28179,28180],{},"Mixing up list ",[49,28177,28178],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[49,28181,26477],{},[230,28183,28184],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[230,28186,28187,28188,11456,28190],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[49,28189,1565],{},[49,28191,28192],{},"\"1\"",[14,28194,28195],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[42,28197,28199],{"className":44,"code":28198,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[49,28200,28201,28225,28229,28259],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28202,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28204,616],{"class":58},[52,28206,63],{"class":62},[52,28208,1799],{"class":66},[52,28210,81],{"class":73},[52,28212,1565],{"class":77},[52,28214,81],{"class":73},[52,28216,84],{"class":66},[52,28218,87],{"class":73},[52,28220,6983],{"class":77},[52,28222,81],{"class":73},[52,28224,135],{"class":66},[52,28226,28227],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28228,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,28230,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28252,28254,28256],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,28232,149],{"class":148},[52,28234,152],{"class":66},[52,28236,630],{"class":155},[52,28238,35],{"class":66},[52,28240,26381],{"class":155},[52,28242,152],{"class":66},[52,28244,1565],{"class":110},[52,28246,193],{"class":66},[52,28248,87],{"class":73},[52,28250,28251],{"class":77},"not found",[52,28253,81],{"class":73},[52,28255,5758],{"class":66},[52,28257,28258],{"class":1017},"    # not found\n",[52,28260,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,28262,149],{"class":148},[52,28264,152],{"class":66},[52,28266,630],{"class":155},[52,28268,35],{"class":66},[52,28270,26381],{"class":155},[52,28272,152],{"class":66},[52,28274,81],{"class":73},[52,28276,1565],{"class":77},[52,28278,81],{"class":73},[52,28280,193],{"class":66},[52,28282,87],{"class":73},[52,28284,28251],{"class":77},[52,28286,81],{"class":73},[52,28288,5758],{"class":66},[52,28290,28291],{"class":1017},"  # one\n",[14,28293,28294,2262,28296,28298],{},[49,28295,1565],{},[49,28297,28192],{}," are different keys.",[37,28300,9268],{"id":9267},[14,28302,9271,28303,28305],{},[49,28304,13120],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[42,28307,28309],{"className":44,"code":28308,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[49,28310,28311,28321,28335,28353,28383],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28312,28313,28315,28317,28319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28314,149],{"class":148},[52,28316,152],{"class":66},[52,28318,739],{"class":155},[52,28320,159],{"class":66},[52,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28324,149],{"class":148},[52,28326,152],{"class":66},[52,28328,739],{"class":155},[52,28330,35],{"class":66},[52,28332,2055],{"class":155},[52,28334,2058],{"class":66},[52,28336,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,28338,149],{"class":148},[52,28340,152],{"class":66},[52,28342,177],{"class":73},[52,28344,78],{"class":77},[52,28346,177],{"class":73},[52,28348,21311],{"class":4272},[52,28350,12123],{"class":155},[52,28352,159],{"class":66},[52,28354,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,28356,149],{"class":148},[52,28358,152],{"class":66},[52,28360,739],{"class":155},[52,28362,35],{"class":66},[52,28364,26381],{"class":155},[52,28366,152],{"class":66},[52,28368,177],{"class":73},[52,28370,78],{"class":77},[52,28372,177],{"class":73},[52,28374,193],{"class":66},[52,28376,186],{"class":73},[52,28378,26913],{"class":77},[52,28380,177],{"class":73},[52,28382,742],{"class":66},[52,28384,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,28386,149],{"class":148},[52,28388,152],{"class":66},[52,28390,734],{"class":646},[52,28392,152],{"class":66},[52,28394,739],{"class":155},[52,28396,742],{"class":66},[14,28398,21474],{},[227,28400,28401,28406,28411,28416,28422],{},[230,28402,28403,28405],{},[49,28404,13036],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[230,28407,28408,28410],{},[49,28409,21486],{}," shows all available keys",[230,28412,28413,28415],{},[49,28414,21492],{}," checks whether a key exists",[230,28417,28418,28421],{},[49,28419,28420],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[230,28423,28424,28426],{},[49,28425,13042],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28428,28429,28430,35],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[26,28431,9769],{"href":9768},[37,28433,2220],{"id":2219},[487,28435,28437,28438,28440],{"id":28436},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[49,28439,13120],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28442,28443],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[487,28445,28447],{"id":28446},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28449,28450,26678,28452,28454,28455,28457],{},[49,28451,26477],{},[49,28453,19824],{},". ",[49,28456,26481],{}," returns the default value instead.",[487,28459,13061,28461,15250],{"id":28460},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[49,28462,13120],{},[14,28464,28465],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[487,28467,28469,28470,28472],{"id":28468},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[49,28471,13120],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28474,28475,28476,28478,28479,35],{},"Not with ",[49,28477,12926],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[26,28480,28481],{"href":12937},[49,28482,13127],{},[487,28484,2259,28486,2262,28488,2265],{"id":28485},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[49,28487,2291],{},[49,28489,13120],{},[14,28491,28492,28494,28495,28497],{},[49,28493,2291],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[49,28496,13120],{}," reads and removes it.",[37,28499,2277],{"id":2276},[227,28501,28502,28508,28515,28519,28523,28527],{},[230,28503,28504],{},[26,28505,28506],{"href":2288},[49,28507,19805],{},[230,28509,28510],{},[26,28511,28512],{"href":12937},[49,28513,28514],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[230,28516,28517],{},[26,28518,13144],{"href":12930},[230,28520,28521],{},[26,28522,21595],{"href":1724},[230,28524,28525],{},[26,28526,2310],{"href":2309},[230,28528,28529],{},[26,28530,28532],{"href":28531},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2315,28534,28535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":28537},[28538,28539,28541,28542,28543,28545,28552,28559,28569,28570,28571,28582],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":26488,"depth":70,"text":28540},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":26973,"depth":70,"text":28544},"When to use pop()",{"id":27160,"depth":70,"text":28546,"children":28547},"pop() vs del",[28548,28550],{"id":27175,"depth":98,"text":28549},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27278,"depth":98,"text":28551},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27381,"depth":70,"text":28553,"children":28554},"How to avoid KeyError",[28555,28556,28557],{"id":27390,"depth":98,"text":27391},{"id":27486,"depth":98,"text":27487},{"id":27594,"depth":98,"text":28558},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":28560},[28561,28563,28565,28567],{"id":27704,"depth":98,"text":28562},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27837,"depth":98,"text":28564},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27942,"depth":98,"text":28566},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28059,"depth":98,"text":28568},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28160,"depth":70,"text":28161},{"id":9267,"depth":70,"text":9268},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":28572},[28573,28575,28576,28578,28580],{"id":28436,"depth":98,"text":28574},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28446,"depth":98,"text":28447},{"id":28460,"depth":98,"text":28577},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28468,"depth":98,"text":28579},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28485,"depth":98,"text":28581},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26309,"description":28583},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28590,"title":28514,"body":28591,"description":30531,"extension":2357,"meta":30532,"navigation":141,"path":30533,"seo":30534,"stem":30535,"__hash__":30536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28592,"toc":30495},[28593,28598,28603,28606,28614,28624,28626,28715,28719,28768,28773,28778,28782,28798,28801,28803,28818,28820,28836,28843,28847,28853,28862,28864,28933,28937,28958,28961,28980,28983,29006,29008,29011,29126,29130,29189,29196,29200,29206,29331,29335,29385,29388,29392,29399,29401,29464,29468,29489,29492,29501,29516,29524,29531,29535,29547,29551,29562,29564,29710,29714,29773,29780,29785,29789,29795,29818,29823,29842,29846,29917,29924,29997,30006,30011,30016,30027,30030,30167,30172,30204,30209,30211,30215,30275,30278,30335,30338,30381,30383,30388,30394,30400,30403,30410,30418,30423,30426,30433,30441,30443,30492],[10,28594,11680,28596,11684],{"id":28595},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[49,28597,13127],{},[14,28599,2374,28600,28602],{},[49,28601,13127],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28604,28605],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[227,28607,28608,28611],{},[230,28609,28610],{},"remove an item",[230,28612,28613],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28615,28616,28617,28619,28620,28623],{},"In modern Python, ",[49,28618,13127],{}," removes the ",[18,28621,28622],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[37,28625,40],{"id":39},[42,28627,28629],{"className":44,"code":28628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[49,28630,28631,28675,28691,28695,28705],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28632,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28634,616],{"class":58},[52,28636,63],{"class":62},[52,28638,1799],{"class":66},[52,28640,81],{"class":73},[52,28642,26],{"class":77},[52,28644,81],{"class":73},[52,28646,84],{"class":66},[52,28648,5895],{"class":110},[52,28650,193],{"class":66},[52,28652,87],{"class":73},[52,28654,5157],{"class":77},[52,28656,81],{"class":73},[52,28658,84],{"class":66},[52,28660,1570],{"class":110},[52,28662,193],{"class":66},[52,28664,87],{"class":73},[52,28666,10111],{"class":77},[52,28668,81],{"class":73},[52,28670,84],{"class":66},[52,28672,2850],{"class":110},[52,28674,135],{"class":66},[52,28676,28677,28680,28682,28684,28686,28689],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28678,28679],{"class":58},"item ",[52,28681,63],{"class":62},[52,28683,14921],{"class":58},[52,28685,35],{"class":66},[52,28687,28688],{"class":155},"popitem",[52,28690,650],{"class":66},[52,28692,28693],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,28694,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,28696,28697,28699,28701,28703],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,28698,149],{"class":148},[52,28700,152],{"class":66},[52,28702,23449],{"class":155},[52,28704,159],{"class":66},[52,28706,28707,28709,28711,28713],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,28708,149],{"class":148},[52,28710,152],{"class":66},[52,28712,630],{"class":155},[52,28714,159],{"class":66},[14,28716,28717],{},[18,28718,164],{},[42,28720,28722],{"className":44,"code":28721,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[49,28723,28724,28740],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28725,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28727,152],{"class":66},[52,28729,177],{"class":73},[52,28731,10111],{"class":77},[52,28733,177],{"class":73},[52,28735,193],{"class":66},[52,28737,2850],{"class":110},[52,28739,159],{"class":66},[52,28741,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28743,174],{"class":66},[52,28745,177],{"class":73},[52,28747,26],{"class":77},[52,28749,177],{"class":73},[52,28751,84],{"class":66},[52,28753,5895],{"class":110},[52,28755,193],{"class":66},[52,28757,186],{"class":73},[52,28759,5157],{"class":77},[52,28761,177],{"class":73},[52,28763,84],{"class":66},[52,28765,1570],{"class":110},[52,28767,135],{"class":66},[14,28769,28770,28772],{},[49,28771,13127],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[37,28774,4073,28776,4076],{"id":28775},"what-popitem-does",[49,28777,13127],{},[14,28779,28780,84],{},[49,28781,13127],{},[227,28783,28784,28787,28792,28795],{},[230,28785,28786],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[230,28788,28789,28790],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[49,28791,21793],{},[230,28793,28794],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[230,28796,28797],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28799,28800],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[37,28802,2553],{"id":2552},[42,28804,28806],{"className":44,"code":28805,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[49,28807,28808],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28809,28810,28812,28814,28816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28811,688],{"class":58},[52,28813,35],{"class":66},[52,28815,28688],{"class":155},[52,28817,650],{"class":66},[14,28819,11820],{},[227,28821,28822,28830,28833],{},[230,28823,28824,28826,28827],{},[49,28825,13127],{}," takes ",[18,28828,28829],{},"no arguments",[230,28831,28832],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[230,28834,28835],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28837,28838,28839,7029],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[26,28840,28841],{"href":12923},[49,28842,13120],{},[37,28844,28846],{"id":28845},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28848,28849,28850,28852],{},"The value returned by ",[49,28851,13127],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28854,28855,28856,28859],"ol",{},[230,28857,28858],{},"the key",[230,28860,28861],{},"the value",[14,28863,511],{},[42,28865,28867],{"className":44,"code":28866,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,28868,28869,28905,28919,28923],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28870,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28872,13560],{"class":58},[52,28874,63],{"class":62},[52,28876,1799],{"class":66},[52,28878,81],{"class":73},[52,28880,78],{"class":77},[52,28882,81],{"class":73},[52,28884,84],{"class":66},[52,28886,87],{"class":73},[52,28888,5401],{"class":77},[52,28890,81],{"class":73},[52,28892,193],{"class":66},[52,28894,87],{"class":73},[52,28896,103],{"class":77},[52,28898,81],{"class":73},[52,28900,84],{"class":66},[52,28902,9684],{"class":110},[52,28904,135],{"class":66},[52,28906,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,28908,2626],{"class":58},[52,28910,63],{"class":62},[52,28912,13603],{"class":58},[52,28914,35],{"class":66},[52,28916,28688],{"class":155},[52,28918,650],{"class":66},[52,28920,28921],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,28922,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,28924,28925,28927,28929,28931],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,28926,149],{"class":148},[52,28928,152],{"class":66},[52,28930,2661],{"class":155},[52,28932,159],{"class":66},[14,28934,28935],{},[18,28936,164],{},[42,28938,28940],{"className":44,"code":28939,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('age', 25)\n",[49,28941,28942],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28943,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28945,152],{"class":66},[52,28947,177],{"class":73},[52,28949,103],{"class":77},[52,28951,177],{"class":73},[52,28953,193],{"class":66},[52,28955,9684],{"class":110},[52,28957,159],{"class":66},[14,28959,28960],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[42,28962,28964],{"className":44,"code":28963,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = person.popitem()\n",[49,28965,28966],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28967,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976,28978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28969,2626],{"class":58},[52,28971,63],{"class":62},[52,28973,13603],{"class":58},[52,28975,35],{"class":66},[52,28977,28688],{"class":155},[52,28979,650],{"class":66},[14,28981,28982],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[42,28984,28986],{"className":44,"code":28985,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[49,28987,28988],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,28989,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28991,257],{"class":58},[52,28993,193],{"class":66},[52,28995,21722],{"class":58},[52,28997,63],{"class":62},[52,28999,13603],{"class":58},[52,29001,35],{"class":66},[52,29003,28688],{"class":155},[52,29005,650],{"class":66},[37,29007,11837],{"id":11836},[14,29009,29010],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[42,29012,29014],{"className":44,"code":29013,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[49,29015,29016,29064,29068,29083,29087,29107],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29017,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29048,29050,29052,29055,29057,29059,29062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29019,1441],{"class":58},[52,29021,63],{"class":62},[52,29023,1799],{"class":66},[52,29025,81],{"class":73},[52,29027,29028],{"class":77},"Tom",[52,29030,81],{"class":73},[52,29032,84],{"class":66},[52,29034,5472],{"class":110},[52,29036,193],{"class":66},[52,29038,87],{"class":73},[52,29040,90],{"class":77},[52,29042,81],{"class":73},[52,29044,84],{"class":66},[52,29046,29047],{"class":110}," 95",[52,29049,193],{"class":66},[52,29051,87],{"class":73},[52,29053,29054],{"class":77},"Leo",[52,29056,81],{"class":73},[52,29058,84],{"class":66},[52,29060,29061],{"class":110}," 88",[52,29063,135],{"class":66},[52,29065,29066],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29067,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29069,29070,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29071,29072],{"class":58},"removed_pair ",[52,29074,63],{"class":62},[52,29076,5507],{"class":58},[52,29078,35],{"class":66},[52,29080,28688],{"class":155},[52,29082,650],{"class":66},[52,29084,29085],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,29086,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29088,29089,29091,29093,29095,29098,29100,29102,29105],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,29090,149],{"class":148},[52,29092,152],{"class":66},[52,29094,81],{"class":73},[52,29096,29097],{"class":77},"Removed:",[52,29099,81],{"class":73},[52,29101,193],{"class":66},[52,29103,29104],{"class":155}," removed_pair",[52,29106,159],{"class":66},[52,29108,29109,29111,29113,29115,29118,29120,29122,29124],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29110,149],{"class":148},[52,29112,152],{"class":66},[52,29114,81],{"class":73},[52,29116,29117],{"class":77},"After removal:",[52,29119,81],{"class":73},[52,29121,193],{"class":66},[52,29123,5507],{"class":155},[52,29125,159],{"class":66},[14,29127,29128],{},[18,29129,164],{},[42,29131,29133],{"className":44,"code":29132,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[49,29134,29135,29156],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29136,29137,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29138,29139],{"class":58},"Removed",[52,29141,84],{"class":66},[52,29143,1118],{"class":66},[52,29145,177],{"class":73},[52,29147,29054],{"class":77},[52,29149,177],{"class":73},[52,29151,193],{"class":66},[52,29153,29061],{"class":110},[52,29155,159],{"class":66},[52,29157,29158,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29159,29160],{"class":58},"After removal",[52,29162,84],{"class":66},[52,29164,1799],{"class":66},[52,29166,177],{"class":73},[52,29168,29028],{"class":77},[52,29170,177],{"class":73},[52,29172,84],{"class":66},[52,29174,5472],{"class":110},[52,29176,193],{"class":66},[52,29178,186],{"class":73},[52,29180,90],{"class":77},[52,29182,177],{"class":73},[52,29184,84],{"class":66},[52,29186,29047],{"class":110},[52,29188,135],{"class":66},[14,29190,29191,29192,29195],{},"The last inserted item was ",[49,29193,29194],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[37,29197,29199],{"id":29198},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29201,29202,29203,29205],{},"Because ",[49,29204,13127],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[42,29207,29209],{"className":44,"code":29208,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[49,29210,29211,29247,29251,29270,29274,29293,29312],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29212,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29214,521],{"class":58},[52,29216,63],{"class":62},[52,29218,1799],{"class":66},[52,29220,81],{"class":73},[52,29222,532],{"class":77},[52,29224,81],{"class":73},[52,29226,84],{"class":66},[52,29228,87],{"class":73},[52,29230,541],{"class":77},[52,29232,81],{"class":73},[52,29234,193],{"class":66},[52,29236,87],{"class":73},[52,29238,552],{"class":77},[52,29240,81],{"class":73},[52,29242,84],{"class":66},[52,29244,27047],{"class":110},[52,29246,135],{"class":66},[52,29248,29249],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29250,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29252,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29264,29266,29268],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29254,257],{"class":58},[52,29256,193],{"class":66},[52,29258,21722],{"class":58},[52,29260,63],{"class":62},[52,29262,29263],{"class":58}," book",[52,29265,35],{"class":66},[52,29267,28688],{"class":155},[52,29269,650],{"class":66},[52,29271,29272],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,29273,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29275,29276,29278,29280,29282,29285,29287,29289,29291],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,29277,149],{"class":148},[52,29279,152],{"class":66},[52,29281,81],{"class":73},[52,29283,29284],{"class":77},"Key:",[52,29286,81],{"class":73},[52,29288,193],{"class":66},[52,29290,21717],{"class":155},[52,29292,159],{"class":66},[52,29294,29295,29297,29299,29301,29304,29306,29308,29310],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29296,149],{"class":148},[52,29298,152],{"class":66},[52,29300,81],{"class":73},[52,29302,29303],{"class":77},"Value:",[52,29305,81],{"class":73},[52,29307,193],{"class":66},[52,29309,8829],{"class":155},[52,29311,159],{"class":66},[52,29313,29314,29316,29318,29320,29323,29325,29327,29329],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,29315,149],{"class":148},[52,29317,152],{"class":66},[52,29319,81],{"class":73},[52,29321,29322],{"class":77},"Dictionary:",[52,29324,81],{"class":73},[52,29326,193],{"class":66},[52,29328,29263],{"class":155},[52,29330,159],{"class":66},[14,29332,29333],{},[18,29334,164],{},[42,29336,29338],{"className":44,"code":29337,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[49,29339,29340,29350,29360],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29341,29342,29345,29347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29343,29344],{"class":58},"Key",[52,29346,84],{"class":66},[52,29348,29349],{"class":58}," pages\n",[52,29351,29352,29355,29357],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29353,29354],{"class":58},"Value",[52,29356,84],{"class":66},[52,29358,29359],{"class":110}," 200\n",[52,29361,29362,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29363,29364],{"class":58},"Dictionary",[52,29366,84],{"class":66},[52,29368,1799],{"class":66},[52,29370,177],{"class":73},[52,29372,532],{"class":77},[52,29374,177],{"class":73},[52,29376,84],{"class":66},[52,29378,186],{"class":73},[52,29380,541],{"class":77},[52,29382,177],{"class":73},[52,29384,135],{"class":66},[14,29386,29387],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[37,29389,29391],{"id":29390},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29393,29394,29395,28619,29397,35],{},"In current Python versions, ",[49,29396,13127],{},[18,29398,28622],{},[14,29400,511],{},[42,29402,29404],{"className":44,"code":29403,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[49,29405,29406,29450],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29407,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29409,616],{"class":58},[52,29411,63],{"class":62},[52,29413,1799],{"class":66},[52,29415,81],{"class":73},[52,29417,2570],{"class":77},[52,29419,81],{"class":73},[52,29421,84],{"class":66},[52,29423,5895],{"class":110},[52,29425,193],{"class":66},[52,29427,87],{"class":73},[52,29429,12102],{"class":77},[52,29431,81],{"class":73},[52,29433,84],{"class":66},[52,29435,1570],{"class":110},[52,29437,193],{"class":66},[52,29439,87],{"class":73},[52,29441,22215],{"class":77},[52,29443,81],{"class":73},[52,29445,84],{"class":66},[52,29447,2850],{"class":110},[52,29449,135],{"class":66},[52,29451,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29453,149],{"class":148},[52,29455,152],{"class":66},[52,29457,630],{"class":155},[52,29459,35],{"class":66},[52,29461,28688],{"class":155},[52,29463,2058],{"class":66},[14,29465,29466],{},[18,29467,164],{},[42,29469,29471],{"className":44,"code":29470,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('z', 3)\n",[49,29472,29473],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29474,29475,29477,29479,29481,29483,29485,29487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29476,152],{"class":66},[52,29478,177],{"class":73},[52,29480,22215],{"class":77},[52,29482,177],{"class":73},[52,29484,193],{"class":66},[52,29486,2850],{"class":110},[52,29488,159],{"class":66},[14,29490,29491],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29493,29494,29495,29497,29498,29500],{},"As a beginner, do ",[18,29496,1006],{}," think of ",[49,29499,13127],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29502,29503,29504,2203,29508,2210,29512,35],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[26,29505,29506],{"href":2213},[49,29507,2216],{},[26,29509,29510],{"href":2198},[49,29511,2202],{},[26,29513,29514],{"href":2206},[49,29515,2209],{},[37,29517,29519,29520,2262,29522],{"id":29518},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[49,29521,13127],{},[49,29523,13120],{},[14,29525,29526,2262,29528,29530],{},[49,29527,13127],{},[49,29529,13120],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[487,29532,29533],{"id":28688},[49,29534,13127],{},[227,29536,29537,29540,29543],{},[230,29538,29539],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[230,29541,29542],{},"does not need a key argument",[230,29544,4088,29545],{},[49,29546,21793],{},[487,29548,29549],{"id":26381},[49,29550,13120],{},[227,29552,29553,29556,29559],{},[230,29554,29555],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[230,29557,29558],{},"needs the key name",[230,29560,29561],{},"returns only the value",[14,29563,511],{},[42,29565,29567],{"className":44,"code":29566,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[49,29568,29569,29613,29617,29631,29651,29655,29677,29696,29700],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29570,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29572,616],{"class":58},[52,29574,63],{"class":62},[52,29576,1799],{"class":66},[52,29578,81],{"class":73},[52,29580,26],{"class":77},[52,29582,81],{"class":73},[52,29584,84],{"class":66},[52,29586,5895],{"class":110},[52,29588,193],{"class":66},[52,29590,87],{"class":73},[52,29592,5157],{"class":77},[52,29594,81],{"class":73},[52,29596,84],{"class":66},[52,29598,1570],{"class":110},[52,29600,193],{"class":66},[52,29602,87],{"class":73},[52,29604,10111],{"class":77},[52,29606,81],{"class":73},[52,29608,84],{"class":66},[52,29610,2850],{"class":110},[52,29612,135],{"class":66},[52,29614,29615],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29616,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29618,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29620,28679],{"class":58},[52,29622,63],{"class":62},[52,29624,14921],{"class":58},[52,29626,35],{"class":66},[52,29628,28688],{"class":155},[52,29630,650],{"class":66},[52,29632,29633,29635,29637,29639,29642,29644,29646,29649],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,29634,149],{"class":148},[52,29636,152],{"class":66},[52,29638,81],{"class":73},[52,29640,29641],{"class":77},"popitem():",[52,29643,81],{"class":73},[52,29645,193],{"class":66},[52,29647,29648],{"class":155}," item",[52,29650,159],{"class":66},[52,29652,29653],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,29654,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29656,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29658,2845],{"class":58},[52,29660,63],{"class":62},[52,29662,14921],{"class":58},[52,29664,35],{"class":66},[52,29666,26381],{"class":155},[52,29668,152],{"class":66},[52,29670,81],{"class":73},[52,29672,26],{"class":77},[52,29674,81],{"class":73},[52,29676,159],{"class":66},[52,29678,29679,29681,29683,29685,29688,29690,29692,29694],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,29680,149],{"class":148},[52,29682,152],{"class":66},[52,29684,81],{"class":73},[52,29686,29687],{"class":77},"pop('a'):",[52,29689,81],{"class":73},[52,29691,193],{"class":66},[52,29693,8829],{"class":155},[52,29695,159],{"class":66},[52,29697,29698],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,29699,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29701,29702,29704,29706,29708],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,29703,149],{"class":148},[52,29705,152],{"class":66},[52,29707,630],{"class":155},[52,29709,159],{"class":66},[14,29711,29712],{},[18,29713,164],{},[42,29715,29717],{"className":44,"code":29716,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[49,29718,29719,29740,29757],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29720,29721,29723,29726,29728,29730,29732,29734,29736,29738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29722,28688],{"class":155},[52,29724,29725],{"class":66},"():",[52,29727,1118],{"class":66},[52,29729,177],{"class":73},[52,29731,10111],{"class":77},[52,29733,177],{"class":73},[52,29735,193],{"class":66},[52,29737,2850],{"class":110},[52,29739,159],{"class":66},[52,29741,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29743,26381],{"class":155},[52,29745,152],{"class":66},[52,29747,177],{"class":73},[52,29749,26],{"class":77},[52,29751,177],{"class":73},[52,29753,1573],{"class":66},[52,29755,29756],{"class":110}," 1\n",[52,29758,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29760,174],{"class":66},[52,29762,177],{"class":73},[52,29764,5157],{"class":77},[52,29766,177],{"class":73},[52,29768,84],{"class":66},[52,29770,1570],{"class":110},[52,29772,135],{"class":66},[14,29774,340,29775,29779],{},[26,29776,29777],{"href":12923},[49,29778,13120],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29781,340,29782,29784],{},[49,29783,13127],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[37,29786,29788],{"id":29787},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29790,29791,29792,29794],{},"Calling ",[49,29793,13127],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[42,29796,29798],{"className":44,"code":29797,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[49,29799,29800,29808],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29801,29802,29804,29806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29803,616],{"class":58},[52,29805,63],{"class":62},[52,29807,621],{"class":66},[52,29809,29810,29812,29814,29816],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29811,630],{"class":58},[52,29813,35],{"class":66},[52,29815,28688],{"class":155},[52,29817,650],{"class":66},[14,29819,29820],{},[18,29821,29822],{},"Error:",[42,29824,29826],{"className":44,"code":29825,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[49,29827,29828],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29829,29830,29832,29834,29836,29839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29831,19824],{"class":646},[52,29833,84],{"class":66},[52,29835,186],{"class":73},[52,29837,29838],{"class":77},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29840,29841],{"class":73},"'\n",[487,29843,29845],{"id":29844},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[42,29847,29849],{"className":44,"code":29848,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[49,29850,29851,29859,29863,29871,29886,29896,29902],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29852,29853,29855,29857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29854,616],{"class":58},[52,29856,63],{"class":62},[52,29858,621],{"class":66},[52,29860,29861],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29862,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29864,29865,29867,29869],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29866,7395],{"class":4272},[52,29868,14921],{"class":58},[52,29870,6792],{"class":66},[52,29872,29873,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,29874,29875],{"class":58},"    item ",[52,29877,63],{"class":62},[52,29879,14921],{"class":58},[52,29881,35],{"class":66},[52,29883,28688],{"class":155},[52,29885,650],{"class":66},[52,29887,29888,29890,29892,29894],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,29889,8463],{"class":148},[52,29891,152],{"class":66},[52,29893,23449],{"class":155},[52,29895,159],{"class":66},[52,29897,29898,29900],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29899,27574],{"class":4272},[52,29901,6792],{"class":66},[52,29903,29904,29906,29908,29910,29913,29915],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,29905,8463],{"class":148},[52,29907,152],{"class":66},[52,29909,81],{"class":73},[52,29911,29912],{"class":77},"Dictionary is empty",[52,29914,81],{"class":73},[52,29916,159],{"class":66},[487,29918,29920,29921],{"id":29919},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[49,29922,29923],{},"try-except",[42,29925,29927],{"className":44,"code":29926,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[49,29928,29929,29937,29941,29948,29962,29972,29982],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,29930,29931,29933,29935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29932,616],{"class":58},[52,29934,63],{"class":62},[52,29936,621],{"class":66},[52,29938,29939],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,29940,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,29942,29943,29946],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,29944,29945],{"class":4272},"try",[52,29947,6792],{"class":66},[52,29949,29950,29952,29954,29956,29958,29960],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,29951,29875],{"class":58},[52,29953,63],{"class":62},[52,29955,14921],{"class":58},[52,29957,35],{"class":66},[52,29959,28688],{"class":155},[52,29961,650],{"class":66},[52,29963,29964,29966,29968,29970],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,29965,8463],{"class":148},[52,29967,152],{"class":66},[52,29969,23449],{"class":155},[52,29971,159],{"class":66},[52,29973,29974,29977,29980],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,29975,29976],{"class":4272},"except",[52,29978,29979],{"class":646}," KeyError",[52,29981,6792],{"class":66},[52,29983,29984,29986,29988,29990,29993,29995],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,29985,8463],{"class":148},[52,29987,152],{"class":66},[52,29989,81],{"class":73},[52,29991,29992],{"class":77},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[52,29994,81],{"class":73},[52,29996,159],{"class":66},[14,29998,29999,30000,35],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[26,30001,25819,30003],{"href":30002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[49,30004,30005],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[37,30007,5358,30009],{"id":30008},"when-to-use-popitem",[49,30010,13127],{},[14,30012,30013,30015],{},[49,30014,13127],{}," is useful when:",[227,30017,30018,30021,30024],{},[230,30019,30020],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[230,30022,30023],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[230,30025,30026],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30028,30029],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[42,30031,30033],{"className":44,"code":30032,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[49,30034,30035,30044,30064,30084,30102,30106,30110,30120,30139],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30036,30037,30040,30042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30038,30039],{"class":58},"tasks ",[52,30041,63],{"class":62},[52,30043,67],{"class":66},[52,30045,30046,30048,30051,30053,30055,30057,30060,30062],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30047,74],{"class":73},[52,30049,30050],{"class":77},"first",[52,30052,81],{"class":73},[52,30054,84],{"class":66},[52,30056,87],{"class":73},[52,30058,30059],{"class":77},"wash dishes",[52,30061,81],{"class":73},[52,30063,95],{"class":66},[52,30065,30066,30068,30071,30073,30075,30077,30080,30082],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30067,74],{"class":73},[52,30069,30070],{"class":77},"second",[52,30072,81],{"class":73},[52,30074,84],{"class":66},[52,30076,87],{"class":73},[52,30078,30079],{"class":77},"do homework",[52,30081,81],{"class":73},[52,30083,95],{"class":66},[52,30085,30086,30088,30091,30093,30095,30097,30100],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,30087,74],{"class":73},[52,30089,30090],{"class":77},"third",[52,30092,81],{"class":73},[52,30094,84],{"class":66},[52,30096,87],{"class":73},[52,30098,30099],{"class":77},"read book",[52,30101,297],{"class":73},[52,30103,30104],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,30105,135],{"class":66},[52,30107,30108],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,30109,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,30111,30112,30115,30118],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,30113,30114],{"class":4272},"while",[52,30116,30117],{"class":58}," tasks",[52,30119,6792],{"class":66},[52,30121,30122,30125,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,30123,30124],{"class":58},"    key",[52,30126,193],{"class":66},[52,30128,21722],{"class":58},[52,30130,63],{"class":62},[52,30132,30117],{"class":58},[52,30134,35],{"class":66},[52,30136,28688],{"class":155},[52,30138,650],{"class":66},[52,30140,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,30142,8463],{"class":148},[52,30144,152],{"class":66},[52,30146,22432],{"class":774},[52,30148,81],{"class":77},[52,30150,174],{"class":110},[52,30152,257],{"class":155},[52,30154,22441],{"class":110},[52,30156,22444],{"class":77},[52,30158,174],{"class":110},[52,30160,263],{"class":155},[52,30162,22441],{"class":110},[52,30164,81],{"class":77},[52,30166,159],{"class":66},[14,30168,30169],{},[18,30170,30171],{},"Possible output:",[42,30173,30175],{"className":44,"code":30174,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[49,30176,30177,30186,30195],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30178,30179,30181,30183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30180,30090],{"class":58},[52,30182,84],{"class":66},[52,30184,30185],{"class":58}," read book\n",[52,30187,30188,30190,30192],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30189,30070],{"class":58},[52,30191,84],{"class":66},[52,30193,30194],{"class":58}," do homework\n",[52,30196,30197,30199,30201],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30198,30050],{"class":58},[52,30200,84],{"class":66},[52,30202,30203],{"class":58}," wash dishes\n",[14,30205,29202,30206,30208],{},[49,30207,13127],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[37,30210,1743],{"id":1742},[14,30212,15088,30213,84],{},[49,30214,13127],{},[227,30216,30217,30231,30250,30261],{},[230,30218,30219,30224],{},[18,30220,29791,30221,30223],{},[49,30222,13127],{}," on an empty dictionary",[227,30225,30226],{},[230,30227,30228,30229,35],{},"This raises ",[49,30230,19824],{},[230,30232,30233,30238],{},[18,30234,8849,30235,30237],{},[49,30236,13127],{}," to remove a specific key",[227,30239,30240,30243],{},[230,30241,30242],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[230,30244,340,30245,30249],{},[26,30246,30247],{"href":12923},[49,30248,13120],{}," if you need that.",[230,30251,30252,30256],{},[18,30253,5100,30254,27840],{},[49,30255,13127],{},[227,30257,30258],{},[230,30259,30260],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[230,30262,30263,30266],{},[18,30264,30265],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[227,30267,30268],{},[230,30269,30270,22113,30272,30274],{},[49,30271,13127],{},[49,30273,21793],{}," tuple.",[14,30276,30277],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[42,30279,30281],{"className":44,"code":30280,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[49,30282,30283,30293,30307,30311,30325],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30284,30285,30287,30289,30291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30286,149],{"class":148},[52,30288,152],{"class":66},[52,30290,739],{"class":155},[52,30292,159],{"class":66},[52,30294,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30296,149],{"class":148},[52,30298,152],{"class":66},[52,30300,2082],{"class":148},[52,30302,152],{"class":66},[52,30304,739],{"class":155},[52,30306,742],{"class":66},[52,30308,30309],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30310,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,30312,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,30314,28679],{"class":58},[52,30316,63],{"class":62},[52,30318,12123],{"class":58},[52,30320,35],{"class":66},[52,30322,28688],{"class":155},[52,30324,650],{"class":66},[52,30326,30327,30329,30331,30333],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,30328,149],{"class":148},[52,30330,152],{"class":66},[52,30332,23449],{"class":155},[52,30334,159],{"class":66},[14,30336,30337],{},"Or with unpacking:",[42,30339,30341],{"className":44,"code":30340,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[49,30342,30343,30361,30371],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30344,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30346,257],{"class":58},[52,30348,193],{"class":66},[52,30350,21722],{"class":58},[52,30352,63],{"class":62},[52,30354,12123],{"class":58},[52,30356,35],{"class":66},[52,30358,28688],{"class":155},[52,30360,650],{"class":66},[52,30362,30363,30365,30367,30369],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30364,149],{"class":148},[52,30366,152],{"class":66},[52,30368,257],{"class":155},[52,30370,159],{"class":66},[52,30372,30373,30375,30377,30379],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30374,149],{"class":148},[52,30376,152],{"class":66},[52,30378,263],{"class":155},[52,30380,159],{"class":66},[37,30382,2220],{"id":2219},[487,30384,5539,30386,5542],{"id":30385},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[49,30387,13127],{},[14,30389,30390,30391,35],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[49,30392,30393],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[487,30395,13061,30397,30399],{"id":30396},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[49,30398,13127],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30401,30402],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[487,30404,30406,30407,30409],{"id":30405},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[49,30408,13127],{}," removes?",[14,30411,30412,30413,30417],{},"No. Use ",[26,30414,30415],{"href":12923},[49,30416,13120],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[487,30419,13061,30421,15250],{"id":30420},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[49,30422,13127],{},[14,30424,30425],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[487,30427,30429,30430,30432],{"id":30428},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[49,30431,13127],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30434,30435,30436,30438,30439,35],{},"It raises ",[49,30437,19824],{}," with the message ",[49,30440,29838],{},[37,30442,2277],{"id":2276},[227,30444,30445,30452,30458,30464,30470,30477,30481,30485],{},[230,30446,30447],{},[26,30448,30449,30451],{"href":12923},[49,30450,13120],{}," method for dictionaries",[230,30453,30454],{},[26,30455,30456,30451],{"href":2213},[49,30457,2216],{},[230,30459,30460],{},[26,30461,30462,30451],{"href":2198},[49,30463,2202],{},[230,30465,30466],{},[26,30467,30468,30451],{"href":2206},[49,30469,2209],{},[230,30471,30472],{},[26,30473,30475,30451],{"href":30474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[49,30476,11683],{},[230,30478,30479],{},[26,30480,13144],{"href":12930},[230,30482,30483],{},[26,30484,21595],{"href":1724},[230,30486,30487],{},[26,30488,30489,30490],{"href":30002},"Fix ",[49,30491,30005],{},[2315,30493,30494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":30496},[30497,30498,30500,30501,30502,30503,30504,30505,30510,30515,30517,30518,30530],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":28775,"depth":70,"text":30499},"What popitem() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":28845,"depth":70,"text":28846},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":29198,"depth":70,"text":29199},{"id":29390,"depth":70,"text":29391},{"id":29518,"depth":70,"text":30506,"children":30507},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30508,30509],{"id":28688,"depth":98,"text":13127},{"id":26381,"depth":98,"text":13120},{"id":29787,"depth":70,"text":29788,"children":30511},[30512,30513],{"id":29844,"depth":98,"text":29845},{"id":29919,"depth":98,"text":30514},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30008,"depth":70,"text":30516},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":30519},[30520,30522,30524,30526,30528],{"id":30385,"depth":98,"text":30521},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30396,"depth":98,"text":30523},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30405,"depth":98,"text":30525},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30420,"depth":98,"text":30527},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30428,"depth":98,"text":30529},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28514,"description":30531},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30538,"title":30539,"body":30540,"description":32443,"extension":2357,"meta":32444,"navigation":141,"path":14387,"seo":32445,"stem":32446,"__hash__":32447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30541,"toc":32415},[30542,30547,30552,30555,30557,30654,30659,30664,30669,30672,30680,30683,30698,30700,30800,30802,30859,30863,30865,30868,30888,30893,30904,30907,30934,30937,30939,30996,30998,31019,31025,31030,31033,31044,31046,31154,31156,31209,31211,31223,31230,31236,31241,31244,31332,31334,31379,31382,31390,31393,31396,31465,31468,31471,31475,31478,31549,31551,31604,31607,31610,31613,31628,31631,31643,31646,31709,31711,31717,31719,31721,31800,31802,31843,31845,31910,31912,31949,31954,31959,31963,31977,31980,32103,32105,32190,32195,32197,32201,32223,32226,32306,32309,32328,32333,32335,32341,32346,32352,32355,32361,32364,32370,32375,32381,32387,32389,32412],[10,30543,11680,30545,11684],{"id":30544},"python-dictionary-update-method",[49,30546,15308],{},[14,30548,2374,30549,30551],{},[49,30550,15308],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30553,30554],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[37,30556,40],{"id":39},[42,30558,30560],{"className":44,"code":30559,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[49,30561,30562,30598,30639,30649],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30563,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30565,13560],{"class":58},[52,30567,63],{"class":62},[52,30569,1799],{"class":66},[52,30571,81],{"class":73},[52,30573,78],{"class":77},[52,30575,81],{"class":73},[52,30577,84],{"class":66},[52,30579,87],{"class":73},[52,30581,90],{"class":77},[52,30583,81],{"class":73},[52,30585,193],{"class":66},[52,30587,87],{"class":73},[52,30589,103],{"class":77},[52,30591,81],{"class":73},[52,30593,84],{"class":66},[52,30595,111],{"class":110},[52,30597,135],{"class":66},[52,30599,30600,30602,30604,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30601,17442],{"class":58},[52,30603,35],{"class":66},[52,30605,30606],{"class":155},"update",[52,30608,5927],{"class":66},[52,30610,81],{"class":73},[52,30612,103],{"class":77},[52,30614,81],{"class":73},[52,30616,84],{"class":66},[52,30618,30619],{"class":110}," 21",[52,30621,193],{"class":66},[52,30623,87],{"class":73},[52,30625,1137],{"class":77},[52,30627,81],{"class":73},[52,30629,84],{"class":66},[52,30631,87],{"class":73},[52,30633,1146],{"class":77},[52,30635,81],{"class":73},[52,30637,30638],{"class":66},"})\n",[52,30640,30641,30643,30645,30647],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30642,149],{"class":148},[52,30644,152],{"class":66},[52,30646,17442],{"class":155},[52,30648,159],{"class":66},[52,30650,30651],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,30652,30653],{"class":1017},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30655,340,30656,30658],{},[49,30657,15308],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[37,30660,4073,30662,4076],{"id":30661},"what-update-does",[49,30663,15308],{},[14,30665,30666,30668],{},[49,30667,15308],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30670,30671],{},"It can do two main things:",[227,30673,30674,30677],{},[230,30675,30676],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[230,30678,30679],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30681,30682],{},"Important things to know:",[227,30684,30685,30688,30691,30695],{},[230,30686,30687],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[230,30689,30690],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[230,30692,5545,30693],{},[49,30694,4175],{},[230,30696,30697],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30699,511],{},[42,30701,30703],{"className":44,"code":30702,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[49,30704,30705,30747,30790],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30706,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30743,30745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30708,59],{"class":58},[52,30710,63],{"class":62},[52,30712,1799],{"class":66},[52,30714,81],{"class":73},[52,30716,78],{"class":77},[52,30718,81],{"class":73},[52,30720,84],{"class":66},[52,30722,87],{"class":73},[52,30724,30725],{"class":77},"Mira",[52,30727,81],{"class":73},[52,30729,193],{"class":66},[52,30731,87],{"class":73},[52,30733,20028],{"class":77},[52,30735,81],{"class":73},[52,30737,84],{"class":66},[52,30739,87],{"class":73},[52,30741,30742],{"class":77},"B",[52,30744,81],{"class":73},[52,30746,135],{"class":66},[52,30748,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30786,30788],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30750,156],{"class":58},[52,30752,35],{"class":66},[52,30754,30606],{"class":155},[52,30756,5927],{"class":66},[52,30758,81],{"class":73},[52,30760,20028],{"class":77},[52,30762,81],{"class":73},[52,30764,84],{"class":66},[52,30766,87],{"class":73},[52,30768,22383],{"class":77},[52,30770,81],{"class":73},[52,30772,193],{"class":66},[52,30774,87],{"class":73},[52,30776,1137],{"class":77},[52,30778,81],{"class":73},[52,30780,84],{"class":66},[52,30782,87],{"class":73},[52,30784,30785],{"class":77},"Quito",[52,30787,81],{"class":73},[52,30789,30638],{"class":66},[52,30791,30792,30794,30796,30798],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30793,149],{"class":148},[52,30795,152],{"class":66},[52,30797,156],{"class":155},[52,30799,159],{"class":66},[14,30801,164],{},[42,30803,30805],{"className":44,"code":30804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[49,30806,30807],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30808,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30810,174],{"class":66},[52,30812,177],{"class":73},[52,30814,78],{"class":77},[52,30816,177],{"class":73},[52,30818,84],{"class":66},[52,30820,186],{"class":73},[52,30822,30725],{"class":77},[52,30824,177],{"class":73},[52,30826,193],{"class":66},[52,30828,186],{"class":73},[52,30830,20028],{"class":77},[52,30832,177],{"class":73},[52,30834,84],{"class":66},[52,30836,186],{"class":73},[52,30838,22383],{"class":77},[52,30840,177],{"class":73},[52,30842,193],{"class":66},[52,30844,186],{"class":73},[52,30846,1137],{"class":77},[52,30848,177],{"class":73},[52,30850,84],{"class":66},[52,30852,186],{"class":73},[52,30854,30785],{"class":77},[52,30856,177],{"class":73},[52,30858,135],{"class":66},[14,30860,9545,30861,35],{},[26,30862,24767],{"href":9768},[37,30864,2553],{"id":2552},[14,30866,30867],{},"The basic form is:",[42,30869,30871],{"className":44,"code":30870,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[49,30872,30873],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30874,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30876,688],{"class":58},[52,30878,35],{"class":66},[52,30880,30606],{"class":155},[52,30882,152],{"class":66},[52,30884,30885],{"class":155},"other",[52,30887,159],{"class":66},[14,30889,30890,30892],{},[49,30891,30885],{}," can be:",[227,30894,30895,30898,30901],{},[230,30896,30897],{},"Another dictionary",[230,30899,30900],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[230,30902,30903],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30905,30906],{},"You can also use:",[42,30908,30910],{"className":44,"code":30909,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[49,30911,30912],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30913,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30915,688],{"class":58},[52,30917,35],{"class":66},[52,30919,30606],{"class":155},[52,30921,152],{"class":66},[52,30923,78],{"class":834},[52,30925,63],{"class":62},[52,30927,81],{"class":73},[52,30929,976],{"class":77},[52,30931,81],{"class":73},[52,30933,159],{"class":66},[14,30935,30936],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30938,511],{},[42,30940,30942],{"className":44,"code":30941,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[49,30943,30944,30964,30986],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,30945,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30947,616],{"class":58},[52,30949,63],{"class":62},[52,30951,1799],{"class":66},[52,30953,81],{"class":73},[52,30955,26],{"class":77},[52,30957,81],{"class":73},[52,30959,84],{"class":66},[52,30961,5895],{"class":110},[52,30963,135],{"class":66},[52,30965,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,30967,630],{"class":58},[52,30969,35],{"class":66},[52,30971,30606],{"class":155},[52,30973,5927],{"class":66},[52,30975,81],{"class":73},[52,30977,26],{"class":77},[52,30979,81],{"class":73},[52,30981,84],{"class":66},[52,30983,6403],{"class":110},[52,30985,30638],{"class":66},[52,30987,30988,30990,30992,30994],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,30989,149],{"class":148},[52,30991,152],{"class":66},[52,30993,630],{"class":155},[52,30995,159],{"class":66},[14,30997,164],{},[42,30999,31001],{"className":44,"code":31000,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a': 10}\n",[49,31002,31003],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31004,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31006,174],{"class":66},[52,31008,177],{"class":73},[52,31010,26],{"class":77},[52,31012,177],{"class":73},[52,31014,84],{"class":66},[52,31016,6403],{"class":110},[52,31018,135],{"class":66},[37,31020,8813,31022,31024],{"id":31021},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[49,31023,15308],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31026,31027,31028,35],{},"This is the most common use of ",[49,31029,15308],{},[14,31031,31032],{},"It is useful when:",[227,31034,31035,31038,31041],{},[230,31036,31037],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[230,31039,31040],{},"Adding extra settings",[230,31042,31043],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31045,511],{},[42,31047,31049],{"className":44,"code":31048,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[49,31050,31051,31088,31125,31129,31144],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31052,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31054,14181],{"class":58},[52,31056,63],{"class":62},[52,31058,1799],{"class":66},[52,31060,81],{"class":73},[52,31062,12852],{"class":77},[52,31064,81],{"class":73},[52,31066,84],{"class":66},[52,31068,87],{"class":73},[52,31070,21065],{"class":77},[52,31072,81],{"class":73},[52,31074,193],{"class":66},[52,31076,87],{"class":73},[52,31078,14206],{"class":77},[52,31080,81],{"class":73},[52,31082,84],{"class":66},[52,31084,31085],{"class":110}," 12",[52,31087,135],{"class":66},[52,31089,31090,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31091,31092],{"class":58},"new_settings ",[52,31094,63],{"class":62},[52,31096,1799],{"class":66},[52,31098,81],{"class":73},[52,31100,14206],{"class":77},[52,31102,81],{"class":73},[52,31104,84],{"class":66},[52,31106,14213],{"class":110},[52,31108,193],{"class":66},[52,31110,87],{"class":73},[52,31112,20260],{"class":77},[52,31114,81],{"class":73},[52,31116,84],{"class":66},[52,31118,87],{"class":73},[52,31120,20294],{"class":77},[52,31122,81],{"class":73},[52,31124,135],{"class":66},[52,31126,31127],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31128,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,31130,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31142],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,31132,1617],{"class":58},[52,31134,35],{"class":66},[52,31136,30606],{"class":155},[52,31138,152],{"class":66},[52,31140,31141],{"class":155},"new_settings",[52,31143,159],{"class":66},[52,31145,31146,31148,31150,31152],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,31147,149],{"class":148},[52,31149,152],{"class":66},[52,31151,1617],{"class":155},[52,31153,159],{"class":66},[14,31155,164],{},[42,31157,31159],{"className":44,"code":31158,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[49,31160,31161],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31162,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31164,174],{"class":66},[52,31166,177],{"class":73},[52,31168,12852],{"class":77},[52,31170,177],{"class":73},[52,31172,84],{"class":66},[52,31174,186],{"class":73},[52,31176,21065],{"class":77},[52,31178,177],{"class":73},[52,31180,193],{"class":66},[52,31182,186],{"class":73},[52,31184,14206],{"class":77},[52,31186,177],{"class":73},[52,31188,84],{"class":66},[52,31190,14213],{"class":110},[52,31192,193],{"class":66},[52,31194,186],{"class":73},[52,31196,20260],{"class":77},[52,31198,177],{"class":73},[52,31200,84],{"class":66},[52,31202,186],{"class":73},[52,31204,20294],{"class":77},[52,31206,177],{"class":73},[52,31208,135],{"class":66},[14,31210,13765],{},[227,31212,31213,31218],{},[230,31214,31215,31217],{},[49,31216,14206],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[230,31219,31220,31222],{},[49,31221,20260],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31224,31225,31226,35],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[26,31227,31229],{"href":31228},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[37,31231,8813,31233,31235],{"id":31232},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[49,31234,15308],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31237,31238,31240],{},[49,31239,15308],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31242,31243],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[42,31245,31247],{"className":44,"code":31246,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[49,31248,31249,31269,31304,31308,31322],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31250,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31252,1441],{"class":58},[52,31254,63],{"class":62},[52,31256,1799],{"class":66},[52,31258,81],{"class":73},[52,31260,18553],{"class":77},[52,31262,81],{"class":73},[52,31264,84],{"class":66},[52,31266,20035],{"class":110},[52,31268,135],{"class":66},[52,31270,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31296,31298,31300,31302],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31272,1093],{"class":58},[52,31274,63],{"class":62},[52,31276,1098],{"class":66},[52,31278,81],{"class":73},[52,31280,18562],{"class":77},[52,31282,81],{"class":73},[52,31284,193],{"class":66},[52,31286,13863],{"class":110},[52,31288,1115],{"class":66},[52,31290,1118],{"class":66},[52,31292,81],{"class":73},[52,31294,31295],{"class":77},"english",[52,31297,81],{"class":73},[52,31299,193],{"class":66},[52,31301,29061],{"class":110},[52,31303,1151],{"class":66},[52,31305,31306],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31307,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,31309,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,31311,1508],{"class":58},[52,31313,35],{"class":66},[52,31315,30606],{"class":155},[52,31317,152],{"class":66},[52,31319,1168],{"class":155},[52,31321,159],{"class":66},[52,31323,31324,31326,31328,31330],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,31325,149],{"class":148},[52,31327,152],{"class":66},[52,31329,1508],{"class":155},[52,31331,159],{"class":66},[14,31333,164],{},[42,31335,31337],{"className":44,"code":31336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[49,31338,31339],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31340,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31342,174],{"class":66},[52,31344,177],{"class":73},[52,31346,18553],{"class":77},[52,31348,177],{"class":73},[52,31350,84],{"class":66},[52,31352,20035],{"class":110},[52,31354,193],{"class":66},[52,31356,186],{"class":73},[52,31358,18562],{"class":77},[52,31360,177],{"class":73},[52,31362,84],{"class":66},[52,31364,13863],{"class":110},[52,31366,193],{"class":66},[52,31368,186],{"class":73},[52,31370,31295],{"class":77},[52,31372,177],{"class":73},[52,31374,84],{"class":66},[52,31376,29061],{"class":110},[52,31378,135],{"class":66},[14,31380,31381],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[227,31383,31384,31387],{},[230,31385,31386],{},"The key",[230,31388,31389],{},"The value",[14,31391,31392],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31394,31395],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[42,31397,31399],{"className":44,"code":31398,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[49,31400,31401,31421,31446,31450],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31402,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31404,616],{"class":58},[52,31406,63],{"class":62},[52,31408,1799],{"class":66},[52,31410,81],{"class":73},[52,31412,26],{"class":77},[52,31414,81],{"class":73},[52,31416,84],{"class":66},[52,31418,5895],{"class":110},[52,31420,135],{"class":66},[52,31422,31423,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31424,31425],{"class":58},"bad_pairs ",[52,31427,63],{"class":62},[52,31429,1098],{"class":66},[52,31431,81],{"class":73},[52,31433,5157],{"class":77},[52,31435,81],{"class":73},[52,31437,193],{"class":66},[52,31439,1570],{"class":110},[52,31441,193],{"class":66},[52,31443,2850],{"class":110},[52,31445,1151],{"class":66},[52,31447,31448],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31449,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,31451,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31463],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,31453,630],{"class":58},[52,31455,35],{"class":66},[52,31457,30606],{"class":155},[52,31459,152],{"class":66},[52,31461,31462],{"class":155},"bad_pairs",[52,31464,159],{"class":66},[14,31466,31467],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31469,31470],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[37,31472,31474],{"id":31473},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31476,31477],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[42,31479,31481],{"className":44,"code":31480,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[49,31482,31483,31507,31539],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31484,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31486,961],{"class":58},[52,31488,63],{"class":62},[52,31490,1799],{"class":66},[52,31492,81],{"class":73},[52,31494,78],{"class":77},[52,31496,81],{"class":73},[52,31498,84],{"class":66},[52,31500,87],{"class":73},[52,31502,29054],{"class":77},[52,31504,81],{"class":73},[52,31506,135],{"class":66},[52,31508,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31528,31530,31532,31535,31537],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31510,998],{"class":58},[52,31512,35],{"class":66},[52,31514,30606],{"class":155},[52,31516,152],{"class":66},[52,31518,103],{"class":834},[52,31520,63],{"class":62},[52,31522,987],{"class":110},[52,31524,193],{"class":66},[52,31526,31527],{"class":834}," city",[52,31529,63],{"class":62},[52,31531,81],{"class":73},[52,31533,31534],{"class":77},"Madrid",[52,31536,81],{"class":73},[52,31538,159],{"class":66},[52,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31542,149],{"class":148},[52,31544,152],{"class":66},[52,31546,998],{"class":155},[52,31548,159],{"class":66},[14,31550,164],{},[42,31552,31554],{"className":44,"code":31553,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[49,31555,31556],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31557,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31559,174],{"class":66},[52,31561,177],{"class":73},[52,31563,78],{"class":77},[52,31565,177],{"class":73},[52,31567,84],{"class":66},[52,31569,186],{"class":73},[52,31571,29054],{"class":77},[52,31573,177],{"class":73},[52,31575,193],{"class":66},[52,31577,186],{"class":73},[52,31579,103],{"class":77},[52,31581,177],{"class":73},[52,31583,84],{"class":66},[52,31585,9684],{"class":110},[52,31587,193],{"class":66},[52,31589,186],{"class":73},[52,31591,1137],{"class":77},[52,31593,177],{"class":73},[52,31595,84],{"class":66},[52,31597,186],{"class":73},[52,31599,31534],{"class":77},[52,31601,177],{"class":73},[52,31603,135],{"class":66},[14,31605,31606],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31608,31609],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31611,31612],{},"These work:",[227,31614,31615,31619,31623],{},[230,31616,31617],{},[49,31618,103],{},[230,31620,31621],{},[49,31622,1137],{},[230,31624,31625],{},[49,31626,31627],{},"first_name",[14,31629,31630],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[227,31632,31633,31638],{},[230,31634,31635],{},[49,31636,31637],{},"\"first name\"",[230,31639,31640],{},[49,31641,31642],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31644,31645],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[42,31647,31649],{"className":44,"code":31648,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[49,31650,31651,31659,31699],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31652,31653,31655,31657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31654,961],{"class":58},[52,31656,63],{"class":62},[52,31658,621],{"class":66},[52,31660,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31690,31692,31694,31697],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31662,998],{"class":58},[52,31664,35],{"class":66},[52,31666,30606],{"class":155},[52,31668,5927],{"class":66},[52,31670,81],{"class":73},[52,31672,10881],{"class":77},[52,31674,81],{"class":73},[52,31676,84],{"class":66},[52,31678,87],{"class":73},[52,31680,29054],{"class":77},[52,31682,81],{"class":73},[52,31684,193],{"class":66},[52,31686,87],{"class":73},[52,31688,31689],{"class":77},"user-id",[52,31691,81],{"class":73},[52,31693,84],{"class":66},[52,31695,31696],{"class":110}," 1001",[52,31698,30638],{"class":66},[52,31700,31701,31703,31705,31707],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31702,149],{"class":148},[52,31704,152],{"class":66},[52,31706,998],{"class":155},[52,31708,159],{"class":66},[37,31710,17554],{"id":17553},[14,31712,31713,2795,31715,35],{},[49,31714,15308],{},[49,31716,4175],{},[14,31718,14403],{},[14,31720,24847],{},[42,31722,31724],{"className":44,"code":31723,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[49,31725,31726,31750,31776,31780,31790],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31727,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31729,13560],{"class":58},[52,31731,63],{"class":62},[52,31733,1799],{"class":66},[52,31735,81],{"class":73},[52,31737,78],{"class":77},[52,31739,81],{"class":73},[52,31741,84],{"class":66},[52,31743,87],{"class":73},[52,31745,90],{"class":77},[52,31747,81],{"class":73},[52,31749,135],{"class":66},[52,31751,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31753,2626],{"class":58},[52,31755,63],{"class":62},[52,31757,13603],{"class":58},[52,31759,35],{"class":66},[52,31761,30606],{"class":155},[52,31763,5927],{"class":66},[52,31765,81],{"class":73},[52,31767,103],{"class":77},[52,31769,81],{"class":73},[52,31771,84],{"class":66},[52,31773,111],{"class":110},[52,31775,30638],{"class":66},[52,31777,31778],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31779,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,31781,31782,31784,31786,31788],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,31783,149],{"class":148},[52,31785,152],{"class":66},[52,31787,2661],{"class":155},[52,31789,159],{"class":66},[52,31791,31792,31794,31796,31798],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,31793,149],{"class":148},[52,31795,152],{"class":66},[52,31797,17442],{"class":155},[52,31799,159],{"class":66},[14,31801,164],{},[42,31803,31805],{"className":44,"code":31804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[49,31806,31807,31811],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31808,31809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31810,12165],{"class":128},[52,31812,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31814,174],{"class":66},[52,31816,177],{"class":73},[52,31818,78],{"class":77},[52,31820,177],{"class":73},[52,31822,84],{"class":66},[52,31824,186],{"class":73},[52,31826,90],{"class":77},[52,31828,177],{"class":73},[52,31830,193],{"class":66},[52,31832,186],{"class":73},[52,31834,103],{"class":77},[52,31836,177],{"class":73},[52,31838,84],{"class":66},[52,31840,111],{"class":110},[52,31842,135],{"class":66},[14,31844,1785],{},[42,31846,31848],{"className":44,"code":31847,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[49,31849,31850,31874,31896,31900],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31851,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31853,13560],{"class":58},[52,31855,63],{"class":62},[52,31857,1799],{"class":66},[52,31859,81],{"class":73},[52,31861,78],{"class":77},[52,31863,81],{"class":73},[52,31865,84],{"class":66},[52,31867,87],{"class":73},[52,31869,90],{"class":77},[52,31871,81],{"class":73},[52,31873,135],{"class":66},[52,31875,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,31877,17442],{"class":58},[52,31879,35],{"class":66},[52,31881,30606],{"class":155},[52,31883,5927],{"class":66},[52,31885,81],{"class":73},[52,31887,103],{"class":77},[52,31889,81],{"class":73},[52,31891,84],{"class":66},[52,31893,111],{"class":110},[52,31895,30638],{"class":66},[52,31897,31898],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,31899,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,31901,31902,31904,31906,31908],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,31903,149],{"class":148},[52,31905,152],{"class":66},[52,31907,17442],{"class":155},[52,31909,159],{"class":66},[14,31911,164],{},[42,31913,31915],{"className":44,"code":31914,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[49,31916,31917],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31918,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31920,174],{"class":66},[52,31922,177],{"class":73},[52,31924,78],{"class":77},[52,31926,177],{"class":73},[52,31928,84],{"class":66},[52,31930,186],{"class":73},[52,31932,90],{"class":77},[52,31934,177],{"class":73},[52,31936,193],{"class":66},[52,31938,186],{"class":73},[52,31940,103],{"class":77},[52,31942,177],{"class":73},[52,31944,84],{"class":66},[52,31946,111],{"class":110},[52,31948,135],{"class":66},[14,31950,31951,31952,35],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[26,31953,18040],{"href":2297},[37,31955,5358,31957],{"id":31956},"when-to-use-update",[49,31958,15308],{},[14,31960,340,31961,10970],{},[49,31962,15308],{},[227,31964,31965,31968,31971,31974],{},[230,31966,31967],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[230,31969,31970],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[230,31972,31973],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[230,31975,31976],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31978,31979],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[42,31981,31983],{"className":44,"code":31982,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[49,31984,31985,32021,32036,32040,32079,32083,32093],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,31986,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31988,12443],{"class":58},[52,31990,63],{"class":62},[52,31992,1799],{"class":66},[52,31994,81],{"class":73},[52,31996,78],{"class":77},[52,31998,81],{"class":73},[52,32000,84],{"class":66},[52,32002,87],{"class":73},[52,32004,90],{"class":77},[52,32006,81],{"class":73},[52,32008,193],{"class":66},[52,32010,87],{"class":73},[52,32012,103],{"class":77},[52,32014,81],{"class":73},[52,32016,84],{"class":66},[52,32018,111],{"class":110},[52,32020,135],{"class":66},[52,32022,32023,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32024,32025],{"class":58},"updated ",[52,32027,63],{"class":62},[52,32029,12518],{"class":58},[52,32031,35],{"class":66},[52,32033,13267],{"class":155},[52,32035,650],{"class":66},[52,32037,32038],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,32039,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,32041,32042,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,32043,32044],{"class":58},"updated",[52,32046,35],{"class":66},[52,32048,30606],{"class":155},[52,32050,5927],{"class":66},[52,32052,81],{"class":73},[52,32054,103],{"class":77},[52,32056,81],{"class":73},[52,32058,84],{"class":66},[52,32060,30619],{"class":110},[52,32062,193],{"class":66},[52,32064,87],{"class":73},[52,32066,1137],{"class":77},[52,32068,81],{"class":73},[52,32070,84],{"class":66},[52,32072,87],{"class":73},[52,32074,1146],{"class":77},[52,32076,81],{"class":73},[52,32078,30638],{"class":66},[52,32080,32081],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,32082,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,32084,32085,32087,32089,32091],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32086,149],{"class":148},[52,32088,152],{"class":66},[52,32090,12490],{"class":155},[52,32092,159],{"class":66},[52,32094,32095,32097,32099,32101],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,32096,149],{"class":148},[52,32098,152],{"class":66},[52,32100,32044],{"class":155},[52,32102,159],{"class":66},[14,32104,164],{},[42,32106,32108],{"className":44,"code":32107,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[49,32109,32110,32142],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32111,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32113,174],{"class":66},[52,32115,177],{"class":73},[52,32117,78],{"class":77},[52,32119,177],{"class":73},[52,32121,84],{"class":66},[52,32123,186],{"class":73},[52,32125,90],{"class":77},[52,32127,177],{"class":73},[52,32129,193],{"class":66},[52,32131,186],{"class":73},[52,32133,103],{"class":77},[52,32135,177],{"class":73},[52,32137,84],{"class":66},[52,32139,111],{"class":110},[52,32141,135],{"class":66},[52,32143,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32145,174],{"class":66},[52,32147,177],{"class":73},[52,32149,78],{"class":77},[52,32151,177],{"class":73},[52,32153,84],{"class":66},[52,32155,186],{"class":73},[52,32157,90],{"class":77},[52,32159,177],{"class":73},[52,32161,193],{"class":66},[52,32163,186],{"class":73},[52,32165,103],{"class":77},[52,32167,177],{"class":73},[52,32169,84],{"class":66},[52,32171,30619],{"class":110},[52,32173,193],{"class":66},[52,32175,186],{"class":73},[52,32177,1137],{"class":77},[52,32179,177],{"class":73},[52,32181,84],{"class":66},[52,32183,186],{"class":73},[52,32185,1146],{"class":77},[52,32187,177],{"class":73},[52,32189,135],{"class":66},[14,32191,32192,32193,35],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[26,32194,1725],{"href":1724},[37,32196,1743],{"id":1742},[14,32198,11112,32199,84],{},[49,32200,15308],{},[227,32202,32203,32210,32214,32217,32220],{},[230,32204,12951,32205,32207,32208],{},[49,32206,15308],{}," to a variable and getting ",[49,32209,4175],{},[230,32211,8849,32212,12959],{},[49,32213,15308],{},[230,32215,32216],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[230,32218,32219],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[230,32221,32222],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32224,32225],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[42,32227,32229],{"className":44,"code":32228,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[49,32230,32231,32241,32255,32269,32291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32232,32233,32235,32237,32239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32234,149],{"class":148},[52,32236,152],{"class":66},[52,32238,739],{"class":155},[52,32240,159],{"class":66},[52,32242,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32244,149],{"class":148},[52,32246,152],{"class":66},[52,32248,734],{"class":646},[52,32250,152],{"class":66},[52,32252,630],{"class":155},[52,32254,742],{"class":66},[52,32256,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,32258,149],{"class":148},[52,32260,152],{"class":66},[52,32262,8488],{"class":646},[52,32264,152],{"class":66},[52,32266,630],{"class":155},[52,32268,742],{"class":66},[52,32270,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,32272,149],{"class":148},[52,32274,152],{"class":66},[52,32276,739],{"class":155},[52,32278,35],{"class":66},[52,32280,19887],{"class":155},[52,32282,152],{"class":66},[52,32284,177],{"class":73},[52,32286,257],{"class":77},[52,32288,177],{"class":73},[52,32290,742],{"class":66},[52,32292,32293,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,32294,32295],{"class":148},"help",[52,32297,152],{"class":66},[52,32299,780],{"class":646},[52,32301,35],{"class":66},[52,32303,30606],{"class":24889},[52,32305,159],{"class":66},[14,32307,32308],{},"These can help you check:",[227,32310,32311,32314,32319,32322,32325],{},[230,32312,32313],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[230,32315,32316,32317],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[49,32318,15308],{},[230,32320,32321],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[230,32323,32324],{},"Whether a key exists",[230,32326,32327],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32329,32330,32331,35],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[26,32332,2310],{"href":2309},[37,32334,2220],{"id":2219},[487,32336,13061,32338,32340],{"id":32337},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[49,32339,15308],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32342,32343,32344,35],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[49,32345,4175],{},[487,32347,13061,32349,32351],{"id":32348},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[49,32350,15308],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32353,32354],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[487,32356,5567,32358,32360],{"id":32357},"can-update-add-new-keys",[49,32359,15308],{}," add new keys?",[14,32362,32363],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[487,32365,28469,32367,32369],{"id":32366},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[49,32368,15308],{}," with a list?",[14,32371,32372,32373,35],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[49,32374,11459],{},[487,32376,2259,32378,32380],{"id":32377},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[49,32379,15308],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32382,32383,32384,32386],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[49,32385,15308],{}," can change many keys at once.",[37,32388,2277],{"id":2276},[227,32390,32391,32395,32399,32404,32408],{},[230,32392,32393],{},[26,32394,26235],{"href":9768},[230,32396,32397],{},[26,32398,2298],{"href":2297},[230,32400,32401],{},[26,32402,32403],{"href":31228},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[230,32405,32406],{},[26,32407,21595],{"href":1724},[230,32409,32410],{},[26,32411,2310],{"href":2309},[2315,32413,32414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":32416},[32417,32418,32420,32421,32423,32425,32426,32427,32429,32430,32442],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":30661,"depth":70,"text":32419},"What update() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":31021,"depth":70,"text":32422},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31232,"depth":70,"text":32424},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31473,"depth":70,"text":31474},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":31956,"depth":70,"text":32428},"When to use update()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":32431},[32432,32434,32436,32438,32440],{"id":32337,"depth":98,"text":32433},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32348,"depth":98,"text":32435},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32357,"depth":98,"text":32437},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32366,"depth":98,"text":32439},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32377,"depth":98,"text":32441},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30539,"description":32443},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32449,"title":32450,"body":32451,"description":34440,"extension":2357,"meta":34441,"navigation":141,"path":23033,"seo":34442,"stem":34443,"__hash__":34444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32452,"toc":34403},[32453,32458,32465,32468,32470,32569,32571,32626,32631,32636,32650,32655,32657,32672,32674,32688,32701,32706,32712,32719,32721,32828,32830,32879,32885,32960,32962,32983,32985,32988,33093,33095,33150,33152,33180,33184,33189,33268,33270,33290,33292,33303,33313,33317,33322,33426,33428,33453,33456,33467,33472,33481,33484,33501,33503,33590,33592,33655,33657,33680,33682,33687,33693,33698,33700,33739,33745,33748,33767,33778,33784,33787,33860,33862,33881,33886,33889,33912,33918,33921,33985,33988,34065,34072,34075,34134,34140,34142,34161,34165,34168,34219,34222,34242,34244,34305,34307,34312,34317,34322,34327,34332,34337,34343,34346,34355,34363,34365,34400],[10,32454,11680,32456,11684],{"id":32455},"python-dictionary-values-method",[49,32457,2209],{},[14,32459,32460,32461,32464],{},"The Python ",[49,32462,32463],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32466,32467],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[37,32469,40],{"id":39},[42,32471,32473],{"className":44,"code":32472,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[49,32474,32475,32527,32541,32545,32555],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32476,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32478,59],{"class":58},[52,32480,63],{"class":62},[52,32482,1799],{"class":66},[52,32484,81],{"class":73},[52,32486,78],{"class":77},[52,32488,81],{"class":73},[52,32490,84],{"class":66},[52,32492,87],{"class":73},[52,32494,90],{"class":77},[52,32496,81],{"class":73},[52,32498,193],{"class":66},[52,32500,87],{"class":73},[52,32502,103],{"class":77},[52,32504,81],{"class":73},[52,32506,84],{"class":66},[52,32508,111],{"class":110},[52,32510,193],{"class":66},[52,32512,87],{"class":73},[52,32514,1137],{"class":77},[52,32516,81],{"class":73},[52,32518,84],{"class":66},[52,32520,87],{"class":73},[52,32522,1146],{"class":77},[52,32524,81],{"class":73},[52,32526,135],{"class":66},[52,32528,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32530,4218],{"class":58},[52,32532,63],{"class":62},[52,32534,13262],{"class":58},[52,32536,35],{"class":66},[52,32538,2071],{"class":155},[52,32540,650],{"class":66},[52,32542,32543],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,32544,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,32546,32547,32549,32551,32553],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,32548,149],{"class":148},[52,32550,152],{"class":66},[52,32552,2071],{"class":155},[52,32554,159],{"class":66},[52,32556,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,32558,149],{"class":148},[52,32560,152],{"class":66},[52,32562,8488],{"class":646},[52,32564,152],{"class":66},[52,32566,2071],{"class":155},[52,32568,742],{"class":66},[14,32570,164],{},[42,32572,32574],{"className":44,"code":32573,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[49,32575,32576,32602],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32577,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32579,2173],{"class":155},[52,32581,2152],{"class":66},[52,32583,177],{"class":73},[52,32585,90],{"class":77},[52,32587,177],{"class":73},[52,32589,193],{"class":66},[52,32591,111],{"class":110},[52,32593,193],{"class":66},[52,32595,186],{"class":73},[52,32597,1146],{"class":77},[52,32599,177],{"class":73},[52,32601,1718],{"class":66},[52,32603,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32605,1709],{"class":66},[52,32607,177],{"class":73},[52,32609,90],{"class":77},[52,32611,177],{"class":73},[52,32613,193],{"class":66},[52,32615,111],{"class":110},[52,32617,193],{"class":66},[52,32619,186],{"class":73},[52,32621,1146],{"class":77},[52,32623,177],{"class":73},[52,32625,4030],{"class":66},[14,32627,32628,32630],{},[49,32629,2209],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[37,32632,4073,32634,4076],{"id":32633},"what-values-does",[49,32635,2209],{},[227,32637,32638,32641,32644,32647],{},[230,32639,32640],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[230,32642,32643],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[230,32645,32646],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[230,32648,32649],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32651,32652,32653,35],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[26,32654,9769],{"href":9768},[37,32656,2553],{"id":2552},[42,32658,32660],{"className":44,"code":32659,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_dict.values()\n",[49,32661,32662],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32663,32664,32666,32668,32670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32665,739],{"class":58},[52,32667,35],{"class":66},[52,32669,2071],{"class":155},[52,32671,650],{"class":66},[14,32673,13407],{},[227,32675,32676,32680,32683],{},[230,32677,32678,11827],{},[49,32679,2209],{},[230,32681,32682],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[230,32684,32685,32686],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[49,32687,2209],{},[14,32689,32690,32691,2262,32696,35],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[26,32692,32693,32695],{"href":2198},[49,32694,2202],{}," for dictionary keys",[26,32697,32698,32700],{"href":2213},[49,32699,2216],{}," for key-value pairs",[37,32702,4073,32704,12063],{"id":32703},"what-values-returns",[49,32705,2209],{},[14,32707,32708,22113,32710,24903],{},[49,32709,2209],{},[49,32711,2173],{},[14,32713,32714,32715,32718],{},"This object is a ",[18,32716,32717],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32720,511],{},[42,32722,32724],{"className":44,"code":32723,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[49,32725,32726,32762,32766,32781,32792,32796,32818],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32727,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32729,13560],{"class":58},[52,32731,63],{"class":62},[52,32733,1799],{"class":66},[52,32735,81],{"class":73},[52,32737,78],{"class":77},[52,32739,81],{"class":73},[52,32741,84],{"class":66},[52,32743,87],{"class":73},[52,32745,8316],{"class":77},[52,32747,81],{"class":73},[52,32749,193],{"class":66},[52,32751,87],{"class":73},[52,32753,103],{"class":77},[52,32755,81],{"class":73},[52,32757,84],{"class":66},[52,32759,9684],{"class":110},[52,32761,135],{"class":66},[52,32763,32764],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32765,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,32767,32768,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,32769,32770],{"class":58},"values_view ",[52,32772,63],{"class":62},[52,32774,13603],{"class":58},[52,32776,35],{"class":66},[52,32778,2071],{"class":155},[52,32780,650],{"class":66},[52,32782,32783,32785,32787,32790],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,32784,149],{"class":148},[52,32786,152],{"class":66},[52,32788,32789],{"class":155},"values_view",[52,32791,159],{"class":66},[52,32793,32794],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,32795,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,32797,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,32799,17442],{"class":58},[52,32801,1709],{"class":66},[52,32803,81],{"class":73},[52,32805,1137],{"class":77},[52,32807,81],{"class":73},[52,32809,13629],{"class":66},[52,32811,13632],{"class":62},[52,32813,87],{"class":73},[52,32815,30785],{"class":77},[52,32817,297],{"class":73},[52,32819,32820,32822,32824,32826],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,32821,149],{"class":148},[52,32823,152],{"class":66},[52,32825,32789],{"class":155},[52,32827,159],{"class":66},[14,32829,164],{},[42,32831,32833],{"className":44,"code":32832,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[49,32834,32835,32853],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32836,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32838,2173],{"class":155},[52,32840,2152],{"class":66},[52,32842,177],{"class":73},[52,32844,8316],{"class":77},[52,32846,177],{"class":73},[52,32848,193],{"class":66},[52,32850,9684],{"class":110},[52,32852,1718],{"class":66},[52,32854,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32856,2173],{"class":155},[52,32858,2152],{"class":66},[52,32860,177],{"class":73},[52,32862,8316],{"class":77},[52,32864,177],{"class":73},[52,32866,193],{"class":66},[52,32868,9684],{"class":110},[52,32870,193],{"class":66},[52,32872,186],{"class":73},[52,32874,30785],{"class":77},[52,32876,177],{"class":73},[52,32878,1718],{"class":66},[14,32880,32881,32882,35],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[49,32883,32884],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[42,32886,32888],{"className":44,"code":32887,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[49,32889,32890,32926,32945,32949],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32891,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32893,13560],{"class":58},[52,32895,63],{"class":62},[52,32897,1799],{"class":66},[52,32899,81],{"class":73},[52,32901,78],{"class":77},[52,32903,81],{"class":73},[52,32905,84],{"class":66},[52,32907,87],{"class":73},[52,32909,8316],{"class":77},[52,32911,81],{"class":73},[52,32913,193],{"class":66},[52,32915,87],{"class":73},[52,32917,103],{"class":77},[52,32919,81],{"class":73},[52,32921,84],{"class":66},[52,32923,9684],{"class":110},[52,32925,135],{"class":66},[52,32927,32928,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,32929,32930],{"class":58},"values_list ",[52,32932,63],{"class":62},[52,32934,22698],{"class":646},[52,32936,152],{"class":66},[52,32938,17442],{"class":155},[52,32940,35],{"class":66},[52,32942,2071],{"class":155},[52,32944,2058],{"class":66},[52,32946,32947],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,32948,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,32950,32951,32953,32955,32958],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,32952,149],{"class":148},[52,32954,152],{"class":66},[52,32956,32957],{"class":155},"values_list",[52,32959,159],{"class":66},[14,32961,164],{},[42,32963,32965],{"className":44,"code":32964,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Mia', 25]\n",[49,32966,32967],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32968,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32970,1709],{"class":66},[52,32972,177],{"class":73},[52,32974,8316],{"class":77},[52,32976,177],{"class":73},[52,32978,193],{"class":66},[52,32980,9684],{"class":110},[52,32982,4030],{"class":66},[37,32984,11837],{"id":11836},[14,32986,32987],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[42,32989,32991],{"className":44,"code":32990,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,32992,32993,33047,33051,33065,33069,33079],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,32994,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33028,33030,33032,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32996,24935],{"class":58},[52,32998,63],{"class":62},[52,33000,1799],{"class":66},[52,33002,81],{"class":73},[52,33004,24944],{"class":77},[52,33006,81],{"class":73},[52,33008,84],{"class":66},[52,33010,87],{"class":73},[52,33012,24953],{"class":77},[52,33014,81],{"class":73},[52,33016,193],{"class":66},[52,33018,87],{"class":73},[52,33020,24962],{"class":77},[52,33022,81],{"class":73},[52,33024,84],{"class":66},[52,33026,33027],{"class":110}," 2022",[52,33029,193],{"class":66},[52,33031,87],{"class":73},[52,33033,33034],{"class":77},"color",[52,33036,81],{"class":73},[52,33038,84],{"class":66},[52,33040,87],{"class":73},[52,33042,13465],{"class":77},[52,33044,81],{"class":73},[52,33046,135],{"class":66},[52,33048,33049],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33050,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33052,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33054,2626],{"class":58},[52,33056,63],{"class":62},[52,33058,24984],{"class":58},[52,33060,35],{"class":66},[52,33062,2071],{"class":155},[52,33064,650],{"class":66},[52,33066,33067],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,33068,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33070,33071,33073,33075,33077],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,33072,149],{"class":148},[52,33074,152],{"class":66},[52,33076,2661],{"class":155},[52,33078,159],{"class":66},[52,33080,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33082,149],{"class":148},[52,33084,152],{"class":66},[52,33086,8488],{"class":646},[52,33088,152],{"class":66},[52,33090,2661],{"class":155},[52,33092,742],{"class":66},[14,33094,164],{},[42,33096,33098],{"className":44,"code":33097,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[49,33099,33100,33126],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33101,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33103,2173],{"class":155},[52,33105,2152],{"class":66},[52,33107,177],{"class":73},[52,33109,24953],{"class":77},[52,33111,177],{"class":73},[52,33113,193],{"class":66},[52,33115,33027],{"class":110},[52,33117,193],{"class":66},[52,33119,186],{"class":73},[52,33121,13465],{"class":77},[52,33123,177],{"class":73},[52,33125,1718],{"class":66},[52,33127,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33129,1709],{"class":66},[52,33131,177],{"class":73},[52,33133,24953],{"class":77},[52,33135,177],{"class":73},[52,33137,193],{"class":66},[52,33139,33027],{"class":110},[52,33141,193],{"class":66},[52,33143,186],{"class":73},[52,33145,13465],{"class":77},[52,33147,177],{"class":73},[52,33149,4030],{"class":66},[14,33151,12041],{},[227,33153,33154,33160,33166,33174],{},[230,33155,33156,33159],{},[49,33157,33158],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[230,33161,33162,33165],{},[49,33163,33164],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[230,33167,33168,33171,33172,24756],{},[49,33169,33170],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[49,33173,2173],{},[230,33175,33176,33179],{},[49,33177,33178],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[37,33181,33183],{"id":33182},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33185,33186,33187,26204],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[49,33188,6356],{},[42,33190,33192],{"className":44,"code":33191,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[49,33193,33194,33238,33242,33258],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33195,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33197,1441],{"class":58},[52,33199,63],{"class":62},[52,33201,1799],{"class":66},[52,33203,81],{"class":73},[52,33205,18553],{"class":77},[52,33207,81],{"class":73},[52,33209,84],{"class":66},[52,33211,20035],{"class":110},[52,33213,193],{"class":66},[52,33215,87],{"class":73},[52,33217,31295],{"class":77},[52,33219,81],{"class":73},[52,33221,84],{"class":66},[52,33223,13863],{"class":110},[52,33225,193],{"class":66},[52,33227,87],{"class":73},[52,33229,18562],{"class":77},[52,33231,81],{"class":73},[52,33233,84],{"class":66},[52,33235,29061],{"class":110},[52,33237,135],{"class":66},[52,33239,33240],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33241,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33243,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33245,6356],{"class":4272},[52,33247,21722],{"class":58},[52,33249,4279],{"class":4272},[52,33251,5507],{"class":58},[52,33253,35],{"class":66},[52,33255,2071],{"class":155},[52,33257,21733],{"class":66},[52,33259,33260,33262,33264,33266],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,33261,8463],{"class":148},[52,33263,152],{"class":66},[52,33265,263],{"class":155},[52,33267,159],{"class":66},[14,33269,164],{},[42,33271,33273],{"className":44,"code":33272,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"90\n85\n88\n",[49,33274,33275,33280,33285],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33276,33277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33278,33279],{"class":110},"90\n",[52,33281,33282],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33283,33284],{"class":110},"85\n",[52,33286,33287],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33288,33289],{"class":110},"88\n",[14,33291,17846],{},[227,33293,33294,33297,33300],{},[230,33295,33296],{},"You only need the values",[230,33298,33299],{},"You do not care about the keys",[230,33301,33302],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33304,33305,33306,30,33310,35],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[26,33307,2199,33308,2292],{"href":2213},[49,33309,2216],{},[26,33311,22613],{"href":33312},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[37,33314,33316],{"id":33315},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33318,340,33319,33321],{},[49,33320,32884],{}," when you need a list.",[42,33323,33325],{"className":44,"code":33324,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[49,33326,33327,33373,33377,33397,33401,33412],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33328,33329,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33365,33367,33369,33371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33330,33331],{"class":58},"fruit_prices ",[52,33333,63],{"class":62},[52,33335,1799],{"class":66},[52,33337,81],{"class":73},[52,33339,4474],{"class":77},[52,33341,81],{"class":73},[52,33343,84],{"class":66},[52,33345,1570],{"class":110},[52,33347,193],{"class":66},[52,33349,87],{"class":73},[52,33351,4483],{"class":77},[52,33353,81],{"class":73},[52,33355,84],{"class":66},[52,33357,5895],{"class":110},[52,33359,193],{"class":66},[52,33361,87],{"class":73},[52,33363,33364],{"class":77},"orange",[52,33366,81],{"class":73},[52,33368,84],{"class":66},[52,33370,2850],{"class":110},[52,33372,135],{"class":66},[52,33374,33375],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33376,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33378,33379,33382,33384,33386,33388,33391,33393,33395],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33380,33381],{"class":58},"price_list ",[52,33383,63],{"class":62},[52,33385,22698],{"class":646},[52,33387,152],{"class":66},[52,33389,33390],{"class":155},"fruit_prices",[52,33392,35],{"class":66},[52,33394,2071],{"class":155},[52,33396,2058],{"class":66},[52,33398,33399],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,33400,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33402,33403,33405,33407,33410],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,33404,149],{"class":148},[52,33406,152],{"class":66},[52,33408,33409],{"class":155},"price_list",[52,33411,159],{"class":66},[52,33413,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,33415,149],{"class":148},[52,33417,152],{"class":66},[52,33419,33409],{"class":155},[52,33421,1709],{"class":66},[52,33423,2514],{"class":110},[52,33425,1718],{"class":66},[14,33427,164],{},[42,33429,33431],{"className":44,"code":33430,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[49,33432,33433,33449],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33434,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33436,1709],{"class":66},[52,33438,2451],{"class":110},[52,33440,193],{"class":66},[52,33442,5895],{"class":110},[52,33444,193],{"class":66},[52,33446,2850],{"class":110},[52,33448,4030],{"class":66},[52,33450,33451],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33452,2192],{"class":110},[14,33454,33455],{},"This is helpful for:",[227,33457,33458,33461,33464],{},[230,33459,33460],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[230,33462,33463],{},"Accessing values by index",[230,33465,33466],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33468,4319,33469,33471],{},[49,33470,2173],{}," is not the same as a list.",[37,33473,33475,10954,33477,10954,33479],{"id":33474},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[49,33476,2209],{},[49,33478,2202],{},[49,33480,2216],{},[14,33482,33483],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[227,33485,33486,33491,33496],{},[230,33487,33488,33490],{},[49,33489,2209],{}," returns only the values",[230,33492,33493,33495],{},[49,33494,2202],{}," returns only the keys",[230,33497,33498,33500],{},[49,33499,2216],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33502,2520],{},[42,33504,33506],{"className":44,"code":33505,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[49,33507,33508,33544,33548,33562,33576],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33509,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33511,59],{"class":58},[52,33513,63],{"class":62},[52,33515,1799],{"class":66},[52,33517,81],{"class":73},[52,33519,78],{"class":77},[52,33521,81],{"class":73},[52,33523,84],{"class":66},[52,33525,87],{"class":73},[52,33527,90],{"class":77},[52,33529,81],{"class":73},[52,33531,193],{"class":66},[52,33533,87],{"class":73},[52,33535,103],{"class":77},[52,33537,81],{"class":73},[52,33539,84],{"class":66},[52,33541,111],{"class":110},[52,33543,135],{"class":66},[52,33545,33546],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33547,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33549,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33551,149],{"class":148},[52,33553,152],{"class":66},[52,33555,156],{"class":155},[52,33557,35],{"class":66},[52,33559,2055],{"class":155},[52,33561,2058],{"class":66},[52,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,33565,149],{"class":148},[52,33567,152],{"class":66},[52,33569,156],{"class":155},[52,33571,35],{"class":66},[52,33573,2071],{"class":155},[52,33575,2058],{"class":66},[52,33577,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,33579,149],{"class":148},[52,33581,152],{"class":66},[52,33583,156],{"class":155},[52,33585,35],{"class":66},[52,33587,8204],{"class":155},[52,33589,2058],{"class":66},[14,33591,164],{},[42,33593,33595],{"className":44,"code":33594,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[49,33596,33597,33619,33637],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33598,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33600,2149],{"class":155},[52,33602,2152],{"class":66},[52,33604,177],{"class":73},[52,33606,78],{"class":77},[52,33608,177],{"class":73},[52,33610,193],{"class":66},[52,33612,186],{"class":73},[52,33614,103],{"class":77},[52,33616,177],{"class":73},[52,33618,1718],{"class":66},[52,33620,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33622,2173],{"class":155},[52,33624,2152],{"class":66},[52,33626,177],{"class":73},[52,33628,90],{"class":77},[52,33630,177],{"class":73},[52,33632,193],{"class":66},[52,33634,111],{"class":110},[52,33636,1718],{"class":66},[52,33638,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33640,22046],{"class":155},[52,33642,10029],{"class":66},[52,33644,177],{"class":73},[52,33646,78],{"class":77},[52,33648,177],{"class":73},[52,33650,193],{"class":66},[52,33652,111],{"class":110},[52,33654,11048],{"class":66},[14,33656,18831],{},[227,33658,33659,33666,33673],{},[230,33660,33661,33665],{},[26,33662,33663],{"href":2198},[49,33664,2202],{}," when you need just the keys",[230,33667,33668,33672],{},[26,33669,33670],{"href":2206},[49,33671,2209],{}," when you need just the values",[230,33674,33675,33679],{},[26,33676,33677],{"href":2213},[49,33678,2216],{}," when you need both",[37,33681,4915],{"id":4914},[14,33683,33684,33685,35],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[49,33686,2209],{},[487,33688,29791,33690,33692],{"id":33689},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[49,33691,2209],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33694,33695,33697],{},[49,33696,2209],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33699,1773],{},[42,33701,33703],{"className":44,"code":33702,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[49,33704,33705,33725],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33706,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33708,8703],{"class":58},[52,33710,63],{"class":62},[52,33712,4017],{"class":66},[52,33714,1565],{"class":110},[52,33716,193],{"class":66},[52,33718,1570],{"class":110},[52,33720,193],{"class":66},[52,33722,2850],{"class":110},[52,33724,4030],{"class":66},[52,33726,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33728,149],{"class":148},[52,33730,152],{"class":66},[52,33732,8734],{"class":155},[52,33734,35],{"class":66},[52,33736,2071],{"class":155},[52,33738,2058],{"class":66},[14,33740,33741,33742,33744],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[49,33743,2209],{}," method.",[14,33746,33747],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[42,33749,33751],{"className":44,"code":33750,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(my_list))\n",[49,33752,33753],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33754,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33756,149],{"class":148},[52,33758,152],{"class":66},[52,33760,734],{"class":646},[52,33762,152],{"class":66},[52,33764,8734],{"class":155},[52,33766,742],{"class":66},[14,33768,33769,33770,33772,33773,35],{},"If you get an ",[49,33771,25811],{},", see ",[26,33774,25819,33775,33777],{"href":25818},[49,33776,25822],{}," errors",[487,33779,4976,33781,33783],{"id":33780},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[49,33782,2209],{}," returns a list",[14,33785,33786],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[42,33788,33790],{"className":44,"code":33789,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[49,33791,33792,33828,33842,33846],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33793,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33795,59],{"class":58},[52,33797,63],{"class":62},[52,33799,1799],{"class":66},[52,33801,81],{"class":73},[52,33803,78],{"class":77},[52,33805,81],{"class":73},[52,33807,84],{"class":66},[52,33809,87],{"class":73},[52,33811,90],{"class":77},[52,33813,81],{"class":73},[52,33815,193],{"class":66},[52,33817,87],{"class":73},[52,33819,103],{"class":77},[52,33821,81],{"class":73},[52,33823,84],{"class":66},[52,33825,111],{"class":110},[52,33827,135],{"class":66},[52,33829,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33831,4218],{"class":58},[52,33833,63],{"class":62},[52,33835,13262],{"class":58},[52,33837,35],{"class":66},[52,33839,2071],{"class":155},[52,33841,650],{"class":66},[52,33843,33844],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33845,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33847,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,33849,149],{"class":148},[52,33851,152],{"class":66},[52,33853,734],{"class":646},[52,33855,152],{"class":66},[52,33857,2071],{"class":155},[52,33859,742],{"class":66},[14,33861,164],{},[42,33863,33865],{"className":44,"code":33864,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[49,33866,33867],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33868,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33870,771],{"class":62},[52,33872,775],{"class":774},[52,33874,186],{"class":73},[52,33876,2173],{"class":77},[52,33878,177],{"class":73},[52,33880,785],{"class":62},[14,33882,5545,33883,33885],{},[49,33884,2173],{},", not a list.",[14,33887,33888],{},"If you need a list:",[42,33890,33892],{"className":44,"code":33891,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = list(student.values())\n",[49,33893,33894],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33895,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33897,4218],{"class":58},[52,33899,63],{"class":62},[52,33901,22698],{"class":646},[52,33903,152],{"class":66},[52,33905,156],{"class":155},[52,33907,35],{"class":66},[52,33909,2071],{"class":155},[52,33911,2058],{"class":66},[487,33913,33915,33916],{"id":33914},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[49,33917,2173],{},[14,33919,33920],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[42,33922,33924],{"className":44,"code":33923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[49,33925,33926,33962,33976,33980],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33927,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33929,59],{"class":58},[52,33931,63],{"class":62},[52,33933,1799],{"class":66},[52,33935,81],{"class":73},[52,33937,78],{"class":77},[52,33939,81],{"class":73},[52,33941,84],{"class":66},[52,33943,87],{"class":73},[52,33945,90],{"class":77},[52,33947,81],{"class":73},[52,33949,193],{"class":66},[52,33951,87],{"class":73},[52,33953,103],{"class":77},[52,33955,81],{"class":73},[52,33957,84],{"class":66},[52,33959,111],{"class":110},[52,33961,135],{"class":66},[52,33963,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,33965,4218],{"class":58},[52,33967,63],{"class":62},[52,33969,13262],{"class":58},[52,33971,35],{"class":66},[52,33973,2071],{"class":155},[52,33975,650],{"class":66},[52,33977,33978],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,33979,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,33981,33982],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,33983,33984],{"class":1017},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33986,33987],{},"Convert to a list first:",[42,33989,33991],{"className":44,"code":33990,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[49,33992,33993,34029,34047,34051],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,33994,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33996,59],{"class":58},[52,33998,63],{"class":62},[52,34000,1799],{"class":66},[52,34002,81],{"class":73},[52,34004,78],{"class":77},[52,34006,81],{"class":73},[52,34008,84],{"class":66},[52,34010,87],{"class":73},[52,34012,90],{"class":77},[52,34014,81],{"class":73},[52,34016,193],{"class":66},[52,34018,87],{"class":73},[52,34020,103],{"class":77},[52,34022,81],{"class":73},[52,34024,84],{"class":66},[52,34026,111],{"class":110},[52,34028,135],{"class":66},[52,34030,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34032,4218],{"class":58},[52,34034,63],{"class":62},[52,34036,22698],{"class":646},[52,34038,152],{"class":66},[52,34040,156],{"class":155},[52,34042,35],{"class":66},[52,34044,2071],{"class":155},[52,34046,2058],{"class":66},[52,34048,34049],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,34050,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,34052,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,34054,149],{"class":148},[52,34056,152],{"class":66},[52,34058,2071],{"class":155},[52,34060,1709],{"class":66},[52,34062,2514],{"class":110},[52,34064,1718],{"class":66},[487,34066,8813,34068,11456,34070],{"id":34067},"using-values-instead-of-values",[49,34069,2071],{},[49,34071,2209],{},[14,34073,34074],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[42,34076,34078],{"className":44,"code":34077,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[49,34079,34080,34116,34120],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34081,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34083,59],{"class":58},[52,34085,63],{"class":62},[52,34087,1799],{"class":66},[52,34089,81],{"class":73},[52,34091,78],{"class":77},[52,34093,81],{"class":73},[52,34095,84],{"class":66},[52,34097,87],{"class":73},[52,34099,90],{"class":77},[52,34101,81],{"class":73},[52,34103,193],{"class":66},[52,34105,87],{"class":73},[52,34107,103],{"class":77},[52,34109,81],{"class":73},[52,34111,84],{"class":66},[52,34113,111],{"class":110},[52,34115,135],{"class":66},[52,34117,34118],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34119,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,34121,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130,34132],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,34123,149],{"class":148},[52,34125,152],{"class":66},[52,34127,156],{"class":155},[52,34129,35],{"class":66},[52,34131,2071],{"class":24889},[52,34133,159],{"class":66},[14,34135,34136,34139],{},[49,34137,34138],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34141,18831],{},[42,34143,34145],{"className":44,"code":34144,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(student.values())\n",[49,34146,34147],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34148,34149,34151,34153,34155,34157,34159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34150,149],{"class":148},[52,34152,152],{"class":66},[52,34154,156],{"class":155},[52,34156,35],{"class":66},[52,34158,2071],{"class":155},[52,34160,2058],{"class":66},[487,34162,34164],{"id":34163},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34166,34167],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[42,34169,34171],{"className":44,"code":34170,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[49,34172,34173,34205],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34174,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201,34203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34176,616],{"class":58},[52,34178,63],{"class":62},[52,34180,1799],{"class":66},[52,34182,81],{"class":73},[52,34184,26],{"class":77},[52,34186,81],{"class":73},[52,34188,84],{"class":66},[52,34190,5895],{"class":110},[52,34192,193],{"class":66},[52,34194,87],{"class":73},[52,34196,5157],{"class":77},[52,34198,81],{"class":73},[52,34200,84],{"class":66},[52,34202,1570],{"class":110},[52,34204,135],{"class":66},[52,34206,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34208,149],{"class":148},[52,34210,152],{"class":66},[52,34212,630],{"class":155},[52,34214,35],{"class":66},[52,34216,2071],{"class":155},[52,34218,2058],{"class":66},[14,34220,34221],{},"Not like this:",[42,34223,34225],{"className":44,"code":34224,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[49,34226,34227,34232,34237],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34228,34229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34230,34231],{"class":1017},"# Wrong examples:\n",[52,34233,34234],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34235,34236],{"class":1017},"# data().values()\n",[52,34238,34239],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,34240,34241],{"class":1017},"# values(data)\n",[14,34243,3733],{},[42,34245,34247],{"className":44,"code":34246,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[49,34248,34249,34263,34273,34287],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34250,34251,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34252,149],{"class":148},[52,34254,152],{"class":66},[52,34256,734],{"class":646},[52,34258,152],{"class":66},[52,34260,739],{"class":155},[52,34262,742],{"class":66},[52,34264,34265,34267,34269,34271],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34266,149],{"class":148},[52,34268,152],{"class":66},[52,34270,739],{"class":155},[52,34272,159],{"class":66},[52,34274,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,34276,149],{"class":148},[52,34278,152],{"class":66},[52,34280,739],{"class":155},[52,34282,35],{"class":66},[52,34284,2071],{"class":155},[52,34286,2058],{"class":66},[52,34288,34289,34291,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301,34303],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,34290,149],{"class":148},[52,34292,152],{"class":66},[52,34294,8488],{"class":646},[52,34296,152],{"class":66},[52,34298,739],{"class":155},[52,34300,35],{"class":66},[52,34302,2071],{"class":155},[52,34304,6688],{"class":66},[37,34306,2220],{"id":2219},[487,34308,5539,34310,5542],{"id":34309},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[49,34311,32463],{},[14,34313,17557,34314,34316],{},[49,34315,2173],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[487,34318,13061,34320,24070],{"id":34319},"does-values-return-a-list",[49,34321,2209],{},[14,34323,24073,34324,24077],{},[49,34325,34326],{},"list(...)",[487,34328,26196,34330,2265],{"id":34329},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[49,34331,32463],{},[14,34333,34334,34335,26204],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[49,34336,6356],{},[487,34338,13061,34340,34342],{"id":34339},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[49,34341,32463],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34344,34345],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[487,34347,34349,34350,34352,34353,2265],{"id":34348},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[49,34351,2209],{}," different from ",[49,34354,2216],{},[14,34356,34357,34359,34360,34362],{},[49,34358,2209],{}," returns only values. ",[49,34361,2216],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[37,34364,2277],{"id":2276},[227,34366,34367,34373,34379,34383,34389,34393],{},[230,34368,34369],{},[26,34370,2199,34371,2292],{"href":2198},[49,34372,2202],{},[230,34374,34375],{},[26,34376,2199,34377,2292],{"href":2213},[49,34378,2216],{},[230,34380,34381],{},[26,34382,11606],{"href":9768},[230,34384,34385],{},[26,34386,34388],{"href":34387},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[230,34390,34391],{},[26,34392,24155],{"href":33312},[230,34394,34395],{},[26,34396,30489,34397],{"href":25818},[49,34398,34399],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2315,34401,34402],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":34404},[34405,34406,34408,34409,34411,34412,34413,34414,34416,34427,34439],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":32633,"depth":70,"text":34407},"What values() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":32703,"depth":70,"text":34410},"What values() returns",{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":33182,"depth":70,"text":33183},{"id":33315,"depth":70,"text":33316},{"id":33474,"depth":70,"text":34415},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":34417},[34418,34420,34422,34424,34426],{"id":33689,"depth":98,"text":34419},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33780,"depth":98,"text":34421},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33914,"depth":98,"text":34423},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34067,"depth":98,"text":34425},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34163,"depth":98,"text":34164},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":34428},[34429,34431,34433,34435,34437],{"id":34309,"depth":98,"text":34430},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34319,"depth":98,"text":34432},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34329,"depth":98,"text":34434},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34339,"depth":98,"text":34436},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34348,"depth":98,"text":34438},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32450,"description":34440},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34446,"title":34447,"body":34448,"description":35879,"extension":2357,"meta":35880,"navigation":141,"path":35881,"seo":35882,"stem":35883,"__hash__":35884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34449,"toc":35831},[34450,34456,34461,34464,34480,34489,34491,34523,34529,34532,34627,34630,34635,34640,34643,34654,34656,34670,34676,34678,34683,34689,34692,34731,34739,34744,34747,34792,34795,34807,34813,34819,34823,34856,34859,34877,34880,34884,34923,34925,34945,34948,34960,34965,34971,34974,35029,35032,35043,35046,35057,35060,35064,35070,35072,35102,35105,35120,35123,35126,35145,35148,35164,35173,35175,35206,35212,35217,35220,35227,35258,35261,35283,35286,35289,35303,35307,35338,35353,35360,35367,35371,35379,35383,35391,35394,35443,35454,35456,35459,35465,35470,35480,35484,35487,35490,35494,35497,35499,35520,35524,35530,35541,35547,35549,35555,35579,35582,35645,35648,35676,35679,35741,35743,35748,35751,35758,35766,35773,35776,35784,35790,35792,35819,35828],[10,34451,3969,34453,3973],{"id":34452},"python-dir-function-explained",[49,34454,34455],{},"dir()",[14,34457,32460,34458,34460],{},[49,34459,34455],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34462,34463],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[227,34465,34466,34469,34472,34477],{},[230,34467,34468],{},"learning Python",[230,34470,34471],{},"exploring a new object",[230,34473,34474,34475],{},"debugging an ",[49,34476,25811],{},[230,34478,34479],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34481,34482,34483,34485,34486],{},"In short, ",[49,34484,34455],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[18,34487,34488],{},"“What can I use here?”",[37,34490,40],{"id":39},[42,34492,34494],{"className":44,"code":34493,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[49,34495,34496,34508],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34497,34498,34500,34502,34504,34506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34499,8271],{"class":58},[52,34501,63],{"class":62},[52,34503,87],{"class":73},[52,34505,4241],{"class":77},[52,34507,297],{"class":73},[52,34509,34510,34512,34514,34517,34519,34521],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34511,149],{"class":148},[52,34513,152],{"class":66},[52,34515,34516],{"class":148},"dir",[52,34518,152],{"class":66},[52,34520,78],{"class":155},[52,34522,742],{"class":66},[14,34524,340,34525,34528],{},[49,34526,34527],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34530,34531],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[42,34533,34535],{"className":44,"code":34534,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[49,34536,34537],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34538,34539,34541,34543,34546,34548,34550,34552,34555,34557,34559,34561,34564,34566,34568,34570,34573,34575,34577,34579,34582,34584,34586,34588,34591,34593,34595,34599,34601,34603,34605,34607,34609,34611,34614,34616,34618,34620,34623,34625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34540,1709],{"class":66},[52,34542,177],{"class":73},[52,34544,34545],{"class":77},"__add__",[52,34547,177],{"class":73},[52,34549,193],{"class":66},[52,34551,186],{"class":73},[52,34553,34554],{"class":77},"__class__",[52,34556,177],{"class":73},[52,34558,193],{"class":66},[52,34560,186],{"class":73},[52,34562,34563],{"class":77},"__contains__",[52,34565,177],{"class":73},[52,34567,193],{"class":66},[52,34569,186],{"class":73},[52,34571,34572],{"class":77},"__delattr__",[52,34574,177],{"class":73},[52,34576,193],{"class":66},[52,34578,186],{"class":73},[52,34580,34581],{"class":77},"__dir__",[52,34583,177],{"class":73},[52,34585,193],{"class":66},[52,34587,186],{"class":73},[52,34589,34590],{"class":77},"__doc__",[52,34592,177],{"class":73},[52,34594,193],{"class":66},[52,34596,34598],{"class":34597},"s_hVV"," ...",[52,34600,193],{"class":66},[52,34602,186],{"class":73},[52,34604,9037],{"class":77},[52,34606,177],{"class":73},[52,34608,193],{"class":66},[52,34610,186],{"class":73},[52,34612,34613],{"class":77},"split",[52,34615,177],{"class":73},[52,34617,193],{"class":66},[52,34619,186],{"class":73},[52,34621,34622],{"class":77},"upper",[52,34624,177],{"class":73},[52,34626,4030],{"class":66},[14,34628,34629],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[37,34631,4073,34633,4076],{"id":34632},"what-dir-does",[49,34634,34455],{},[14,34636,34637,34639],{},[49,34638,34455],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34641,34642],{},"It usually includes:",[227,34644,34645,34648,34651],{},[230,34646,34647],{},"attributes",[230,34649,34650],{},"methods",[230,34652,34653],{},"special Python names",[14,34655,11820],{},[227,34657,34658,34664,34667],{},[230,34659,34660,34661],{},"The result is a ",[18,34662,34663],{},"list of strings",[230,34665,34666],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[230,34668,34669],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34671,34672,34673,34675],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[49,34674,34455],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[37,34677,2553],{"id":2552},[14,34679,34680,34682],{},[49,34681,34455],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[487,34684,34686,34688],{"id":34685},"dir-with-no-argument",[49,34687,34455],{}," with no argument",[14,34690,34691],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[42,34693,34695],{"className":44,"code":34694,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[49,34696,34697,34705,34717,34721],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34698,34699,34701,34703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34700,3421],{"class":58},[52,34702,63],{"class":62},[52,34704,2986],{"class":110},[52,34706,34707,34709,34711,34713,34715],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34708,8271],{"class":58},[52,34710,63],{"class":62},[52,34712,87],{"class":73},[52,34714,976],{"class":77},[52,34716,297],{"class":73},[52,34718,34719],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,34720,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,34722,34723,34725,34727,34729],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,34724,149],{"class":148},[52,34726,152],{"class":66},[52,34728,34516],{"class":148},[52,34730,2058],{"class":66},[14,34732,34733,34734,2262,34736,34738],{},"This will show names such as ",[49,34735,2570],{},[49,34737,78],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[487,34740,34742],{"id":34741},"dirobject",[49,34743,34527],{},[14,34745,34746],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[42,34748,34750],{"className":44,"code":34749,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[49,34751,34752,34770],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34753,34754,34756,34758,34760,34762,34764,34766,34768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34755,149],{"class":148},[52,34757,152],{"class":66},[52,34759,34516],{"class":148},[52,34761,152],{"class":66},[52,34763,81],{"class":73},[52,34765,4241],{"class":77},[52,34767,81],{"class":73},[52,34769,742],{"class":66},[52,34771,34772,34774,34776,34778,34780,34782,34784,34786,34788,34790],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34773,149],{"class":148},[52,34775,152],{"class":66},[52,34777,34516],{"class":148},[52,34779,2152],{"class":66},[52,34781,1565],{"class":110},[52,34783,193],{"class":66},[52,34785,1570],{"class":110},[52,34787,193],{"class":66},[52,34789,2850],{"class":110},[52,34791,3395],{"class":66},[14,34793,34794],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[227,34796,34797,34799,34801,34804],{},[230,34798,5706],{},[230,34800,5697],{},[230,34802,34803],{},"modules",[230,34805,34806],{},"custom objects",[37,34808,8813,34810,34812],{"id":34809},"using-dir-with-a-value",[49,34811,34455],{}," with a value",[14,34814,34815,34816,34818],{},"A common use of ",[49,34817,34455],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[487,34820,34822],{"id":34821},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[42,34824,34826],{"className":44,"code":34825,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[49,34827,34828,34841],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34829,34830,34833,34835,34837,34839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34831,34832],{"class":58},"text ",[52,34834,63],{"class":62},[52,34836,87],{"class":73},[52,34838,4241],{"class":77},[52,34840,297],{"class":73},[52,34842,34843,34845,34847,34849,34851,34854],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34844,149],{"class":148},[52,34846,152],{"class":66},[52,34848,34516],{"class":148},[52,34850,152],{"class":66},[52,34852,34853],{"class":155},"text",[52,34855,742],{"class":66},[14,34857,34858],{},"You will see method names like:",[227,34860,34861,34865,34869,34873],{},[230,34862,34863],{},[49,34864,9037],{},[230,34866,34867],{},[49,34868,34622],{},[230,34870,34871],{},[49,34872,34613],{},[230,34874,34875],{},[49,34876,9031],{},[14,34878,34879],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[487,34881,34883],{"id":34882},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[42,34885,34887],{"className":44,"code":34886,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[49,34888,34889,34909],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34890,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899,34901,34903,34905,34907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34892,4012],{"class":58},[52,34894,63],{"class":62},[52,34896,4017],{"class":66},[52,34898,1565],{"class":110},[52,34900,193],{"class":66},[52,34902,1570],{"class":110},[52,34904,193],{"class":66},[52,34906,2850],{"class":110},[52,34908,4030],{"class":66},[52,34910,34911,34913,34915,34917,34919,34921],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34912,149],{"class":148},[52,34914,152],{"class":66},[52,34916,34516],{"class":148},[52,34918,152],{"class":66},[52,34920,1578],{"class":155},[52,34922,742],{"class":66},[14,34924,34858],{},[227,34926,34927,34931,34935,34940],{},[230,34928,34929],{},[49,34930,13909],{},[230,34932,34933],{},[49,34934,26381],{},[230,34936,34937],{},[49,34938,34939],{},"remove",[230,34941,34942],{},[49,34943,34944],{},"sort",[14,34946,34947],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34949,34950,34951,34956,34957,34959],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[26,34952,34954],{"href":34953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[49,34955,2699],{}," can help first. Then ",[49,34958,34455],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[37,34961,8813,34963,34688],{"id":34962},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[49,34964,34455],{},[14,34966,34967,34968,34970],{},"When used with no argument, ",[49,34969,34455],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34972,34973],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[42,34975,34977],{"className":44,"code":34976,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[49,34978,34979,34988,34992,35003,35015,35019],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,34980,34981,34983,34985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34982,3421],{"class":58},[52,34984,63],{"class":62},[52,34986,34987],{"class":110}," 5\n",[52,34989,34990],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,34991,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,34993,34994,34997,35001],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,34995,34996],{"class":774},"def",[52,34998,35000],{"class":34999},"sGLFI"," greet",[52,35002,21733],{"class":66},[52,35004,35005,35008,35010,35013],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,35006,35007],{"class":4272},"    return",[52,35009,87],{"class":73},[52,35011,35012],{"class":77},"Hello",[52,35014,297],{"class":73},[52,35016,35017],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,35018,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35020,35021,35023,35025,35027],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,35022,149],{"class":148},[52,35024,152],{"class":66},[52,35026,34516],{"class":148},[52,35028,2058],{"class":66},[14,35030,35031],{},"The output will include names like:",[227,35033,35034,35038],{},[230,35035,35036],{},[49,35037,2570],{},[230,35039,35040],{},[49,35041,35042],{},"greet",[14,35044,35045],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[227,35047,35048,35051,35054],{},[230,35049,35050],{},"what variables exist",[230,35052,35053],{},"what functions you have defined",[230,35055,35056],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35058,35059],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[37,35061,35063],{"id":35062},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35065,35066,35067,35069],{},"When you first use ",[49,35068,34455],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35071,511],{},[42,35073,35074],{"className":44,"code":34825,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,35075,35076,35088],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35077,35078,35080,35082,35084,35086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35079,34832],{"class":58},[52,35081,63],{"class":62},[52,35083,87],{"class":73},[52,35085,4241],{"class":77},[52,35087,297],{"class":73},[52,35089,35090,35092,35094,35096,35098,35100],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35091,149],{"class":148},[52,35093,152],{"class":66},[52,35095,34516],{"class":148},[52,35097,152],{"class":66},[52,35099,34853],{"class":155},[52,35101,742],{"class":66},[14,35103,35104],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[227,35106,35107,35111,35115],{},[230,35108,35109],{},[49,35110,34554],{},[230,35112,35113],{},[49,35114,34590],{},[230,35116,35117],{},[49,35118,35119],{},"__len__",[14,35121,35122],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35124,35125],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[227,35127,35128,35132,35136,35140],{},[230,35129,35130],{},[49,35131,34622],{},[230,35133,35134],{},[49,35135,9037],{},[230,35137,35138],{},[49,35139,34613],{},[230,35141,35142],{},[49,35143,35144],{},"replace",[14,35146,35147],{},"A key point to remember:",[227,35149,35150,35158],{},[230,35151,35152,35154,35155],{},[49,35153,34455],{}," lists ",[18,35156,35157],{},"names only",[230,35159,35160,35161,35163],{},"it does ",[18,35162,1006],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35165,35166,35167,35],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[26,35168,35170],{"href":35169},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[49,35171,35172],{},"help()",[14,35174,5869],{},[42,35176,35178],{"className":44,"code":35177,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[49,35179,35180,35192],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35181,35182,35184,35186,35188,35190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35183,8271],{"class":58},[52,35185,63],{"class":62},[52,35187,87],{"class":73},[52,35189,4241],{"class":77},[52,35191,297],{"class":73},[52,35193,35194,35196,35198,35200,35202,35204],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35195,32295],{"class":148},[52,35197,152],{"class":66},[52,35199,78],{"class":155},[52,35201,35],{"class":66},[52,35203,34622],{"class":24889},[52,35205,159],{"class":66},[37,35207,35209,35211],{"id":35208},"dir-on-modules",[49,35210,34455],{}," on modules",[14,35213,810,35214,35216],{},[49,35215,34455],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35218,35219],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[487,35221,35223,35224,35226],{"id":35222},"example-math-module","Example: ",[49,35225,18553],{}," module",[42,35228,35230],{"className":44,"code":35229,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[49,35231,35232,35240,35244],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35233,35234,35237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35235,35236],{"class":4272},"import",[52,35238,35239],{"class":58}," math\n",[52,35241,35242],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35243,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35245,35246,35248,35250,35252,35254,35256],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35247,149],{"class":148},[52,35249,152],{"class":66},[52,35251,34516],{"class":148},[52,35253,152],{"class":66},[52,35255,18553],{"class":155},[52,35257,742],{"class":66},[14,35259,35260],{},"You may see names like:",[227,35262,35263,35268,35273,35278],{},[230,35264,35265],{},[49,35266,35267],{},"sqrt",[230,35269,35270],{},[49,35271,35272],{},"ceil",[230,35274,35275],{},[49,35276,35277],{},"floor",[230,35279,35280],{},[49,35281,35282],{},"pi",[14,35284,35285],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35287,35288],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[227,35290,35291,35297],{},[230,35292,35293],{},[26,35294,35296],{"href":35295},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[230,35298,35299],{},[26,35300,35302],{"href":35301},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[487,35304,35306],{"id":35305},"another-example","Another example",[42,35308,35310],{"className":44,"code":35309,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[49,35311,35312,35319,35323],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35313,35314,35316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35315,35236],{"class":4272},[52,35317,35318],{"class":58}," json\n",[52,35320,35321],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35322,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35324,35325,35327,35329,35331,35333,35336],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35326,149],{"class":148},[52,35328,152],{"class":66},[52,35330,34516],{"class":148},[52,35332,152],{"class":66},[52,35334,35335],{"class":155},"json",[52,35337,742],{"class":66},[14,35339,35340,35341,2203,35344,2203,35347,2210,35350,35],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[49,35342,35343],{},"dump",[49,35345,35346],{},"dumps",[49,35348,35349],{},"load",[49,35351,35352],{},"loads",[37,35354,35356,10954,35358],{"id":35355},"dir-vs-help",[49,35357,34455],{},[49,35359,35172],{},[14,35361,35362,2262,35364,35366],{},[49,35363,34455],{},[49,35365,35172],{}," are often used together.",[487,35368,35369],{"id":34516},[49,35370,34455],{},[227,35372,35373,35376],{},[230,35374,35375],{},"shows available names",[230,35377,35378],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[487,35380,35381],{"id":32295},[49,35382,35172],{},[227,35384,35385,35388],{},[230,35386,35387],{},"explains what an object or function does",[230,35389,35390],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35392,35393],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[42,35395,35397],{"className":44,"code":35396,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[49,35398,35399,35411,35415,35429],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35400,35401,35403,35405,35407,35409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35402,8271],{"class":58},[52,35404,63],{"class":62},[52,35406,87],{"class":73},[52,35408,4241],{"class":77},[52,35410,297],{"class":73},[52,35412,35413],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35414,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35416,35417,35419,35421,35423,35425,35427],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35418,149],{"class":148},[52,35420,152],{"class":66},[52,35422,34516],{"class":148},[52,35424,152],{"class":66},[52,35426,78],{"class":155},[52,35428,742],{"class":66},[52,35430,35431,35433,35435,35437,35439,35441],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,35432,32295],{"class":148},[52,35434,152],{"class":66},[52,35436,78],{"class":155},[52,35438,35],{"class":66},[52,35440,34622],{"class":24889},[52,35442,159],{"class":66},[14,35444,340,35445,35447,35448,35450,35451,35453],{},[49,35446,34455],{}," first to find a method name.",[10217,35449],{},"\nThen use ",[49,35452,35172],{}," to understand how to use it.",[37,35455,25497],{"id":25496},[14,35457,35458],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[487,35460,35462,35464],{"id":35461},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[49,35463,34455],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35466,35467,35469],{},[49,35468,34455],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35471,35472,35473,35475,35476,35479],{},"For example, seeing ",[49,35474,34622],{}," in ",[49,35477,35478],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[487,35481,35483],{"id":35482},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35485,35486],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35488,35489],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[487,35491,35493],{"id":35492},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35495,35496],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35498,5869],{},[227,35500,35501,35506,35512],{},[230,35502,35503,35505],{},[49,35504,35478],{}," shows string-related names",[230,35507,35508,35511],{},[49,35509,35510],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[230,35513,35514,35517,35518,35226],{},[49,35515,35516],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[49,35519,18553],{},[487,35521,35523],{"id":35522},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35525,35526,35527,35529],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[49,35528,34455],{}," does not mean you already know:",[227,35531,35532,35535,35538],{},[230,35533,35534],{},"what it does",[230,35536,35537],{},"what arguments it needs",[230,35539,35540],{},"what it returns",[14,35542,35543,35544,35546],{},"That is why ",[49,35545,35172],{}," is the natural next step.",[37,35548,1743],{"id":1742},[14,35550,35551,35552,35554],{},"Beginners often use ",[49,35553,34455],{}," in these situations:",[227,35556,35557,35560,35569,35572],{},[230,35558,35559],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[230,35561,35562,35563,35568],{},"Seeing an ",[26,35564,35566],{"href":35565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[49,35567,25811],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[230,35570,35571],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[230,35573,8813,35574,35576,35577],{},[49,35575,34455],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[49,35578,35172],{},[14,35580,35581],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[42,35583,35585],{"className":44,"code":35584,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[49,35586,35587,35599,35603,35617,35631],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35588,35589,35591,35593,35595,35597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35590,8271],{"class":58},[52,35592,63],{"class":62},[52,35594,87],{"class":73},[52,35596,4241],{"class":77},[52,35598,297],{"class":73},[52,35600,35601],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35602,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35604,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35606,149],{"class":148},[52,35608,152],{"class":66},[52,35610,734],{"class":646},[52,35612,152],{"class":66},[52,35614,78],{"class":155},[52,35616,742],{"class":66},[52,35618,35619,35621,35623,35625,35627,35629],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,35620,149],{"class":148},[52,35622,152],{"class":66},[52,35624,34516],{"class":148},[52,35626,152],{"class":66},[52,35628,78],{"class":155},[52,35630,742],{"class":66},[52,35632,35633,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,35634,32295],{"class":148},[52,35636,152],{"class":66},[52,35638,78],{"class":155},[52,35640,35],{"class":66},[52,35642,34622],{"class":24889},[52,35644,159],{"class":66},[14,35646,35647],{},"And for modules:",[42,35649,35650],{"className":44,"code":35229,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,35651,35652,35658,35662],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35653,35654,35656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35655,35236],{"class":4272},[52,35657,35239],{"class":58},[52,35659,35660],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35661,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35663,35664,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35665,149],{"class":148},[52,35667,152],{"class":66},[52,35669,34516],{"class":148},[52,35671,152],{"class":66},[52,35673,18553],{"class":155},[52,35675,742],{"class":66},[14,35677,35678],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[42,35680,35682],{"className":44,"code":35681,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[49,35683,35684,35689,35701,35711,35725,35731],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35685,35686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35687,35688],{"class":58},"python\n",[52,35690,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35692,8271],{"class":58},[52,35694,63],{"class":62},[52,35696,87],{"class":73},[52,35698,4241],{"class":77},[52,35700,297],{"class":73},[52,35702,35703,35705,35707,35709],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35704,34516],{"class":148},[52,35706,152],{"class":66},[52,35708,78],{"class":155},[52,35710,159],{"class":66},[52,35712,35713,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,35714,32295],{"class":148},[52,35716,152],{"class":66},[52,35718,78],{"class":155},[52,35720,35],{"class":66},[52,35722,34622],{"class":24889},[52,35724,159],{"class":66},[52,35726,35727,35729],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,35728,35236],{"class":4272},[52,35730,35239],{"class":58},[52,35732,35733,35735,35737,35739],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,35734,34516],{"class":148},[52,35736,152],{"class":66},[52,35738,18553],{"class":155},[52,35740,159],{"class":66},[37,35742,2220],{"id":2219},[487,35744,5539,35746,5542],{"id":35745},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[49,35747,34455],{},[14,35749,35750],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[487,35752,2259,35754,2262,35756,2265],{"id":35753},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[49,35755,34455],{},[49,35757,35172],{},[14,35759,35760,35762,35763,35765],{},[49,35761,34455],{}," lists available names. ",[49,35764,35172],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[487,35767,35769,35770,35772],{"id":35768},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[49,35771,34455],{}," output?",[14,35774,35775],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[487,35777,5567,35779,35781,35782,2265],{"id":35778},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[49,35780,34455],{}," help fix ",[49,35783,25811],{},[14,35785,35786,35787,35],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[26,35788,35789],{"href":35565},"object has no attribute",[37,35791,2277],{"id":2276},[227,35793,35794,35800,35805,35809,35813],{},[230,35795,35796],{},[26,35797,3969,35798,3902],{"href":35169},[49,35799,35172],{},[230,35801,35802],{},[26,35803,35804],{"href":35565},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[230,35806,35807],{},[26,35808,35296],{"href":35295},[230,35810,35811],{},[26,35812,35302],{"href":35301},[230,35814,35815],{},[26,35816,3969,35817,3902],{"href":34953},[49,35818,2699],{},[14,35820,35821,35822,35824,35825,35827],{},"A good habit is to use ",[49,35823,34455],{}," together with ",[49,35826,35172],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2315,35829,35830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":35832},[35833,35834,35836,35841,35846,35848,35849,35855,35860,35867,35868,35878],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":34632,"depth":70,"text":35835},"What dir() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":35837},[35838,35840],{"id":34685,"depth":98,"text":35839},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34741,"depth":98,"text":34527},{"id":34809,"depth":70,"text":35842,"children":35843},"Using dir() with a value",[35844,35845],{"id":34821,"depth":98,"text":34822},{"id":34882,"depth":98,"text":34883},{"id":34962,"depth":70,"text":35847},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35062,"depth":70,"text":35063},{"id":35208,"depth":70,"text":35850,"children":35851},"dir() on modules",[35852,35854],{"id":35222,"depth":98,"text":35853},"Example: math module",{"id":35305,"depth":98,"text":35306},{"id":35355,"depth":70,"text":35856,"children":35857},"dir() vs help()",[35858,35859],{"id":34516,"depth":98,"text":34455},{"id":32295,"depth":98,"text":35172},{"id":25496,"depth":70,"text":25497,"children":35861},[35862,35864,35865,35866],{"id":35461,"depth":98,"text":35863},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35482,"depth":98,"text":35483},{"id":35492,"depth":98,"text":35493},{"id":35522,"depth":98,"text":35523},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":35869},[35870,35872,35874,35876],{"id":35745,"depth":98,"text":35871},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35753,"depth":98,"text":35873},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35768,"depth":98,"text":35875},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35778,"depth":98,"text":35877},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34447,"description":35879},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35886,"title":35887,"body":35888,"description":37708,"extension":2357,"meta":37709,"navigation":141,"path":37710,"seo":37711,"stem":37712,"__hash__":37713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35889,"toc":37677},[35890,35896,35901,35904,35912,35918,35920,36000,36002,36028,36033,36038,36043,36046,36057,36060,36062,36141,36143,36169,36176,36178,36180,36205,36208,36221,36226,36228,36309,36311,36337,36346,36351,36359,36365,36372,36375,36377,36456,36459,36516,36518,36555,36561,36566,36571,36574,36588,36590,36693,36695,36738,36747,36757,36764,36770,36777,36860,36862,36885,36888,36891,36893,36897,36901,36904,36967,36990,36993,36997,37003,37005,37072,37075,37152,37157,37163,37166,37169,37215,37217,37241,37246,37250,37255,37261,37324,37327,37329,37332,37357,37360,37495,37497,37598,37600,37605,37608,37614,37624,37632,37637,37643,37649,37651,37674],[10,35891,3969,35893,3973],{"id":35892},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[49,35894,35895],{},"enumerate()",[14,35897,35898,35900],{},[49,35899,35895],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35902,35903],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[227,35905,35906,35909],{},[230,35907,35908],{},"the item itself",[230,35910,35911],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35913,35914,35915,35917],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[49,35916,35895],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[37,35919,40],{"id":39},[42,35921,35923],{"className":44,"code":35922,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[49,35924,35925,35957,35961,35984],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,35926,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947,35949,35951,35953,35955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35928,13431],{"class":58},[52,35930,63],{"class":62},[52,35932,4017],{"class":66},[52,35934,81],{"class":73},[52,35936,13448],{"class":77},[52,35938,81],{"class":73},[52,35940,193],{"class":66},[52,35942,87],{"class":73},[52,35944,17591],{"class":77},[52,35946,81],{"class":73},[52,35948,193],{"class":66},[52,35950,87],{"class":73},[52,35952,13465],{"class":77},[52,35954,81],{"class":73},[52,35956,4030],{"class":66},[52,35958,35959],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,35960,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,35962,35963,35965,35968,35970,35973,35975,35978,35980,35982],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,35964,6356],{"class":4272},[52,35966,35967],{"class":58}," index",[52,35969,193],{"class":66},[52,35971,35972],{"class":58}," color ",[52,35974,4279],{"class":4272},[52,35976,35977],{"class":148}," enumerate",[52,35979,152],{"class":66},[52,35981,17638],{"class":155},[52,35983,8737],{"class":66},[52,35985,35986,35988,35990,35993,35995,35998],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,35987,8463],{"class":148},[52,35989,152],{"class":66},[52,35991,35992],{"class":155},"index",[52,35994,193],{"class":66},[52,35996,35997],{"class":155}," color",[52,35999,159],{"class":66},[14,36001,164],{},[42,36003,36005],{"className":44,"code":36004,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[49,36006,36007,36014,36021],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36008,36009,36011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36010,2514],{"class":110},[52,36012,36013],{"class":58}," red\n",[52,36015,36016,36018],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36017,1565],{"class":110},[52,36019,36020],{"class":58}," green\n",[52,36022,36023,36025],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36024,2451],{"class":110},[52,36026,36027],{"class":58}," blue\n",[14,36029,340,36030,36032],{},[49,36031,35895],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[37,36034,4073,36036,4076],{"id":36035},"what-enumerate-does",[49,36037,35895],{},[14,36039,36040,36042],{},[49,36041,35895],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36044,36045],{},"It is commonly used with:",[227,36047,36048,36050,36052,36054],{},[230,36049,5697],{},[230,36051,5700],{},[230,36053,5706],{},[230,36055,36056],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36058,36059],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36061,511],{},[42,36063,36065],{"className":44,"code":36064,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[49,36066,36067,36101,36105,36126],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36068,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36088,36090,36092,36094,36097,36099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36070,5392],{"class":58},[52,36072,63],{"class":62},[52,36074,4017],{"class":66},[52,36076,81],{"class":73},[52,36078,90],{"class":77},[52,36080,81],{"class":73},[52,36082,193],{"class":66},[52,36084,87],{"class":73},[52,36086,36087],{"class":77},"Ben",[52,36089,81],{"class":73},[52,36091,193],{"class":66},[52,36093,87],{"class":73},[52,36095,36096],{"class":77},"Cara",[52,36098,81],{"class":73},[52,36100,4030],{"class":66},[52,36102,36103],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36104,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36106,36107,36109,36111,36113,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36108,6356],{"class":4272},[52,36110,35967],{"class":58},[52,36112,193],{"class":66},[52,36114,36115],{"class":58}," name ",[52,36117,4279],{"class":4272},[52,36119,35977],{"class":148},[52,36121,152],{"class":66},[52,36123,5436],{"class":155},[52,36125,8737],{"class":66},[52,36127,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136,36139],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36129,8463],{"class":148},[52,36131,152],{"class":66},[52,36133,35992],{"class":155},[52,36135,193],{"class":66},[52,36137,36138],{"class":155}," name",[52,36140,159],{"class":66},[14,36142,164],{},[42,36144,36146],{"className":44,"code":36145,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[49,36147,36148,36155,36162],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36149,36150,36152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36151,2514],{"class":110},[52,36153,36154],{"class":58}," Ana\n",[52,36156,36157,36159],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36158,1565],{"class":110},[52,36160,36161],{"class":58}," Ben\n",[52,36163,36164,36166],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36165,2451],{"class":110},[52,36167,36168],{"class":58}," Cara\n",[14,36170,36171,36172,35],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[26,36173,36175],{"href":36174},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[37,36177,2553],{"id":2552},[14,36179,2556],{},[42,36181,36183],{"className":44,"code":36182,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[49,36184,36185],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36186,36187,36190,36192,36194,36196,36199,36201,36203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36188,36189],{"class":148},"enumerate",[52,36191,152],{"class":66},[52,36193,4117],{"class":155},[52,36195,193],{"class":66},[52,36197,36198],{"class":834}," start",[52,36200,63],{"class":62},[52,36202,2514],{"class":110},[52,36204,159],{"class":66},[14,36206,36207],{},"It has two parts:",[227,36209,36210,36215],{},[230,36211,36212,36214],{},[49,36213,4117],{},": the object you want to loop through",[230,36216,36217,36220],{},[49,36218,36219],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36222,36223,36224,35],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[49,36225,2514],{},[14,36227,511],{},[42,36229,36231],{"className":44,"code":36230,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[49,36232,36233,36266,36270,36293],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36234,36235,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36236,36237],{"class":58},"letters ",[52,36239,63],{"class":62},[52,36241,4017],{"class":66},[52,36243,81],{"class":73},[52,36245,26],{"class":77},[52,36247,81],{"class":73},[52,36249,193],{"class":66},[52,36251,87],{"class":73},[52,36253,5157],{"class":77},[52,36255,81],{"class":73},[52,36257,193],{"class":66},[52,36259,87],{"class":73},[52,36261,10111],{"class":77},[52,36263,81],{"class":73},[52,36265,4030],{"class":66},[52,36267,36268],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36269,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36271,36272,36274,36277,36279,36282,36284,36286,36288,36291],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36273,6356],{"class":4272},[52,36275,36276],{"class":58}," i",[52,36278,193],{"class":66},[52,36280,36281],{"class":58}," letter ",[52,36283,4279],{"class":4272},[52,36285,35977],{"class":148},[52,36287,152],{"class":66},[52,36289,36290],{"class":155},"letters",[52,36292,8737],{"class":66},[52,36294,36295,36297,36299,36302,36304,36307],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36296,8463],{"class":148},[52,36298,152],{"class":66},[52,36300,36301],{"class":155},"i",[52,36303,193],{"class":66},[52,36305,36306],{"class":155}," letter",[52,36308,159],{"class":66},[14,36310,164],{},[42,36312,36314],{"className":44,"code":36313,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[49,36315,36316,36323,36330],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36317,36318,36320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36319,2514],{"class":110},[52,36321,36322],{"class":58}," a\n",[52,36324,36325,36327],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36326,1565],{"class":110},[52,36328,36329],{"class":58}," b\n",[52,36331,36332,36334],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36333,2451],{"class":110},[52,36335,36336],{"class":58}," c\n",[14,36338,36339,36340,35],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[26,36341,3969,36343,3902],{"href":36342},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[49,36344,36345],{},"range()",[37,36347,4073,36349,12063],{"id":36348},"what-enumerate-returns",[49,36350,35895],{},[14,36352,36353,36355,36356,35],{},[49,36354,35895],{}," returns an ",[18,36357,36358],{},"enumerate object",[14,36360,36361,36362,36364],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[49,36363,6356],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[227,36366,36367],{},[230,36368,36369],{},[49,36370,36371],{},"(index, item)",[14,36373,36374],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36376,511],{},[42,36378,36380],{"className":44,"code":36379,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[49,36381,36382,36415,36419,36441],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36383,36384,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36385,36386],{"class":58},"fruits ",[52,36388,63],{"class":62},[52,36390,4017],{"class":66},[52,36392,81],{"class":73},[52,36394,4474],{"class":77},[52,36396,81],{"class":73},[52,36398,193],{"class":66},[52,36400,87],{"class":73},[52,36402,4483],{"class":77},[52,36404,81],{"class":73},[52,36406,193],{"class":66},[52,36408,87],{"class":73},[52,36410,33364],{"class":77},[52,36412,81],{"class":73},[52,36414,4030],{"class":66},[52,36416,36417],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36418,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36420,36421,36423,36425,36427,36430,36432,36434,36436,36439],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36422,6356],{"class":4272},[52,36424,35967],{"class":58},[52,36426,193],{"class":66},[52,36428,36429],{"class":58}," fruit ",[52,36431,4279],{"class":4272},[52,36433,35977],{"class":148},[52,36435,152],{"class":66},[52,36437,36438],{"class":155},"fruits",[52,36440,8737],{"class":66},[52,36442,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36454],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36444,8463],{"class":148},[52,36446,152],{"class":66},[52,36448,35992],{"class":155},[52,36450,193],{"class":66},[52,36452,36453],{"class":155}," fruit",[52,36455,159],{"class":66},[14,36457,36458],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[42,36460,36462],{"className":44,"code":36461,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[49,36463,36464,36484,36488,36506],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36465,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36467,4012],{"class":58},[52,36469,63],{"class":62},[52,36471,4017],{"class":66},[52,36473,2728],{"class":110},[52,36475,193],{"class":66},[52,36477,111],{"class":110},[52,36479,193],{"class":66},[52,36481,1929],{"class":110},[52,36483,4030],{"class":66},[52,36485,36486],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36487,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36489,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36491,2626],{"class":58},[52,36493,63],{"class":62},[52,36495,22698],{"class":646},[52,36497,152],{"class":66},[52,36499,36189],{"class":148},[52,36501,152],{"class":66},[52,36503,1578],{"class":155},[52,36505,742],{"class":66},[52,36507,36508,36510,36512,36514],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36509,149],{"class":148},[52,36511,152],{"class":66},[52,36513,2661],{"class":155},[52,36515,159],{"class":66},[14,36517,164],{},[42,36519,36521],{"className":44,"code":36520,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[49,36522,36523],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36524,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36526,21878],{"class":66},[52,36528,2514],{"class":110},[52,36530,193],{"class":66},[52,36532,6403],{"class":110},[52,36534,1115],{"class":66},[52,36536,1118],{"class":66},[52,36538,1565],{"class":110},[52,36540,193],{"class":66},[52,36542,111],{"class":110},[52,36544,1115],{"class":66},[52,36546,1118],{"class":66},[52,36548,2451],{"class":110},[52,36550,193],{"class":66},[52,36552,1929],{"class":110},[52,36554,1151],{"class":66},[14,36556,36557,36558,36560],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[49,36559,35895],{}," produces.",[37,36562,5358,36564],{"id":36563},"when-to-use-enumerate",[49,36565,35895],{},[14,36567,340,36568,36570],{},[49,36569,35895],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36572,36573],{},"Common cases:",[227,36575,36576,36579,36582,36585],{},[230,36577,36578],{},"printing numbered output",[230,36580,36581],{},"building menus",[230,36583,36584],{},"showing positions in a list",[230,36586,36587],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36589,511],{},[42,36591,36593],{"className":44,"code":36592,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[49,36594,36595,36630,36634,36664],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36596,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36608,36610,36612,36614,36617,36619,36621,36623,36626,36628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36598,30039],{"class":58},[52,36600,63],{"class":62},[52,36602,4017],{"class":66},[52,36604,81],{"class":73},[52,36606,36607],{"class":77},"Wash dishes",[52,36609,81],{"class":73},[52,36611,193],{"class":66},[52,36613,87],{"class":73},[52,36615,36616],{"class":77},"Study Python",[52,36618,81],{"class":73},[52,36620,193],{"class":66},[52,36622,87],{"class":73},[52,36624,36625],{"class":77},"Go for a walk",[52,36627,81],{"class":73},[52,36629,4030],{"class":66},[52,36631,36632],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36633,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36635,36636,36638,36640,36642,36645,36647,36649,36651,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36637,6356],{"class":4272},[52,36639,2593],{"class":58},[52,36641,193],{"class":66},[52,36643,36644],{"class":58}," task ",[52,36646,4279],{"class":4272},[52,36648,35977],{"class":148},[52,36650,152],{"class":66},[52,36652,36653],{"class":155},"tasks",[52,36655,193],{"class":66},[52,36657,36198],{"class":834},[52,36659,63],{"class":62},[52,36661,1565],{"class":110},[52,36663,8737],{"class":66},[52,36665,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36687,36689,36691],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36667,8463],{"class":148},[52,36669,152],{"class":66},[52,36671,22432],{"class":774},[52,36673,81],{"class":77},[52,36675,174],{"class":110},[52,36677,2636],{"class":155},[52,36679,22441],{"class":110},[52,36681,28454],{"class":77},[52,36683,174],{"class":110},[52,36685,36686],{"class":155},"task",[52,36688,22441],{"class":110},[52,36690,81],{"class":77},[52,36692,159],{"class":66},[14,36694,164],{},[42,36696,36698],{"className":44,"code":36697,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[49,36699,36700,36712,36724],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36701,36702,36704,36706,36709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36703,1565],{"class":110},[52,36705,35],{"class":66},[52,36707,36708],{"class":24889}," Wash",[52,36710,36711],{"class":58}," dishes\n",[52,36713,36714,36716,36718,36721],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36715,2451],{"class":110},[52,36717,35],{"class":66},[52,36719,36720],{"class":24889}," Study",[52,36722,36723],{"class":58}," Python\n",[52,36725,36726,36728,36730,36733,36735],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36727,2457],{"class":110},[52,36729,35],{"class":66},[52,36731,36732],{"class":24889}," Go",[52,36734,4273],{"class":4272},[52,36736,36737],{"class":58}," a walk\n",[14,36739,36740,36741,36743,36744,35],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[49,36742,35895],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[49,36745,36746],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36748,36749,36750,35],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[26,36751,36753,36754,36756],{"href":36752},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[49,36755,35895],{}," in Python",[37,36758,36760,36761,36763],{"id":36759},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[49,36762,36219],{}," argument",[14,36765,36766,36767,36769],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[49,36768,36219],{}," argument.",[14,36771,36772,36773,11456,36775,84],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[49,36774,1565],{},[49,36776,2514],{},[42,36778,36780],{"className":44,"code":36779,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[49,36781,36782,36814,36818,36846],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36783,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36785,13431],{"class":58},[52,36787,63],{"class":62},[52,36789,4017],{"class":66},[52,36791,81],{"class":73},[52,36793,13448],{"class":77},[52,36795,81],{"class":73},[52,36797,193],{"class":66},[52,36799,87],{"class":73},[52,36801,17591],{"class":77},[52,36803,81],{"class":73},[52,36805,193],{"class":66},[52,36807,87],{"class":73},[52,36809,13465],{"class":77},[52,36811,81],{"class":73},[52,36813,4030],{"class":66},[52,36815,36816],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36817,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36819,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36821,6356],{"class":4272},[52,36823,35967],{"class":58},[52,36825,193],{"class":66},[52,36827,35972],{"class":58},[52,36829,4279],{"class":4272},[52,36831,35977],{"class":148},[52,36833,152],{"class":66},[52,36835,17638],{"class":155},[52,36837,193],{"class":66},[52,36839,36198],{"class":834},[52,36841,63],{"class":62},[52,36843,1565],{"class":110},[52,36845,8737],{"class":66},[52,36847,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36849,8463],{"class":148},[52,36851,152],{"class":66},[52,36853,35992],{"class":155},[52,36855,193],{"class":66},[52,36857,35997],{"class":155},[52,36859,159],{"class":66},[14,36861,164],{},[42,36863,36865],{"className":44,"code":36864,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[49,36866,36867,36873,36879],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36868,36869,36871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36870,1565],{"class":110},[52,36872,36013],{"class":58},[52,36874,36875,36877],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36876,2451],{"class":110},[52,36878,36020],{"class":58},[52,36880,36881,36883],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36882,2457],{"class":110},[52,36884,36027],{"class":58},[14,36886,36887],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36889,36890],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[37,36892,25497],{"id":25496},[14,36894,25500,36895,35],{},[49,36896,35895],{},[487,36898,36900],{"id":36899},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36902,36903],{},"In this loop:",[42,36905,36907],{"className":44,"code":36906,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[49,36908,36909,36929,36933,36953],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,36910,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36912,4012],{"class":58},[52,36914,63],{"class":62},[52,36916,4017],{"class":66},[52,36918,2728],{"class":110},[52,36920,193],{"class":66},[52,36922,111],{"class":110},[52,36924,193],{"class":66},[52,36926,1929],{"class":110},[52,36928,4030],{"class":66},[52,36930,36931],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,36932,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,36934,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,36936,6356],{"class":4272},[52,36938,35967],{"class":58},[52,36940,193],{"class":66},[52,36942,21722],{"class":58},[52,36944,4279],{"class":4272},[52,36946,35977],{"class":148},[52,36948,152],{"class":66},[52,36950,1578],{"class":155},[52,36952,8737],{"class":66},[52,36954,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,36956,8463],{"class":148},[52,36958,152],{"class":66},[52,36960,35992],{"class":155},[52,36962,193],{"class":66},[52,36964,8829],{"class":155},[52,36966,159],{"class":66},[227,36968,36969,36979],{},[230,36970,36971,5180,36973,2203,36975,2203,36977],{},[49,36972,35992],{},[49,36974,2514],{},[49,36976,1565],{},[49,36978,2451],{},[230,36980,36981,5180,36983,2203,36985,2203,36987],{},[49,36982,263],{},[49,36984,2728],{},[49,36986,852],{},[49,36988,36989],{},"30",[14,36991,36992],{},"These are different things.",[487,36994,36996],{"id":36995},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36998,36999,37000,37002],{},"Each item from ",[49,37001,35895],{}," is a pair.",[14,37004,951],{},[42,37006,37008],{"className":44,"code":37007,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[49,37009,37010,37034,37038,37058],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37011,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37013,8175],{"class":58},[52,37015,63],{"class":62},[52,37017,4017],{"class":66},[52,37019,81],{"class":73},[52,37021,2570],{"class":77},[52,37023,81],{"class":73},[52,37025,193],{"class":66},[52,37027,87],{"class":73},[52,37029,12102],{"class":77},[52,37031,81],{"class":73},[52,37033,4030],{"class":66},[52,37035,37036],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37037,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,37039,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37041,6356],{"class":4272},[52,37043,36276],{"class":58},[52,37045,193],{"class":66},[52,37047,6359],{"class":58},[52,37049,4279],{"class":4272},[52,37051,35977],{"class":148},[52,37053,152],{"class":66},[52,37055,8204],{"class":155},[52,37057,8737],{"class":66},[52,37059,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,37061,8463],{"class":148},[52,37063,152],{"class":66},[52,37065,36301],{"class":155},[52,37067,193],{"class":66},[52,37069,29648],{"class":155},[52,37071,159],{"class":66},[14,37073,37074],{},"But this causes an error:",[42,37076,37078],{"className":44,"code":37077,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[49,37079,37080,37104,37108,37133],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37081,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37083,8175],{"class":58},[52,37085,63],{"class":62},[52,37087,4017],{"class":66},[52,37089,81],{"class":73},[52,37091,2570],{"class":77},[52,37093,81],{"class":73},[52,37095,193],{"class":66},[52,37097,87],{"class":73},[52,37099,12102],{"class":77},[52,37101,81],{"class":73},[52,37103,4030],{"class":66},[52,37105,37106],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37107,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,37109,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37111,6356],{"class":4272},[52,37113,36276],{"class":58},[52,37115,193],{"class":66},[52,37117,29648],{"class":58},[52,37119,193],{"class":66},[52,37121,37122],{"class":58}," extra ",[52,37124,4279],{"class":4272},[52,37126,35977],{"class":148},[52,37128,152],{"class":66},[52,37130,8204],{"class":155},[52,37132,8737],{"class":66},[52,37134,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37150],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,37136,8463],{"class":148},[52,37138,152],{"class":66},[52,37140,36301],{"class":155},[52,37142,193],{"class":66},[52,37144,29648],{"class":155},[52,37146,193],{"class":66},[52,37148,37149],{"class":155}," extra",[52,37151,159],{"class":66},[14,37153,29202,37154,37156],{},[49,37155,35895],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[487,37158,37160,37162],{"id":37159},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[49,37161,35895],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37164,37165],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37167,37168],{},"Example with a string:",[42,37170,37172],{"className":44,"code":37171,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[49,37173,37174,37200],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37175,37176,37178,37180,37182,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37196,37198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37177,6356],{"class":4272},[52,37179,35967],{"class":58},[52,37181,193],{"class":66},[52,37183,37184],{"class":58}," char ",[52,37186,4279],{"class":4272},[52,37188,35977],{"class":148},[52,37190,152],{"class":66},[52,37192,81],{"class":73},[52,37194,37195],{"class":77},"cat",[52,37197,81],{"class":73},[52,37199,8737],{"class":66},[52,37201,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37213],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37203,8463],{"class":148},[52,37205,152],{"class":66},[52,37207,35992],{"class":155},[52,37209,193],{"class":66},[52,37211,37212],{"class":155}," char",[52,37214,159],{"class":66},[14,37216,164],{},[42,37218,37220],{"className":44,"code":37219,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[49,37221,37222,37228,37234],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37223,37224,37226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37225,2514],{"class":110},[52,37227,36336],{"class":58},[52,37229,37230,37232],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37231,1565],{"class":110},[52,37233,36322],{"class":58},[52,37235,37236,37238],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37237,2451],{"class":110},[52,37239,37240],{"class":58}," t\n",[14,37242,37243,37244,35],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[26,37245,5533],{"href":5984},[487,37247,37249],{"id":37248},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37251,37252,37253,35],{},"You do not always need ",[49,37254,35895],{},[14,37256,37257,37258,37260],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[49,37259,6356],{}," loop:",[42,37262,37264],{"className":44,"code":37263,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[49,37265,37266,37298,37302,37314],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37267,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37269,13431],{"class":58},[52,37271,63],{"class":62},[52,37273,4017],{"class":66},[52,37275,81],{"class":73},[52,37277,13448],{"class":77},[52,37279,81],{"class":73},[52,37281,193],{"class":66},[52,37283,87],{"class":73},[52,37285,17591],{"class":77},[52,37287,81],{"class":73},[52,37289,193],{"class":66},[52,37291,87],{"class":73},[52,37293,13465],{"class":77},[52,37295,81],{"class":73},[52,37297,4030],{"class":66},[52,37299,37300],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37301,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,37303,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37305,6356],{"class":4272},[52,37307,35972],{"class":58},[52,37309,4279],{"class":4272},[52,37311,13479],{"class":58},[52,37313,6792],{"class":66},[52,37315,37316,37318,37320,37322],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,37317,8463],{"class":148},[52,37319,152],{"class":66},[52,37321,33034],{"class":155},[52,37323,159],{"class":66},[14,37325,37326],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[37,37328,1743],{"id":1742},[14,37330,37331],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[227,37333,37334,37339,37345,37350],{},[230,37335,23239,37336,37338],{},[49,37337,35895],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[230,37340,37341,37342,37344],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[49,37343,2514],{}," by default",[230,37346,8813,37347,37349],{},[49,37348,35895],{}," when only values are needed",[230,37351,37352,37353,9101,37355],{},"Confusing ",[49,37354,35895],{},[49,37356,36345],{},[14,37358,37359],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[42,37361,37363],{"className":44,"code":37362,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[49,37364,37365,37387,37414,37448,37481],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37366,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37368,149],{"class":148},[52,37370,152],{"class":66},[52,37372,36189],{"class":148},[52,37374,2152],{"class":66},[52,37376,2728],{"class":110},[52,37378,193],{"class":66},[52,37380,111],{"class":110},[52,37382,193],{"class":66},[52,37384,1929],{"class":110},[52,37386,3395],{"class":66},[52,37388,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37390,149],{"class":148},[52,37392,152],{"class":66},[52,37394,8488],{"class":646},[52,37396,152],{"class":66},[52,37398,36189],{"class":148},[52,37400,2152],{"class":66},[52,37402,2728],{"class":110},[52,37404,193],{"class":66},[52,37406,111],{"class":110},[52,37408,193],{"class":66},[52,37410,1929],{"class":110},[52,37412,37413],{"class":66},"])))\n",[52,37415,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37417,149],{"class":148},[52,37419,152],{"class":66},[52,37421,8488],{"class":646},[52,37423,152],{"class":66},[52,37425,36189],{"class":148},[52,37427,2152],{"class":66},[52,37429,2728],{"class":110},[52,37431,193],{"class":66},[52,37433,111],{"class":110},[52,37435,193],{"class":66},[52,37437,1929],{"class":110},[52,37439,18198],{"class":66},[52,37441,36198],{"class":834},[52,37443,63],{"class":62},[52,37445,1565],{"class":110},[52,37447,1291],{"class":66},[52,37449,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,37451,6356],{"class":4272},[52,37453,36276],{"class":58},[52,37455,193],{"class":66},[52,37457,21722],{"class":58},[52,37459,4279],{"class":4272},[52,37461,35977],{"class":148},[52,37463,2152],{"class":66},[52,37465,177],{"class":73},[52,37467,26],{"class":77},[52,37469,177],{"class":73},[52,37471,193],{"class":66},[52,37473,186],{"class":73},[52,37475,5157],{"class":77},[52,37477,177],{"class":73},[52,37479,37480],{"class":66},"]):\n",[52,37482,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,37484,8463],{"class":148},[52,37486,152],{"class":66},[52,37488,36301],{"class":155},[52,37490,193],{"class":66},[52,37492,8829],{"class":155},[52,37494,159],{"class":66},[14,37496,2093],{},[42,37498,37500],{"className":44,"code":37499,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[49,37501,37502,37522,37554,37586,37592],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37503,37504,37506,37508,37510,37513,37517,37520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37505,771],{"class":62},[52,37507,36189],{"class":148},[52,37509,24756],{"class":646},[52,37511,37512],{"class":58}," at ",[52,37514,37516],{"class":37515},"srjyR","0x",[52,37518,37519],{"class":34597},"...",[52,37521,785],{"class":62},[52,37523,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37525,21878],{"class":66},[52,37527,2514],{"class":110},[52,37529,193],{"class":66},[52,37531,6403],{"class":110},[52,37533,1115],{"class":66},[52,37535,1118],{"class":66},[52,37537,1565],{"class":110},[52,37539,193],{"class":66},[52,37541,111],{"class":110},[52,37543,1115],{"class":66},[52,37545,1118],{"class":66},[52,37547,2451],{"class":110},[52,37549,193],{"class":66},[52,37551,1929],{"class":110},[52,37553,1151],{"class":66},[52,37555,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37557,21878],{"class":66},[52,37559,1565],{"class":110},[52,37561,193],{"class":66},[52,37563,6403],{"class":110},[52,37565,1115],{"class":66},[52,37567,1118],{"class":66},[52,37569,2451],{"class":110},[52,37571,193],{"class":66},[52,37573,111],{"class":110},[52,37575,1115],{"class":66},[52,37577,1118],{"class":66},[52,37579,2457],{"class":110},[52,37581,193],{"class":66},[52,37583,1929],{"class":110},[52,37585,1151],{"class":66},[52,37587,37588,37590],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,37589,2514],{"class":110},[52,37591,36322],{"class":58},[52,37593,37594,37596],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,37595,1565],{"class":110},[52,37597,36329],{"class":58},[37,37599,2220],{"id":2219},[487,37601,5539,37603,5542],{"id":37602},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[49,37604,35895],{},[14,37606,37607],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[487,37609,13061,37611,37613],{"id":37610},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[49,37612,35895],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37615,37616,37617,37619,37620,37623],{},"It starts at ",[49,37618,2514],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[49,37621,37622],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[487,37625,21558,37627,11456,37629,2265],{"id":37626},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[49,37628,35895],{},[49,37630,37631],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37633,36740,37634,37636],{},[49,37635,35895],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[487,37638,5567,37640,37642],{"id":37639},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[49,37641,35895],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37644,37645,37646,37648],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[49,37647,35895],{}," can return each character with its index.",[37,37650,2277],{"id":2276},[227,37652,37653,37657,37663,37670],{},[230,37654,37655],{},[26,37656,36175],{"href":36174},[230,37658,37659],{},[26,37660,3969,37661,3902],{"href":36342},[49,37662,36345],{},[230,37664,37665],{},[26,37666,37667,37668,36756],{"href":36752},"How to use ",[49,37669,35895],{},[230,37671,37672],{},[26,37673,5613],{"href":5984},[2315,37675,37676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":37678},[37679,37680,37682,37683,37685,37687,37689,37696,37697,37707],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":36035,"depth":70,"text":37681},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":36348,"depth":70,"text":37684},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36563,"depth":70,"text":37686},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36759,"depth":70,"text":37688},"Using the start argument",{"id":25496,"depth":70,"text":25497,"children":37690},[37691,37692,37693,37695],{"id":36899,"depth":98,"text":36900},{"id":36995,"depth":98,"text":36996},{"id":37159,"depth":98,"text":37694},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37248,"depth":98,"text":37249},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":37698},[37699,37701,37703,37705],{"id":37602,"depth":98,"text":37700},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37610,"depth":98,"text":37702},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37626,"depth":98,"text":37704},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37639,"depth":98,"text":37706},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35887,"description":37708},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37715,"title":37716,"body":37717,"description":40233,"extension":2357,"meta":40234,"navigation":141,"path":40235,"seo":40236,"stem":40237,"__hash__":40238},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37718,"toc":40190},[37719,37725,37730,37733,37741,37755,37757,37848,37856,37861,37866,37868,37884,37886,37965,37967,37984,37990,37994,37996,38017,38021,38024,38036,38040,38043,38046,38063,38066,38142,38144,38161,38166,38170,38178,38181,38196,38198,38287,38289,38334,38337,38341,38344,38423,38425,38447,38450,38457,38462,38465,38568,38570,38595,38598,38605,38611,38616,38619,38630,38736,38738,38759,38767,38774,38780,38799,38804,38807,38826,38828,38913,38915,38944,38947,38952,38957,38960,38971,38973,39062,39064,39084,39090,39196,39198,39218,39221,39305,39307,39327,39334,39336,39340,39346,39349,39406,39409,39412,39473,39482,39485,39488,39516,39519,39579,39581,39598,39602,39605,39683,39685,39705,39708,39783,39787,39790,39792,39801,39806,39808,39859,39867,39879,39884,39945,39947,39964,39968,40031,40033,40058,40066,40068,40074,40080,40087,40095,40101,40104,40111,40121,40127,40133,40136,40153,40159,40161,40187],[10,37720,3969,37722,3973],{"id":37721},"python-filter-function-explained",[49,37723,37724],{},"filter()",[14,37726,37727,37729],{},[49,37728,37724],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37731,37732],{},"It takes:",[227,37734,37735,37738],{},[230,37736,37737],{},"a function that checks each item",[230,37739,37740],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37742,37743,37744,37747,37748,37751,37752,37754],{},"The result is ",[18,37745,37746],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[49,37749,37750],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[49,37753,24920],{}," to see the values.",[37,37756,40],{"id":39},[42,37758,37760],{"className":44,"code":37759,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[49,37761,37762,37795,37831],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37763,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37765,4012],{"class":58},[52,37767,63],{"class":62},[52,37769,4017],{"class":66},[52,37771,1565],{"class":110},[52,37773,193],{"class":66},[52,37775,1570],{"class":110},[52,37777,193],{"class":66},[52,37779,2850],{"class":110},[52,37781,193],{"class":66},[52,37783,2856],{"class":110},[52,37785,193],{"class":66},[52,37787,5002],{"class":110},[52,37789,193],{"class":66},[52,37791,37792],{"class":110}," 6",[52,37794,4030],{"class":66},[52,37796,37797,37799,37801,37804,37806,37809,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37798,2626],{"class":58},[52,37800,63],{"class":62},[52,37802,37803],{"class":148}," filter",[52,37805,152],{"class":66},[52,37807,37808],{"class":774},"lambda",[52,37810,37812],{"class":37811},"sFwrP"," x",[52,37814,84],{"class":66},[52,37816,4276],{"class":155},[52,37818,6802],{"class":62},[52,37820,1570],{"class":110},[52,37822,6807],{"class":62},[52,37824,4229],{"class":110},[52,37826,193],{"class":66},[52,37828,4659],{"class":155},[52,37830,159],{"class":66},[52,37832,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37834,149],{"class":148},[52,37836,152],{"class":66},[52,37838,8488],{"class":646},[52,37840,152],{"class":66},[52,37842,2661],{"class":155},[52,37844,5758],{"class":66},[52,37846,37847],{"class":1017},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37849,37850,37852,37853,37855],{},[49,37851,37724],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[49,37854,24920],{}," to see the results.",[37,37857,4073,37859,4076],{"id":37858},"what-filter-does",[49,37860,37724],{},[14,37862,37863,37865],{},[49,37864,37724],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37867,2501],{},[227,37869,37870,37873,37879],{},[230,37871,37872],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[230,37874,37875,37876,37878],{},"if the test returns ",[49,37877,862],{},", the item is kept",[230,37880,37875,37881,37883],{},[49,37882,4069],{},", the item is removed",[14,37885,511],{},[42,37887,37889],{"className":44,"code":37888,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,37890,37891,37919,37923,37951],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37892,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37894,4012],{"class":58},[52,37896,63],{"class":62},[52,37898,4017],{"class":66},[52,37900,1565],{"class":110},[52,37902,193],{"class":66},[52,37904,1570],{"class":110},[52,37906,193],{"class":66},[52,37908,2850],{"class":110},[52,37910,193],{"class":66},[52,37912,2856],{"class":110},[52,37914,193],{"class":66},[52,37916,5002],{"class":110},[52,37918,4030],{"class":66},[52,37920,37921],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,37922,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,37924,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,37926,2626],{"class":58},[52,37928,63],{"class":62},[52,37930,37803],{"class":148},[52,37932,152],{"class":66},[52,37934,37808],{"class":774},[52,37936,37812],{"class":37811},[52,37938,84],{"class":66},[52,37940,4276],{"class":155},[52,37942,4648],{"class":62},[52,37944,2850],{"class":110},[52,37946,193],{"class":66},[52,37948,4659],{"class":155},[52,37950,159],{"class":66},[52,37952,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,37954,149],{"class":148},[52,37956,152],{"class":66},[52,37958,8488],{"class":646},[52,37960,152],{"class":66},[52,37962,2661],{"class":155},[52,37964,742],{"class":66},[14,37966,164],{},[42,37968,37970],{"className":44,"code":37969,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[4, 5]\n",[49,37971,37972],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,37973,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37975,1709],{"class":66},[52,37977,2903],{"class":110},[52,37979,193],{"class":66},[52,37981,5002],{"class":110},[52,37983,4030],{"class":66},[14,37985,37986,37987,37989],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[49,37988,2457],{}," are kept.",[37,37991,37993],{"id":37992},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37995,2556],{},[42,37997,37999],{"className":44,"code":37998,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[49,38000,38001],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38002,38003,38005,38007,38010,38012,38015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38004,37750],{"class":148},[52,38006,152],{"class":66},[52,38008,38009],{"class":155},"function",[52,38011,193],{"class":66},[52,38013,38014],{"class":155}," iterable",[52,38016,159],{"class":66},[487,38018,38019],{"id":38009},[49,38020,38009],{},[14,38022,38023],{},"This is the test function.",[227,38025,38026,38029],{},[230,38027,38028],{},"It receives one item at a time",[230,38030,38031,38032,30,38034],{},"It should return ",[49,38033,862],{},[49,38035,4069],{},[487,38037,38038],{"id":4117},[49,38039,4117],{},[14,38041,38042],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38044,38045],{},"It can be:",[227,38047,38048,38051,38054,38057,38060],{},[230,38049,38050],{},"a list",[230,38052,38053],{},"a tuple",[230,38055,38056],{},"a string",[230,38058,38059],{},"a set",[230,38061,38062],{},"another iterable object",[14,38064,38065],{},"Example with a tuple:",[42,38067,38069],{"className":44,"code":38068,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,38070,38071,38096,38100,38128],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38072,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38074,4012],{"class":58},[52,38076,63],{"class":62},[52,38078,1118],{"class":66},[52,38080,2728],{"class":110},[52,38082,193],{"class":66},[52,38084,38085],{"class":110}," 15",[52,38087,193],{"class":66},[52,38089,111],{"class":110},[52,38091,193],{"class":66},[52,38093,9684],{"class":110},[52,38095,159],{"class":66},[52,38097,38098],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38099,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38101,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38103,2626],{"class":58},[52,38105,63],{"class":62},[52,38107,37803],{"class":148},[52,38109,152],{"class":66},[52,38111,37808],{"class":774},[52,38113,37812],{"class":37811},[52,38115,84],{"class":66},[52,38117,4276],{"class":155},[52,38119,5495],{"class":62},[52,38121,111],{"class":110},[52,38123,193],{"class":66},[52,38125,4659],{"class":155},[52,38127,159],{"class":66},[52,38129,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,38131,149],{"class":148},[52,38133,152],{"class":66},[52,38135,8488],{"class":646},[52,38137,152],{"class":66},[52,38139,2661],{"class":155},[52,38141,742],{"class":66},[14,38143,164],{},[42,38145,38147],{"className":44,"code":38146,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[20, 25]\n",[49,38148,38149],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38150,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38152,1709],{"class":66},[52,38154,852],{"class":110},[52,38156,193],{"class":66},[52,38158,9684],{"class":110},[52,38160,4030],{"class":66},[14,38162,38163,38164,35],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[26,38165,5533],{"href":5984},[37,38167,38169],{"id":38168},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38171,38172,38173,22113,38175,35],{},"In Python 3, ",[49,38174,37724],{},[18,38176,38177],{},"filter object",[14,38179,38180],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[227,38182,38183,38186,38191],{},[230,38184,38185],{},"loop through it",[230,38187,38188,38189],{},"convert it with ",[49,38190,24920],{},[230,38192,38188,38193],{},[49,38194,38195],{},"tuple()",[14,38197,511],{},[42,38199,38201],{"className":44,"code":38200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,38202,38203,38245,38249,38259,38273],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38204,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38206,2626],{"class":58},[52,38208,63],{"class":62},[52,38210,37803],{"class":148},[52,38212,152],{"class":66},[52,38214,37808],{"class":774},[52,38216,37812],{"class":37811},[52,38218,84],{"class":66},[52,38220,4276],{"class":155},[52,38222,4648],{"class":62},[52,38224,1570],{"class":110},[52,38226,193],{"class":66},[52,38228,4017],{"class":66},[52,38230,1565],{"class":110},[52,38232,193],{"class":66},[52,38234,1570],{"class":110},[52,38236,193],{"class":66},[52,38238,2850],{"class":110},[52,38240,193],{"class":66},[52,38242,2856],{"class":110},[52,38244,1718],{"class":66},[52,38246,38247],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38248,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38250,38251,38253,38255,38257],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38252,149],{"class":148},[52,38254,152],{"class":66},[52,38256,2661],{"class":155},[52,38258,159],{"class":66},[52,38260,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,38262,149],{"class":148},[52,38264,152],{"class":66},[52,38266,734],{"class":646},[52,38268,152],{"class":66},[52,38270,2661],{"class":155},[52,38272,742],{"class":66},[52,38274,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,38276,149],{"class":148},[52,38278,152],{"class":66},[52,38280,8488],{"class":646},[52,38282,152],{"class":66},[52,38284,2661],{"class":155},[52,38286,742],{"class":66},[14,38288,164],{},[42,38290,38292],{"className":44,"code":38291,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[49,38293,38294,38308,38322],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38295,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38297,771],{"class":62},[52,38299,37750],{"class":148},[52,38301,24756],{"class":646},[52,38303,37512],{"class":58},[52,38305,37519],{"class":34597},[52,38307,785],{"class":62},[52,38309,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38311,771],{"class":62},[52,38313,775],{"class":774},[52,38315,186],{"class":73},[52,38317,37750],{"class":77},[52,38319,177],{"class":73},[52,38321,785],{"class":62},[52,38323,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38325,1709],{"class":66},[52,38327,2457],{"class":110},[52,38329,193],{"class":66},[52,38331,2856],{"class":110},[52,38333,4030],{"class":66},[14,38335,38336],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[487,38338,38340],{"id":38339},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38342,38343],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[42,38345,38347],{"className":44,"code":38346,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,38348,38349,38391,38395,38409],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38350,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38352,2626],{"class":58},[52,38354,63],{"class":62},[52,38356,37803],{"class":148},[52,38358,152],{"class":66},[52,38360,37808],{"class":774},[52,38362,37812],{"class":37811},[52,38364,84],{"class":66},[52,38366,4276],{"class":155},[52,38368,4648],{"class":62},[52,38370,1570],{"class":110},[52,38372,193],{"class":66},[52,38374,4017],{"class":66},[52,38376,1565],{"class":110},[52,38378,193],{"class":66},[52,38380,1570],{"class":110},[52,38382,193],{"class":66},[52,38384,2850],{"class":110},[52,38386,193],{"class":66},[52,38388,2856],{"class":110},[52,38390,1718],{"class":66},[52,38392,38393],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38394,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38396,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38398,149],{"class":148},[52,38400,152],{"class":66},[52,38402,8488],{"class":646},[52,38404,152],{"class":66},[52,38406,2661],{"class":155},[52,38408,742],{"class":66},[52,38410,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,38412,149],{"class":148},[52,38414,152],{"class":66},[52,38416,8488],{"class":646},[52,38418,152],{"class":66},[52,38420,2661],{"class":155},[52,38422,742],{"class":66},[14,38424,164],{},[42,38426,38428],{"className":44,"code":38427,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[49,38429,38430,38442],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38433,1709],{"class":66},[52,38435,2457],{"class":110},[52,38437,193],{"class":66},[52,38439,2856],{"class":110},[52,38441,4030],{"class":66},[52,38443,38444],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38445,38446],{"class":66},"[]\n",[14,38448,38449],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[37,38451,8813,38453,9101,38455],{"id":38452},"using-filter-with-lambda",[49,38454,37724],{},[49,38456,37808],{},[14,38458,254,38459,38461],{},[49,38460,37808],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38463,38464],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[42,38466,38468],{"className":44,"code":38467,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,38469,38470,38512,38516,38554],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38471,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38508,38510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38473,4465],{"class":58},[52,38475,63],{"class":62},[52,38477,4017],{"class":66},[52,38479,81],{"class":73},[52,38481,4474],{"class":77},[52,38483,81],{"class":73},[52,38485,193],{"class":66},[52,38487,87],{"class":73},[52,38489,38490],{"class":77},"kiwi",[52,38492,81],{"class":73},[52,38494,193],{"class":66},[52,38496,87],{"class":73},[52,38498,4483],{"class":77},[52,38500,81],{"class":73},[52,38502,193],{"class":66},[52,38504,87],{"class":73},[52,38506,38507],{"class":77},"fig",[52,38509,81],{"class":73},[52,38511,4030],{"class":66},[52,38513,38514],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38515,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38517,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528,38531,38533,38536,38538,38541,38543,38546,38548,38550,38552],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38519,2626],{"class":58},[52,38521,63],{"class":62},[52,38523,37803],{"class":148},[52,38525,152],{"class":66},[52,38527,37808],{"class":774},[52,38529,38530],{"class":37811}," word",[52,38532,84],{"class":66},[52,38534,38535],{"class":148}," len",[52,38537,152],{"class":66},[52,38539,38540],{"class":155},"word",[52,38542,4056],{"class":66},[52,38544,38545],{"class":62}," >",[52,38547,2856],{"class":110},[52,38549,193],{"class":66},[52,38551,6567],{"class":155},[52,38553,159],{"class":66},[52,38555,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,38557,149],{"class":148},[52,38559,152],{"class":66},[52,38561,8488],{"class":646},[52,38563,152],{"class":66},[52,38565,2661],{"class":155},[52,38567,742],{"class":66},[14,38569,164],{},[42,38571,38573],{"className":44,"code":38572,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[49,38574,38575],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38576,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38578,1709],{"class":66},[52,38580,177],{"class":73},[52,38582,4474],{"class":77},[52,38584,177],{"class":73},[52,38586,193],{"class":66},[52,38588,186],{"class":73},[52,38590,4483],{"class":77},[52,38592,177],{"class":73},[52,38594,4030],{"class":66},[14,38596,38597],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38599,38600,38601,35],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[26,38602,38604],{"href":38603},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[37,38606,8813,38608,38610],{"id":38607},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[49,38609,37724],{}," with a named function",[14,38612,38613,38614,35],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[49,38615,37808],{},[14,38617,38618],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[227,38620,38621,38624,38627],{},[230,38622,38623],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[230,38625,38626],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[230,38628,38629],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[42,38631,38633],{"className":44,"code":38632,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,38634,38635,38648,38663,38667,38699,38718,38722],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38636,38637,38639,38642,38644,38646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38638,34996],{"class":774},[52,38640,38641],{"class":34999}," is_even",[52,38643,152],{"class":66},[52,38645,2636],{"class":37811},[52,38647,8737],{"class":66},[52,38649,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38651,35007],{"class":4272},[52,38653,6785],{"class":58},[52,38655,6802],{"class":62},[52,38657,1570],{"class":110},[52,38659,6807],{"class":62},[52,38661,38662],{"class":110}," 0\n",[52,38664,38665],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38666,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38668,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,38670,4012],{"class":58},[52,38672,63],{"class":62},[52,38674,4017],{"class":66},[52,38676,1565],{"class":110},[52,38678,193],{"class":66},[52,38680,1570],{"class":110},[52,38682,193],{"class":66},[52,38684,2850],{"class":110},[52,38686,193],{"class":66},[52,38688,2856],{"class":110},[52,38690,193],{"class":66},[52,38692,5002],{"class":110},[52,38694,193],{"class":66},[52,38696,37792],{"class":110},[52,38698,4030],{"class":66},[52,38700,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38712,38714,38716],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,38702,2626],{"class":58},[52,38704,63],{"class":62},[52,38706,37803],{"class":148},[52,38708,152],{"class":66},[52,38710,38711],{"class":155},"is_even",[52,38713,193],{"class":66},[52,38715,4659],{"class":155},[52,38717,159],{"class":66},[52,38719,38720],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,38721,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38723,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,38725,149],{"class":148},[52,38727,152],{"class":66},[52,38729,8488],{"class":646},[52,38731,152],{"class":66},[52,38733,2661],{"class":155},[52,38735,742],{"class":66},[14,38737,164],{},[42,38739,38741],{"className":44,"code":38740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[49,38742,38743],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38744,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38746,1709],{"class":66},[52,38748,2451],{"class":110},[52,38750,193],{"class":66},[52,38752,2856],{"class":110},[52,38754,193],{"class":66},[52,38756,37792],{"class":110},[52,38758,4030],{"class":66},[14,38760,20908,38761,2795,38764,38766],{},[49,38762,38763],{},"is_even()",[49,38765,862],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[37,38768,8813,38770,9101,38772],{"id":38769},"using-none-with-filter",[49,38771,4175],{},[49,38773,37724],{},[14,38775,38776,38777,38779],{},"You can pass ",[49,38778,4175],{}," as the first argument:",[42,38781,38783],{"className":44,"code":38782,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[49,38784,38785],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38786,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38788,37750],{"class":148},[52,38790,152],{"class":66},[52,38792,4175],{"class":128},[52,38794,193],{"class":66},[52,38796,38014],{"class":155},[52,38798,159],{"class":66},[14,38800,38801,38802,7736],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[18,38803,5994],{},[14,38805,38806],{},"Falsy values include:",[227,38808,38809,38813,38818,38822],{},[230,38810,38811],{},[49,38812,2514],{},[230,38814,38815,38817],{},[49,38816,4170],{}," (empty string)",[230,38819,38820],{},[49,38821,4175],{},[230,38823,38824],{},[49,38825,4069],{},[14,38827,511],{},[42,38829,38831],{"className":44,"code":38830,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,38832,38833,38877,38881,38899],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38834,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38836,8175],{"class":58},[52,38838,63],{"class":62},[52,38840,4017],{"class":66},[52,38842,2514],{"class":110},[52,38844,193],{"class":66},[52,38846,5895],{"class":110},[52,38848,193],{"class":66},[52,38850,6525],{"class":73},[52,38852,193],{"class":66},[52,38854,87],{"class":73},[52,38856,4241],{"class":77},[52,38858,81],{"class":73},[52,38860,193],{"class":66},[52,38862,4248],{"class":128},[52,38864,193],{"class":66},[52,38866,216],{"class":128},[52,38868,193],{"class":66},[52,38870,4302],{"class":128},[52,38872,193],{"class":66},[52,38874,5002],{"class":110},[52,38876,4030],{"class":66},[52,38878,38879],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,38880,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,38882,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,38884,2626],{"class":58},[52,38886,63],{"class":62},[52,38888,37803],{"class":148},[52,38890,152],{"class":66},[52,38892,4175],{"class":128},[52,38894,193],{"class":66},[52,38896,6364],{"class":155},[52,38898,159],{"class":66},[52,38900,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,38902,149],{"class":148},[52,38904,152],{"class":66},[52,38906,8488],{"class":646},[52,38908,152],{"class":66},[52,38910,2661],{"class":155},[52,38912,742],{"class":66},[14,38914,164],{},[42,38916,38918],{"className":44,"code":38917,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[49,38919,38920],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38921,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38923,1709],{"class":66},[52,38925,1565],{"class":110},[52,38927,193],{"class":66},[52,38929,186],{"class":73},[52,38931,4241],{"class":77},[52,38933,177],{"class":73},[52,38935,193],{"class":66},[52,38937,216],{"class":128},[52,38939,193],{"class":66},[52,38941,5002],{"class":110},[52,38943,4030],{"class":66},[14,38945,38946],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[37,38948,5358,38950],{"id":38949},"when-to-use-filter",[49,38951,37724],{},[14,38953,340,38954,38956],{},[49,38955,37724],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38958,38959],{},"It works well for:",[227,38961,38962,38965,38968],{},[230,38963,38964],{},"simple filtering rules",[230,38966,38967],{},"quick data cleaning",[230,38969,38970],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38972,511],{},[42,38974,38976],{"className":44,"code":38975,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[49,38977,38978,39010,39043,39047],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,38979,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38981,4012],{"class":58},[52,38983,63],{"class":62},[52,38985,4017],{"class":66},[52,38987,1565],{"class":110},[52,38989,193],{"class":66},[52,38991,1570],{"class":110},[52,38993,193],{"class":66},[52,38995,2850],{"class":110},[52,38997,193],{"class":66},[52,38999,2856],{"class":110},[52,39001,193],{"class":66},[52,39003,5002],{"class":110},[52,39005,193],{"class":66},[52,39007,37792],{"class":110},[52,39009,4030],{"class":66},[52,39011,39012,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39013,39014],{"class":58},"evens ",[52,39016,63],{"class":62},[52,39018,37803],{"class":148},[52,39020,152],{"class":66},[52,39022,37808],{"class":774},[52,39024,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39026,84],{"class":66},[52,39028,4276],{"class":155},[52,39030,6802],{"class":62},[52,39032,1570],{"class":110},[52,39034,6807],{"class":62},[52,39036,4229],{"class":110},[52,39038,193],{"class":66},[52,39040,4659],{"class":155},[52,39042,159],{"class":66},[52,39044,39045],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,39046,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,39048,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39060],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,39050,149],{"class":148},[52,39052,152],{"class":66},[52,39054,8488],{"class":646},[52,39056,152],{"class":66},[52,39058,39059],{"class":155},"evens",[52,39061,742],{"class":66},[14,39063,164],{},[42,39065,39066],{"className":44,"code":38740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,39067,39068],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39069,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39071,1709],{"class":66},[52,39073,2451],{"class":110},[52,39075,193],{"class":66},[52,39077,2856],{"class":110},[52,39079,193],{"class":66},[52,39081,37792],{"class":110},[52,39083,4030],{"class":66},[14,39085,39086,39087,39089],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[49,39088,6356],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[42,39091,39093],{"className":44,"code":39092,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[49,39094,39095,39127,39135,39139,39151,39167,39182,39186],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39096,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39098,4012],{"class":58},[52,39100,63],{"class":62},[52,39102,4017],{"class":66},[52,39104,1565],{"class":110},[52,39106,193],{"class":66},[52,39108,1570],{"class":110},[52,39110,193],{"class":66},[52,39112,2850],{"class":110},[52,39114,193],{"class":66},[52,39116,2856],{"class":110},[52,39118,193],{"class":66},[52,39120,5002],{"class":110},[52,39122,193],{"class":66},[52,39124,37792],{"class":110},[52,39126,4030],{"class":66},[52,39128,39129,39131,39133],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39130,39014],{"class":58},[52,39132,63],{"class":62},[52,39134,8233],{"class":66},[52,39136,39137],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,39138,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,39140,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,39142,6356],{"class":4272},[52,39144,6785],{"class":58},[52,39146,4279],{"class":4272},[52,39148,4659],{"class":58},[52,39150,6792],{"class":66},[52,39152,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,39154,6797],{"class":4272},[52,39156,6785],{"class":58},[52,39158,6802],{"class":62},[52,39160,1570],{"class":110},[52,39162,6807],{"class":62},[52,39164,4229],{"class":110},[52,39166,6792],{"class":66},[52,39168,39169,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,39170,39171],{"class":58},"        evens",[52,39173,35],{"class":66},[52,39175,13909],{"class":155},[52,39177,152],{"class":66},[52,39179,2636],{"class":155},[52,39181,159],{"class":66},[52,39183,39184],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,39185,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,39187,39188,39190,39192,39194],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,39189,149],{"class":148},[52,39191,152],{"class":66},[52,39193,39059],{"class":155},[52,39195,159],{"class":66},[14,39197,164],{},[42,39199,39200],{"className":44,"code":38740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,39201,39202],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39203,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39205,1709],{"class":66},[52,39207,2451],{"class":110},[52,39209,193],{"class":66},[52,39211,2856],{"class":110},[52,39213,193],{"class":66},[52,39215,37792],{"class":110},[52,39217,4030],{"class":66},[14,39219,39220],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[42,39222,39224],{"className":44,"code":39223,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[49,39225,39226,39258,39291,39295],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39227,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39229,4012],{"class":58},[52,39231,63],{"class":62},[52,39233,4017],{"class":66},[52,39235,1565],{"class":110},[52,39237,193],{"class":66},[52,39239,1570],{"class":110},[52,39241,193],{"class":66},[52,39243,2850],{"class":110},[52,39245,193],{"class":66},[52,39247,2856],{"class":110},[52,39249,193],{"class":66},[52,39251,5002],{"class":110},[52,39253,193],{"class":66},[52,39255,37792],{"class":110},[52,39257,4030],{"class":66},[52,39259,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39261,39014],{"class":58},[52,39263,63],{"class":62},[52,39265,4017],{"class":66},[52,39267,2613],{"class":58},[52,39269,6356],{"class":4272},[52,39271,6785],{"class":58},[52,39273,4279],{"class":4272},[52,39275,39276],{"class":58}," numbers ",[52,39278,7395],{"class":4272},[52,39280,6785],{"class":58},[52,39282,6802],{"class":62},[52,39284,1570],{"class":110},[52,39286,6807],{"class":62},[52,39288,4229],{"class":110},[52,39290,4030],{"class":66},[52,39292,39293],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,39294,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,39296,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,39298,149],{"class":148},[52,39300,152],{"class":66},[52,39302,39059],{"class":155},[52,39304,159],{"class":66},[14,39306,164],{},[42,39308,39309],{"className":44,"code":38740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,39310,39311],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39312,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39314,1709],{"class":66},[52,39316,2451],{"class":110},[52,39318,193],{"class":66},[52,39320,2856],{"class":110},[52,39322,193],{"class":66},[52,39324,37792],{"class":110},[52,39326,4030],{"class":66},[14,39328,39329,39330,35],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[26,39331,39333],{"href":39332},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[37,39335,1743],{"id":1742},[14,39337,15088,39338,35],{},[49,39339,37724],{},[487,39341,8849,39343,39345],{"id":39342},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[49,39344,37724],{}," to return a list",[14,39347,39348],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[42,39350,39352],{"className":44,"code":39351,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[49,39353,39354,39396],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39355,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39357,2626],{"class":58},[52,39359,63],{"class":62},[52,39361,37803],{"class":148},[52,39363,152],{"class":66},[52,39365,37808],{"class":774},[52,39367,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39369,84],{"class":66},[52,39371,4276],{"class":155},[52,39373,4648],{"class":62},[52,39375,1570],{"class":110},[52,39377,193],{"class":66},[52,39379,4017],{"class":66},[52,39381,1565],{"class":110},[52,39383,193],{"class":66},[52,39385,1570],{"class":110},[52,39387,193],{"class":66},[52,39389,2850],{"class":110},[52,39391,193],{"class":66},[52,39393,2856],{"class":110},[52,39395,1718],{"class":66},[52,39397,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39399,149],{"class":148},[52,39401,152],{"class":66},[52,39403,2661],{"class":155},[52,39405,159],{"class":66},[14,39407,39408],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39410,39411],{},"Fix:",[42,39413,39415],{"className":44,"code":39414,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,39416,39417,39459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39418,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39420,2626],{"class":58},[52,39422,63],{"class":62},[52,39424,37803],{"class":148},[52,39426,152],{"class":66},[52,39428,37808],{"class":774},[52,39430,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39432,84],{"class":66},[52,39434,4276],{"class":155},[52,39436,4648],{"class":62},[52,39438,1570],{"class":110},[52,39440,193],{"class":66},[52,39442,4017],{"class":66},[52,39444,1565],{"class":110},[52,39446,193],{"class":66},[52,39448,1570],{"class":110},[52,39450,193],{"class":66},[52,39452,2850],{"class":110},[52,39454,193],{"class":66},[52,39456,2856],{"class":110},[52,39458,1718],{"class":66},[52,39460,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39462,149],{"class":148},[52,39464,152],{"class":66},[52,39466,8488],{"class":646},[52,39468,152],{"class":66},[52,39470,2661],{"class":155},[52,39472,742],{"class":66},[487,39474,39476,39477,30,39479,39481],{"id":39475},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[49,39478,862],{},[49,39480,4069],{}," clearly",[14,39483,39484],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39486,39487],{},"Good example:",[42,39489,39491],{"className":44,"code":39490,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[49,39492,39493,39506],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39494,39495,39497,39500,39502,39504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39496,34996],{"class":774},[52,39498,39499],{"class":34999}," is_positive",[52,39501,152],{"class":66},[52,39503,2636],{"class":37811},[52,39505,8737],{"class":66},[52,39507,39508,39510,39512,39514],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39509,35007],{"class":4272},[52,39511,6785],{"class":58},[52,39513,4648],{"class":62},[52,39515,38662],{"class":110},[14,39517,39518],{},"Then use it with:",[42,39520,39522],{"className":44,"code":39521,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[49,39523,39524,39556],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39525,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39527,4012],{"class":58},[52,39529,63],{"class":62},[52,39531,4017],{"class":66},[52,39533,2416],{"class":62},[52,39535,2451],{"class":110},[52,39537,193],{"class":66},[52,39539,2618],{"class":62},[52,39541,1565],{"class":110},[52,39543,193],{"class":66},[52,39545,4229],{"class":110},[52,39547,193],{"class":66},[52,39549,5895],{"class":110},[52,39551,193],{"class":66},[52,39553,1570],{"class":110},[52,39555,4030],{"class":66},[52,39557,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39573,39575,39577],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39559,149],{"class":148},[52,39561,152],{"class":66},[52,39563,8488],{"class":646},[52,39565,152],{"class":66},[52,39567,37750],{"class":148},[52,39569,152],{"class":66},[52,39571,39572],{"class":155},"is_positive",[52,39574,193],{"class":66},[52,39576,4659],{"class":155},[52,39578,1291],{"class":66},[14,39580,164],{},[42,39582,39584],{"className":44,"code":39583,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2]\n",[49,39585,39586],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39587,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39589,1709],{"class":66},[52,39591,1565],{"class":110},[52,39593,193],{"class":66},[52,39595,1570],{"class":110},[52,39597,4030],{"class":66},[487,39599,39601],{"id":39600},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39603,39604],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[42,39606,39607],{"className":44,"code":38346,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,39608,39609,39651,39655,39669],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39610,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39612,2626],{"class":58},[52,39614,63],{"class":62},[52,39616,37803],{"class":148},[52,39618,152],{"class":66},[52,39620,37808],{"class":774},[52,39622,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39624,84],{"class":66},[52,39626,4276],{"class":155},[52,39628,4648],{"class":62},[52,39630,1570],{"class":110},[52,39632,193],{"class":66},[52,39634,4017],{"class":66},[52,39636,1565],{"class":110},[52,39638,193],{"class":66},[52,39640,1570],{"class":110},[52,39642,193],{"class":66},[52,39644,2850],{"class":110},[52,39646,193],{"class":66},[52,39648,2856],{"class":110},[52,39650,1718],{"class":66},[52,39652,39653],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39654,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,39656,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,39658,149],{"class":148},[52,39660,152],{"class":66},[52,39662,8488],{"class":646},[52,39664,152],{"class":66},[52,39666,2661],{"class":155},[52,39668,742],{"class":66},[52,39670,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,39672,149],{"class":148},[52,39674,152],{"class":66},[52,39676,8488],{"class":646},[52,39678,152],{"class":66},[52,39680,2661],{"class":155},[52,39682,742],{"class":66},[14,39684,164],{},[42,39686,39687],{"className":44,"code":38427,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,39688,39689,39701],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39690,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39692,1709],{"class":66},[52,39694,2457],{"class":110},[52,39696,193],{"class":66},[52,39698,2856],{"class":110},[52,39700,4030],{"class":66},[52,39702,39703],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39704,38446],{"class":66},[14,39706,39707],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[42,39709,39711],{"className":44,"code":39710,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[49,39712,39713,39759,39763,39773],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39714,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39716,2626],{"class":58},[52,39718,63],{"class":62},[52,39720,22698],{"class":646},[52,39722,152],{"class":66},[52,39724,37750],{"class":148},[52,39726,152],{"class":66},[52,39728,37808],{"class":774},[52,39730,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39732,84],{"class":66},[52,39734,4276],{"class":155},[52,39736,4648],{"class":62},[52,39738,1570],{"class":110},[52,39740,193],{"class":66},[52,39742,4017],{"class":66},[52,39744,1565],{"class":110},[52,39746,193],{"class":66},[52,39748,1570],{"class":110},[52,39750,193],{"class":66},[52,39752,2850],{"class":110},[52,39754,193],{"class":66},[52,39756,2856],{"class":110},[52,39758,3395],{"class":66},[52,39760,39761],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39762,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,39764,39765,39767,39769,39771],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,39766,149],{"class":148},[52,39768,152],{"class":66},[52,39770,2661],{"class":155},[52,39772,159],{"class":66},[52,39774,39775,39777,39779,39781],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,39776,149],{"class":148},[52,39778,152],{"class":66},[52,39780,2661],{"class":155},[52,39782,159],{"class":66},[487,39784,39786],{"id":39785},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39788,39789],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39791,1773],{},[42,39793,39795],{"className":44,"code":39794,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[49,39796,39797],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39798,39799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39800,39794],{"class":1017},[14,39802,39803,39804,6949],{},"This causes an error because ",[49,39805,2728],{},[14,39807,1785],{},[42,39809,39811],{"className":44,"code":39810,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[49,39812,39813],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39814,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39816,149],{"class":148},[52,39818,152],{"class":66},[52,39820,8488],{"class":646},[52,39822,152],{"class":66},[52,39824,37750],{"class":148},[52,39826,152],{"class":66},[52,39828,37808],{"class":774},[52,39830,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39832,84],{"class":66},[52,39834,4276],{"class":155},[52,39836,4648],{"class":62},[52,39838,1570],{"class":110},[52,39840,193],{"class":66},[52,39842,4017],{"class":66},[52,39844,1565],{"class":110},[52,39846,193],{"class":66},[52,39848,1570],{"class":110},[52,39850,193],{"class":66},[52,39852,2850],{"class":110},[52,39854,193],{"class":66},[52,39856,2856],{"class":110},[52,39858,37413],{"class":66},[487,39860,37352,39862,9101,39864],{"id":39861},"confusing-filter-with-map",[49,39863,37724],{},[49,39865,39866],{},"map()",[227,39868,39869,39874],{},[230,39870,39871,39873],{},[49,39872,37724],{}," keeps or removes items",[230,39875,39876,39878],{},[49,39877,39866],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39880,39881,39882,84],{},"Example of ",[49,39883,37724],{},[42,39885,39887],{"className":44,"code":39886,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[49,39888,39889,39913],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39890,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39892,4012],{"class":58},[52,39894,63],{"class":62},[52,39896,4017],{"class":66},[52,39898,1565],{"class":110},[52,39900,193],{"class":66},[52,39902,1570],{"class":110},[52,39904,193],{"class":66},[52,39906,2850],{"class":110},[52,39908,193],{"class":66},[52,39910,2856],{"class":110},[52,39912,4030],{"class":66},[52,39914,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,39916,149],{"class":148},[52,39918,152],{"class":66},[52,39920,8488],{"class":646},[52,39922,152],{"class":66},[52,39924,37750],{"class":148},[52,39926,152],{"class":66},[52,39928,37808],{"class":774},[52,39930,37812],{"class":37811},[52,39932,84],{"class":66},[52,39934,4276],{"class":155},[52,39936,4648],{"class":62},[52,39938,1570],{"class":110},[52,39940,193],{"class":66},[52,39942,4659],{"class":155},[52,39944,1291],{"class":66},[14,39946,164],{},[42,39948,39950],{"className":44,"code":39949,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 4]\n",[49,39951,39952],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39953,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39955,1709],{"class":66},[52,39957,2457],{"class":110},[52,39959,193],{"class":66},[52,39961,2856],{"class":110},[52,39963,4030],{"class":66},[14,39965,39881,39966,84],{},[49,39967,39866],{},[42,39969,39971],{"className":44,"code":39970,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[49,39972,39973,39997],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,39974,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39976,4012],{"class":58},[52,39978,63],{"class":62},[52,39980,4017],{"class":66},[52,39982,1565],{"class":110},[52,39984,193],{"class":66},[52,39986,1570],{"class":110},[52,39988,193],{"class":66},[52,39990,2850],{"class":110},[52,39992,193],{"class":66},[52,39994,2856],{"class":110},[52,39996,4030],{"class":66},[52,39998,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40023,40025,40027,40029],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40000,149],{"class":148},[52,40002,152],{"class":66},[52,40004,8488],{"class":646},[52,40006,152],{"class":66},[52,40008,40009],{"class":148},"map",[52,40011,152],{"class":66},[52,40013,37808],{"class":774},[52,40015,37812],{"class":37811},[52,40017,84],{"class":66},[52,40019,4276],{"class":155},[52,40021,40022],{"class":62},"*",[52,40024,1570],{"class":110},[52,40026,193],{"class":66},[52,40028,4659],{"class":155},[52,40030,1291],{"class":66},[14,40032,164],{},[42,40034,40036],{"className":44,"code":40035,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[49,40037,40038],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40039,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054,40056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40041,1709],{"class":66},[52,40043,2451],{"class":110},[52,40045,193],{"class":66},[52,40047,2856],{"class":110},[52,40049,193],{"class":66},[52,40051,37792],{"class":110},[52,40053,193],{"class":66},[52,40055,6758],{"class":110},[52,40057,4030],{"class":66},[14,40059,40060,40061,35],{},"For the related function, see ",[26,40062,3969,40064,3902],{"href":40063},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[49,40065,39866],{},[37,40067,2220],{"id":2219},[487,40069,13061,40071,40073],{"id":40070},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[49,40072,37724],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40075,40076,40077,40079],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[49,40078,24920],{}," if needed.",[487,40081,40083,40084,40086],{"id":40082},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[49,40085,37724],{}," need to return?",[14,40088,38031,40089,40091,40092,40094],{},[49,40090,862],{}," to keep an item and ",[49,40093,4069],{}," to remove it.",[487,40096,28469,40098,40100],{"id":40097},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[49,40099,37724],{}," without lambda?",[14,40102,40103],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[487,40105,5539,40107,40110],{"id":40106},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[49,40108,40109],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40112,40113,40114,40116,40117,2210,40119,35],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[49,40115,2514],{},", empty strings, ",[49,40118,4175],{},[49,40120,4069],{},[487,40122,21558,40124,40126],{"id":40123},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[49,40125,37724],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40128,40129,40130,40132],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[49,40131,6356],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40134,40135],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[227,40137,40138,40144,40150],{},[230,40139,40140,40141,40143],{},"use ",[49,40142,37724],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[230,40145,40146,40147,40149],{},"use a ",[49,40148,6356],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[230,40151,40152],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40154,40155,40156,35],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[26,40157,5529],{"href":40158},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[37,40160,2277],{"id":2276},[227,40162,40163,40168,40172,40177,40183],{},[230,40164,40165],{},[26,40166,40167],{"href":38603},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[230,40169,40170],{},[26,40171,5618],{"href":40158},[230,40173,40174],{},[26,40175,40176],{"href":39332},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[230,40178,40179],{},[26,40180,3969,40181,3902],{"href":40063},[49,40182,39866],{},[230,40184,40185],{},[26,40186,5613],{"href":5984},[2315,40188,40189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":40191},[40192,40193,40195,40199,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40220,40232],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":37858,"depth":70,"text":40194},"What filter() does",{"id":37992,"depth":70,"text":37993,"children":40196},[40197,40198],{"id":38009,"depth":98,"text":38009},{"id":4117,"depth":98,"text":4117},{"id":38168,"depth":70,"text":38169,"children":40200},[40201],{"id":38339,"depth":98,"text":38340},{"id":38452,"depth":70,"text":40203},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38607,"depth":70,"text":40205},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38769,"depth":70,"text":40207},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38949,"depth":70,"text":40209},"When to use filter()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":40211},[40212,40214,40216,40217,40218],{"id":39342,"depth":98,"text":40213},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39475,"depth":98,"text":40215},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39600,"depth":98,"text":39601},{"id":39785,"depth":98,"text":39786},{"id":39861,"depth":98,"text":40219},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":40221},[40222,40224,40226,40228,40230],{"id":40070,"depth":98,"text":40223},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40082,"depth":98,"text":40225},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40097,"depth":98,"text":40227},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40106,"depth":98,"text":40229},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40123,"depth":98,"text":40231},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37716,"description":40233},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40240,"title":40241,"body":40242,"description":42395,"extension":2357,"meta":42396,"navigation":141,"path":42397,"seo":42398,"stem":42399,"__hash__":42400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40243,"toc":42349},[40244,40247,40252,40258,40260,40312,40314,40333,40338,40342,40347,40350,40365,40368,40390,40392,40441,40443,40467,40469,40471,40486,40491,40499,40514,40516,40525,40528,40563,40567,40572,40576,40583,40618,40620,40636,40640,40643,40684,40686,40700,40704,40707,40731,40733,40742,40746,40749,40782,40784,40797,40801,40807,40826,40828,40836,40840,40845,40849,40855,40878,40880,40909,40912,40931,40935,40938,40965,40967,41001,41005,41008,41032,41036,41047,41049,41054,41060,41062,41146,41148,41190,41193,41197,41204,41213,41269,41276,41285,41290,41294,41365,41367,41376,41380,41383,41427,41429,41438,41442,41448,41498,41502,41507,41511,41535,41537,41546,41550,41574,41576,41587,41591,41615,41617,41626,41629,41646,41652,41656,41662,41665,41670,41673,41694,41696,41728,41731,41736,41738,41749,41751,41795,41799,41806,41858,41860,41869,41873,41876,41969,41972,41996,42000,42003,42095,42100,42104,42111,42116,42140,42142,42151,42156,42179,42181,42189,42196,42219,42227,42229,42242,42252,42254,42258,42265,42269,42278,42282,42289,42293,42297,42301,42314,42316,42346],[10,40245,40241],{"id":40246},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40248,9518,40249,40251],{},[49,40250,3282],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40253,40254,40255,40257],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[49,40256,3282],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[37,40259,40],{"id":39},[42,40261,40263],{"className":44,"code":40262,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[49,40264,40265,40279,40298],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40266,40267,40269,40271,40273,40275,40277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40268,149],{"class":148},[52,40270,152],{"class":66},[52,40272,2588],{"class":646},[52,40274,152],{"class":66},[52,40276,2531],{"class":110},[52,40278,742],{"class":66},[52,40280,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40294,40296],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40282,149],{"class":148},[52,40284,152],{"class":66},[52,40286,2588],{"class":646},[52,40288,152],{"class":66},[52,40290,81],{"class":73},[52,40292,40293],{"class":77},"3.14",[52,40295,81],{"class":73},[52,40297,742],{"class":66},[52,40299,40300,40302,40304,40306,40308,40310],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,40301,149],{"class":148},[52,40303,152],{"class":66},[52,40305,2588],{"class":646},[52,40307,152],{"class":66},[52,40309,862],{"class":128},[52,40311,742],{"class":66},[14,40313,164],{},[42,40315,40317],{"className":44,"code":40316,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[49,40318,40319,40323,40328],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40320,40321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40322,2878],{"class":110},[52,40324,40325],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40326,40327],{"class":110},"3.14\n",[52,40329,40330],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,40331,40332],{"class":110},"1.0\n",[14,40334,340,40335,40337],{},[49,40336,3282],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[37,40339,40341],{"id":40340},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40343,40344,40346],{},[49,40345,3282],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40348,40349],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[227,40351,40352,40356,40360],{},[230,40353,40354],{},[49,40355,2890],{},[230,40357,40358],{},[49,40359,40293],{},[230,40361,40362],{},[49,40363,40364],{},"0.5",[14,40366,40367],{},"A few key points:",[227,40369,40370,40377,40380,40383],{},[230,40371,40372,40374,40375],{},[49,40373,3282],{}," returns a value of type ",[49,40376,2588],{},[230,40378,40379],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[230,40381,40382],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[230,40384,40385,40386],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[26,40387,40388],{"href":8614},[49,40389,3355],{},[14,40391,511],{},[42,40393,40395],{"className":44,"code":40394,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[49,40396,40397,40417,40427],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40398,40399,40401,40403,40406,40408,40410,40413,40415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40400,2613],{"class":58},[52,40402,63],{"class":62},[52,40404,40405],{"class":646}," float",[52,40407,152],{"class":66},[52,40409,81],{"class":73},[52,40411,40412],{"class":77},"2.75",[52,40414,81],{"class":73},[52,40416,159],{"class":66},[52,40418,40419,40421,40423,40425],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40420,149],{"class":148},[52,40422,152],{"class":66},[52,40424,2636],{"class":155},[52,40426,159],{"class":66},[52,40428,40429,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,40430,149],{"class":148},[52,40432,152],{"class":66},[52,40434,734],{"class":646},[52,40436,152],{"class":66},[52,40438,2636],{"class":155},[52,40440,742],{"class":66},[14,40442,164],{},[42,40444,40446],{"className":44,"code":40445,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[49,40447,40448,40453],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40449,40450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40451,40452],{"class":110},"2.75\n",[52,40454,40455,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40456,771],{"class":62},[52,40458,775],{"class":774},[52,40460,186],{"class":73},[52,40462,2588],{"class":77},[52,40464,177],{"class":73},[52,40466,785],{"class":62},[37,40468,2553],{"id":2552},[14,40470,7615],{},[42,40472,40474],{"className":44,"code":40473,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"float(value)\n",[49,40475,40476],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40477,40478,40480,40482,40484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40479,2588],{"class":646},[52,40481,152],{"class":66},[52,40483,263],{"class":155},[52,40485,159],{"class":66},[14,40487,40488,40489,35],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[49,40490,3282],{},[14,40492,40493,40494,40496,40497,84],{},"If you call ",[49,40495,3282],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[49,40498,4165],{},[42,40500,40502],{"className":44,"code":40501,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float())\n",[49,40503,40504],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40505,40506,40508,40510,40512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40507,149],{"class":148},[52,40509,152],{"class":66},[52,40511,2588],{"class":646},[52,40513,2058],{"class":66},[14,40515,164],{},[42,40517,40519],{"className":44,"code":40518,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0.0\n",[49,40520,40521],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40522,40523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40524,40518],{"class":110},[14,40526,40527],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[42,40529,40531],{"className":44,"code":40530,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[49,40532,40533,40553],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40534,40535,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40549,40551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40536,40537],{"class":58},"price ",[52,40539,63],{"class":62},[52,40541,40405],{"class":646},[52,40543,152],{"class":66},[52,40545,81],{"class":73},[52,40547,40548],{"class":77},"19.99",[52,40550,81],{"class":73},[52,40552,159],{"class":66},[52,40554,40555,40557,40559,40561],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40556,149],{"class":148},[52,40558,152],{"class":66},[52,40560,25289],{"class":155},[52,40562,159],{"class":66},[37,40564,40566],{"id":40565},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40568,40569,40571],{},[49,40570,3282],{}," can convert several common value types.",[487,40573,40575],{"id":40574},"integers","Integers",[14,40577,40578,40579,40582],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[49,40580,40581],{},".0"," added:",[42,40584,40586],{"className":44,"code":40585,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[49,40587,40588,40602],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40589,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598,40600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40591,149],{"class":148},[52,40593,152],{"class":66},[52,40595,2588],{"class":646},[52,40597,152],{"class":66},[52,40599,2531],{"class":110},[52,40601,742],{"class":66},[52,40603,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40605,149],{"class":148},[52,40607,152],{"class":66},[52,40609,2588],{"class":646},[52,40611,152],{"class":66},[52,40613,2416],{"class":62},[52,40615,2451],{"class":110},[52,40617,742],{"class":66},[14,40619,164],{},[42,40621,40623],{"className":44,"code":40622,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[49,40624,40625,40629],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40626,40627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40628,2878],{"class":110},[52,40630,40631,40633],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40632,2416],{"class":62},[52,40634,40635],{"class":110},"2.0\n",[487,40637,40639],{"id":40638},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40641,40642],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[42,40644,40646],{"className":44,"code":40645,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[49,40647,40648,40666],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40649,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40651,149],{"class":148},[52,40653,152],{"class":66},[52,40655,2588],{"class":646},[52,40657,152],{"class":66},[52,40659,81],{"class":73},[52,40661,40293],{"class":77},[52,40663,81],{"class":73},[52,40665,742],{"class":66},[52,40667,40668,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680,40682],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40669,149],{"class":148},[52,40671,152],{"class":66},[52,40673,2588],{"class":646},[52,40675,152],{"class":66},[52,40677,81],{"class":73},[52,40679,2728],{"class":77},[52,40681,81],{"class":73},[52,40683,742],{"class":66},[14,40685,164],{},[42,40687,40689],{"className":44,"code":40688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3.14\n10.0\n",[49,40690,40691,40695],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40692,40693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40694,40327],{"class":110},[52,40696,40697],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40698,40699],{"class":110},"10.0\n",[487,40701,40703],{"id":40702},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40705,40706],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[42,40708,40710],{"className":44,"code":40709,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[49,40711,40712],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40713,40714,40716,40718,40720,40722,40724,40727,40729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40715,149],{"class":148},[52,40717,152],{"class":66},[52,40719,2588],{"class":646},[52,40721,152],{"class":66},[52,40723,81],{"class":73},[52,40725,40726],{"class":77},"  8.5  ",[52,40728,81],{"class":73},[52,40730,742],{"class":66},[14,40732,164],{},[42,40734,40736],{"className":44,"code":40735,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"8.5\n",[49,40737,40738],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40739,40740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40741,40735],{"class":110},[487,40743,40745],{"id":40744},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40747,40748],{},"Boolean values also work:",[42,40750,40752],{"className":44,"code":40751,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[49,40753,40754,40768],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40755,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764,40766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40757,149],{"class":148},[52,40759,152],{"class":66},[52,40761,2588],{"class":646},[52,40763,152],{"class":66},[52,40765,862],{"class":128},[52,40767,742],{"class":66},[52,40769,40770,40772,40774,40776,40778,40780],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40771,149],{"class":148},[52,40773,152],{"class":66},[52,40775,2588],{"class":646},[52,40777,152],{"class":66},[52,40779,4069],{"class":128},[52,40781,742],{"class":66},[14,40783,164],{},[42,40785,40787],{"className":44,"code":40786,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1.0\n0.0\n",[49,40788,40789,40793],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40790,40791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40792,40332],{"class":110},[52,40794,40795],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,40796,40518],{"class":110},[487,40798,40800],{"id":40799},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40802,40803,40804,40806],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[49,40805,3282],{}," returns a float version of it:",[42,40808,40810],{"className":44,"code":40809,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(4.2))\n",[49,40811,40812],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40813,40814,40816,40818,40820,40822,40824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40815,149],{"class":148},[52,40817,152],{"class":66},[52,40819,2588],{"class":646},[52,40821,152],{"class":66},[52,40823,2760],{"class":110},[52,40825,742],{"class":66},[14,40827,164],{},[42,40829,40830],{"className":44,"code":2784,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,40831,40832],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40833,40834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40835,2784],{"class":110},[37,40837,40839],{"id":40838},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40841,40842,40843,35],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[49,40844,3282],{},[487,40846,40848],{"id":40847},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40850,40851,40852,84],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[49,40853,40854],{},"ValueError",[42,40856,40858],{"className":44,"code":40857,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[49,40859,40860],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40861,40862,40864,40866,40868,40870,40872,40874,40876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40863,149],{"class":148},[52,40865,152],{"class":66},[52,40867,2588],{"class":646},[52,40869,152],{"class":66},[52,40871,81],{"class":73},[52,40873,4241],{"class":77},[52,40875,81],{"class":73},[52,40877,742],{"class":66},[14,40879,29822],{},[42,40881,40883],{"className":44,"code":40882,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[49,40884,40885],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40886,40887,40889,40891,40894,40896,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40888,40854],{"class":646},[52,40890,84],{"class":66},[52,40892,40893],{"class":58}," could ",[52,40895,1006],{"class":62},[52,40897,40898],{"class":58}," convert string to ",[52,40900,2588],{"class":646},[52,40902,84],{"class":66},[52,40904,186],{"class":73},[52,40906,4241],{"class":77},[52,40908,29841],{"class":73},[14,40910,40911],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[42,40913,40915],{"className":44,"code":40914,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[49,40916,40917],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40918,40919,40921,40923,40925,40927,40929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40920,149],{"class":148},[52,40922,152],{"class":66},[52,40924,2588],{"class":646},[52,40926,152],{"class":66},[52,40928,6671],{"class":73},[52,40930,742],{"class":66},[487,40932,40934],{"id":40933},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40936,40937],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[42,40939,40941],{"className":44,"code":40940,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[49,40942,40943],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40944,40945,40947,40949,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961,40963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40946,149],{"class":148},[52,40948,152],{"class":66},[52,40950,2588],{"class":646},[52,40952,2152],{"class":66},[52,40954,1565],{"class":110},[52,40956,193],{"class":66},[52,40958,1570],{"class":110},[52,40960,193],{"class":66},[52,40962,2850],{"class":110},[52,40964,3395],{"class":66},[14,40966,29822],{},[42,40968,40970],{"className":44,"code":40969,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[49,40971,40972],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,40973,40974,40976,40978,40980,40982,40985,40988,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40975,3401],{"class":646},[52,40977,84],{"class":66},[52,40979,40405],{"class":646},[52,40981,7762],{"class":66},[52,40983,40984],{"class":58}," argument must be a string ",[52,40986,40987],{"class":62},"or",[52,40989,40990],{"class":58}," a real number",[52,40992,193],{"class":66},[52,40994,8494],{"class":62},[52,40996,186],{"class":73},[52,40998,8488],{"class":77},[52,41000,29841],{"class":73},[487,41002,41004],{"id":41003},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41006,41007],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[42,41009,41011],{"className":44,"code":41010,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[49,41012,41013],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41014,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025,41028,41030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41016,149],{"class":148},[52,41018,152],{"class":66},[52,41020,2588],{"class":646},[52,41022,152],{"class":66},[52,41024,81],{"class":73},[52,41026,41027],{"class":77},"3,14",[52,41029,81],{"class":73},[52,41031,742],{"class":66},[14,41033,3398,41034,35],{},[49,41035,40854],{},[14,41037,41038,41039,2262,41043,35],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[26,41040,41042],{"href":41041},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[26,41044,41046],{"href":41045},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[37,41048,17554],{"id":17553},[14,41050,41051,41053],{},[49,41052,3282],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41055,41056,41057,41059],{},"It does ",[18,41058,1006],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41061,511],{},[42,41063,41065],{"className":44,"code":41064,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[49,41066,41067,41080,41094,41098,41108,41118,41132],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41068,41069,41071,41073,41075,41078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41070,34832],{"class":58},[52,41072,63],{"class":62},[52,41074,87],{"class":73},[52,41076,41077],{"class":77},"6.5",[52,41079,297],{"class":73},[52,41081,41082,41084,41086,41088,41090,41092],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41083,2613],{"class":58},[52,41085,63],{"class":62},[52,41087,40405],{"class":646},[52,41089,152],{"class":66},[52,41091,34853],{"class":155},[52,41093,159],{"class":66},[52,41095,41096],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41097,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41099,41100,41102,41104,41106],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41101,149],{"class":148},[52,41103,152],{"class":66},[52,41105,34853],{"class":155},[52,41107,159],{"class":66},[52,41109,41110,41112,41114,41116],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,41111,149],{"class":148},[52,41113,152],{"class":66},[52,41115,2636],{"class":155},[52,41117,159],{"class":66},[52,41119,41120,41122,41124,41126,41128,41130],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41121,149],{"class":148},[52,41123,152],{"class":66},[52,41125,734],{"class":646},[52,41127,152],{"class":66},[52,41129,34853],{"class":155},[52,41131,742],{"class":66},[52,41133,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142,41144],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,41135,149],{"class":148},[52,41137,152],{"class":66},[52,41139,734],{"class":646},[52,41141,152],{"class":66},[52,41143,2636],{"class":155},[52,41145,742],{"class":66},[14,41147,164],{},[42,41149,41151],{"className":44,"code":41150,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[49,41152,41153,41158,41162,41176],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41154,41155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41156,41157],{"class":110},"6.5\n",[52,41159,41160],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41161,41157],{"class":110},[52,41163,41164,41166,41168,41170,41172,41174],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41165,771],{"class":62},[52,41167,775],{"class":774},[52,41169,186],{"class":73},[52,41171,3836],{"class":77},[52,41173,177],{"class":73},[52,41175,785],{"class":62},[52,41177,41178,41180,41182,41184,41186,41188],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41179,771],{"class":62},[52,41181,775],{"class":774},[52,41183,186],{"class":73},[52,41185,2588],{"class":77},[52,41187,177],{"class":73},[52,41189,785],{"class":62},[14,41191,41192],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[37,41194,41196],{"id":41195},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[487,41198,41200,41201,41203],{"id":41199},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[49,41202,3355],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41205,2374,41206,41210,41211,35],{},[26,41207,41208,2700],{"href":8614},[49,41209,3355],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[49,41212,3282],{},[42,41214,41216],{"className":44,"code":41215,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[49,41217,41218,41237,41251,41255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41219,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228,41230,41233,41235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41221,8632],{"class":58},[52,41223,63],{"class":62},[52,41225,8637],{"class":148},[52,41227,152],{"class":66},[52,41229,81],{"class":73},[52,41231,41232],{"class":77},"Enter a price: ",[52,41234,81],{"class":73},[52,41236,159],{"class":66},[52,41238,41239,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41240,40537],{"class":58},[52,41242,63],{"class":62},[52,41244,40405],{"class":646},[52,41246,152],{"class":66},[52,41248,8661],{"class":155},[52,41250,159],{"class":66},[52,41252,41253],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41254,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41256,41257,41259,41261,41263,41265,41267],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41258,149],{"class":148},[52,41260,152],{"class":66},[52,41262,40537],{"class":155},[52,41264,40022],{"class":62},[52,41266,1570],{"class":110},[52,41268,159],{"class":66},[14,41270,41271,41272,41275],{},"If the user enters ",[49,41273,41274],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[42,41277,41279],{"className":44,"code":41278,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"9.0\n",[49,41280,41281],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41282,41283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41284,41278],{"class":110},[14,41286,41287,41288,35],{},"For more help with this, see ",[26,41289,9377],{"href":9376},[487,41291,41293],{"id":41292},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[42,41295,41297],{"className":44,"code":41296,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[49,41298,41299,41312,41325,41329,41354],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41300,41301,41303,41305,41307,41310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41302,2953],{"class":58},[52,41304,63],{"class":62},[52,41306,87],{"class":73},[52,41308,41309],{"class":77},"2.5",[52,41311,297],{"class":73},[52,41313,41314,41316,41318,41320,41323],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41315,2981],{"class":58},[52,41317,63],{"class":62},[52,41319,87],{"class":73},[52,41321,41322],{"class":77},"1.5",[52,41324,297],{"class":73},[52,41326,41327],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41328,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41330,41331,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350,41352],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41332,41333],{"class":58},"total ",[52,41335,63],{"class":62},[52,41337,40405],{"class":646},[52,41339,152],{"class":66},[52,41341,26],{"class":155},[52,41343,4056],{"class":66},[52,41345,2853],{"class":62},[52,41347,40405],{"class":646},[52,41349,152],{"class":66},[52,41351,5157],{"class":155},[52,41353,159],{"class":66},[52,41355,41356,41358,41360,41363],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,41357,149],{"class":148},[52,41359,152],{"class":66},[52,41361,41362],{"class":155},"total",[52,41364,159],{"class":66},[14,41366,164],{},[42,41368,41370],{"className":44,"code":41369,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"4.0\n",[49,41371,41372],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41373,41374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41375,41369],{"class":110},[487,41377,41379],{"id":41378},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41381,41382],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[42,41384,41386],{"className":44,"code":41385,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,41387,41388,41398,41413,41417],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41389,41390,41393,41395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41391,41392],{"class":58},"count ",[52,41394,63],{"class":62},[52,41396,41397],{"class":110}," 7\n",[52,41399,41400,41402,41404,41406,41408,41411],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41401,2626],{"class":58},[52,41403,63],{"class":62},[52,41405,40405],{"class":646},[52,41407,152],{"class":66},[52,41409,41410],{"class":155},"count",[52,41412,159],{"class":66},[52,41414,41415],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41416,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41418,41419,41421,41423,41425],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41420,149],{"class":148},[52,41422,152],{"class":66},[52,41424,2661],{"class":155},[52,41426,159],{"class":66},[14,41428,164],{},[42,41430,41432],{"className":44,"code":41431,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"7.0\n",[49,41433,41434],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41435,41436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41437,41431],{"class":110},[487,41439,41441],{"id":41440},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41443,41444,41445,41447],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[49,41446,3282],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[42,41449,41451],{"className":44,"code":41450,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[49,41452,41453,41467,41483,41487],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41454,41455,41458,41460,41462,41465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41456,41457],{"class":58},"temperature_text ",[52,41459,63],{"class":62},[52,41461,87],{"class":73},[52,41463,41464],{"class":77},"21.8",[52,41466,297],{"class":73},[52,41468,41469,41472,41474,41476,41478,41481],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41470,41471],{"class":58},"temperature ",[52,41473,63],{"class":62},[52,41475,40405],{"class":646},[52,41477,152],{"class":66},[52,41479,41480],{"class":155},"temperature_text",[52,41482,159],{"class":66},[52,41484,41485],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41486,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41488,41489,41491,41493,41496],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41490,149],{"class":148},[52,41492,152],{"class":66},[52,41494,41495],{"class":155},"temperature",[52,41497,159],{"class":66},[37,41499,41501],{"id":41500},"special-values","Special values",[14,41503,41504,41506],{},[49,41505,3282],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[487,41508,41510],{"id":41509},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[42,41512,41514],{"className":44,"code":41513,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[49,41515,41516],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41517,41518,41520,41522,41524,41526,41528,41531,41533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41519,149],{"class":148},[52,41521,152],{"class":66},[52,41523,2588],{"class":646},[52,41525,152],{"class":66},[52,41527,81],{"class":73},[52,41529,41530],{"class":77},"inf",[52,41532,81],{"class":73},[52,41534,742],{"class":66},[14,41536,164],{},[42,41538,41540],{"className":44,"code":41539,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"inf\n",[49,41541,41542],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41543,41544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41545,41539],{"class":58},[487,41547,41549],{"id":41548},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[42,41551,41553],{"className":44,"code":41552,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[49,41554,41555],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41556,41557,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567,41570,41572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41558,149],{"class":148},[52,41560,152],{"class":66},[52,41562,2588],{"class":646},[52,41564,152],{"class":66},[52,41566,81],{"class":73},[52,41568,41569],{"class":77},"-inf",[52,41571,81],{"class":73},[52,41573,742],{"class":66},[14,41575,164],{},[42,41577,41579],{"className":44,"code":41578,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"-inf\n",[49,41580,41581],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41582,41583,41585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41584,2416],{"class":62},[52,41586,41539],{"class":58},[487,41588,41590],{"id":41589},"not-a-number","Not a number",[42,41592,41594],{"className":44,"code":41593,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[49,41595,41596],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41597,41598,41600,41602,41604,41606,41608,41611,41613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41599,149],{"class":148},[52,41601,152],{"class":66},[52,41603,2588],{"class":646},[52,41605,152],{"class":66},[52,41607,81],{"class":73},[52,41609,41610],{"class":77},"nan",[52,41612,81],{"class":73},[52,41614,742],{"class":66},[14,41616,164],{},[42,41618,41620],{"className":44,"code":41619,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"nan\n",[49,41621,41622],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41623,41624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41625,41619],{"class":58},[14,41627,41628],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[227,41630,41631,41636,41641],{},[230,41632,41633,41635],{},[49,41634,41530],{}," means positive infinity",[230,41637,41638,41640],{},[49,41639,41569],{}," means negative infinity",[230,41642,41643,41645],{},[49,41644,41610],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41647,41648,41649,41651],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[49,41650,3282],{}," accepts them.",[37,41653,41655],{"id":41654},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41657,41658,41659,41661],{},"The most common problems with ",[49,41660,3282],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[487,41663,40854],{"id":41664},"valueerror",[14,41666,254,41667,41669],{},[49,41668,40854],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41671,41672],{},"Common causes:",[227,41674,41675,41681,41684,41687],{},[230,41676,41677,41678],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[49,41679,41680],{},"\"abc\"",[230,41682,41683],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[230,41685,41686],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[230,41688,5100,41689],{},[26,41690,41691,41693],{"href":8614},[49,41692,3355],{}," returns a string",[14,41695,511],{},[42,41697,41699],{"className":44,"code":41698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[49,41700,41701,41714],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41702,41703,41705,41707,41709,41712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41704,2845],{"class":58},[52,41706,63],{"class":62},[52,41708,87],{"class":73},[52,41710,41711],{"class":77},"abc",[52,41713,297],{"class":73},[52,41715,41716,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41717,149],{"class":148},[52,41719,152],{"class":66},[52,41721,2588],{"class":646},[52,41723,152],{"class":66},[52,41725,263],{"class":155},[52,41727,742],{"class":66},[487,41729,3401],{"id":41730},"typeerror",[14,41732,254,41733,41735],{},[49,41734,3401],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41737,41672],{},[227,41739,41740,41743,41746],{},[230,41741,41742],{},"Passing a list",[230,41744,41745],{},"Passing a dictionary",[230,41747,41748],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41750,511],{},[42,41752,41754],{"className":44,"code":41753,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[49,41755,41756,41781],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41757,41758,41760,41762,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772,41774,41777,41779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41759,2845],{"class":58},[52,41761,63],{"class":62},[52,41763,1799],{"class":66},[52,41765,81],{"class":73},[52,41767,25289],{"class":77},[52,41769,81],{"class":73},[52,41771,84],{"class":66},[52,41773,87],{"class":73},[52,41775,41776],{"class":77},"9.99",[52,41778,81],{"class":73},[52,41780,135],{"class":66},[52,41782,41783,41785,41787,41789,41791,41793],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41784,149],{"class":148},[52,41786,152],{"class":66},[52,41788,2588],{"class":646},[52,41790,152],{"class":66},[52,41792,263],{"class":155},[52,41794,742],{"class":66},[487,41796,41798],{"id":41797},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41800,41801,41802,41805],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[49,41803,41804],{},"strip()"," can help:",[42,41807,41809],{"className":44,"code":41808,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[49,41810,41811,41824,41839,41843],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41812,41813,41815,41817,41819,41822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41814,2845],{"class":58},[52,41816,63],{"class":62},[52,41818,87],{"class":73},[52,41820,41821],{"class":77},"  7.25  ",[52,41823,297],{"class":73},[52,41825,41826,41829,41831,41833,41835,41837],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41827,41828],{"class":58},"clean_value ",[52,41830,63],{"class":62},[52,41832,8829],{"class":58},[52,41834,35],{"class":66},[52,41836,9031],{"class":155},[52,41838,650],{"class":66},[52,41840,41841],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41842,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41844,41845,41847,41849,41851,41853,41856],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41846,149],{"class":148},[52,41848,152],{"class":66},[52,41850,2588],{"class":646},[52,41852,152],{"class":66},[52,41854,41855],{"class":155},"clean_value",[52,41857,742],{"class":66},[14,41859,164],{},[42,41861,41863],{"className":44,"code":41862,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"7.25\n",[49,41864,41865],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41866,41867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41868,41862],{"class":110},[487,41870,41872],{"id":41871},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41874,41875],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[42,41877,41879],{"className":44,"code":41878,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[49,41880,41881,41894,41898,41908,41922,41937,41941,41955],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,41882,41883,41885,41887,41889,41892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41884,2845],{"class":58},[52,41886,63],{"class":62},[52,41888,87],{"class":73},[52,41890,41891],{"class":77}," 3.5 ",[52,41893,297],{"class":73},[52,41895,41896],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,41897,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41899,41900,41902,41904,41906],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,41901,149],{"class":148},[52,41903,152],{"class":66},[52,41905,263],{"class":155},[52,41907,159],{"class":66},[52,41909,41910,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,41911,149],{"class":148},[52,41913,152],{"class":66},[52,41915,734],{"class":646},[52,41917,152],{"class":66},[52,41919,263],{"class":155},[52,41921,742],{"class":66},[52,41923,41924,41926,41928,41931,41933,41935],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,41925,149],{"class":148},[52,41927,152],{"class":66},[52,41929,41930],{"class":148},"repr",[52,41932,152],{"class":66},[52,41934,263],{"class":155},[52,41936,742],{"class":66},[52,41938,41939],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,41940,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,41942,41943,41945,41947,41949,41951,41953],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,41944,41828],{"class":58},[52,41946,63],{"class":62},[52,41948,8829],{"class":58},[52,41950,35],{"class":66},[52,41952,9031],{"class":155},[52,41954,650],{"class":66},[52,41956,41957,41959,41961,41963,41965,41967],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,41958,149],{"class":148},[52,41960,152],{"class":66},[52,41962,2588],{"class":646},[52,41964,152],{"class":66},[52,41966,41855],{"class":155},[52,41968,742],{"class":66},[14,41970,41971],{},"Why this helps:",[227,41973,41974,41980,41985,41991],{},[230,41975,41976,41979],{},[49,41977,41978],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[230,41981,41982,21505],{},[49,41983,41984],{},"print(type(value))",[230,41986,41987,41990],{},[49,41988,41989],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[230,41992,41993,41995],{},[49,41994,41804],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[487,41997,41999],{"id":41998},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42001,42002],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[42,42004,42006],{"className":44,"code":42005,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[49,42007,42008,42027,42031,42037,42052,42071,42080],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42009,42010,42012,42014,42016,42018,42020,42023,42025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42011,2845],{"class":58},[52,42013,63],{"class":62},[52,42015,8637],{"class":148},[52,42017,152],{"class":66},[52,42019,81],{"class":73},[52,42021,42022],{"class":77},"Enter a number: ",[52,42024,81],{"class":73},[52,42026,159],{"class":66},[52,42028,42029],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42030,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,42032,42033,42035],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,42034,29945],{"class":4272},[52,42036,6792],{"class":66},[52,42038,42039,42042,42044,42046,42048,42050],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,42040,42041],{"class":58},"    number ",[52,42043,63],{"class":62},[52,42045,40405],{"class":646},[52,42047,152],{"class":66},[52,42049,263],{"class":155},[52,42051,159],{"class":66},[52,42053,42054,42056,42058,42060,42063,42065,42067,42069],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,42055,8463],{"class":148},[52,42057,152],{"class":66},[52,42059,81],{"class":73},[52,42061,42062],{"class":77},"Converted:",[52,42064,81],{"class":73},[52,42066,193],{"class":66},[52,42068,2593],{"class":155},[52,42070,159],{"class":66},[52,42072,42073,42075,42078],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,42074,29976],{"class":4272},[52,42076,42077],{"class":646}," ValueError",[52,42079,6792],{"class":66},[52,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088,42091,42093],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,42083,8463],{"class":148},[52,42085,152],{"class":66},[52,42087,81],{"class":73},[52,42089,42090],{"class":77},"That is not a valid number.",[52,42092,81],{"class":73},[52,42094,159],{"class":66},[14,42096,42097,42098,35],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[26,42099,41046],{"href":41045},[37,42101,42103],{"id":42102},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42105,10959,42106,2262,42108,42110],{},[49,42107,3282],{},[49,42109,3276],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42112,42113,42115],{},[49,42114,3282],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[42,42117,42119],{"className":44,"code":42118,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[49,42120,42121],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42122,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133,42136,42138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42124,149],{"class":148},[52,42126,152],{"class":66},[52,42128,2588],{"class":646},[52,42130,152],{"class":66},[52,42132,81],{"class":73},[52,42134,42135],{"class":77},"3.9",[52,42137,81],{"class":73},[52,42139,742],{"class":66},[14,42141,164],{},[42,42143,42145],{"className":44,"code":42144,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3.9\n",[49,42146,42147],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42148,42149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42150,42144],{"class":110},[14,42152,42153,42155],{},[49,42154,3276],{}," creates whole numbers:",[42,42157,42159],{"className":44,"code":42158,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[49,42160,42161],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42162,42163,42165,42167,42169,42171,42173,42175,42177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42164,149],{"class":148},[52,42166,152],{"class":66},[52,42168,2585],{"class":646},[52,42170,152],{"class":66},[52,42172,81],{"class":73},[52,42174,2728],{"class":77},[52,42176,81],{"class":73},[52,42178,742],{"class":66},[14,42180,164],{},[42,42182,42183],{"className":44,"code":2774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,42184,42185],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42186,42187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42188,2774],{"class":110},[14,42190,42191,42192,42195],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[49,42193,42194],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[42,42197,42199],{"className":44,"code":42198,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[49,42200,42201],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42202,42203,42205,42207,42209,42211,42213,42215,42217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42204,149],{"class":148},[52,42206,152],{"class":66},[52,42208,2585],{"class":646},[52,42210,152],{"class":66},[52,42212,81],{"class":73},[52,42214,42135],{"class":77},[52,42216,81],{"class":73},[52,42218,742],{"class":66},[14,42220,3398,42221,8998,42223,42226],{},[49,42222,40854],{},[49,42224,42225],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42228,11082],{},[227,42230,42231,42237],{},[230,42232,42233,42236],{},[49,42234,42235],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[230,42238,42239,42241],{},[49,42240,42194],{}," fails",[14,42243,42244,42245,42248,42249,42251],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[26,42246,42247],{"href":3273},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[26,42250,2818],{"href":2817}," helpful.",[37,42253,2220],{"id":2219},[487,42255,42257],{"id":42256},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42259,42260,42261,30,42263,35],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[49,42262,2890],{},[49,42264,40293],{},[487,42266,42268],{"id":42267},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42270,42271,42272,30,42275,35],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[49,42273,42274],{},"\"2.5\"",[49,42276,42277],{},"\"10\"",[487,42279,42281],{"id":42280},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42283,29202,42284,42286,42287,35],{},[49,42285,41680],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[49,42288,40854],{},[487,42290,42292],{"id":42291},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42294,5545,42295,35],{},[49,42296,4165],{},[487,42298,42300],{"id":42299},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42302,42303,42304,42306,42307,2262,42310,42306,42312,35],{},"Yes. ",[49,42305,862],{}," becomes ",[49,42308,42309],{},"1.0",[49,42311,4069],{},[49,42313,4165],{},[37,42315,2277],{"id":2276},[227,42317,42318,42322,42328,42333,42337,42341],{},[230,42319,42320],{},[26,42321,42247],{"href":3273},[230,42323,42324],{},[26,42325,42327],{"href":42326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[230,42329,42330],{},[26,42331,42332],{"href":41041},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[230,42334,42335],{},[26,42336,9454],{"href":9376},[230,42338,42339],{},[26,42340,41046],{"href":41045},[230,42342,42343],{},[26,42344,42345],{"href":8614},"Python input() Function Explained",[2315,42347,42348],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":42350},[42351,42352,42353,42354,42361,42366,42367,42374,42379,42386,42387,42394],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":40340,"depth":70,"text":40341},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":40565,"depth":70,"text":40566,"children":42355},[42356,42357,42358,42359,42360],{"id":40574,"depth":98,"text":40575},{"id":40638,"depth":98,"text":40639},{"id":40702,"depth":98,"text":40703},{"id":40744,"depth":98,"text":40745},{"id":40799,"depth":98,"text":40800},{"id":40838,"depth":70,"text":40839,"children":42362},[42363,42364,42365],{"id":40847,"depth":98,"text":40848},{"id":40933,"depth":98,"text":40934},{"id":41003,"depth":98,"text":41004},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":41195,"depth":70,"text":41196,"children":42368},[42369,42371,42372,42373],{"id":41199,"depth":98,"text":42370},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41292,"depth":98,"text":41293},{"id":41378,"depth":98,"text":41379},{"id":41440,"depth":98,"text":41441},{"id":41500,"depth":70,"text":41501,"children":42375},[42376,42377,42378],{"id":41509,"depth":98,"text":41510},{"id":41548,"depth":98,"text":41549},{"id":41589,"depth":98,"text":41590},{"id":41654,"depth":70,"text":41655,"children":42380},[42381,42382,42383,42384,42385],{"id":41664,"depth":98,"text":40854},{"id":41730,"depth":98,"text":3401},{"id":41797,"depth":98,"text":41798},{"id":41871,"depth":98,"text":41872},{"id":41998,"depth":98,"text":41999},{"id":42102,"depth":70,"text":42103},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":42388},[42389,42390,42391,42392,42393],{"id":42256,"depth":98,"text":42257},{"id":42267,"depth":98,"text":42268},{"id":42280,"depth":98,"text":42281},{"id":42291,"depth":98,"text":42292},{"id":42299,"depth":98,"text":42300},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40241,"description":42395},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42402,"title":42403,"body":42404,"description":43625,"extension":2357,"meta":43626,"navigation":141,"path":35169,"seo":43627,"stem":43628,"__hash__":43629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42405,"toc":43591},[42406,42409,42414,42417,42419,42458,42472,42476,42481,42484,42501,42504,42514,42529,42532,42534,42537,42553,42556,42559,42579,42583,42594,42597,42601,42605,42619,42654,42658,42669,42704,42707,42709,42717,42750,42766,42768,42778,42799,42810,42812,42817,42820,42834,42836,42855,42858,42871,42874,42878,42882,42896,42899,42917,42920,42935,42939,42944,42958,42964,42966,43023,43025,43058,43061,43077,43081,43088,43092,43097,43100,43111,43115,43120,43135,43144,43149,43168,43171,43183,43185,43190,43200,43203,43232,43237,43246,43250,43255,43258,43262,43267,43269,43299,43302,43309,43314,43319,43323,43326,43334,43337,43415,43418,43440,43442,43446,43449,43453,43459,43522,43526,43534,43538,43541,43543,43568,43588],[10,42407,42403],{"id":42408},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42410,3976,42411,42413],{},[49,42412,35172],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42415,42416],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[37,42418,40],{"id":39},[42,42420,42422],{"className":44,"code":42421,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[49,42423,42424,42434,42444],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42425,42426,42428,42430,42432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42427,32295],{"class":148},[52,42429,152],{"class":66},[52,42431,2082],{"class":148},[52,42433,159],{"class":66},[52,42435,42436,42438,42440,42442],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42437,32295],{"class":148},[52,42439,152],{"class":66},[52,42441,3836],{"class":646},[52,42443,159],{"class":66},[52,42445,42446,42448,42450,42452,42454,42456],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,42447,32295],{"class":148},[52,42449,152],{"class":66},[52,42451,177],{"class":73},[52,42453,34803],{"class":77},[52,42455,177],{"class":73},[52,42457,159],{"class":66},[14,42459,340,42460,42462,42463,30,42465,42467,42468,42471],{},[49,42461,35172],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[49,42464,2082],{},[49,42466,3836],{},", or use a string such as ",[49,42469,42470],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[37,42473,42475],{"id":42474},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42477,42478,42480],{},[49,42479,35172],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42482,42483],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[227,42485,42486,42489,42492,42495,42498],{},[230,42487,42488],{},"Functions",[230,42490,42491],{},"Classes",[230,42493,42494],{},"Methods",[230,42496,42497],{},"Modules",[230,42499,42500],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42502,42503],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42505,42506,42507,42513],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[26,42508,42510],{"href":42509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[49,42511,42512],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[42,42515,42517],{"className":44,"code":42516,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(len)\n",[49,42518,42519],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42520,42521,42523,42525,42527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42522,32295],{"class":148},[52,42524,152],{"class":66},[52,42526,2082],{"class":148},[52,42528,159],{"class":66},[14,42530,42531],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[37,42533,2553],{"id":2552},[14,42535,42536],{},"The main form is:",[42,42538,42540],{"className":44,"code":42539,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(object)\n",[49,42541,42542],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42543,42544,42546,42548,42551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42545,32295],{"class":148},[52,42547,152],{"class":66},[52,42549,42550],{"class":646},"object",[52,42552,159],{"class":66},[14,42554,42555],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42557,42558],{},"Common examples include:",[227,42560,42561,42565,42570,42574],{},[230,42562,42563],{},[49,42564,2082],{},[230,42566,42567],{},[49,42568,42569],{},"list.append",[230,42571,42572],{},[49,42573,3836],{},[230,42575,42576],{},[49,42577,42578],{},"open",[14,42580,7573,42581,7576],{},[49,42582,35172],{},[42,42584,42586],{"className":44,"code":42585,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help()\n",[49,42587,42588],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42589,42590,42592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42591,32295],{"class":148},[52,42593,650],{"class":66},[14,42595,42596],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[37,42598,42600],{"id":42599},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[487,42602,42604],{"id":42603},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42606,42607,42608,2203,42610,2203,42612,2210,42615,35],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[49,42609,2082],{},[49,42611,149],{},[49,42613,42614],{},"input",[26,42616,42617],{"href":2696},[49,42618,2699],{},[42,42620,42622],{"className":44,"code":42621,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[49,42623,42624,42634,42644],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42625,42626,42628,42630,42632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42627,32295],{"class":148},[52,42629,152],{"class":66},[52,42631,149],{"class":148},[52,42633,159],{"class":66},[52,42635,42636,42638,42640,42642],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42637,32295],{"class":148},[52,42639,152],{"class":66},[52,42641,42614],{"class":148},[52,42643,159],{"class":66},[52,42645,42646,42648,42650,42652],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,42647,32295],{"class":148},[52,42649,152],{"class":66},[52,42651,734],{"class":646},[52,42653,159],{"class":66},[487,42655,42657],{"id":42656},"data-types","Data types",[14,42659,42660,42661,2203,42663,2203,42665,2210,42667,35],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[49,42662,3836],{},[49,42664,8488],{},[49,42666,780],{},[49,42668,796],{},[42,42670,42672],{"className":44,"code":42671,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[49,42673,42674,42684,42694],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42675,42676,42678,42680,42682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42677,32295],{"class":148},[52,42679,152],{"class":66},[52,42681,3836],{"class":646},[52,42683,159],{"class":66},[52,42685,42686,42688,42690,42692],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42687,32295],{"class":148},[52,42689,152],{"class":66},[52,42691,8488],{"class":646},[52,42693,159],{"class":66},[52,42695,42696,42698,42700,42702],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,42697,32295],{"class":148},[52,42699,152],{"class":66},[52,42701,780],{"class":646},[52,42703,159],{"class":66},[14,42705,42706],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[487,42708,42494],{"id":34650},[14,42710,42711,42712,2262,42715,35],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[49,42713,42714],{},"str.split",[49,42716,42569],{},[42,42718,42720],{"className":44,"code":42719,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[49,42721,42722,42736],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42723,42724,42726,42728,42730,42732,42734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42725,32295],{"class":148},[52,42727,152],{"class":66},[52,42729,3836],{"class":646},[52,42731,35],{"class":66},[52,42733,34613],{"class":24889},[52,42735,159],{"class":66},[52,42737,42738,42740,42742,42744,42746,42748],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42739,32295],{"class":148},[52,42741,152],{"class":66},[52,42743,8488],{"class":646},[52,42745,35],{"class":66},[52,42747,13909],{"class":24889},[52,42749,159],{"class":66},[14,42751,42752,42753,9101,42755,28454,42760,42762,42763,42765],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[49,42754,35172],{},[26,42756,42758],{"href":42757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[49,42759,34455],{},[49,42761,34455],{}," shows available names, while ",[49,42764,35172],{}," explains one of them.",[487,42767,42497],{"id":34803},[14,42769,42770,42771,2203,42773,2210,42775,35],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[49,42772,18553],{},[49,42774,35335],{},[49,42776,42777],{},"os",[42,42779,42781],{"className":44,"code":42780,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[49,42782,42783,42789],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42784,42785,42787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42786,35236],{"class":4272},[52,42788,35239],{"class":58},[52,42790,42791,42793,42795,42797],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42792,32295],{"class":148},[52,42794,152],{"class":66},[52,42796,18553],{"class":155},[52,42798,159],{"class":66},[14,42800,42801,42802,42806,42807,35],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[26,42803,42805],{"href":42804},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[26,42808,35302],{"href":42809},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[37,42811,35063],{"id":35062},[14,42813,42814,42816],{},[49,42815,35172],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42818,42819],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[227,42821,42822,42825,42828,42831],{},[230,42823,42824],{},"The function signature",[230,42826,42827],{},"The short description",[230,42829,42830],{},"Parameter names",[230,42832,42833],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42835,5869],{},[42,42837,42839],{"className":44,"code":42838,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(str.split)\n",[49,42840,42841],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42842,42843,42845,42847,42849,42851,42853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42844,32295],{"class":148},[52,42846,152],{"class":66},[52,42848,3836],{"class":646},[52,42850,35],{"class":66},[52,42852,34613],{"class":24889},[52,42854,159],{"class":66},[14,42856,42857],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[227,42859,42860,42863,42866,42868],{},[230,42861,42862],{},"What object this is",[230,42864,42865],{},"What arguments it accepts",[230,42867,22108],{},[230,42869,42870],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42872,42873],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[37,42875,42877],{"id":42876},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42879,42880,30015],{},[49,42881,35172],{},[227,42883,42884,42887,42890,42893],{},[230,42885,42886],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[230,42888,42889],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[230,42891,42892],{},"You are exploring a new module",[230,42894,42895],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42897,42898],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[42,42900,42901],{"className":44,"code":42838,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,42902,42903],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42904,42905,42907,42909,42911,42913,42915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42906,32295],{"class":148},[52,42908,152],{"class":66},[52,42910,3836],{"class":646},[52,42912,35],{"class":66},[52,42914,34613],{"class":24889},[52,42916,159],{"class":66},[14,42918,42919],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[42,42921,42923],{"className":44,"code":42922,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(open)\n",[49,42924,42925],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42926,42927,42929,42931,42933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42928,32295],{"class":148},[52,42930,152],{"class":66},[52,42932,42578],{"class":148},[52,42934,159],{"class":66},[37,42936,42938],{"id":42937},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42940,42941,42943],{},[49,42942,35172],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[227,42945,42946,42949,42952,42955],{},[230,42947,42948],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[230,42950,42951],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[230,42953,42954],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[230,42956,42957],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42959,42960,42961,42963],{},"So, ",[49,42962,35172],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42965,5869],{},[42,42967,42969],{"className":44,"code":42968,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[49,42970,42971,42984,43008,43012],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,42972,42973,42975,42977,42979,42982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42974,34832],{"class":58},[52,42976,63],{"class":62},[52,42978,87],{"class":73},[52,42980,42981],{"class":77},"a,b,c",[52,42983,297],{"class":73},[52,42985,42986,42989,42991,42994,42996,42998,43000,43002,43004,43006],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,42987,42988],{"class":58},"parts ",[52,42990,63],{"class":62},[52,42992,42993],{"class":58}," text",[52,42995,35],{"class":66},[52,42997,34613],{"class":155},[52,42999,152],{"class":66},[52,43001,81],{"class":73},[52,43003,193],{"class":77},[52,43005,81],{"class":73},[52,43007,159],{"class":66},[52,43009,43010],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,43011,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,43013,43014,43016,43018,43021],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,43015,149],{"class":148},[52,43017,152],{"class":66},[52,43019,43020],{"class":155},"parts",[52,43022,159],{"class":66},[14,43024,5957],{},[42,43026,43028],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[49,43029,43030],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43031,43032,43034,43036,43038,43040,43042,43044,43046,43048,43050,43052,43054,43056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43033,1709],{"class":66},[52,43035,177],{"class":73},[52,43037,26],{"class":77},[52,43039,177],{"class":73},[52,43041,193],{"class":66},[52,43043,186],{"class":73},[52,43045,5157],{"class":77},[52,43047,177],{"class":73},[52,43049,193],{"class":66},[52,43051,186],{"class":73},[52,43053,10111],{"class":77},[52,43055,177],{"class":73},[52,43057,4030],{"class":66},[14,43059,43060],{},"A good workflow is:",[28854,43062,43063,43068,43071,43074],{},[230,43064,340,43065,43067],{},[49,43066,35172],{}," to inspect something",[230,43069,43070],{},"Write a tiny example",[230,43072,43073],{},"Check the result",[230,43075,43076],{},"Repeat",[37,43078,43080],{"id":43079},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43082,43083,2262,43085,43087],{},[49,43084,35172],{},[49,43086,34455],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[487,43089,43090],{"id":32295},[49,43091,35172],{},[14,43093,340,43094,43096],{},[49,43095,35172],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43098,43099],{},"It tells you:",[227,43101,43102,43105,43108],{},[230,43103,43104],{},"What something is",[230,43106,43107],{},"How to use it",[230,43109,43110],{},"What parameters it accepts",[487,43112,43113],{"id":34516},[49,43114,34455],{},[14,43116,340,43117,43119],{},[49,43118,34455],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[42,43121,43123],{"className":44,"code":43122,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dir(str)\n",[49,43124,43125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43126,43127,43129,43131,43133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43128,34516],{"class":148},[52,43130,152],{"class":66},[52,43132,3836],{"class":646},[52,43134,159],{"class":66},[14,43136,43137,43138,2203,43140,2210,43142,35],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[49,43139,34613],{},[49,43141,9031],{},[49,43143,9037],{},[14,43145,43146,43147,84],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[49,43148,35172],{},[42,43150,43152],{"className":44,"code":43151,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(str.lower)\n",[49,43153,43154],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43155,43156,43158,43160,43162,43164,43166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43157,32295],{"class":148},[52,43159,152],{"class":66},[52,43161,3836],{"class":646},[52,43163,35],{"class":66},[52,43165,9037],{"class":24889},[52,43167,159],{"class":66},[14,43169,43170],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[227,43172,43173,43178],{},[230,43174,340,43175,43177],{},[49,43176,34455],{}," to discover options",[230,43179,340,43180,43182],{},[49,43181,35172],{}," to understand one option",[37,43184,1743],{"id":1742},[14,43186,43187,43188,35],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[49,43189,35172],{},[487,43191,8813,43193,43196,43197],{"id":43192},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[49,43194,43195],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[49,43198,43199],{},"help(len)",[14,43201,43202],{},"These are not always the same.",[42,43204,43206],{"className":44,"code":43205,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[49,43207,43208,43218],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43209,43210,43212,43214,43216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43211,32295],{"class":148},[52,43213,152],{"class":66},[52,43215,2082],{"class":148},[52,43217,159],{"class":66},[52,43219,43220,43222,43224,43226,43228,43230],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43221,32295],{"class":148},[52,43223,152],{"class":66},[52,43225,177],{"class":73},[52,43227,2082],{"class":77},[52,43229,177],{"class":73},[52,43231,159],{"class":66},[14,43233,43234,43236],{},[49,43235,43199],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43238,43239,43241,43242,43245],{},[49,43240,43195],{}," treats ",[49,43243,43244],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[487,43247,43249],{"id":43248},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43251,43252,43254],{},[49,43253,35172],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43256,43257],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[487,43259,43261],{"id":43260},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43263,40493,43264,43266],{},[49,43265,35172],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43268,511],{},[42,43270,43272],{"className":44,"code":43271,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[49,43273,43274,43284],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43275,43276,43278,43280,43282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43277,32295],{"class":148},[52,43279,152],{"class":66},[52,43281,2082],{"class":148},[52,43283,159],{"class":66},[52,43285,43286,43288,43290,43292,43295,43297],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43287,149],{"class":148},[52,43289,152],{"class":66},[52,43291,81],{"class":73},[52,43293,43294],{"class":77},"Done",[52,43296,81],{"class":73},[52,43298,159],{"class":66},[14,43300,43301],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[487,43303,37352,43305,9101,43307],{"id":43304},"confusing-help-with-dir",[49,43306,35172],{},[49,43308,34455],{},[14,43310,43311,43312,35],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[49,43313,34455],{},[14,43315,43316,43317,35],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[49,43318,35172],{},[37,43320,43322],{"id":43321},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43324,43325],{},"Open Python:",[42,43327,43328],{"className":44,"code":35688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,43329,43330],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43331,43332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43333,35688],{"class":58},[14,43335,43336],{},"Then test these commands:",[42,43338,43340],{"className":44,"code":43339,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[49,43341,43342,43352,43366,43380,43390,43405],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43343,43344,43346,43348,43350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43345,32295],{"class":148},[52,43347,152],{"class":66},[52,43349,2082],{"class":148},[52,43351,159],{"class":66},[52,43353,43354,43356,43358,43360,43362,43364],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43355,32295],{"class":148},[52,43357,152],{"class":66},[52,43359,3836],{"class":646},[52,43361,35],{"class":66},[52,43363,34613],{"class":24889},[52,43365,159],{"class":66},[52,43367,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376,43378],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,43369,32295],{"class":148},[52,43371,152],{"class":66},[52,43373,8488],{"class":646},[52,43375,35],{"class":66},[52,43377,13909],{"class":24889},[52,43379,159],{"class":66},[52,43381,43382,43384,43386,43388],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,43383,32295],{"class":148},[52,43385,152],{"class":66},[52,43387,42578],{"class":148},[52,43389,159],{"class":66},[52,43391,43392,43394,43396,43398,43401,43403],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,43393,32295],{"class":148},[52,43395,152],{"class":66},[52,43397,177],{"class":73},[52,43399,43400],{"class":77},"keywords",[52,43402,177],{"class":73},[52,43404,159],{"class":66},[52,43406,43407,43409,43411,43413],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43408,34516],{"class":148},[52,43410,152],{"class":66},[52,43412,3836],{"class":646},[52,43414,159],{"class":66},[14,43416,43417],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[227,43419,43420,43423,43426,43429,43432,43435],{},[230,43421,43422],{},"A built-in function",[230,43424,43425],{},"A string method",[230,43427,43428],{},"A list method",[230,43430,43431],{},"A built-in file function",[230,43433,43434],{},"A special help topic",[230,43436,254,43437,43439],{},[49,43438,34455],{}," example for comparison",[37,43441,2220],{"id":2219},[487,43443,43445],{"id":43444},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43447,43448],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[487,43450,43452],{"id":43451},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43454,43455,43456,43458],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[49,43457,35172],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[42,43460,43462],{"className":44,"code":43461,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[49,43463,43464,43476,43489,43508,43512],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43465,43466,43468,43470,43472,43474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43467,34996],{"class":774},[52,43469,35000],{"class":34999},[52,43471,152],{"class":66},[52,43473,78],{"class":37811},[52,43475,8737],{"class":66},[52,43477,43478,43482,43486],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43479,43481],{"class":43480},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[52,43483,43485],{"class":43484},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[52,43487,43488],{"class":43480},"\"\"\"\n",[52,43490,43491,43493,43496,43499,43501,43503,43505],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,43492,35007],{"class":4272},[52,43494,43495],{"class":774}," f",[52,43497,43498],{"class":77},"\"Hello, ",[52,43500,174],{"class":110},[52,43502,78],{"class":58},[52,43504,22441],{"class":110},[52,43506,43507],{"class":77},"!\"\n",[52,43509,43510],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,43511,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,43513,43514,43516,43518,43520],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,43515,32295],{"class":148},[52,43517,152],{"class":66},[52,43519,35042],{"class":155},[52,43521,159],{"class":66},[487,43523,43525],{"id":43524},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43527,43528,43530,43531,43533],{},[49,43529,43199],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[49,43532,43195],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[487,43535,43537],{"id":43536},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43539,43540],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[37,43542,2277],{"id":2276},[227,43544,43545,43550,43554,43559,43564],{},[230,43546,43547],{},[26,43548,43549],{"href":42757},"Python dir() function explained",[230,43551,43552],{},[26,43553,8838],{"href":2696},[230,43555,43556],{},[26,43557,43558],{"href":42509},"Python len() function explained",[230,43560,43561],{},[26,43562,43563],{"href":42804},"How import works in Python",[230,43565,43566],{},[26,43567,35302],{"href":42809},[14,43569,43570,43571,43573,43574,2203,43576,2210,43578,43580,43581,30,43584,43587],{},"Try ",[49,43572,35172],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[49,43575,2082],{},[49,43577,149],{},[49,43579,42614],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[49,43582,43583],{},"dir(str)",[49,43585,43586],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2315,43589,43590],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":43592},[43593,43594,43595,43596,43602,43603,43604,43605,43609,43617,43618,43624],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":42474,"depth":70,"text":42475},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":42599,"depth":70,"text":42600,"children":43597},[43598,43599,43600,43601],{"id":42603,"depth":98,"text":42604},{"id":42656,"depth":98,"text":42657},{"id":34650,"depth":98,"text":42494},{"id":34803,"depth":98,"text":42497},{"id":35062,"depth":70,"text":35063},{"id":42876,"depth":70,"text":42877},{"id":42937,"depth":70,"text":42938},{"id":43079,"depth":70,"text":43080,"children":43606},[43607,43608],{"id":32295,"depth":98,"text":35172},{"id":34516,"depth":98,"text":34455},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":43610},[43611,43613,43614,43615],{"id":43192,"depth":98,"text":43612},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43248,"depth":98,"text":43249},{"id":43260,"depth":98,"text":43261},{"id":43304,"depth":98,"text":43616},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43321,"depth":70,"text":43322},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":43619},[43620,43621,43622,43623],{"id":43444,"depth":98,"text":43445},{"id":43451,"depth":98,"text":43452},{"id":43524,"depth":98,"text":43525},{"id":43536,"depth":98,"text":43537},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42403,"description":43625},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43631,"title":43632,"body":43633,"description":44995,"extension":2357,"meta":44996,"navigation":141,"path":44997,"seo":44998,"stem":44999,"__hash__":45000},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43634,"toc":44968},[43635,43641,43646,43652,43662,43721,43731,43742,43747,43753,43755,43773,43781,43783,43785,43800,43803,43814,43816,43907,43910,43914,43919,43940,43942,44053,44055,44082,44093,44097,44100,44183,44185,44193,44199,44205,44209,44212,44322,44324,44337,44340,44354,44362,44369,44374,44388,44394,44507,44509,44570,44573,44579,44585,44588,44610,44613,44683,44686,44718,44725,44727,44730,44748,44751,44763,44769,44771,44776,44802,44805,44877,44879,44885,44888,44894,44897,44903,44913,44919,44922,44929,44932,44934,44965],[10,43636,3969,43638,3973],{"id":43637},"python-id-function-explained",[49,43639,43640],{},"id()",[14,43642,32460,43643,43645],{},[49,43644,43640],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43647,43648,43649,43651],{},"Beginners usually see ",[49,43650,43640],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43653,340,43654,43656,43657,43659,43660,35],{},[49,43655,43640],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[18,43658,1006],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[49,43661,5084],{},[42,43663,43665],{"className":44,"code":43664,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[49,43666,43667,43679,43693,43697,43707],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43668,43669,43671,43673,43675,43677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43670,8271],{"class":58},[52,43672,63],{"class":62},[52,43674,87],{"class":73},[52,43676,408],{"class":77},[52,43678,297],{"class":73},[52,43680,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689,43691],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43682,149],{"class":148},[52,43684,152],{"class":66},[52,43686,13006],{"class":148},[52,43688,152],{"class":66},[52,43690,78],{"class":155},[52,43692,742],{"class":66},[52,43694,43695],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,43696,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,43698,43699,43702,43704],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,43700,43701],{"class":58},"other ",[52,43703,63],{"class":62},[52,43705,43706],{"class":58}," name\n",[52,43708,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,43710,149],{"class":148},[52,43712,152],{"class":66},[52,43714,13006],{"class":148},[52,43716,152],{"class":66},[52,43718,30885],{"class":155},[52,43720,742],{"class":66},[14,43722,43723,43724,43727,43728,43730],{},"In this example, ",[49,43725,43726],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[49,43729,43640],{}," values match.",[43732,43733,43734],"blockquote",{},[14,43735,340,43736,43738,43739,43741],{},[49,43737,43640],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[49,43740,5084],{}," for value comparison.",[37,43743,4073,43745,4076],{"id":43744},"what-id-does",[49,43746,43640],{},[14,43748,43749,43752],{},[49,43750,43751],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43754,13407],{},[227,43756,43757,43760,43767,43770],{},[230,43758,43759],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[230,43761,43762,43763,43766],{},"It shows ",[18,43764,43765],{},"object identity",", not object value",[230,43768,43769],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[230,43771,43772],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43774,43775,43776,43780],{},"This is closely related to how ",[26,43777,43779],{"href":43778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[37,43782,2553],{"id":2552},[14,43784,5831],{},[42,43786,43788],{"className":44,"code":43787,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"id(object)\n",[49,43789,43790],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43791,43792,43794,43796,43798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43793,13006],{"class":148},[52,43795,152],{"class":66},[52,43797,42550],{"class":646},[52,43799,159],{"class":66},[14,43801,43802],{},"Important details:",[227,43804,43805,43808,43811],{},[230,43806,43807],{},"It takes one argument",[230,43809,43810],{},"It returns an integer",[230,43812,43813],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43815,511],{},[42,43817,43819],{"className":44,"code":43818,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[49,43820,43821,43833,43841,43861,43865,43879,43893],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43822,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43824,34832],{"class":58},[52,43826,63],{"class":62},[52,43828,87],{"class":73},[52,43830,4241],{"class":77},[52,43832,297],{"class":73},[52,43834,43835,43837,43839],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43836,2613],{"class":58},[52,43838,63],{"class":62},[52,43840,3168],{"class":110},[52,43842,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857,43859],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,43844,8175],{"class":58},[52,43846,63],{"class":62},[52,43848,4017],{"class":66},[52,43850,1565],{"class":110},[52,43852,193],{"class":66},[52,43854,1570],{"class":110},[52,43856,193],{"class":66},[52,43858,2850],{"class":110},[52,43860,4030],{"class":66},[52,43862,43863],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,43864,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,43866,43867,43869,43871,43873,43875,43877],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,43868,149],{"class":148},[52,43870,152],{"class":66},[52,43872,13006],{"class":148},[52,43874,152],{"class":66},[52,43876,34853],{"class":155},[52,43878,742],{"class":66},[52,43880,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,43882,149],{"class":148},[52,43884,152],{"class":66},[52,43886,13006],{"class":148},[52,43888,152],{"class":66},[52,43890,2636],{"class":155},[52,43892,742],{"class":66},[52,43894,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903,43905],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,43896,149],{"class":148},[52,43898,152],{"class":66},[52,43900,13006],{"class":148},[52,43902,152],{"class":66},[52,43904,8204],{"class":155},[52,43906,742],{"class":66},[14,43908,43909],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[37,43911,43913],{"id":43912},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43915,43916,43917,35],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[49,43918,43640],{},[227,43920,43921,43928,43935],{},[230,43922,43923,43925,43926],{},[49,43924,5084],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[18,43927,263],{},[230,43929,43930,43932,43933],{},[49,43931,12551],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[18,43934,42550],{},[230,43936,43937,43939],{},[49,43938,43640],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43941,511],{},[42,43943,43945],{"className":44,"code":43944,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[49,43946,43947,43967,43987,43991,44008,44025,44039],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,43948,43949,43951,43953,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43950,2953],{"class":58},[52,43952,63],{"class":62},[52,43954,4017],{"class":66},[52,43956,1565],{"class":110},[52,43958,193],{"class":66},[52,43960,1570],{"class":110},[52,43962,193],{"class":66},[52,43964,2850],{"class":110},[52,43966,4030],{"class":66},[52,43968,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,43970,2981],{"class":58},[52,43972,63],{"class":62},[52,43974,4017],{"class":66},[52,43976,1565],{"class":110},[52,43978,193],{"class":66},[52,43980,1570],{"class":110},[52,43982,193],{"class":66},[52,43984,2850],{"class":110},[52,43986,4030],{"class":66},[52,43988,43989],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,43990,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,43992,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,43994,149],{"class":148},[52,43996,152],{"class":66},[52,43998,2953],{"class":155},[52,44000,5084],{"class":62},[52,44002,2958],{"class":155},[52,44004,4056],{"class":66},[52,44006,44007],{"class":1017},"   # True\n",[52,44009,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018,44020,44022],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,44011,149],{"class":148},[52,44013,152],{"class":66},[52,44015,2953],{"class":155},[52,44017,12551],{"class":4272},[52,44019,2958],{"class":155},[52,44021,4056],{"class":66},[52,44023,44024],{"class":1017},"   # False\n",[52,44026,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44028,149],{"class":148},[52,44030,152],{"class":66},[52,44032,13006],{"class":148},[52,44034,152],{"class":66},[52,44036,26],{"class":155},[52,44038,742],{"class":66},[52,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,44042,149],{"class":148},[52,44044,152],{"class":66},[52,44046,13006],{"class":148},[52,44048,152],{"class":66},[52,44050,5157],{"class":155},[52,44052,742],{"class":66},[14,44054,2575],{},[227,44056,44057,44065,44073],{},[230,44058,44059,5180,44062,44064],{},[49,44060,44061],{},"a == b",[49,44063,862],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[230,44066,44067,5180,44070,44072],{},[49,44068,44069],{},"a is b",[49,44071,4069],{}," because they are different list objects",[230,44074,44075,2262,44078,44081],{},[49,44076,44077],{},"id(a)",[49,44079,44080],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44083,44084,44085,2262,44089,35],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[26,44086,44088],{"href":44087},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[26,44090,44092],{"href":44091},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[37,44094,44096],{"id":44095},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44098,44099],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[42,44101,44103],{"className":44,"code":44102,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[49,44104,44105,44125,44135,44139,44153,44168],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44106,44107,44109,44111,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44108,4012],{"class":58},[52,44110,63],{"class":62},[52,44112,4017],{"class":66},[52,44114,2728],{"class":110},[52,44116,193],{"class":66},[52,44118,111],{"class":110},[52,44120,193],{"class":66},[52,44122,1929],{"class":110},[52,44124,4030],{"class":66},[52,44126,44127,44130,44132],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44128,44129],{"class":58},"other_numbers ",[52,44131,63],{"class":62},[52,44133,44134],{"class":58}," numbers\n",[52,44136,44137],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,44138,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,44140,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,44142,149],{"class":148},[52,44144,152],{"class":66},[52,44146,13006],{"class":148},[52,44148,152],{"class":66},[52,44150,1578],{"class":155},[52,44152,742],{"class":66},[52,44154,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163,44166],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,44156,149],{"class":148},[52,44158,152],{"class":66},[52,44160,13006],{"class":148},[52,44162,152],{"class":66},[52,44164,44165],{"class":155},"other_numbers",[52,44167,742],{"class":66},[52,44169,44170,44172,44174,44176,44178,44181],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44171,149],{"class":148},[52,44173,152],{"class":66},[52,44175,4012],{"class":155},[52,44177,12551],{"class":4272},[52,44179,44180],{"class":155}," other_numbers",[52,44182,159],{"class":66},[14,44184,5957],{},[42,44186,44187],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,44188,44189],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44190,44191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44192,4374],{"class":128},[14,44194,44195,44196,44198],{},"The two ",[49,44197,43640],{}," values will also match.",[14,44200,22327,44201,44204],{},[49,44202,44203],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[37,44206,44208],{"id":44207},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44210,44211],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[42,44213,44215],{"className":44,"code":44214,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[49,44216,44217,44238,44259,44263,44278,44292,44307],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44218,44219,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44220,44221],{"class":58},"list_a ",[52,44223,63],{"class":62},[52,44225,4017],{"class":66},[52,44227,1565],{"class":110},[52,44229,193],{"class":66},[52,44231,1570],{"class":110},[52,44233,193],{"class":66},[52,44235,2850],{"class":110},[52,44237,4030],{"class":66},[52,44239,44240,44243,44245,44247,44249,44251,44253,44255,44257],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44241,44242],{"class":58},"list_b ",[52,44244,63],{"class":62},[52,44246,4017],{"class":66},[52,44248,1565],{"class":110},[52,44250,193],{"class":66},[52,44252,1570],{"class":110},[52,44254,193],{"class":66},[52,44256,2850],{"class":110},[52,44258,4030],{"class":66},[52,44260,44261],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,44262,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,44264,44265,44267,44269,44271,44273,44276],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,44266,149],{"class":148},[52,44268,152],{"class":66},[52,44270,44221],{"class":155},[52,44272,5084],{"class":62},[52,44274,44275],{"class":155}," list_b",[52,44277,159],{"class":66},[52,44279,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,44281,149],{"class":148},[52,44283,152],{"class":66},[52,44285,44221],{"class":155},[52,44287,12551],{"class":4272},[52,44289,44275],{"class":155},[52,44291,159],{"class":66},[52,44293,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44305],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44295,149],{"class":148},[52,44297,152],{"class":66},[52,44299,13006],{"class":148},[52,44301,152],{"class":66},[52,44303,44304],{"class":155},"list_a",[52,44306,742],{"class":66},[52,44308,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44320],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,44310,149],{"class":148},[52,44312,152],{"class":66},[52,44314,13006],{"class":148},[52,44316,152],{"class":66},[52,44318,44319],{"class":155},"list_b",[52,44321,742],{"class":66},[14,44323,5957],{},[42,44325,44327],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nFalse\n",[49,44328,44329,44333],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44330,44331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44332,4374],{"class":128},[52,44334,44335],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44336,4435],{"class":128},[14,44338,44339],{},"What this means:",[227,44341,44342,44345,44348],{},[230,44343,44344],{},"The lists are equal in value",[230,44346,44347],{},"They are not the same object",[230,44349,44350,44351,44353],{},"Their ",[49,44352,43640],{}," values are usually different",[14,44355,44356,44357,44359,44360,35],{},"This is why ",[49,44358,43640],{}," should not replace ",[49,44361,5084],{},[37,44363,44365,44366,44368],{"id":44364},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[49,44367,43640],{}," is useful",[14,44370,44371,44373],{},[49,44372,43640],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[227,44375,44376,44379,44382,44385],{},[230,44377,44378],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[230,44380,44381],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[230,44383,44384],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[230,44386,44387],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44389,44390,44391,44393],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[49,44392,43640],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[42,44395,44397],{"className":44,"code":44396,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[49,44398,44399,44423,44432,44436,44455,44459,44469,44479,44493],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44400,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417,44419,44421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44402,12443],{"class":58},[52,44404,63],{"class":62},[52,44406,4017],{"class":66},[52,44408,81],{"class":73},[52,44410,26],{"class":77},[52,44412,81],{"class":73},[52,44414,193],{"class":66},[52,44416,87],{"class":73},[52,44418,5157],{"class":77},[52,44420,81],{"class":73},[52,44422,4030],{"class":66},[52,44424,44425,44428,44430],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44426,44427],{"class":58},"copy_ref ",[52,44429,63],{"class":62},[52,44431,12481],{"class":58},[52,44433,44434],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,44435,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,44437,44438,44441,44443,44445,44447,44449,44451,44453],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,44439,44440],{"class":58},"copy_ref",[52,44442,35],{"class":66},[52,44444,13909],{"class":155},[52,44446,152],{"class":66},[52,44448,81],{"class":73},[52,44450,10111],{"class":77},[52,44452,81],{"class":73},[52,44454,159],{"class":66},[52,44456,44457],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,44458,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,44460,44461,44463,44465,44467],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,44462,149],{"class":148},[52,44464,152],{"class":66},[52,44466,12490],{"class":155},[52,44468,159],{"class":66},[52,44470,44471,44473,44475,44477],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,44472,149],{"class":148},[52,44474,152],{"class":66},[52,44476,44440],{"class":155},[52,44478,159],{"class":66},[52,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,44482,149],{"class":148},[52,44484,152],{"class":66},[52,44486,13006],{"class":148},[52,44488,152],{"class":66},[52,44490,12490],{"class":155},[52,44492,742],{"class":66},[52,44494,44495,44497,44499,44501,44503,44505],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,44496,149],{"class":148},[52,44498,152],{"class":66},[52,44500,13006],{"class":148},[52,44502,152],{"class":66},[52,44504,44440],{"class":155},[52,44506,742],{"class":66},[14,44508,5957],{},[42,44510,44512],{"className":44,"code":44511,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[49,44513,44514,44542],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44515,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44517,1709],{"class":66},[52,44519,177],{"class":73},[52,44521,26],{"class":77},[52,44523,177],{"class":73},[52,44525,193],{"class":66},[52,44527,186],{"class":73},[52,44529,5157],{"class":77},[52,44531,177],{"class":73},[52,44533,193],{"class":66},[52,44535,186],{"class":73},[52,44537,10111],{"class":77},[52,44539,177],{"class":73},[52,44541,4030],{"class":66},[52,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44545,1709],{"class":66},[52,44547,177],{"class":73},[52,44549,26],{"class":77},[52,44551,177],{"class":73},[52,44553,193],{"class":66},[52,44555,186],{"class":73},[52,44557,5157],{"class":77},[52,44559,177],{"class":73},[52,44561,193],{"class":66},[52,44563,186],{"class":73},[52,44565,10111],{"class":77},[52,44567,177],{"class":73},[52,44569,4030],{"class":66},[14,44571,44572],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[37,44574,44576,44577],{"id":44575},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[49,44578,43640],{},[14,44580,44581,44582,44584],{},"Do not use ",[49,44583,43640],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44586,44587],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[227,44589,44590,44596,44602,44605],{},[230,44591,44592,44593,44595],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[49,44594,5084],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[230,44597,44598,44599,44601],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[49,44600,43640],{}," values across program runs",[230,44603,44604],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[230,44606,44607,44608],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[49,44609,43640],{},[14,44611,44612],{},"Bad example:",[42,44614,44616],{"className":44,"code":44615,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[49,44617,44618,44630,44642,44646,44668],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44621,2953],{"class":58},[52,44623,63],{"class":62},[52,44625,87],{"class":73},[52,44627,37195],{"class":77},[52,44629,297],{"class":73},[52,44631,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44633,2981],{"class":58},[52,44635,63],{"class":62},[52,44637,87],{"class":73},[52,44639,37195],{"class":77},[52,44641,297],{"class":73},[52,44643,44644],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,44645,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,44647,44648,44650,44652,44654,44656,44658,44660,44662,44664,44666],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,44649,7395],{"class":4272},[52,44651,15171],{"class":148},[52,44653,152],{"class":66},[52,44655,26],{"class":155},[52,44657,4056],{"class":66},[52,44659,6807],{"class":62},[52,44661,15171],{"class":148},[52,44663,152],{"class":66},[52,44665,5157],{"class":155},[52,44667,8737],{"class":66},[52,44669,44670,44672,44674,44676,44679,44681],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,44671,8463],{"class":148},[52,44673,152],{"class":66},[52,44675,81],{"class":73},[52,44677,44678],{"class":77},"The values are equal",[52,44680,81],{"class":73},[52,44682,159],{"class":66},[14,44684,44685],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[42,44687,44689],{"className":44,"code":44688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[49,44690,44691,44704],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44692,44693,44695,44698,44700,44702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44694,7395],{"class":4272},[52,44696,44697],{"class":58}," a ",[52,44699,5084],{"class":62},[52,44701,2958],{"class":58},[52,44703,6792],{"class":66},[52,44705,44706,44708,44710,44712,44714,44716],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44707,8463],{"class":148},[52,44709,152],{"class":66},[52,44711,81],{"class":73},[52,44713,44678],{"class":77},[52,44715,81],{"class":73},[52,44717,159],{"class":66},[14,44719,340,44720,30,44722,44724],{},[49,44721,12551],{},[49,44723,43640],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[37,44726,20938],{"id":20937},[14,44728,44729],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[227,44731,44732,44735,44738,44743],{},[230,44733,44734],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[230,44736,44737],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[230,44739,44740,44741],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[49,44742,43640],{},[230,44744,44745,44746],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[49,44747,43640],{},[14,44749,44750],{},"The important rule is:",[227,44752,44753,44758],{},[230,44754,340,44755,44757],{},[49,44756,5084],{}," to check value",[230,44759,340,44760,44762],{},[49,44761,12551],{}," to check identity",[14,44764,44765,44766,44768],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[49,44767,43640],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[37,44770,1743],{"id":1742},[14,44772,44773,44774,84],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[49,44775,43640],{},[227,44777,44778,44786,44789,44792,44797],{},[230,44779,8813,44780,44782,44783,44785],{},[49,44781,43640],{}," when ",[49,44784,5084],{}," should be used",[230,44787,44788],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[230,44790,44791],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[230,44793,44794,44795],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[49,44796,43640],{},[230,44798,8813,44799,44801],{},[49,44800,43640],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44803,44804],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[42,44806,44808],{"className":44,"code":44807,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[49,44809,44810,44825,44839,44853,44867],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,44811,44812,44814,44816,44818,44820,44823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44813,149],{"class":148},[52,44815,152],{"class":66},[52,44817,13006],{"class":148},[52,44819,152],{"class":66},[52,44821,44822],{"class":155},"my_object",[52,44824,742],{"class":66},[52,44826,44827,44829,44831,44833,44835,44837],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,44828,149],{"class":148},[52,44830,152],{"class":66},[52,44832,2953],{"class":155},[52,44834,5084],{"class":62},[52,44836,2958],{"class":155},[52,44838,159],{"class":66},[52,44840,44841,44843,44845,44847,44849,44851],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,44842,149],{"class":148},[52,44844,152],{"class":66},[52,44846,2953],{"class":155},[52,44848,12551],{"class":4272},[52,44850,2958],{"class":155},[52,44852,159],{"class":66},[52,44854,44855,44857,44859,44861,44863,44865],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,44856,149],{"class":148},[52,44858,152],{"class":66},[52,44860,734],{"class":646},[52,44862,152],{"class":66},[52,44864,44822],{"class":155},[52,44866,742],{"class":66},[52,44868,44869,44871,44873,44875],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,44870,32295],{"class":148},[52,44872,152],{"class":66},[52,44874,13006],{"class":148},[52,44876,159],{"class":66},[37,44878,2220],{"id":2219},[487,44880,44882,44883,13073],{"id":44881},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[49,44884,43640],{},[14,44886,44887],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[487,44889,15257,44891,44893],{"id":44890},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[49,44892,43640],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44895,44896],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[487,44898,21558,44900,44902],{"id":44899},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[49,44901,43640],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44904,30412,44905,44907,44908,30,44910,44912],{},[49,44906,5084],{}," to compare values. Use ",[49,44909,43640],{},[49,44911,12551],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[487,44914,44916,44917,2265],{"id":44915},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[49,44918,43640],{},[14,44920,44921],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[487,44923,44925,44926,44928],{"id":44924},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[49,44927,43640],{}," values?",[14,44930,44931],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[37,44933,2277],{"id":2276},[227,44935,44936,44941,44946,44951,44959],{},[230,44937,44938],{},[26,44939,44940],{"href":43778},"Python variables explained for beginners",[230,44942,44943],{},[26,44944,44945],{"href":44087},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[230,44947,44948],{},[26,44949,44950],{"href":44091},"Python data types overview",[230,44952,44953],{},[26,44954,3969,44956,3902],{"href":44955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[49,44957,44958],{},"isinstance()",[230,44960,44961],{},[26,44962,44964],{"href":44963},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2315,44966,44967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":44969},[44970,44972,44973,44974,44975,44976,44978,44980,44981,44982,44994],{"id":43744,"depth":70,"text":44971},"What id() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":43912,"depth":70,"text":43913},{"id":44095,"depth":70,"text":44096},{"id":44207,"depth":70,"text":44208},{"id":44364,"depth":70,"text":44977},"When id() is useful",{"id":44575,"depth":70,"text":44979},"When not to use id()",{"id":20937,"depth":70,"text":20938},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":44983},[44984,44986,44988,44990,44992],{"id":44881,"depth":98,"text":44985},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44890,"depth":98,"text":44987},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44899,"depth":98,"text":44989},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44915,"depth":98,"text":44991},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44924,"depth":98,"text":44993},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43632,"description":44995},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45002,"title":42345,"body":45003,"description":46643,"extension":2357,"meta":46644,"navigation":141,"path":46645,"seo":46646,"stem":46647,"__hash__":46648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45004,"toc":46609},[45005,45010,45015,45018,45020,45063,45068,45071,45076,45081,45084,45100,45102,45146,45148,45175,45177,45192,45194,45196,45198,45214,45216,45228,45231,45265,45268,45293,45298,45300,45305,45309,45312,45314,45362,45364,45397,45403,45414,45416,45468,45470,45501,45503,45507,45511,45554,45560,45566,45618,45626,45631,45635,45726,45728,45761,45764,45766,45826,45828,45854,45864,45866,45870,45875,45880,45882,45919,45921,45940,45943,45947,45950,46006,46018,46027,46029,46056,46064,46071,46075,46078,46115,46118,46124,46161,46163,46167,46173,46191,46196,46244,46248,46337,46340,46347,46349,46351,46356,46374,46376,46419,46425,46442,46444,46506,46508,46510,46516,46524,46530,46536,46545,46555,46559,46567,46569,46571,46606],[10,45006,3969,45008,3973],{"id":45007},"python-input-function-explained",[49,45009,3355],{},[14,45011,2374,45012,45014],{},[49,45013,3355],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45016,45017],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[37,45019,40],{"id":39},[42,45021,45023],{"className":44,"code":45022,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[49,45024,45025,45044],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45026,45027,45029,45031,45033,45035,45037,45040,45042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45028,8271],{"class":58},[52,45030,63],{"class":62},[52,45032,8637],{"class":148},[52,45034,152],{"class":66},[52,45036,81],{"class":73},[52,45038,45039],{"class":77},"Enter your name: ",[52,45041,81],{"class":73},[52,45043,159],{"class":66},[52,45045,45046,45048,45050,45052,45055,45057,45059,45061],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45047,149],{"class":148},[52,45049,152],{"class":66},[52,45051,81],{"class":73},[52,45053,45054],{"class":77},"Hello, ",[52,45056,81],{"class":73},[52,45058,2853],{"class":62},[52,45060,36138],{"class":155},[52,45062,159],{"class":66},[14,45064,340,45065,45067],{},[49,45066,3355],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45069,45070],"hr",{},[37,45072,4073,45074,4076],{"id":45073},"what-input-does",[49,45075,3355],{},[14,45077,45078,45080],{},[49,45079,3355],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45082,45083],{},"Here is what happens:",[227,45085,45086,45091,45094,45097],{},[230,45087,45088,45090],{},[49,45089,3355],{}," waits for the user to type",[230,45092,45093],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[230,45095,45096],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[230,45098,45099],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45101,511],{},[42,45103,45105],{"className":44,"code":45104,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[49,45106,45107,45127],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45108,45109,45112,45114,45116,45118,45120,45123,45125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45110,45111],{"class":58},"color ",[52,45113,63],{"class":62},[52,45115,8637],{"class":148},[52,45117,152],{"class":66},[52,45119,81],{"class":73},[52,45121,45122],{"class":77},"What is your favorite color? ",[52,45124,81],{"class":73},[52,45126,159],{"class":66},[52,45128,45129,45131,45133,45135,45138,45140,45142,45144],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45130,149],{"class":148},[52,45132,152],{"class":66},[52,45134,81],{"class":73},[52,45136,45137],{"class":77},"Your favorite color is",[52,45139,81],{"class":73},[52,45141,193],{"class":66},[52,45143,35997],{"class":155},[52,45145,159],{"class":66},[14,45147,30171],{},[42,45149,45151],{"className":44,"code":45150,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[49,45152,45153,45166],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45154,45155,45157,45159,45162,45164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45156,4073],{"class":58},[52,45158,12551],{"class":62},[52,45160,45161],{"class":58}," your favorite color",[52,45163,2265],{"class":37515},[52,45165,36027],{"class":58},[52,45167,45168,45171,45173],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45169,45170],{"class":58},"Your favorite color ",[52,45172,12551],{"class":62},[52,45174,36027],{"class":58},[14,45176,20094],{},[227,45178,45179,45184,45189],{},[230,45180,45181,45182],{},"The prompt is ",[49,45183,45122],{},[230,45185,45186,45187],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[49,45188,33034],{},[230,45190,45191],{},"That value is then printed",[45069,45193],{},[37,45195,2553],{"id":2552},[14,45197,7615],{},[42,45199,45201],{"className":44,"code":45200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"input(prompt)\n",[49,45202,45203],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45204,45205,45207,45209,45212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45206,42614],{"class":148},[52,45208,152],{"class":66},[52,45210,45211],{"class":155},"prompt",[52,45213,159],{"class":66},[14,45215,11820],{},[227,45217,45218,45222,45225],{},[230,45219,2374,45220,20176],{},[49,45221,45211],{},[230,45223,45224],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[230,45226,45227],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45229,45230],{},"Example with a prompt:",[42,45232,45234],{"className":44,"code":45233,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[49,45235,45236,45255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45237,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45251,45253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45239,8356],{"class":58},[52,45241,63],{"class":62},[52,45243,8637],{"class":148},[52,45245,152],{"class":66},[52,45247,81],{"class":73},[52,45249,45250],{"class":77},"Enter your username: ",[52,45252,81],{"class":73},[52,45254,159],{"class":66},[52,45256,45257,45259,45261,45263],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45258,149],{"class":148},[52,45260,152],{"class":66},[52,45262,1645],{"class":155},[52,45264,159],{"class":66},[14,45266,45267],{},"Example without a prompt:",[42,45269,45271],{"className":44,"code":45270,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[49,45272,45273,45283],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45274,45275,45277,45279,45281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45276,2845],{"class":58},[52,45278,63],{"class":62},[52,45280,8637],{"class":148},[52,45282,650],{"class":66},[52,45284,45285,45287,45289,45291],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45286,149],{"class":148},[52,45288,152],{"class":66},[52,45290,263],{"class":155},[52,45292,159],{"class":66},[14,45294,8158,45295,45297],{},[49,45296,3355],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45069,45299],{},[37,45301,4073,45303,12063],{"id":45302},"what-input-returns",[49,45304,3355],{},[14,45306,45307,8620],{},[49,45308,3355],{},[14,45310,45311],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45313,511],{},[42,45315,45317],{"className":44,"code":45316,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[49,45318,45319,45338,45348],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45320,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331,45334,45336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45322,21766],{"class":58},[52,45324,63],{"class":62},[52,45326,8637],{"class":148},[52,45328,152],{"class":66},[52,45330,81],{"class":73},[52,45332,45333],{"class":77},"Enter your age: ",[52,45335,81],{"class":73},[52,45337,159],{"class":66},[52,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45341,149],{"class":148},[52,45343,152],{"class":66},[52,45345,103],{"class":155},[52,45347,159],{"class":66},[52,45349,45350,45352,45354,45356,45358,45360],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45351,149],{"class":148},[52,45353,152],{"class":66},[52,45355,734],{"class":646},[52,45357,152],{"class":66},[52,45359,103],{"class":155},[52,45361,742],{"class":66},[14,45363,30171],{},[42,45365,45367],{"className":44,"code":45366,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,45368,45369,45379,45383],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45370,45371,45374,45376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45372,45373],{"class":58},"Enter your age",[52,45375,84],{"class":66},[52,45377,45378],{"class":110}," 25\n",[52,45380,45381],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45382,3108],{"class":110},[52,45384,45385,45387,45389,45391,45393,45395],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45386,771],{"class":62},[52,45388,775],{"class":774},[52,45390,186],{"class":73},[52,45392,3836],{"class":77},[52,45394,177],{"class":73},[52,45396,785],{"class":62},[14,45398,45399,45400,45402],{},"Even though the user typed ",[49,45401,987],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45404,45405,45406,30,45410,35],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[26,45407,45408],{"href":3273},[49,45409,3276],{},[26,45411,45412],{"href":3279},[49,45413,3282],{},[14,45415,511],{},[42,45417,45419],{"className":44,"code":45418,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[49,45420,45421,45444,45454],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45422,45423,45425,45427,45430,45432,45434,45436,45438,45440,45442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45424,21766],{"class":58},[52,45426,63],{"class":62},[52,45428,45429],{"class":646}," int",[52,45431,152],{"class":66},[52,45433,42614],{"class":148},[52,45435,152],{"class":66},[52,45437,81],{"class":73},[52,45439,45333],{"class":77},[52,45441,81],{"class":73},[52,45443,742],{"class":66},[52,45445,45446,45448,45450,45452],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45447,149],{"class":148},[52,45449,152],{"class":66},[52,45451,103],{"class":155},[52,45453,159],{"class":66},[52,45455,45456,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45457,149],{"class":148},[52,45459,152],{"class":66},[52,45461,734],{"class":646},[52,45463,152],{"class":66},[52,45465,103],{"class":155},[52,45467,742],{"class":66},[14,45469,30171],{},[42,45471,45473],{"className":44,"code":45472,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,45474,45475,45483,45487],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45476,45477,45479,45481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45478,45373],{"class":58},[52,45480,84],{"class":66},[52,45482,45378],{"class":110},[52,45484,45485],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45486,3108],{"class":110},[52,45488,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45490,771],{"class":62},[52,45492,775],{"class":774},[52,45494,186],{"class":73},[52,45496,2585],{"class":77},[52,45498,177],{"class":73},[52,45500,785],{"class":62},[45069,45502],{},[37,45504,45506],{"id":45505},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[487,45508,45510],{"id":45509},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[42,45512,45514],{"className":44,"code":45513,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[49,45515,45516,45535],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45517,45518,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45531,45533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45519,8271],{"class":58},[52,45521,63],{"class":62},[52,45523,8637],{"class":148},[52,45525,152],{"class":66},[52,45527,81],{"class":73},[52,45529,45530],{"class":77},"What is your name? ",[52,45532,81],{"class":73},[52,45534,159],{"class":66},[52,45536,45537,45539,45541,45543,45546,45548,45550,45552],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45538,149],{"class":148},[52,45540,152],{"class":66},[52,45542,81],{"class":73},[52,45544,45545],{"class":77},"Hello,",[52,45547,81],{"class":73},[52,45549,193],{"class":66},[52,45551,36138],{"class":155},[52,45553,159],{"class":66},[14,45555,45556,45557,45559],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[49,45558,78],{}," and prints it.",[487,45561,45563,45564],{"id":45562},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[49,45565,3276],{},[42,45567,45569],{"className":44,"code":45568,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[49,45570,45571,45594],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45572,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45587,45590,45592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45574,21766],{"class":58},[52,45576,63],{"class":62},[52,45578,45429],{"class":646},[52,45580,152],{"class":66},[52,45582,42614],{"class":148},[52,45584,152],{"class":66},[52,45586,81],{"class":73},[52,45588,45589],{"class":77},"How old are you? ",[52,45591,81],{"class":73},[52,45593,742],{"class":66},[52,45595,45596,45598,45600,45602,45605,45607,45609,45612,45614,45616],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45597,149],{"class":148},[52,45599,152],{"class":66},[52,45601,81],{"class":73},[52,45603,45604],{"class":77},"Next year you will be",[52,45606,81],{"class":73},[52,45608,193],{"class":66},[52,45610,45611],{"class":155}," age ",[52,45613,2454],{"class":62},[52,45615,5895],{"class":110},[52,45617,159],{"class":66},[14,45619,6459,45620,45622,45623,45625],{},[49,45621,3276],{}," converts the text from ",[49,45624,3355],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45627,45628,45629,35],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[26,45630,9377],{"href":9376},[487,45632,45634],{"id":45633},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[42,45636,45638],{"className":44,"code":45637,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[49,45639,45640,45664,45688,45702,45706],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45641,45642,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657,45660,45662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45643,45644],{"class":58},"num1 ",[52,45646,63],{"class":62},[52,45648,45429],{"class":646},[52,45650,152],{"class":66},[52,45652,42614],{"class":148},[52,45654,152],{"class":66},[52,45656,81],{"class":73},[52,45658,45659],{"class":77},"Enter the first number: ",[52,45661,81],{"class":73},[52,45663,742],{"class":66},[52,45665,45666,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45681,45684,45686],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45667,45668],{"class":58},"num2 ",[52,45670,63],{"class":62},[52,45672,45429],{"class":646},[52,45674,152],{"class":66},[52,45676,42614],{"class":148},[52,45678,152],{"class":66},[52,45680,81],{"class":73},[52,45682,45683],{"class":77},"Enter the second number: ",[52,45685,81],{"class":73},[52,45687,742],{"class":66},[52,45689,45690,45692,45694,45697,45699],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45691,41333],{"class":58},[52,45693,63],{"class":62},[52,45695,45696],{"class":58}," num1 ",[52,45698,2454],{"class":62},[52,45700,45701],{"class":58}," num2\n",[52,45703,45704],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,45705,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,45707,45708,45710,45712,45714,45717,45719,45721,45724],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,45709,149],{"class":148},[52,45711,152],{"class":66},[52,45713,81],{"class":73},[52,45715,45716],{"class":77},"Total:",[52,45718,81],{"class":73},[52,45720,193],{"class":66},[52,45722,45723],{"class":155}," total",[52,45725,159],{"class":66},[14,45727,30171],{},[42,45729,45731],{"className":44,"code":45730,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[49,45732,45733,45743,45752],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45734,45735,45738,45740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45736,45737],{"class":58},"Enter the first number",[52,45739,84],{"class":66},[52,45741,45742],{"class":110}," 2\n",[52,45744,45745,45748,45750],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45746,45747],{"class":58},"Enter the second number",[52,45749,84],{"class":66},[52,45751,2976],{"class":110},[52,45753,45754,45757,45759],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45755,45756],{"class":58},"Total",[52,45758,84],{"class":66},[52,45760,34987],{"class":110},[14,45762,45763],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45765,511],{},[42,45767,45769],{"className":44,"code":45768,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[49,45770,45771,45789,45807,45811],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45772,45773,45775,45777,45779,45781,45783,45785,45787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45774,45644],{"class":58},[52,45776,63],{"class":62},[52,45778,8637],{"class":148},[52,45780,152],{"class":66},[52,45782,81],{"class":73},[52,45784,45659],{"class":77},[52,45786,81],{"class":73},[52,45788,159],{"class":66},[52,45790,45791,45793,45795,45797,45799,45801,45803,45805],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45792,45668],{"class":58},[52,45794,63],{"class":62},[52,45796,8637],{"class":148},[52,45798,152],{"class":66},[52,45800,81],{"class":73},[52,45802,45683],{"class":77},[52,45804,81],{"class":73},[52,45806,159],{"class":66},[52,45808,45809],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45810,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,45812,45813,45815,45817,45819,45821,45824],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,45814,149],{"class":148},[52,45816,152],{"class":66},[52,45818,45644],{"class":155},[52,45820,2454],{"class":62},[52,45822,45823],{"class":155}," num2",[52,45825,159],{"class":66},[14,45827,30171],{},[42,45829,45831],{"className":44,"code":45830,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[49,45832,45833,45841,45849],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45834,45835,45837,45839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45836,45737],{"class":58},[52,45838,84],{"class":66},[52,45840,45742],{"class":110},[52,45842,45843,45845,45847],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45844,45747],{"class":58},[52,45846,84],{"class":66},[52,45848,2976],{"class":110},[52,45850,45851],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45852,45853],{"class":110},"23\n",[14,45855,45856,45857,45860,45861,35],{},"That happens because ",[49,45858,45859],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[49,45862,45863],{},"\"23\"",[45069,45865],{},[37,45867,45869],{"id":45868},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45871,45872,45873,35],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[49,45874,3355],{},[487,45876,5100,45878,41693],{"id":45877},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[49,45879,3355],{},[14,45881,39348],{},[42,45883,45885],{"className":44,"code":45884,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[49,45886,45887,45905],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45888,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897,45899,45901,45903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45890,2845],{"class":58},[52,45892,63],{"class":62},[52,45894,8637],{"class":148},[52,45896,152],{"class":66},[52,45898,81],{"class":73},[52,45900,42022],{"class":77},[52,45902,81],{"class":73},[52,45904,159],{"class":66},[52,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45908,149],{"class":148},[52,45910,152],{"class":66},[52,45912,734],{"class":646},[52,45914,152],{"class":66},[52,45916,263],{"class":155},[52,45918,742],{"class":66},[14,45920,164],{},[42,45922,45924],{"className":44,"code":45923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,45925,45926],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45927,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936,45938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45929,771],{"class":62},[52,45931,775],{"class":774},[52,45933,186],{"class":73},[52,45935,3836],{"class":77},[52,45937,177],{"class":73},[52,45939,785],{"class":62},[14,45941,45942],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[487,45944,45946],{"id":45945},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45948,45949],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[42,45951,45953],{"className":44,"code":45952,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[49,45954,45955,45973,45992],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,45956,45957,45959,45961,45963,45965,45967,45969,45971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45958,2953],{"class":58},[52,45960,63],{"class":62},[52,45962,8637],{"class":148},[52,45964,152],{"class":66},[52,45966,81],{"class":73},[52,45968,42022],{"class":77},[52,45970,81],{"class":73},[52,45972,159],{"class":66},[52,45974,45975,45977,45979,45981,45983,45985,45988,45990],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,45976,2981],{"class":58},[52,45978,63],{"class":62},[52,45980,8637],{"class":148},[52,45982,152],{"class":66},[52,45984,81],{"class":73},[52,45986,45987],{"class":77},"Enter another number: ",[52,45989,81],{"class":73},[52,45991,159],{"class":66},[52,45993,45994,45996,45998,46000,46002,46004],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,45995,149],{"class":148},[52,45997,152],{"class":66},[52,45999,2953],{"class":155},[52,46001,2454],{"class":62},[52,46003,2958],{"class":155},[52,46005,159],{"class":66},[14,46007,41271,46008,2262,46010,46012,46013,19100,46016,35],{},[49,46009,2903],{},[49,46011,2531],{},", the result is ",[49,46014,46015],{},"45",[49,46017,2539],{},[487,46019,46021,46022,46024,46025],{"id":46020},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[49,46023,40854],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[49,46026,3276],{},[14,46028,511],{},[42,46030,46032],{"className":44,"code":46031,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[49,46033,46034],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46035,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46037,21766],{"class":58},[52,46039,63],{"class":62},[52,46041,45429],{"class":646},[52,46043,152],{"class":66},[52,46045,42614],{"class":148},[52,46047,152],{"class":66},[52,46049,81],{"class":73},[52,46051,45333],{"class":77},[52,46053,81],{"class":73},[52,46055,742],{"class":66},[14,46057,8666,46058,46061,46062,35],{},[49,46059,46060],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[49,46063,40854],{},[14,46065,46066,46067,35],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[26,46068,46070],{"href":46069},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[487,46072,46074],{"id":46073},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46076,46077],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[42,46079,46081],{"className":44,"code":46080,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[49,46082,46083,46101],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46084,46085,46087,46089,46091,46093,46095,46097,46099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46086,8271],{"class":58},[52,46088,63],{"class":62},[52,46090,8637],{"class":148},[52,46092,152],{"class":66},[52,46094,81],{"class":73},[52,46096,45039],{"class":77},[52,46098,81],{"class":73},[52,46100,159],{"class":66},[52,46102,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111,46113],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46104,149],{"class":148},[52,46106,152],{"class":66},[52,46108,41930],{"class":148},[52,46110,152],{"class":66},[52,46112,78],{"class":155},[52,46114,742],{"class":66},[14,46116,46117],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46119,46120,46121,84],{},"You can remove them with ",[49,46122,46123],{},".strip()",[42,46125,46127],{"className":44,"code":46126,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[49,46128,46129,46151],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46130,46131,46133,46135,46137,46139,46141,46143,46145,46147,46149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46132,8271],{"class":58},[52,46134,63],{"class":62},[52,46136,8637],{"class":148},[52,46138,152],{"class":66},[52,46140,81],{"class":73},[52,46142,45039],{"class":77},[52,46144,81],{"class":73},[52,46146,9028],{"class":66},[52,46148,9031],{"class":155},[52,46150,650],{"class":66},[52,46152,46153,46155,46157,46159],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46154,149],{"class":148},[52,46156,152],{"class":66},[52,46158,78],{"class":155},[52,46160,159],{"class":66},[45069,46162],{},[37,46164,46166],{"id":46165},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46168,46169,46170,46172],{},"These habits make ",[49,46171,3355],{}," easier and safer to use.",[227,46174,46175,46178,46183,46186],{},[230,46176,46177],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[230,46179,340,46180,46182],{},[49,46181,46123],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[230,46184,46185],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[230,46187,340,46188,46190],{},[49,46189,29923],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46192,46193,46194,84],{},"Example with ",[49,46195,46123],{},[42,46197,46199],{"className":44,"code":46198,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[49,46200,46201,46225],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46202,46203,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214,46217,46219,46221,46223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46204,46205],{"class":58},"city ",[52,46207,63],{"class":62},[52,46209,8637],{"class":148},[52,46211,152],{"class":66},[52,46213,81],{"class":73},[52,46215,46216],{"class":77},"Enter your city: ",[52,46218,81],{"class":73},[52,46220,9028],{"class":66},[52,46222,9031],{"class":155},[52,46224,650],{"class":66},[52,46226,46227,46229,46231,46233,46236,46238,46240,46242],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46228,149],{"class":148},[52,46230,152],{"class":66},[52,46232,81],{"class":73},[52,46234,46235],{"class":77},"City:",[52,46237,81],{"class":73},[52,46239,193],{"class":66},[52,46241,31527],{"class":155},[52,46243,159],{"class":66},[14,46245,46193,46246,84],{},[49,46247,29923],{},[42,46249,46251],{"className":44,"code":46250,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[49,46252,46253,46259,46282,46314,46322],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46254,46255,46257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46256,29945],{"class":4272},[52,46258,6792],{"class":66},[52,46260,46261,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46262,46263],{"class":58},"    age ",[52,46265,63],{"class":62},[52,46267,45429],{"class":646},[52,46269,152],{"class":66},[52,46271,42614],{"class":148},[52,46273,152],{"class":66},[52,46275,81],{"class":73},[52,46277,45333],{"class":77},[52,46279,81],{"class":73},[52,46281,742],{"class":66},[52,46283,46284,46286,46288,46290,46293,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46310,46312],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46285,8463],{"class":148},[52,46287,152],{"class":66},[52,46289,81],{"class":73},[52,46291,46292],{"class":77},"You will be",[52,46294,81],{"class":73},[52,46296,193],{"class":66},[52,46298,45611],{"class":155},[52,46300,2454],{"class":62},[52,46302,5895],{"class":110},[52,46304,193],{"class":66},[52,46306,87],{"class":73},[52,46308,46309],{"class":77},"next year",[52,46311,81],{"class":73},[52,46313,159],{"class":66},[52,46315,46316,46318,46320],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,46317,29976],{"class":4272},[52,46319,42077],{"class":646},[52,46321,6792],{"class":66},[52,46323,46324,46326,46328,46330,46333,46335],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,46325,8463],{"class":148},[52,46327,152],{"class":66},[52,46329,81],{"class":73},[52,46331,46332],{"class":77},"Please enter a whole number.",[52,46334,81],{"class":73},[52,46336,159],{"class":66},[14,46338,46339],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46341,46342,46343,35],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[26,46344,46346],{"href":46345},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45069,46348],{},[37,46350,1743],{"id":1742},[14,46352,46353,46354,84],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[49,46355,3355],{},[227,46357,46358,46365,46368,46371],{},[230,46359,46360,46361,30,46363],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[49,46362,3276],{},[49,46364,3282],{},[230,46366,46367],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[230,46369,46370],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[230,46372,46373],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46375,32225],{},[42,46377,46379],{"className":44,"code":46378,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[49,46380,46381,46391,46405],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46382,46383,46385,46387,46389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46384,149],{"class":148},[52,46386,152],{"class":66},[52,46388,263],{"class":155},[52,46390,159],{"class":66},[52,46392,46393,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46394,149],{"class":148},[52,46396,152],{"class":66},[52,46398,734],{"class":646},[52,46400,152],{"class":66},[52,46402,263],{"class":155},[52,46404,742],{"class":66},[52,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413,46415,46417],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46408,149],{"class":148},[52,46410,152],{"class":66},[52,46412,41930],{"class":148},[52,46414,152],{"class":66},[52,46416,263],{"class":155},[52,46418,742],{"class":66},[14,46420,46421,46422,46424],{},"These help you inspect what ",[49,46423,3355],{}," actually returned:",[227,46426,46427,46432,46437],{},[230,46428,46429,46431],{},[49,46430,41978],{}," shows the value",[230,46433,46434,46436],{},[49,46435,41984],{}," shows the data type",[230,46438,46439,46441],{},[49,46440,41989],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46443,511],{},[42,46445,46447],{"className":44,"code":46446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[49,46448,46449,46468,46478,46492],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46450,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46461,46464,46466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46452,2845],{"class":58},[52,46454,63],{"class":62},[52,46456,8637],{"class":148},[52,46458,152],{"class":66},[52,46460,81],{"class":73},[52,46462,46463],{"class":77},"Enter something: ",[52,46465,81],{"class":73},[52,46467,159],{"class":66},[52,46469,46470,46472,46474,46476],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46471,149],{"class":148},[52,46473,152],{"class":66},[52,46475,263],{"class":155},[52,46477,159],{"class":66},[52,46479,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46481,149],{"class":148},[52,46483,152],{"class":66},[52,46485,734],{"class":646},[52,46487,152],{"class":66},[52,46489,263],{"class":155},[52,46491,742],{"class":66},[52,46493,46494,46496,46498,46500,46502,46504],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,46495,149],{"class":148},[52,46497,152],{"class":66},[52,46499,41930],{"class":148},[52,46501,152],{"class":66},[52,46503,263],{"class":155},[52,46505,742],{"class":66},[45069,46507],{},[37,46509,2220],{"id":2219},[487,46511,13061,46513,46515],{"id":46512},"does-input-return-an-integer",[49,46514,3355],{}," return an integer?",[14,46517,46518,46519,46521,46522,40079],{},"No. ",[49,46520,3355],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[49,46523,3276],{},[487,46525,46527,46528,2265],{"id":46526},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[49,46529,3355],{},[14,46531,46532,46533,46535],{},"No. You can call ",[49,46534,3355],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[487,46537,5555,46539,46542,46543,2265],{"id":46538},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[49,46540,46541],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[49,46544,3355],{},[14,46546,29202,46547,46549,46550,42306,46552,46554],{},[49,46548,3355],{}," returns strings. ",[49,46551,45859],{},[49,46553,45863],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[487,46556,46558],{"id":46557},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46560,340,46561,46563,46564,35],{},[49,46562,46123],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[49,46565,46566],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45069,46568],{},[37,46570,2277],{"id":2276},[227,46572,46573,46578,46582,46588,46594,46598],{},[230,46574,46575],{},[26,46576,46577],{"href":46345},"How to get user input in Python",[230,46579,46580],{},[26,46581,9454],{"href":9376},[230,46583,46584],{},[26,46585,3969,46586,3902],{"href":3273},[49,46587,3276],{},[230,46589,46590],{},[26,46591,3969,46592,3902],{"href":3279},[49,46593,3282],{},[230,46595,46596],{},[26,46597,46070],{"href":46069},[230,46599,46600],{},[26,46601,3969,46603,3902],{"href":46602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[49,46604,46605],{},"print()",[2315,46607,46608],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":46610},[46611,46612,46614,46615,46617,46623,46631,46632,46633,46642],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":45073,"depth":70,"text":46613},"What input() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":45302,"depth":70,"text":46616},"What input() returns",{"id":45505,"depth":70,"text":45506,"children":46618},[46619,46620,46622],{"id":45509,"depth":98,"text":45510},{"id":45562,"depth":98,"text":46621},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45633,"depth":98,"text":45634},{"id":45868,"depth":70,"text":45869,"children":46624},[46625,46627,46628,46630],{"id":45877,"depth":98,"text":46626},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45945,"depth":98,"text":45946},{"id":46020,"depth":98,"text":46629},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46073,"depth":98,"text":46074},{"id":46165,"depth":70,"text":46166},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":46634},[46635,46637,46639,46641],{"id":46512,"depth":98,"text":46636},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46526,"depth":98,"text":46638},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46538,"depth":98,"text":46640},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46557,"depth":98,"text":46558},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42345,"description":46643},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46650,"title":42247,"body":46651,"description":48964,"extension":2357,"meta":48965,"navigation":141,"path":48966,"seo":48967,"stem":48968,"__hash__":48969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46652,"toc":48916},[46653,46658,46663,46668,46689,46692,46694,46754,46756,46775,46780,46785,46790,46792,46805,46807,46890,46892,46933,46939,46941,46971,46977,46980,46997,46999,47051,47053,47071,47077,47083,47086,47104,47106,47179,47181,47200,47207,47213,47218,47221,47281,47283,47302,47305,47308,47323,47329,47333,47394,47396,47417,47421,47550,47552,47682,47692,47698,47704,47712,47778,47780,47805,47808,47825,47838,47844,47847,47880,47882,47895,47898,47941,47943,47951,47958,47962,47969,47973,48000,48002,48010,48016,48033,48038,48042,48069,48071,48079,48083,48088,48091,48117,48120,48129,48137,48141,48151,48155,48158,48160,48211,48213,48243,48253,48280,48282,48290,48300,48304,48307,48309,48357,48359,48403,48409,48460,48462,48481,48486,48491,48494,48513,48516,48568,48570,48579,48581,48585,48589,48592,48601,48608,48610,48637,48641,48643,48652,48655,48662,48668,48728,48732,48734,48742,48745,48771,48777,48780,48800,48802,48811,48819,48821,48827,48832,48839,48849,48855,48863,48867,48870,48872,48913],[10,46654,3969,46656,3973],{"id":46655},"python-int-function-explained",[49,46657,3276],{},[14,46659,32460,46660,46662],{},[49,46661,3276],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46664,35551,46665,46667],{},[49,46666,3276],{}," when they want to:",[227,46669,46670,46680,46683,46686],{},[230,46671,46672,46673,46676,46677],{},"turn text like ",[49,46674,46675],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[49,46678,46679],{},"42",[230,46681,46682],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[230,46684,46685],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[230,46687,46688],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46690,46691],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[37,46693,40],{"id":39},[42,46695,46697],{"className":44,"code":46696,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[49,46698,46699,46717,46731],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46700,46701,46703,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713,46715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46702,149],{"class":148},[52,46704,152],{"class":66},[52,46706,2585],{"class":646},[52,46708,152],{"class":66},[52,46710,81],{"class":73},[52,46712,46679],{"class":77},[52,46714,81],{"class":73},[52,46716,742],{"class":66},[52,46718,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46720,149],{"class":148},[52,46722,152],{"class":66},[52,46724,2585],{"class":646},[52,46726,152],{"class":66},[52,46728,42135],{"class":110},[52,46730,742],{"class":66},[52,46732,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743,46746,46748,46750,46752],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46734,149],{"class":148},[52,46736,152],{"class":66},[52,46738,2585],{"class":646},[52,46740,152],{"class":66},[52,46742,81],{"class":73},[52,46744,46745],{"class":77},"101",[52,46747,81],{"class":73},[52,46749,193],{"class":66},[52,46751,1570],{"class":110},[52,46753,742],{"class":66},[14,46755,164],{},[42,46757,46759],{"className":44,"code":46758,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"42\n3\n5\n",[49,46760,46761,46766,46771],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46762,46763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46764,46765],{"class":110},"42\n",[52,46767,46768],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46769,46770],{"class":110},"3\n",[52,46772,46773],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46774,3344],{"class":110},[14,46776,340,46777,46779],{},[49,46778,3276],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[37,46781,4073,46783,4076],{"id":46782},"what-int-does",[49,46784,3276],{},[14,46786,46787,46789],{},[49,46788,3276],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46791,13407],{},[227,46793,46794,46799,46802],{},[230,46795,46796,46797,7736],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[49,46798,2585],{},[230,46800,46801],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[230,46803,46804],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46806,511],{},[42,46808,46810],{"className":44,"code":46809,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[49,46811,46812,46824,46838,46842,46852,46862,46876],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46813,46814,46816,46818,46820,46822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46815,34832],{"class":58},[52,46817,63],{"class":62},[52,46819,87],{"class":73},[52,46821,987],{"class":77},[52,46823,297],{"class":73},[52,46825,46826,46828,46830,46832,46834,46836],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46827,2613],{"class":58},[52,46829,63],{"class":62},[52,46831,45429],{"class":646},[52,46833,152],{"class":66},[52,46835,34853],{"class":155},[52,46837,159],{"class":66},[52,46839,46840],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46841,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,46843,46844,46846,46848,46850],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,46845,149],{"class":148},[52,46847,152],{"class":66},[52,46849,34853],{"class":155},[52,46851,159],{"class":66},[52,46853,46854,46856,46858,46860],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,46855,149],{"class":148},[52,46857,152],{"class":66},[52,46859,2636],{"class":155},[52,46861,159],{"class":66},[52,46863,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,46865,149],{"class":148},[52,46867,152],{"class":66},[52,46869,734],{"class":646},[52,46871,152],{"class":66},[52,46873,34853],{"class":155},[52,46875,742],{"class":66},[52,46877,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,46879,149],{"class":148},[52,46881,152],{"class":66},[52,46883,734],{"class":646},[52,46885,152],{"class":66},[52,46887,2636],{"class":155},[52,46889,742],{"class":66},[14,46891,164],{},[42,46893,46895],{"className":44,"code":46894,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,46896,46897,46901,46905,46919],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46898,46899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46900,3108],{"class":110},[52,46902,46903],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46904,3108],{"class":110},[52,46906,46907,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,46908,771],{"class":62},[52,46910,775],{"class":774},[52,46912,186],{"class":73},[52,46914,3836],{"class":77},[52,46916,177],{"class":73},[52,46918,785],{"class":62},[52,46920,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,46922,771],{"class":62},[52,46924,775],{"class":774},[52,46926,186],{"class":73},[52,46928,2585],{"class":77},[52,46930,177],{"class":73},[52,46932,785],{"class":62},[14,46934,46935,46936,46938],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[49,46937,3276],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[37,46940,2553],{"id":2552},[42,46942,46944],{"className":44,"code":46943,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[49,46945,46946,46956],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,46947,46948,46950,46952,46954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46949,2585],{"class":646},[52,46951,152],{"class":66},[52,46953,2570],{"class":155},[52,46955,159],{"class":66},[52,46957,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966,46969],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,46959,2585],{"class":646},[52,46961,152],{"class":66},[52,46963,2570],{"class":155},[52,46965,193],{"class":66},[52,46967,46968],{"class":155}," base",[52,46970,159],{"class":66},[487,46972,46974],{"id":46973},"intx",[49,46975,46976],{},"int(x)",[14,46978,46979],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[227,46981,46982,46987,46992],{},[230,46983,46984,46985],{},"a string such as ",[49,46986,42277],{},[230,46988,46989,46990],{},"a float such as ",[49,46991,42135],{},[230,46993,46994,46995],{},"a boolean such as ",[49,46996,862],{},[14,46998,511],{},[42,47000,47002],{"className":44,"code":47001,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[49,47003,47004,47022,47037],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47005,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47016,47018,47020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47007,149],{"class":148},[52,47009,152],{"class":66},[52,47011,2585],{"class":646},[52,47013,152],{"class":66},[52,47015,81],{"class":73},[52,47017,2728],{"class":77},[52,47019,81],{"class":73},[52,47021,742],{"class":66},[52,47023,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032,47035],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47025,149],{"class":148},[52,47027,152],{"class":66},[52,47029,2585],{"class":646},[52,47031,152],{"class":66},[52,47033,47034],{"class":110},"8.7",[52,47036,742],{"class":66},[52,47038,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047,47049],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47040,149],{"class":148},[52,47042,152],{"class":66},[52,47044,2585],{"class":646},[52,47046,152],{"class":66},[52,47048,862],{"class":128},[52,47050,742],{"class":66},[14,47052,164],{},[42,47054,47056],{"className":44,"code":47055,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10\n8\n1\n",[49,47057,47058,47062,47066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47059,47060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47061,2774],{"class":110},[52,47063,47064],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47065,2779],{"class":110},[52,47067,47068],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47069,47070],{"class":110},"1\n",[487,47072,47074],{"id":47073},"intx-base",[49,47075,47076],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47078,47079,47080,47082],{},"Use this form when ",[49,47081,2570],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47084,47085],{},"Common bases:",[227,47087,47088,47093,47098],{},[230,47089,47090,47092],{},[49,47091,2451],{}," for binary",[230,47094,47095,47097],{},[49,47096,2743],{}," for octal",[230,47099,47100,47103],{},[49,47101,47102],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47105,511],{},[42,47107,47109],{"className":44,"code":47108,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[49,47110,47111,47133,47156],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47112,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127,47129,47131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47114,149],{"class":148},[52,47116,152],{"class":66},[52,47118,2585],{"class":646},[52,47120,152],{"class":66},[52,47122,81],{"class":73},[52,47124,46745],{"class":77},[52,47126,81],{"class":73},[52,47128,193],{"class":66},[52,47130,1570],{"class":110},[52,47132,742],{"class":66},[52,47134,47135,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47148,47150,47152,47154],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47136,149],{"class":148},[52,47138,152],{"class":66},[52,47140,2585],{"class":646},[52,47142,152],{"class":66},[52,47144,81],{"class":73},[52,47146,47147],{"class":77},"17",[52,47149,81],{"class":73},[52,47151,193],{"class":66},[52,47153,6758],{"class":110},[52,47155,742],{"class":66},[52,47157,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47171,47173,47175,47177],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47159,149],{"class":148},[52,47161,152],{"class":66},[52,47163,2585],{"class":646},[52,47165,152],{"class":66},[52,47167,81],{"class":73},[52,47169,47170],{"class":77},"1A",[52,47172,81],{"class":73},[52,47174,193],{"class":66},[52,47176,14342],{"class":110},[52,47178,742],{"class":66},[14,47180,164],{},[42,47182,47184],{"className":44,"code":47183,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5\n15\n26\n",[49,47185,47186,47190,47195],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47187,47188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47189,3344],{"class":110},[52,47191,47192],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47193,47194],{"class":110},"15\n",[52,47196,47197],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47198,47199],{"class":110},"26\n",[14,47201,47202,47203,35],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[26,47204,47205,2700],{"href":3279},[49,47206,3282],{},[37,47208,8813,47210,47212],{"id":47209},"using-int-with-strings",[49,47211,3276],{}," with strings",[14,47214,47215,47217],{},[49,47216,3276],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47219,47220],{},"Examples that work:",[42,47222,47224],{"className":44,"code":47223,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[49,47225,47226,47244,47262],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47227,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47229,149],{"class":148},[52,47231,152],{"class":66},[52,47233,2585],{"class":646},[52,47235,152],{"class":66},[52,47237,81],{"class":73},[52,47239,2531],{"class":77},[52,47241,81],{"class":73},[52,47243,742],{"class":66},[52,47245,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47247,149],{"class":148},[52,47249,152],{"class":66},[52,47251,2585],{"class":646},[52,47253,152],{"class":66},[52,47255,81],{"class":73},[52,47257,2689],{"class":77},[52,47259,81],{"class":73},[52,47261,742],{"class":66},[52,47263,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47277,47279],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47265,149],{"class":148},[52,47267,152],{"class":66},[52,47269,2585],{"class":646},[52,47271,152],{"class":66},[52,47273,81],{"class":73},[52,47275,47276],{"class":77},"  42  ",[52,47278,81],{"class":73},[52,47280,742],{"class":66},[14,47282,164],{},[42,47284,47286],{"className":44,"code":47285,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5\n-12\n42\n",[49,47287,47288,47292,47298],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47289,47290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47291,3344],{"class":110},[52,47293,47294,47296],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47295,2416],{"class":62},[52,47297,2621],{"class":110},[52,47299,47300],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47301,46765],{"class":110},[14,47303,47304],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47306,47307],{},"Examples that fail:",[42,47309,47311],{"className":44,"code":47310,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[49,47312,47313,47318],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47314,47315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47316,47317],{"class":1017},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[52,47319,47320],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47321,47322],{"class":1017},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47324,47325,47326,47328],{},"These raise ",[49,47327,40854],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[487,47330,47332],{"id":47331},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[42,47334,47336],{"className":44,"code":47335,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[49,47337,47338,47356,47375],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47339,47340,47342,47344,47346,47348,47350,47352,47354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47341,149],{"class":148},[52,47343,152],{"class":66},[52,47345,2585],{"class":646},[52,47347,152],{"class":66},[52,47349,81],{"class":73},[52,47351,2514],{"class":77},[52,47353,81],{"class":73},[52,47355,742],{"class":66},[52,47357,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368,47371,47373],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47359,149],{"class":148},[52,47361,152],{"class":66},[52,47363,2585],{"class":646},[52,47365,152],{"class":66},[52,47367,81],{"class":73},[52,47369,47370],{"class":77},"+7",[52,47372,81],{"class":73},[52,47374,742],{"class":66},[52,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47390,47392],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47378,149],{"class":148},[52,47380,152],{"class":66},[52,47382,2585],{"class":646},[52,47384,152],{"class":66},[52,47386,81],{"class":73},[52,47388,47389],{"class":77},"-100",[52,47391,81],{"class":73},[52,47393,742],{"class":66},[14,47395,164],{},[42,47397,47399],{"className":44,"code":47398,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0\n7\n-100\n",[49,47400,47401,47406,47410],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47402,47403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47404,47405],{"class":110},"0\n",[52,47407,47408],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47409,2474],{"class":110},[52,47411,47412,47414],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47413,2416],{"class":62},[52,47415,47416],{"class":110},"100\n",[487,47418,47420],{"id":47419},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[42,47422,47424],{"className":44,"code":47423,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[49,47425,47426,47464,47468,47480,47487,47502,47517],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47460,47462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47429,4218],{"class":58},[52,47431,63],{"class":62},[52,47433,4017],{"class":66},[52,47435,81],{"class":73},[52,47437,40293],{"class":77},[52,47439,81],{"class":73},[52,47441,193],{"class":66},[52,47443,87],{"class":73},[52,47445,47446],{"class":77},"12abc",[52,47448,81],{"class":73},[52,47450,193],{"class":66},[52,47452,6525],{"class":73},[52,47454,193],{"class":66},[52,47456,87],{"class":73},[52,47458,47459],{"class":77},"seven",[52,47461,81],{"class":73},[52,47463,4030],{"class":66},[52,47465,47466],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47467,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,47469,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47471,6356],{"class":4272},[52,47473,21722],{"class":58},[52,47475,4279],{"class":4272},[52,47477,4282],{"class":58},[52,47479,6792],{"class":66},[52,47481,47482,47485],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,47483,47484],{"class":4272},"    try",[52,47486,6792],{"class":66},[52,47488,47489,47492,47494,47496,47498,47500],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,47490,47491],{"class":148},"        print",[52,47493,152],{"class":66},[52,47495,2585],{"class":646},[52,47497,152],{"class":66},[52,47499,263],{"class":155},[52,47501,742],{"class":66},[52,47503,47504,47507,47509,47512,47515],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,47505,47506],{"class":4272},"    except",[52,47508,42077],{"class":646},[52,47510,47511],{"class":4272}," as",[52,47513,47514],{"class":58}," error",[52,47516,6792],{"class":66},[52,47518,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47534,47536,47539,47541,47544,47546,47548],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,47520,47491],{"class":148},[52,47522,152],{"class":66},[52,47524,22432],{"class":774},[52,47526,81],{"class":77},[52,47528,174],{"class":110},[52,47530,263],{"class":155},[52,47532,47533],{"class":774},"!r",[52,47535,22441],{"class":110},[52,47537,47538],{"class":77}," -> ",[52,47540,174],{"class":110},[52,47542,47543],{"class":155},"error",[52,47545,22441],{"class":110},[52,47547,81],{"class":77},[52,47549,159],{"class":66},[14,47551,164],{},[42,47553,47555],{"className":44,"code":47554,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[49,47556,47557,47593,47625,47650],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47558,47559,47561,47563,47565,47568,47571,47573,47575,47577,47580,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47560,177],{"class":43480},[52,47562,40293],{"class":43484},[52,47564,177],{"class":43480},[52,47566,47567],{"class":37515}," ->",[52,47569,47570],{"class":58}," invalid literal ",[52,47572,6356],{"class":4272},[52,47574,45429],{"class":646},[52,47576,7762],{"class":66},[52,47578,47579],{"class":4272}," with",[52,47581,47582],{"class":58}," base ",[52,47584,2728],{"class":110},[52,47586,84],{"class":66},[52,47588,186],{"class":73},[52,47590,40293],{"class":77},[52,47592,29841],{"class":73},[52,47594,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47596,177],{"class":73},[52,47598,47446],{"class":77},[52,47600,177],{"class":73},[52,47602,47567],{"class":37515},[52,47604,47570],{"class":58},[52,47606,6356],{"class":4272},[52,47608,45429],{"class":646},[52,47610,7762],{"class":66},[52,47612,47579],{"class":4272},[52,47614,47582],{"class":58},[52,47616,2728],{"class":110},[52,47618,84],{"class":66},[52,47620,186],{"class":73},[52,47622,47446],{"class":77},[52,47624,29841],{"class":73},[52,47626,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643,47645,47647],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47628,4170],{"class":73},[52,47630,47567],{"class":37515},[52,47632,47570],{"class":58},[52,47634,6356],{"class":4272},[52,47636,45429],{"class":646},[52,47638,7762],{"class":66},[52,47640,47579],{"class":4272},[52,47642,47582],{"class":58},[52,47644,2728],{"class":110},[52,47646,84],{"class":66},[52,47648,47649],{"class":73}," ''\n",[52,47651,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,47653,177],{"class":73},[52,47655,47459],{"class":77},[52,47657,177],{"class":73},[52,47659,47567],{"class":37515},[52,47661,47570],{"class":58},[52,47663,6356],{"class":4272},[52,47665,45429],{"class":646},[52,47667,7762],{"class":66},[52,47669,47579],{"class":4272},[52,47671,47582],{"class":58},[52,47673,2728],{"class":110},[52,47675,84],{"class":66},[52,47677,186],{"class":73},[52,47679,47459],{"class":77},[52,47681,29841],{"class":73},[14,47683,47684,47685,47687,47688,35],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[26,47686,9377],{"href":9376}," and the ",[26,47689,47690,2700],{"href":8614},[49,47691,3355],{},[37,47693,8813,47695,47697],{"id":47694},"using-int-with-floats",[49,47696,3276],{}," with floats",[14,47699,47700,47701,47703],{},"When you pass a float to ",[49,47702,3276],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47705,47706,47707,14408,47709,47711],{},"Important: ",[49,47708,3276],{},[18,47710,1006],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[42,47713,47715],{"className":44,"code":47714,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[49,47716,47717,47731,47746,47762],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47718,47719,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47720,149],{"class":148},[52,47722,152],{"class":66},[52,47724,2585],{"class":646},[52,47726,152],{"class":66},[52,47728,42135],{"class":110},[52,47730,742],{"class":66},[52,47732,47733,47735,47737,47739,47741,47744],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47734,149],{"class":148},[52,47736,152],{"class":66},[52,47738,2585],{"class":646},[52,47740,152],{"class":66},[52,47742,47743],{"class":110},"3.1",[52,47745,742],{"class":66},[52,47747,47748,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47749,149],{"class":148},[52,47751,152],{"class":66},[52,47753,2585],{"class":646},[52,47755,152],{"class":66},[52,47757,2416],{"class":62},[52,47759,42135],{"class":110},[52,47761,742],{"class":66},[52,47763,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,47765,149],{"class":148},[52,47767,152],{"class":66},[52,47769,2585],{"class":646},[52,47771,152],{"class":66},[52,47773,2416],{"class":62},[52,47775,47743],{"class":110},[52,47777,742],{"class":66},[14,47779,164],{},[42,47781,47783],{"className":44,"code":47782,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[49,47784,47785,47789,47793,47799],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47786,47787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47788,46770],{"class":110},[52,47790,47791],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47792,46770],{"class":110},[52,47794,47795,47797],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47796,2416],{"class":62},[52,47798,46770],{"class":110},[52,47800,47801,47803],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,47802,2416],{"class":62},[52,47804,46770],{"class":110},[14,47806,47807],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[227,47809,47810,47817],{},[230,47811,47812,42306,47815],{},[49,47813,47814],{},"int(3.9)",[49,47816,2457],{},[230,47818,47819,42306,47822],{},[49,47820,47821],{},"int(-3.9)",[49,47823,47824],{},"-3",[14,47826,47827,47828,47832,47833,35],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[26,47829,47830],{"href":3279},[49,47831,3282],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[26,47834,47835],{"href":42326},[49,47836,47837],{},"str()",[37,47839,8813,47841,47843],{"id":47840},"using-int-with-booleans",[49,47842,3276],{}," with booleans",[14,47845,47846],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[42,47848,47850],{"className":44,"code":47849,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[49,47851,47852,47866],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47853,47854,47856,47858,47860,47862,47864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47855,149],{"class":148},[52,47857,152],{"class":66},[52,47859,2585],{"class":646},[52,47861,152],{"class":66},[52,47863,862],{"class":128},[52,47865,742],{"class":66},[52,47867,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47869,149],{"class":148},[52,47871,152],{"class":66},[52,47873,2585],{"class":646},[52,47875,152],{"class":66},[52,47877,4069],{"class":128},[52,47879,742],{"class":66},[14,47881,164],{},[42,47883,47885],{"className":44,"code":47884,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1\n0\n",[49,47886,47887,47891],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47888,47889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47890,47070],{"class":110},[52,47892,47893],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47894,47405],{"class":110},[14,47896,47897],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[42,47899,47901],{"className":44,"code":47900,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[49,47902,47903,47912,47927,47931],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47904,47905,47908,47910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47906,47907],{"class":58},"passed ",[52,47909,63],{"class":62},[52,47911,129],{"class":128},[52,47913,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922,47925],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,47915,41333],{"class":58},[52,47917,63],{"class":62},[52,47919,45429],{"class":646},[52,47921,152],{"class":66},[52,47923,47924],{"class":155},"passed",[52,47926,159],{"class":66},[52,47928,47929],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,47930,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,47932,47933,47935,47937,47939],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,47934,149],{"class":148},[52,47936,152],{"class":66},[52,47938,41362],{"class":155},[52,47940,159],{"class":66},[14,47942,164],{},[42,47944,47945],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,47946,47947],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47948,47949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47950,47070],{"class":110},[14,47952,47953,47954,35],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[26,47955,47956,2700],{"href":6178},[49,47957,4208],{},[37,47959,47961],{"id":47960},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47963,47964,47965,47968],{},"Use the ",[49,47966,47967],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[487,47970,47972],{"id":47971},"binary-example","Binary example",[42,47974,47976],{"className":44,"code":47975,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[49,47977,47978],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,47979,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47981,149],{"class":148},[52,47983,152],{"class":66},[52,47985,2585],{"class":646},[52,47987,152],{"class":66},[52,47989,81],{"class":73},[52,47991,46745],{"class":77},[52,47993,81],{"class":73},[52,47995,193],{"class":66},[52,47997,1570],{"class":110},[52,47999,742],{"class":66},[14,48001,164],{},[42,48003,48004],{"className":44,"code":3344,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,48005,48006],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48007,48008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48009,3344],{"class":110},[14,48011,48012,48015],{},[49,48013,48014],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[227,48017,48018,48023,48028],{},[230,48019,48020],{},[49,48021,48022],{},"1 × 4",[230,48024,48025],{},[49,48026,48027],{},"0 × 2",[230,48029,48030],{},[49,48031,48032],{},"1 × 1",[14,48034,48035,48036,35],{},"So the result is ",[49,48037,2531],{},[487,48039,48041],{"id":48040},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[42,48043,48045],{"className":44,"code":48044,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[49,48046,48047],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48048,48049,48051,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48050,149],{"class":148},[52,48052,152],{"class":66},[52,48054,2585],{"class":646},[52,48056,152],{"class":66},[52,48058,81],{"class":73},[52,48060,47170],{"class":77},[52,48062,81],{"class":73},[52,48064,193],{"class":66},[52,48066,14342],{"class":110},[52,48068,742],{"class":66},[14,48070,164],{},[42,48072,48073],{"className":44,"code":47199,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,48074,48075],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48076,48077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48078,47199],{"class":110},[487,48080,48082],{"id":48081},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48084,2374,48085,48087],{},[49,48086,47967],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48089,48090],{},"Good:",[42,48092,48093],{"className":44,"code":47975,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48096,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48098,149],{"class":148},[52,48100,152],{"class":66},[52,48102,2585],{"class":646},[52,48104,152],{"class":66},[52,48106,81],{"class":73},[52,48108,46745],{"class":77},[52,48110,81],{"class":73},[52,48112,193],{"class":66},[52,48114,1570],{"class":110},[52,48116,742],{"class":66},[14,48118,48119],{},"Not correct:",[42,48121,48123],{"className":44,"code":48122,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# int(101, 2)\n",[49,48124,48125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48126,48127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48128,48122],{"class":1017},[14,48130,48131,48132,8998,48134,48136],{},"That causes a ",[49,48133,3401],{},[49,48135,47967],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[37,48138,48140],{"id":48139},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48142,48143,48144,48146,48147,2262,48149,35],{},"Two common errors with ",[49,48145,3276],{}," are ",[49,48148,40854],{},[49,48150,3401],{},[487,48152,48153],{"id":41664},[49,48154,40854],{},[14,48156,48157],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48159,511],{},[42,48161,48163],{"className":44,"code":48162,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[49,48164,48165,48171,48189,48201],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48166,48167,48169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48168,29945],{"class":4272},[52,48170,6792],{"class":66},[52,48172,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185,48187],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,48174,8463],{"class":148},[52,48176,152],{"class":66},[52,48178,2585],{"class":646},[52,48180,152],{"class":66},[52,48182,81],{"class":73},[52,48184,40293],{"class":77},[52,48186,81],{"class":73},[52,48188,742],{"class":66},[52,48190,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,48192,29976],{"class":4272},[52,48194,42077],{"class":646},[52,48196,47511],{"class":4272},[52,48198,47514],{"class":58},[52,48200,6792],{"class":66},[52,48202,48203,48205,48207,48209],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,48204,8463],{"class":148},[52,48206,152],{"class":66},[52,48208,47543],{"class":155},[52,48210,159],{"class":66},[14,48212,164],{},[42,48214,48216],{"className":44,"code":48215,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[49,48217,48218],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48219,48220,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231,48233,48235,48237,48239,48241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48221,48222],{"class":58},"invalid literal ",[52,48224,6356],{"class":4272},[52,48226,45429],{"class":646},[52,48228,7762],{"class":66},[52,48230,47579],{"class":4272},[52,48232,47582],{"class":58},[52,48234,2728],{"class":110},[52,48236,84],{"class":66},[52,48238,186],{"class":73},[52,48240,40293],{"class":77},[52,48242,29841],{"class":73},[14,48244,48245,48246,48249,48250,48252],{},"A decimal string like ",[49,48247,48248],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[49,48251,3276],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[42,48254,48256],{"className":44,"code":48255,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[49,48257,48258],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48259,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48261,149],{"class":148},[52,48263,152],{"class":66},[52,48265,2585],{"class":646},[52,48267,152],{"class":66},[52,48269,2588],{"class":646},[52,48271,152],{"class":66},[52,48273,81],{"class":73},[52,48275,40293],{"class":77},[52,48277,81],{"class":73},[52,48279,1291],{"class":66},[14,48281,164],{},[42,48283,48284],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,48285,48286],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48287,48288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48289,46770],{"class":110},[14,48291,48292,48293,2262,48296,35],{},"If you see this often, read ",[26,48294,48295],{"href":3359},"how to convert string to int in Python",[26,48297,25819,48298],{"href":46069},[49,48299,46070],{},[487,48301,48302],{"id":41730},[49,48303,3401],{},[14,48305,48306],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48308,511],{},[42,48310,48312],{"className":44,"code":48311,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[49,48313,48314,48320,48334,48347],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48315,48316,48318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48317,29945],{"class":4272},[52,48319,6792],{"class":66},[52,48321,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,48323,8463],{"class":148},[52,48325,152],{"class":66},[52,48327,2585],{"class":646},[52,48329,152],{"class":66},[52,48331,4175],{"class":128},[52,48333,742],{"class":66},[52,48335,48336,48338,48341,48343,48345],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,48337,29976],{"class":4272},[52,48339,48340],{"class":646}," TypeError",[52,48342,47511],{"class":4272},[52,48344,47514],{"class":58},[52,48346,6792],{"class":66},[52,48348,48349,48351,48353,48355],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,48350,8463],{"class":148},[52,48352,152],{"class":66},[52,48354,47543],{"class":155},[52,48356,159],{"class":66},[14,48358,164],{},[42,48360,48362],{"className":44,"code":48361,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[49,48363,48364],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48365,48366,48368,48370,48373,48375,48377,48380,48382,48385,48387,48390,48392,48394,48396,48398,48401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48367,2585],{"class":646},[52,48369,7762],{"class":66},[52,48371,48372],{"class":58}," argument must be a string",[52,48374,193],{"class":66},[52,48376,44697],{"class":58},[52,48378,48379],{"class":646},"bytes",[52,48381,2416],{"class":62},[52,48383,48384],{"class":58},"like ",[52,48386,42550],{"class":646},[52,48388,48389],{"class":62}," or",[52,48391,40990],{"class":58},[52,48393,193],{"class":66},[52,48395,8494],{"class":62},[52,48397,186],{"class":73},[52,48399,48400],{"class":77},"NoneType",[52,48402,29841],{"class":73},[14,48404,48405,48406,48408],{},"Another example is using the ",[49,48407,47967],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[42,48410,48412],{"className":44,"code":48411,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[49,48413,48414,48420,48438,48450],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48415,48416,48418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48417,29945],{"class":4272},[52,48419,6792],{"class":66},[52,48421,48422,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,48423,8463],{"class":148},[52,48425,152],{"class":66},[52,48427,2585],{"class":646},[52,48429,152],{"class":66},[52,48431,46745],{"class":110},[52,48433,193],{"class":66},[52,48435,1570],{"class":110},[52,48437,742],{"class":66},[52,48439,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,48441,29976],{"class":4272},[52,48443,48340],{"class":646},[52,48445,47511],{"class":4272},[52,48447,47514],{"class":58},[52,48449,6792],{"class":66},[52,48451,48452,48454,48456,48458],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,48453,8463],{"class":148},[52,48455,152],{"class":66},[52,48457,47543],{"class":155},[52,48459,159],{"class":66},[14,48461,164],{},[42,48463,48465],{"className":44,"code":48464,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[49,48466,48467],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48468,48469,48471,48473,48476,48478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48470,2585],{"class":646},[52,48472,7762],{"class":66},[52,48474,48475],{"class":58}," can",[52,48477,177],{"class":73},[52,48479,48480],{"class":77},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[37,48482,5358,48484],{"id":48483},"when-to-use-int",[49,48485,3276],{},[14,48487,340,48488,48490],{},[49,48489,3276],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48492,48493],{},"Common uses:",[227,48495,48496,48502,48505,48508],{},[230,48497,48498,48499,48501],{},"Convert user input from ",[49,48500,3355],{}," into integers",[230,48503,48504],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[230,48506,48507],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[230,48509,48510,48511,36763],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[49,48512,47967],{},[14,48514,48515],{},"Example with user input:",[42,48517,48519],{"className":44,"code":48518,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[49,48520,48521,48535,48550,48554],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48522,48523,48526,48528,48530,48533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48524,48525],{"class":58},"age_text ",[52,48527,63],{"class":62},[52,48529,87],{"class":73},[52,48531,48532],{"class":77},"18",[52,48534,297],{"class":73},[52,48536,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545,48548],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,48538,21766],{"class":58},[52,48540,63],{"class":62},[52,48542,45429],{"class":646},[52,48544,152],{"class":66},[52,48546,48547],{"class":155},"age_text",[52,48549,159],{"class":66},[52,48551,48552],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,48553,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,48555,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564,48566],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,48557,149],{"class":148},[52,48559,152],{"class":66},[52,48561,21766],{"class":155},[52,48563,2454],{"class":62},[52,48565,5895],{"class":110},[52,48567,159],{"class":66},[14,48569,164],{},[42,48571,48573],{"className":44,"code":48572,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"19\n",[49,48574,48575],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48576,48577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48578,48572],{"class":110},[37,48580,1743],{"id":1742},[14,48582,15088,48583,35],{},[49,48584,3276],{},[487,48586,48588],{"id":48587},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48590,48591],{},"This fails:",[42,48593,48595],{"className":44,"code":48594,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[49,48596,48597],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48598,48599],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48600,48594],{"class":1017},[14,48602,48603,48604,48607],{},"Why: ",[49,48605,48606],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48609,18977],{},[42,48611,48613],{"className":44,"code":48612,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[49,48614,48615],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48616,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633,48635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48618,149],{"class":148},[52,48620,152],{"class":66},[52,48622,2585],{"class":646},[52,48624,152],{"class":66},[52,48626,2588],{"class":646},[52,48628,152],{"class":66},[52,48630,81],{"class":73},[52,48632,41274],{"class":77},[52,48634,81],{"class":73},[52,48636,1291],{"class":66},[487,48638,48640],{"id":48639},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48642,48591],{},[42,48644,48646],{"className":44,"code":48645,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[49,48647,48648],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48649,48650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48651,48645],{"class":1017},[14,48653,48654],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[487,48656,48658,48659],{"id":48657},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[49,48660,48661],{},"int(None)",[14,48663,48664,48665,48667],{},"This fails because ",[49,48666,4175],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[42,48669,48671],{"className":44,"code":48670,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[49,48672,48673,48682,48686,48692,48706,48718],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48674,48675,48677,48679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48676,2845],{"class":58},[52,48678,63],{"class":62},[52,48680,48681],{"class":128}," None\n",[52,48683,48684],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,48685,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,48687,48688,48690],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,48689,29945],{"class":4272},[52,48691,6792],{"class":66},[52,48693,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,48695,8463],{"class":148},[52,48697,152],{"class":66},[52,48699,2585],{"class":646},[52,48701,152],{"class":66},[52,48703,263],{"class":155},[52,48705,742],{"class":66},[52,48707,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,48709,29976],{"class":4272},[52,48711,48340],{"class":646},[52,48713,47511],{"class":4272},[52,48715,47514],{"class":58},[52,48717,6792],{"class":66},[52,48719,48720,48722,48724,48726],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,48721,8463],{"class":148},[52,48723,152],{"class":66},[52,48725,47543],{"class":155},[52,48727,159],{"class":66},[487,48729,48731],{"id":48730},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48733,48591],{},[42,48735,48736],{"className":44,"code":48122,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,48737,48738],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48739,48740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48741,48122],{"class":1017},[14,48743,48744],{},"Use a string instead:",[42,48746,48747],{"className":44,"code":47975,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,48748,48749],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48750,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48752,149],{"class":148},[52,48754,152],{"class":66},[52,48756,2585],{"class":646},[52,48758,152],{"class":66},[52,48760,81],{"class":73},[52,48762,46745],{"class":77},[52,48764,81],{"class":73},[52,48766,193],{"class":66},[52,48768,1570],{"class":110},[52,48770,742],{"class":66},[487,48772,8849,48774,48776],{"id":48773},"expecting-int-to-round",[49,48775,3276],{}," to round",[14,48778,48779],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[42,48781,48783],{"className":44,"code":48782,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(int(4.9))\n",[49,48784,48785],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48786,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48788,149],{"class":148},[52,48790,152],{"class":66},[52,48792,2585],{"class":646},[52,48794,152],{"class":66},[52,48796,48797],{"class":110},"4.9",[52,48799,742],{"class":66},[14,48801,164],{},[42,48803,48805],{"className":44,"code":48804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"4\n",[49,48806,48807],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,48808,48809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48810,48804],{"class":110},[14,48812,3566,48813,48815,48816,48818],{},[49,48814,2531],{},", remember that ",[49,48817,3276],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[37,48820,2220],{"id":2219},[487,48822,13061,48824,48826],{"id":48823},"does-int-round-numbers",[49,48825,3276],{}," round numbers?",[14,48828,46518,48829,48831],{},[49,48830,3276],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[487,48833,5555,48835,48838],{"id":48834},"why-does-int314-fail",[49,48836,48837],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48840,29202,48841,48843,48844,48846,48847,40079],{},[49,48842,48248],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[49,48845,3282],{}," first, then use ",[49,48848,3276],{},[487,48850,5539,48852,13073],{"id":48851},"what-does-inttrue-return",[49,48853,48854],{},"int(True)",[14,48856,5545,48857,28454,48859,42306,48861,35],{},[49,48858,1565],{},[49,48860,4069],{},[49,48862,2514],{},[487,48864,48866],{"id":48865},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48868,48869],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[37,48871,2277],{"id":2276},[227,48873,48874,48880,48886,48892,48897,48901,48907],{},[230,48875,48876],{},[26,48877,48878,3902],{"href":3279},[49,48879,3282],{},[230,48881,48882],{},[26,48883,48884,3902],{"href":42326},[49,48885,47837],{},[230,48887,48888],{},[26,48889,48890,3902],{"href":6178},[49,48891,4208],{},[230,48893,48894],{},[26,48895,48896],{"href":3359},"How to convert string to int in Python",[230,48898,48899],{},[26,48900,9454],{"href":9376},[230,48902,48903],{},[26,48904,48905,3902],{"href":8614},[49,48906,3355],{},[230,48908,48909],{},[26,48910,30489,48911],{"href":46069},[49,48912,46070],{},[2315,48914,48915],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":48917},[48918,48919,48921,48925,48930,48932,48934,48939,48943,48945,48954,48963],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":46782,"depth":70,"text":48920},"What int() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":48922},[48923,48924],{"id":46973,"depth":98,"text":46976},{"id":47073,"depth":98,"text":47076},{"id":47209,"depth":70,"text":48926,"children":48927},"Using int() with strings",[48928,48929],{"id":47331,"depth":98,"text":47332},{"id":47419,"depth":98,"text":47420},{"id":47694,"depth":70,"text":48931},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47840,"depth":70,"text":48933},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47960,"depth":70,"text":47961,"children":48935},[48936,48937,48938],{"id":47971,"depth":98,"text":47972},{"id":48040,"depth":98,"text":48041},{"id":48081,"depth":98,"text":48082},{"id":48139,"depth":70,"text":48140,"children":48940},[48941,48942],{"id":41664,"depth":98,"text":40854},{"id":41730,"depth":98,"text":3401},{"id":48483,"depth":70,"text":48944},"When to use int()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":48946},[48947,48948,48949,48951,48952],{"id":48587,"depth":98,"text":48588},{"id":48639,"depth":98,"text":48640},{"id":48657,"depth":98,"text":48950},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48730,"depth":98,"text":48731},{"id":48773,"depth":98,"text":48953},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":48955},[48956,48958,48960,48962],{"id":48823,"depth":98,"text":48957},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48834,"depth":98,"text":48959},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48851,"depth":98,"text":48961},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48865,"depth":98,"text":48866},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42247,"description":48964},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48971,"title":48972,"body":48973,"description":50809,"extension":2357,"meta":50810,"navigation":141,"path":44955,"seo":50811,"stem":50812,"__hash__":50813},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48974,"toc":50765},[48975,48980,48985,48993,49002,49004,49063,49069,49074,49079,49082,49110,49113,49116,49127,49137,49139,49141,49161,49165,49193,49195,49234,49236,49244,49246,49249,49253,49306,49308,49320,49324,49381,49383,49395,49401,49407,49411,49414,49417,49483,49485,49497,49503,49505,49557,49560,49601,49604,49611,49620,49626,49629,49662,49668,49671,49702,49708,49711,49723,49727,49732,49736,49894,49896,49911,49914,49918,50022,50024,50041,50045,50106,50108,50116,50119,50123,50190,50192,50201,50207,50209,50218,50220,50255,50260,50262,50292,50296,50298,50335,50338,50340,50377,50383,50385,50435,50437,50445,50455,50461,50465,50470,50519,50521,50534,50537,50539,50542,50617,50620,50639,50642,50672,50682,50684,50689,50696,50702,50708,50715,50723,50729,50732,50734,50762],[10,48976,3969,48978,3973],{"id":48977},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[49,48979,44958],{},[14,48981,48982,48984],{},[49,48983,44958],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48986,48987,48988,30,48990,48992],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[49,48989,862],{},[49,48991,4069],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48994,48995,48996,48998,48999,49001],{},"In many cases, ",[49,48997,44958],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[49,49000,2699],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[37,49003,4002],{"id":4001},[42,49005,49007],{"className":44,"code":49006,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[49,49008,49009,49017,49021,49042],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49010,49011,49013,49015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49012,2845],{"class":58},[52,49014,63],{"class":62},[52,49016,2986],{"class":110},[52,49018,49019],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49020,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49022,49023,49025,49027,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49024,149],{"class":148},[52,49026,152],{"class":66},[52,49028,49029],{"class":148},"isinstance",[52,49031,152],{"class":66},[52,49033,263],{"class":155},[52,49035,193],{"class":66},[52,49037,45429],{"class":646},[52,49039,5758],{"class":66},[52,49041,44007],{"class":1017},[52,49043,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49059,49061],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,49045,149],{"class":148},[52,49047,152],{"class":66},[52,49049,49029],{"class":148},[52,49051,152],{"class":66},[52,49053,263],{"class":155},[52,49055,193],{"class":66},[52,49057,49058],{"class":646}," str",[52,49060,5758],{"class":66},[52,49062,44024],{"class":1017},[14,49064,340,49065,49068],{},[49,49066,49067],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[37,49070,4073,49072,4076],{"id":49071},"what-isinstance-does",[49,49073,44958],{},[14,49075,49076,49078],{},[49,49077,44958],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49080,49081],{},"It:",[227,49083,49084,49087,49093,49096],{},[230,49085,49086],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[230,49088,11786,49089,30,49091],{},[49,49090,862],{},[49,49092,4069],{},[230,49094,49095],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[230,49097,49098,49099,2203,49101,2203,49103,2203,49105,2210,49108],{},"Is commonly used with ",[49,49100,3836],{},[49,49102,2585],{},[49,49104,8488],{},[49,49106,49107],{},"tuple",[49,49109,780],{},[14,49111,49112],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49114,49115],{},"For example, you might want to:",[227,49117,49118,49121,49124],{},[230,49119,49120],{},"loop through a list",[230,49122,49123],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[230,49125,49126],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49128,49129,49130,30,49133,35],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[26,49131,44950],{"href":49132},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[26,49134,49136],{"href":49135},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[37,49138,2553],{"id":2552},[14,49140,2556],{},[42,49142,49144],{"className":44,"code":49143,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[49,49145,49146],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49147,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156,49159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49149,49029],{"class":148},[52,49151,152],{"class":66},[52,49153,42550],{"class":646},[52,49155,193],{"class":66},[52,49157,49158],{"class":155}," classinfo",[52,49160,159],{"class":66},[487,49162,49164],{"id":49163},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[227,49166,49167,49172,49186],{},[230,49168,49169,49171],{},[49,49170,42550],{}," is the value you want to test",[230,49173,49174,49177,49178,2203,49180,2203,49182,2589,49184],{},[49,49175,49176],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[49,49179,2585],{},[49,49181,3836],{},[49,49183,8488],{},[49,49185,780],{},[230,49187,49188,49189,30,49191],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[49,49190,862],{},[49,49192,4069],{},[14,49194,511],{},[42,49196,49198],{"className":44,"code":49197,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[49,49199,49200,49212,49216],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49201,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49203,8271],{"class":58},[52,49205,63],{"class":62},[52,49207,87],{"class":73},[52,49209,11868],{"class":77},[52,49211,297],{"class":73},[52,49213,49214],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49215,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49217,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228,49230,49232],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49219,149],{"class":148},[52,49221,152],{"class":66},[52,49223,49029],{"class":148},[52,49225,152],{"class":66},[52,49227,78],{"class":155},[52,49229,193],{"class":66},[52,49231,49058],{"class":646},[52,49233,742],{"class":66},[14,49235,164],{},[42,49237,49238],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,49239,49240],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49241,49242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49243,4374],{"class":128},[37,49245,11837],{"id":11836},[14,49247,49248],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[487,49250,49252],{"id":49251},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[42,49254,49256],{"className":44,"code":49255,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[49,49257,49258,49266,49270,49288],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49259,49260,49262,49264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49261,2845],{"class":58},[52,49263,63],{"class":62},[52,49265,45378],{"class":110},[52,49267,49268],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49269,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49271,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49273,149],{"class":148},[52,49275,152],{"class":66},[52,49277,49029],{"class":148},[52,49279,152],{"class":66},[52,49281,263],{"class":155},[52,49283,193],{"class":66},[52,49285,45429],{"class":646},[52,49287,742],{"class":66},[52,49289,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,49291,149],{"class":148},[52,49293,152],{"class":66},[52,49295,49029],{"class":148},[52,49297,152],{"class":66},[52,49299,263],{"class":155},[52,49301,193],{"class":66},[52,49303,49058],{"class":646},[52,49305,742],{"class":66},[14,49307,164],{},[42,49309,49310],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,49311,49312,49316],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49313,49314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49315,4374],{"class":128},[52,49317,49318],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49319,4435],{"class":128},[487,49321,49323],{"id":49322},"check-text","Check text",[42,49325,49327],{"className":44,"code":49326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[49,49328,49329,49341,49345,49363],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49330,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49332,34832],{"class":58},[52,49334,63],{"class":62},[52,49336,87],{"class":73},[52,49338,4241],{"class":77},[52,49340,297],{"class":73},[52,49342,49343],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49344,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49346,49347,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49348,149],{"class":148},[52,49350,152],{"class":66},[52,49352,49029],{"class":148},[52,49354,152],{"class":66},[52,49356,34853],{"class":155},[52,49358,193],{"class":66},[52,49360,49058],{"class":646},[52,49362,742],{"class":66},[52,49364,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375,49377,49379],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,49366,149],{"class":148},[52,49368,152],{"class":66},[52,49370,49029],{"class":148},[52,49372,152],{"class":66},[52,49374,34853],{"class":155},[52,49376,193],{"class":66},[52,49378,45429],{"class":646},[52,49380,742],{"class":66},[14,49382,164],{},[42,49384,49385],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,49386,49387,49391],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49388,49389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49390,4374],{"class":128},[52,49392,49393],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49394,4435],{"class":128},[14,49396,49397,49398,49400],{},"In both examples, ",[49,49399,44958],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49402,49403,49404,35],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[26,49405,49406],{"href":3359},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[37,49408,49410],{"id":49409},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49412,49413],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49415,49416],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[42,49418,49420],{"className":44,"code":49419,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[49,49421,49422,49431,49435,49459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49423,49424,49426,49428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49425,2845],{"class":58},[52,49427,63],{"class":62},[52,49429,49430],{"class":110}," 3.5\n",[52,49432,49433],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49434,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49436,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49438,149],{"class":148},[52,49440,152],{"class":66},[52,49442,49029],{"class":148},[52,49444,152],{"class":66},[52,49446,263],{"class":155},[52,49448,193],{"class":66},[52,49450,1118],{"class":66},[52,49452,2585],{"class":646},[52,49454,193],{"class":66},[52,49456,40405],{"class":646},[52,49458,1291],{"class":66},[52,49460,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,49462,149],{"class":148},[52,49464,152],{"class":66},[52,49466,49029],{"class":148},[52,49468,152],{"class":66},[52,49470,263],{"class":155},[52,49472,193],{"class":66},[52,49474,1118],{"class":66},[52,49476,3836],{"class":646},[52,49478,193],{"class":66},[52,49480,22698],{"class":646},[52,49482,1291],{"class":66},[14,49484,164],{},[42,49486,49487],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,49488,49489,49493],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49490,49491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49492,4374],{"class":128},[52,49494,49495],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49496,4435],{"class":128},[14,49498,49499,49500,49502],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[49,49501,40987],{}," conditions.",[14,49504,8693],{},[42,49506,49508],{"className":44,"code":49507,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[49,49509,49510,49518,49522],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49511,49512,49514,49516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49513,2845],{"class":58},[52,49515,63],{"class":62},[52,49517,49430],{"class":110},[52,49519,49520],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49521,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49523,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553,49555],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49525,149],{"class":148},[52,49527,152],{"class":66},[52,49529,734],{"class":646},[52,49531,152],{"class":66},[52,49533,263],{"class":155},[52,49535,4056],{"class":66},[52,49537,6807],{"class":62},[52,49539,45429],{"class":646},[52,49541,48389],{"class":4272},[52,49543,49544],{"class":646}," type",[52,49546,152],{"class":66},[52,49548,263],{"class":155},[52,49550,4056],{"class":66},[52,49552,6807],{"class":62},[52,49554,40405],{"class":646},[52,49556,159],{"class":66},[14,49558,49559],{},"you can write this:",[42,49561,49563],{"className":44,"code":49562,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[49,49564,49565,49573,49577],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49566,49567,49569,49571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49568,2845],{"class":58},[52,49570,63],{"class":62},[52,49572,49430],{"class":110},[52,49574,49575],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49576,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49578,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49580,149],{"class":148},[52,49582,152],{"class":66},[52,49584,49029],{"class":148},[52,49586,152],{"class":66},[52,49588,263],{"class":155},[52,49590,193],{"class":66},[52,49592,1118],{"class":66},[52,49594,2585],{"class":646},[52,49596,193],{"class":66},[52,49598,40405],{"class":646},[52,49600,1291],{"class":66},[14,49602,49603],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[37,49605,49607,10954,49609],{"id":49606},"isinstance-vs-type",[49,49608,44958],{},[49,49610,2699],{},[14,49612,10959,49613,2262,49615,49619],{},[49,49614,44958],{},[26,49616,49617],{"href":2696},[49,49618,2699],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[487,49621,49623],{"id":49622},"typevalue-int",[49,49624,49625],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49627,49628],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[42,49630,49632],{"className":44,"code":49631,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[49,49633,49634,49642],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49635,49636,49638,49640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49637,2845],{"class":58},[52,49639,63],{"class":62},[52,49641,2986],{"class":110},[52,49643,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49645,149],{"class":148},[52,49647,152],{"class":66},[52,49649,734],{"class":646},[52,49651,152],{"class":66},[52,49653,263],{"class":155},[52,49655,4056],{"class":66},[52,49657,6807],{"class":62},[52,49659,45429],{"class":646},[52,49661,159],{"class":66},[487,49663,49665],{"id":49664},"isinstancevalue-int",[49,49666,49667],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49669,49670],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[42,49672,49674],{"className":44,"code":49673,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[49,49675,49676,49684],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49677,49678,49680,49682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49679,2845],{"class":58},[52,49681,63],{"class":62},[52,49683,2986],{"class":110},[52,49685,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696,49698,49700],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49687,149],{"class":148},[52,49689,152],{"class":66},[52,49691,49029],{"class":148},[52,49693,152],{"class":66},[52,49695,263],{"class":155},[52,49697,193],{"class":66},[52,49699,45429],{"class":646},[52,49701,742],{"class":66},[14,49703,49704,49705,49707],{},"For beginners, ",[49,49706,44958],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49709,49710],{},"In everyday code:",[227,49712,49713,49718],{},[230,49714,40140,49715,49717],{},[49,49716,2699],{}," when you need the exact type",[230,49719,40140,49720,49722],{},[49,49721,44958],{}," when you want a practical type check",[37,49724,49726],{"id":49725},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49728,49729,49730,35],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[49,49731,44958],{},[487,49733,49735],{"id":49734},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[42,49737,49739],{"className":44,"code":49738,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[49,49740,49741,49759,49778,49790,49795,49813,49824,49828,49840,49844,49868],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49742,49743,49745,49748,49750,49752,49754,49757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49744,34996],{"class":774},[52,49746,49747],{"class":34999}," repeat_text",[52,49749,152],{"class":66},[52,49751,34853],{"class":37811},[52,49753,193],{"class":66},[52,49755,49756],{"class":37811}," count",[52,49758,8737],{"class":66},[52,49760,49761,49763,49765,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49762,6797],{"class":4272},[52,49764,8494],{"class":62},[52,49766,49767],{"class":148}," isinstance",[52,49769,152],{"class":66},[52,49771,34853],{"class":155},[52,49773,193],{"class":66},[52,49775,49058],{"class":646},[52,49777,8737],{"class":66},[52,49779,49780,49783,49785,49788],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49781,49782],{"class":4272},"        return",[52,49784,87],{"class":73},[52,49786,49787],{"class":77},"text must be a string",[52,49789,297],{"class":73},[52,49791,49792],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,49793,49794],{"class":58},"    \n",[52,49796,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,49798,6797],{"class":4272},[52,49800,8494],{"class":62},[52,49802,49767],{"class":148},[52,49804,152],{"class":66},[52,49806,41410],{"class":155},[52,49808,193],{"class":66},[52,49810,45429],{"class":646},[52,49812,8737],{"class":66},[52,49814,49815,49817,49819,49822],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,49816,49782],{"class":4272},[52,49818,87],{"class":73},[52,49820,49821],{"class":77},"count must be an integer",[52,49823,297],{"class":73},[52,49825,49826],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,49827,49794],{"class":58},[52,49829,49830,49832,49835,49837],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,49831,35007],{"class":4272},[52,49833,49834],{"class":58}," text ",[52,49836,40022],{"class":62},[52,49838,49839],{"class":58}," count\n",[52,49841,49842],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,49843,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49845,49846,49848,49850,49853,49855,49857,49860,49862,49864,49866],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,49847,149],{"class":148},[52,49849,152],{"class":66},[52,49851,49852],{"class":155},"repeat_text",[52,49854,152],{"class":66},[52,49856,81],{"class":73},[52,49858,49859],{"class":77},"Hi ",[52,49861,81],{"class":73},[52,49863,193],{"class":66},[52,49865,2850],{"class":110},[52,49867,742],{"class":66},[52,49869,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892],{"class":54,"line":11952},[52,49871,149],{"class":148},[52,49873,152],{"class":66},[52,49875,49852],{"class":155},[52,49877,152],{"class":66},[52,49879,81],{"class":73},[52,49881,49859],{"class":77},[52,49883,81],{"class":73},[52,49885,193],{"class":66},[52,49887,87],{"class":73},[52,49889,2457],{"class":77},[52,49891,81],{"class":73},[52,49893,742],{"class":66},[14,49895,164],{},[42,49897,49899],{"className":44,"code":49898,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[49,49900,49901,49906],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49902,49903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49904,49905],{"class":58},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[52,49907,49908],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49909,49910],{"class":58},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49912,49913],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[487,49915,49917],{"id":49916},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[42,49919,49921],{"className":44,"code":49920,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[49,49922,49923,49955,49959,49975,49990,50007],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,49924,49925,49927,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49926,2845],{"class":58},[52,49928,63],{"class":62},[52,49930,4017],{"class":66},[52,49932,81],{"class":73},[52,49934,26],{"class":77},[52,49936,81],{"class":73},[52,49938,193],{"class":66},[52,49940,87],{"class":73},[52,49942,5157],{"class":77},[52,49944,81],{"class":73},[52,49946,193],{"class":66},[52,49948,87],{"class":73},[52,49950,10111],{"class":77},[52,49952,81],{"class":73},[52,49954,4030],{"class":66},[52,49956,49957],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,49958,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,49960,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,49962,7395],{"class":4272},[52,49964,49767],{"class":148},[52,49966,152],{"class":66},[52,49968,263],{"class":155},[52,49970,193],{"class":66},[52,49972,49058],{"class":646},[52,49974,8737],{"class":66},[52,49976,49977,49979,49981,49983,49986,49988],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,49978,8463],{"class":148},[52,49980,152],{"class":66},[52,49982,81],{"class":73},[52,49984,49985],{"class":77},"This is text",[52,49987,81],{"class":73},[52,49989,159],{"class":66},[52,49991,49992,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,49993,49994],{"class":4272},"elif",[52,49996,49767],{"class":148},[52,49998,152],{"class":66},[52,50000,263],{"class":155},[52,50002,193],{"class":66},[52,50004,22698],{"class":646},[52,50006,8737],{"class":66},[52,50008,50009,50011,50013,50015,50018,50020],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,50010,8463],{"class":148},[52,50012,152],{"class":66},[52,50014,81],{"class":73},[52,50016,50017],{"class":77},"This is a list",[52,50019,81],{"class":73},[52,50021,159],{"class":66},[14,50023,164],{},[42,50025,50027],{"className":44,"code":50026,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"This is a list\n",[49,50028,50029],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50030,50031,50034,50036,50038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50032,50033],{"class":58},"This ",[52,50035,12551],{"class":62},[52,50037,44697],{"class":58},[52,50039,50040],{"class":646},"list\n",[487,50042,50044],{"id":50043},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[42,50046,50048],{"className":44,"code":50047,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[49,50049,50050,50062,50066,50082,50096],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50053,2845],{"class":58},[52,50055,63],{"class":62},[52,50057,87],{"class":73},[52,50059,46679],{"class":77},[52,50061,297],{"class":73},[52,50063,50064],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50065,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,50067,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,50069,7395],{"class":4272},[52,50071,49767],{"class":148},[52,50073,152],{"class":66},[52,50075,263],{"class":155},[52,50077,193],{"class":66},[52,50079,49058],{"class":646},[52,50081,8737],{"class":66},[52,50083,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,50085,42041],{"class":58},[52,50087,63],{"class":62},[52,50089,45429],{"class":646},[52,50091,152],{"class":66},[52,50093,263],{"class":155},[52,50095,159],{"class":66},[52,50097,50098,50100,50102,50104],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,50099,8463],{"class":148},[52,50101,152],{"class":66},[52,50103,2636],{"class":155},[52,50105,159],{"class":66},[14,50107,164],{},[42,50109,50110],{"className":44,"code":46765,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,50111,50112],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50113,50114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50115,46765],{"class":110},[14,50117,50118],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[487,50120,50122],{"id":50121},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[42,50124,50126],{"className":44,"code":50125,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[49,50127,50128,50152,50156,50172],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50129,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50131,2845],{"class":58},[52,50133,63],{"class":62},[52,50135,1799],{"class":66},[52,50137,81],{"class":73},[52,50139,78],{"class":77},[52,50141,81],{"class":73},[52,50143,84],{"class":66},[52,50145,87],{"class":73},[52,50147,90],{"class":77},[52,50149,81],{"class":73},[52,50151,135],{"class":66},[52,50153,50154],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50155,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,50157,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,50159,7395],{"class":4272},[52,50161,49767],{"class":148},[52,50163,152],{"class":66},[52,50165,263],{"class":155},[52,50167,193],{"class":66},[52,50169,647],{"class":646},[52,50171,8737],{"class":66},[52,50173,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,50175,8463],{"class":148},[52,50177,152],{"class":66},[52,50179,263],{"class":155},[52,50181,1709],{"class":66},[52,50183,81],{"class":73},[52,50185,78],{"class":77},[52,50187,81],{"class":73},[52,50189,1718],{"class":66},[14,50191,164],{},[42,50193,50195],{"className":44,"code":50194,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana\n",[49,50196,50197],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50198,50199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50200,50194],{"class":58},[14,50202,50203,50204,50206],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[49,50205,3401],{}," messages later.",[37,50208,4915],{"id":4914},[487,50210,50212,50213,11456,50216],{"id":50211},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[49,50214,50215],{},"\"int\"",[49,50217,2585],{},[14,50219,1773],{},[42,50221,50223],{"className":44,"code":50222,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[49,50224,50225,50233],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50226,50227,50229,50231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50228,2845],{"class":58},[52,50230,63],{"class":62},[52,50232,2986],{"class":110},[52,50234,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50236,149],{"class":148},[52,50238,152],{"class":66},[52,50240,49029],{"class":148},[52,50242,152],{"class":66},[52,50244,263],{"class":155},[52,50246,193],{"class":66},[52,50248,87],{"class":73},[52,50250,2585],{"class":77},[52,50252,81],{"class":73},[52,50254,742],{"class":66},[14,50256,50257,50259],{},[49,50258,50215],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50261,1785],{},[42,50263,50264],{"className":44,"code":49673,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,50265,50266,50274],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50267,50268,50270,50272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50269,2845],{"class":58},[52,50271,63],{"class":62},[52,50273,2986],{"class":110},[52,50275,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50277,149],{"class":148},[52,50279,152],{"class":66},[52,50281,49029],{"class":148},[52,50283,152],{"class":66},[52,50285,263],{"class":155},[52,50287,193],{"class":66},[52,50289,45429],{"class":646},[52,50291,742],{"class":66},[487,50293,50295],{"id":50294},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50297,1773],{},[42,50299,50301],{"className":44,"code":50300,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[49,50302,50303,50311],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50304,50305,50307,50309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50306,2845],{"class":58},[52,50308,63],{"class":62},[52,50310,34987],{"class":110},[52,50312,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50314,149],{"class":148},[52,50316,152],{"class":66},[52,50318,49029],{"class":148},[52,50320,152],{"class":66},[52,50322,263],{"class":155},[52,50324,193],{"class":66},[52,50326,4017],{"class":66},[52,50328,2585],{"class":646},[52,50330,193],{"class":66},[52,50332,40405],{"class":646},[52,50334,3395],{"class":66},[14,50336,50337],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50339,1785],{},[42,50341,50343],{"className":44,"code":50342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[49,50344,50345,50353],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50346,50347,50349,50351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50348,2845],{"class":58},[52,50350,63],{"class":62},[52,50352,34987],{"class":110},[52,50354,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50356,149],{"class":148},[52,50358,152],{"class":66},[52,50360,49029],{"class":148},[52,50362,152],{"class":66},[52,50364,263],{"class":155},[52,50366,193],{"class":66},[52,50368,1118],{"class":66},[52,50370,2585],{"class":646},[52,50372,193],{"class":66},[52,50374,40405],{"class":646},[52,50376,1291],{"class":66},[487,50378,25914,50380,50382],{"id":50379},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[49,50381,44958],{}," converts a value",[14,50384,19050],{},[42,50386,50388],{"className":44,"code":50387,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,50389,50390,50403,50421,50425],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50391,50392,50394,50396,50398,50401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50393,2845],{"class":58},[52,50395,63],{"class":62},[52,50397,87],{"class":73},[52,50399,50400],{"class":77},"123",[52,50402,297],{"class":73},[52,50404,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50406,2626],{"class":58},[52,50408,63],{"class":62},[52,50410,49767],{"class":148},[52,50412,152],{"class":66},[52,50414,263],{"class":155},[52,50416,193],{"class":66},[52,50418,45429],{"class":646},[52,50420,159],{"class":66},[52,50422,50423],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,50424,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,50426,50427,50429,50431,50433],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,50428,149],{"class":148},[52,50430,152],{"class":66},[52,50432,2661],{"class":155},[52,50434,159],{"class":66},[14,50436,164],{},[42,50438,50439],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,50440,50441],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50442,50443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50444,4435],{"class":128},[14,50446,50447,50448,50451,50452,50454],{},"This does not convert ",[49,50449,50450],{},"\"123\""," into ",[49,50453,50400],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50456,50457,50458,7029],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[49,50459,50460],{},"int(value)",[487,50462,50464],{"id":50463},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50466,50467,50469],{},[49,50468,44958],{}," does not modify anything.",[42,50471,50473],{"className":44,"code":50472,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[49,50474,50475,50487,50491,50509],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50476,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50478,2845],{"class":58},[52,50480,63],{"class":62},[52,50482,87],{"class":73},[52,50484,13914],{"class":77},[52,50486,297],{"class":73},[52,50488,50489],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50490,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,50492,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,50494,149],{"class":148},[52,50496,152],{"class":66},[52,50498,49029],{"class":148},[52,50500,152],{"class":66},[52,50502,263],{"class":155},[52,50504,193],{"class":66},[52,50506,49058],{"class":646},[52,50508,742],{"class":66},[52,50510,50511,50513,50515,50517],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,50512,149],{"class":148},[52,50514,152],{"class":66},[52,50516,263],{"class":155},[52,50518,159],{"class":66},[14,50520,164],{},[42,50522,50524],{"className":44,"code":50523,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\n100\n",[49,50525,50526,50530],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50527,50528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50529,4374],{"class":128},[52,50531,50532],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50533,47416],{"class":110},[14,50535,50536],{},"The value stays the same.",[37,50538,26082],{"id":26081},[14,50540,50541],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[42,50543,50545],{"className":44,"code":50544,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[49,50546,50547,50561,50579,50603],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50548,50549,50551,50553,50555,50557,50559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50550,149],{"class":148},[52,50552,152],{"class":66},[52,50554,734],{"class":646},[52,50556,152],{"class":66},[52,50558,263],{"class":155},[52,50560,742],{"class":66},[52,50562,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573,50575,50577],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50564,149],{"class":148},[52,50566,152],{"class":66},[52,50568,49029],{"class":148},[52,50570,152],{"class":66},[52,50572,263],{"class":155},[52,50574,193],{"class":66},[52,50576,45429],{"class":646},[52,50578,742],{"class":66},[52,50580,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,50582,149],{"class":148},[52,50584,152],{"class":66},[52,50586,49029],{"class":148},[52,50588,152],{"class":66},[52,50590,263],{"class":155},[52,50592,193],{"class":66},[52,50594,1118],{"class":66},[52,50596,2585],{"class":646},[52,50598,193],{"class":66},[52,50600,40405],{"class":646},[52,50602,1291],{"class":66},[52,50604,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,50606,149],{"class":148},[52,50608,152],{"class":66},[52,50610,41930],{"class":148},[52,50612,152],{"class":66},[52,50614,263],{"class":155},[52,50616,742],{"class":66},[14,50618,50619],{},"These can help when:",[227,50621,50622,50625,50630,50633],{},[230,50623,50624],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[230,50626,50627,50628],{},"you are getting a ",[49,50629,3401],{},[230,50631,50632],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[230,50634,50635,50636,50638],{},"the second argument to ",[49,50637,44958],{}," is invalid",[14,50640,50641],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[227,50643,50644,50658,50664,50669],{},[230,50645,50646,50647,30,50650,50653,50654,30,50656],{},"using ",[49,50648,50649],{},"'int'",[49,50651,50652],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[49,50655,2585],{},[49,50657,3836],{},[230,50659,50660,50661,50663],{},"expecting ",[49,50662,44958],{}," to convert a value",[230,50665,50646,50666,50668],{},[49,50667,2699],{}," when inherited types should also match",[230,50670,50671],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50673,50674,50675,35],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[26,50676,50678,50679],{"href":50677},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[49,50680,50681],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[37,50683,2220],{"id":2219},[487,50685,5539,50687,5542],{"id":50686},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[49,50688,44958],{},[14,50690,5545,50691,50693,50694,35],{},[49,50692,862],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[49,50695,4069],{},[487,50697,5567,50699,50701],{"id":50698},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[49,50700,44958],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50703,50704,50705,35],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[49,50706,50707],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[487,50709,2259,50711,2262,50713,2265],{"id":50710},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[49,50712,44958],{},[49,50714,2699],{},[14,50716,50717,50719,50720,50722],{},[49,50718,2699],{}," gives the exact type. ",[49,50721,44958],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[487,50724,13061,50726,50728],{"id":50725},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[49,50727,44958],{}," convert a value?",[14,50730,50731],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[37,50733,2277],{"id":2276},[227,50735,50736,50742,50746,50751,50756],{},[230,50737,50738],{},[26,50739,3969,50740,3902],{"href":2696},[49,50741,2699],{},[230,50743,50744],{},[26,50745,44950],{"href":49132},[230,50747,50748],{},[26,50749,50750],{"href":3359},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[230,50752,50753],{},[26,50754,50755],{"href":49135},"What is a data type in Python?",[230,50757,50758],{},[26,50759,50678,50760],{"href":50677},[49,50761,50681],{},[2315,50763,50764],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":50766},[50767,50768,50770,50773,50777,50778,50783,50789,50797,50798,50808],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":49071,"depth":70,"text":50769},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":50771},[50772],{"id":49163,"depth":98,"text":49164},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837,"children":50774},[50775,50776],{"id":49251,"depth":98,"text":49252},{"id":49322,"depth":98,"text":49323},{"id":49409,"depth":70,"text":49410},{"id":49606,"depth":70,"text":50779,"children":50780},"isinstance() vs type()",[50781,50782],{"id":49622,"depth":98,"text":49625},{"id":49664,"depth":98,"text":49667},{"id":49725,"depth":70,"text":49726,"children":50784},[50785,50786,50787,50788],{"id":49734,"depth":98,"text":49735},{"id":49916,"depth":98,"text":49917},{"id":50043,"depth":98,"text":50044},{"id":50121,"depth":98,"text":50122},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":50790},[50791,50793,50794,50796],{"id":50211,"depth":98,"text":50792},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50294,"depth":98,"text":50295},{"id":50379,"depth":98,"text":50795},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50463,"depth":98,"text":50464},{"id":26081,"depth":70,"text":26082},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":50799},[50800,50802,50804,50806],{"id":50686,"depth":98,"text":50801},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50698,"depth":98,"text":50803},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50710,"depth":98,"text":50805},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50725,"depth":98,"text":50807},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48972,"description":50809},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50815,"title":50816,"body":50817,"description":52790,"extension":2357,"meta":52791,"navigation":141,"path":52792,"seo":52793,"stem":52794,"__hash__":52795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50818,"toc":52765},[50819,50822,50827,50832,50846,50849,50851,50926,50931,50935,50940,50943,50957,50959,51125,51138,51140,51142,51157,51160,51163,51176,51178,51276,51280,51286,51289,51298,51300,51335,51340,51361,51366,51371,51403,51406,51463,51467,51473,51476,51529,51531,51571,51574,51642,51645,51696,51703,51707,51713,51798,51804,51810,51859,51862,51865,51915,51917,51922,51926,51976,51980,52027,52031,52108,52112,52177,52180,52184,52189,52194,52206,52208,52227,52233,52236,52255,52260,52287,52294,52298,52304,52307,52402,52405,52408,52457,52462,52464,52468,52503,52506,52563,52573,52576,52610,52613,52615,52619,52622,52626,52629,52633,52636,52640,52653,52657,52662,52664,52714,52726,52728,52762],[10,50820,50816],{"id":50821},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50823,9518,50824,50826],{},[49,50825,42512],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50828,35551,50829,50831],{},[49,50830,42512],{}," to count:",[227,50833,50834,50837,50840,50843],{},[230,50835,50836],{},"characters in a string",[230,50838,50839],{},"items in a list or tuple",[230,50841,50842],{},"keys in a dictionary",[230,50844,50845],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50847,50848],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[37,50850,40],{"id":39},[42,50852,50854],{"className":44,"code":50853,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[49,50855,50856,50868,50888,50892,50909],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50857,50858,50860,50862,50864,50866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50859,34832],{"class":58},[52,50861,63],{"class":62},[52,50863,87],{"class":73},[52,50865,4241],{"class":77},[52,50867,297],{"class":73},[52,50869,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50871,8175],{"class":58},[52,50873,63],{"class":62},[52,50875,4017],{"class":66},[52,50877,2728],{"class":110},[52,50879,193],{"class":66},[52,50881,111],{"class":110},[52,50883,193],{"class":66},[52,50885,1929],{"class":110},[52,50887,4030],{"class":66},[52,50889,50890],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,50891,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,50893,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902,50904,50906],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,50895,149],{"class":148},[52,50897,152],{"class":66},[52,50899,2082],{"class":148},[52,50901,152],{"class":66},[52,50903,34853],{"class":155},[52,50905,5758],{"class":66},[52,50907,50908],{"class":1017},"   # 5\n",[52,50910,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921,50923],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,50912,149],{"class":148},[52,50914,152],{"class":66},[52,50916,2082],{"class":148},[52,50918,152],{"class":66},[52,50920,8204],{"class":155},[52,50922,5758],{"class":66},[52,50924,50925],{"class":1017},"  # 3\n",[14,50927,340,50928,50930],{},[49,50929,42512],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[37,50932,50934],{"id":50933},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50936,50937,50939],{},[49,50938,42512],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50941,50942],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[227,50944,50945,50948,50951,50954],{},[230,50946,50947],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[230,50949,50950],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[230,50952,50953],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[230,50955,50956],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50958,511],{},[42,50960,50962],{"className":44,"code":50961,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[49,50963,50964,50976,51001,51033,51053,51057,51074,51091,51108],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,50965,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50967,8271],{"class":58},[52,50969,63],{"class":62},[52,50971,87],{"class":73},[52,50973,976],{"class":77},[52,50975,297],{"class":73},[52,50977,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50999],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,50979,4012],{"class":58},[52,50981,63],{"class":62},[52,50983,4017],{"class":66},[52,50985,2728],{"class":110},[52,50987,193],{"class":66},[52,50989,111],{"class":110},[52,50991,193],{"class":66},[52,50993,1929],{"class":110},[52,50995,193],{"class":66},[52,50997,50998],{"class":110}," 40",[52,51000,4030],{"class":66},[52,51002,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51004,616],{"class":58},[52,51006,63],{"class":62},[52,51008,1799],{"class":66},[52,51010,81],{"class":73},[52,51012,26],{"class":77},[52,51014,81],{"class":73},[52,51016,84],{"class":66},[52,51018,5895],{"class":110},[52,51020,193],{"class":66},[52,51022,87],{"class":73},[52,51024,5157],{"class":77},[52,51026,81],{"class":73},[52,51028,84],{"class":66},[52,51030,1570],{"class":110},[52,51032,135],{"class":66},[52,51034,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51036,4218],{"class":58},[52,51038,63],{"class":62},[52,51040,1799],{"class":66},[52,51042,2531],{"class":110},[52,51044,193],{"class":66},[52,51046,37792],{"class":110},[52,51048,193],{"class":66},[52,51050,6392],{"class":110},[52,51052,135],{"class":66},[52,51054,51055],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,51056,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,51058,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51060,149],{"class":148},[52,51062,152],{"class":66},[52,51064,2082],{"class":148},[52,51066,152],{"class":66},[52,51068,78],{"class":155},[52,51070,5758],{"class":66},[52,51072,51073],{"class":1017},"     # 3\n",[52,51075,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,51077,149],{"class":148},[52,51079,152],{"class":66},[52,51081,2082],{"class":148},[52,51083,152],{"class":66},[52,51085,1578],{"class":155},[52,51087,5758],{"class":66},[52,51089,51090],{"class":1017},"  # 4\n",[52,51092,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,51094,149],{"class":148},[52,51096,152],{"class":66},[52,51098,2082],{"class":148},[52,51100,152],{"class":66},[52,51102,630],{"class":155},[52,51104,5758],{"class":66},[52,51106,51107],{"class":1017},"     # 2\n",[52,51109,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,51111,149],{"class":148},[52,51113,152],{"class":66},[52,51115,2082],{"class":148},[52,51117,152],{"class":66},[52,51119,2071],{"class":155},[52,51121,5758],{"class":66},[52,51123,51124],{"class":1017},"   # 3\n",[14,51126,51127,51128,2203,51132,2210,51136,35],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[26,51129,51131],{"href":51130},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[26,51133,51135],{"href":51134},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[26,51137,29],{"href":28},[37,51139,2553],{"id":2552},[14,51141,2556],{},[42,51143,51145],{"className":44,"code":51144,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"len(object)\n",[49,51146,51147],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51148,51149,51151,51153,51155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51150,2082],{"class":148},[52,51152,152],{"class":66},[52,51154,42550],{"class":646},[52,51156,159],{"class":66},[14,51158,51159],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51161,51162],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[227,51164,51165,51167,51169,51171,51173],{},[230,51166,38056],{},[230,51168,38050],{},[230,51170,38053],{},[230,51172,38059],{},[230,51174,51175],{},"a dictionary",[14,51177,511],{},[42,51179,51181],{"className":44,"code":51180,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[49,51182,51183,51204,51228,51250],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51184,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51186,149],{"class":148},[52,51188,152],{"class":66},[52,51190,2082],{"class":148},[52,51192,152],{"class":66},[52,51194,81],{"class":73},[52,51196,46],{"class":77},[52,51198,81],{"class":73},[52,51200,5758],{"class":66},[52,51202,51203],{"class":1017},"      # 6\n",[52,51205,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51207,149],{"class":148},[52,51209,152],{"class":66},[52,51211,2082],{"class":148},[52,51213,2152],{"class":66},[52,51215,1565],{"class":110},[52,51217,193],{"class":66},[52,51219,1570],{"class":110},[52,51221,193],{"class":66},[52,51223,2850],{"class":110},[52,51225,5131],{"class":66},[52,51227,51073],{"class":1017},[52,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51247],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51231,149],{"class":148},[52,51233,152],{"class":66},[52,51235,2082],{"class":148},[52,51237,5908],{"class":66},[52,51239,2728],{"class":110},[52,51241,193],{"class":66},[52,51243,111],{"class":110},[52,51245,51246],{"class":66},")))",[52,51248,51249],{"class":1017},"      # 2\n",[52,51251,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51273],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51253,149],{"class":148},[52,51255,152],{"class":66},[52,51257,2082],{"class":148},[52,51259,5927],{"class":66},[52,51261,81],{"class":73},[52,51263,2570],{"class":77},[52,51265,81],{"class":73},[52,51267,84],{"class":66},[52,51269,5895],{"class":110},[52,51271,51272],{"class":66},"}))",[52,51274,51275],{"class":1017},"      # 1\n",[37,51277,51279],{"id":51278},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51281,51282,51283,51285],{},"When you use ",[49,51284,42512],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51287,51288],{},"That includes:",[227,51290,51291,51293,51295],{},[230,51292,36290],{},[230,51294,10822],{},[230,51296,51297],{},"punctuation",[14,51299,511],{},[42,51301,51303],{"className":44,"code":51302,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[49,51304,51305,51318],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51306,51307,51309,51311,51313,51316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51308,34832],{"class":58},[52,51310,63],{"class":62},[52,51312,87],{"class":73},[52,51314,51315],{"class":77},"Hi there!",[52,51317,297],{"class":73},[52,51319,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51321,149],{"class":148},[52,51323,152],{"class":66},[52,51325,2082],{"class":148},[52,51327,152],{"class":66},[52,51329,34853],{"class":155},[52,51331,5758],{"class":66},[52,51333,51334],{"class":1017},"  # 9\n",[14,51336,51337,51338,2265],{},"Why is the result ",[49,51339,2539],{},[227,51341,51342,51348,51352,51355],{},[230,51343,51344,51347],{},[49,51345,51346],{},"H"," = 1",[230,51349,51350,51347],{},[49,51351,36301],{},[230,51353,51354],{},"space = 1",[230,51356,51357,51360],{},[49,51358,51359],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51362,51363,51364],{},"Total: ",[49,51365,2539],{},[14,51367,51368,51369,84],{},"An empty string has length ",[49,51370,2514],{},[42,51372,51374],{"className":44,"code":51373,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[49,51375,51376,51385],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51377,51378,51381,51383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51379,51380],{"class":58},"empty_text ",[52,51382,63],{"class":62},[52,51384,8276],{"class":73},[52,51386,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51398,51400],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51388,149],{"class":148},[52,51390,152],{"class":66},[52,51392,2082],{"class":148},[52,51394,152],{"class":66},[52,51396,51397],{"class":155},"empty_text",[52,51399,5758],{"class":66},[52,51401,51402],{"class":1017},"  # 0\n",[14,51404,51405],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[42,51407,51409],{"className":44,"code":51408,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[49,51410,51411,51424,51428,51448],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51412,51413,51416,51418,51420,51422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51414,51415],{"class":58},"user_name ",[52,51417,63],{"class":62},[52,51419,87],{"class":73},[52,51421,5401],{"class":77},[52,51423,297],{"class":73},[52,51425,51426],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51427,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,51429,51430,51432,51434,51436,51439,51441,51444,51446],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51431,7395],{"class":4272},[52,51433,38535],{"class":148},[52,51435,152],{"class":66},[52,51437,51438],{"class":155},"user_name",[52,51440,4056],{"class":66},[52,51442,51443],{"class":62}," >=",[52,51445,2850],{"class":110},[52,51447,6792],{"class":66},[52,51449,51450,51452,51454,51456,51459,51461],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51451,8463],{"class":148},[52,51453,152],{"class":66},[52,51455,81],{"class":73},[52,51457,51458],{"class":77},"Name is long enough",[52,51460,81],{"class":73},[52,51462,159],{"class":66},[37,51464,51466],{"id":51465},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51468,51469,51470,51472],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[49,51471,42512],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51474,51475],{},"Example with a list:",[42,51477,51479],{"className":44,"code":51478,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[49,51480,51481,51513],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51482,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51484,13431],{"class":58},[52,51486,63],{"class":62},[52,51488,4017],{"class":66},[52,51490,81],{"class":73},[52,51492,13448],{"class":77},[52,51494,81],{"class":73},[52,51496,193],{"class":66},[52,51498,87],{"class":73},[52,51500,17591],{"class":77},[52,51502,81],{"class":73},[52,51504,193],{"class":66},[52,51506,87],{"class":73},[52,51508,13465],{"class":77},[52,51510,81],{"class":73},[52,51512,4030],{"class":66},[52,51514,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51516,149],{"class":148},[52,51518,152],{"class":66},[52,51520,2082],{"class":148},[52,51522,152],{"class":66},[52,51524,17638],{"class":155},[52,51526,5758],{"class":66},[52,51528,50925],{"class":1017},[14,51530,38065],{},[42,51532,51534],{"className":44,"code":51533,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[49,51535,51536,51553],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51537,51538,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51539,51540],{"class":58},"point ",[52,51542,63],{"class":62},[52,51544,1118],{"class":66},[52,51546,2728],{"class":110},[52,51548,193],{"class":66},[52,51550,111],{"class":110},[52,51552,159],{"class":66},[52,51554,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51566,51568],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51556,149],{"class":148},[52,51558,152],{"class":66},[52,51560,2082],{"class":148},[52,51562,152],{"class":66},[52,51564,51565],{"class":155},"point",[52,51567,5758],{"class":66},[52,51569,51570],{"class":1017},"  # 2\n",[14,51572,51573],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[42,51575,51577],{"className":44,"code":51576,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[49,51578,51579,51603,51607,51625],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51580,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599,51601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51582,8175],{"class":58},[52,51584,63],{"class":62},[52,51586,4017],{"class":66},[52,51588,81],{"class":73},[52,51590,4474],{"class":77},[52,51592,81],{"class":73},[52,51594,193],{"class":66},[52,51596,87],{"class":73},[52,51598,4483],{"class":77},[52,51600,81],{"class":73},[52,51602,4030],{"class":66},[52,51604,51605],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51606,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,51608,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51610,7395],{"class":4272},[52,51612,38535],{"class":148},[52,51614,152],{"class":66},[52,51616,8204],{"class":155},[52,51618,4056],{"class":66},[52,51620,38545],{"class":62},[52,51622,5895],{"class":110},[52,51624,6792],{"class":66},[52,51626,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635,51637,51639],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51628,8463],{"class":148},[52,51630,152],{"class":66},[52,51632,8204],{"class":155},[52,51634,1709],{"class":66},[52,51636,1565],{"class":110},[52,51638,20583],{"class":66},[52,51640,51641],{"class":1017},"  # banana\n",[14,51643,51644],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[42,51646,51648],{"className":44,"code":51647,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[49,51649,51650,51673],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51651,51652,51654,51656,51658,51661,51663,51666,51668,51671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51653,1441],{"class":58},[52,51655,63],{"class":62},[52,51657,4017],{"class":66},[52,51659,51660],{"class":110},"88",[52,51662,193],{"class":66},[52,51664,51665],{"class":110}," 91",[52,51667,193],{"class":66},[52,51669,51670],{"class":110}," 75",[52,51672,4030],{"class":66},[52,51674,51675,51677,51679,51681,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51676,149],{"class":148},[52,51678,152],{"class":66},[52,51680,81],{"class":73},[52,51682,51683],{"class":77},"Number of scores:",[52,51685,81],{"class":73},[52,51687,193],{"class":66},[52,51689,38535],{"class":148},[52,51691,152],{"class":66},[52,51693,1508],{"class":155},[52,51695,742],{"class":66},[14,51697,51698,51699,35],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[26,51700,51702],{"href":51701},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[37,51704,51706],{"id":51705},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51708,51709,51710,51712],{},"For dictionaries, ",[49,51711,42512],{}," counts keys.",[42,51714,51716],{"className":44,"code":51715,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[49,51717,51718,51726,51744,51758,51774,51778,51782],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51719,51720,51722,51724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51721,59],{"class":58},[52,51723,63],{"class":62},[52,51725,67],{"class":66},[52,51727,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51729,74],{"class":73},[52,51731,78],{"class":77},[52,51733,81],{"class":73},[52,51735,84],{"class":66},[52,51737,87],{"class":73},[52,51739,8316],{"class":77},[52,51741,81],{"class":73},[52,51743,95],{"class":66},[52,51745,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51747,74],{"class":73},[52,51749,103],{"class":77},[52,51751,81],{"class":73},[52,51753,84],{"class":66},[52,51755,31085],{"class":110},[52,51757,95],{"class":66},[52,51759,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768,51770,51772],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51761,74],{"class":73},[52,51763,20028],{"class":77},[52,51765,81],{"class":73},[52,51767,84],{"class":66},[52,51769,87],{"class":73},[52,51771,22383],{"class":77},[52,51773,297],{"class":73},[52,51775,51776],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,51777,135],{"class":66},[52,51779,51780],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,51781,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,51783,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794,51796],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,51785,149],{"class":148},[52,51787,152],{"class":66},[52,51789,2082],{"class":148},[52,51791,152],{"class":66},[52,51793,156],{"class":155},[52,51795,5758],{"class":66},[52,51797,50925],{"class":1017},[14,51799,51800,51801,51803],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[49,51802,42512],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51805,51806,51807,51809],{},"For sets, ",[49,51808,42512],{}," counts unique items:",[42,51811,51813],{"className":44,"code":51812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[49,51814,51815,51843],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51816,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51818,4012],{"class":58},[52,51820,63],{"class":62},[52,51822,1799],{"class":66},[52,51824,1565],{"class":110},[52,51826,193],{"class":66},[52,51828,1570],{"class":110},[52,51830,193],{"class":66},[52,51832,2850],{"class":110},[52,51834,193],{"class":66},[52,51836,2850],{"class":110},[52,51838,193],{"class":66},[52,51840,1570],{"class":110},[52,51842,135],{"class":66},[52,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51846,149],{"class":148},[52,51848,152],{"class":66},[52,51850,2082],{"class":148},[52,51852,152],{"class":66},[52,51854,1578],{"class":155},[52,51856,5758],{"class":66},[52,51858,50925],{"class":1017},[14,51860,51861],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51863,51864],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[42,51866,51868],{"className":44,"code":51867,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[49,51869,51870,51878,51882,51900],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51871,51872,51874,51876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51873,616],{"class":58},[52,51875,63],{"class":62},[52,51877,621],{"class":66},[52,51879,51880],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51881,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,51883,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896,51898],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51885,7395],{"class":4272},[52,51887,38535],{"class":148},[52,51889,152],{"class":66},[52,51891,630],{"class":155},[52,51893,4056],{"class":66},[52,51895,6807],{"class":62},[52,51897,4229],{"class":110},[52,51899,6792],{"class":66},[52,51901,51902,51904,51906,51908,51911,51913],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51903,8463],{"class":148},[52,51905,152],{"class":66},[52,51907,81],{"class":73},[52,51909,51910],{"class":77},"The dictionary is empty",[52,51912,81],{"class":73},[52,51914,159],{"class":66},[37,51916,41196],{"id":41195},[14,51918,51919,51920,35],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[49,51921,42512],{},[487,51923,51925],{"id":51924},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[42,51927,51929],{"className":44,"code":51928,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[49,51930,51931,51939,51943,51961],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51932,51933,51935,51937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51934,8175],{"class":58},[52,51936,63],{"class":62},[52,51938,8233],{"class":66},[52,51940,51941],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,51942,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,51944,51945,51947,51949,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,51946,7395],{"class":4272},[52,51948,38535],{"class":148},[52,51950,152],{"class":66},[52,51952,8204],{"class":155},[52,51954,4056],{"class":66},[52,51956,6807],{"class":62},[52,51958,4229],{"class":110},[52,51960,6792],{"class":66},[52,51962,51963,51965,51967,51969,51972,51974],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,51964,8463],{"class":148},[52,51966,152],{"class":66},[52,51968,81],{"class":73},[52,51970,51971],{"class":77},"The list is empty",[52,51973,81],{"class":73},[52,51975,159],{"class":66},[487,51977,51979],{"id":51978},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[42,51981,51983],{"className":44,"code":51982,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[49,51984,51985,52004],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,51986,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,52000,52002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51988,6553],{"class":58},[52,51990,63],{"class":62},[52,51992,8637],{"class":148},[52,51994,152],{"class":66},[52,51996,81],{"class":73},[52,51998,51999],{"class":77},"Enter a word: ",[52,52001,81],{"class":73},[52,52003,159],{"class":66},[52,52005,52006,52008,52010,52012,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52007,149],{"class":148},[52,52009,152],{"class":66},[52,52011,81],{"class":73},[52,52013,52014],{"class":77},"Number of characters:",[52,52016,81],{"class":73},[52,52018,193],{"class":66},[52,52020,38535],{"class":148},[52,52022,152],{"class":66},[52,52024,38540],{"class":155},[52,52026,742],{"class":66},[487,52028,52030],{"id":52029},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[42,52032,52034],{"className":44,"code":52033,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[49,52035,52036,52050,52054,52072,52087,52093],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52037,52038,52041,52043,52045,52048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52039,52040],{"class":58},"password ",[52,52042,63],{"class":62},[52,52044,87],{"class":73},[52,52046,52047],{"class":77},"secret123",[52,52049,297],{"class":73},[52,52051,52052],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52053,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,52055,52056,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,52057,7395],{"class":4272},[52,52059,38535],{"class":148},[52,52061,152],{"class":66},[52,52063,17757],{"class":155},[52,52065,4056],{"class":66},[52,52067,51443],{"class":62},[52,52069,6758],{"class":110},[52,52071,6792],{"class":66},[52,52073,52074,52076,52078,52080,52083,52085],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,52075,8463],{"class":148},[52,52077,152],{"class":66},[52,52079,81],{"class":73},[52,52081,52082],{"class":77},"Password length is valid",[52,52084,81],{"class":73},[52,52086,159],{"class":66},[52,52088,52089,52091],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,52090,27574],{"class":4272},[52,52092,6792],{"class":66},[52,52094,52095,52097,52099,52101,52104,52106],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52096,8463],{"class":148},[52,52098,152],{"class":66},[52,52100,81],{"class":73},[52,52102,52103],{"class":77},"Password is too short",[52,52105,81],{"class":73},[52,52107,159],{"class":66},[487,52109,52111],{"id":52110},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[42,52113,52115],{"className":44,"code":52114,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[49,52116,52117,52153],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52118,52119,52122,52124,52126,52128,52131,52133,52135,52137,52140,52142,52144,52146,52149,52151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52120,52121],{"class":58},"results ",[52,52123,63],{"class":62},[52,52125,4017],{"class":66},[52,52127,81],{"class":73},[52,52129,52130],{"class":77},"item1",[52,52132,81],{"class":73},[52,52134,193],{"class":66},[52,52136,87],{"class":73},[52,52138,52139],{"class":77},"item2",[52,52141,81],{"class":73},[52,52143,193],{"class":66},[52,52145,87],{"class":73},[52,52147,52148],{"class":77},"item3",[52,52150,81],{"class":73},[52,52152,4030],{"class":66},[52,52154,52155,52157,52159,52161,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52175],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52156,149],{"class":148},[52,52158,152],{"class":66},[52,52160,81],{"class":73},[52,52162,52163],{"class":77},"Items found:",[52,52165,81],{"class":73},[52,52167,193],{"class":66},[52,52169,38535],{"class":148},[52,52171,152],{"class":66},[52,52173,52174],{"class":155},"results",[52,52176,742],{"class":66},[14,52178,52179],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[37,52181,52183],{"id":52182},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52185,52186,52188],{},[49,52187,42512],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52190,52191,52192,84],{},"These will raise a ",[49,52193,3401],{},[227,52195,52196,52199,52202],{},[230,52197,52198],{},"plain integers",[230,52200,52201],{},"floats",[230,52203,52204],{},[49,52205,4175],{},[14,52207,511],{},[42,52209,52211],{"className":44,"code":52210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(len(5))\n",[49,52212,52213],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52214,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223,52225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52216,149],{"class":148},[52,52218,152],{"class":66},[52,52220,2082],{"class":148},[52,52222,152],{"class":66},[52,52224,2531],{"class":110},[52,52226,742],{"class":66},[14,52228,52229,52230,52232],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[49,52231,2531],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52234,52235],{},"Another example:",[42,52237,52239],{"className":44,"code":52238,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(len(3.14))\n",[49,52240,52241],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52242,52243,52245,52247,52249,52251,52253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52244,149],{"class":148},[52,52246,152],{"class":66},[52,52248,2082],{"class":148},[52,52250,152],{"class":66},[52,52252,40293],{"class":110},[52,52254,742],{"class":66},[14,52256,52257,52258,84],{},"And with ",[49,52259,4175],{},[42,52261,52263],{"className":44,"code":52262,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[49,52264,52265,52273],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52266,52267,52269,52271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52268,2845],{"class":58},[52,52270,63],{"class":62},[52,52272,48681],{"class":128},[52,52274,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52276,149],{"class":148},[52,52278,152],{"class":66},[52,52280,2082],{"class":148},[52,52282,152],{"class":66},[52,52284,263],{"class":155},[52,52286,742],{"class":66},[14,52288,52289,52290,35],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[26,52291,52293],{"href":52292},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[37,52295,52297],{"id":52296},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52299,52300,52301,52303],{},"Before using ",[49,52302,42512],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52305,52306],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[42,52308,52310],{"className":44,"code":52309,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[49,52311,52312,52320,52324,52334,52348,52366,52384],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52313,52314,52316,52318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52315,2845],{"class":58},[52,52317,63],{"class":62},[52,52319,48681],{"class":128},[52,52321,52322],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52323,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,52325,52326,52328,52330,52332],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,52327,149],{"class":148},[52,52329,152],{"class":66},[52,52331,263],{"class":155},[52,52333,159],{"class":66},[52,52335,52336,52338,52340,52342,52344,52346],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,52337,149],{"class":148},[52,52339,152],{"class":66},[52,52341,734],{"class":646},[52,52343,152],{"class":66},[52,52345,263],{"class":155},[52,52347,742],{"class":66},[52,52349,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,52351,149],{"class":148},[52,52353,152],{"class":66},[52,52355,49029],{"class":148},[52,52357,152],{"class":66},[52,52359,263],{"class":155},[52,52361,193],{"class":66},[52,52363,49058],{"class":646},[52,52365,742],{"class":66},[52,52367,52368,52370,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380,52382],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,52369,149],{"class":148},[52,52371,152],{"class":66},[52,52373,49029],{"class":148},[52,52375,152],{"class":66},[52,52377,263],{"class":155},[52,52379,193],{"class":66},[52,52381,22698],{"class":646},[52,52383,742],{"class":66},[52,52385,52386,52388,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398,52400],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,52387,149],{"class":148},[52,52389,152],{"class":66},[52,52391,49029],{"class":148},[52,52393,152],{"class":66},[52,52395,263],{"class":155},[52,52397,193],{"class":66},[52,52399,647],{"class":646},[52,52401,742],{"class":66},[14,52403,52404],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52406,52407],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[42,52409,52411],{"className":44,"code":52410,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[49,52412,52413,52425,52429,52443],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52414,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52416,2845],{"class":58},[52,52418,63],{"class":62},[52,52420,87],{"class":73},[52,52422,4241],{"class":77},[52,52424,297],{"class":73},[52,52426,52427],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52428,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,52430,52431,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,52432,7395],{"class":4272},[52,52434,21722],{"class":58},[52,52436,12551],{"class":62},[52,52438,8494],{"class":62},[52,52440,4248],{"class":128},[52,52442,6792],{"class":66},[52,52444,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,52446,8463],{"class":148},[52,52448,152],{"class":66},[52,52450,2082],{"class":148},[52,52452,152],{"class":66},[52,52454,263],{"class":155},[52,52456,742],{"class":66},[14,52458,52459,52460,35],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[26,52461,8838],{"href":2696},[37,52463,1743],{"id":1742},[14,52465,23233,52466,84],{},[49,52467,42512],{},[227,52469,52470,52478,52486,52494,52500],{},[230,52471,8813,52472,52474,52475],{},[49,52473,42512],{}," on an integer like ",[49,52476,52477],{},"len(5)",[230,52479,8813,52480,52482,52483],{},[49,52481,42512],{}," on a float like ",[49,52484,52485],{},"len(3.14)",[230,52487,8813,52488,52490,52491,52493],{},[49,52489,42512],{}," on ",[49,52492,4175],{}," after a function returns nothing",[230,52495,4976,52496,52499],{},[49,52497,52498],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[230,52501,52502],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52504,52505],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[42,52507,52509],{"className":44,"code":52508,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[49,52510,52511,52547],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52512,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52514,13560],{"class":58},[52,52516,63],{"class":62},[52,52518,1799],{"class":66},[52,52520,81],{"class":73},[52,52522,78],{"class":77},[52,52524,81],{"class":73},[52,52526,84],{"class":66},[52,52528,87],{"class":73},[52,52530,90],{"class":77},[52,52532,81],{"class":73},[52,52534,193],{"class":66},[52,52536,87],{"class":73},[52,52538,103],{"class":77},[52,52540,81],{"class":73},[52,52542,84],{"class":66},[52,52544,111],{"class":110},[52,52546,135],{"class":66},[52,52548,52549,52551,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52550,149],{"class":148},[52,52552,152],{"class":66},[52,52554,2082],{"class":148},[52,52556,152],{"class":66},[52,52558,17442],{"class":155},[52,52560,5758],{"class":66},[52,52562,51570],{"class":1017},[14,52564,37743,52565,52567,52568,2262,52570,35],{},[49,52566,2451],{}," because there are two keys: ",[49,52569,308],{},[49,52571,52572],{},"\"age\"",[14,52574,52575],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[42,52577,52579],{"className":44,"code":52578,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[49,52580,52581,52594],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52582,52583,52585,52587,52589,52592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52584,34832],{"class":58},[52,52586,63],{"class":62},[52,52588,87],{"class":73},[52,52590,52591],{"class":77},"a b",[52,52593,297],{"class":73},[52,52595,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52597,149],{"class":148},[52,52599,152],{"class":66},[52,52601,2082],{"class":148},[52,52603,152],{"class":66},[52,52605,34853],{"class":155},[52,52607,5758],{"class":66},[52,52609,50925],{"class":1017},[14,52611,52612],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[37,52614,2220],{"id":2219},[487,52616,52618],{"id":52617},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52620,52621],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[487,52623,52625],{"id":52624},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52627,52628],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[487,52630,52632],{"id":52631},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52634,52635],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[487,52637,52639],{"id":52638},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52641,52642,52643,52645,52646,30,52648,52650,52651,35],{},"No. Using ",[49,52644,42512],{}," on an ",[49,52647,2585],{},[49,52649,2588],{}," raises a ",[49,52652,3401],{},[487,52654,52656],{"id":52655},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52658,8158,52659,35],{},[49,52660,52661],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52663,511],{},[42,52665,52667],{"className":44,"code":52666,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[49,52668,52669,52677,52681,52699],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52670,52671,52673,52675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52672,8703],{"class":58},[52,52674,63],{"class":62},[52,52676,8233],{"class":66},[52,52678,52679],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52680,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,52682,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,52684,7395],{"class":4272},[52,52686,38535],{"class":148},[52,52688,152],{"class":66},[52,52690,8734],{"class":155},[52,52692,4056],{"class":66},[52,52694,6807],{"class":62},[52,52696,4229],{"class":110},[52,52698,6792],{"class":66},[52,52700,52701,52703,52705,52707,52710,52712],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,52702,8463],{"class":148},[52,52704,152],{"class":66},[52,52706,81],{"class":73},[52,52708,52709],{"class":77},"Empty list",[52,52711,81],{"class":73},[52,52713,159],{"class":66},[14,52715,52716,52717,52719,52720,52722,52723,52725],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[49,52718,4069],{}," in an ",[49,52721,7395],{}," statement, but ",[49,52724,42512],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[37,52727,2277],{"id":2276},[227,52729,52730,52734,52738,52742,52747,52751,52757],{},[230,52731,52732],{},[26,52733,51131],{"href":51130},[230,52735,52736],{},[26,52737,51135],{"href":51134},[230,52739,52740],{},[26,52741,29],{"href":28},[230,52743,52744],{},[26,52745,52746],{"href":51701},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[230,52748,52749],{},[26,52750,8838],{"href":2696},[230,52752,52753],{},[26,52754,52756],{"href":52755},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[230,52758,52759],{},[26,52760,52761],{"href":52292},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2315,52763,52764],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":52766},[52767,52768,52769,52770,52771,52772,52773,52779,52780,52781,52782,52789],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":50933,"depth":70,"text":50934},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":51278,"depth":70,"text":51279},{"id":51465,"depth":70,"text":51466},{"id":51705,"depth":70,"text":51706},{"id":41195,"depth":70,"text":41196,"children":52774},[52775,52776,52777,52778],{"id":51924,"depth":98,"text":51925},{"id":51978,"depth":98,"text":51979},{"id":52029,"depth":98,"text":52030},{"id":52110,"depth":98,"text":52111},{"id":52182,"depth":70,"text":52183},{"id":52296,"depth":70,"text":52297},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":52783},[52784,52785,52786,52787,52788],{"id":52617,"depth":98,"text":52618},{"id":52624,"depth":98,"text":52625},{"id":52631,"depth":98,"text":52632},{"id":52638,"depth":98,"text":52639},{"id":52655,"depth":98,"text":52656},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50816,"description":52790},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52797,"title":52798,"body":52799,"description":54484,"extension":2357,"meta":54485,"navigation":141,"path":54486,"seo":54487,"stem":54488,"__hash__":54489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52800,"toc":54457},[52801,52804,52818,52824,52826,52880,52885,52889,52905,52908,52922,52928,52930,52933,52952,52968,52970,53046,53048,53085,53096,53098,53101,53162,53164,53197,53200,53206,53210,53213,53338,53340,53399,53407,53460,53462,53489,53495,53505,53509,53512,53517,53569,53571,53597,53603,53657,53659,53684,53687,53711,53717,53719,53723,53725,53782,53784,53792,53794,53816,53818,53871,53873,53897,53901,53903,53942,53944,53952,53958,53962,54014,54016,54042,54050,54054,54059,54068,54070,54136,54138,54170,54174,54179,54181,54195,54198,54271,54273,54299,54301,54305,54312,54316,54323,54327,54330,54332,54385,54387,54413,54417,54426,54428,54454],[10,52802,52798],{"id":52803},"python-list-append-method",[14,52805,2374,52806,52809,52810,52813,52814,52817],{},[49,52807,52808],{},"append()"," method adds ",[18,52811,52812],{},"one item"," to the ",[18,52815,52816],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52819,52820,52821,52823],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[18,52822,1006],{}," create a new list.",[37,52825,4002],{"id":4001},[42,52827,52829],{"className":44,"code":52828,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,52830,52831,52851,52865,52875],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52832,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52834,4012],{"class":58},[52,52836,63],{"class":62},[52,52838,4017],{"class":66},[52,52840,1565],{"class":110},[52,52842,193],{"class":66},[52,52844,1570],{"class":110},[52,52846,193],{"class":66},[52,52848,2850],{"class":110},[52,52850,4030],{"class":66},[52,52852,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,52854,1578],{"class":58},[52,52856,35],{"class":66},[52,52858,13909],{"class":155},[52,52860,152],{"class":66},[52,52862,2903],{"class":110},[52,52864,159],{"class":66},[52,52866,52867,52869,52871,52873],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,52868,149],{"class":148},[52,52870,152],{"class":66},[52,52872,1578],{"class":155},[52,52874,159],{"class":66},[52,52876,52877],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,52878,52879],{"class":1017},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52881,340,52882,52884],{},[49,52883,52808],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[37,52886,52888],{"id":52887},"what-append-does","What append() does",[227,52890,52891,52896,52899,52902],{},[230,52892,52893,52895],{},[49,52894,52808],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[230,52897,52898],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[230,52900,52901],{},"It does not create a new list",[230,52903,52904],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52906,52907],{},"This means you can append:",[227,52909,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920],{},[230,52911,1578],{},[230,52913,5706],{},[230,52915,40744],{},[230,52917,5697],{},[230,52919,7648],{},[230,52921,34806],{},[14,52923,52924,52925,35],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[26,52926,52927],{"href":51134},"Python lists explained for beginners",[37,52929,5828],{"id":5827},[14,52931,52932],{},"Basic form:",[42,52934,52936],{"className":44,"code":52935,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.append(item)\n",[49,52937,52938],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52939,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52941,8734],{"class":58},[52,52943,35],{"class":66},[52,52945,13909],{"class":155},[52,52947,152],{"class":66},[52,52949,23449],{"class":155},[52,52951,159],{"class":66},[227,52953,52954,52959,52964],{},[230,52955,52956,52958],{},[49,52957,8734],{}," is the list you want to change",[230,52960,52961,52963],{},[49,52962,23449],{}," is the value or object to add",[230,52965,12268,52966],{},[49,52967,4175],{},[14,52969,511],{},[42,52971,52973],{"className":44,"code":52972,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[49,52974,52975,52999,53022,53026,53036],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,52976,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52978,36386],{"class":58},[52,52980,63],{"class":62},[52,52982,4017],{"class":66},[52,52984,81],{"class":73},[52,52986,4474],{"class":77},[52,52988,81],{"class":73},[52,52990,193],{"class":66},[52,52992,87],{"class":73},[52,52994,4483],{"class":77},[52,52996,81],{"class":73},[52,52998,4030],{"class":66},[52,53000,53001,53003,53005,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53002,2626],{"class":58},[52,53004,63],{"class":62},[52,53006,53007],{"class":58}," fruits",[52,53009,35],{"class":66},[52,53011,13909],{"class":155},[52,53013,152],{"class":66},[52,53015,81],{"class":73},[52,53017,33364],{"class":77},[52,53019,81],{"class":73},[52,53021,159],{"class":66},[52,53023,53024],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53025,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53027,53028,53030,53032,53034],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53029,149],{"class":148},[52,53031,152],{"class":66},[52,53033,36438],{"class":155},[52,53035,159],{"class":66},[52,53037,53038,53040,53042,53044],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,53039,149],{"class":148},[52,53041,152],{"class":66},[52,53043,2661],{"class":155},[52,53045,159],{"class":66},[14,53047,164],{},[42,53049,53051],{"className":44,"code":53050,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[49,53052,53053,53081],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53054,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53056,1709],{"class":66},[52,53058,177],{"class":73},[52,53060,4474],{"class":77},[52,53062,177],{"class":73},[52,53064,193],{"class":66},[52,53066,186],{"class":73},[52,53068,4483],{"class":77},[52,53070,177],{"class":73},[52,53072,193],{"class":66},[52,53074,186],{"class":73},[52,53076,33364],{"class":77},[52,53078,177],{"class":73},[52,53080,4030],{"class":66},[52,53082,53083],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53084,12165],{"class":128},[14,53086,53087,53088,53090,53091,53093,53094,35],{},"The important detail is that ",[49,53089,52808],{}," updates ",[49,53092,36438],{},", but the method itself returns ",[49,53095,4175],{},[37,53097,11837],{"id":11836},[14,53099,53100],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[42,53102,53104],{"className":44,"code":53103,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[49,53105,53106,53130,53148,53152],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53107,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53109,13431],{"class":58},[52,53111,63],{"class":62},[52,53113,4017],{"class":66},[52,53115,81],{"class":73},[52,53117,13448],{"class":77},[52,53119,81],{"class":73},[52,53121,193],{"class":66},[52,53123,87],{"class":73},[52,53125,13465],{"class":77},[52,53127,81],{"class":73},[52,53129,4030],{"class":66},[52,53131,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53133,17638],{"class":58},[52,53135,35],{"class":66},[52,53137,13909],{"class":155},[52,53139,152],{"class":66},[52,53141,81],{"class":73},[52,53143,17591],{"class":77},[52,53145,81],{"class":73},[52,53147,159],{"class":66},[52,53149,53150],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53151,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53153,53154,53156,53158,53160],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53155,149],{"class":148},[52,53157,152],{"class":66},[52,53159,17638],{"class":155},[52,53161,159],{"class":66},[14,53163,164],{},[42,53165,53167],{"className":44,"code":53166,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[49,53168,53169],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53170,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53172,1709],{"class":66},[52,53174,177],{"class":73},[52,53176,13448],{"class":77},[52,53178,177],{"class":73},[52,53180,193],{"class":66},[52,53182,186],{"class":73},[52,53184,13465],{"class":77},[52,53186,177],{"class":73},[52,53188,193],{"class":66},[52,53190,186],{"class":73},[52,53192,17591],{"class":77},[52,53194,177],{"class":73},[52,53196,4030],{"class":66},[14,53198,53199],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53201,31225,53202,35],{},[26,53203,53205],{"href":53204},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[37,53207,53209],{"id":53208},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53211,53212],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[42,53214,53216],{"className":44,"code":53215,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,53217,53218,53226,53230,53244,53262,53276,53302,53324,53328],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53219,53220,53222,53224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53221,8175],{"class":58},[52,53223,63],{"class":62},[52,53225,8233],{"class":66},[52,53227,53228],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53229,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53231,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53233,8204],{"class":58},[52,53235,35],{"class":66},[52,53237,13909],{"class":155},[52,53239,152],{"class":66},[52,53241,2728],{"class":110},[52,53243,159],{"class":66},[52,53245,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53247,8204],{"class":58},[52,53249,35],{"class":66},[52,53251,13909],{"class":155},[52,53253,152],{"class":66},[52,53255,81],{"class":73},[52,53257,4241],{"class":77},[52,53259,81],{"class":73},[52,53261,159],{"class":66},[52,53263,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,53265,8204],{"class":58},[52,53267,35],{"class":66},[52,53269,13909],{"class":155},[52,53271,152],{"class":66},[52,53273,862],{"class":128},[52,53275,159],{"class":66},[52,53277,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,53279,8204],{"class":58},[52,53281,35],{"class":66},[52,53283,13909],{"class":155},[52,53285,5927],{"class":66},[52,53287,81],{"class":73},[52,53289,78],{"class":77},[52,53291,81],{"class":73},[52,53293,84],{"class":66},[52,53295,87],{"class":73},[52,53297,976],{"class":77},[52,53299,81],{"class":73},[52,53301,30638],{"class":66},[52,53303,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,53305,8204],{"class":58},[52,53307,35],{"class":66},[52,53309,13909],{"class":155},[52,53311,2152],{"class":66},[52,53313,1565],{"class":110},[52,53315,193],{"class":66},[52,53317,1570],{"class":110},[52,53319,193],{"class":66},[52,53321,2850],{"class":110},[52,53323,1718],{"class":66},[52,53325,53326],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,53327,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53329,53330,53332,53334,53336],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,53331,149],{"class":148},[52,53333,152],{"class":66},[52,53335,8204],{"class":155},[52,53337,159],{"class":66},[14,53339,164],{},[42,53341,53343],{"className":44,"code":53342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[49,53344,53345],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53346,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53348,1709],{"class":66},[52,53350,2728],{"class":110},[52,53352,193],{"class":66},[52,53354,186],{"class":73},[52,53356,4241],{"class":77},[52,53358,177],{"class":73},[52,53360,193],{"class":66},[52,53362,216],{"class":128},[52,53364,193],{"class":66},[52,53366,1799],{"class":66},[52,53368,177],{"class":73},[52,53370,78],{"class":77},[52,53372,177],{"class":73},[52,53374,84],{"class":66},[52,53376,186],{"class":73},[52,53378,976],{"class":77},[52,53380,177],{"class":73},[52,53382,53383],{"class":66},"},",[52,53385,4017],{"class":66},[52,53387,1565],{"class":110},[52,53389,193],{"class":66},[52,53391,1570],{"class":110},[52,53393,193],{"class":66},[52,53395,2850],{"class":110},[52,53397,53398],{"class":66},"]]\n",[14,53400,53401,53402,42306,53404,35],{},"A list added with ",[49,53403,52808],{},[18,53405,53406],{},"one single item",[42,53408,53410],{"className":44,"code":53409,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,53411,53412,53428,53446,53450],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53413,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53415,4012],{"class":58},[52,53417,63],{"class":62},[52,53419,4017],{"class":66},[52,53421,1565],{"class":110},[52,53423,193],{"class":66},[52,53425,1570],{"class":110},[52,53427,4030],{"class":66},[52,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53431,1578],{"class":58},[52,53433,35],{"class":66},[52,53435,13909],{"class":155},[52,53437,2152],{"class":66},[52,53439,2457],{"class":110},[52,53441,193],{"class":66},[52,53443,2856],{"class":110},[52,53445,1718],{"class":66},[52,53447,53448],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53449,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53451,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53453,149],{"class":148},[52,53455,152],{"class":66},[52,53457,1578],{"class":155},[52,53459,159],{"class":66},[14,53461,164],{},[42,53463,53465],{"className":44,"code":53464,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[49,53466,53467],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53468,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53470,1709],{"class":66},[52,53472,1565],{"class":110},[52,53474,193],{"class":66},[52,53476,1570],{"class":110},[52,53478,193],{"class":66},[52,53480,4017],{"class":66},[52,53482,2457],{"class":110},[52,53484,193],{"class":66},[52,53486,2856],{"class":110},[52,53488,53398],{"class":66},[14,53490,2683,53491,53494],{},[49,53492,53493],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53496,53497,53498,53504],{},"This is different from ",[26,53499,53501],{"href":53500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[49,53502,53503],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[37,53506,53508],{"id":53507},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53510,53511],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[487,53513,8813,53515],{"id":53514},"using-append",[49,53516,52808],{},[42,53518,53519],{"className":44,"code":53409,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,53520,53521,53537,53555,53559],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53522,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53524,4012],{"class":58},[52,53526,63],{"class":62},[52,53528,4017],{"class":66},[52,53530,1565],{"class":110},[52,53532,193],{"class":66},[52,53534,1570],{"class":110},[52,53536,4030],{"class":66},[52,53538,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53540,1578],{"class":58},[52,53542,35],{"class":66},[52,53544,13909],{"class":155},[52,53546,2152],{"class":66},[52,53548,2457],{"class":110},[52,53550,193],{"class":66},[52,53552,2856],{"class":110},[52,53554,1718],{"class":66},[52,53556,53557],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53558,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53560,53561,53563,53565,53567],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53562,149],{"class":148},[52,53564,152],{"class":66},[52,53566,1578],{"class":155},[52,53568,159],{"class":66},[14,53570,164],{},[42,53572,53573],{"className":44,"code":53464,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,53574,53575],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53576,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53578,1709],{"class":66},[52,53580,1565],{"class":110},[52,53582,193],{"class":66},[52,53584,1570],{"class":110},[52,53586,193],{"class":66},[52,53588,4017],{"class":66},[52,53590,2457],{"class":110},[52,53592,193],{"class":66},[52,53594,2856],{"class":110},[52,53596,53398],{"class":66},[487,53598,8813,53600],{"id":53599},"using-extend",[49,53601,53602],{},"extend()",[42,53604,53606],{"className":44,"code":53605,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,53607,53608,53624,53643,53647],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53609,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53611,4012],{"class":58},[52,53613,63],{"class":62},[52,53615,4017],{"class":66},[52,53617,1565],{"class":110},[52,53619,193],{"class":66},[52,53621,1570],{"class":110},[52,53623,4030],{"class":66},[52,53625,53626,53628,53630,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53627,1578],{"class":58},[52,53629,35],{"class":66},[52,53631,53632],{"class":155},"extend",[52,53634,2152],{"class":66},[52,53636,2457],{"class":110},[52,53638,193],{"class":66},[52,53640,2856],{"class":110},[52,53642,1718],{"class":66},[52,53644,53645],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53646,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53648,53649,53651,53653,53655],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53650,149],{"class":148},[52,53652,152],{"class":66},[52,53654,1578],{"class":155},[52,53656,159],{"class":66},[14,53658,164],{},[42,53660,53662],{"className":44,"code":53661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,53663,53664],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53665,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53667,1709],{"class":66},[52,53669,1565],{"class":110},[52,53671,193],{"class":66},[52,53673,1570],{"class":110},[52,53675,193],{"class":66},[52,53677,2850],{"class":110},[52,53679,193],{"class":66},[52,53681,2856],{"class":110},[52,53683,4030],{"class":66},[14,53685,53686],{},"The difference:",[227,53688,53689,53695,53701,53706],{},[230,53690,53691,53694],{},[49,53692,53693],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[230,53696,53697,53700],{},[49,53698,53699],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[230,53702,340,53703,53705],{},[49,53704,52808],{}," for one item",[230,53707,340,53708,53710],{},[49,53709,53602],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53712,53713,53714,35],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[26,53715,53716],{"href":53500},"Python list extend() method",[37,53718,4915],{"id":4914},[487,53720,53722],{"id":53721},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53724,25830],{},[42,53726,53728],{"className":44,"code":53727,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,53729,53730,53750,53768,53772],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53731,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53733,8175],{"class":58},[52,53735,63],{"class":62},[52,53737,4017],{"class":66},[52,53739,1565],{"class":110},[52,53741,193],{"class":66},[52,53743,1570],{"class":110},[52,53745,193],{"class":66},[52,53747,2850],{"class":110},[52,53749,4030],{"class":66},[52,53751,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53753,8175],{"class":58},[52,53755,63],{"class":62},[52,53757,6364],{"class":58},[52,53759,35],{"class":66},[52,53761,13909],{"class":155},[52,53763,152],{"class":66},[52,53765,2903],{"class":110},[52,53767,159],{"class":66},[52,53769,53770],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53771,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53773,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53775,149],{"class":148},[52,53777,152],{"class":66},[52,53779,8204],{"class":155},[52,53781,159],{"class":66},[14,53783,164],{},[42,53785,53786],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,53787,53788],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53789,53790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53791,12165],{"class":128},[14,53793,12257],{},[227,53795,53796,53801,53807],{},[230,53797,53798,53800],{},[49,53799,52808],{}," changes the list in place",[230,53802,53803,2795,53805],{},[49,53804,52808],{},[49,53806,4175],{},[230,53808,53809,53810,53813,53814],{},"So ",[49,53811,53812],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[49,53815,4175],{},[14,53817,11172],{},[42,53819,53821],{"className":44,"code":53820,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,53822,53823,53843,53857,53861],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53824,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53826,8175],{"class":58},[52,53828,63],{"class":62},[52,53830,4017],{"class":66},[52,53832,1565],{"class":110},[52,53834,193],{"class":66},[52,53836,1570],{"class":110},[52,53838,193],{"class":66},[52,53840,2850],{"class":110},[52,53842,4030],{"class":66},[52,53844,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53846,8204],{"class":58},[52,53848,35],{"class":66},[52,53850,13909],{"class":155},[52,53852,152],{"class":66},[52,53854,2903],{"class":110},[52,53856,159],{"class":66},[52,53858,53859],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,53860,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,53862,53863,53865,53867,53869],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,53864,149],{"class":148},[52,53866,152],{"class":66},[52,53868,8204],{"class":155},[52,53870,159],{"class":66},[14,53872,164],{},[42,53874,53875],{"className":44,"code":53661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,53876,53877],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53878,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53880,1709],{"class":66},[52,53882,1565],{"class":110},[52,53884,193],{"class":66},[52,53886,1570],{"class":110},[52,53888,193],{"class":66},[52,53890,2850],{"class":110},[52,53892,193],{"class":66},[52,53894,2856],{"class":110},[52,53896,4030],{"class":66},[487,53898,53900],{"id":53899},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53902,19050],{},[42,53904,53906],{"className":44,"code":53905,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[49,53907,53908,53932],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53909,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53911,32025],{"class":58},[52,53913,63],{"class":62},[52,53915,4017],{"class":66},[52,53917,1565],{"class":110},[52,53919,193],{"class":66},[52,53921,1570],{"class":110},[52,53923,13906],{"class":66},[52,53925,13909],{"class":155},[52,53927,152],{"class":66},[52,53929,2457],{"class":110},[52,53931,159],{"class":66},[52,53933,53934,53936,53938,53940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53935,149],{"class":148},[52,53937,152],{"class":66},[52,53939,32044],{"class":155},[52,53941,159],{"class":66},[14,53943,164],{},[42,53945,53946],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,53947,53948],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53949,53950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53951,12165],{"class":128},[14,53953,53954,53955,53957],{},"Remember: ",[49,53956,52808],{}," updates the list you already have.",[487,53959,53961],{"id":53960},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[42,53963,53964],{"className":44,"code":53409,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,53965,53966,53982,54000,54004],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,53967,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978,53980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53969,4012],{"class":58},[52,53971,63],{"class":62},[52,53973,4017],{"class":66},[52,53975,1565],{"class":110},[52,53977,193],{"class":66},[52,53979,1570],{"class":110},[52,53981,4030],{"class":66},[52,53983,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,53985,1578],{"class":58},[52,53987,35],{"class":66},[52,53989,13909],{"class":155},[52,53991,2152],{"class":66},[52,53993,2457],{"class":110},[52,53995,193],{"class":66},[52,53997,2856],{"class":110},[52,53999,1718],{"class":66},[52,54001,54002],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54003,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54005,54006,54008,54010,54012],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54007,149],{"class":148},[52,54009,152],{"class":66},[52,54011,1578],{"class":155},[52,54013,159],{"class":66},[14,54015,164],{},[42,54017,54018],{"className":44,"code":53464,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,54019,54020],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54021,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54023,1709],{"class":66},[52,54025,1565],{"class":110},[52,54027,193],{"class":66},[52,54029,1570],{"class":110},[52,54031,193],{"class":66},[52,54033,4017],{"class":66},[52,54035,2457],{"class":110},[52,54037,193],{"class":66},[52,54039,2856],{"class":110},[52,54041,53398],{"class":66},[14,54043,3566,54044,54047,54048,7029],{},[49,54045,54046],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[49,54049,53602],{},[487,54051,54053],{"id":54052},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54055,54056,54058],{},[49,54057,52808],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54060,54061,54062,35],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[26,54063,54065],{"href":54064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[49,54066,54067],{},"list.insert()",[14,54069,511],{},[42,54071,54073],{"className":44,"code":54072,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[49,54074,54075,54099,54122,54126],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54076,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54078,36237],{"class":58},[52,54080,63],{"class":62},[52,54082,4017],{"class":66},[52,54084,81],{"class":73},[52,54086,26],{"class":77},[52,54088,81],{"class":73},[52,54090,193],{"class":66},[52,54092,87],{"class":73},[52,54094,10111],{"class":77},[52,54096,81],{"class":73},[52,54098,4030],{"class":66},[52,54100,54101,54103,54105,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54102,36290],{"class":58},[52,54104,35],{"class":66},[52,54106,54107],{"class":155},"insert",[52,54109,152],{"class":66},[52,54111,1565],{"class":110},[52,54113,193],{"class":66},[52,54115,87],{"class":73},[52,54117,5157],{"class":77},[52,54119,81],{"class":73},[52,54121,159],{"class":66},[52,54123,54124],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54125,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54127,54128,54130,54132,54134],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54129,149],{"class":148},[52,54131,152],{"class":66},[52,54133,36290],{"class":155},[52,54135,159],{"class":66},[14,54137,164],{},[42,54139,54140],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,54141,54142],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54143,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54145,1709],{"class":66},[52,54147,177],{"class":73},[52,54149,26],{"class":77},[52,54151,177],{"class":73},[52,54153,193],{"class":66},[52,54155,186],{"class":73},[52,54157,5157],{"class":77},[52,54159,177],{"class":73},[52,54161,193],{"class":66},[52,54163,186],{"class":73},[52,54165,10111],{"class":77},[52,54167,177],{"class":73},[52,54169,4030],{"class":66},[37,54171,54173],{"id":54172},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54175,54176,54178],{},[49,54177,52808],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54180,36573],{},[227,54182,54183,54186,54189,54192],{},[230,54184,54185],{},"building a list in a loop",[230,54187,54188],{},"collecting user input",[230,54190,54191],{},"storing results step by step",[230,54193,54194],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54196,54197],{},"Example with a loop:",[42,54199,54201],{"className":44,"code":54200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[49,54202,54203,54212,54216,54237,54256,54260],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54204,54205,54208,54210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54206,54207],{"class":58},"squares ",[52,54209,63],{"class":62},[52,54211,8233],{"class":66},[52,54213,54214],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54215,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54217,54218,54220,54222,54224,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54219,6356],{"class":4272},[52,54221,6785],{"class":58},[52,54223,4279],{"class":4272},[52,54225,54226],{"class":148}," range",[52,54228,152],{"class":66},[52,54230,1565],{"class":110},[52,54232,193],{"class":66},[52,54234,5002],{"class":110},[52,54236,8737],{"class":66},[52,54238,54239,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54240,54241],{"class":58},"    squares",[52,54243,35],{"class":66},[52,54245,13909],{"class":155},[52,54247,152],{"class":66},[52,54249,2613],{"class":155},[52,54251,40022],{"class":62},[52,54253,2593],{"class":155},[52,54255,159],{"class":66},[52,54257,54258],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,54259,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54261,54262,54264,54266,54269],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54263,149],{"class":148},[52,54265,152],{"class":66},[52,54267,54268],{"class":155},"squares",[52,54270,159],{"class":66},[14,54272,164],{},[42,54274,54276],{"className":44,"code":54275,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[49,54277,54278],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54279,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290,54293,54295,54297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54281,1709],{"class":66},[52,54283,1565],{"class":110},[52,54285,193],{"class":66},[52,54287,2856],{"class":110},[52,54289,193],{"class":66},[52,54291,54292],{"class":110}," 9",[52,54294,193],{"class":66},[52,54296,14342],{"class":110},[52,54298,4030],{"class":66},[37,54300,2220],{"id":2219},[487,54302,54304],{"id":54303},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54306,46518,54307,54309,54310,35],{},[49,54308,52808],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[49,54311,4175],{},[487,54313,54315],{"id":54314},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54317,54318,54319,35],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[26,54320,54321],{"href":53500},[49,54322,53602],{},[487,54324,54326],{"id":54325},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54328,54329],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54331,511],{},[42,54333,54335],{"className":44,"code":54334,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[49,54336,54337,54353,54371,54375],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54338,54339,54341,54343,54345,54347,54349,54351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54340,616],{"class":58},[52,54342,63],{"class":62},[52,54344,4017],{"class":66},[52,54346,1565],{"class":110},[52,54348,193],{"class":66},[52,54350,1570],{"class":110},[52,54352,4030],{"class":66},[52,54354,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54356,630],{"class":58},[52,54358,35],{"class":66},[52,54360,13909],{"class":155},[52,54362,2152],{"class":66},[52,54364,2457],{"class":110},[52,54366,193],{"class":66},[52,54368,2856],{"class":110},[52,54370,1718],{"class":66},[52,54372,54373],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54374,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54376,54377,54379,54381,54383],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54378,149],{"class":148},[52,54380,152],{"class":66},[52,54382,630],{"class":155},[52,54384,159],{"class":66},[14,54386,164],{},[42,54388,54389],{"className":44,"code":53464,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,54390,54391],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54392,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409,54411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54394,1709],{"class":66},[52,54396,1565],{"class":110},[52,54398,193],{"class":66},[52,54400,1570],{"class":110},[52,54402,193],{"class":66},[52,54404,4017],{"class":66},[52,54406,2457],{"class":110},[52,54408,193],{"class":66},[52,54410,2856],{"class":110},[52,54412,53398],{"class":66},[487,54414,54416],{"id":54415},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54418,54419,54421,54422,54425],{},[49,54420,52808],{}," adds at the end. ",[49,54423,54424],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[37,54427,2277],{"id":2276},[227,54429,54430,54435,54439,54444,54448],{},[230,54431,54432],{},[26,54433,54434],{"href":53204},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[230,54436,54437],{},[26,54438,53716],{"href":53500},[230,54440,54441],{},[26,54442,54443],{"href":54064},"Python list insert() method",[230,54445,54446],{},[26,54447,52927],{"href":51134},[230,54449,54450],{},[26,54451,54453],{"href":54452},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2315,54455,54456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":54458},[54459,54460,54461,54462,54463,54464,54470,54476,54477,54483],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":52887,"depth":70,"text":52888},{"id":5827,"depth":70,"text":5828},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":53208,"depth":70,"text":53209},{"id":53507,"depth":70,"text":53508,"children":54465},[54466,54468],{"id":53514,"depth":98,"text":54467},"Using append()",{"id":53599,"depth":98,"text":54469},"Using extend()",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":54471},[54472,54473,54474,54475],{"id":53721,"depth":98,"text":53722},{"id":53899,"depth":98,"text":53900},{"id":53960,"depth":98,"text":53961},{"id":54052,"depth":98,"text":54053},{"id":54172,"depth":70,"text":54173},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":54478},[54479,54480,54481,54482],{"id":54303,"depth":98,"text":54304},{"id":54314,"depth":98,"text":54315},{"id":54325,"depth":98,"text":54326},{"id":54415,"depth":98,"text":54416},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52798,"description":54484},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54491,"title":54492,"body":54493,"description":55737,"extension":2357,"meta":55738,"navigation":141,"path":55739,"seo":55740,"stem":55741,"__hash__":55742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54494,"toc":55702},[54495,54501,54507,54513,54515,54563,54568,54573,54577,54593,54599,54601,54604,54619,54621,54632,54634,54636,54693,54695,54703,54705,54721,54727,54729,54735,54739,54823,54826,54875,54882,54890,54893,54907,54920,54926,55001,55008,55015,55089,55097,55100,55111,55120,55124,55128,55139,55141,55218,55239,55241,55251,55254,55302,55304,55325,55328,55330,55381,55387,55394,55461,55467,55473,55476,55503,55508,55514,55517,55589,55592,55603,55609,55611,55617,55620,55626,55632,55639,55647,55653,55659,55661,55699],[10,54496,54498,54499,11684],{"id":54497},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[49,54500,11683],{},[14,54502,54503,54506],{},[49,54504,54505],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54508,54509,54510,54512],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[18,54511,11696],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[37,54514,4002],{"id":4001},[42,54516,54518],{"className":44,"code":54517,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[49,54519,54520,54540,54550],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54521,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54523,8175],{"class":58},[52,54525,63],{"class":62},[52,54527,4017],{"class":66},[52,54529,1565],{"class":110},[52,54531,193],{"class":66},[52,54533,1570],{"class":110},[52,54535,193],{"class":66},[52,54537,2850],{"class":110},[52,54539,4030],{"class":66},[52,54541,54542,54544,54546,54548],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54543,8204],{"class":58},[52,54545,35],{"class":66},[52,54547,11745],{"class":155},[52,54549,650],{"class":66},[52,54551,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54553,149],{"class":148},[52,54555,152],{"class":66},[52,54557,8204],{"class":155},[52,54559,4056],{"class":66},[52,54561,54562],{"class":1017},"  # []\n",[14,54564,340,54565,54567],{},[49,54566,11683],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[37,54569,4073,54571,4076],{"id":54570},"what-listclear-does",[49,54572,54505],{},[14,54574,54575,84],{},[49,54576,54505],{},[227,54578,54579,54582,54585,54590],{},[230,54580,54581],{},"Removes every item from a list",[230,54583,54584],{},"Changes the original list in place",[230,54586,54587,54588],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[49,54589,4184],{},[230,54591,54592],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54594,54595,54596,54598],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[49,54597,11683],{},", but it contains no values.",[37,54600,2553],{"id":2552},[14,54602,54603],{},"Syntax:",[42,54605,54607],{"className":44,"code":54606,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.clear()\n",[49,54608,54609],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54610,54611,54613,54615,54617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54612,8734],{"class":58},[52,54614,35],{"class":66},[52,54616,11745],{"class":155},[52,54618,650],{"class":66},[14,54620,11820],{},[227,54622,54623,54626,54629],{},[230,54624,54625],{},"Call it on a list object",[230,54627,54628],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[230,54630,54631],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[37,54633,11837],{"id":11836},[14,54635,11840],{},[42,54637,54639],{"className":44,"code":54638,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,54640,54641,54665,54669,54679,54683],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54642,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661,54663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54644,4012],{"class":58},[52,54646,63],{"class":62},[52,54648,4017],{"class":66},[52,54650,2728],{"class":110},[52,54652,193],{"class":66},[52,54654,111],{"class":110},[52,54656,193],{"class":66},[52,54658,1929],{"class":110},[52,54660,193],{"class":66},[52,54662,50998],{"class":110},[52,54664,4030],{"class":66},[52,54666,54667],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54668,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54670,54671,54673,54675,54677],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54672,1578],{"class":58},[52,54674,35],{"class":66},[52,54676,11745],{"class":155},[52,54678,650],{"class":66},[52,54680,54681],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54682,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54684,54685,54687,54689,54691],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,54686,149],{"class":148},[52,54688,152],{"class":66},[52,54690,1578],{"class":155},[52,54692,159],{"class":66},[14,54694,164],{},[42,54696,54697],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,54698,54699],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54700,54701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54702,38446],{"class":66},[14,54704,12041],{},[227,54706,54707,54712,54718],{},[230,54708,54709,54711],{},[49,54710,1578],{}," starts with four items",[230,54713,54714,54717],{},[49,54715,54716],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[230,54719,54720],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54722,54723,54724,35],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[26,54725,52927],{"href":54726},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[37,54728,17554],{"id":17553},[14,54730,54731,2795,54733,35],{},[49,54732,11683],{},[49,54734,4175],{},[14,54736,41056,54737,52823],{},[18,54738,1006],{},[42,54740,54742],{"className":44,"code":54741,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[49,54743,54744,54776,54780,54794,54798,54811],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54745,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54747,8175],{"class":58},[52,54749,63],{"class":62},[52,54751,4017],{"class":66},[52,54753,81],{"class":73},[52,54755,26],{"class":77},[52,54757,81],{"class":73},[52,54759,193],{"class":66},[52,54761,87],{"class":73},[52,54763,5157],{"class":77},[52,54765,81],{"class":73},[52,54767,193],{"class":66},[52,54769,87],{"class":73},[52,54771,10111],{"class":77},[52,54773,81],{"class":73},[52,54775,4030],{"class":66},[52,54777,54778],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54779,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54781,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790,54792],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54783,2626],{"class":58},[52,54785,63],{"class":62},[52,54787,6364],{"class":58},[52,54789,35],{"class":66},[52,54791,11745],{"class":155},[52,54793,650],{"class":66},[52,54795,54796],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54797,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54799,54800,54802,54804,54806,54808],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,54801,149],{"class":148},[52,54803,152],{"class":66},[52,54805,8204],{"class":155},[52,54807,4056],{"class":66},[52,54809,54810],{"class":1017},"   # []\n",[52,54812,54813,54815,54817,54819,54821],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54814,149],{"class":148},[52,54816,152],{"class":66},[52,54818,2661],{"class":155},[52,54820,4056],{"class":66},[52,54822,21013],{"class":1017},[14,54824,54825],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[42,54827,54829],{"className":44,"code":54828,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[49,54830,54831,54851,54865],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54832,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54834,8175],{"class":58},[52,54836,63],{"class":62},[52,54838,4017],{"class":66},[52,54840,1565],{"class":110},[52,54842,193],{"class":66},[52,54844,1570],{"class":110},[52,54846,193],{"class":66},[52,54848,2850],{"class":110},[52,54850,4030],{"class":66},[52,54852,54853,54855,54857,54859,54861,54863],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54854,8175],{"class":58},[52,54856,63],{"class":62},[52,54858,6364],{"class":58},[52,54860,35],{"class":66},[52,54862,11745],{"class":155},[52,54864,650],{"class":66},[52,54866,54867,54869,54871,54873],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54868,149],{"class":148},[52,54870,152],{"class":66},[52,54872,8204],{"class":155},[52,54874,159],{"class":66},[14,54876,12273,54877,42306,54879,54881],{},[49,54878,8204],{},[49,54880,4175],{},", not an empty list.",[37,54883,54885,54887,54888],{"id":54884},"clear-vs-assigning",[49,54886,11683],{}," vs assigning ",[49,54889,4184],{},[14,54891,54892],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[42,54894,54895],{"className":44,"code":54606,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,54896,54897],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54898,54899,54901,54903,54905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54900,8734],{"class":58},[52,54902,35],{"class":66},[52,54904,11745],{"class":155},[52,54906,650],{"class":66},[42,54908,54910],{"className":44,"code":54909,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = []\n",[49,54911,54912],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54913,54914,54916,54918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54915,8703],{"class":58},[52,54917,63],{"class":62},[52,54919,8233],{"class":66},[487,54921,54923,54925],{"id":54922},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[49,54924,11683],{}," empties the same list object",[42,54927,54929],{"className":44,"code":54928,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[49,54930,54931,54951,54959,54963,54973,54977,54989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,54932,54933,54935,54937,54939,54941,54943,54945,54947,54949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54934,2953],{"class":58},[52,54936,63],{"class":62},[52,54938,4017],{"class":66},[52,54940,1565],{"class":110},[52,54942,193],{"class":66},[52,54944,1570],{"class":110},[52,54946,193],{"class":66},[52,54948,2850],{"class":110},[52,54950,4030],{"class":66},[52,54952,54953,54955,54957],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,54954,2981],{"class":58},[52,54956,63],{"class":62},[52,54958,36322],{"class":58},[52,54960,54961],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,54962,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54964,54965,54967,54969,54971],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,54966,26],{"class":58},[52,54968,35],{"class":66},[52,54970,11745],{"class":155},[52,54972,650],{"class":66},[52,54974,54975],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,54976,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,54980,149],{"class":148},[52,54982,152],{"class":66},[52,54984,26],{"class":155},[52,54986,4056],{"class":66},[52,54988,54562],{"class":1017},[52,54990,54991,54993,54995,54997,54999],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,54992,149],{"class":148},[52,54994,152],{"class":66},[52,54996,5157],{"class":155},[52,54998,4056],{"class":66},[52,55000,54562],{"class":1017},[14,55002,10959,55003,2262,55005,55007],{},[49,55004,26],{},[49,55006,5157],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[487,55009,55011,55014],{"id":55010},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[49,55012,55013],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[42,55016,55018],{"className":44,"code":55017,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,55019,55020,55040,55048,55052,55060,55064,55076],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55021,55022,55024,55026,55028,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55023,2953],{"class":58},[52,55025,63],{"class":62},[52,55027,4017],{"class":66},[52,55029,1565],{"class":110},[52,55031,193],{"class":66},[52,55033,1570],{"class":110},[52,55035,193],{"class":66},[52,55037,2850],{"class":110},[52,55039,4030],{"class":66},[52,55041,55042,55044,55046],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55043,2981],{"class":58},[52,55045,63],{"class":62},[52,55047,36322],{"class":58},[52,55049,55050],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55051,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55053,55054,55056,55058],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55055,2953],{"class":58},[52,55057,63],{"class":62},[52,55059,8233],{"class":66},[52,55061,55062],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,55063,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55065,55066,55068,55070,55072,55074],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55067,149],{"class":148},[52,55069,152],{"class":66},[52,55071,26],{"class":155},[52,55073,4056],{"class":66},[52,55075,54562],{"class":1017},[52,55077,55078,55080,55082,55084,55086],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,55079,149],{"class":148},[52,55081,152],{"class":66},[52,55083,5157],{"class":155},[52,55085,4056],{"class":66},[52,55087,55088],{"class":1017},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55090,20908,55091,55093,55094,55096],{},[49,55092,26],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[49,55095,5157],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55098,55099],{},"This difference matters when:",[227,55101,55102,55105,55108],{},[230,55103,55104],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[230,55106,55107],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[230,55109,55110],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55112,55113,55114,35],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[26,55115,55117,55118,2292],{"href":55116},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[49,55119,13134],{},[37,55121,5358,55122],{"id":12795},[49,55123,11683],{},[14,55125,340,55126,6716],{},[49,55127,11683],{},[227,55129,55130,55133,55136],{},[230,55131,55132],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[230,55134,55135],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[230,55137,55138],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55140,511],{},[42,55142,55144],{"className":44,"code":55143,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[49,55145,55146,55182,55186,55191,55202,55206],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55147,55148,55151,55153,55155,55157,55160,55162,55164,55166,55169,55171,55173,55175,55178,55180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55149,55150],{"class":58},"shopping_cart ",[52,55152,63],{"class":62},[52,55154,4017],{"class":66},[52,55156,81],{"class":73},[52,55158,55159],{"class":77},"milk",[52,55161,81],{"class":73},[52,55163,193],{"class":66},[52,55165,87],{"class":73},[52,55167,55168],{"class":77},"bread",[52,55170,81],{"class":73},[52,55172,193],{"class":66},[52,55174,87],{"class":73},[52,55176,55177],{"class":77},"eggs",[52,55179,81],{"class":73},[52,55181,4030],{"class":66},[52,55183,55184],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55185,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55187,55188],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55189,55190],{"class":1017},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[52,55192,55193,55196,55198,55200],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55194,55195],{"class":58},"shopping_cart",[52,55197,35],{"class":66},[52,55199,11745],{"class":155},[52,55201,650],{"class":66},[52,55203,55204],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,55205,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55207,55208,55210,55212,55214,55216],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55209,149],{"class":148},[52,55211,152],{"class":66},[52,55213,55195],{"class":155},[52,55215,4056],{"class":66},[52,55217,54562],{"class":1017},[14,55219,55220,55221,55225,55226,55232,55233,35],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[26,55222,55224],{"href":55223},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[26,55227,55229,2292],{"href":55228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[49,55230,55231],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[26,55234,55236,2292],{"href":55235},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[49,55237,55238],{},"list.pop()",[37,55240,4915],{"id":4914},[487,55242,55244,55245,11456,55248],{"id":55243},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[49,55246,55247],{},"my_list.clear",[49,55249,55250],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55252,55253],{},"This does not call the method.",[42,55255,55257],{"className":44,"code":55256,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[49,55258,55259,55279,55283,55292],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55260,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55262,8175],{"class":58},[52,55264,63],{"class":62},[52,55266,4017],{"class":66},[52,55268,1565],{"class":110},[52,55270,193],{"class":66},[52,55272,1570],{"class":110},[52,55274,193],{"class":66},[52,55276,2850],{"class":110},[52,55278,4030],{"class":66},[52,55280,55281],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55282,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55284,55285,55287,55289],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55286,8204],{"class":58},[52,55288,35],{"class":66},[52,55290,55291],{"class":24889},"clear\n",[52,55293,55294,55296,55298,55300],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55295,149],{"class":148},[52,55297,152],{"class":66},[52,55299,8204],{"class":155},[52,55301,159],{"class":66},[14,55303,164],{},[42,55305,55307],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[49,55308,55309],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55310,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319,55321,55323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55312,1709],{"class":66},[52,55314,1565],{"class":110},[52,55316,193],{"class":66},[52,55318,1570],{"class":110},[52,55320,193],{"class":66},[52,55322,2850],{"class":110},[52,55324,4030],{"class":66},[14,55326,55327],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55329,11172],{},[42,55331,55333],{"className":44,"code":55332,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[49,55334,55335,55355,55359,55369],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55336,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55338,8175],{"class":58},[52,55340,63],{"class":62},[52,55342,4017],{"class":66},[52,55344,1565],{"class":110},[52,55346,193],{"class":66},[52,55348,1570],{"class":110},[52,55350,193],{"class":66},[52,55352,2850],{"class":110},[52,55354,4030],{"class":66},[52,55356,55357],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55358,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55360,55361,55363,55365,55367],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55362,8204],{"class":58},[52,55364,35],{"class":66},[52,55366,11745],{"class":155},[52,55368,650],{"class":66},[52,55370,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55372,149],{"class":148},[52,55374,152],{"class":66},[52,55376,8204],{"class":155},[52,55378,4056],{"class":66},[52,55380,54562],{"class":1017},[487,55382,8849,55384,55386],{"id":55383},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[49,55385,11683],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55388,55389,2795,55391,55393],{},[49,55390,11683],{},[49,55392,4175],{},", not the list.",[42,55395,55397],{"className":44,"code":55396,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[49,55398,55399,55419,55433,55437,55449],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55400,55401,55403,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55402,8175],{"class":58},[52,55404,63],{"class":62},[52,55406,4017],{"class":66},[52,55408,1565],{"class":110},[52,55410,193],{"class":66},[52,55412,1570],{"class":110},[52,55414,193],{"class":66},[52,55416,2850],{"class":110},[52,55418,4030],{"class":66},[52,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427,55429,55431],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55422,2626],{"class":58},[52,55424,63],{"class":62},[52,55426,6364],{"class":58},[52,55428,35],{"class":66},[52,55430,11745],{"class":155},[52,55432,650],{"class":66},[52,55434,55435],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55436,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55438,55439,55441,55443,55445,55447],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55440,149],{"class":148},[52,55442,152],{"class":66},[52,55444,2661],{"class":155},[52,55446,4056],{"class":66},[52,55448,21013],{"class":1017},[52,55450,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,55452,149],{"class":148},[52,55454,152],{"class":66},[52,55456,8204],{"class":155},[52,55458,4056],{"class":66},[52,55460,54810],{"class":1017},[487,55462,8813,55464,55466],{"id":55463},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[49,55465,11683],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55468,55469,55470,55472],{},"Some types have a ",[49,55471,11683],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55474,55475],{},"This will fail:",[42,55477,55479],{"className":44,"code":55478,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[49,55480,55481,55493],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55482,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55484,34832],{"class":58},[52,55486,63],{"class":62},[52,55488,87],{"class":73},[52,55490,4241],{"class":77},[52,55492,297],{"class":73},[52,55494,55495,55497,55499,55501],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55496,34853],{"class":58},[52,55498,35],{"class":66},[52,55500,11745],{"class":155},[52,55502,650],{"class":66},[14,55504,55505,55506,33744],{},"A string does not have a ",[49,55507,11683],{},[14,55509,55510,55511,55513],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[49,55512,4175],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55515,55516],{},"Useful checks:",[42,55518,55520],{"className":44,"code":55519,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[49,55521,55522,55532,55546,55560,55569,55579],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55523,55524,55526,55528,55530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55525,149],{"class":148},[52,55527,152],{"class":66},[52,55529,8734],{"class":155},[52,55531,159],{"class":66},[52,55533,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542,55544],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55535,149],{"class":148},[52,55537,152],{"class":66},[52,55539,734],{"class":646},[52,55541,152],{"class":66},[52,55543,8734],{"class":155},[52,55545,742],{"class":66},[52,55547,55548,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55549,149],{"class":148},[52,55551,152],{"class":66},[52,55553,13006],{"class":148},[52,55555,152],{"class":66},[52,55557,8734],{"class":155},[52,55559,742],{"class":66},[52,55561,55562,55564,55566],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55563,43701],{"class":58},[52,55565,63],{"class":62},[52,55567,55568],{"class":58}," my_list\n",[52,55570,55571,55573,55575,55577],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,55572,8734],{"class":58},[52,55574,35],{"class":66},[52,55576,11745],{"class":155},[52,55578,650],{"class":66},[52,55580,55581,55583,55585,55587],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55582,149],{"class":148},[52,55584,152],{"class":66},[52,55586,30885],{"class":155},[52,55588,159],{"class":66},[14,55590,55591],{},"These can help you see:",[227,55593,55594,55597,55600],{},[230,55595,55596],{},"What the variable currently contains",[230,55598,55599],{},"Whether it is really a list",[230,55601,55602],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55604,55605,55606,35],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[26,55607,55608],{"href":54452},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[37,55610,2220],{"id":2219},[487,55612,13061,55614,55616],{"id":55613},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[49,55615,54505],{}," delete the list?",[14,55618,55619],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[487,55621,13061,55623,55625],{"id":55622},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[49,55624,54505],{}," return a new list?",[14,55627,55628,55629,55631],{},"No. It returns ",[49,55630,4175],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[487,55633,2259,55635,2262,55637,2265],{"id":55634},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[49,55636,11683],{},[49,55638,55013],{},[14,55640,55641,55643,55644,55646],{},[49,55642,11683],{}," empties the same list object. ",[49,55645,55013],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[487,55648,28469,55650,55652],{"id":55649},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[49,55651,11683],{}," on other types?",[14,55654,55655,55656,55658],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[49,55657,11683],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[37,55660,2277],{"id":2276},[227,55662,55663,55667,55672,55679,55686,55692],{},[230,55664,55665],{},[26,55666,52927],{"href":54726},[230,55668,55669],{},[26,55670,55671],{"href":55223},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[230,55673,55674],{},[26,55675,55676,55677,2292],{"href":55235},"Python list ",[49,55678,13120],{},[230,55680,55681],{},[26,55682,55676,55683,2292],{"href":55228},[49,55684,55685],{},"remove()",[230,55687,55688],{},[26,55689,55676,55690,2292],{"href":55116},[49,55691,13134],{},[230,55693,55694],{},[26,55695,30489,55696,33777],{"href":54452},[49,55697,55698],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2315,55700,55701],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":55703},[55704,55705,55707,55708,55709,55710,55717,55718,55726,55736],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":54570,"depth":70,"text":55706},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":54884,"depth":70,"text":55711,"children":55712},"clear() vs assigning []",[55713,55715],{"id":54922,"depth":98,"text":55714},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55010,"depth":98,"text":55716},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12795,"depth":70,"text":13166},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":55719},[55720,55722,55724],{"id":55243,"depth":98,"text":55721},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55383,"depth":98,"text":55723},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55463,"depth":98,"text":55725},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":55727},[55728,55730,55732,55734],{"id":55613,"depth":98,"text":55729},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55622,"depth":98,"text":55731},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55634,"depth":98,"text":55733},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55649,"depth":98,"text":55735},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54492,"description":55737},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55744,"title":55745,"body":55746,"description":57431,"extension":2357,"meta":57432,"navigation":141,"path":57433,"seo":57434,"stem":57435,"__hash__":57436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55747,"toc":57399},[55748,55753,55759,55767,55769,55858,55865,55870,55874,55888,55890,55967,55969,56030,56033,56035,56037,56058,56061,56075,56078,56123,56125,56133,56136,56142,56148,56151,56228,56230,56275,56278,56283,56366,56368,56409,56414,56418,56424,56426,56434,56437,56530,56532,56590,56593,56609,56614,56624,56629,56631,56636,56641,56644,56646,56703,56706,56759,56765,56770,56774,56791,56793,56877,56879,56920,56928,56930,56935,56941,56943,57006,57011,57081,57085,57120,57123,57125,57164,57168,57244,57250,57256,57261,57283,57286,57305,57313,57315,57321,57324,57331,57339,57344,57347,57351,57357,57365,57368,57370,57396],[10,55749,54498,55751,11684],{"id":55750},"python-list-copy-method",[49,55752,13134],{},[14,55754,55755,55758],{},[49,55756,55757],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55760,55761,55762,14408,55764,55766],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[49,55763,63],{},[18,55765,1006],{}," make a real copy.",[37,55768,40],{"id":39},[42,55770,55772],{"className":44,"code":55771,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,55773,55774,55794,55809,55813,55828,55832,55845],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55775,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55777,4012],{"class":58},[52,55779,63],{"class":62},[52,55781,4017],{"class":66},[52,55783,1565],{"class":110},[52,55785,193],{"class":66},[52,55787,1570],{"class":110},[52,55789,193],{"class":66},[52,55791,2850],{"class":110},[52,55793,4030],{"class":66},[52,55795,55796,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55797,55798],{"class":58},"new_numbers ",[52,55800,63],{"class":62},[52,55802,4659],{"class":58},[52,55804,35],{"class":66},[52,55806,13267],{"class":155},[52,55808,650],{"class":66},[52,55810,55811],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55812,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55814,55815,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55816,55817],{"class":58},"new_numbers",[52,55819,35],{"class":66},[52,55821,13909],{"class":155},[52,55823,152],{"class":66},[52,55825,2903],{"class":110},[52,55827,159],{"class":66},[52,55829,55830],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,55831,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55833,55834,55836,55838,55840,55842],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,55835,149],{"class":148},[52,55837,152],{"class":66},[52,55839,1578],{"class":155},[52,55841,4056],{"class":66},[52,55843,55844],{"class":1017},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,55846,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,55848,149],{"class":148},[52,55850,152],{"class":66},[52,55852,55817],{"class":155},[52,55854,4056],{"class":66},[52,55856,55857],{"class":1017},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55859,340,55860,55862,55863,35],{},[49,55861,55757],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[18,55864,13208],{},[37,55866,4073,55868,4076],{"id":55867},"what-listcopy-does",[49,55869,55757],{},[14,55871,55872,84],{},[49,55873,55757],{},[227,55875,55876,55879,55882,55885],{},[230,55877,55878],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[230,55880,55881],{},"Returns that new list",[230,55883,55884],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[230,55886,55887],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55889,511],{},[42,55891,55893],{"className":44,"code":55892,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[49,55894,55895,55927,55942,55946,55956],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55896,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55898,36386],{"class":58},[52,55900,63],{"class":62},[52,55902,4017],{"class":66},[52,55904,81],{"class":73},[52,55906,4474],{"class":77},[52,55908,81],{"class":73},[52,55910,193],{"class":66},[52,55912,87],{"class":73},[52,55914,4483],{"class":77},[52,55916,81],{"class":73},[52,55918,193],{"class":66},[52,55920,87],{"class":73},[52,55922,33364],{"class":77},[52,55924,81],{"class":73},[52,55926,4030],{"class":66},[52,55928,55929,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,55930,55931],{"class":58},"copied_fruits ",[52,55933,63],{"class":62},[52,55935,53007],{"class":58},[52,55937,35],{"class":66},[52,55939,13267],{"class":155},[52,55941,650],{"class":66},[52,55943,55944],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,55945,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,55947,55948,55950,55952,55954],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,55949,149],{"class":148},[52,55951,152],{"class":66},[52,55953,36438],{"class":155},[52,55955,159],{"class":66},[52,55957,55958,55960,55962,55965],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,55959,149],{"class":148},[52,55961,152],{"class":66},[52,55963,55964],{"class":155},"copied_fruits",[52,55966,159],{"class":66},[14,55968,164],{},[42,55970,55972],{"className":44,"code":55971,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[49,55973,55974,56002],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,55975,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55977,1709],{"class":66},[52,55979,177],{"class":73},[52,55981,4474],{"class":77},[52,55983,177],{"class":73},[52,55985,193],{"class":66},[52,55987,186],{"class":73},[52,55989,4483],{"class":77},[52,55991,177],{"class":73},[52,55993,193],{"class":66},[52,55995,186],{"class":73},[52,55997,33364],{"class":77},[52,55999,177],{"class":73},[52,56001,4030],{"class":66},[52,56003,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56005,1709],{"class":66},[52,56007,177],{"class":73},[52,56009,4474],{"class":77},[52,56011,177],{"class":73},[52,56013,193],{"class":66},[52,56015,186],{"class":73},[52,56017,4483],{"class":77},[52,56019,177],{"class":73},[52,56021,193],{"class":66},[52,56023,186],{"class":73},[52,56025,33364],{"class":77},[52,56027,177],{"class":73},[52,56029,4030],{"class":66},[14,56031,56032],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[37,56034,2553],{"id":2552},[14,56036,2556],{},[42,56038,56040],{"className":44,"code":56039,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[49,56041,56042],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56043,56044,56047,56049,56052,56054,56056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56045,56046],{"class":58},"new_list ",[52,56048,63],{"class":62},[52,56050,56051],{"class":58}," old_list",[52,56053,35],{"class":66},[52,56055,13267],{"class":155},[52,56057,650],{"class":66},[14,56059,56060],{},"How it works:",[227,56062,56063,56069,56072],{},[230,56064,56065,56066,56068],{},"Call ",[49,56067,13134],{}," on an existing list",[230,56070,56071],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[230,56073,56074],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56076,56077],{},"Example with an empty list:",[42,56079,56081],{"className":44,"code":56080,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[49,56082,56083,56092,56108,56112],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56084,56085,56088,56090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56086,56087],{"class":58},"empty_list ",[52,56089,63],{"class":62},[52,56091,8233],{"class":66},[52,56093,56094,56097,56099,56102,56104,56106],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56095,56096],{"class":58},"new_empty_list ",[52,56098,63],{"class":62},[52,56100,56101],{"class":58}," empty_list",[52,56103,35],{"class":66},[52,56105,13267],{"class":155},[52,56107,650],{"class":66},[52,56109,56110],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56111,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56113,56114,56116,56118,56121],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56115,149],{"class":148},[52,56117,152],{"class":66},[52,56119,56120],{"class":155},"new_empty_list",[52,56122,159],{"class":66},[14,56124,164],{},[42,56126,56127],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,56128,56129],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56130,56131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56132,38446],{"class":66},[14,56134,56135],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[37,56137,56139,56140],{"id":56138},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[49,56141,63],{},[14,56143,8813,56144,14408,56146,52823],{},[49,56145,63],{},[18,56147,1006],{},[14,56149,56150],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[42,56152,56154],{"className":44,"code":56153,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[49,56155,56156,56176,56185,56189,56204,56208,56218],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56157,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56159,4012],{"class":58},[52,56161,63],{"class":62},[52,56163,4017],{"class":66},[52,56165,1565],{"class":110},[52,56167,193],{"class":66},[52,56169,1570],{"class":110},[52,56171,193],{"class":66},[52,56173,2850],{"class":110},[52,56175,4030],{"class":66},[52,56177,56178,56181,56183],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56179,56180],{"class":58},"same_list ",[52,56182,63],{"class":62},[52,56184,44134],{"class":58},[52,56186,56187],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56188,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56190,56191,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56192,56193],{"class":58},"same_list",[52,56195,35],{"class":66},[52,56197,13909],{"class":155},[52,56199,152],{"class":66},[52,56201,2903],{"class":110},[52,56203,159],{"class":66},[52,56205,56206],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,56207,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56209,56210,56212,56214,56216],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56211,149],{"class":148},[52,56213,152],{"class":66},[52,56215,1578],{"class":155},[52,56217,159],{"class":66},[52,56219,56220,56222,56224,56226],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,56221,149],{"class":148},[52,56223,152],{"class":66},[52,56225,56193],{"class":155},[52,56227,159],{"class":66},[14,56229,164],{},[42,56231,56233],{"className":44,"code":56232,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,56234,56235,56255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56236,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56238,1709],{"class":66},[52,56240,1565],{"class":110},[52,56242,193],{"class":66},[52,56244,1570],{"class":110},[52,56246,193],{"class":66},[52,56248,2850],{"class":110},[52,56250,193],{"class":66},[52,56252,2856],{"class":110},[52,56254,4030],{"class":66},[52,56256,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56258,1709],{"class":66},[52,56260,1565],{"class":110},[52,56262,193],{"class":66},[52,56264,1570],{"class":110},[52,56266,193],{"class":66},[52,56268,2850],{"class":110},[52,56270,193],{"class":66},[52,56272,2856],{"class":110},[52,56274,4030],{"class":66},[14,56276,56277],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56279,56280,56281,84],{},"Now compare that with ",[49,56282,13134],{},[42,56284,56286],{"className":44,"code":56285,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[49,56287,56288,56308,56323,56327,56342,56346,56356],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56289,56290,56292,56294,56296,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56291,4012],{"class":58},[52,56293,63],{"class":62},[52,56295,4017],{"class":66},[52,56297,1565],{"class":110},[52,56299,193],{"class":66},[52,56301,1570],{"class":110},[52,56303,193],{"class":66},[52,56305,2850],{"class":110},[52,56307,4030],{"class":66},[52,56309,56310,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56311,56312],{"class":58},"copied_numbers ",[52,56314,63],{"class":62},[52,56316,4659],{"class":58},[52,56318,35],{"class":66},[52,56320,13267],{"class":155},[52,56322,650],{"class":66},[52,56324,56325],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56326,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56328,56329,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56330,56331],{"class":58},"copied_numbers",[52,56333,35],{"class":66},[52,56335,13909],{"class":155},[52,56337,152],{"class":66},[52,56339,2903],{"class":110},[52,56341,159],{"class":66},[52,56343,56344],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,56345,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56347,56348,56350,56352,56354],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56349,149],{"class":148},[52,56351,152],{"class":66},[52,56353,1578],{"class":155},[52,56355,159],{"class":66},[52,56357,56358,56360,56362,56364],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,56359,149],{"class":148},[52,56361,152],{"class":66},[52,56363,56331],{"class":155},[52,56365,159],{"class":66},[14,56367,164],{},[42,56369,56371],{"className":44,"code":56370,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,56372,56373,56389],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56374,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56376,1709],{"class":66},[52,56378,1565],{"class":110},[52,56380,193],{"class":66},[52,56382,1570],{"class":110},[52,56384,193],{"class":66},[52,56386,2850],{"class":110},[52,56388,4030],{"class":66},[52,56390,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56392,1709],{"class":66},[52,56394,1565],{"class":110},[52,56396,193],{"class":66},[52,56398,1570],{"class":110},[52,56400,193],{"class":66},[52,56402,2850],{"class":110},[52,56404,193],{"class":66},[52,56406,2856],{"class":110},[52,56408,4030],{"class":66},[14,56410,56411,56412,35],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[26,56413,52927],{"href":51134},[37,56415,56417],{"id":56416},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56419,56420,13205,56422,35],{},[49,56421,55757],{},[18,56423,13208],{},[14,56425,2501],{},[227,56427,56428,56431],{},[230,56429,56430],{},"The outer list is new",[230,56432,56433],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56435,56436],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[42,56438,56440],{"className":44,"code":56439,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[49,56441,56442,56469,56483,56487,56506,56510,56520],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56443,56444,56446,56448,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56445,12443],{"class":58},[52,56447,63],{"class":62},[52,56449,56450],{"class":66}," [[",[52,56452,1565],{"class":110},[52,56454,193],{"class":66},[52,56456,1570],{"class":110},[52,56458,18198],{"class":66},[52,56460,4017],{"class":66},[52,56462,2457],{"class":110},[52,56464,193],{"class":66},[52,56466,2856],{"class":110},[52,56468,53398],{"class":66},[52,56470,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56472,14666],{"class":58},[52,56474,63],{"class":62},[52,56476,12518],{"class":58},[52,56478,35],{"class":66},[52,56480,13267],{"class":155},[52,56482,650],{"class":66},[52,56484,56485],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56486,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56488,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56504],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56490,14685],{"class":58},[52,56492,1709],{"class":66},[52,56494,2514],{"class":110},[52,56496,13906],{"class":66},[52,56498,13909],{"class":155},[52,56500,152],{"class":66},[52,56502,56503],{"class":110},"99",[52,56505,159],{"class":66},[52,56507,56508],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,56509,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56511,56512,56514,56516,56518],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56513,149],{"class":148},[52,56515,152],{"class":66},[52,56517,12490],{"class":155},[52,56519,159],{"class":66},[52,56521,56522,56524,56526,56528],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,56523,149],{"class":148},[52,56525,152],{"class":66},[52,56527,14685],{"class":155},[52,56529,159],{"class":66},[14,56531,164],{},[42,56533,56535],{"className":44,"code":56534,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,56536,56537,56564],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56538,56539,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56540,56541],{"class":66},"[[",[52,56543,1565],{"class":110},[52,56545,193],{"class":66},[52,56547,1570],{"class":110},[52,56549,193],{"class":66},[52,56551,10568],{"class":110},[52,56553,18198],{"class":66},[52,56555,4017],{"class":66},[52,56557,2457],{"class":110},[52,56559,193],{"class":66},[52,56561,2856],{"class":110},[52,56563,53398],{"class":66},[52,56565,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56567,56541],{"class":66},[52,56569,1565],{"class":110},[52,56571,193],{"class":66},[52,56573,1570],{"class":110},[52,56575,193],{"class":66},[52,56577,10568],{"class":110},[52,56579,18198],{"class":66},[52,56581,4017],{"class":66},[52,56583,2457],{"class":110},[52,56585,193],{"class":66},[52,56587,2856],{"class":110},[52,56589,53398],{"class":66},[14,56591,56592],{},"Why did both change?",[227,56594,56595,56602],{},[230,56596,56597,2262,56599,56601],{},[49,56598,12490],{},[49,56600,14685],{}," are different outer lists",[230,56603,56604,56605,56608],{},"But the inner list ",[49,56606,56607],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56610,53809,56611,56613],{},[49,56612,13134],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[227,56615,56616,56619,56622],{},[230,56617,56618],{},"Numbers",[230,56620,56621],{},"Strings",[230,56623,40745],{},[14,56625,56626,56627,35],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[26,56628,14146],{"href":14145},[37,56630,17554],{"id":17553},[14,56632,56633,56635],{},[49,56634,55757],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56637,41056,56638,56640],{},[18,56639,1006],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56642,56643],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56645,1785],{},[42,56647,56649],{"className":44,"code":56648,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[49,56650,56651,56675,56689,56693],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56652,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56654,13431],{"class":58},[52,56656,63],{"class":62},[52,56658,4017],{"class":66},[52,56660,81],{"class":73},[52,56662,13448],{"class":77},[52,56664,81],{"class":73},[52,56666,193],{"class":66},[52,56668,87],{"class":73},[52,56670,13465],{"class":77},[52,56672,81],{"class":73},[52,56674,4030],{"class":66},[52,56676,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56678,13474],{"class":58},[52,56680,63],{"class":62},[52,56682,13479],{"class":58},[52,56684,35],{"class":66},[52,56686,13267],{"class":155},[52,56688,650],{"class":66},[52,56690,56691],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56692,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56694,56695,56697,56699,56701],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56696,149],{"class":148},[52,56698,152],{"class":66},[52,56700,13498],{"class":155},[52,56702,159],{"class":66},[14,56704,56705],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[42,56707,56709],{"className":44,"code":56708,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[49,56710,56711,56735,56745,56749],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56712,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56714,13431],{"class":58},[52,56716,63],{"class":62},[52,56718,4017],{"class":66},[52,56720,81],{"class":73},[52,56722,13448],{"class":77},[52,56724,81],{"class":73},[52,56726,193],{"class":66},[52,56728,87],{"class":73},[52,56730,13465],{"class":77},[52,56732,81],{"class":73},[52,56734,4030],{"class":66},[52,56736,56737,56739,56741,56743],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56738,17638],{"class":58},[52,56740,35],{"class":66},[52,56742,13267],{"class":155},[52,56744,650],{"class":66},[52,56746,56747],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56748,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56750,56751,56753,56755,56757],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56752,149],{"class":148},[52,56754,152],{"class":66},[52,56756,17638],{"class":155},[52,56758,159],{"class":66},[14,56760,56761,56762,56764],{},"In the second example, ",[49,56763,13134],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[37,56766,5358,56768],{"id":56767},"when-to-use-listcopy",[49,56769,55757],{},[14,56771,340,56772,10970],{},[49,56773,55757],{},[227,56775,56776,56779,56782,56785],{},[230,56777,56778],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[230,56780,56781],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[230,56783,56784],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[230,56786,56787,56788],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[49,56789,56790],{},"[:]",[14,56792,511],{},[42,56794,56796],{"className":44,"code":56795,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[49,56797,56798,56818,56833,56837,56852,56856,56866],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56799,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56801,1441],{"class":58},[52,56803,63],{"class":62},[52,56805,4017],{"class":66},[52,56807,2728],{"class":110},[52,56809,193],{"class":66},[52,56811,111],{"class":110},[52,56813,193],{"class":66},[52,56815,1929],{"class":110},[52,56817,4030],{"class":66},[52,56819,56820,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56821,56822],{"class":58},"backup_scores ",[52,56824,63],{"class":62},[52,56826,5507],{"class":58},[52,56828,35],{"class":66},[52,56830,13267],{"class":155},[52,56832,650],{"class":66},[52,56834,56835],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56836,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56838,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56850],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56840,1508],{"class":58},[52,56842,35],{"class":66},[52,56844,13909],{"class":155},[52,56846,152],{"class":66},[52,56848,56849],{"class":110},"40",[52,56851,159],{"class":66},[52,56853,56854],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,56855,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56857,56858,56860,56862,56864],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,56859,149],{"class":148},[52,56861,152],{"class":66},[52,56863,1508],{"class":155},[52,56865,159],{"class":66},[52,56867,56868,56870,56872,56875],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,56869,149],{"class":148},[52,56871,152],{"class":66},[52,56873,56874],{"class":155},"backup_scores",[52,56876,159],{"class":66},[14,56878,164],{},[42,56880,56882],{"className":44,"code":56881,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[49,56883,56884,56904],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56885,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894,56896,56898,56900,56902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56887,1709],{"class":66},[52,56889,2728],{"class":110},[52,56891,193],{"class":66},[52,56893,111],{"class":110},[52,56895,193],{"class":66},[52,56897,1929],{"class":110},[52,56899,193],{"class":66},[52,56901,50998],{"class":110},[52,56903,4030],{"class":66},[52,56905,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56907,1709],{"class":66},[52,56909,2728],{"class":110},[52,56911,193],{"class":66},[52,56913,111],{"class":110},[52,56915,193],{"class":66},[52,56917,1929],{"class":110},[52,56919,4030],{"class":66},[14,56921,56922,56923,35],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[26,56924,55676,56926,2292],{"href":56925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[49,56927,52808],{},[37,56929,4915],{"id":4914},[14,56931,56932,56933,35],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[49,56934,55757],{},[487,56936,8813,56938,56940],{"id":56937},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[49,56939,63],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56942,39348],{},[42,56944,56946],{"className":44,"code":56945,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,56947,56948,56968,56976,56990,56994],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,56949,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56951,2953],{"class":58},[52,56953,63],{"class":62},[52,56955,4017],{"class":66},[52,56957,1565],{"class":110},[52,56959,193],{"class":66},[52,56961,1570],{"class":110},[52,56963,193],{"class":66},[52,56965,2850],{"class":110},[52,56967,4030],{"class":66},[52,56969,56970,56972,56974],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,56971,2981],{"class":58},[52,56973,63],{"class":62},[52,56975,36322],{"class":58},[52,56977,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,56979,5157],{"class":58},[52,56981,35],{"class":66},[52,56983,13909],{"class":155},[52,56985,152],{"class":66},[52,56987,2903],{"class":110},[52,56989,159],{"class":66},[52,56991,56992],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,56993,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,56995,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,56997,149],{"class":148},[52,56999,152],{"class":66},[52,57001,26],{"class":155},[52,57003,4056],{"class":66},[52,57005,55857],{"class":1017},[14,57007,57008,57009,7029],{},"Fix: use ",[49,57010,13134],{},[42,57012,57014],{"className":44,"code":57013,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,57015,57016,57036,57051,57065,57069],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57017,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032,57034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57019,2953],{"class":58},[52,57021,63],{"class":62},[52,57023,4017],{"class":66},[52,57025,1565],{"class":110},[52,57027,193],{"class":66},[52,57029,1570],{"class":110},[52,57031,193],{"class":66},[52,57033,2850],{"class":110},[52,57035,4030],{"class":66},[52,57037,57038,57040,57042,57045,57047,57049],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57039,2981],{"class":58},[52,57041,63],{"class":62},[52,57043,57044],{"class":58}," a",[52,57046,35],{"class":66},[52,57048,13267],{"class":155},[52,57050,650],{"class":66},[52,57052,57053,57055,57057,57059,57061,57063],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,57054,5157],{"class":58},[52,57056,35],{"class":66},[52,57058,13909],{"class":155},[52,57060,152],{"class":66},[52,57062,2903],{"class":110},[52,57064,159],{"class":66},[52,57066,57067],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,57068,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,57070,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,57072,149],{"class":148},[52,57074,152],{"class":66},[52,57076,26],{"class":155},[52,57078,4056],{"class":66},[52,57080,55088],{"class":1017},[487,57082,57084],{"id":57083},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[42,57086,57088],{"className":44,"code":57087,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[49,57089,57090,57110],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57091,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57093,4012],{"class":58},[52,57095,63],{"class":62},[52,57097,4017],{"class":66},[52,57099,1565],{"class":110},[52,57101,193],{"class":66},[52,57103,1570],{"class":110},[52,57105,193],{"class":66},[52,57107,2850],{"class":110},[52,57109,4030],{"class":66},[52,57111,57112,57114,57116,57118],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57113,1578],{"class":58},[52,57115,35],{"class":66},[52,57117,13267],{"class":155},[52,57119,650],{"class":66},[14,57121,57122],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57124,39411],{},[42,57126,57128],{"className":44,"code":57127,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[49,57129,57130,57150],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57131,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146,57148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57133,4012],{"class":58},[52,57135,63],{"class":62},[52,57137,4017],{"class":66},[52,57139,1565],{"class":110},[52,57141,193],{"class":66},[52,57143,1570],{"class":110},[52,57145,193],{"class":66},[52,57147,2850],{"class":110},[52,57149,4030],{"class":66},[52,57151,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160,57162],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57153,56312],{"class":58},[52,57155,63],{"class":62},[52,57157,4659],{"class":58},[52,57159,35],{"class":66},[52,57161,13267],{"class":155},[52,57163,650],{"class":66},[487,57165,57167],{"id":57166},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[42,57169,57171],{"className":44,"code":57170,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[49,57172,57173,57191,57205,57209,57227,57231],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57176,2953],{"class":58},[52,57178,63],{"class":62},[52,57180,56450],{"class":66},[52,57182,1565],{"class":110},[52,57184,18198],{"class":66},[52,57186,4017],{"class":66},[52,57188,2451],{"class":110},[52,57190,53398],{"class":66},[52,57192,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57194,2981],{"class":58},[52,57196,63],{"class":62},[52,57198,57044],{"class":58},[52,57200,35],{"class":66},[52,57202,13267],{"class":155},[52,57204,650],{"class":66},[52,57206,57207],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,57208,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,57210,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,57212,5157],{"class":58},[52,57214,1709],{"class":66},[52,57216,2514],{"class":110},[52,57218,13906],{"class":66},[52,57220,13909],{"class":155},[52,57222,152],{"class":66},[52,57224,56503],{"class":110},[52,57226,159],{"class":66},[52,57228,57229],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,57230,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,57232,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,57234,149],{"class":148},[52,57236,152],{"class":66},[52,57238,26],{"class":155},[52,57240,4056],{"class":66},[52,57242,57243],{"class":1017},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57245,57246,57247,57249],{},"Fix: remember that ",[49,57248,55757],{}," is shallow.",[487,57251,25756,57253,57255],{"id":57252},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[49,57254,13134],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57257,57258,57260],{},[49,57259,13134],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[42,57262,57264],{"className":44,"code":57263,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[49,57265,57266,57278],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57267,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57269,8271],{"class":58},[52,57271,63],{"class":62},[52,57273,87],{"class":73},[52,57275,5401],{"class":77},[52,57277,297],{"class":73},[52,57279,57280],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57281,57282],{"class":1017},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57284,57285],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[42,57287,57289],{"className":44,"code":57288,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(name))\n",[49,57290,57291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57292,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57294,149],{"class":148},[52,57296,152],{"class":66},[52,57298,734],{"class":646},[52,57300,152],{"class":66},[52,57302,78],{"class":155},[52,57304,742],{"class":66},[14,57306,57307,57308,57312],{},"You can also review ",[26,57309,57311],{"href":57310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[37,57314,2220],{"id":2219},[487,57316,13061,57318,57320],{"id":57317},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[49,57319,55757],{}," change the original list?",[14,57322,57323],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[487,57325,2259,57327,2262,57329,2265],{"id":57326},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[49,57328,55757],{},[49,57330,63],{},[14,57332,57333,57335,57336,57338],{},[49,57334,13134],{}," creates a new list. ",[49,57337,63],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[487,57340,15257,57342,15260],{"id":57341},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[49,57343,55757],{},[14,57345,57346],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[487,57348,57350],{"id":57349},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57352,42303,57353,57356],{},[49,57354,57355],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[487,57358,15257,57360,57362,57363,2265],{"id":57359},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[49,57361,55757],{}," the same as ",[49,57364,56790],{},[14,57366,57367],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[37,57369,2277],{"id":2276},[227,57371,57372,57377,57381,57386,57392],{},[230,57373,57374],{},[26,57375,15319],{"href":57376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[230,57378,57379],{},[26,57380,52927],{"href":51134},[230,57382,57383],{},[26,57384,57385],{"href":57310},"Creating a list in Python",[230,57387,57388],{},[26,57389,55676,57390,2292],{"href":56925},[49,57391,52808],{},[230,57393,57394],{},[26,57395,14146],{"href":14145},[2315,57397,57398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":57400},[57401,57402,57404,57405,57407,57408,57409,57411,57419,57430],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":55867,"depth":70,"text":57403},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":56138,"depth":70,"text":57406},"Why not use =",{"id":56416,"depth":70,"text":56417},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":56767,"depth":70,"text":57410},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":57412},[57413,57415,57416,57417],{"id":56937,"depth":98,"text":57414},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57083,"depth":98,"text":57084},{"id":57166,"depth":98,"text":57167},{"id":57252,"depth":98,"text":57418},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":57420},[57421,57423,57425,57427,57428],{"id":57317,"depth":98,"text":57422},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57326,"depth":98,"text":57424},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57341,"depth":98,"text":57426},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57349,"depth":98,"text":57350},{"id":57359,"depth":98,"text":57429},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55745,"description":57431},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57438,"title":57439,"body":57440,"description":59182,"extension":2357,"meta":59183,"navigation":141,"path":59184,"seo":59185,"stem":59186,"__hash__":59187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57441,"toc":59141},[57442,57448,57454,57457,57468,57471,57473,57536,57542,57547,57551,57565,57568,57573,57578,57580,57582,57601,57613,57615,57682,57684,57692,57697,57699,57707,57710,57727,57729,57853,57864,57868,57873,57876,57878,57896,57900,57986,57995,58003,58072,58074,58077,58089,58094,58098,58169,58172,58176,58180,58245,58247,58255,58259,58342,58344,58352,58356,58417,58419,58427,58431,58518,58520,58528,58533,58538,58541,58552,58554,58639,58644,58653,58655,58659,58663,58668,58730,58734,58742,58748,58757,58762,58811,58814,58835,58839,58901,58908,58913,58916,59003,59006,59017,59020,59040,59042,59048,59051,59055,59059,59065,59068,59074,59081,59089,59100,59102,59138],[10,57443,54498,57445,11684],{"id":57444},"python-list-count-method",[49,57446,57447],{},"count()",[14,57449,57450,57453],{},[49,57451,57452],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57455,57456],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[227,57458,57459,57462,57465],{},[230,57460,57461],{},"count one specific item",[230,57463,57464],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[230,57466,57467],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57469,57470],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[37,57472,4002],{"id":4001},[42,57474,57476],{"className":44,"code":57475,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[49,57477,57478,57506,57524],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57479,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57481,4012],{"class":58},[52,57483,63],{"class":62},[52,57485,4017],{"class":66},[52,57487,1565],{"class":110},[52,57489,193],{"class":66},[52,57491,1570],{"class":110},[52,57493,193],{"class":66},[52,57495,1570],{"class":110},[52,57497,193],{"class":66},[52,57499,2850],{"class":110},[52,57501,193],{"class":66},[52,57503,1570],{"class":110},[52,57505,4030],{"class":66},[52,57507,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57509,2626],{"class":58},[52,57511,63],{"class":62},[52,57513,4659],{"class":58},[52,57515,35],{"class":66},[52,57517,41410],{"class":155},[52,57519,152],{"class":66},[52,57521,2451],{"class":110},[52,57523,159],{"class":66},[52,57525,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,57527,149],{"class":148},[52,57529,152],{"class":66},[52,57531,2661],{"class":155},[52,57533,4056],{"class":66},[52,57535,50925],{"class":1017},[14,57537,340,57538,57541],{},[49,57539,57540],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[37,57543,4073,57545,4076],{"id":57544},"what-listcount-does",[49,57546,57452],{},[14,57548,57549,84],{},[49,57550,57452],{},[227,57552,57553,57556,57559,57562],{},[230,57554,57555],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[230,57557,57558],{},"returns an integer",[230,57560,57561],{},"does not change the original list",[230,57563,57564],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57566,57567],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57569,57570,57571,35],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[49,57572,2457],{},[14,57574,57575,57576,35],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[49,57577,2514],{},[37,57579,2553],{"id":2552},[14,57581,2556],{},[42,57583,57585],{"className":44,"code":57584,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.count(value)\n",[49,57586,57587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57588,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57590,8734],{"class":58},[52,57592,35],{"class":66},[52,57594,41410],{"class":155},[52,57596,152],{"class":66},[52,57598,263],{"class":155},[52,57600,159],{"class":66},[227,57602,57603,57608],{},[230,57604,57605,57607],{},[49,57606,8734],{}," is the list you want to search",[230,57609,57610,57612],{},[49,57611,263],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57614,511],{},[42,57616,57618],{"className":44,"code":57617,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[49,57619,57620,57660],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57621,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57623,36237],{"class":58},[52,57625,63],{"class":62},[52,57627,4017],{"class":66},[52,57629,81],{"class":73},[52,57631,26],{"class":77},[52,57633,81],{"class":73},[52,57635,193],{"class":66},[52,57637,87],{"class":73},[52,57639,5157],{"class":77},[52,57641,81],{"class":73},[52,57643,193],{"class":66},[52,57645,87],{"class":73},[52,57647,26],{"class":77},[52,57649,81],{"class":73},[52,57651,193],{"class":66},[52,57653,87],{"class":73},[52,57655,10111],{"class":77},[52,57657,81],{"class":73},[52,57659,4030],{"class":66},[52,57661,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57663,149],{"class":148},[52,57665,152],{"class":66},[52,57667,36290],{"class":155},[52,57669,35],{"class":66},[52,57671,41410],{"class":155},[52,57673,152],{"class":66},[52,57675,81],{"class":73},[52,57677,26],{"class":77},[52,57679,81],{"class":73},[52,57681,742],{"class":66},[14,57683,164],{},[42,57685,57686],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,57687,57688],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57689,57690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57691,2192],{"class":110},[14,57693,57694,57695,35],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[49,57696,2514],{},[37,57698,38169],{"id":38168},[14,57700,57701,57702,57704,57705,35],{},"The return value from ",[49,57703,57447],{}," is always an ",[49,57706,2585],{},[14,57708,57709],{},"Possible results:",[227,57711,57712,57717,57722],{},[230,57713,57714,57716],{},[49,57715,2514],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[230,57718,57719,57721],{},[49,57720,1565],{}," if it appears once",[230,57723,57724,57726],{},[49,57725,2451],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57728,511],{},[42,57730,57732],{"className":44,"code":57731,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[49,57733,57734,57774,57778,57803,57828],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57735,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57737,13431],{"class":58},[52,57739,63],{"class":62},[52,57741,4017],{"class":66},[52,57743,81],{"class":73},[52,57745,13448],{"class":77},[52,57747,81],{"class":73},[52,57749,193],{"class":66},[52,57751,87],{"class":73},[52,57753,13465],{"class":77},[52,57755,81],{"class":73},[52,57757,193],{"class":66},[52,57759,87],{"class":73},[52,57761,17591],{"class":77},[52,57763,81],{"class":73},[52,57765,193],{"class":66},[52,57767,87],{"class":73},[52,57769,13465],{"class":77},[52,57771,81],{"class":73},[52,57773,4030],{"class":66},[52,57775,57776],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57777,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,57779,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,57781,149],{"class":148},[52,57783,152],{"class":66},[52,57785,17638],{"class":155},[52,57787,35],{"class":66},[52,57789,41410],{"class":155},[52,57791,152],{"class":66},[52,57793,81],{"class":73},[52,57795,13465],{"class":77},[52,57797,81],{"class":73},[52,57799,5758],{"class":66},[52,57801,57802],{"class":1017},"   # 2\n",[52,57804,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,57806,149],{"class":148},[52,57808,152],{"class":66},[52,57810,17638],{"class":155},[52,57812,35],{"class":66},[52,57814,41410],{"class":155},[52,57816,152],{"class":66},[52,57818,81],{"class":73},[52,57820,13448],{"class":77},[52,57822,81],{"class":73},[52,57824,5758],{"class":66},[52,57826,57827],{"class":1017},"    # 1\n",[52,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,57831,149],{"class":148},[52,57833,152],{"class":66},[52,57835,17638],{"class":155},[52,57837,35],{"class":66},[52,57839,41410],{"class":155},[52,57841,152],{"class":66},[52,57843,81],{"class":73},[52,57845,22662],{"class":77},[52,57847,81],{"class":73},[52,57849,5758],{"class":66},[52,57851,57852],{"class":1017}," # 0\n",[14,57854,57855,57856,57858,57859,57861,57862,35],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[49,57857,57447],{}," works, but using ",[49,57860,4279],{}," is often simpler. See ",[26,57863,6597],{"href":6596},[37,57865,57867],{"id":57866},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57869,57870,57872],{},[49,57871,57452],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57874,57875],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57877,43802],{},[227,57879,57880,57883,57886,57893],{},[230,57881,57882],{},"matches are based on equality",[230,57884,57885],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[230,57887,57888,2262,57890,57892],{},[49,57889,1565],{},[49,57891,862],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[230,57894,57895],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[487,57897,57899],{"id":57898},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[42,57901,57903],{"className":44,"code":57902,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[49,57904,57905,57938,57962],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,57906,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57908,4465],{"class":58},[52,57910,63],{"class":62},[52,57912,4017],{"class":66},[52,57914,81],{"class":73},[52,57916,4474],{"class":77},[52,57918,81],{"class":73},[52,57920,193],{"class":66},[52,57922,87],{"class":73},[52,57924,57925],{"class":77},"Apple",[52,57927,81],{"class":73},[52,57929,193],{"class":66},[52,57931,87],{"class":73},[52,57933,4474],{"class":77},[52,57935,81],{"class":73},[52,57937,4030],{"class":66},[52,57939,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,57941,149],{"class":148},[52,57943,152],{"class":66},[52,57945,4509],{"class":155},[52,57947,35],{"class":66},[52,57949,41410],{"class":155},[52,57951,152],{"class":66},[52,57953,81],{"class":73},[52,57955,4474],{"class":77},[52,57957,81],{"class":73},[52,57959,5758],{"class":66},[52,57961,51570],{"class":1017},[52,57963,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,57965,149],{"class":148},[52,57967,152],{"class":66},[52,57969,4509],{"class":155},[52,57971,35],{"class":66},[52,57973,41410],{"class":155},[52,57975,152],{"class":66},[52,57977,81],{"class":73},[52,57979,57925],{"class":77},[52,57981,81],{"class":73},[52,57983,5758],{"class":66},[52,57985,27920],{"class":1017},[14,57987,57988,2262,57991,57994],{},[49,57989,57990],{},"\"apple\"",[49,57992,57993],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[487,57996,57998,2262,58000,58002],{"id":57997},"_1-and-true-can-match",[49,57999,1565],{},[49,58001,862],{}," can match",[42,58004,58006],{"className":44,"code":58005,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[49,58007,58008,58032,58052],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58009,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58011,4218],{"class":58},[52,58013,63],{"class":62},[52,58015,4017],{"class":66},[52,58017,1565],{"class":110},[52,58019,193],{"class":66},[52,58021,216],{"class":128},[52,58023,193],{"class":66},[52,58025,1570],{"class":110},[52,58027,193],{"class":66},[52,58029,5895],{"class":110},[52,58031,4030],{"class":66},[52,58033,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58035,149],{"class":148},[52,58037,152],{"class":66},[52,58039,2071],{"class":155},[52,58041,35],{"class":66},[52,58043,41410],{"class":155},[52,58045,152],{"class":66},[52,58047,1565],{"class":110},[52,58049,5758],{"class":66},[52,58051,51073],{"class":1017},[52,58053,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58055,149],{"class":148},[52,58057,152],{"class":66},[52,58059,2071],{"class":155},[52,58061,35],{"class":66},[52,58063,41410],{"class":155},[52,58065,152],{"class":66},[52,58067,862],{"class":128},[52,58069,5758],{"class":66},[52,58071,50925],{"class":1017},[14,58073,4806],{},[14,58075,58076],{},"In Python:",[227,58078,58079,58084],{},[230,58080,58081],{},[49,58082,58083],{},"True == 1",[230,58085,58086],{},[49,58087,58088],{},"False == 0",[14,58090,53809,58091,58093],{},[49,58092,57447],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[487,58095,58097],{"id":58096},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[42,58099,58101],{"className":44,"code":58100,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[49,58102,58103,58145],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58104,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58106,8175],{"class":58},[52,58108,63],{"class":62},[52,58110,56450],{"class":66},[52,58112,1565],{"class":110},[52,58114,193],{"class":66},[52,58116,1570],{"class":110},[52,58118,18198],{"class":66},[52,58120,4017],{"class":66},[52,58122,2457],{"class":110},[52,58124,193],{"class":66},[52,58126,2856],{"class":110},[52,58128,18198],{"class":66},[52,58130,4017],{"class":66},[52,58132,1565],{"class":110},[52,58134,193],{"class":66},[52,58136,1570],{"class":110},[52,58138,18198],{"class":66},[52,58140,4017],{"class":66},[52,58142,1565],{"class":110},[52,58144,53398],{"class":66},[52,58146,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58148,149],{"class":148},[52,58150,152],{"class":66},[52,58152,8204],{"class":155},[52,58154,35],{"class":66},[52,58156,41410],{"class":155},[52,58158,2152],{"class":66},[52,58160,1565],{"class":110},[52,58162,193],{"class":66},[52,58164,1570],{"class":110},[52,58166,5131],{"class":66},[52,58168,51570],{"class":1017},[14,58170,58171],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[37,58173,58175],{"id":58174},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[487,58177,58179],{"id":58178},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[42,58181,58183],{"className":44,"code":58182,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,58184,58185,58213,58231,58235],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58186,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58188,4012],{"class":58},[52,58190,63],{"class":62},[52,58192,4017],{"class":66},[52,58194,2728],{"class":110},[52,58196,193],{"class":66},[52,58198,111],{"class":110},[52,58200,193],{"class":66},[52,58202,6403],{"class":110},[52,58204,193],{"class":66},[52,58206,1929],{"class":110},[52,58208,193],{"class":66},[52,58210,6403],{"class":110},[52,58212,4030],{"class":66},[52,58214,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58216,2626],{"class":58},[52,58218,63],{"class":62},[52,58220,4659],{"class":58},[52,58222,35],{"class":66},[52,58224,41410],{"class":155},[52,58226,152],{"class":66},[52,58228,2728],{"class":110},[52,58230,159],{"class":66},[52,58232,58233],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58234,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,58236,58237,58239,58241,58243],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,58238,149],{"class":148},[52,58240,152],{"class":66},[52,58242,2661],{"class":155},[52,58244,159],{"class":66},[14,58246,164],{},[42,58248,58249],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,58250,58251],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58252,58253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58254,46770],{"class":110},[487,58256,58258],{"id":58257},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[42,58260,58262],{"className":44,"code":58261,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,58263,58264,58306,58328,58332],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58265,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58302,58304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58267,4465],{"class":58},[52,58269,63],{"class":62},[52,58271,4017],{"class":66},[52,58273,81],{"class":73},[52,58275,37195],{"class":77},[52,58277,81],{"class":73},[52,58279,193],{"class":66},[52,58281,87],{"class":73},[52,58283,58284],{"class":77},"dog",[52,58286,81],{"class":73},[52,58288,193],{"class":66},[52,58290,87],{"class":73},[52,58292,37195],{"class":77},[52,58294,81],{"class":73},[52,58296,193],{"class":66},[52,58298,87],{"class":73},[52,58300,58301],{"class":77},"bird",[52,58303,81],{"class":73},[52,58305,4030],{"class":66},[52,58307,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58309,2626],{"class":58},[52,58311,63],{"class":62},[52,58313,6567],{"class":58},[52,58315,35],{"class":66},[52,58317,41410],{"class":155},[52,58319,152],{"class":66},[52,58321,81],{"class":73},[52,58323,37195],{"class":77},[52,58325,81],{"class":73},[52,58327,159],{"class":66},[52,58329,58330],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58331,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,58333,58334,58336,58338,58340],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,58335,149],{"class":148},[52,58337,152],{"class":66},[52,58339,2661],{"class":155},[52,58341,159],{"class":66},[14,58343,164],{},[42,58345,58346],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,58347,58348],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58349,58350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58351,2192],{"class":110},[487,58353,58355],{"id":58354},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[42,58357,58359],{"className":44,"code":58358,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,58360,58361,58385,58403,58407],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58362,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58364,4012],{"class":58},[52,58366,63],{"class":62},[52,58368,4017],{"class":66},[52,58370,1565],{"class":110},[52,58372,193],{"class":66},[52,58374,1570],{"class":110},[52,58376,193],{"class":66},[52,58378,2850],{"class":110},[52,58380,193],{"class":66},[52,58382,2856],{"class":110},[52,58384,4030],{"class":66},[52,58386,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58388,2626],{"class":58},[52,58390,63],{"class":62},[52,58392,4659],{"class":58},[52,58394,35],{"class":66},[52,58396,41410],{"class":155},[52,58398,152],{"class":66},[52,58400,2531],{"class":110},[52,58402,159],{"class":66},[52,58404,58405],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58406,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,58408,58409,58411,58413,58415],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,58410,149],{"class":148},[52,58412,152],{"class":66},[52,58414,2661],{"class":155},[52,58416,159],{"class":66},[14,58418,164],{},[42,58420,58421],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,58422,58423],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58424,58425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58426,47405],{"class":110},[487,58428,58430],{"id":58429},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[42,58432,58434],{"className":44,"code":58433,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,58435,58436,58482,58504,58508],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58437,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58439,616],{"class":58},[52,58441,63],{"class":62},[52,58443,56450],{"class":66},[52,58445,1565],{"class":110},[52,58447,193],{"class":66},[52,58449,1570],{"class":110},[52,58451,18198],{"class":66},[52,58453,4017],{"class":66},[52,58455,1565],{"class":110},[52,58457,193],{"class":66},[52,58459,1570],{"class":110},[52,58461,18198],{"class":66},[52,58463,4017],{"class":66},[52,58465,2451],{"class":110},[52,58467,193],{"class":66},[52,58469,2850],{"class":110},[52,58471,18198],{"class":66},[52,58473,4017],{"class":66},[52,58475,1565],{"class":110},[52,58477,193],{"class":66},[52,58479,1570],{"class":110},[52,58481,53398],{"class":66},[52,58483,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58485,2626],{"class":58},[52,58487,63],{"class":62},[52,58489,14921],{"class":58},[52,58491,35],{"class":66},[52,58493,41410],{"class":155},[52,58495,2152],{"class":66},[52,58497,1565],{"class":110},[52,58499,193],{"class":66},[52,58501,1570],{"class":110},[52,58503,1718],{"class":66},[52,58505,58506],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58507,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,58509,58510,58512,58514,58516],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,58511,149],{"class":148},[52,58513,152],{"class":66},[52,58515,2661],{"class":155},[52,58517,159],{"class":66},[14,58519,164],{},[42,58521,58522],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,58523,58524],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58525,58526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58527,46770],{"class":110},[37,58529,5358,58531],{"id":58530},"when-to-use-count",[49,58532,57447],{},[14,58534,340,58535,58537],{},[49,58536,57447],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58539,58540],{},"Good use cases:",[227,58542,58543,58546,58549],{},[230,58544,58545],{},"counting one specific item",[230,58547,58548],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[230,58550,58551],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58553,511],{},[42,58555,58557],{"className":44,"code":58556,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[49,58558,58559,58600,58624,58628],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58560,58561,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58562,58563],{"class":58},"votes ",[52,58565,63],{"class":62},[52,58567,4017],{"class":66},[52,58569,81],{"class":73},[52,58571,9054],{"class":77},[52,58573,81],{"class":73},[52,58575,193],{"class":66},[52,58577,87],{"class":73},[52,58579,8994],{"class":77},[52,58581,81],{"class":73},[52,58583,193],{"class":66},[52,58585,87],{"class":73},[52,58587,9054],{"class":77},[52,58589,81],{"class":73},[52,58591,193],{"class":66},[52,58593,87],{"class":73},[52,58595,9054],{"class":77},[52,58597,81],{"class":73},[52,58599,4030],{"class":66},[52,58601,58602,58605,58607,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58603,58604],{"class":58},"yes_votes ",[52,58606,63],{"class":62},[52,58608,58609],{"class":58}," votes",[52,58611,35],{"class":66},[52,58613,41410],{"class":155},[52,58615,152],{"class":66},[52,58617,81],{"class":73},[52,58619,9054],{"class":77},[52,58621,81],{"class":73},[52,58623,159],{"class":66},[52,58625,58626],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58627,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,58629,58630,58632,58634,58637],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,58631,149],{"class":148},[52,58633,152],{"class":66},[52,58635,58636],{"class":155},"yes_votes",[52,58638,159],{"class":66},[14,58640,58641,58643],{},[49,58642,57447],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58645,58646,58647,2262,58649,35],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[26,58648,52927],{"href":51134},[26,58650,58652],{"href":58651},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[37,58654,1743],{"id":1742},[14,58656,8843,58657,35],{},[49,58658,57452],{},[487,58660,58662],{"id":58661},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58664,58665,58667],{},[49,58666,57452],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[42,58669,58671],{"className":44,"code":58670,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[49,58672,58673,58706],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58674,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58676,4465],{"class":58},[52,58678,63],{"class":62},[52,58680,4017],{"class":66},[52,58682,81],{"class":73},[52,58684,58685],{"class":77},"apple pie",[52,58687,81],{"class":73},[52,58689,193],{"class":66},[52,58691,87],{"class":73},[52,58693,4483],{"class":77},[52,58695,81],{"class":73},[52,58697,193],{"class":66},[52,58699,87],{"class":73},[52,58701,58685],{"class":77},[52,58703,81],{"class":73},[52,58705,4030],{"class":66},[52,58707,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58709,149],{"class":148},[52,58711,152],{"class":66},[52,58713,4509],{"class":155},[52,58715,35],{"class":66},[52,58717,41410],{"class":155},[52,58719,152],{"class":66},[52,58721,81],{"class":73},[52,58723,4474],{"class":77},[52,58725,81],{"class":73},[52,58727,5758],{"class":66},[52,58729,51402],{"class":1017},[14,58731,2887,58732,2265],{},[49,58733,2514],{},[14,58735,29202,58736,58738,58739,35],{},[49,58737,57990],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[49,58740,58741],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58743,58744,58745,35],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[49,58746,58747],{},"str.count()",[487,58749,8849,58751,8852,58753,30,58755],{"id":58750},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[49,58752,57447],{},[49,58754,862],{},[49,58756,4069],{},[14,58758,58759,58761],{},[49,58760,57447],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[42,58763,58765],{"className":44,"code":58764,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[49,58766,58767,58791],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58768,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58770,4012],{"class":58},[52,58772,63],{"class":62},[52,58774,4017],{"class":66},[52,58776,1565],{"class":110},[52,58778,193],{"class":66},[52,58780,1570],{"class":110},[52,58782,193],{"class":66},[52,58784,1570],{"class":110},[52,58786,193],{"class":66},[52,58788,2850],{"class":110},[52,58790,4030],{"class":66},[52,58792,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58794,149],{"class":148},[52,58796,152],{"class":66},[52,58798,1578],{"class":155},[52,58800,35],{"class":66},[52,58802,41410],{"class":155},[52,58804,152],{"class":66},[52,58806,2451],{"class":110},[52,58808,5758],{"class":66},[52,58810,51570],{"class":1017},[14,58812,58813],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[42,58815,58817],{"className":44,"code":58816,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[49,58818,58819],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58820,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58822,149],{"class":148},[52,58824,152],{"class":66},[52,58826,2451],{"class":110},[52,58828,21311],{"class":4272},[52,58830,4659],{"class":155},[52,58832,4056],{"class":66},[52,58834,4059],{"class":1017},[487,58836,58838],{"id":58837},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[42,58840,58842],{"className":44,"code":58841,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[49,58843,58844,58877],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58845,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58873,58875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58847,5392],{"class":58},[52,58849,63],{"class":62},[52,58851,4017],{"class":66},[52,58853,81],{"class":73},[52,58855,976],{"class":77},[52,58857,81],{"class":73},[52,58859,193],{"class":66},[52,58861,87],{"class":73},[52,58863,20355],{"class":77},[52,58865,81],{"class":73},[52,58867,193],{"class":66},[52,58869,87],{"class":73},[52,58871,58872],{"class":77},"SAM",[52,58874,81],{"class":73},[52,58876,4030],{"class":66},[52,58878,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58880,149],{"class":148},[52,58882,152],{"class":66},[52,58884,5436],{"class":155},[52,58886,35],{"class":66},[52,58888,41410],{"class":155},[52,58890,152],{"class":66},[52,58892,81],{"class":73},[52,58894,20355],{"class":77},[52,58896,81],{"class":73},[52,58898,5758],{"class":66},[52,58900,27920],{"class":1017},[14,58902,58903,58904,58907],{},"Only the exact string ",[49,58905,58906],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[487,58909,29791,58911,33692],{"id":58910},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[49,58912,57447],{},[14,58914,58915],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[42,58917,58919],{"className":44,"code":58918,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[49,58920,58921,58931,58945,58963,58977,58989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,58922,58923,58925,58927,58929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58924,149],{"class":148},[52,58926,152],{"class":66},[52,58928,8734],{"class":155},[52,58930,159],{"class":66},[52,58932,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,58934,149],{"class":148},[52,58936,152],{"class":66},[52,58938,734],{"class":646},[52,58940,152],{"class":66},[52,58942,8734],{"class":155},[52,58944,742],{"class":66},[52,58946,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,58948,149],{"class":148},[52,58950,152],{"class":66},[52,58952,8734],{"class":155},[52,58954,35],{"class":66},[52,58956,41410],{"class":155},[52,58958,152],{"class":66},[52,58960,263],{"class":155},[52,58962,742],{"class":66},[52,58964,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,58966,149],{"class":148},[52,58968,152],{"class":66},[52,58970,2845],{"class":155},[52,58972,4279],{"class":4272},[52,58974,8791],{"class":155},[52,58976,159],{"class":66},[52,58978,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,58980,6356],{"class":4272},[52,58982,6359],{"class":58},[52,58984,4279],{"class":4272},[52,58986,8791],{"class":58},[52,58988,6792],{"class":66},[52,58990,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,58992,8463],{"class":148},[52,58994,152],{"class":66},[52,58996,41930],{"class":148},[52,58998,152],{"class":66},[52,59000,23449],{"class":155},[52,59002,742],{"class":66},[14,59004,59005],{},"These checks can help you see:",[227,59007,59008,59011,59014],{},[230,59009,59010],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[230,59012,59013],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[230,59015,59016],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59018,59019],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[227,59021,59022,59027,59030,59037],{},[230,59023,50646,59024,59026],{},[49,59025,57447],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[230,59028,59029],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[230,59031,11471,59032,59034,59035],{},[49,59033,57452],{}," with string ",[49,59036,57447],{},[230,59038,59039],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[37,59041,2220],{"id":2219},[487,59043,13061,59045,59047],{"id":59044},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[49,59046,57452],{}," change the list?",[14,59049,59050],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[487,59052,59054],{"id":59053},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59056,12268,59057,35],{},[49,59058,2514],{},[487,59060,5567,59062,59064],{"id":59061},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[49,59063,57452],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59066,59067],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[487,59069,15257,59071,59073],{"id":59070},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[49,59072,57452],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59075,42303,59076,2262,59078,59080],{},[49,59077,57993],{},[49,59079,57990],{}," are different values.",[487,59082,5555,59084,59086,59087,2265],{"id":59083},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[49,59085,862],{}," sometimes count like ",[49,59088,1565],{},[14,59090,9182,59091,59093,59094,2262,59096,59093,59098,35],{},[49,59092,862],{}," compares equal to ",[49,59095,1565],{},[49,59097,4069],{},[49,59099,2514],{},[37,59101,2277],{"id":2276},[227,59103,59104,59108,59114,59118,59126,59133],{},[230,59105,59106],{},[26,59107,52927],{"href":51134},[230,59109,59110],{},[26,59111,59113],{"href":59112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[230,59115,59116],{},[26,59117,7333],{"href":6596},[230,59119,59120],{},[26,59121,55676,59123,2292],{"href":59122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[49,59124,59125],{},"index()",[230,59127,59128],{},[26,59129,3969,59131],{"href":59130},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[49,59132,42512],{},[230,59134,59135],{},[26,59136,59137],{"href":58651},"What is a list in Python",[2315,59139,59140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":59142},[59143,59144,59146,59147,59148,59154,59160,59162,59170,59181],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":57544,"depth":70,"text":59145},"What list.count() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":38168,"depth":70,"text":38169},{"id":57866,"depth":70,"text":57867,"children":59149},[59150,59151,59153],{"id":57898,"depth":98,"text":57899},{"id":57997,"depth":98,"text":59152},"1 and True can match",{"id":58096,"depth":98,"text":58097},{"id":58174,"depth":70,"text":58175,"children":59155},[59156,59157,59158,59159],{"id":58178,"depth":98,"text":58179},{"id":58257,"depth":98,"text":58258},{"id":58354,"depth":98,"text":58355},{"id":58429,"depth":98,"text":58430},{"id":58530,"depth":70,"text":59161},"When to use count()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":59163},[59164,59165,59167,59168],{"id":58661,"depth":98,"text":58662},{"id":58750,"depth":98,"text":59166},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58837,"depth":98,"text":58838},{"id":58910,"depth":98,"text":59169},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":59171},[59172,59174,59175,59177,59179],{"id":59044,"depth":98,"text":59173},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59053,"depth":98,"text":59054},{"id":59061,"depth":98,"text":59176},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59070,"depth":98,"text":59178},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59083,"depth":98,"text":59180},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57439,"description":59182},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59189,"title":59190,"body":59191,"description":61154,"extension":2357,"meta":61155,"navigation":141,"path":61156,"seo":61157,"stem":61158,"__hash__":61159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59192,"toc":61117},[59193,59196,59199,59201,59329,59333,59414,59425,59427,59446,59450,59453,59456,59474,59476,59519,59523,59548,59557,59561,59566,59569,59686,59690,59759,59763,59775,59779,59782,59823,59827,59840,59843,59928,59932,59965,59972,59978,59983,59985,59997,60001,60034,60038,60070,60074,60111,60115,60135,60139,60173,60177,60206,60217,60221,60224,60227,60240,60297,60301,60340,60346,60349,60351,60354,60358,60361,60386,60388,60413,60420,60423,60468,60472,60491,60494,60533,60540,60545,60579,60583,60684,60691,60724,60728,60754,60758,60761,60799,60802,60839,60843,60846,60865,60869,60930,60932,60950,60954,60957,60960,60989,60991,60995,60998,61006,61010,61013,61033,61039,61045,61049,61052,61059,61067,61069,61108,61114],[10,59194,59190],{"id":59195},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59197,59198],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[37,59200,4002],{"id":4001},[42,59202,59204],{"className":44,"code":59203,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[49,59205,59206,59226,59258,59266,59284,59288,59298,59308,59319],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59207,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59209,4012],{"class":58},[52,59211,63],{"class":62},[52,59213,4017],{"class":66},[52,59215,1565],{"class":110},[52,59217,193],{"class":66},[52,59219,1570],{"class":110},[52,59221,193],{"class":66},[52,59223,2850],{"class":110},[52,59225,4030],{"class":66},[52,59227,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59229,5392],{"class":58},[52,59231,63],{"class":62},[52,59233,4017],{"class":66},[52,59235,81],{"class":73},[52,59237,90],{"class":77},[52,59239,81],{"class":73},[52,59241,193],{"class":66},[52,59243,87],{"class":73},[52,59245,36087],{"class":77},[52,59247,81],{"class":73},[52,59249,193],{"class":66},[52,59251,87],{"class":73},[52,59253,36096],{"class":77},[52,59255,81],{"class":73},[52,59257,4030],{"class":66},[52,59259,59260,59262,59264],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59261,56087],{"class":58},[52,59263,63],{"class":62},[52,59265,8233],{"class":66},[52,59267,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,59269,36237],{"class":58},[52,59271,63],{"class":62},[52,59273,22698],{"class":646},[52,59275,152],{"class":66},[52,59277,81],{"class":73},[52,59279,41711],{"class":77},[52,59281,81],{"class":73},[52,59283,159],{"class":66},[52,59285,59286],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,59287,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,59289,59290,59292,59294,59296],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59291,149],{"class":148},[52,59293,152],{"class":66},[52,59295,1578],{"class":155},[52,59297,159],{"class":66},[52,59299,59300,59302,59304,59306],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,59301,149],{"class":148},[52,59303,152],{"class":66},[52,59305,5436],{"class":155},[52,59307,159],{"class":66},[52,59309,59310,59312,59314,59317],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,59311,149],{"class":148},[52,59313,152],{"class":66},[52,59315,59316],{"class":155},"empty_list",[52,59318,159],{"class":66},[52,59320,59321,59323,59325,59327],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,59322,149],{"class":148},[52,59324,152],{"class":66},[52,59326,36290],{"class":155},[52,59328,159],{"class":66},[14,59330,59331],{},[18,59332,164],{},[42,59334,59336],{"className":44,"code":59335,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[49,59337,59338,59354,59382,59386],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59339,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59341,1709],{"class":66},[52,59343,1565],{"class":110},[52,59345,193],{"class":66},[52,59347,1570],{"class":110},[52,59349,193],{"class":66},[52,59351,2850],{"class":110},[52,59353,4030],{"class":66},[52,59355,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59357,1709],{"class":66},[52,59359,177],{"class":73},[52,59361,90],{"class":77},[52,59363,177],{"class":73},[52,59365,193],{"class":66},[52,59367,186],{"class":73},[52,59369,36087],{"class":77},[52,59371,177],{"class":73},[52,59373,193],{"class":66},[52,59375,186],{"class":73},[52,59377,36096],{"class":77},[52,59379,177],{"class":73},[52,59381,4030],{"class":66},[52,59383,59384],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59385,38446],{"class":66},[52,59387,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,59389,1709],{"class":66},[52,59391,177],{"class":73},[52,59393,26],{"class":77},[52,59395,177],{"class":73},[52,59397,193],{"class":66},[52,59399,186],{"class":73},[52,59401,5157],{"class":77},[52,59403,177],{"class":73},[52,59405,193],{"class":66},[52,59407,186],{"class":73},[52,59409,10111],{"class":77},[52,59411,177],{"class":73},[52,59413,4030],{"class":66},[14,59415,59416,59417,59419,59420,59422,59423,35],{},"Use square brackets ",[49,59418,4184],{}," for most lists. Use ",[49,59421,24920],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[49,59424,36345],{},[37,59426,225],{"id":224},[227,59428,59429,59432,59435,59438,59443],{},[230,59430,59431],{},"What a list is in Python",[230,59433,59434],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[230,59436,59437],{},"How to create an empty list",[230,59439,59440,59441,2700],{},"How to create a list with the ",[49,59442,24920],{},[230,59444,59445],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[37,59447,59449],{"id":59448},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59451,59452],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59454,59455],{},"This means:",[227,59457,59458,59461,59464,59467],{},[230,59459,59460],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[230,59462,59463],{},"The order of items is kept",[230,59465,59466],{},"A list can hold different data types",[230,59468,59469,59470,59473],{},"A list is ",[18,59471,59472],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59475,511],{},[42,59477,59479],{"className":44,"code":59478,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,59480,59481,59505,59509],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59482,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59484,8175],{"class":58},[52,59486,63],{"class":62},[52,59488,4017],{"class":66},[52,59490,81],{"class":73},[52,59492,4474],{"class":77},[52,59494,81],{"class":73},[52,59496,193],{"class":66},[52,59498,6403],{"class":110},[52,59500,193],{"class":66},[52,59502,216],{"class":128},[52,59504,4030],{"class":66},[52,59506,59507],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59508,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59512,149],{"class":148},[52,59514,152],{"class":66},[52,59516,8204],{"class":155},[52,59518,159],{"class":66},[14,59520,59521],{},[18,59522,164],{},[42,59524,59526],{"className":44,"code":59525,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[49,59527,59528],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59529,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59531,1709],{"class":66},[52,59533,177],{"class":73},[52,59535,4474],{"class":77},[52,59537,177],{"class":73},[52,59539,193],{"class":66},[52,59541,6403],{"class":110},[52,59543,193],{"class":66},[52,59545,216],{"class":128},[52,59547,4030],{"class":66},[14,59549,59550,59551,30,59554,35],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[26,59552,59553],{"href":51134},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[26,59555,59556],{"href":58651},"What is a List in Python?",[37,59558,59560],{"id":59559},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59562,59416,59563,59565],{},[49,59564,4184],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59567,59568],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[42,59570,59572],{"className":44,"code":59571,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[49,59573,59574,59594,59626,59651,59655,59665,59675],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59575,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59577,4012],{"class":58},[52,59579,63],{"class":62},[52,59581,4017],{"class":66},[52,59583,1565],{"class":110},[52,59585,193],{"class":66},[52,59587,1570],{"class":110},[52,59589,193],{"class":66},[52,59591,2850],{"class":110},[52,59593,4030],{"class":66},[52,59595,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59597,5392],{"class":58},[52,59599,63],{"class":62},[52,59601,4017],{"class":66},[52,59603,81],{"class":73},[52,59605,90],{"class":77},[52,59607,81],{"class":73},[52,59609,193],{"class":66},[52,59611,87],{"class":73},[52,59613,36087],{"class":77},[52,59615,81],{"class":73},[52,59617,193],{"class":66},[52,59619,87],{"class":73},[52,59621,36096],{"class":77},[52,59623,81],{"class":73},[52,59625,4030],{"class":66},[52,59627,59628,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59629,59630],{"class":58},"mixed ",[52,59632,63],{"class":62},[52,59634,4017],{"class":66},[52,59636,2728],{"class":110},[52,59638,193],{"class":66},[52,59640,87],{"class":73},[52,59642,4241],{"class":77},[52,59644,81],{"class":73},[52,59646,193],{"class":66},[52,59648,4302],{"class":128},[52,59650,4030],{"class":66},[52,59652,59653],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,59654,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,59656,59657,59659,59661,59663],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,59658,149],{"class":148},[52,59660,152],{"class":66},[52,59662,1578],{"class":155},[52,59664,159],{"class":66},[52,59666,59667,59669,59671,59673],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59668,149],{"class":148},[52,59670,152],{"class":66},[52,59672,5436],{"class":155},[52,59674,159],{"class":66},[52,59676,59677,59679,59681,59684],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,59678,149],{"class":148},[52,59680,152],{"class":66},[52,59682,59683],{"class":155},"mixed",[52,59685,159],{"class":66},[14,59687,59688],{},[18,59689,164],{},[42,59691,59693],{"className":44,"code":59692,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[49,59694,59695,59711,59739],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59696,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59698,1709],{"class":66},[52,59700,1565],{"class":110},[52,59702,193],{"class":66},[52,59704,1570],{"class":110},[52,59706,193],{"class":66},[52,59708,2850],{"class":110},[52,59710,4030],{"class":66},[52,59712,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59714,1709],{"class":66},[52,59716,177],{"class":73},[52,59718,90],{"class":77},[52,59720,177],{"class":73},[52,59722,193],{"class":66},[52,59724,186],{"class":73},[52,59726,36087],{"class":77},[52,59728,177],{"class":73},[52,59730,193],{"class":66},[52,59732,186],{"class":73},[52,59734,36096],{"class":77},[52,59736,177],{"class":73},[52,59738,4030],{"class":66},[52,59740,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59742,1709],{"class":66},[52,59744,2728],{"class":110},[52,59746,193],{"class":66},[52,59748,186],{"class":73},[52,59750,4241],{"class":77},[52,59752,177],{"class":73},[52,59754,193],{"class":66},[52,59756,4302],{"class":128},[52,59758,4030],{"class":66},[487,59760,59762],{"id":59761},"key-points","Key points",[227,59764,59765,59770,59772],{},[230,59766,340,59767,59769],{},[49,59768,4184],{}," to make a new list",[230,59771,505],{},[230,59773,59774],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[37,59776,59778],{"id":59777},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59780,59781],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[42,59783,59785],{"className":44,"code":59784,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[49,59786,59787,59795,59799,59809],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59788,59789,59791,59793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59790,8703],{"class":58},[52,59792,63],{"class":62},[52,59794,8233],{"class":66},[52,59796,59797],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59798,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,59800,59801,59803,59805,59807],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59802,149],{"class":148},[52,59804,152],{"class":66},[52,59806,8734],{"class":155},[52,59808,159],{"class":66},[52,59810,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,59812,149],{"class":148},[52,59814,152],{"class":66},[52,59816,2082],{"class":148},[52,59818,152],{"class":66},[52,59820,8734],{"class":155},[52,59822,742],{"class":66},[14,59824,59825],{},[18,59826,164],{},[42,59828,59830],{"className":44,"code":59829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[]\n0\n",[49,59831,59832,59836],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59833,59834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59835,38446],{"class":66},[52,59837,59838],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59839,47405],{"class":110},[14,59841,59842],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[42,59844,59846],{"className":44,"code":59845,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[49,59847,59848,59856,59860,59878,59896,59914,59918],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59849,59850,59852,59854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59851,5392],{"class":58},[52,59853,63],{"class":62},[52,59855,8233],{"class":66},[52,59857,59858],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,59859,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,59861,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,59863,5436],{"class":58},[52,59865,35],{"class":66},[52,59867,13909],{"class":155},[52,59869,152],{"class":66},[52,59871,81],{"class":73},[52,59873,90],{"class":77},[52,59875,81],{"class":73},[52,59877,159],{"class":66},[52,59879,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,59881,5436],{"class":58},[52,59883,35],{"class":66},[52,59885,13909],{"class":155},[52,59887,152],{"class":66},[52,59889,81],{"class":73},[52,59891,36087],{"class":77},[52,59893,81],{"class":73},[52,59895,159],{"class":66},[52,59897,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,59899,5436],{"class":58},[52,59901,35],{"class":66},[52,59903,13909],{"class":155},[52,59905,152],{"class":66},[52,59907,81],{"class":73},[52,59909,36096],{"class":77},[52,59911,81],{"class":73},[52,59913,159],{"class":66},[52,59915,59916],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,59917,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,59919,59920,59922,59924,59926],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,59921,149],{"class":148},[52,59923,152],{"class":66},[52,59925,5436],{"class":155},[52,59927,159],{"class":66},[14,59929,59930],{},[18,59931,164],{},[42,59933,59935],{"className":44,"code":59934,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[49,59936,59937],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,59938,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961,59963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59940,1709],{"class":66},[52,59942,177],{"class":73},[52,59944,90],{"class":77},[52,59946,177],{"class":73},[52,59948,193],{"class":66},[52,59950,186],{"class":73},[52,59952,36087],{"class":77},[52,59954,177],{"class":73},[52,59956,193],{"class":66},[52,59958,186],{"class":73},[52,59960,36096],{"class":77},[52,59962,177],{"class":73},[52,59964,4030],{"class":66},[14,59966,59967,59968,35],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[26,59969,59970,2292],{"href":56925},[49,59971,52808],{},[37,59973,59975,59976],{"id":59974},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[49,59977,24920],{},[14,59979,340,59980,59982],{},[49,59981,24920],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59984,5854],{},[227,59986,59987,59989,59991,59993],{},[230,59988,5706],{},[230,59990,5700],{},[230,59992,5703],{},[230,59994,59995],{},[49,59996,36345],{},[487,59998,60000],{"id":59999},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[42,60002,60004],{"className":44,"code":60003,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,60005,60006,60024],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60007,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60009,36237],{"class":58},[52,60011,63],{"class":62},[52,60013,22698],{"class":646},[52,60015,152],{"class":66},[52,60017,81],{"class":73},[52,60019,41711],{"class":77},[52,60021,81],{"class":73},[52,60023,159],{"class":66},[52,60025,60026,60028,60030,60032],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60027,149],{"class":148},[52,60029,152],{"class":66},[52,60031,36290],{"class":155},[52,60033,159],{"class":66},[14,60035,60036],{},[18,60037,164],{},[42,60039,60040],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,60041,60042],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60043,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60045,1709],{"class":66},[52,60047,177],{"class":73},[52,60049,26],{"class":77},[52,60051,177],{"class":73},[52,60053,193],{"class":66},[52,60055,186],{"class":73},[52,60057,5157],{"class":77},[52,60059,177],{"class":73},[52,60061,193],{"class":66},[52,60063,186],{"class":73},[52,60065,10111],{"class":77},[52,60067,177],{"class":73},[52,60069,4030],{"class":66},[487,60071,60073],{"id":60072},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[42,60075,60077],{"className":44,"code":60076,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,60078,60079,60101],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60080,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60082,4012],{"class":58},[52,60084,63],{"class":62},[52,60086,22698],{"class":646},[52,60088,5908],{"class":66},[52,60090,1565],{"class":110},[52,60092,193],{"class":66},[52,60094,1570],{"class":110},[52,60096,193],{"class":66},[52,60098,2850],{"class":110},[52,60100,742],{"class":66},[52,60102,60103,60105,60107,60109],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60104,149],{"class":148},[52,60106,152],{"class":66},[52,60108,1578],{"class":155},[52,60110,159],{"class":66},[14,60112,60113],{},[18,60114,164],{},[42,60116,60117],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,60118,60119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60120,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60122,1709],{"class":66},[52,60124,1565],{"class":110},[52,60126,193],{"class":66},[52,60128,1570],{"class":110},[52,60130,193],{"class":66},[52,60132,2850],{"class":110},[52,60134,4030],{"class":66},[487,60136,60138],{"id":60137},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[42,60140,60142],{"className":44,"code":60141,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[49,60143,60144,60163],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60145,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60157,60159,60161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60147,4218],{"class":58},[52,60149,63],{"class":62},[52,60151,22698],{"class":646},[52,60153,152],{"class":66},[52,60155,60156],{"class":148},"range",[52,60158,152],{"class":66},[52,60160,2531],{"class":110},[52,60162,742],{"class":66},[52,60164,60165,60167,60169,60171],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60166,149],{"class":148},[52,60168,152],{"class":66},[52,60170,2071],{"class":155},[52,60172,159],{"class":66},[14,60174,60175],{},[18,60176,164],{},[42,60178,60180],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,60181,60182],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60183,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60185,1709],{"class":66},[52,60187,2514],{"class":110},[52,60189,193],{"class":66},[52,60191,5895],{"class":110},[52,60193,193],{"class":66},[52,60195,1570],{"class":110},[52,60197,193],{"class":66},[52,60199,2850],{"class":110},[52,60201,193],{"class":66},[52,60203,2856],{"class":110},[52,60205,4030],{"class":66},[14,60207,60208,60210,60211,35],{},[49,60209,24920],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[26,60212,60214,60216],{"href":60213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[49,60215,24920],{},": Function Explained",[37,60218,60220],{"id":60219},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60222,60223],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60225,60226],{},"Examples include:",[227,60228,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237],{},[230,60230,5706],{},[230,60232,40574],{},[230,60234,52201],{},[230,60236,40744],{},[230,60238,60239],{},"other lists",[42,60241,60243],{"className":44,"code":60242,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[49,60244,60245,60283,60287],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60246,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60248,616],{"class":58},[52,60250,63],{"class":62},[52,60252,4017],{"class":66},[52,60254,81],{"class":73},[52,60256,90],{"class":77},[52,60258,81],{"class":73},[52,60260,193],{"class":66},[52,60262,9684],{"class":110},[52,60264,193],{"class":66},[52,60266,216],{"class":128},[52,60268,193],{"class":66},[52,60270,4017],{"class":66},[52,60272,1565],{"class":110},[52,60274,193],{"class":66},[52,60276,1570],{"class":110},[52,60278,193],{"class":66},[52,60280,2850],{"class":110},[52,60282,53398],{"class":66},[52,60284,60285],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60286,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,60288,60289,60291,60293,60295],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,60290,149],{"class":148},[52,60292,152],{"class":66},[52,60294,630],{"class":155},[52,60296,159],{"class":66},[14,60298,60299],{},[18,60300,164],{},[42,60302,60304],{"className":44,"code":60303,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[49,60305,60306],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60307,60308,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60309,1709],{"class":66},[52,60311,177],{"class":73},[52,60313,90],{"class":77},[52,60315,177],{"class":73},[52,60317,193],{"class":66},[52,60319,9684],{"class":110},[52,60321,193],{"class":66},[52,60323,216],{"class":128},[52,60325,193],{"class":66},[52,60327,4017],{"class":66},[52,60329,1565],{"class":110},[52,60331,193],{"class":66},[52,60333,1570],{"class":110},[52,60335,193],{"class":66},[52,60337,2850],{"class":110},[52,60339,53398],{"class":66},[14,60341,60342,60343,35],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[18,60344,60345],{},"nested list",[14,60347,60348],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[37,60350,4915],{"id":4914},[14,60352,60353],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[487,60355,60357],{"id":60356},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60359,60360],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[42,60362,60364],{"className":44,"code":60363,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[49,60365,60366,60370],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60367,60368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60369,4932],{"class":1017},[52,60371,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60373,4012],{"class":58},[52,60375,63],{"class":62},[52,60377,4017],{"class":66},[52,60379,1565],{"class":110},[52,60381,1570],{"class":110},[52,60383,2850],{"class":110},[52,60385,4030],{"class":66},[14,60387,11172],{},[42,60389,60391],{"className":44,"code":60390,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,60392,60393],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60394,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60396,4012],{"class":58},[52,60398,63],{"class":62},[52,60400,4017],{"class":66},[52,60402,1565],{"class":110},[52,60404,193],{"class":66},[52,60406,1570],{"class":110},[52,60408,193],{"class":66},[52,60410,2850],{"class":110},[52,60412,4030],{"class":66},[487,60414,8813,60416,11456,60418],{"id":60415},"using-instead-of",[49,60417,7762],{},[49,60419,4184],{},[14,60421,60422],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[42,60424,60426],{"className":44,"code":60425,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[49,60427,60428,60449,60453],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60429,60430,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60431,60432],{"class":58},"my_values ",[52,60434,63],{"class":62},[52,60436,1118],{"class":66},[52,60438,1565],{"class":110},[52,60440,193],{"class":66},[52,60442,1570],{"class":110},[52,60444,193],{"class":66},[52,60446,2850],{"class":110},[52,60448,159],{"class":66},[52,60450,60451],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60452,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,60454,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60466],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,60456,149],{"class":148},[52,60458,152],{"class":66},[52,60460,734],{"class":646},[52,60462,152],{"class":66},[52,60464,60465],{"class":155},"my_values",[52,60467,742],{"class":66},[14,60469,60470],{},[18,60471,164],{},[42,60473,60475],{"className":44,"code":60474,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[49,60476,60477],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60478,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60480,771],{"class":62},[52,60482,775],{"class":774},[52,60484,186],{"class":73},[52,60486,49107],{"class":77},[52,60488,177],{"class":73},[52,60490,785],{"class":62},[14,60492,60493],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[42,60495,60497],{"className":44,"code":60496,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[49,60498,60499,60519],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60500,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60502,60432],{"class":58},[52,60504,63],{"class":62},[52,60506,4017],{"class":66},[52,60508,1565],{"class":110},[52,60510,193],{"class":66},[52,60512,1570],{"class":110},[52,60514,193],{"class":66},[52,60516,2850],{"class":110},[52,60518,4030],{"class":66},[52,60520,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60522,149],{"class":148},[52,60524,152],{"class":66},[52,60526,734],{"class":646},[52,60528,152],{"class":66},[52,60530,60465],{"class":155},[52,60532,742],{"class":66},[487,60534,8849,60536,60539],{"id":60535},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[49,60537,60538],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60541,60542,60544],{},[49,60543,24920],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[42,60546,60548],{"className":44,"code":60547,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[49,60549,60550,60569],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60551,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60565,60567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60553,2626],{"class":58},[52,60555,63],{"class":62},[52,60557,22698],{"class":646},[52,60559,152],{"class":66},[52,60561,81],{"class":73},[52,60563,60564],{"class":77},"hello world",[52,60566,81],{"class":73},[52,60568,159],{"class":66},[52,60570,60571,60573,60575,60577],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60572,149],{"class":148},[52,60574,152],{"class":66},[52,60576,2661],{"class":155},[52,60578,159],{"class":66},[14,60580,60581],{},[18,60582,164],{},[42,60584,60586],{"className":44,"code":60585,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[49,60587,60588],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60589,60590,60592,60594,60597,60599,60601,60603,60606,60608,60610,60612,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629,60632,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60591,1709],{"class":66},[52,60593,177],{"class":73},[52,60595,60596],{"class":77},"h",[52,60598,177],{"class":73},[52,60600,193],{"class":66},[52,60602,186],{"class":73},[52,60604,60605],{"class":77},"e",[52,60607,177],{"class":73},[52,60609,193],{"class":66},[52,60611,186],{"class":73},[52,60613,60614],{"class":77},"l",[52,60616,177],{"class":73},[52,60618,193],{"class":66},[52,60620,186],{"class":73},[52,60622,60614],{"class":77},[52,60624,177],{"class":73},[52,60626,193],{"class":66},[52,60628,186],{"class":73},[52,60630,60631],{"class":77},"o",[52,60633,177],{"class":73},[52,60635,193],{"class":66},[52,60637,186],{"class":73},[52,60639,186],{"class":73},[52,60641,193],{"class":66},[52,60643,186],{"class":73},[52,60645,60646],{"class":77},"w",[52,60648,177],{"class":73},[52,60650,193],{"class":66},[52,60652,186],{"class":73},[52,60654,60631],{"class":77},[52,60656,177],{"class":73},[52,60658,193],{"class":66},[52,60660,186],{"class":73},[52,60662,60663],{"class":77},"r",[52,60665,177],{"class":73},[52,60667,193],{"class":66},[52,60669,186],{"class":73},[52,60671,60614],{"class":77},[52,60673,177],{"class":73},[52,60675,193],{"class":66},[52,60677,186],{"class":73},[52,60679,18904],{"class":77},[52,60681,177],{"class":73},[52,60683,4030],{"class":66},[14,60685,60686,60687,60690],{},"If you want words, use ",[49,60688,60689],{},"split()"," instead:",[42,60692,60694],{"className":44,"code":60693,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[49,60695,60696,60714],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60697,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60699,4465],{"class":58},[52,60701,63],{"class":62},[52,60703,87],{"class":73},[52,60705,60564],{"class":77},[52,60707,81],{"class":73},[52,60709,35],{"class":66},[52,60711,34613],{"class":155},[52,60713,650],{"class":66},[52,60715,60716,60718,60720,60722],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60717,149],{"class":148},[52,60719,152],{"class":66},[52,60721,4509],{"class":155},[52,60723,159],{"class":66},[14,60725,60726],{},[18,60727,164],{},[42,60729,60731],{"className":44,"code":60730,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['hello', 'world']\n",[49,60732,60733],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60734,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60750,60752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60736,1709],{"class":66},[52,60738,177],{"class":73},[52,60740,4241],{"class":77},[52,60742,177],{"class":73},[52,60744,193],{"class":66},[52,60746,186],{"class":73},[52,60748,60749],{"class":77},"world",[52,60751,177],{"class":73},[52,60753,4030],{"class":66},[487,60755,60757],{"id":60756},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60759,60760],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[42,60762,60764],{"className":44,"code":60763,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[49,60765,60766,60770],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60767,60768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60769,4932],{"class":1017},[52,60771,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60791,60793,60795,60797],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60773,5392],{"class":58},[52,60775,63],{"class":62},[52,60777,4017],{"class":66},[52,60779,81],{"class":73},[52,60781,90],{"class":77},[52,60783,81],{"class":73},[52,60785,193],{"class":66},[52,60787,87],{"class":73},[52,60789,60790],{"class":77},"Ben', ",[52,60792,81],{"class":73},[52,60794,36096],{"class":58},[52,60796,81],{"class":73},[52,60798,4030],{"class":77},[14,60800,60801],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[42,60803,60805],{"className":44,"code":60804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[49,60806,60807],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60808,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60810,5392],{"class":58},[52,60812,63],{"class":62},[52,60814,4017],{"class":66},[52,60816,81],{"class":73},[52,60818,90],{"class":77},[52,60820,81],{"class":73},[52,60822,193],{"class":66},[52,60824,87],{"class":73},[52,60826,36087],{"class":77},[52,60828,81],{"class":73},[52,60830,193],{"class":66},[52,60832,87],{"class":73},[52,60834,36096],{"class":77},[52,60836,81],{"class":73},[52,60838,4030],{"class":66},[487,60840,60842],{"id":60841},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60844,60845],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[227,60847,60848,60851,60854,60859],{},[230,60849,60850],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[230,60852,60853],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[230,60855,60856,60857],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[49,60858,24920],{},[230,60860,8849,60861,60864],{},[49,60862,60863],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[487,60866,60868],{"id":60867},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[42,60870,60872],{"className":44,"code":60871,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[49,60873,60874,60884,60898,60912],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,60875,60876,60878,60880,60882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60877,149],{"class":148},[52,60879,152],{"class":66},[52,60881,8734],{"class":155},[52,60883,159],{"class":66},[52,60885,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,60887,149],{"class":148},[52,60889,152],{"class":66},[52,60891,734],{"class":646},[52,60893,152],{"class":66},[52,60895,8734],{"class":155},[52,60897,742],{"class":66},[52,60899,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,60901,149],{"class":148},[52,60903,152],{"class":66},[52,60905,2082],{"class":148},[52,60907,152],{"class":66},[52,60909,8734],{"class":155},[52,60911,742],{"class":66},[52,60913,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,60915,149],{"class":148},[52,60917,152],{"class":66},[52,60919,8488],{"class":646},[52,60921,152],{"class":66},[52,60923,60156],{"class":148},[52,60925,152],{"class":66},[52,60927,2531],{"class":110},[52,60929,1291],{"class":66},[14,60931,26148],{},[227,60933,60934,60937,60940,60943],{},[230,60935,60936],{},"what the list contains",[230,60938,60939],{},"whether the value is really a list",[230,60941,60942],{},"how many items it has",[230,60944,26159,60945,60947,60948],{},[49,60946,24920],{}," does with ",[49,60949,36345],{},[37,60951,60953],{"id":60952},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60955,60956],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60958,60959],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[227,60961,60962,60977,60982],{},[230,60963,340,60964,2203,60968,2210,60972,60976],{},[26,60965,60966],{"href":56925},[49,60967,52808],{},[26,60969,60970],{"href":53500},[49,60971,53602],{},[26,60973,60974],{"href":54064},[49,60975,54424],{}," to add items later",[230,60978,340,60979,60981],{},[26,60980,59553],{"href":51134}," for a broader introduction",[230,60983,340,60984,60988],{},[26,60985,60986,60216],{"href":60213},[49,60987,24920],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[37,60990,2220],{"id":2219},[487,60992,60994],{"id":60993},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60996,60997],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[42,60999,61000],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,61001,61002],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61003,61004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61005,38446],{"class":66},[487,61007,61009],{"id":61008},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61011,61012],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[42,61014,61015],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,61016,61017],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61018,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61020,1709],{"class":66},[52,61022,1565],{"class":110},[52,61024,193],{"class":66},[52,61026,1570],{"class":110},[52,61028,193],{"class":66},[52,61030,2850],{"class":110},[52,61032,4030],{"class":66},[487,61034,5539,61036,61038],{"id":61035},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[49,61037,24920],{}," do in Python?",[14,61040,61041,61042,61044],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[49,61043,36345],{},", into a list.",[487,61046,61048],{"id":61047},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61050,61051],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[487,61053,2259,61055,2262,61057,2265],{"id":61054},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[49,61056,4184],{},[49,61058,7762],{},[14,61060,61061,61063,61064,61066],{},[49,61062,4184],{}," creates a list. ",[49,61065,7762],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[37,61068,2277],{"id":2276},[227,61070,61071,61075,61081,61087,61093,61099,61103],{},[230,61072,61073],{},[26,61074,59553],{"href":51134},[230,61076,61077],{},[26,61078,55676,61079,11684],{"href":56925},[49,61080,52808],{},[230,61082,61083],{},[26,61084,55676,61085,11684],{"href":53500},[49,61086,53602],{},[230,61088,61089],{},[26,61090,55676,61091,11684],{"href":54064},[49,61092,54424],{},[230,61094,61095],{},[26,61096,3969,61097,3973],{"href":60213},[49,61098,24920],{},[230,61100,61101],{},[26,61102,59556],{"href":58651},[230,61104,61105],{},[26,61106,61107],{"href":12422},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61109,61110,61111,61113],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[49,61112,52808],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2315,61115,61116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":61118},[61119,61120,61121,61122,61125,61126,61132,61133,61143,61144,61153],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":59448,"depth":70,"text":59449},{"id":59559,"depth":70,"text":59560,"children":61123},[61124],{"id":59761,"depth":98,"text":59762},{"id":59777,"depth":70,"text":59778},{"id":59974,"depth":70,"text":61127,"children":61128},"Create a list with list()",[61129,61130,61131],{"id":59999,"depth":98,"text":60000},{"id":60072,"depth":98,"text":60073},{"id":60137,"depth":98,"text":60138},{"id":60219,"depth":70,"text":60220},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":61134},[61135,61136,61138,61140,61141,61142],{"id":60356,"depth":98,"text":60357},{"id":60415,"depth":98,"text":61137},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60535,"depth":98,"text":61139},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60756,"depth":98,"text":60757},{"id":60841,"depth":98,"text":60842},{"id":60867,"depth":98,"text":60868},{"id":60952,"depth":70,"text":60953},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":61145},[61146,61147,61148,61150,61151],{"id":60993,"depth":98,"text":60994},{"id":61008,"depth":98,"text":61009},{"id":61035,"depth":98,"text":61149},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61047,"depth":98,"text":61048},{"id":61054,"depth":98,"text":61152},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59190,"description":61154},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61161,"title":61162,"body":61163,"description":62904,"extension":2357,"meta":62905,"navigation":141,"path":62906,"seo":62907,"stem":62908,"__hash__":62909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61164,"toc":62859},[61165,61170,61175,61178,61180,61251,61256,61261,61265,61279,61284,61286,61306,61311,61314,61337,61341,61346,61438,61440,61462,61468,61474,61481,61488,61494,61551,61557,61615,61617,61629,61637,61643,61648,61652,61709,61712,61716,61775,61778,61782,61840,61852,61856,61909,61912,61916,61922,61928,61990,61993,62054,62057,62113,62118,62120,62124,62131,62192,62197,62206,62262,62269,62273,62331,62340,62398,62402,62437,62441,62451,62454,62509,62523,62526,62641,62646,62650,62661,62663,62742,62752,62754,62759,62764,62771,62779,62785,62788,62794,62797,62803,62809,62811,62847,62856],[10,61166,54498,61168,11684],{"id":61167},"python-list-extend-method",[49,61169,53602],{},[14,61171,61172,61174],{},[49,61173,53503],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61176,61177],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[37,61179,40],{"id":39},[42,61181,61183],{"className":44,"code":61182,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,61184,61185,61201,61218,61222,61237,61247],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61186,61187,61189,61191,61193,61195,61197,61199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61188,4012],{"class":58},[52,61190,63],{"class":62},[52,61192,4017],{"class":66},[52,61194,1565],{"class":110},[52,61196,193],{"class":66},[52,61198,1570],{"class":110},[52,61200,4030],{"class":66},[52,61202,61203,61206,61208,61210,61212,61214,61216],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61204,61205],{"class":58},"more_numbers ",[52,61207,63],{"class":62},[52,61209,4017],{"class":66},[52,61211,2457],{"class":110},[52,61213,193],{"class":66},[52,61215,2856],{"class":110},[52,61217,4030],{"class":66},[52,61219,61220],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61221,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61223,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232,61235],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61225,1578],{"class":58},[52,61227,35],{"class":66},[52,61229,53632],{"class":155},[52,61231,152],{"class":66},[52,61233,61234],{"class":155},"more_numbers",[52,61236,159],{"class":66},[52,61238,61239,61241,61243,61245],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61240,149],{"class":148},[52,61242,152],{"class":66},[52,61244,1578],{"class":155},[52,61246,159],{"class":66},[52,61248,61249],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61250,52879],{"class":1017},[14,61252,340,61253,61255],{},[49,61254,53602],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[37,61257,4073,61259,4076],{"id":61258},"what-listextend-does",[49,61260,53503],{},[14,61262,61263,84],{},[49,61264,53602],{},[227,61266,61267,61270,61272,61275],{},[230,61268,61269],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[230,61271,54584],{},[230,61273,61274],{},"Does not create a new list",[230,61276,11786,61277],{},[49,61278,4175],{},[14,61280,61281,61282,53957],{},"This is an important point: ",[49,61283,53602],{},[37,61285,2553],{"id":2552},[42,61287,61289],{"className":44,"code":61288,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[49,61290,61291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61292,61293,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61294,61295],{"class":58},"list_name",[52,61297,35],{"class":66},[52,61299,53632],{"class":155},[52,61301,152],{"class":66},[52,61303,4117],{"class":155},[52,61305,159],{"class":66},[14,61307,5849,61308,61310],{},[18,61309,4117],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61312,61313],{},"Common iterables include:",[227,61315,61316,61320,61324,61328,61333],{},[230,61317,61318],{},[49,61319,8488],{},[230,61321,61322],{},[49,61323,49107],{},[230,61325,61326],{},[49,61327,796],{},[230,61329,61330],{},[49,61331,61332],{},"string",[230,61334,61335],{},[49,61336,60156],{},[37,61338,61340],{"id":61339},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61342,61343,61344,84],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[49,61345,53602],{},[42,61347,61349],{"className":44,"code":61348,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[49,61350,61351,61375,61400,61404,61419,61423,61433],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61352,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61354,36386],{"class":58},[52,61356,63],{"class":62},[52,61358,4017],{"class":66},[52,61360,81],{"class":73},[52,61362,4474],{"class":77},[52,61364,81],{"class":73},[52,61366,193],{"class":66},[52,61368,87],{"class":73},[52,61370,4483],{"class":77},[52,61372,81],{"class":73},[52,61374,4030],{"class":66},[52,61376,61377,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61378,61379],{"class":58},"more_fruits ",[52,61381,63],{"class":62},[52,61383,4017],{"class":66},[52,61385,81],{"class":73},[52,61387,33364],{"class":77},[52,61389,81],{"class":73},[52,61391,193],{"class":66},[52,61393,87],{"class":73},[52,61395,22671],{"class":77},[52,61397,81],{"class":73},[52,61399,4030],{"class":66},[52,61401,61402],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61403,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61405,61406,61408,61410,61412,61414,61417],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61407,36438],{"class":58},[52,61409,35],{"class":66},[52,61411,53632],{"class":155},[52,61413,152],{"class":66},[52,61415,61416],{"class":155},"more_fruits",[52,61418,159],{"class":66},[52,61420,61421],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61422,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61424,61425,61427,61429,61431],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,61426,149],{"class":148},[52,61428,152],{"class":66},[52,61430,36438],{"class":155},[52,61432,159],{"class":66},[52,61434,61435],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,61436,61437],{"class":1017},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61439,12041],{},[227,61441,61442,61447,61452],{},[230,61443,61444,61446],{},[49,61445,36438],{}," starts with two items",[230,61448,61449,61451],{},[49,61450,61416],{}," has two more items",[230,61453,61454,61456,61457,61459,61460],{},[49,61455,53602],{}," adds each item from ",[49,61458,61416],{}," to ",[49,61461,36438],{},[14,61463,61464,61465,61467],{},"After the method runs, ",[49,61466,36438],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61469,54723,61470,2262,61472,35],{},[26,61471,52927],{"href":51134},[26,61473,57311],{"href":57310},[37,61475,61477,10954,61479],{"id":61476},"extend-vs-append",[49,61478,53602],{},[49,61480,52808],{},[14,61482,61483,2262,61485,61487],{},[49,61484,53602],{},[49,61486,52808],{}," are often confused.",[487,61489,61491,61493],{"id":61490},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[49,61492,53602],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[42,61495,61497],{"className":44,"code":61496,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,61498,61499,61515,61533,61537,61547],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61500,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61502,4012],{"class":58},[52,61504,63],{"class":62},[52,61506,4017],{"class":66},[52,61508,1565],{"class":110},[52,61510,193],{"class":66},[52,61512,1570],{"class":110},[52,61514,4030],{"class":66},[52,61516,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61518,1578],{"class":58},[52,61520,35],{"class":66},[52,61522,53632],{"class":155},[52,61524,2152],{"class":66},[52,61526,2457],{"class":110},[52,61528,193],{"class":66},[52,61530,2856],{"class":110},[52,61532,1718],{"class":66},[52,61534,61535],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61536,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61538,61539,61541,61543,61545],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61540,149],{"class":148},[52,61542,152],{"class":66},[52,61544,1578],{"class":155},[52,61546,159],{"class":66},[52,61548,61549],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61550,52879],{"class":1017},[487,61552,61554,61556],{"id":61553},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[49,61555,52808],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[42,61558,61560],{"className":44,"code":61559,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[49,61561,61562,61578,61596,61600,61610],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61563,61564,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61565,4012],{"class":58},[52,61567,63],{"class":62},[52,61569,4017],{"class":66},[52,61571,1565],{"class":110},[52,61573,193],{"class":66},[52,61575,1570],{"class":110},[52,61577,4030],{"class":66},[52,61579,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61581,1578],{"class":58},[52,61583,35],{"class":66},[52,61585,13909],{"class":155},[52,61587,2152],{"class":66},[52,61589,2457],{"class":110},[52,61591,193],{"class":66},[52,61593,2856],{"class":110},[52,61595,1718],{"class":66},[52,61597,61598],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61599,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61601,61602,61604,61606,61608],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61603,149],{"class":148},[52,61605,152],{"class":66},[52,61607,1578],{"class":155},[52,61609,159],{"class":66},[52,61611,61612],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61613,61614],{"class":1017},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61616,18831],{},[227,61618,61619,61624],{},[230,61620,61621,61623],{},[49,61622,53602],{}," to combine values",[230,61625,61626,61628],{},[49,61627,52808],{}," to add one item",[14,61630,42244,61631,2262,61635,35],{},[26,61632,55676,61633,2292],{"href":56925},[49,61634,52808],{},[26,61636,53205],{"href":53204},[37,61638,8813,61640,61642],{"id":61639},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[49,61641,53602],{}," with different iterables",[14,61644,61645,61647],{},[49,61646,53602],{}," works with more than just lists.",[487,61649,61651],{"id":61650},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[42,61653,61655],{"className":44,"code":61654,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,61656,61657,61673,61691,61695,61705],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61658,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61660,4218],{"class":58},[52,61662,63],{"class":62},[52,61664,4017],{"class":66},[52,61666,1565],{"class":110},[52,61668,193],{"class":66},[52,61670,1570],{"class":110},[52,61672,4030],{"class":66},[52,61674,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685,61687,61689],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61676,2071],{"class":58},[52,61678,35],{"class":66},[52,61680,53632],{"class":155},[52,61682,5908],{"class":66},[52,61684,2457],{"class":110},[52,61686,193],{"class":66},[52,61688,2856],{"class":110},[52,61690,742],{"class":66},[52,61692,61693],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61694,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61696,61697,61699,61701,61703],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61698,149],{"class":148},[52,61700,152],{"class":66},[52,61702,2071],{"class":155},[52,61704,159],{"class":66},[52,61706,61707],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61708,52879],{"class":1017},[14,61710,61711],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[487,61713,61715],{"id":61714},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[42,61717,61719],{"className":44,"code":61718,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[49,61720,61721,61737,61756,61760,61770],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61724,36237],{"class":58},[52,61726,63],{"class":62},[52,61728,4017],{"class":66},[52,61730,81],{"class":73},[52,61732,26],{"class":77},[52,61734,81],{"class":73},[52,61736,4030],{"class":66},[52,61738,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61752,61754],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61740,36290],{"class":58},[52,61742,35],{"class":66},[52,61744,53632],{"class":155},[52,61746,152],{"class":66},[52,61748,81],{"class":73},[52,61750,61751],{"class":77},"bc",[52,61753,81],{"class":73},[52,61755,159],{"class":66},[52,61757,61758],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61759,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61761,61762,61764,61766,61768],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61763,149],{"class":148},[52,61765,152],{"class":66},[52,61767,36290],{"class":155},[52,61769,159],{"class":66},[52,61771,61772],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61773,61774],{"class":1017},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61776,61777],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[487,61779,61781],{"id":61780},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[42,61783,61785],{"className":44,"code":61784,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[49,61786,61787,61799,61821,61825,61835],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61788,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61790,4012],{"class":58},[52,61792,63],{"class":62},[52,61794,4017],{"class":66},[52,61796,2514],{"class":110},[52,61798,4030],{"class":66},[52,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61802,1578],{"class":58},[52,61804,35],{"class":66},[52,61806,53632],{"class":155},[52,61808,152],{"class":66},[52,61810,60156],{"class":148},[52,61812,152],{"class":66},[52,61814,1565],{"class":110},[52,61816,193],{"class":66},[52,61818,2856],{"class":110},[52,61820,742],{"class":66},[52,61822,61823],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61824,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61826,61827,61829,61831,61833],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61828,149],{"class":148},[52,61830,152],{"class":66},[52,61832,1578],{"class":155},[52,61834,159],{"class":66},[52,61836,61837],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61838,61839],{"class":1017},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61841,61842,61845,61846,2203,61848,2210,61850,35],{},[49,61843,61844],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[49,61847,1565],{},[49,61849,2451],{},[49,61851,2457],{},[487,61853,61855],{"id":61854},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[42,61857,61859],{"className":44,"code":61858,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,61860,61861,61877,61895,61899],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61862,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61864,8175],{"class":58},[52,61866,63],{"class":62},[52,61868,4017],{"class":66},[52,61870,1565],{"class":110},[52,61872,193],{"class":66},[52,61874,1570],{"class":110},[52,61876,4030],{"class":66},[52,61878,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61880,8204],{"class":58},[52,61882,35],{"class":66},[52,61884,53632],{"class":155},[52,61886,5927],{"class":66},[52,61888,2457],{"class":110},[52,61890,193],{"class":66},[52,61892,2856],{"class":110},[52,61894,30638],{"class":66},[52,61896,61897],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61898,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61900,61901,61903,61905,61907],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61902,149],{"class":148},[52,61904,152],{"class":66},[52,61906,8204],{"class":155},[52,61908,159],{"class":66},[14,61910,61911],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[37,61913,61915],{"id":61914},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61917,61918,2795,61920,35],{},[49,61919,53602],{},[49,61921,4175],{},[14,61923,61924,61925,84],{},"That means this is ",[18,61926,61927],{},"wrong",[42,61929,61931],{"className":44,"code":61930,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[49,61932,61933,61949,61971,61975,61985],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61934,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61936,4012],{"class":58},[52,61938,63],{"class":62},[52,61940,4017],{"class":66},[52,61942,1565],{"class":110},[52,61944,193],{"class":66},[52,61946,1570],{"class":110},[52,61948,4030],{"class":66},[52,61950,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,61952,2626],{"class":58},[52,61954,63],{"class":62},[52,61956,4659],{"class":58},[52,61958,35],{"class":66},[52,61960,53632],{"class":155},[52,61962,2152],{"class":66},[52,61964,2457],{"class":110},[52,61966,193],{"class":66},[52,61968,2856],{"class":110},[52,61970,1718],{"class":66},[52,61972,61973],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,61974,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,61976,61977,61979,61981,61983],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,61978,149],{"class":148},[52,61980,152],{"class":66},[52,61982,2661],{"class":155},[52,61984,159],{"class":66},[52,61986,61987],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,61988,61989],{"class":1017},"# None\n",[14,61991,61992],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[42,61994,61996],{"className":44,"code":61995,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[49,61997,61998,62014,62036,62040,62050],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,61999,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62001,4012],{"class":58},[52,62003,63],{"class":62},[52,62005,4017],{"class":66},[52,62007,1565],{"class":110},[52,62009,193],{"class":66},[52,62011,1570],{"class":110},[52,62013,4030],{"class":66},[52,62015,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62017,4012],{"class":58},[52,62019,63],{"class":62},[52,62021,4659],{"class":58},[52,62023,35],{"class":66},[52,62025,53632],{"class":155},[52,62027,2152],{"class":66},[52,62029,2457],{"class":110},[52,62031,193],{"class":66},[52,62033,2856],{"class":110},[52,62035,1718],{"class":66},[52,62037,62038],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62039,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62043,149],{"class":148},[52,62045,152],{"class":66},[52,62047,1578],{"class":155},[52,62049,159],{"class":66},[52,62051,62052],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62053,61989],{"class":1017},[14,62055,62056],{},"The correct way is:",[42,62058,62059],{"className":44,"code":61496,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,62060,62061,62077,62095,62099,62109],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62062,62063,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62064,4012],{"class":58},[52,62066,63],{"class":62},[52,62068,4017],{"class":66},[52,62070,1565],{"class":110},[52,62072,193],{"class":66},[52,62074,1570],{"class":110},[52,62076,4030],{"class":66},[52,62078,62079,62081,62083,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62080,1578],{"class":58},[52,62082,35],{"class":66},[52,62084,53632],{"class":155},[52,62086,2152],{"class":66},[52,62088,2457],{"class":110},[52,62090,193],{"class":66},[52,62092,2856],{"class":110},[52,62094,1718],{"class":66},[52,62096,62097],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62098,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62100,62101,62103,62105,62107],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62102,149],{"class":148},[52,62104,152],{"class":66},[52,62106,1578],{"class":155},[52,62108,159],{"class":66},[52,62110,62111],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62112,52879],{"class":1017},[14,62114,56065,62115,62117],{},[49,62116,53602],{}," first, then use the original list.",[37,62119,4915],{"id":4914},[14,62121,15088,62122,35],{},[49,62123,53602],{},[487,62125,62127,62128,62130],{"id":62126},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[49,62129,53602],{}," to return a new list",[42,62132,62134],{"className":44,"code":62133,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[49,62135,62136,62152,62174,62178,62188],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62137,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62139,4012],{"class":58},[52,62141,63],{"class":62},[52,62143,4017],{"class":66},[52,62145,1565],{"class":110},[52,62147,193],{"class":66},[52,62149,1570],{"class":110},[52,62151,4030],{"class":66},[52,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62155,55798],{"class":58},[52,62157,63],{"class":62},[52,62159,4659],{"class":58},[52,62161,35],{"class":66},[52,62163,53632],{"class":155},[52,62165,2152],{"class":66},[52,62167,2457],{"class":110},[52,62169,193],{"class":66},[52,62171,2856],{"class":110},[52,62173,1718],{"class":66},[52,62175,62176],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62177,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62179,62180,62182,62184,62186],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62181,149],{"class":148},[52,62183,152],{"class":66},[52,62185,55817],{"class":155},[52,62187,159],{"class":66},[52,62189,62190],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62191,61989],{"class":1017},[14,62193,62194,62195,35],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[49,62196,53602],{},[487,62198,62200,62201,44782,62203,62205],{"id":62199},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[49,62202,52808],{},[49,62204,53602],{}," is needed",[42,62207,62208],{"className":44,"code":61559,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,62209,62210,62226,62244,62248,62258],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62211,62212,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62213,4012],{"class":58},[52,62215,63],{"class":62},[52,62217,4017],{"class":66},[52,62219,1565],{"class":110},[52,62221,193],{"class":66},[52,62223,1570],{"class":110},[52,62225,4030],{"class":66},[52,62227,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240,62242],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62229,1578],{"class":58},[52,62231,35],{"class":66},[52,62233,13909],{"class":155},[52,62235,2152],{"class":66},[52,62237,2457],{"class":110},[52,62239,193],{"class":66},[52,62241,2856],{"class":110},[52,62243,1718],{"class":66},[52,62245,62246],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62247,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62249,62250,62252,62254,62256],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62251,149],{"class":148},[52,62253,152],{"class":66},[52,62255,1578],{"class":155},[52,62257,159],{"class":66},[52,62259,62260],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62261,61614],{"class":1017},[14,62263,62264,62265,54047,62267,7029],{},"If you wanted ",[49,62266,54046],{},[49,62268,53602],{},[487,62270,62272],{"id":62271},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[42,62274,62276],{"className":44,"code":62275,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[49,62277,62278,62294,62312,62316,62326],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62279,62280,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62281,4465],{"class":58},[52,62283,63],{"class":62},[52,62285,4017],{"class":66},[52,62287,81],{"class":73},[52,62289,4241],{"class":77},[52,62291,81],{"class":73},[52,62293,4030],{"class":66},[52,62295,62296,62298,62300,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62297,4509],{"class":58},[52,62299,35],{"class":66},[52,62301,53632],{"class":155},[52,62303,152],{"class":66},[52,62305,81],{"class":73},[52,62307,60749],{"class":77},[52,62309,81],{"class":73},[52,62311,159],{"class":66},[52,62313,62314],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62315,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62317,62318,62320,62322,62324],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62319,149],{"class":148},[52,62321,152],{"class":66},[52,62323,4509],{"class":155},[52,62325,159],{"class":66},[52,62327,62328],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62329,62330],{"class":1017},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62332,62333,62334,62337,62338,84],{},"If you want ",[49,62335,62336],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[49,62339,52808],{},[42,62341,62343],{"className":44,"code":62342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[49,62344,62345,62361,62379,62383,62393],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62346,62347,62349,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62348,4465],{"class":58},[52,62350,63],{"class":62},[52,62352,4017],{"class":66},[52,62354,81],{"class":73},[52,62356,4241],{"class":77},[52,62358,81],{"class":73},[52,62360,4030],{"class":66},[52,62362,62363,62365,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375,62377],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62364,4509],{"class":58},[52,62366,35],{"class":66},[52,62368,13909],{"class":155},[52,62370,152],{"class":66},[52,62372,81],{"class":73},[52,62374,60749],{"class":77},[52,62376,81],{"class":73},[52,62378,159],{"class":66},[52,62380,62381],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62382,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62384,62385,62387,62389,62391],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62386,149],{"class":148},[52,62388,152],{"class":66},[52,62390,4509],{"class":155},[52,62392,159],{"class":66},[52,62394,62395],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62396,62397],{"class":1017},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[487,62399,62401],{"id":62400},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[42,62403,62405],{"className":44,"code":62404,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[49,62406,62407,62423],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62408,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419,62421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62410,4012],{"class":58},[52,62412,63],{"class":62},[52,62414,4017],{"class":66},[52,62416,1565],{"class":110},[52,62418,193],{"class":66},[52,62420,1570],{"class":110},[52,62422,4030],{"class":66},[52,62424,62425,62427,62429,62431,62433,62435],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62426,1578],{"class":58},[52,62428,35],{"class":66},[52,62430,53632],{"class":155},[52,62432,152],{"class":66},[52,62434,2531],{"class":110},[52,62436,159],{"class":66},[14,62438,39803,62439,6949],{},[49,62440,2531],{},[14,62442,62443,62444,62446,62447,62450],{},"You will get a ",[49,62445,3401],{},". See ",[26,62448,62449],{"href":52755},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62452,62453],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[42,62455,62457],{"className":44,"code":62456,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[49,62458,62459,62469,62483,62495],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62460,62461,62463,62465,62467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62462,149],{"class":148},[52,62464,152],{"class":66},[52,62466,8734],{"class":155},[52,62468,159],{"class":66},[52,62470,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62472,149],{"class":148},[52,62474,152],{"class":66},[52,62476,734],{"class":646},[52,62478,152],{"class":66},[52,62480,2071],{"class":155},[52,62482,742],{"class":66},[52,62484,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62486,149],{"class":148},[52,62488,152],{"class":66},[52,62490,2661],{"class":155},[52,62492,4056],{"class":66},[52,62494,159],{"class":58},[52,62496,62497,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62498,32295],{"class":148},[52,62500,152],{"class":66},[52,62502,8488],{"class":646},[52,62504,35],{"class":66},[52,62506,53632],{"class":24889},[52,62508,159],{"class":66},[43732,62510,62511],{},[14,62512,62513,62514,62517,62518,62520,62521,35],{},"Note: ",[49,62515,62516],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[49,62519,4056],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[49,62522,33170],{},[14,62524,62525],{},"Correct debugging example:",[42,62527,62529],{"className":44,"code":62528,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[49,62530,62531,62547,62563,62567,62581,62585,62593,62603,62617,62627],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62532,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62534,8703],{"class":58},[52,62536,63],{"class":62},[52,62538,4017],{"class":66},[52,62540,1565],{"class":110},[52,62542,193],{"class":66},[52,62544,1570],{"class":110},[52,62546,4030],{"class":66},[52,62548,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62550,4218],{"class":58},[52,62552,63],{"class":62},[52,62554,4017],{"class":66},[52,62556,2457],{"class":110},[52,62558,193],{"class":66},[52,62560,2856],{"class":110},[52,62562,4030],{"class":66},[52,62564,62565],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62566,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62568,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62570,8734],{"class":58},[52,62572,35],{"class":66},[52,62574,53632],{"class":155},[52,62576,152],{"class":66},[52,62578,2071],{"class":155},[52,62580,159],{"class":66},[52,62582,62583],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62584,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62586,62587,62589,62591],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62588,2626],{"class":58},[52,62590,63],{"class":62},[52,62592,48681],{"class":128},[52,62594,62595,62597,62599,62601],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,62596,149],{"class":148},[52,62598,152],{"class":66},[52,62600,8734],{"class":155},[52,62602,159],{"class":66},[52,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,62606,149],{"class":148},[52,62608,152],{"class":66},[52,62610,734],{"class":646},[52,62612,152],{"class":66},[52,62614,2071],{"class":155},[52,62616,742],{"class":66},[52,62618,62619,62621,62623,62625],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,62620,149],{"class":148},[52,62622,152],{"class":66},[52,62624,2661],{"class":155},[52,62626,159],{"class":66},[52,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,62630,32295],{"class":148},[52,62632,152],{"class":66},[52,62634,8488],{"class":646},[52,62636,35],{"class":66},[52,62638,53632],{"class":24889},[52,62640,159],{"class":66},[37,62642,5358,62644],{"id":62643},"when-to-use-extend",[49,62645,53602],{},[14,62647,340,62648,6716],{},[49,62649,53602],{},[227,62651,62652,62655,62658],{},[230,62653,62654],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[230,62656,62657],{},"Add multiple values at once",[230,62659,62660],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62662,5869],{},[42,62664,62666],{"className":44,"code":62665,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[49,62667,62668,62685,62703,62707,62723,62727,62737],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62669,62670,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62671,62672],{"class":58},"all_scores ",[52,62674,63],{"class":62},[52,62676,4017],{"class":66},[52,62678,13858],{"class":110},[52,62680,193],{"class":66},[52,62682,13863],{"class":110},[52,62684,4030],{"class":66},[52,62686,62687,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698,62701],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62688,62689],{"class":58},"new_scores ",[52,62691,63],{"class":62},[52,62693,4017],{"class":66},[52,62695,51660],{"class":110},[52,62697,193],{"class":66},[52,62699,62700],{"class":110}," 92",[52,62702,4030],{"class":66},[52,62704,62705],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62706,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62708,62709,62712,62714,62716,62718,62721],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,62710,62711],{"class":58},"all_scores",[52,62713,35],{"class":66},[52,62715,53632],{"class":155},[52,62717,152],{"class":66},[52,62719,62720],{"class":155},"new_scores",[52,62722,159],{"class":66},[52,62724,62725],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,62726,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62728,62729,62731,62733,62735],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,62730,149],{"class":148},[52,62732,152],{"class":66},[52,62734,62711],{"class":155},[52,62736,159],{"class":66},[52,62738,62739],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,62740,62741],{"class":1017},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62743,62744,62745,62747,62748,35],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[49,62746,52808],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[26,62749,55676,62750,2292],{"href":54064},[49,62751,54424],{},[37,62753,2220],{"id":2219},[487,62755,13061,62757,55625],{"id":62756},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[49,62758,53503],{},[14,62760,62761,62762,35],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[49,62763,4175],{},[487,62765,2259,62767,2262,62769,2265],{"id":62766},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[49,62768,53602],{},[49,62770,52808],{},[14,62772,62773,62775,62776,62778],{},[49,62774,53602],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[49,62777,52808],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[487,62780,28469,62782,62784],{"id":62781},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[49,62783,53602],{}," with a string?",[14,62786,62787],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[487,62789,28469,62791,62793],{"id":62790},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[49,62792,53602],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62795,62796],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[487,62798,62800,62801,2265],{"id":62799},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[49,62802,53602],{},[14,62804,62805,62806,62808],{},"You get a ",[49,62807,3401],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[37,62810,2277],{"id":2276},[227,62812,62813,62819,62823,62827,62831,62837,62841],{},[230,62814,62815],{},[26,62816,55676,62817,2292],{"href":56925},[49,62818,52808],{},[230,62820,62821],{},[26,62822,54434],{"href":53204},[230,62824,62825],{},[26,62826,57385],{"href":57310},[230,62828,62829],{},[26,62830,52927],{"href":51134},[230,62832,62833],{},[26,62834,55676,62835,2292],{"href":54064},[49,62836,54424],{},[230,62838,62839],{},[26,62840,62449],{"href":52755},[230,62842,62843],{},[26,62844,55676,62845,2292],{"href":55116},[49,62846,13134],{},[14,62848,62849,62850,62852,62853,62855],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[49,62851,52808],{},", when to use ",[49,62854,54424],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2315,62857,62858],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":62860},[62861,62862,62864,62865,62866,62873,62880,62881,62889,62891,62903],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":61258,"depth":70,"text":62863},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":61339,"depth":70,"text":61340},{"id":61476,"depth":70,"text":62867,"children":62868},"extend() vs append()",[62869,62871],{"id":61490,"depth":98,"text":62870},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61553,"depth":98,"text":62872},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61639,"depth":70,"text":62874,"children":62875},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62876,62877,62878,62879],{"id":61650,"depth":98,"text":61651},{"id":61714,"depth":98,"text":61715},{"id":61780,"depth":98,"text":61781},{"id":61854,"depth":98,"text":61855},{"id":61914,"depth":70,"text":61915},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":62882},[62883,62885,62887,62888],{"id":62126,"depth":98,"text":62884},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62199,"depth":98,"text":62886},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62271,"depth":98,"text":62272},{"id":62400,"depth":98,"text":62401},{"id":62643,"depth":70,"text":62890},"When to use extend()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":62892},[62893,62895,62897,62899,62901],{"id":62756,"depth":98,"text":62894},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62766,"depth":98,"text":62896},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62781,"depth":98,"text":62898},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62790,"depth":98,"text":62900},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62799,"depth":98,"text":62902},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61162,"description":62904},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62911,"title":62912,"body":62913,"description":65004,"extension":2357,"meta":65005,"navigation":141,"path":65006,"seo":65007,"stem":65008,"__hash__":65009},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62914,"toc":64967},[62915,62918,62923,62929,62940,62946,62948,63017,63019,63068,63076,63080,63085,63088,63099,63104,63106,63108,63129,63142,63145,63158,63160,63165,63190,63192,63200,63203,63272,63274,63298,63304,63308,63312,63348,63350,63370,63377,63381,63414,63416,63450,63455,63459,63492,63494,63522,63530,63534,63571,63573,63594,63597,63601,63670,63672,63696,63702,63709,63713,63716,63718,63732,63735,63759,63761,63786,63789,63808,63810,63836,63845,63849,63856,63933,63935,63976,63982,63988,64079,64081,64137,64140,64145,64149,64154,64158,64217,64219,64244,64248,64311,64313,64338,64342,64405,64407,64450,64453,64457,64461,64483,64487,64569,64571,64606,64614,64616,64620,64624,64626,64653,64658,64660,64687,64694,64697,64720,64722,64771,64774,64777,64796,64800,64803,64854,64857,64863,64867,64872,64875,64877,64883,64892,64896,64902,64906,64909,64913,64916,64920,64926,64928,64964],[10,62916,62912],{"id":62917},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62919,9518,62920,62922],{},[49,62921,24920],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62924,62925,62926,62928],{},"Beginners usually use ",[49,62927,24920],{}," for two main reasons:",[227,62930,62931,62934],{},[230,62932,62933],{},"to make an empty list",[230,62935,62936,62937,62939],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[49,62938,60156],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62941,62942,62943,62945],{},"This page explains how ",[49,62944,24920],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[37,62947,40],{"id":39},[42,62949,62951],{"className":44,"code":62950,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[49,62952,62953,62975,62993,62997,63007],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,62954,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62956,4012],{"class":58},[52,62958,63],{"class":62},[52,62960,22698],{"class":646},[52,62962,5908],{"class":66},[52,62964,1565],{"class":110},[52,62966,193],{"class":66},[52,62968,1570],{"class":110},[52,62970,193],{"class":66},[52,62972,2850],{"class":110},[52,62974,742],{"class":66},[52,62976,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,62978,36237],{"class":58},[52,62980,63],{"class":62},[52,62982,22698],{"class":646},[52,62984,152],{"class":66},[52,62986,81],{"class":73},[52,62988,41711],{"class":77},[52,62990,81],{"class":73},[52,62992,159],{"class":66},[52,62994,62995],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,62996,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,62998,62999,63001,63003,63005],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,63000,149],{"class":148},[52,63002,152],{"class":66},[52,63004,1578],{"class":155},[52,63006,159],{"class":66},[52,63008,63009,63011,63013,63015],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,63010,149],{"class":148},[52,63012,152],{"class":66},[52,63014,36290],{"class":155},[52,63016,159],{"class":66},[14,63018,164],{},[42,63020,63022],{"className":44,"code":63021,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[49,63023,63024,63040],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63025,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63027,1709],{"class":66},[52,63029,1565],{"class":110},[52,63031,193],{"class":66},[52,63033,1570],{"class":110},[52,63035,193],{"class":66},[52,63037,2850],{"class":110},[52,63039,4030],{"class":66},[52,63041,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63043,1709],{"class":66},[52,63045,177],{"class":73},[52,63047,26],{"class":77},[52,63049,177],{"class":73},[52,63051,193],{"class":66},[52,63053,186],{"class":73},[52,63055,5157],{"class":77},[52,63057,177],{"class":73},[52,63059,193],{"class":66},[52,63061,186],{"class":73},[52,63063,10111],{"class":77},[52,63065,177],{"class":73},[52,63067,4030],{"class":66},[14,63069,340,63070,63072,63073,63075],{},[49,63071,24920],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[49,63074,60156],{},", set, or dictionary.",[37,63077,63079],{"id":63078},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,63081,63082,63084],{},[49,63083,24920],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63086,63087],{},"It can:",[227,63089,63090,63093,63096],{},[230,63091,63092],{},"create a new list object",[230,63094,63095],{},"make an empty list",[230,63097,63098],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63100,63101,63102,35],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[26,63103,52927],{"href":51134},[37,63105,2553],{"id":2552},[14,63107,26627],{},[42,63109,63111],{"className":44,"code":63110,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[49,63112,63113,63119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63114,63115,63117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63116,8488],{"class":646},[52,63118,650],{"class":66},[52,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63122,8488],{"class":646},[52,63124,152],{"class":66},[52,63126,4117],{"class":155},[52,63128,159],{"class":66},[227,63130,63131,63136],{},[230,63132,63133,63135],{},[49,63134,24920],{}," makes an empty list",[230,63137,63138,63141],{},[49,63139,63140],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63143,63144],{},"Common iterable values include:",[227,63146,63147,63149,63151,63153,63156],{},[230,63148,5706],{},[230,63150,5700],{},[230,63152,5703],{},[230,63154,63155],{},"ranges",[230,63157,7648],{},[37,63159,59778],{"id":59777},[14,63161,340,63162,63164],{},[49,63163,24920],{}," with no arguments:",[42,63166,63168],{"className":44,"code":63167,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[49,63169,63170,63180],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63171,63172,63174,63176,63178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63173,8175],{"class":58},[52,63175,63],{"class":62},[52,63177,22698],{"class":646},[52,63179,650],{"class":66},[52,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63183,149],{"class":148},[52,63185,152],{"class":66},[52,63187,8204],{"class":155},[52,63189,159],{"class":66},[14,63191,164],{},[42,63193,63194],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,63195,63196],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63197,63198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63199,38446],{"class":66},[14,63201,63202],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[42,63204,63206],{"className":44,"code":63205,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,63207,63208,63218,63222,63240,63258,63262],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63209,63210,63212,63214,63216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63211,8175],{"class":58},[52,63213,63],{"class":62},[52,63215,22698],{"class":646},[52,63217,650],{"class":66},[52,63219,63220],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63221,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,63223,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,63225,8204],{"class":58},[52,63227,35],{"class":66},[52,63229,13909],{"class":155},[52,63231,152],{"class":66},[52,63233,81],{"class":73},[52,63235,4474],{"class":77},[52,63237,81],{"class":73},[52,63239,159],{"class":66},[52,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,63243,8204],{"class":58},[52,63245,35],{"class":66},[52,63247,13909],{"class":155},[52,63249,152],{"class":66},[52,63251,81],{"class":73},[52,63253,4483],{"class":77},[52,63255,81],{"class":73},[52,63257,159],{"class":66},[52,63259,63260],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,63261,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,63263,63264,63266,63268,63270],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,63265,149],{"class":148},[52,63267,152],{"class":66},[52,63269,8204],{"class":155},[52,63271,159],{"class":66},[14,63273,164],{},[42,63275,63276],{"className":44,"code":38572,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,63277,63278],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63279,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63281,1709],{"class":66},[52,63283,177],{"class":73},[52,63285,4474],{"class":77},[52,63287,177],{"class":73},[52,63289,193],{"class":66},[52,63291,186],{"class":73},[52,63293,4483],{"class":77},[52,63295,177],{"class":73},[52,63297,4030],{"class":66},[14,63299,63300,63301,63303],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[49,63302,4184],{},". Both are valid.",[37,63305,63307],{"id":63306},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[487,63309,63311],{"id":63310},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[42,63313,63314],{"className":44,"code":60076,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,63315,63316,63338],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63317,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63319,4012],{"class":58},[52,63321,63],{"class":62},[52,63323,22698],{"class":646},[52,63325,5908],{"class":66},[52,63327,1565],{"class":110},[52,63329,193],{"class":66},[52,63331,1570],{"class":110},[52,63333,193],{"class":66},[52,63335,2850],{"class":110},[52,63337,742],{"class":66},[52,63339,63340,63342,63344,63346],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63341,149],{"class":148},[52,63343,152],{"class":66},[52,63345,1578],{"class":155},[52,63347,159],{"class":66},[14,63349,164],{},[42,63351,63352],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,63353,63354],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63355,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63357,1709],{"class":66},[52,63359,1565],{"class":110},[52,63361,193],{"class":66},[52,63363,1570],{"class":110},[52,63365,193],{"class":66},[52,63367,2850],{"class":110},[52,63369,4030],{"class":66},[14,63371,63372,63373,35],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[26,63374,63376],{"href":63375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[487,63378,63380],{"id":63379},"string-to-list","String to list",[42,63382,63384],{"className":44,"code":63383,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,63385,63386,63404],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63387,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63389,36237],{"class":58},[52,63391,63],{"class":62},[52,63393,22698],{"class":646},[52,63395,152],{"class":66},[52,63397,81],{"class":73},[52,63399,37195],{"class":77},[52,63401,81],{"class":73},[52,63403,159],{"class":66},[52,63405,63406,63408,63410,63412],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63407,149],{"class":148},[52,63409,152],{"class":66},[52,63411,36290],{"class":155},[52,63413,159],{"class":66},[14,63415,164],{},[42,63417,63419],{"className":44,"code":63418,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[49,63420,63421],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63422,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63446,63448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63424,1709],{"class":66},[52,63426,177],{"class":73},[52,63428,10111],{"class":77},[52,63430,177],{"class":73},[52,63432,193],{"class":66},[52,63434,186],{"class":73},[52,63436,26],{"class":77},[52,63438,177],{"class":73},[52,63440,193],{"class":66},[52,63442,186],{"class":73},[52,63444,63445],{"class":77},"t",[52,63447,177],{"class":73},[52,63449,4030],{"class":66},[14,63451,63452,63454],{},[49,63453,24920],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[487,63456,63458],{"id":63457},"range-to-list","Range to list",[42,63460,63462],{"className":44,"code":63461,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,63463,63464,63482],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63467,4012],{"class":58},[52,63469,63],{"class":62},[52,63471,22698],{"class":646},[52,63473,152],{"class":66},[52,63475,60156],{"class":148},[52,63477,152],{"class":66},[52,63479,2531],{"class":110},[52,63481,742],{"class":66},[52,63483,63484,63486,63488,63490],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63485,149],{"class":148},[52,63487,152],{"class":66},[52,63489,1578],{"class":155},[52,63491,159],{"class":66},[14,63493,164],{},[42,63495,63496],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,63497,63498],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63499,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63501,1709],{"class":66},[52,63503,2514],{"class":110},[52,63505,193],{"class":66},[52,63507,5895],{"class":110},[52,63509,193],{"class":66},[52,63511,1570],{"class":110},[52,63513,193],{"class":66},[52,63515,2850],{"class":110},[52,63517,193],{"class":66},[52,63519,2856],{"class":110},[52,63521,4030],{"class":66},[14,63523,63524,63525,63529],{},"This is common when working with ",[26,63526,63527],{"href":36342},[49,63528,36345],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[487,63531,63533],{"id":63532},"set-to-list","Set to list",[42,63535,63537],{"className":44,"code":63536,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[49,63538,63539,63561],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63540,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63542,4218],{"class":58},[52,63544,63],{"class":62},[52,63546,22698],{"class":646},[52,63548,5927],{"class":66},[52,63550,2728],{"class":110},[52,63552,193],{"class":66},[52,63554,111],{"class":110},[52,63556,193],{"class":66},[52,63558,1929],{"class":110},[52,63560,30638],{"class":66},[52,63562,63563,63565,63567,63569],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63564,149],{"class":148},[52,63566,152],{"class":66},[52,63568,2071],{"class":155},[52,63570,159],{"class":66},[14,63572,2093],{},[42,63574,63576],{"className":44,"code":63575,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[49,63577,63578],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63579,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63581,1709],{"class":66},[52,63583,2728],{"class":110},[52,63585,193],{"class":66},[52,63587,111],{"class":110},[52,63589,193],{"class":66},[52,63591,1929],{"class":110},[52,63593,4030],{"class":66},[14,63595,63596],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[487,63598,63600],{"id":63599},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[42,63602,63604],{"className":44,"code":63603,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,63605,63606,63642,63656,63660],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63607,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63609,13560],{"class":58},[52,63611,63],{"class":62},[52,63613,1799],{"class":66},[52,63615,81],{"class":73},[52,63617,78],{"class":77},[52,63619,81],{"class":73},[52,63621,84],{"class":66},[52,63623,87],{"class":73},[52,63625,90],{"class":77},[52,63627,81],{"class":73},[52,63629,193],{"class":66},[52,63631,87],{"class":73},[52,63633,103],{"class":77},[52,63635,81],{"class":73},[52,63637,84],{"class":66},[52,63639,9684],{"class":110},[52,63641,135],{"class":66},[52,63643,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63645,2626],{"class":58},[52,63647,63],{"class":62},[52,63649,22698],{"class":646},[52,63651,152],{"class":66},[52,63653,17442],{"class":155},[52,63655,159],{"class":66},[52,63657,63658],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,63659,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,63661,63662,63664,63666,63668],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,63663,149],{"class":148},[52,63665,152],{"class":66},[52,63667,2661],{"class":155},[52,63669,159],{"class":66},[14,63671,164],{},[42,63673,63674],{"className":44,"code":25620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,63675,63676],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63677,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63679,1709],{"class":66},[52,63681,177],{"class":73},[52,63683,78],{"class":77},[52,63685,177],{"class":73},[52,63687,193],{"class":66},[52,63689,186],{"class":73},[52,63691,103],{"class":77},[52,63693,177],{"class":73},[52,63695,4030],{"class":66},[14,63697,63698,63699,63701],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[49,63700,24920],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63703,63704,63705,35],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[26,63706,63708],{"href":63707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[37,63710,63712],{"id":63711},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63714,63715],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63717,61313],{},[227,63719,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730],{},[230,63721,5697],{},[230,63723,5700],{},[230,63725,5706],{},[230,63727,5703],{},[230,63729,63155],{},[230,63731,7648],{},[14,63733,63734],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[42,63736,63738],{"className":44,"code":63737,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[49,63739,63740],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63741,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63755,63757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63743,149],{"class":148},[52,63745,152],{"class":66},[52,63747,8488],{"class":646},[52,63749,152],{"class":66},[52,63751,81],{"class":73},[52,63753,63754],{"class":77},"hi",[52,63756,81],{"class":73},[52,63758,742],{"class":66},[14,63760,164],{},[42,63762,63764],{"className":44,"code":63763,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['h', 'i']\n",[49,63765,63766],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63767,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63769,1709],{"class":66},[52,63771,177],{"class":73},[52,63773,60596],{"class":77},[52,63775,177],{"class":73},[52,63777,193],{"class":66},[52,63779,186],{"class":73},[52,63781,36301],{"class":77},[52,63783,177],{"class":73},[52,63785,4030],{"class":66},[14,63787,63788],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[42,63790,63792],{"className":44,"code":63791,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(5))\n",[49,63793,63794],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63795,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63797,149],{"class":148},[52,63799,152],{"class":66},[52,63801,8488],{"class":646},[52,63803,152],{"class":66},[52,63805,2531],{"class":110},[52,63807,742],{"class":66},[14,63809,164],{},[42,63811,63813],{"className":44,"code":63812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[49,63814,63815],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63816,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63818,3401],{"class":646},[52,63820,84],{"class":66},[52,63822,186],{"class":73},[52,63824,2585],{"class":77},[52,63826,177],{"class":73},[52,63828,24756],{"class":646},[52,63830,8491],{"class":62},[52,63832,8494],{"class":62},[52,63834,63835],{"class":58}," iterable\n",[14,63837,63838,63839,63841,63842,35],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[26,63840,5533],{"href":5984},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[26,63843,63844],{"href":52755},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[37,63846,63848],{"id":63847},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63850,63851,63852,63855],{},"If you already have a list, ",[49,63853,63854],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[42,63857,63859],{"className":44,"code":63858,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[49,63860,63861,63881,63895,63899,63909,63919],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63862,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63864,12443],{"class":58},[52,63866,63],{"class":62},[52,63868,4017],{"class":66},[52,63870,1565],{"class":110},[52,63872,193],{"class":66},[52,63874,1570],{"class":110},[52,63876,193],{"class":66},[52,63878,2850],{"class":110},[52,63880,4030],{"class":66},[52,63882,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63884,14666],{"class":58},[52,63886,63],{"class":62},[52,63888,22698],{"class":646},[52,63890,152],{"class":66},[52,63892,12490],{"class":155},[52,63894,159],{"class":66},[52,63896,63897],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,63898,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,63900,63901,63903,63905,63907],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,63902,149],{"class":148},[52,63904,152],{"class":66},[52,63906,12490],{"class":155},[52,63908,159],{"class":66},[52,63910,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,63912,149],{"class":148},[52,63914,152],{"class":66},[52,63916,14685],{"class":155},[52,63918,159],{"class":66},[52,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,63922,149],{"class":148},[52,63924,152],{"class":66},[52,63926,12443],{"class":155},[52,63928,12551],{"class":4272},[52,63930,14739],{"class":155},[52,63932,159],{"class":66},[14,63934,164],{},[42,63936,63938],{"className":44,"code":63937,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[49,63939,63940,63956,63972],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63941,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63943,1709],{"class":66},[52,63945,1565],{"class":110},[52,63947,193],{"class":66},[52,63949,1570],{"class":110},[52,63951,193],{"class":66},[52,63953,2850],{"class":110},[52,63955,4030],{"class":66},[52,63957,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,63959,1709],{"class":66},[52,63961,1565],{"class":110},[52,63963,193],{"class":66},[52,63965,1570],{"class":110},[52,63967,193],{"class":66},[52,63969,2850],{"class":110},[52,63971,4030],{"class":66},[52,63973,63974],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,63975,4435],{"class":128},[14,63977,63978,63979,63981],{},"This means ",[49,63980,14685],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63983,63984,63985,63987],{},"However, this is only a ",[18,63986,13208],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[42,63989,63991],{"className":44,"code":63990,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[49,63992,63993,64019,64033,64037,64055,64059,64069],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,63994,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63996,12443],{"class":58},[52,63998,63],{"class":62},[52,64000,56450],{"class":66},[52,64002,1565],{"class":110},[52,64004,193],{"class":66},[52,64006,1570],{"class":110},[52,64008,18198],{"class":66},[52,64010,4017],{"class":66},[52,64012,2457],{"class":110},[52,64014,193],{"class":66},[52,64016,2856],{"class":110},[52,64018,53398],{"class":66},[52,64020,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64022,14666],{"class":58},[52,64024,63],{"class":62},[52,64026,22698],{"class":646},[52,64028,152],{"class":66},[52,64030,12490],{"class":155},[52,64032,159],{"class":66},[52,64034,64035],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,64036,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,64038,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,64040,14685],{"class":58},[52,64042,1709],{"class":66},[52,64044,2514],{"class":110},[52,64046,13906],{"class":66},[52,64048,13909],{"class":155},[52,64050,152],{"class":66},[52,64052,56503],{"class":110},[52,64054,159],{"class":66},[52,64056,64057],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,64058,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,64060,64061,64063,64065,64067],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,64062,149],{"class":148},[52,64064,152],{"class":66},[52,64066,12490],{"class":155},[52,64068,159],{"class":66},[52,64070,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,64072,149],{"class":148},[52,64074,152],{"class":66},[52,64076,14685],{"class":155},[52,64078,159],{"class":66},[14,64080,164],{},[42,64082,64083],{"className":44,"code":56534,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,64084,64085,64111],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64086,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64088,56541],{"class":66},[52,64090,1565],{"class":110},[52,64092,193],{"class":66},[52,64094,1570],{"class":110},[52,64096,193],{"class":66},[52,64098,10568],{"class":110},[52,64100,18198],{"class":66},[52,64102,4017],{"class":66},[52,64104,2457],{"class":110},[52,64106,193],{"class":66},[52,64108,2856],{"class":110},[52,64110,53398],{"class":66},[52,64112,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64114,56541],{"class":66},[52,64116,1565],{"class":110},[52,64118,193],{"class":66},[52,64120,1570],{"class":110},[52,64122,193],{"class":66},[52,64124,10568],{"class":110},[52,64126,18198],{"class":66},[52,64128,4017],{"class":66},[52,64130,2457],{"class":110},[52,64132,193],{"class":66},[52,64134,2856],{"class":110},[52,64136,53398],{"class":66},[14,64138,64139],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64141,64142,64143,35],{},"For more on this, see ",[26,64144,14146],{"href":14145},[37,64146,64148],{"id":64147},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64150,64151,64152,35],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[49,64153,24920],{},[487,64155,64157],{"id":64156},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[42,64159,64161],{"className":44,"code":64160,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[49,64162,64163,64203],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64164,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64166,59],{"class":58},[52,64168,63],{"class":62},[52,64170,1799],{"class":66},[52,64172,81],{"class":73},[52,64174,78],{"class":77},[52,64176,81],{"class":73},[52,64178,84],{"class":66},[52,64180,87],{"class":73},[52,64182,8316],{"class":77},[52,64184,81],{"class":73},[52,64186,193],{"class":66},[52,64188,87],{"class":73},[52,64190,20028],{"class":77},[52,64192,81],{"class":73},[52,64194,84],{"class":66},[52,64196,87],{"class":73},[52,64198,22383],{"class":77},[52,64200,81],{"class":73},[52,64202,135],{"class":66},[52,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64206,149],{"class":148},[52,64208,152],{"class":66},[52,64210,8488],{"class":646},[52,64212,152],{"class":66},[52,64214,156],{"class":155},[52,64216,742],{"class":66},[14,64218,164],{},[42,64220,64222],{"className":44,"code":64221,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['name', 'grade']\n",[49,64223,64224],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64225,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64227,1709],{"class":66},[52,64229,177],{"class":73},[52,64231,78],{"class":77},[52,64233,177],{"class":73},[52,64235,193],{"class":66},[52,64237,186],{"class":73},[52,64239,20028],{"class":77},[52,64241,177],{"class":73},[52,64243,4030],{"class":66},[487,64245,64247],{"id":64246},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[42,64249,64251],{"className":44,"code":64250,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[49,64252,64253,64293],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64254,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64256,59],{"class":58},[52,64258,63],{"class":62},[52,64260,1799],{"class":66},[52,64262,81],{"class":73},[52,64264,78],{"class":77},[52,64266,81],{"class":73},[52,64268,84],{"class":66},[52,64270,87],{"class":73},[52,64272,8316],{"class":77},[52,64274,81],{"class":73},[52,64276,193],{"class":66},[52,64278,87],{"class":73},[52,64280,20028],{"class":77},[52,64282,81],{"class":73},[52,64284,84],{"class":66},[52,64286,87],{"class":73},[52,64288,22383],{"class":77},[52,64290,81],{"class":73},[52,64292,135],{"class":66},[52,64294,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64296,149],{"class":148},[52,64298,152],{"class":66},[52,64300,8488],{"class":646},[52,64302,152],{"class":66},[52,64304,156],{"class":155},[52,64306,35],{"class":66},[52,64308,2071],{"class":155},[52,64310,6688],{"class":66},[14,64312,164],{},[42,64314,64316],{"className":44,"code":64315,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[49,64317,64318],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64319,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64321,1709],{"class":66},[52,64323,177],{"class":73},[52,64325,8316],{"class":77},[52,64327,177],{"class":73},[52,64329,193],{"class":66},[52,64331,186],{"class":73},[52,64333,22383],{"class":77},[52,64335,177],{"class":73},[52,64337,4030],{"class":66},[487,64339,64341],{"id":64340},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[42,64343,64345],{"className":44,"code":64344,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[49,64346,64347,64387],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64348,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64350,59],{"class":58},[52,64352,63],{"class":62},[52,64354,1799],{"class":66},[52,64356,81],{"class":73},[52,64358,78],{"class":77},[52,64360,81],{"class":73},[52,64362,84],{"class":66},[52,64364,87],{"class":73},[52,64366,8316],{"class":77},[52,64368,81],{"class":73},[52,64370,193],{"class":66},[52,64372,87],{"class":73},[52,64374,20028],{"class":77},[52,64376,81],{"class":73},[52,64378,84],{"class":66},[52,64380,87],{"class":73},[52,64382,22383],{"class":77},[52,64384,81],{"class":73},[52,64386,135],{"class":66},[52,64388,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64390,149],{"class":148},[52,64392,152],{"class":66},[52,64394,8488],{"class":646},[52,64396,152],{"class":66},[52,64398,156],{"class":155},[52,64400,35],{"class":66},[52,64402,8204],{"class":155},[52,64404,6688],{"class":66},[14,64406,164],{},[42,64408,64410],{"className":44,"code":64409,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[49,64411,64412],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64413,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64415,21878],{"class":66},[52,64417,177],{"class":73},[52,64419,78],{"class":77},[52,64421,177],{"class":73},[52,64423,193],{"class":66},[52,64425,186],{"class":73},[52,64427,8316],{"class":77},[52,64429,177],{"class":73},[52,64431,1115],{"class":66},[52,64433,1118],{"class":66},[52,64435,177],{"class":73},[52,64437,20028],{"class":77},[52,64439,177],{"class":73},[52,64441,193],{"class":66},[52,64443,186],{"class":73},[52,64445,22383],{"class":77},[52,64447,177],{"class":73},[52,64449,1151],{"class":66},[14,64451,64452],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[37,64454,64456],{"id":64455},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64458,340,64459,10970],{},[49,64460,24920],{},[227,64462,64463,64471,64480],{},[230,64464,64465,64466,30,64468],{},"you need list methods like ",[49,64467,52808],{},[49,64469,64470],{},"sort()",[230,64472,64473,64474,30,64476,64479],{},"you want to convert ",[49,64475,36345],{},[49,64477,64478],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[230,64481,64482],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64484,46193,64485,84],{},[49,64486,64478],{},[42,64488,64490],{"className":44,"code":64489,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[49,64491,64492,64516,64532,64536,64559],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64493,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64495,5392],{"class":58},[52,64497,63],{"class":62},[52,64499,4017],{"class":66},[52,64501,81],{"class":73},[52,64503,90],{"class":77},[52,64505,81],{"class":73},[52,64507,193],{"class":66},[52,64509,87],{"class":73},[52,64511,36087],{"class":77},[52,64513,81],{"class":73},[52,64515,4030],{"class":66},[52,64517,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64519,1441],{"class":58},[52,64521,63],{"class":62},[52,64523,4017],{"class":66},[52,64525,13858],{"class":110},[52,64527,193],{"class":66},[52,64529,13863],{"class":110},[52,64531,4030],{"class":66},[52,64533,64534],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,64535,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,64537,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,64539,1093],{"class":58},[52,64541,63],{"class":62},[52,64543,22698],{"class":646},[52,64545,152],{"class":66},[52,64547,64548],{"class":148},"zip",[52,64550,152],{"class":66},[52,64552,5436],{"class":155},[52,64554,193],{"class":66},[52,64556,5507],{"class":155},[52,64558,742],{"class":66},[52,64560,64561,64563,64565,64567],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,64562,149],{"class":148},[52,64564,152],{"class":66},[52,64566,1168],{"class":155},[52,64568,159],{"class":66},[14,64570,164],{},[42,64572,64574],{"className":44,"code":64573,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[49,64575,64576],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64579,21878],{"class":66},[52,64581,177],{"class":73},[52,64583,90],{"class":77},[52,64585,177],{"class":73},[52,64587,193],{"class":66},[52,64589,20035],{"class":110},[52,64591,1115],{"class":66},[52,64593,1118],{"class":66},[52,64595,177],{"class":73},[52,64597,36087],{"class":77},[52,64599,177],{"class":73},[52,64601,193],{"class":66},[52,64603,13863],{"class":110},[52,64605,1151],{"class":66},[14,64607,64608,64609,64611,64612,35],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[49,64610,52808],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[26,64613,53205],{"href":53204},[37,64615,4915],{"id":4914},[14,64617,56932,64618,35],{},[49,64619,24920],{},[487,64621,64623],{"id":64622},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64625,4922],{},[42,64627,64629],{"className":44,"code":64628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[49,64630,64631,64635],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64632,64633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64634,4932],{"class":1017},[52,64636,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64638,8488],{"class":646},[52,64640,152],{"class":66},[52,64642,1565],{"class":110},[52,64644,193],{"class":66},[52,64646,1570],{"class":110},[52,64648,193],{"class":66},[52,64650,2850],{"class":110},[52,64652,159],{"class":66},[14,64654,64655,64657],{},[49,64656,24920],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64659,18831],{},[42,64661,64663],{"className":44,"code":64662,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[49,64664,64665],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64666,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64668,149],{"class":148},[52,64670,152],{"class":66},[52,64672,8488],{"class":646},[52,64674,5908],{"class":66},[52,64676,1565],{"class":110},[52,64678,193],{"class":66},[52,64680,1570],{"class":110},[52,64682,193],{"class":66},[52,64684,2850],{"class":110},[52,64686,1291],{"class":66},[487,64688,64690,64691],{"id":64689},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[52,64692,64693],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64695,64696],{},"This is a common surprise:",[42,64698,64700],{"className":44,"code":64699,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[49,64701,64702],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64703,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64705,149],{"class":148},[52,64707,152],{"class":66},[52,64709,8488],{"class":646},[52,64711,152],{"class":66},[52,64713,81],{"class":73},[52,64715,4241],{"class":77},[52,64717,81],{"class":73},[52,64719,742],{"class":66},[14,64721,164],{},[42,64723,64725],{"className":44,"code":64724,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[49,64726,64727],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64728,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64730,1709],{"class":66},[52,64732,177],{"class":73},[52,64734,60596],{"class":77},[52,64736,177],{"class":73},[52,64738,193],{"class":66},[52,64740,186],{"class":73},[52,64742,60605],{"class":77},[52,64744,177],{"class":73},[52,64746,193],{"class":66},[52,64748,186],{"class":73},[52,64750,60614],{"class":77},[52,64752,177],{"class":73},[52,64754,193],{"class":66},[52,64756,186],{"class":73},[52,64758,60614],{"class":77},[52,64760,177],{"class":73},[52,64762,193],{"class":66},[52,64764,186],{"class":73},[52,64766,60631],{"class":77},[52,64768,177],{"class":73},[52,64770,4030],{"class":66},[14,64772,64773],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64775,64776],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[42,64778,64780],{"className":44,"code":64779,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[49,64781,64782],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64783,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64785,149],{"class":148},[52,64787,2152],{"class":66},[52,64789,81],{"class":73},[52,64791,4241],{"class":77},[52,64793,81],{"class":73},[52,64795,1718],{"class":66},[487,64797,64799],{"id":64798},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64801,64802],{},"This:",[42,64804,64806],{"className":44,"code":64805,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[49,64807,64808,64840],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,64809,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64811,616],{"class":58},[52,64813,63],{"class":62},[52,64815,1799],{"class":66},[52,64817,81],{"class":73},[52,64819,26],{"class":77},[52,64821,81],{"class":73},[52,64823,84],{"class":66},[52,64825,5895],{"class":110},[52,64827,193],{"class":66},[52,64829,87],{"class":73},[52,64831,5157],{"class":77},[52,64833,81],{"class":73},[52,64835,84],{"class":66},[52,64837,1570],{"class":110},[52,64839,135],{"class":66},[52,64841,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,64843,149],{"class":148},[52,64845,152],{"class":66},[52,64847,8488],{"class":646},[52,64849,152],{"class":66},[52,64851,630],{"class":155},[52,64853,742],{"class":66},[14,64855,64856],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64858,340,64859,64862],{},[49,64860,64861],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[487,64864,64866],{"id":64865},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64868,64869,64871],{},[49,64870,24920],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64873,64874],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[37,64876,2220],{"id":2219},[487,64878,2259,64880,64882],{"id":64879},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[52,64881],{}," and list()?",[14,64884,64885,64886,64888,64889,64891],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[49,64887,4184],{}," is shorter. ",[49,64890,24920],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[487,64893,64895],{"id":64894},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64897,64898,64899,64901],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[49,64900,24920],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[487,64903,64905],{"id":64904},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64907,64908],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[487,64910,64912],{"id":64911},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64914,64915],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[487,64917,64919],{"id":64918},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64921,64922,64923,64925],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[49,64924,24920],{}," cannot loop through it.",[37,64927,2277],{"id":2276},[227,64929,64930,64934,64939,64943,64947,64951,64955,64960],{},[230,64931,64932],{},[26,64933,52927],{"href":51134},[230,64935,64936],{},[26,64937,64938],{"href":36342},"Python range() function explained",[230,64940,64941],{},[26,64942,63376],{"href":63375},[230,64944,64945],{},[26,64946,63708],{"href":63707},[230,64948,64949],{},[26,64950,5613],{"href":5984},[230,64952,64953],{},[26,64954,14146],{"href":14145},[230,64956,64957],{},[26,64958,64959],{"href":52755},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[230,64961,64962],{},[26,64963,54434],{"href":53204},[2315,64965,64966],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":64968},[64969,64970,64971,64972,64973,64980,64981,64982,64987,64988,64995,65003],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":63078,"depth":70,"text":63079},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":59777,"depth":70,"text":59778},{"id":63306,"depth":70,"text":63307,"children":64974},[64975,64976,64977,64978,64979],{"id":63310,"depth":98,"text":63311},{"id":63379,"depth":98,"text":63380},{"id":63457,"depth":98,"text":63458},{"id":63532,"depth":98,"text":63533},{"id":63599,"depth":98,"text":63600},{"id":63711,"depth":70,"text":63712},{"id":63847,"depth":70,"text":63848},{"id":64147,"depth":70,"text":64148,"children":64983},[64984,64985,64986],{"id":64156,"depth":98,"text":64157},{"id":64246,"depth":98,"text":64247},{"id":64340,"depth":98,"text":64341},{"id":64455,"depth":70,"text":64456},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":64989},[64990,64991,64993,64994],{"id":64622,"depth":98,"text":64623},{"id":64689,"depth":98,"text":64992},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64798,"depth":98,"text":64799},{"id":64865,"depth":98,"text":64866},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":64996},[64997,64999,65000,65001,65002],{"id":64879,"depth":98,"text":64998},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64894,"depth":98,"text":64895},{"id":64904,"depth":98,"text":64905},{"id":64911,"depth":98,"text":64912},{"id":64918,"depth":98,"text":64919},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62912,"description":65004},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65011,"title":65012,"body":65013,"description":66364,"extension":2357,"meta":66365,"navigation":141,"path":66366,"seo":66367,"stem":66368,"__hash__":66369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65014,"toc":66338},[65015,65020,65026,65035,65037,65110,65119,65124,65128,65144,65148,65150,65152,65171,65174,65202,65205,65230,65238,65240,65245,65252,65254,65311,65313,65321,65327,65331,65334,65407,65409,65417,65420,65443,65450,65456,65460,65466,65537,65539,65547,65556,65563,65570,65578,65722,65724,65741,65744,65783,65786,65790,65795,65797,65856,65862,65865,65972,65974,65989,65992,65999,66001,66005,66153,66156,66217,66220,66223,66244,66249,66253,66264,66267,66269,66274,66277,66285,66290,66296,66299,66305,66313,66315,66335],[10,65016,54498,65018,11684],{"id":65017},"python-list-index-method",[49,65019,59125],{},[14,65021,65022,65025],{},[49,65023,65024],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,65027,65028,65029,65032,65033,35],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[18,65030,65031],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[49,65034,40854],{},[37,65036,4002],{"id":4001},[42,65038,65040],{"className":44,"code":65039,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[49,65041,65042,65074,65097],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65043,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65045,8175],{"class":58},[52,65047,63],{"class":62},[52,65049,4017],{"class":66},[52,65051,81],{"class":73},[52,65053,4474],{"class":77},[52,65055,81],{"class":73},[52,65057,193],{"class":66},[52,65059,87],{"class":73},[52,65061,4483],{"class":77},[52,65063,81],{"class":73},[52,65065,193],{"class":66},[52,65067,87],{"class":73},[52,65069,4492],{"class":77},[52,65071,81],{"class":73},[52,65073,4030],{"class":66},[52,65075,65076,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65077,65078],{"class":58},"position ",[52,65080,63],{"class":62},[52,65082,6364],{"class":58},[52,65084,35],{"class":66},[52,65086,35992],{"class":155},[52,65088,152],{"class":66},[52,65090,81],{"class":73},[52,65092,4483],{"class":77},[52,65094,81],{"class":73},[52,65096,159],{"class":66},[52,65098,65099,65101,65103,65106,65108],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65100,149],{"class":148},[52,65102,152],{"class":66},[52,65104,65105],{"class":155},"position",[52,65107,4056],{"class":66},[52,65109,27920],{"class":1017},[14,65111,340,65112,65115,65116,65118],{},[49,65113,65114],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[49,65117,40854],{}," if the item is not found.",[37,65120,4073,65122,4076],{"id":65121},"what-listindex-does",[49,65123,65024],{},[14,65125,65126,84],{},[49,65127,65024],{},[227,65129,65130,65133,65136,65141],{},[230,65131,65132],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[230,65134,65135],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[230,65137,65138,65139],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[49,65140,2514],{},[230,65142,65143],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65145,54723,65146,35],{},[26,65147,52927],{"href":54726},[37,65149,2553],{"id":2552},[14,65151,30867],{},[42,65153,65155],{"className":44,"code":65154,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.index(value)\n",[49,65156,65157],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65158,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65160,8734],{"class":58},[52,65162,35],{"class":66},[52,65164,35992],{"class":155},[52,65166,152],{"class":66},[52,65168,263],{"class":155},[52,65170,159],{"class":66},[14,65172,65173],{},"You can also limit the search:",[42,65175,65177],{"className":44,"code":65176,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[49,65178,65179],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65180,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65182,8734],{"class":58},[52,65184,35],{"class":66},[52,65186,35992],{"class":155},[52,65188,152],{"class":66},[52,65190,263],{"class":155},[52,65192,193],{"class":66},[52,65194,36198],{"class":155},[52,65196,193],{"class":66},[52,65198,65199],{"class":155}," end",[52,65201,159],{"class":66},[14,65203,65204],{},"Here is what each part means:",[227,65206,65207,65212,65217,65222],{},[230,65208,65209,65211],{},[49,65210,263],{},": the item to search for",[230,65213,65214,65216],{},[49,65215,36219],{},": where the search begins",[230,65218,65219,65221],{},[49,65220,52816],{},": where the search stops",[230,65223,65224,5180,65226,65229],{},[49,65225,52816],{},[18,65227,65228],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65231,65232,65233,65235,65236,35],{},"This means Python searches from ",[49,65234,36219],{}," up to, but not including, ",[49,65237,52816],{},[37,65239,38169],{"id":38168},[14,65241,65242,65244],{},[49,65243,65024],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65246,65247,65248,65251],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[18,65249,65250],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65253,511],{},[42,65255,65257],{"className":44,"code":65256,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,65258,65259,65279,65297,65301],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65260,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65262,4012],{"class":58},[52,65264,63],{"class":62},[52,65266,4017],{"class":66},[52,65268,2728],{"class":110},[52,65270,193],{"class":66},[52,65272,111],{"class":110},[52,65274,193],{"class":66},[52,65276,1929],{"class":110},[52,65278,4030],{"class":66},[52,65280,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65282,2626],{"class":58},[52,65284,63],{"class":62},[52,65286,4659],{"class":58},[52,65288,35],{"class":66},[52,65290,35992],{"class":155},[52,65292,152],{"class":66},[52,65294,852],{"class":110},[52,65296,159],{"class":66},[52,65298,65299],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65300,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,65302,65303,65305,65307,65309],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,65304,149],{"class":148},[52,65306,152],{"class":66},[52,65308,2661],{"class":155},[52,65310,159],{"class":66},[14,65312,164],{},[42,65314,65315],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,65316,65317],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65318,65319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65320,47070],{"class":110},[14,65322,65323,65324,65326],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[49,65325,59125],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[37,65328,65330],{"id":65329},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65332,65333],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[42,65335,65337],{"className":44,"code":65336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[49,65338,65339,65371,65393,65397],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65340,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65342,36386],{"class":58},[52,65344,63],{"class":62},[52,65346,4017],{"class":66},[52,65348,81],{"class":73},[52,65350,4474],{"class":77},[52,65352,81],{"class":73},[52,65354,193],{"class":66},[52,65356,87],{"class":73},[52,65358,4483],{"class":77},[52,65360,81],{"class":73},[52,65362,193],{"class":66},[52,65364,87],{"class":73},[52,65366,4492],{"class":77},[52,65368,81],{"class":73},[52,65370,4030],{"class":66},[52,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65374,65078],{"class":58},[52,65376,63],{"class":62},[52,65378,53007],{"class":58},[52,65380,35],{"class":66},[52,65382,35992],{"class":155},[52,65384,152],{"class":66},[52,65386,81],{"class":73},[52,65388,4492],{"class":77},[52,65390,81],{"class":73},[52,65392,159],{"class":66},[52,65394,65395],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65396,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,65398,65399,65401,65403,65405],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,65400,149],{"class":148},[52,65402,152],{"class":66},[52,65404,65105],{"class":155},[52,65406,159],{"class":66},[14,65408,164],{},[42,65410,65411],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,65412,65413],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65414,65415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65416,2192],{"class":110},[14,65418,65419],{},"In this list:",[227,65421,65422,65429,65436],{},[230,65423,65424,65426,65427],{},[49,65425,57990],{}," is at index ",[49,65428,2514],{},[230,65430,65431,65426,65434],{},[49,65432,65433],{},"\"banana\"",[49,65435,1565],{},[230,65437,65438,65426,65441],{},[49,65439,65440],{},"\"cherry\"",[49,65442,2451],{},[14,65444,53809,65445,2795,65448,35],{},[49,65446,65447],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[49,65449,2451],{},[14,65451,51698,65452,35],{},[26,65453,65455],{"href":65454},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[37,65457,65459],{"id":65458},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65461,65462,65463,65465],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[49,65464,59125],{}," returns the first match only.",[42,65467,65469],{"className":44,"code":65468,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[49,65470,65471,65511,65515],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65472,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65474,13431],{"class":58},[52,65476,63],{"class":62},[52,65478,4017],{"class":66},[52,65480,81],{"class":73},[52,65482,13448],{"class":77},[52,65484,81],{"class":73},[52,65486,193],{"class":66},[52,65488,87],{"class":73},[52,65490,13465],{"class":77},[52,65492,81],{"class":73},[52,65494,193],{"class":66},[52,65496,87],{"class":73},[52,65498,13448],{"class":77},[52,65500,81],{"class":73},[52,65502,193],{"class":66},[52,65504,87],{"class":73},[52,65506,17591],{"class":77},[52,65508,81],{"class":73},[52,65510,4030],{"class":66},[52,65512,65513],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65514,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,65516,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65518,149],{"class":148},[52,65520,152],{"class":66},[52,65522,17638],{"class":155},[52,65524,35],{"class":66},[52,65526,35992],{"class":155},[52,65528,152],{"class":66},[52,65530,81],{"class":73},[52,65532,13448],{"class":77},[52,65534,81],{"class":73},[52,65536,742],{"class":66},[14,65538,164],{},[42,65540,65541],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,65542,65543],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65544,65545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65546,47405],{"class":110},[14,65548,21115,65549,65552,65553,65555],{},[49,65550,65551],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[49,65554,2514],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65557,65558,65559,35],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[26,65560,55676,65561,2292],{"href":59184},[49,65562,57447],{},[37,65564,8813,65566,2262,65568],{"id":65565},"using-start-and-end",[49,65567,36219],{},[49,65569,52816],{},[14,65571,65572,65573,2262,65575,65577],{},"The optional ",[49,65574,36219],{},[49,65576,52816],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[42,65579,65581],{"className":44,"code":65580,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[49,65582,65583,65631,65635,65660,65689],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65584,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65586,36237],{"class":58},[52,65588,63],{"class":62},[52,65590,4017],{"class":66},[52,65592,81],{"class":73},[52,65594,26],{"class":77},[52,65596,81],{"class":73},[52,65598,193],{"class":66},[52,65600,87],{"class":73},[52,65602,5157],{"class":77},[52,65604,81],{"class":73},[52,65606,193],{"class":66},[52,65608,87],{"class":73},[52,65610,10111],{"class":77},[52,65612,81],{"class":73},[52,65614,193],{"class":66},[52,65616,87],{"class":73},[52,65618,5157],{"class":77},[52,65620,81],{"class":73},[52,65622,193],{"class":66},[52,65624,87],{"class":73},[52,65626,18904],{"class":77},[52,65628,81],{"class":73},[52,65630,4030],{"class":66},[52,65632,65633],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65634,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,65636,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65638,149],{"class":148},[52,65640,152],{"class":66},[52,65642,36290],{"class":155},[52,65644,35],{"class":66},[52,65646,35992],{"class":155},[52,65648,152],{"class":66},[52,65650,81],{"class":73},[52,65652,5157],{"class":77},[52,65654,81],{"class":73},[52,65656,5758],{"class":66},[52,65658,65659],{"class":1017},"        # first match\n",[52,65661,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,65663,149],{"class":148},[52,65665,152],{"class":66},[52,65667,36290],{"class":155},[52,65669,35],{"class":66},[52,65671,35992],{"class":155},[52,65673,152],{"class":66},[52,65675,81],{"class":73},[52,65677,5157],{"class":77},[52,65679,81],{"class":73},[52,65681,193],{"class":66},[52,65683,1570],{"class":110},[52,65685,5758],{"class":66},[52,65687,65688],{"class":1017},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[52,65690,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,65692,149],{"class":148},[52,65694,152],{"class":66},[52,65696,36290],{"class":155},[52,65698,35],{"class":66},[52,65700,35992],{"class":155},[52,65702,152],{"class":66},[52,65704,81],{"class":73},[52,65706,5157],{"class":77},[52,65708,81],{"class":73},[52,65710,193],{"class":66},[52,65712,5895],{"class":110},[52,65714,193],{"class":66},[52,65716,2856],{"class":110},[52,65718,5758],{"class":66},[52,65720,65721],{"class":1017},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65723,164],{},[42,65725,65727],{"className":44,"code":65726,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1\n3\n1\n",[49,65728,65729,65733,65737],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65730,65731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65732,47070],{"class":110},[52,65734,65735],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65736,46770],{"class":110},[52,65738,65739],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65740,47070],{"class":110},[14,65742,65743],{},"How this works:",[227,65745,65746,65758,65771],{},[230,65747,65748,65751,65752,65755,65756],{},[49,65749,65750],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[49,65753,65754],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[49,65757,1565],{},[230,65759,65760,65763,65764,65766,65767,65755,65769],{},[49,65761,65762],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[49,65765,2451],{},", so it finds the next ",[49,65768,65754],{},[49,65770,2457],{},[230,65772,65773,65776,65777,2203,65779,2210,65781],{},[49,65774,65775],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[49,65778,1565],{},[49,65780,2451],{},[49,65782,2457],{},[14,65784,65785],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[37,65787,65789],{"id":65788},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65791,65792,65793,35],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[49,65794,40854],{},[14,65796,511],{},[42,65798,65800],{"className":44,"code":65799,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[49,65801,65802,65834],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65803,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65805,8175],{"class":58},[52,65807,63],{"class":62},[52,65809,4017],{"class":66},[52,65811,81],{"class":73},[52,65813,4474],{"class":77},[52,65815,81],{"class":73},[52,65817,193],{"class":66},[52,65819,87],{"class":73},[52,65821,4483],{"class":77},[52,65823,81],{"class":73},[52,65825,193],{"class":66},[52,65827,87],{"class":73},[52,65829,4492],{"class":77},[52,65831,81],{"class":73},[52,65833,4030],{"class":66},[52,65835,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65837,149],{"class":148},[52,65839,152],{"class":66},[52,65841,8204],{"class":155},[52,65843,35],{"class":66},[52,65845,35992],{"class":155},[52,65847,152],{"class":66},[52,65849,81],{"class":73},[52,65851,33364],{"class":77},[52,65853,81],{"class":73},[52,65855,742],{"class":66},[14,65857,39803,65858,65861],{},[49,65859,65860],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65863,65864],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[42,65866,65868],{"className":44,"code":65867,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[49,65869,65870,65902,65915,65919,65932,65951,65957],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65871,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65873,8175],{"class":58},[52,65875,63],{"class":62},[52,65877,4017],{"class":66},[52,65879,81],{"class":73},[52,65881,4474],{"class":77},[52,65883,81],{"class":73},[52,65885,193],{"class":66},[52,65887,87],{"class":73},[52,65889,4483],{"class":77},[52,65891,81],{"class":73},[52,65893,193],{"class":66},[52,65895,87],{"class":73},[52,65897,4492],{"class":77},[52,65899,81],{"class":73},[52,65901,4030],{"class":66},[52,65903,65904,65907,65909,65911,65913],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,65905,65906],{"class":58},"search_value ",[52,65908,63],{"class":62},[52,65910,87],{"class":73},[52,65912,33364],{"class":77},[52,65914,297],{"class":73},[52,65916,65917],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,65918,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,65920,65921,65923,65926,65928,65930],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,65922,7395],{"class":4272},[52,65924,65925],{"class":58}," search_value ",[52,65927,4279],{"class":62},[52,65929,6364],{"class":58},[52,65931,6792],{"class":66},[52,65933,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65949],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,65935,8463],{"class":148},[52,65937,152],{"class":66},[52,65939,8204],{"class":155},[52,65941,35],{"class":66},[52,65943,35992],{"class":155},[52,65945,152],{"class":66},[52,65947,65948],{"class":155},"search_value",[52,65950,742],{"class":66},[52,65952,65953,65955],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,65954,27574],{"class":4272},[52,65956,6792],{"class":66},[52,65958,65959,65961,65963,65965,65968,65970],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,65960,8463],{"class":148},[52,65962,152],{"class":66},[52,65964,81],{"class":73},[52,65966,65967],{"class":77},"Item not found",[52,65969,81],{"class":73},[52,65971,159],{"class":66},[14,65973,164],{},[42,65975,65977],{"className":44,"code":65976,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Item not found\n",[49,65978,65979],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,65980,65981,65984,65986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65982,65983],{"class":58},"Item ",[52,65985,1006],{"class":62},[52,65987,65988],{"class":58}," found\n",[14,65990,65991],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65993,65994,65995,35],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[26,65996,65998],{"href":65997},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[37,66000,4915],{"id":4914},[14,66002,21349,66003,84],{},[49,66004,65024],{},[227,66006,66007,66025,66037,66097],{},[230,66008,25914,66009,2795,66011,66014,66015,66017,66018,5558,66020,66022,66023,35],{},[49,66010,59125],{},[49,66012,66013],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10217,66016],{},"\nPython does ",[18,66019,1006],{},[49,66021,66013],{},". It raises ",[49,66024,40854],{},[230,66026,66027,66028,66030,66033,66034,66036],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10217,66029],{},[49,66031,66032],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[49,66035,65433],{},", not the value itself.",[230,66038,8813,66039,11456,66042,66044,66046,66047,1785,66049,66072,1773,66074],{},[49,66040,66041],{},"index[]",[49,66043,59125],{},[10217,66045],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10217,66048],{},[42,66050,66052],{"className":44,"code":66051,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[49,66053,66054],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66055,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66057,8204],{"class":58},[52,66059,35],{"class":66},[52,66061,35992],{"class":155},[52,66063,152],{"class":66},[52,66065,81],{"class":73},[52,66067,4483],{"class":77},[52,66069,81],{"class":73},[52,66071,159],{"class":66},[10217,66073],{},[42,66075,66077],{"className":44,"code":66076,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[49,66078,66079],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66080,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66082,8204],{"class":58},[52,66084,35],{"class":66},[52,66086,35992],{"class":24889},[52,66088,1709],{"class":66},[52,66090,81],{"class":73},[52,66092,4483],{"class":77},[52,66094,81],{"class":73},[52,66096,4030],{"class":66},[230,66098,66099,66100,66102,2262,66105,66107,66108],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10217,66101],{},[49,66103,66104],{},"\"3\"",[49,66106,2457],{}," are different values in Python.",[42,66109,66111],{"className":44,"code":66110,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[49,66112,66113,66133],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66114,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66116,4012],{"class":58},[52,66118,63],{"class":62},[52,66120,4017],{"class":66},[52,66122,1565],{"class":110},[52,66124,193],{"class":66},[52,66126,1570],{"class":110},[52,66128,193],{"class":66},[52,66130,2850],{"class":110},[52,66132,4030],{"class":66},[52,66134,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66136,149],{"class":148},[52,66138,152],{"class":66},[52,66140,81],{"class":73},[52,66142,2457],{"class":77},[52,66144,81],{"class":73},[52,66146,21311],{"class":4272},[52,66148,4659],{"class":155},[52,66150,4056],{"class":66},[52,66152,5168],{"class":1017},[14,66154,66155],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[42,66157,66159],{"className":44,"code":66158,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[49,66160,66161,66171,66185,66199],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66162,66163,66165,66167,66169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66164,149],{"class":148},[52,66166,152],{"class":66},[52,66168,8734],{"class":155},[52,66170,159],{"class":66},[52,66172,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66174,149],{"class":148},[52,66176,152],{"class":66},[52,66178,734],{"class":646},[52,66180,152],{"class":66},[52,66182,65948],{"class":155},[52,66184,742],{"class":66},[52,66186,66187,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,66188,149],{"class":148},[52,66190,152],{"class":66},[52,66192,65906],{"class":155},[52,66194,4279],{"class":4272},[52,66196,8791],{"class":155},[52,66198,159],{"class":66},[52,66200,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,66202,149],{"class":148},[52,66204,152],{"class":66},[52,66206,8734],{"class":155},[52,66208,35],{"class":66},[52,66210,35992],{"class":155},[52,66212,152],{"class":66},[52,66214,65948],{"class":155},[52,66216,742],{"class":66},[14,66218,66219],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66221,66222],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[227,66224,66225,66228,66235,66241],{},[230,66226,66227],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[230,66229,66230,66231,11456,66233],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[49,66232,66104],{},[49,66234,2457],{},[230,66236,66237,66238,66240],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[49,66239,59125],{}," returns only the first one",[230,66242,66243],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[37,66245,5358,66247],{"id":66246},"when-to-use-index",[49,66248,59125],{},[14,66250,340,66251,10970],{},[49,66252,59125],{},[227,66254,66255,66258,66261],{},[230,66256,66257],{},"You need the position of a known value",[230,66259,66260],{},"You are working with a small list",[230,66262,66263],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66265,66266],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[37,66268,2220],{"id":2219},[487,66270,5539,66272,5542],{"id":66271},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[49,66273,65024],{},[14,66275,66276],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[487,66278,13061,66280,5558,66282,66284],{"id":66279},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[49,66281,65024],{},[49,66283,66013],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66286,66287,66288,7029],{},"No. It raises ",[49,66289,40854],{},[487,66291,5567,66293,66295],{"id":66292},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[49,66294,65024],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66297,66298],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[487,66300,66302,66303,2265],{"id":66301},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[49,66304,59125],{},[14,66306,66307,66308,2262,66310,66312],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[49,66309,36219],{},[49,66311,52816],{}," arguments.",[37,66314,2277],{"id":2276},[227,66316,66317,66321,66325,66329],{},[230,66318,66319],{},[26,66320,59113],{"href":65454},[230,66322,66323],{},[26,66324,52927],{"href":54726},[230,66326,66327],{},[26,66328,65998],{"href":65997},[230,66330,66331],{},[26,66332,55676,66333,2292],{"href":59184},[49,66334,57447],{},[2315,66336,66337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":66339},[66340,66341,66343,66344,66345,66346,66347,66349,66350,66351,66353,66363],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":65121,"depth":70,"text":66342},"What list.index() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":38168,"depth":70,"text":38169},{"id":65329,"depth":70,"text":65330},{"id":65458,"depth":70,"text":65459},{"id":65565,"depth":70,"text":66348},"Using start and end",{"id":65788,"depth":70,"text":65789},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915},{"id":66246,"depth":70,"text":66352},"When to use index()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":66354},[66355,66357,66359,66361],{"id":66271,"depth":98,"text":66356},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66279,"depth":98,"text":66358},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66292,"depth":98,"text":66360},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66301,"depth":98,"text":66362},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65012,"description":66364},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66371,"title":66372,"body":66373,"description":68315,"extension":2357,"meta":68316,"navigation":141,"path":68317,"seo":68318,"stem":68319,"__hash__":68320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66374,"toc":68275},[66375,66380,66385,66388,66397,66454,66460,66465,66469,66483,66489,66491,66514,66531,66533,66594,66596,66628,66641,66643,66646,66746,66748,66826,66832,66836,66844,66848,66854,66909,66911,66935,66939,66942,66995,66997,67021,67025,67028,67081,67083,67107,67111,67117,67188,67190,67231,67237,67244,67247,67252,67260,67265,67273,67275,67372,67374,67443,67450,67455,67457,67461,67466,67468,67539,67541,67570,67576,67578,67605,67608,67631,67635,67638,67660,67663,67686,67688,67748,67750,67782,67788,67793,67846,67848,67873,67876,67925,67927,67948,67952,67957,67960,68015,68017,68044,68051,68055,68060,68131,68134,68148,68153,68158,68160,68174,68186,68191,68193,68198,68203,68207,68210,68216,68222,68229,68237,68239,68272],[10,66376,54498,66378,11684],{"id":66377},"python-list-insert-method",[49,66379,54424],{},[14,66381,66382,66384],{},[49,66383,54067],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66386,66387],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66389,340,66390,66392,66393,35],{},[49,66391,54424],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[26,66394,55676,66395,2292],{"href":56925},[49,66396,52808],{},[42,66398,66400],{"className":44,"code":66399,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,66401,66402,66422,66440,66450],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66403,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66405,4012],{"class":58},[52,66407,63],{"class":62},[52,66409,4017],{"class":66},[52,66411,1565],{"class":110},[52,66413,193],{"class":66},[52,66415,1570],{"class":110},[52,66417,193],{"class":66},[52,66419,2856],{"class":110},[52,66421,4030],{"class":66},[52,66423,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66425,1578],{"class":58},[52,66427,35],{"class":66},[52,66429,54107],{"class":155},[52,66431,152],{"class":66},[52,66433,2451],{"class":110},[52,66435,193],{"class":66},[52,66437,2850],{"class":110},[52,66439,159],{"class":66},[52,66441,66442,66444,66446,66448],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,66443,149],{"class":148},[52,66445,152],{"class":66},[52,66447,1578],{"class":155},[52,66449,159],{"class":66},[52,66451,66452],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,66453,52879],{"class":1017},[14,66455,340,66456,66459],{},[49,66457,66458],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[37,66461,4073,66463,4076],{"id":66462},"what-listinsert-does",[49,66464,54067],{},[14,66466,66467,84],{},[49,66468,54067],{},[227,66470,66471,66474,66477,66479],{},[230,66472,66473],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[230,66475,66476],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[230,66478,54584],{},[230,66480,11786,66481],{},[49,66482,4175],{},[14,66484,66485,66486,66488],{},"That last point is important. ",[49,66487,54424],{}," does not create a new list.",[37,66490,5828],{"id":5827},[42,66492,66494],{"className":44,"code":66493,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[49,66495,66496],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66497,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66499,8734],{"class":58},[52,66501,35],{"class":66},[52,66503,54107],{"class":155},[52,66505,152],{"class":66},[52,66507,35992],{"class":155},[52,66509,193],{"class":66},[52,66511,29648],{"class":155},[52,66513,159],{"class":66},[227,66515,66516,66521,66526],{},[230,66517,66518,66520],{},[49,66519,35992],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[230,66522,66523,66525],{},[49,66524,23449],{}," is the value to add",[230,66527,66528,66529],{},"The first list position is index ",[49,66530,2514],{},[14,66532,511],{},[42,66534,66536],{"className":44,"code":66535,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,66537,66538,66562,66584],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66539,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66541,36237],{"class":58},[52,66543,63],{"class":62},[52,66545,4017],{"class":66},[52,66547,81],{"class":73},[52,66549,26],{"class":77},[52,66551,81],{"class":73},[52,66553,193],{"class":66},[52,66555,87],{"class":73},[52,66557,10111],{"class":77},[52,66559,81],{"class":73},[52,66561,4030],{"class":66},[52,66563,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66565,36290],{"class":58},[52,66567,35],{"class":66},[52,66569,54107],{"class":155},[52,66571,152],{"class":66},[52,66573,1565],{"class":110},[52,66575,193],{"class":66},[52,66577,87],{"class":73},[52,66579,5157],{"class":77},[52,66581,81],{"class":73},[52,66583,159],{"class":66},[52,66585,66586,66588,66590,66592],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,66587,149],{"class":148},[52,66589,152],{"class":66},[52,66591,36290],{"class":155},[52,66593,159],{"class":66},[14,66595,164],{},[42,66597,66598],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,66599,66600],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66601,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66603,1709],{"class":66},[52,66605,177],{"class":73},[52,66607,26],{"class":77},[52,66609,177],{"class":73},[52,66611,193],{"class":66},[52,66613,186],{"class":73},[52,66615,5157],{"class":77},[52,66617,177],{"class":73},[52,66619,193],{"class":66},[52,66621,186],{"class":73},[52,66623,10111],{"class":77},[52,66625,177],{"class":73},[52,66627,4030],{"class":66},[14,66629,20908,66630,66632,66633,66635,66636,2262,66638,35],{},[49,66631,65754],{}," is inserted at index ",[49,66634,1565],{},", so it appears between ",[49,66637,18232],{},[49,66639,66640],{},"\"c\"",[37,66642,6185],{"id":6184},[14,66644,66645],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[42,66647,66649],{"className":44,"code":66648,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[49,66650,66651,66683,66701,66705,66727],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66652,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66654,13431],{"class":58},[52,66656,63],{"class":62},[52,66658,4017],{"class":66},[52,66660,81],{"class":73},[52,66662,13448],{"class":77},[52,66664,81],{"class":73},[52,66666,193],{"class":66},[52,66668,87],{"class":73},[52,66670,13465],{"class":77},[52,66672,81],{"class":73},[52,66674,193],{"class":66},[52,66676,87],{"class":73},[52,66678,17591],{"class":77},[52,66680,81],{"class":73},[52,66682,4030],{"class":66},[52,66684,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66686,149],{"class":148},[52,66688,152],{"class":66},[52,66690,81],{"class":73},[52,66692,11922],{"class":77},[52,66694,81],{"class":73},[52,66696,193],{"class":66},[52,66698,13479],{"class":155},[52,66700,159],{"class":66},[52,66702,66703],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,66704,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,66706,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,66708,17638],{"class":58},[52,66710,35],{"class":66},[52,66712,54107],{"class":155},[52,66714,152],{"class":66},[52,66716,1565],{"class":110},[52,66718,193],{"class":66},[52,66720,87],{"class":73},[52,66722,22662],{"class":77},[52,66724,81],{"class":73},[52,66726,159],{"class":66},[52,66728,66729,66731,66733,66735,66738,66740,66742,66744],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,66730,149],{"class":148},[52,66732,152],{"class":66},[52,66734,81],{"class":73},[52,66736,66737],{"class":77},"After: ",[52,66739,81],{"class":73},[52,66741,193],{"class":66},[52,66743,13479],{"class":155},[52,66745,159],{"class":66},[14,66747,164],{},[42,66749,66751],{"className":44,"code":66750,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[49,66752,66753,66785],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66756,11981],{"class":58},[52,66758,84],{"class":66},[52,66760,4017],{"class":66},[52,66762,177],{"class":73},[52,66764,13448],{"class":77},[52,66766,177],{"class":73},[52,66768,193],{"class":66},[52,66770,186],{"class":73},[52,66772,13465],{"class":77},[52,66774,177],{"class":73},[52,66776,193],{"class":66},[52,66778,186],{"class":73},[52,66780,17591],{"class":77},[52,66782,177],{"class":73},[52,66784,4030],{"class":66},[52,66786,66787,66789,66791,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66788,12034],{"class":58},[52,66790,84],{"class":66},[52,66792,66793],{"class":66},"  [",[52,66795,177],{"class":73},[52,66797,13448],{"class":77},[52,66799,177],{"class":73},[52,66801,193],{"class":66},[52,66803,186],{"class":73},[52,66805,22662],{"class":77},[52,66807,177],{"class":73},[52,66809,193],{"class":66},[52,66811,186],{"class":73},[52,66813,13465],{"class":77},[52,66815,177],{"class":73},[52,66817,193],{"class":66},[52,66819,186],{"class":73},[52,66821,17591],{"class":77},[52,66823,177],{"class":73},[52,66825,4030],{"class":66},[14,66827,66828,66829,66831],{},"The new value appears at index ",[49,66830,1565],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[37,66833,66835],{"id":66834},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66837,2374,66838,35475,66840,66843],{},[49,66839,35992],{},[49,66841,66842],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[487,66845,66847],{"id":66846},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66849,66850,66851,66853],{},"Use index ",[49,66852,2514],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[42,66855,66857],{"className":44,"code":66856,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[49,66858,66859,66880,66899],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66860,66861,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66862,66863],{"class":58},"nums ",[52,66865,63],{"class":62},[52,66867,4017],{"class":66},[52,66869,2451],{"class":110},[52,66871,193],{"class":66},[52,66873,2850],{"class":110},[52,66875,193],{"class":66},[52,66877,2856],{"class":110},[52,66879,4030],{"class":66},[52,66881,66882,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66883,66884],{"class":58},"nums",[52,66886,35],{"class":66},[52,66888,54107],{"class":155},[52,66890,152],{"class":66},[52,66892,2514],{"class":110},[52,66894,193],{"class":66},[52,66896,5895],{"class":110},[52,66898,159],{"class":66},[52,66900,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,66902,149],{"class":148},[52,66904,152],{"class":66},[52,66906,66884],{"class":155},[52,66908,159],{"class":66},[14,66910,164],{},[42,66912,66913],{"className":44,"code":53661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,66914,66915],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66918,1709],{"class":66},[52,66920,1565],{"class":110},[52,66922,193],{"class":66},[52,66924,1570],{"class":110},[52,66926,193],{"class":66},[52,66928,2850],{"class":110},[52,66930,193],{"class":66},[52,66932,2856],{"class":110},[52,66934,4030],{"class":66},[487,66936,66938],{"id":66937},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66940,66941],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[42,66943,66945],{"className":44,"code":66944,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[49,66946,66947,66967,66985],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,66948,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66950,66863],{"class":58},[52,66952,63],{"class":62},[52,66954,4017],{"class":66},[52,66956,1565],{"class":110},[52,66958,193],{"class":66},[52,66960,1570],{"class":110},[52,66962,193],{"class":66},[52,66964,2856],{"class":110},[52,66966,4030],{"class":66},[52,66968,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,66970,66884],{"class":58},[52,66972,35],{"class":66},[52,66974,54107],{"class":155},[52,66976,152],{"class":66},[52,66978,2451],{"class":110},[52,66980,193],{"class":66},[52,66982,2850],{"class":110},[52,66984,159],{"class":66},[52,66986,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,66988,149],{"class":148},[52,66990,152],{"class":66},[52,66992,66884],{"class":155},[52,66994,159],{"class":66},[14,66996,164],{},[42,66998,66999],{"className":44,"code":53661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,67000,67001],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67002,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67004,1709],{"class":66},[52,67006,1565],{"class":110},[52,67008,193],{"class":66},[52,67010,1570],{"class":110},[52,67012,193],{"class":66},[52,67014,2850],{"class":110},[52,67016,193],{"class":66},[52,67018,2856],{"class":110},[52,67020,4030],{"class":66},[487,67022,67024],{"id":67023},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,67026,67027],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[42,67029,67031],{"className":44,"code":67030,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[49,67032,67033,67053,67071],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67034,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67036,66863],{"class":58},[52,67038,63],{"class":62},[52,67040,4017],{"class":66},[52,67042,1565],{"class":110},[52,67044,193],{"class":66},[52,67046,1570],{"class":110},[52,67048,193],{"class":66},[52,67050,2850],{"class":110},[52,67052,4030],{"class":66},[52,67054,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67056,66884],{"class":58},[52,67058,35],{"class":66},[52,67060,54107],{"class":155},[52,67062,152],{"class":66},[52,67064,2728],{"class":110},[52,67066,193],{"class":66},[52,67068,2856],{"class":110},[52,67070,159],{"class":66},[52,67072,67073,67075,67077,67079],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67074,149],{"class":148},[52,67076,152],{"class":66},[52,67078,66884],{"class":155},[52,67080,159],{"class":66},[14,67082,164],{},[42,67084,67085],{"className":44,"code":53661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,67086,67087],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67088,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67090,1709],{"class":66},[52,67092,1565],{"class":110},[52,67094,193],{"class":66},[52,67096,1570],{"class":110},[52,67098,193],{"class":66},[52,67100,2850],{"class":110},[52,67102,193],{"class":66},[52,67104,2856],{"class":110},[52,67106,4030],{"class":66},[487,67108,67110],{"id":67109},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67112,67113,67114,67116],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[49,67115,54424],{}," places the item before that position.",[42,67118,67120],{"className":44,"code":67119,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,67121,67122,67154,67178],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67123,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67125,36237],{"class":58},[52,67127,63],{"class":62},[52,67129,4017],{"class":66},[52,67131,81],{"class":73},[52,67133,26],{"class":77},[52,67135,81],{"class":73},[52,67137,193],{"class":66},[52,67139,87],{"class":73},[52,67141,5157],{"class":77},[52,67143,81],{"class":73},[52,67145,193],{"class":66},[52,67147,87],{"class":73},[52,67149,18904],{"class":77},[52,67151,81],{"class":73},[52,67153,4030],{"class":66},[52,67155,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67157,36290],{"class":58},[52,67159,35],{"class":66},[52,67161,54107],{"class":155},[52,67163,152],{"class":66},[52,67165,2416],{"class":62},[52,67167,1565],{"class":110},[52,67169,193],{"class":66},[52,67171,87],{"class":73},[52,67173,10111],{"class":77},[52,67175,81],{"class":73},[52,67177,159],{"class":66},[52,67179,67180,67182,67184,67186],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67181,149],{"class":148},[52,67183,152],{"class":66},[52,67185,36290],{"class":155},[52,67187,159],{"class":66},[14,67189,164],{},[42,67191,67193],{"className":44,"code":67192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[49,67194,67195],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67196,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67198,1709],{"class":66},[52,67200,177],{"class":73},[52,67202,26],{"class":77},[52,67204,177],{"class":73},[52,67206,193],{"class":66},[52,67208,186],{"class":73},[52,67210,5157],{"class":77},[52,67212,177],{"class":73},[52,67214,193],{"class":66},[52,67216,186],{"class":73},[52,67218,10111],{"class":77},[52,67220,177],{"class":73},[52,67222,193],{"class":66},[52,67224,186],{"class":73},[52,67226,18904],{"class":77},[52,67228,177],{"class":73},[52,67230,4030],{"class":66},[14,67232,67233,67234,2701],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[26,67235,67236],{"href":51134},"Python lists beginner guide",[37,67238,67240,10954,67242],{"id":67239},"insert-vs-append",[49,67241,54424],{},[49,67243,52808],{},[14,67245,67246],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[487,67248,340,67250,10970],{"id":67249},"use-insert-when",[49,67251,54424],{},[227,67253,67254,67257],{},[230,67255,67256],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[230,67258,67259],{},"The order of the list matters",[487,67261,340,67263,10970],{"id":67262},"use-append-when",[49,67264,52808],{},[227,67266,67267,67270],{},[230,67268,67269],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[230,67271,67272],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67274,511],{},[42,67276,67278],{"className":44,"code":67277,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[49,67279,67280,67304,67308,67330,67340,67344,67362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67281,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67283,8175],{"class":58},[52,67285,63],{"class":62},[52,67287,4017],{"class":66},[52,67289,81],{"class":73},[52,67291,4474],{"class":77},[52,67293,81],{"class":73},[52,67295,193],{"class":66},[52,67297,87],{"class":73},[52,67299,33364],{"class":77},[52,67301,81],{"class":73},[52,67303,4030],{"class":66},[52,67305,67306],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67307,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,67309,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67311,8204],{"class":58},[52,67313,35],{"class":66},[52,67315,54107],{"class":155},[52,67317,152],{"class":66},[52,67319,1565],{"class":110},[52,67321,193],{"class":66},[52,67323,87],{"class":73},[52,67325,4483],{"class":77},[52,67327,81],{"class":73},[52,67329,159],{"class":66},[52,67331,67332,67334,67336,67338],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,67333,149],{"class":148},[52,67335,152],{"class":66},[52,67337,8204],{"class":155},[52,67339,159],{"class":66},[52,67341,67342],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,67343,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,67345,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,67347,8204],{"class":58},[52,67349,35],{"class":66},[52,67351,13909],{"class":155},[52,67353,152],{"class":66},[52,67355,81],{"class":73},[52,67357,22671],{"class":77},[52,67359,81],{"class":73},[52,67361,159],{"class":66},[52,67363,67364,67366,67368,67370],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,67365,149],{"class":148},[52,67367,152],{"class":66},[52,67369,8204],{"class":155},[52,67371,159],{"class":66},[14,67373,164],{},[42,67375,67377],{"className":44,"code":67376,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[49,67378,67379,67407],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67380,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67382,1709],{"class":66},[52,67384,177],{"class":73},[52,67386,4474],{"class":77},[52,67388,177],{"class":73},[52,67390,193],{"class":66},[52,67392,186],{"class":73},[52,67394,4483],{"class":77},[52,67396,177],{"class":73},[52,67398,193],{"class":66},[52,67400,186],{"class":73},[52,67402,33364],{"class":77},[52,67404,177],{"class":73},[52,67406,4030],{"class":66},[52,67408,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67410,1709],{"class":66},[52,67412,177],{"class":73},[52,67414,4474],{"class":77},[52,67416,177],{"class":73},[52,67418,193],{"class":66},[52,67420,186],{"class":73},[52,67422,4483],{"class":77},[52,67424,177],{"class":73},[52,67426,193],{"class":66},[52,67428,186],{"class":73},[52,67430,33364],{"class":77},[52,67432,177],{"class":73},[52,67434,193],{"class":66},[52,67436,186],{"class":73},[52,67438,22671],{"class":77},[52,67440,177],{"class":73},[52,67442,4030],{"class":66},[14,67444,67445,67446,35],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[26,67447,55676,67448,2292],{"href":56925},[49,67449,52808],{},[14,67451,67452,67453,35],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[26,67454,53205],{"href":53204},[37,67456,4915],{"id":4914},[14,67458,15088,67459,35],{},[49,67460,54424],{},[487,67462,12951,67464],{"id":67463},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[49,67465,54424],{},[14,67467,25830],{},[42,67469,67471],{"className":44,"code":67470,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,67472,67473,67493,67515,67519,67529],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67474,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67476,4012],{"class":58},[52,67478,63],{"class":62},[52,67480,4017],{"class":66},[52,67482,1565],{"class":110},[52,67484,193],{"class":66},[52,67486,1570],{"class":110},[52,67488,193],{"class":66},[52,67490,2850],{"class":110},[52,67492,4030],{"class":66},[52,67494,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67496,2626],{"class":58},[52,67498,63],{"class":62},[52,67500,4659],{"class":58},[52,67502,35],{"class":66},[52,67504,54107],{"class":155},[52,67506,152],{"class":66},[52,67508,1565],{"class":110},[52,67510,193],{"class":66},[52,67512,10568],{"class":110},[52,67514,159],{"class":66},[52,67516,67517],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67518,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,67520,67521,67523,67525,67527],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,67522,149],{"class":148},[52,67524,152],{"class":66},[52,67526,2661],{"class":155},[52,67528,159],{"class":66},[52,67530,67531,67533,67535,67537],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,67532,149],{"class":148},[52,67534,152],{"class":66},[52,67536,1578],{"class":155},[52,67538,159],{"class":66},[14,67540,164],{},[42,67542,67544],{"className":44,"code":67543,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[49,67545,67546,67550],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67547,67548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67549,12165],{"class":128},[52,67551,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67553,1709],{"class":66},[52,67555,1565],{"class":110},[52,67557,193],{"class":66},[52,67559,10568],{"class":110},[52,67561,193],{"class":66},[52,67563,1570],{"class":110},[52,67565,193],{"class":66},[52,67567,2850],{"class":110},[52,67569,4030],{"class":66},[14,67571,67572,54309,67574,35],{},[49,67573,54424],{},[49,67575,4175],{},[14,67577,1773],{},[42,67579,67581],{"className":44,"code":67580,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[49,67582,67583],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67584,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67586,56046],{"class":58},[52,67588,63],{"class":62},[52,67590,4659],{"class":58},[52,67592,35],{"class":66},[52,67594,54107],{"class":155},[52,67596,152],{"class":66},[52,67598,1565],{"class":110},[52,67600,193],{"class":66},[52,67602,10568],{"class":110},[52,67604,159],{"class":66},[14,67606,67607],{},"Right:",[42,67609,67611],{"className":44,"code":67610,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[49,67612,67613],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67614,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67616,1578],{"class":58},[52,67618,35],{"class":66},[52,67620,54107],{"class":155},[52,67622,152],{"class":66},[52,67624,1565],{"class":110},[52,67626,193],{"class":66},[52,67628,10568],{"class":110},[52,67630,159],{"class":66},[487,67632,67634],{"id":67633},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67636,67637],{},"The correct order is:",[42,67639,67640],{"className":44,"code":66493,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,67641,67642],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67643,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67645,8734],{"class":58},[52,67647,35],{"class":66},[52,67649,54107],{"class":155},[52,67651,152],{"class":66},[52,67653,35992],{"class":155},[52,67655,193],{"class":66},[52,67657,29648],{"class":155},[52,67659,159],{"class":66},[14,67661,67662],{},"Not:",[42,67664,67666],{"className":44,"code":67665,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[49,67667,67668],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67669,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67671,8734],{"class":58},[52,67673,35],{"class":66},[52,67675,54107],{"class":155},[52,67677,152],{"class":66},[52,67679,23449],{"class":155},[52,67681,193],{"class":66},[52,67683,35967],{"class":155},[52,67685,159],{"class":66},[14,67687,511],{},[42,67689,67690],{"className":44,"code":66535,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,67691,67692,67716,67738],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67693,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67695,36237],{"class":58},[52,67697,63],{"class":62},[52,67699,4017],{"class":66},[52,67701,81],{"class":73},[52,67703,26],{"class":77},[52,67705,81],{"class":73},[52,67707,193],{"class":66},[52,67709,87],{"class":73},[52,67711,10111],{"class":77},[52,67713,81],{"class":73},[52,67715,4030],{"class":66},[52,67717,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67719,36290],{"class":58},[52,67721,35],{"class":66},[52,67723,54107],{"class":155},[52,67725,152],{"class":66},[52,67727,1565],{"class":110},[52,67729,193],{"class":66},[52,67731,87],{"class":73},[52,67733,5157],{"class":77},[52,67735,81],{"class":73},[52,67737,159],{"class":66},[52,67739,67740,67742,67744,67746],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67741,149],{"class":148},[52,67743,152],{"class":66},[52,67745,36290],{"class":155},[52,67747,159],{"class":66},[14,67749,164],{},[42,67751,67752],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,67753,67754],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67755,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67757,1709],{"class":66},[52,67759,177],{"class":73},[52,67761,26],{"class":77},[52,67763,177],{"class":73},[52,67765,193],{"class":66},[52,67767,186],{"class":73},[52,67769,5157],{"class":77},[52,67771,177],{"class":73},[52,67773,193],{"class":66},[52,67775,186],{"class":73},[52,67777,10111],{"class":77},[52,67779,177],{"class":73},[52,67781,4030],{"class":66},[487,67783,8849,67785,67787],{"id":67784},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[49,67786,54424],{}," to replace an item",[14,67789,67790,67792],{},[49,67791,54424],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[42,67794,67796],{"className":44,"code":67795,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,67797,67798,67818,67836],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67799,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67801,4012],{"class":58},[52,67803,63],{"class":62},[52,67805,4017],{"class":66},[52,67807,1565],{"class":110},[52,67809,193],{"class":66},[52,67811,1570],{"class":110},[52,67813,193],{"class":66},[52,67815,2850],{"class":110},[52,67817,4030],{"class":66},[52,67819,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67821,1578],{"class":58},[52,67823,35],{"class":66},[52,67825,54107],{"class":155},[52,67827,152],{"class":66},[52,67829,1565],{"class":110},[52,67831,193],{"class":66},[52,67833,10568],{"class":110},[52,67835,159],{"class":66},[52,67837,67838,67840,67842,67844],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67839,149],{"class":148},[52,67841,152],{"class":66},[52,67843,1578],{"class":155},[52,67845,159],{"class":66},[14,67847,164],{},[42,67849,67851],{"className":44,"code":67850,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[49,67852,67853],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67854,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67856,1709],{"class":66},[52,67858,1565],{"class":110},[52,67860,193],{"class":66},[52,67862,10568],{"class":110},[52,67864,193],{"class":66},[52,67866,1570],{"class":110},[52,67868,193],{"class":66},[52,67870,2850],{"class":110},[52,67872,4030],{"class":66},[14,67874,67875],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[42,67877,67879],{"className":44,"code":67878,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,67880,67881,67901,67915],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67884,4012],{"class":58},[52,67886,63],{"class":62},[52,67888,4017],{"class":66},[52,67890,1565],{"class":110},[52,67892,193],{"class":66},[52,67894,1570],{"class":110},[52,67896,193],{"class":66},[52,67898,2850],{"class":110},[52,67900,4030],{"class":66},[52,67902,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67904,1578],{"class":58},[52,67906,1709],{"class":66},[52,67908,1565],{"class":110},[52,67910,13629],{"class":66},[52,67912,13632],{"class":62},[52,67914,14485],{"class":110},[52,67916,67917,67919,67921,67923],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,67918,149],{"class":148},[52,67920,152],{"class":66},[52,67922,1578],{"class":155},[52,67924,159],{"class":66},[14,67926,164],{},[42,67928,67930],{"className":44,"code":67929,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[49,67931,67932],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67933,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67935,1709],{"class":66},[52,67937,1565],{"class":110},[52,67939,193],{"class":66},[52,67941,10568],{"class":110},[52,67943,193],{"class":66},[52,67945,2850],{"class":110},[52,67947,4030],{"class":66},[487,67949,67951],{"id":67950},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67953,67954,67956],{},[49,67955,54424],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67958,67959],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[42,67961,67963],{"className":44,"code":67962,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,67964,67965,67981,68005],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,67966,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67968,4012],{"class":58},[52,67970,63],{"class":62},[52,67972,4017],{"class":66},[52,67974,1565],{"class":110},[52,67976,193],{"class":66},[52,67978,2856],{"class":110},[52,67980,4030],{"class":66},[52,67982,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,67984,1578],{"class":58},[52,67986,35],{"class":66},[52,67988,54107],{"class":155},[52,67990,152],{"class":66},[52,67992,1565],{"class":110},[52,67994,193],{"class":66},[52,67996,4017],{"class":66},[52,67998,2451],{"class":110},[52,68000,193],{"class":66},[52,68002,2850],{"class":110},[52,68004,1718],{"class":66},[52,68006,68007,68009,68011,68013],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,68008,149],{"class":148},[52,68010,152],{"class":66},[52,68012,1578],{"class":155},[52,68014,159],{"class":66},[14,68016,164],{},[42,68018,68020],{"className":44,"code":68019,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[49,68021,68022],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68023,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68025,1709],{"class":66},[52,68027,1565],{"class":110},[52,68029,193],{"class":66},[52,68031,4017],{"class":66},[52,68033,2451],{"class":110},[52,68035,193],{"class":66},[52,68037,2850],{"class":110},[52,68039,18198],{"class":66},[52,68041,2856],{"class":110},[52,68043,4030],{"class":66},[14,68045,68046,68047,35],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[26,68048,55676,68049,2292],{"href":53500},[49,68050,53602],{},[487,68052,68054],{"id":68053},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,68056,9271,68057,68059],{},[49,68058,54424],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[42,68061,68063],{"className":44,"code":68062,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[49,68064,68065,68075,68089,68107,68121],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68066,68067,68069,68071,68073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68068,149],{"class":148},[52,68070,152],{"class":66},[52,68072,8734],{"class":155},[52,68074,159],{"class":66},[52,68076,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68078,149],{"class":148},[52,68080,152],{"class":66},[52,68082,2082],{"class":148},[52,68084,152],{"class":66},[52,68086,8734],{"class":155},[52,68088,742],{"class":66},[52,68090,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,68092,149],{"class":148},[52,68094,152],{"class":66},[52,68096,8734],{"class":155},[52,68098,35],{"class":66},[52,68100,54107],{"class":24889},[52,68102,35],{"class":66},[52,68104,34590],{"class":34597},[52,68106,159],{"class":66},[52,68108,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,68110,32295],{"class":148},[52,68112,152],{"class":66},[52,68114,8488],{"class":646},[52,68116,35],{"class":66},[52,68118,54107],{"class":24889},[52,68120,159],{"class":66},[52,68122,68123,68125,68127,68129],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,68124,734],{"class":646},[52,68126,152],{"class":66},[52,68128,8734],{"class":155},[52,68130,159],{"class":66},[14,68132,68133],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[227,68135,68136,68139,68142,68145],{},[230,68137,68138],{},"What is currently in the list",[230,68140,68141],{},"How long the list is",[230,68143,68144],{},"That you are working with a real list",[230,68146,68147],{},"How Python describes the method",[37,68149,5358,68151],{"id":68150},"when-to-use-insert",[49,68152,54424],{},[14,68154,340,68155,68157],{},[49,68156,54424],{}," when position matters.",[14,68159,36573],{},[227,68161,68162,68165,68168,68171],{},[230,68163,68164],{},"Ordered menus",[230,68166,68167],{},"Rankings or score lists",[230,68169,68170],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[230,68172,68173],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68175,68176,68177,68179,68180,68182,68183,68185],{},"You usually do ",[18,68178,1006],{}," need ",[49,68181,54424],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[49,68184,52808],{}," is simpler.",[14,68187,68188,68189,35],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[26,68190,57311],{"href":57310},[37,68192,2220],{"id":2219},[487,68194,13061,68196,55625],{"id":68195},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[49,68197,54067],{},[14,68199,68200,68201,35],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[49,68202,4175],{},[487,68204,68206],{"id":68205},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68208,68209],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[487,68211,5567,68213,68215],{"id":68212},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[49,68214,54067],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68217,68218,68219,68221],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[49,68220,53602],{}," or slicing.",[487,68223,2259,68225,2262,68227,2265],{"id":68224},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[49,68226,54424],{},[49,68228,52808],{},[14,68230,68231,68233,68234,68236],{},[49,68232,54424],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[49,68235,52808],{}," adds only at the end.",[37,68238,2277],{"id":2276},[227,68240,68241,68247,68253,68257,68261,68265],{},[230,68242,68243],{},[26,68244,55676,68245,2292],{"href":56925},[49,68246,52808],{},[230,68248,68249],{},[26,68250,55676,68251,2292],{"href":53500},[49,68252,53602],{},[230,68254,68255],{},[26,68256,54434],{"href":53204},[230,68258,68259],{},[26,68260,52927],{"href":51134},[230,68262,68263],{},[26,68264,57385],{"href":57310},[230,68266,68267],{},[26,68268,30489,68269,33777],{"href":54452},[49,68270,68271],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2315,68273,68274],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":68276},[68277,68279,68280,68281,68287,68294,68303,68305,68314],{"id":66462,"depth":70,"text":68278},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5827,"depth":70,"text":5828},{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":66834,"depth":70,"text":66835,"children":68282},[68283,68284,68285,68286],{"id":66846,"depth":98,"text":66847},{"id":66937,"depth":98,"text":66938},{"id":67023,"depth":98,"text":67024},{"id":67109,"depth":98,"text":67110},{"id":67239,"depth":70,"text":68288,"children":68289},"insert() vs append()",[68290,68292],{"id":67249,"depth":98,"text":68291},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67262,"depth":98,"text":68293},"Use append() when:",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":68295},[68296,68298,68299,68301,68302],{"id":67463,"depth":98,"text":68297},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67633,"depth":98,"text":67634},{"id":67784,"depth":98,"text":68300},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67950,"depth":98,"text":67951},{"id":68053,"depth":98,"text":68054},{"id":68150,"depth":70,"text":68304},"When to use insert()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":68306},[68307,68309,68310,68312],{"id":68195,"depth":98,"text":68308},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68205,"depth":98,"text":68206},{"id":68212,"depth":98,"text":68311},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68224,"depth":98,"text":68313},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66372,"description":68315},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68322,"title":68323,"body":68324,"description":69879,"extension":2357,"meta":69880,"navigation":141,"path":59130,"seo":69881,"stem":69882,"__hash__":69883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68325,"toc":69852},[68326,68332,68341,68390,68392,68400,68406,68408,68426,68432,68437,68440,68443,68458,68460,68512,68514,68522,68530,68537,68539,68545,68610,68612,68620,68622,68641,68644,68695,68699,68704,68731,68733,68741,68744,68813,68815,68830,68836,68840,68849,68852,68907,68909,68917,68920,68922,68967,68969,68977,68983,68985,68993,68996,68998,69037,69039,69078,69083,69085,69087,69122,69125,69127,69165,69169,69175,69177,69228,69230,69238,69245,69248,69269,69272,69327,69338,69340,69401,69403,69412,69419,69425,69428,69431,69488,69491,69504,69511,69517,69523,69525,69538,69541,69638,69640,69657,69660,69742,69744,69766,69773,69779,69781,69785,69791,69797,69802,69806,69809,69815,69822,69824,69849],[10,68327,68329,68330,4056],{"id":68328},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[49,68331,2082],{},[14,68333,68334,68335,68337,68338,68340],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[49,68336,42512],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[49,68339,42512],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[42,68342,68344],{"className":44,"code":68343,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[49,68345,68346,68366,68380],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68347,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68349,4012],{"class":58},[52,68351,63],{"class":62},[52,68353,4017],{"class":66},[52,68355,2728],{"class":110},[52,68357,193],{"class":66},[52,68359,111],{"class":110},[52,68361,193],{"class":66},[52,68363,1929],{"class":110},[52,68365,4030],{"class":66},[52,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68369,41392],{"class":58},[52,68371,63],{"class":62},[52,68373,38535],{"class":148},[52,68375,152],{"class":66},[52,68377,1578],{"class":155},[52,68379,159],{"class":66},[52,68381,68382,68384,68386,68388],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,68383,149],{"class":148},[52,68385,152],{"class":66},[52,68387,41410],{"class":155},[52,68389,159],{"class":66},[14,68391,164],{},[42,68393,68394],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,68395,68396],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68397,68398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68399,46770],{"class":110},[14,68401,340,68402,68405],{},[49,68403,68404],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[37,68407,225],{"id":224},[227,68409,68410,68415,68420,68423],{},[230,68411,4594,68412,68414],{},[49,68413,42512],{}," works with Python lists",[230,68416,68417,68418,12063],{},"What value ",[49,68419,42512],{},[230,68421,68422],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[230,68424,68425],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[37,68427,4073,68429,68431],{"id":68428},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[49,68430,42512],{}," returns for a list",[14,68433,68434,65244],{},[49,68435,68436],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68438,68439],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68441,68442],{},"A few important points:",[227,68444,68445,68448,68453],{},[230,68446,68447],{},"It counts list items",[230,68449,41056,68450,68452],{},[18,68451,1006],{}," count characters inside a string item",[230,68454,68455,68456],{},"An empty list returns ",[49,68457,2514],{},[14,68459,511],{},[42,68461,68463],{"className":44,"code":68462,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[49,68464,68465,68498],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68466,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68468,4465],{"class":58},[52,68470,63],{"class":62},[52,68472,4017],{"class":66},[52,68474,81],{"class":73},[52,68476,37195],{"class":77},[52,68478,81],{"class":73},[52,68480,193],{"class":66},[52,68482,87],{"class":73},[52,68484,68485],{"class":77},"elephant",[52,68487,81],{"class":73},[52,68489,193],{"class":66},[52,68491,87],{"class":73},[52,68493,58284],{"class":77},[52,68495,81],{"class":73},[52,68497,4030],{"class":66},[52,68499,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68501,149],{"class":148},[52,68503,152],{"class":66},[52,68505,2082],{"class":148},[52,68507,152],{"class":66},[52,68509,4509],{"class":155},[52,68511,742],{"class":66},[14,68513,164],{},[42,68515,68516],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,68517,68518],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68519,68520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68521,46770],{"class":110},[14,68523,21115,68524,68527,68528,65251],{},[49,68525,68526],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[18,68529,52812],{},[14,68531,68532,68533,35],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[26,68534,3969,68535,3902],{"href":42509},[49,68536,42512],{},[37,68538,6185],{"id":6184},[14,68540,68541,68542,68544],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[49,68543,42512],{},", and print the result.",[42,68546,68548],{"className":44,"code":68547,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[49,68549,68550,68582,68596,68600],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68551,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68553,13431],{"class":58},[52,68555,63],{"class":62},[52,68557,4017],{"class":66},[52,68559,81],{"class":73},[52,68561,13448],{"class":77},[52,68563,81],{"class":73},[52,68565,193],{"class":66},[52,68567,87],{"class":73},[52,68569,17591],{"class":77},[52,68571,81],{"class":73},[52,68573,193],{"class":66},[52,68575,87],{"class":73},[52,68577,13465],{"class":77},[52,68579,81],{"class":73},[52,68581,4030],{"class":66},[52,68583,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68585,41392],{"class":58},[52,68587,63],{"class":62},[52,68589,38535],{"class":148},[52,68591,152],{"class":66},[52,68593,17638],{"class":155},[52,68595,159],{"class":66},[52,68597,68598],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,68599,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,68601,68602,68604,68606,68608],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,68603,149],{"class":148},[52,68605,152],{"class":66},[52,68607,41410],{"class":155},[52,68609,159],{"class":66},[14,68611,164],{},[42,68613,68614],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,68615,68616],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68617,68618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68619,46770],{"class":110},[14,68621,12041],{},[227,68623,68624,68629,68636],{},[230,68625,68626,68628],{},[49,68627,17638],{}," is a list with 3 items",[230,68630,68631,2795,68634],{},[49,68632,68633],{},"len(colors)",[49,68635,2457],{},[230,68637,68638,68639],{},"That value is stored in ",[49,68640,41410],{},[14,68642,68643],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[42,68645,68647],{"className":44,"code":68646,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[49,68648,68649,68681],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68650,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68652,13431],{"class":58},[52,68654,63],{"class":62},[52,68656,4017],{"class":66},[52,68658,81],{"class":73},[52,68660,13448],{"class":77},[52,68662,81],{"class":73},[52,68664,193],{"class":66},[52,68666,87],{"class":73},[52,68668,17591],{"class":77},[52,68670,81],{"class":73},[52,68672,193],{"class":66},[52,68674,87],{"class":73},[52,68676,13465],{"class":77},[52,68678,81],{"class":73},[52,68680,4030],{"class":66},[52,68682,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68684,149],{"class":148},[52,68686,152],{"class":66},[52,68688,2082],{"class":148},[52,68690,152],{"class":66},[52,68692,17638],{"class":155},[52,68694,742],{"class":66},[37,68696,68698],{"id":68697},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68700,68701,68702,35],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[49,68703,2514],{},[42,68705,68707],{"className":44,"code":68706,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[49,68708,68709,68717],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68710,68711,68713,68715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68712,8175],{"class":58},[52,68714,63],{"class":62},[52,68716,8233],{"class":66},[52,68718,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68720,149],{"class":148},[52,68722,152],{"class":66},[52,68724,2082],{"class":148},[52,68726,152],{"class":66},[52,68728,8204],{"class":155},[52,68730,742],{"class":66},[14,68732,164],{},[42,68734,68735],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,68736,68737],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68738,68739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68740,47405],{"class":110},[14,68742,68743],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[42,68745,68747],{"className":44,"code":68746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[49,68748,68749,68757,68761,68779,68793,68799],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68750,68751,68753,68755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68752,8175],{"class":58},[52,68754,63],{"class":62},[52,68756,8233],{"class":66},[52,68758,68759],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68760,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,68762,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,68764,7395],{"class":4272},[52,68766,38535],{"class":148},[52,68768,152],{"class":66},[52,68770,8204],{"class":155},[52,68772,4056],{"class":66},[52,68774,38545],{"class":62},[52,68776,4229],{"class":110},[52,68778,6792],{"class":66},[52,68780,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,68782,8463],{"class":148},[52,68784,152],{"class":66},[52,68786,8204],{"class":155},[52,68788,1709],{"class":66},[52,68790,2514],{"class":110},[52,68792,1718],{"class":66},[52,68794,68795,68797],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,68796,27574],{"class":4272},[52,68798,6792],{"class":66},[52,68800,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,68802,8463],{"class":148},[52,68804,152],{"class":66},[52,68806,81],{"class":73},[52,68808,51971],{"class":77},[52,68810,81],{"class":73},[52,68812,159],{"class":66},[14,68814,164],{},[42,68816,68818],{"className":44,"code":68817,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"The list is empty\n",[49,68819,68820],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68821,68822,68824,68826,68828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68823,2374],{"class":58},[52,68825,8488],{"class":646},[52,68827,8491],{"class":62},[52,68829,8497],{"class":58},[14,68831,68832,68833,68835],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[26,68834,52927],{"href":51134}," is a good next step.",[37,68837,68839],{"id":68838},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68841,68842,68844,68845,68848],{},[49,68843,42512],{}," counts only the ",[18,68846,68847],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68850,68851],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[42,68853,68855],{"className":44,"code":68854,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[49,68856,68857,68893],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68858,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68860,616],{"class":58},[52,68862,63],{"class":62},[52,68864,56450],{"class":66},[52,68866,1565],{"class":110},[52,68868,193],{"class":66},[52,68870,1570],{"class":110},[52,68872,18198],{"class":66},[52,68874,4017],{"class":66},[52,68876,2457],{"class":110},[52,68878,193],{"class":66},[52,68880,2856],{"class":110},[52,68882,18198],{"class":66},[52,68884,4017],{"class":66},[52,68886,2531],{"class":110},[52,68888,193],{"class":66},[52,68890,37792],{"class":110},[52,68892,53398],{"class":66},[52,68894,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68896,149],{"class":148},[52,68898,152],{"class":66},[52,68900,2082],{"class":148},[52,68902,152],{"class":66},[52,68904,630],{"class":155},[52,68906,742],{"class":66},[14,68908,164],{},[42,68910,68911],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,68912,68913],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68914,68915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68916,46770],{"class":110},[14,68918,68919],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68921,52235],{},[42,68923,68925],{"className":44,"code":68924,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[49,68926,68927,68953],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68928,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68930,59630],{"class":58},[52,68932,63],{"class":62},[52,68934,4017],{"class":66},[52,68936,1565],{"class":110},[52,68938,193],{"class":66},[52,68940,4017],{"class":66},[52,68942,2451],{"class":110},[52,68944,193],{"class":66},[52,68946,2850],{"class":110},[52,68948,18198],{"class":66},[52,68950,2856],{"class":110},[52,68952,4030],{"class":66},[52,68954,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963,68965],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,68956,149],{"class":148},[52,68958,152],{"class":66},[52,68960,2082],{"class":148},[52,68962,152],{"class":66},[52,68964,59683],{"class":155},[52,68966,742],{"class":66},[14,68968,164],{},[42,68970,68971],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,68972,68973],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,68974,68975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68976,46770],{"class":110},[14,68978,21115,68979,68982],{},[49,68980,68981],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[37,68984,4915],{"id":4914},[487,68986,8813,68988,11456,68991],{"id":68987},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[49,68989,68990],{},"my_list.len()",[49,68992,68436],{},[14,68994,68995],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68997,1773],{},[42,68999,69001],{"className":44,"code":69000,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[49,69002,69003,69023],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69004,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69006,4012],{"class":58},[52,69008,63],{"class":62},[52,69010,4017],{"class":66},[52,69012,2728],{"class":110},[52,69014,193],{"class":66},[52,69016,111],{"class":110},[52,69018,193],{"class":66},[52,69020,1929],{"class":110},[52,69022,4030],{"class":66},[52,69024,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69026,149],{"class":148},[52,69028,152],{"class":66},[52,69030,1578],{"class":155},[52,69032,35],{"class":66},[52,69034,2082],{"class":155},[52,69036,2058],{"class":66},[14,69038,1785],{},[42,69040,69042],{"className":44,"code":69041,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[49,69043,69044,69064],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69045,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69047,4012],{"class":58},[52,69049,63],{"class":62},[52,69051,4017],{"class":66},[52,69053,2728],{"class":110},[52,69055,193],{"class":66},[52,69057,111],{"class":110},[52,69059,193],{"class":66},[52,69061,1929],{"class":110},[52,69063,4030],{"class":66},[52,69065,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69067,149],{"class":148},[52,69069,152],{"class":66},[52,69071,2082],{"class":148},[52,69073,152],{"class":66},[52,69075,1578],{"class":155},[52,69077,742],{"class":66},[14,69079,69080,69082],{},[49,69081,42512],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[487,69084,25827],{"id":25826},[14,69086,1773],{},[42,69088,69090],{"className":44,"code":69089,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[49,69091,69092,69112],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69093,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69095,4012],{"class":58},[52,69097,63],{"class":62},[52,69099,4017],{"class":66},[52,69101,2728],{"class":110},[52,69103,193],{"class":66},[52,69105,111],{"class":110},[52,69107,193],{"class":66},[52,69109,1929],{"class":110},[52,69111,4030],{"class":66},[52,69113,69114,69116,69118,69120],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69115,149],{"class":148},[52,69117,152],{"class":66},[52,69119,2082],{"class":148},[52,69121,159],{"class":66},[14,69123,69124],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69126,1785],{},[42,69128,69129],{"className":44,"code":69041,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,69130,69131,69151],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69132,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69134,4012],{"class":58},[52,69136,63],{"class":62},[52,69138,4017],{"class":66},[52,69140,2728],{"class":110},[52,69142,193],{"class":66},[52,69144,111],{"class":110},[52,69146,193],{"class":66},[52,69148,1929],{"class":110},[52,69150,4030],{"class":66},[52,69152,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69154,149],{"class":148},[52,69156,152],{"class":66},[52,69158,2082],{"class":148},[52,69160,152],{"class":66},[52,69162,1578],{"class":155},[52,69164,742],{"class":66},[487,69166,69168],{"id":69167},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69170,69171,69172,69174],{},"The length of a list is ",[18,69173,1006],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69176,511],{},[42,69178,69180],{"className":44,"code":69179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[49,69181,69182,69214],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69185,36237],{"class":58},[52,69187,63],{"class":62},[52,69189,4017],{"class":66},[52,69191,81],{"class":73},[52,69193,26],{"class":77},[52,69195,81],{"class":73},[52,69197,193],{"class":66},[52,69199,87],{"class":73},[52,69201,5157],{"class":77},[52,69203,81],{"class":73},[52,69205,193],{"class":66},[52,69207,87],{"class":73},[52,69209,10111],{"class":77},[52,69211,81],{"class":73},[52,69213,4030],{"class":66},[52,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69217,149],{"class":148},[52,69219,152],{"class":66},[52,69221,2082],{"class":148},[52,69223,152],{"class":66},[52,69225,36290],{"class":155},[52,69227,742],{"class":66},[14,69229,164],{},[42,69231,69232],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,69233,69234],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69235,69236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69237,46770],{"class":110},[14,69239,69240,69241,19100,69243,35],{},"But the last index is ",[49,69242,2451],{},[49,69244,2457],{},[14,69246,69247],{},"Indexes are:",[227,69249,69250,69257,69263],{},[230,69251,69252,69254,69255],{},[49,69253,2514],{}," for ",[49,69256,18232],{},[230,69258,69259,69254,69261],{},[49,69260,1565],{},[49,69262,65754],{},[230,69264,69265,69254,69267],{},[49,69266,2451],{},[49,69268,66640],{},[14,69270,69271],{},"So this causes an error:",[42,69273,69275],{"className":44,"code":69274,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[49,69276,69277,69309],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69280,36237],{"class":58},[52,69282,63],{"class":62},[52,69284,4017],{"class":66},[52,69286,81],{"class":73},[52,69288,26],{"class":77},[52,69290,81],{"class":73},[52,69292,193],{"class":66},[52,69294,87],{"class":73},[52,69296,5157],{"class":77},[52,69298,81],{"class":73},[52,69300,193],{"class":66},[52,69302,87],{"class":73},[52,69304,10111],{"class":77},[52,69306,81],{"class":73},[52,69308,4030],{"class":66},[52,69310,69311,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69312,149],{"class":148},[52,69314,152],{"class":66},[52,69316,36290],{"class":155},[52,69318,1709],{"class":66},[52,69320,2082],{"class":148},[52,69322,152],{"class":66},[52,69324,36290],{"class":155},[52,69326,11048],{"class":66},[14,69328,8892,69329,5180,69332,69334,69335,69337],{},[49,69330,69331],{},"len(letters)",[49,69333,2457],{},", and index ",[49,69336,2457],{}," does not exist.",[14,69339,18977],{},[42,69341,69343],{"className":44,"code":69342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[49,69344,69345,69377],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69346,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69348,36237],{"class":58},[52,69350,63],{"class":62},[52,69352,4017],{"class":66},[52,69354,81],{"class":73},[52,69356,26],{"class":77},[52,69358,81],{"class":73},[52,69360,193],{"class":66},[52,69362,87],{"class":73},[52,69364,5157],{"class":77},[52,69366,81],{"class":73},[52,69368,193],{"class":66},[52,69370,87],{"class":73},[52,69372,10111],{"class":77},[52,69374,81],{"class":73},[52,69376,4030],{"class":66},[52,69378,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69380,149],{"class":148},[52,69382,152],{"class":66},[52,69384,36290],{"class":155},[52,69386,1709],{"class":66},[52,69388,2082],{"class":148},[52,69390,152],{"class":66},[52,69392,36290],{"class":155},[52,69394,4056],{"class":66},[52,69396,2618],{"class":62},[52,69398,5895],{"class":110},[52,69400,1718],{"class":66},[14,69402,164],{},[42,69404,69406],{"className":44,"code":69405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"c\n",[49,69407,69408],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69409,69410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69411,69405],{"class":58},[14,69413,69414,69415,35],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[26,69416,69418],{"href":69417},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[487,69420,8813,69422,69424],{"id":69421},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[49,69423,42512],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69426,69427],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69429,69430],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[42,69432,69434],{"className":44,"code":69433,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[49,69435,69436,69446,69460,69474],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69437,69438,69440,69442,69444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69439,149],{"class":148},[52,69441,152],{"class":66},[52,69443,8734],{"class":155},[52,69445,159],{"class":66},[52,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69449,149],{"class":148},[52,69451,152],{"class":66},[52,69453,2082],{"class":148},[52,69455,152],{"class":66},[52,69457,8734],{"class":155},[52,69459,742],{"class":66},[52,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,69463,149],{"class":148},[52,69465,152],{"class":66},[52,69467,734],{"class":646},[52,69469,152],{"class":66},[52,69471,8734],{"class":155},[52,69473,742],{"class":66},[52,69475,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,69477,149],{"class":148},[52,69479,152],{"class":66},[52,69481,8734],{"class":155},[52,69483,1709],{"class":66},[52,69485,2514],{"class":110},[52,69487,1718],{"class":66},[14,69489,69490],{},"These help you verify:",[227,69492,69493,69496,69498,69501],{},[230,69494,69495],{},"what the variable contains",[230,69497,60942],{},[230,69499,69500],{},"whether it is really a list",[230,69502,69503],{},"what the first item is",[14,69505,69506,69507,69510],{},"Be careful with ",[49,69508,69509],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[37,69512,5358,69514,69516],{"id":69513},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[49,69515,42512],{}," with lists",[14,69518,69519,69520,69522],{},"You will often use ",[49,69521,42512],{}," in real programs.",[14,69524,9751],{},[227,69526,69527,69529,69532,69535],{},[230,69528,51925],{},[230,69530,69531],{},"Control loops",[230,69533,69534],{},"Validate input or results",[230,69536,69537],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69539,69540],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[42,69542,69544],{"className":44,"code":69543,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[49,69545,69546,69566,69582,69586,69600,69614],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69547,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69549,2953],{"class":58},[52,69551,63],{"class":62},[52,69553,4017],{"class":66},[52,69555,1565],{"class":110},[52,69557,193],{"class":66},[52,69559,1570],{"class":110},[52,69561,193],{"class":66},[52,69563,2850],{"class":110},[52,69565,4030],{"class":66},[52,69567,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578,69580],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69569,2981],{"class":58},[52,69571,63],{"class":62},[52,69573,4017],{"class":66},[52,69575,2728],{"class":110},[52,69577,193],{"class":66},[52,69579,111],{"class":110},[52,69581,4030],{"class":66},[52,69583,69584],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,69585,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,69587,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,69589,149],{"class":148},[52,69591,152],{"class":66},[52,69593,2082],{"class":148},[52,69595,152],{"class":66},[52,69597,26],{"class":155},[52,69599,742],{"class":66},[52,69601,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,69603,149],{"class":148},[52,69605,152],{"class":66},[52,69607,2082],{"class":148},[52,69609,152],{"class":66},[52,69611,5157],{"class":155},[52,69613,742],{"class":66},[52,69615,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,69617,149],{"class":148},[52,69619,152],{"class":66},[52,69621,2082],{"class":148},[52,69623,152],{"class":66},[52,69625,26],{"class":155},[52,69627,4056],{"class":66},[52,69629,38545],{"class":62},[52,69631,38535],{"class":148},[52,69633,152],{"class":66},[52,69635,5157],{"class":155},[52,69637,742],{"class":66},[14,69639,164],{},[42,69641,69643],{"className":44,"code":69642,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[49,69644,69645,69649,69653],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69646,69647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69648,46770],{"class":110},[52,69650,69651],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69652,2192],{"class":110},[52,69654,69655],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,69656,4374],{"class":128},[14,69658,69659],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[42,69661,69663],{"className":44,"code":69662,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[49,69664,69665,69697,69701,69723],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69666,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69668,5392],{"class":58},[52,69670,63],{"class":62},[52,69672,4017],{"class":66},[52,69674,81],{"class":73},[52,69676,90],{"class":77},[52,69678,81],{"class":73},[52,69680,193],{"class":66},[52,69682,87],{"class":73},[52,69684,36087],{"class":77},[52,69686,81],{"class":73},[52,69688,193],{"class":66},[52,69690,87],{"class":73},[52,69692,36096],{"class":77},[52,69694,81],{"class":73},[52,69696,4030],{"class":66},[52,69698,69699],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69700,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,69702,69703,69705,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,69704,6356],{"class":4272},[52,69706,69707],{"class":58}," i ",[52,69709,4279],{"class":4272},[52,69711,54226],{"class":148},[52,69713,152],{"class":66},[52,69715,2082],{"class":148},[52,69717,152],{"class":66},[52,69719,5436],{"class":155},[52,69721,69722],{"class":66},")):\n",[52,69724,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69736,69738,69740],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,69726,8463],{"class":148},[52,69728,152],{"class":66},[52,69730,36301],{"class":155},[52,69732,193],{"class":66},[52,69734,69735],{"class":155}," names",[52,69737,1709],{"class":66},[52,69739,36301],{"class":155},[52,69741,1718],{"class":66},[14,69743,164],{},[42,69745,69746],{"className":44,"code":36145,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,69747,69748,69754,69760],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69749,69750,69752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69751,2514],{"class":110},[52,69753,36154],{"class":58},[52,69755,69756,69758],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69757,1565],{"class":110},[52,69759,36161],{"class":58},[52,69761,69762,69764],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,69763,2451],{"class":110},[52,69765,36168],{"class":58},[14,69767,69768,69769,35],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[26,69770,69772],{"href":69771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69774,69775,69776,69778],{},"You can also read ",[26,69777,51702],{"href":51701}," for a task-focused guide.",[37,69780,2220],{"id":2219},[487,69782,69784],{"id":69783},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69786,340,69787,69790],{},[49,69788,69789],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[487,69792,5539,69794,13073],{"id":69793},"what-does-len-return",[49,69795,69796],{},"len([])",[14,69798,5545,69799,69801],{},[49,69800,2514],{}," because the list is empty.",[487,69803,69805],{"id":69804},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69807,69808],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[487,69810,28469,69812,69814],{"id":69811},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[49,69813,68990],{}," in Python?",[14,69816,30412,69817,8617,69819,69821],{},[49,69818,68436],{},[49,69820,42512],{}," is a built-in function.",[37,69823,2277],{"id":2276},[227,69825,69826,69832,69836,69840,69844],{},[230,69827,69828],{},[26,69829,3969,69830,3902],{"href":42509},[49,69831,42512],{},[230,69833,69834],{},[26,69835,52746],{"href":51701},[230,69837,69838],{},[26,69839,52927],{"href":51134},[230,69841,69842],{},[26,69843,69418],{"href":69417},[230,69845,69846],{},[26,69847,69848],{"href":69771},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2315,69850,69851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":69853},[69854,69855,69857,69858,69859,69860,69868,69870,69878],{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":68428,"depth":70,"text":69856},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":68697,"depth":70,"text":68698},{"id":68838,"depth":70,"text":68839},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":69861},[69862,69864,69865,69866],{"id":68987,"depth":98,"text":69863},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25826,"depth":98,"text":25827},{"id":69167,"depth":98,"text":69168},{"id":69421,"depth":98,"text":69867},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69513,"depth":70,"text":69869},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":69871},[69872,69873,69875,69876],{"id":69783,"depth":98,"text":69784},{"id":69793,"depth":98,"text":69874},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69804,"depth":98,"text":69805},{"id":69811,"depth":98,"text":69877},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68323,"description":69879},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69885,"title":69886,"body":69887,"description":71869,"extension":2357,"meta":71870,"navigation":141,"path":71871,"seo":71872,"stem":71873,"__hash__":71874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69888,"toc":71842},[69889,69892,69897,69900,69908,69921,69923,69988,69990,70012,70017,70021,70026,70034,70036,70046,70048,70129,70131,70161,70163,70182,70187,70204,70206,70290,70292,70322,70327,70331,70337,70421,70423,70453,70456,70460,70463,70554,70556,70594,70597,70682,70684,70714,70720,70727,70731,70736,70745,70747,70832,70834,70863,70866,70874,70878,70882,70891,70914,70916,70938,70940,70954,70956,71016,71020,71025,71064,71066,71083,71085,71095,71194,71199,71203,71208,71251,71253,71281,71283,71297,71372,71374,71396,71400,71403,71408,71419,71424,71432,71435,71506,71508,71533,71590,71592,71613,71622,71630,71635,71637,71642,71663,71666,71741,71744,71758,71765,71767,71771,71777,71781,71791,71795,71802,71806,71812,71814,71839],[10,69890,69886],{"id":69891},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69893,69894,69896],{},[49,69895,55238],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69898,69899],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[227,69901,69902,69905],{},[230,69903,69904],{},"delete an item from a list",[230,69906,69907],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69909,69910,69911,69913,69914,9101,69916,69920],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[49,69912,13120],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[49,69915,13120],{},[26,69917,69918],{"href":55228},[49,69919,55685],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[37,69922,40],{"id":39},[42,69924,69926],{"className":44,"code":69925,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,69927,69928,69948,69963,69967,69978],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69929,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69931,4012],{"class":58},[52,69933,63],{"class":62},[52,69935,4017],{"class":66},[52,69937,2728],{"class":110},[52,69939,193],{"class":66},[52,69941,111],{"class":110},[52,69943,193],{"class":66},[52,69945,1929],{"class":110},[52,69947,4030],{"class":66},[52,69949,69950,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,69951,69952],{"class":58},"last_item ",[52,69954,63],{"class":62},[52,69956,4659],{"class":58},[52,69958,35],{"class":66},[52,69960,26381],{"class":155},[52,69962,650],{"class":66},[52,69964,69965],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,69966,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,69968,69969,69971,69973,69976],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,69970,149],{"class":148},[52,69972,152],{"class":66},[52,69974,69975],{"class":155},"last_item",[52,69977,159],{"class":66},[52,69979,69980,69982,69984,69986],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,69981,149],{"class":148},[52,69983,152],{"class":66},[52,69985,1578],{"class":155},[52,69987,159],{"class":66},[14,69989,164],{},[42,69991,69993],{"className":44,"code":69992,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[49,69994,69995,70000],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,69996,69997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69998,69999],{"class":110},"30\n",[52,70001,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70003,1709],{"class":66},[52,70005,2728],{"class":110},[52,70007,193],{"class":66},[52,70009,111],{"class":110},[52,70011,4030],{"class":66},[14,70013,340,70014,70016],{},[49,70015,13120],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[37,70018,70020],{"id":70019},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,70022,70023,70025],{},[49,70024,13120],{}," has two main jobs:",[227,70027,70028,70031],{},[230,70029,70030],{},"It removes one item from a list",[230,70032,70033],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,70035,43802],{},[227,70037,70038,70041,70044],{},[230,70039,70040],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[230,70042,70043],{},"It changes the original list",[230,70045,52901],{},[14,70047,511],{},[42,70049,70051],{"className":44,"code":70050,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[49,70052,70053,70085,70089,70104,70108,70119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70054,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70056,13431],{"class":58},[52,70058,63],{"class":62},[52,70060,4017],{"class":66},[52,70062,81],{"class":73},[52,70064,13448],{"class":77},[52,70066,81],{"class":73},[52,70068,193],{"class":66},[52,70070,87],{"class":73},[52,70072,17591],{"class":77},[52,70074,81],{"class":73},[52,70076,193],{"class":66},[52,70078,87],{"class":73},[52,70080,13465],{"class":77},[52,70082,81],{"class":73},[52,70084,4030],{"class":66},[52,70086,70087],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70088,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70090,70091,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70092,70093],{"class":58},"removed ",[52,70095,63],{"class":62},[52,70097,13479],{"class":58},[52,70099,35],{"class":66},[52,70101,26381],{"class":155},[52,70103,650],{"class":66},[52,70105,70106],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70107,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70109,70110,70112,70114,70117],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70111,149],{"class":148},[52,70113,152],{"class":66},[52,70115,70116],{"class":155},"removed",[52,70118,159],{"class":66},[52,70120,70121,70123,70125,70127],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70122,149],{"class":148},[52,70124,152],{"class":66},[52,70126,17638],{"class":155},[52,70128,159],{"class":66},[14,70130,164],{},[42,70132,70134],{"className":44,"code":70133,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[49,70135,70136,70141],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70137,70138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70139,70140],{"class":58},"blue\n",[52,70142,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70144,1709],{"class":66},[52,70146,177],{"class":73},[52,70148,13448],{"class":77},[52,70150,177],{"class":73},[52,70152,193],{"class":66},[52,70154,186],{"class":73},[52,70156,17591],{"class":77},[52,70158,177],{"class":73},[52,70160,4030],{"class":66},[37,70162,2553],{"id":2552},[42,70164,70166],{"className":44,"code":70165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list.pop([index])\n",[49,70167,70168],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70169,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70171,8488],{"class":646},[52,70173,35],{"class":66},[52,70175,26381],{"class":155},[52,70177,2152],{"class":66},[52,70179,35992],{"class":155},[52,70181,1718],{"class":66},[14,70183,2374,70184,70186],{},[49,70185,35992],{}," is optional.",[227,70188,70189,70195,70201],{},[230,70190,70191,70192,70194],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[49,70193,13120],{}," removes the last item",[230,70196,70197,70198,70200],{},"If you give an index, ",[49,70199,13120],{}," removes the item at that position",[230,70202,70203],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70205,511],{},[42,70207,70209],{"className":44,"code":70208,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[49,70210,70211,70243,70247,70266,70270,70280],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70212,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70214,36237],{"class":58},[52,70216,63],{"class":62},[52,70218,4017],{"class":66},[52,70220,81],{"class":73},[52,70222,26],{"class":77},[52,70224,81],{"class":73},[52,70226,193],{"class":66},[52,70228,87],{"class":73},[52,70230,5157],{"class":77},[52,70232,81],{"class":73},[52,70234,193],{"class":66},[52,70236,87],{"class":73},[52,70238,10111],{"class":77},[52,70240,81],{"class":73},[52,70242,4030],{"class":66},[52,70244,70245],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70246,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70248,70249,70251,70253,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70250,28679],{"class":58},[52,70252,63],{"class":62},[52,70254,70255],{"class":58}," letters",[52,70257,35],{"class":66},[52,70259,26381],{"class":155},[52,70261,152],{"class":66},[52,70263,1565],{"class":110},[52,70265,159],{"class":66},[52,70267,70268],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70269,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70271,70272,70274,70276,70278],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70273,149],{"class":148},[52,70275,152],{"class":66},[52,70277,23449],{"class":155},[52,70279,159],{"class":66},[52,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70283,149],{"class":148},[52,70285,152],{"class":66},[52,70287,36290],{"class":155},[52,70289,159],{"class":66},[14,70291,164],{},[42,70293,70295],{"className":44,"code":70294,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[49,70296,70297,70302],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70298,70299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70300,70301],{"class":58},"b\n",[52,70303,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70305,1709],{"class":66},[52,70307,177],{"class":73},[52,70309,26],{"class":77},[52,70311,177],{"class":73},[52,70313,193],{"class":66},[52,70315,186],{"class":73},[52,70317,10111],{"class":77},[52,70319,177],{"class":73},[52,70321,4030],{"class":66},[14,70323,70324,70325,35],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[26,70326,52927],{"href":51134},[37,70328,70330],{"id":70329},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70332,70333,70334,70336],{},"When you call ",[49,70335,13120],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[42,70338,70340],{"className":44,"code":70339,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[49,70341,70342,70377,70381,70396,70400,70411],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70343,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70355,70357,70359,70361,70364,70366,70368,70370,70373,70375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70345,30039],{"class":58},[52,70347,63],{"class":62},[52,70349,4017],{"class":66},[52,70351,81],{"class":73},[52,70353,70354],{"class":77},"write",[52,70356,81],{"class":73},[52,70358,193],{"class":66},[52,70360,87],{"class":73},[52,70362,70363],{"class":77},"test",[52,70365,81],{"class":73},[52,70367,193],{"class":66},[52,70369,87],{"class":73},[52,70371,70372],{"class":77},"submit",[52,70374,81],{"class":73},[52,70376,4030],{"class":66},[52,70378,70379],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70380,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70382,70383,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70384,70385],{"class":58},"last_task ",[52,70387,63],{"class":62},[52,70389,30117],{"class":58},[52,70391,35],{"class":66},[52,70393,26381],{"class":155},[52,70395,650],{"class":66},[52,70397,70398],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70399,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70401,70402,70404,70406,70409],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70403,149],{"class":148},[52,70405,152],{"class":66},[52,70407,70408],{"class":155},"last_task",[52,70410,159],{"class":66},[52,70412,70413,70415,70417,70419],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70414,149],{"class":148},[52,70416,152],{"class":66},[52,70418,36653],{"class":155},[52,70420,159],{"class":66},[14,70422,164],{},[42,70424,70426],{"className":44,"code":70425,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[49,70427,70428,70433],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70429,70430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70431,70432],{"class":58},"submit\n",[52,70434,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70436,1709],{"class":66},[52,70438,177],{"class":73},[52,70440,70354],{"class":77},[52,70442,177],{"class":73},[52,70444,193],{"class":66},[52,70446,186],{"class":73},[52,70448,70363],{"class":77},[52,70450,177],{"class":73},[52,70452,4030],{"class":66},[14,70454,70455],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[37,70457,70459],{"id":70458},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70461,70462],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[42,70464,70466],{"className":44,"code":70465,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[49,70467,70468,70508,70512,70530,70534,70544],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70469,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70471,36386],{"class":58},[52,70473,63],{"class":62},[52,70475,4017],{"class":66},[52,70477,81],{"class":73},[52,70479,4474],{"class":77},[52,70481,81],{"class":73},[52,70483,193],{"class":66},[52,70485,87],{"class":73},[52,70487,4483],{"class":77},[52,70489,81],{"class":73},[52,70491,193],{"class":66},[52,70493,87],{"class":73},[52,70495,4492],{"class":77},[52,70497,81],{"class":73},[52,70499,193],{"class":66},[52,70501,87],{"class":73},[52,70503,33364],{"class":77},[52,70505,81],{"class":73},[52,70507,4030],{"class":66},[52,70509,70510],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70511,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70513,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70515,70093],{"class":58},[52,70517,63],{"class":62},[52,70519,53007],{"class":58},[52,70521,35],{"class":66},[52,70523,26381],{"class":155},[52,70525,152],{"class":66},[52,70527,1565],{"class":110},[52,70529,159],{"class":66},[52,70531,70532],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70533,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70535,70536,70538,70540,70542],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70537,149],{"class":148},[52,70539,152],{"class":66},[52,70541,70116],{"class":155},[52,70543,159],{"class":66},[52,70545,70546,70548,70550,70552],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70547,149],{"class":148},[52,70549,152],{"class":66},[52,70551,36438],{"class":155},[52,70553,159],{"class":66},[14,70555,164],{},[42,70557,70559],{"className":44,"code":70558,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[49,70560,70561,70566],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70562,70563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70564,70565],{"class":58},"banana\n",[52,70567,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70569,1709],{"class":66},[52,70571,177],{"class":73},[52,70573,4474],{"class":77},[52,70575,177],{"class":73},[52,70577,193],{"class":66},[52,70579,186],{"class":73},[52,70581,4492],{"class":77},[52,70583,177],{"class":73},[52,70585,193],{"class":66},[52,70587,186],{"class":73},[52,70589,33364],{"class":77},[52,70591,177],{"class":73},[52,70593,4030],{"class":66},[14,70595,70596],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[42,70598,70600],{"className":44,"code":70599,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[49,70601,70602,70634,70638,70658,70662,70672],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70603,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630,70632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70605,36386],{"class":58},[52,70607,63],{"class":62},[52,70609,4017],{"class":66},[52,70611,81],{"class":73},[52,70613,4474],{"class":77},[52,70615,81],{"class":73},[52,70617,193],{"class":66},[52,70619,87],{"class":73},[52,70621,4483],{"class":77},[52,70623,81],{"class":73},[52,70625,193],{"class":66},[52,70627,87],{"class":73},[52,70629,4492],{"class":77},[52,70631,81],{"class":73},[52,70633,4030],{"class":66},[52,70635,70636],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70637,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70639,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70641,70093],{"class":58},[52,70643,63],{"class":62},[52,70645,53007],{"class":58},[52,70647,35],{"class":66},[52,70649,26381],{"class":155},[52,70651,152],{"class":66},[52,70653,2416],{"class":62},[52,70655,1565],{"class":110},[52,70657,159],{"class":66},[52,70659,70660],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70661,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70663,70664,70666,70668,70670],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70665,149],{"class":148},[52,70667,152],{"class":66},[52,70669,70116],{"class":155},[52,70671,159],{"class":66},[52,70673,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70675,149],{"class":148},[52,70677,152],{"class":66},[52,70679,36438],{"class":155},[52,70681,159],{"class":66},[14,70683,164],{},[42,70685,70687],{"className":44,"code":70686,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[49,70688,70689,70694],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70690,70691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70692,70693],{"class":58},"cherry\n",[52,70695,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70697,1709],{"class":66},[52,70699,177],{"class":73},[52,70701,4474],{"class":77},[52,70703,177],{"class":73},[52,70705,193],{"class":66},[52,70707,186],{"class":73},[52,70709,4483],{"class":77},[52,70711,177],{"class":73},[52,70713,4030],{"class":66},[14,70715,70716,70717,70719],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[49,70718,66013],{}," means the last item.",[14,70721,70722,70723,35],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[26,70724,70725,2292],{"href":59122},[49,70726,65024],{},[37,70728,70730],{"id":70729},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70732,70733,70735],{},[49,70734,13120],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70737,70738,70739,2262,70741,35],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[49,70740,13120],{},[26,70742,70743],{"href":55228},[49,70744,55685],{},[14,70746,511],{},[42,70748,70750],{"className":44,"code":70749,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[49,70751,70752,70784,70788,70807,70811,70822],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70753,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70755,5392],{"class":58},[52,70757,63],{"class":62},[52,70759,4017],{"class":66},[52,70761,81],{"class":73},[52,70763,90],{"class":77},[52,70765,81],{"class":73},[52,70767,193],{"class":66},[52,70769,87],{"class":73},[52,70771,36087],{"class":77},[52,70773,81],{"class":73},[52,70775,193],{"class":66},[52,70777,87],{"class":73},[52,70779,36096],{"class":77},[52,70781,81],{"class":73},[52,70783,4030],{"class":66},[52,70785,70786],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70787,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70789,70790,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70791,70792],{"class":58},"removed_name ",[52,70794,63],{"class":62},[52,70796,69735],{"class":58},[52,70798,35],{"class":66},[52,70800,26381],{"class":155},[52,70802,152],{"class":66},[52,70804,2514],{"class":110},[52,70806,159],{"class":66},[52,70808,70809],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70810,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70812,70813,70815,70817,70820],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70814,149],{"class":148},[52,70816,152],{"class":66},[52,70818,70819],{"class":155},"removed_name",[52,70821,159],{"class":66},[52,70823,70824,70826,70828,70830],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,70825,149],{"class":148},[52,70827,152],{"class":66},[52,70829,5436],{"class":155},[52,70831,159],{"class":66},[14,70833,164],{},[42,70835,70837],{"className":44,"code":70836,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[49,70838,70839,70843],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70840,70841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70842,50194],{"class":58},[52,70844,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70846,1709],{"class":66},[52,70848,177],{"class":73},[52,70850,36087],{"class":77},[52,70852,177],{"class":73},[52,70854,193],{"class":66},[52,70856,186],{"class":73},[52,70858,36096],{"class":77},[52,70860,177],{"class":73},[52,70862,4030],{"class":66},[14,70864,70865],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70867,70868,70869,70871,70872,35],{},"By comparison, ",[49,70870,55685],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[49,70873,4175],{},[37,70875,70877],{"id":70876},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[487,70879,70881],{"id":70880},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70883,70884,70885,70887,70888,35],{},"If the list is empty, ",[49,70886,13120],{}," raises an ",[49,70889,70890],{},"IndexError",[42,70892,70894],{"className":44,"code":70893,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[49,70895,70896,70904],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70897,70898,70900,70902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70899,8175],{"class":58},[52,70901,63],{"class":62},[52,70903,8233],{"class":66},[52,70905,70906,70908,70910,70912],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70907,8204],{"class":58},[52,70909,35],{"class":66},[52,70911,26381],{"class":155},[52,70913,650],{"class":66},[14,70915,164],{},[42,70917,70919],{"className":44,"code":70918,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[49,70920,70921],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70922,70923,70925,70927,70930,70933,70936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70924,70890],{"class":646},[52,70926,84],{"class":66},[52,70928,70929],{"class":58}," pop ",[52,70931,70932],{"class":4272},"from",[52,70934,70935],{"class":58}," empty ",[52,70937,50040],{"class":646},[14,70939,39411],{},[227,70941,70942,70947],{},[230,70943,70944,70945],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[49,70946,13120],{},[230,70948,70949,70950,2262,70952],{},"Or handle the error with ",[49,70951,29945],{},[49,70953,29976],{},[14,70955,511],{},[42,70957,70959],{"className":44,"code":70958,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[49,70960,70961,70969,70973,70981,70995,71001],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,70962,70963,70965,70967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70964,8175],{"class":58},[52,70966,63],{"class":62},[52,70968,8233],{"class":66},[52,70970,70971],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,70972,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,70974,70975,70977,70979],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,70976,7395],{"class":4272},[52,70978,6364],{"class":58},[52,70980,6792],{"class":66},[52,70982,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,70984,8463],{"class":148},[52,70986,152],{"class":66},[52,70988,8204],{"class":155},[52,70990,35],{"class":66},[52,70992,26381],{"class":155},[52,70994,2058],{"class":66},[52,70996,70997,70999],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,70998,27574],{"class":4272},[52,71000,6792],{"class":66},[52,71002,71003,71005,71007,71009,71012,71014],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71004,8463],{"class":148},[52,71006,152],{"class":66},[52,71008,81],{"class":73},[52,71010,71011],{"class":77},"The list is empty.",[52,71013,81],{"class":73},[52,71015,159],{"class":66},[487,71017,71019],{"id":71018},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,71021,71022,71023,35],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[49,71024,70890],{},[42,71026,71028],{"className":44,"code":71027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[49,71029,71030,71050],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71031,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71033,4012],{"class":58},[52,71035,63],{"class":62},[52,71037,4017],{"class":66},[52,71039,2728],{"class":110},[52,71041,193],{"class":66},[52,71043,111],{"class":110},[52,71045,193],{"class":66},[52,71047,1929],{"class":110},[52,71049,4030],{"class":66},[52,71051,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71053,1578],{"class":58},[52,71055,35],{"class":66},[52,71057,26381],{"class":155},[52,71059,152],{"class":66},[52,71061,2531],{"class":110},[52,71063,159],{"class":66},[14,71065,164],{},[42,71067,71069],{"className":44,"code":71068,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[49,71070,71071],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71072,71073,71075,71077,71080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71074,70890],{"class":646},[52,71076,84],{"class":66},[52,71078,71079],{"class":58}," pop index out of ",[52,71081,71082],{"class":148},"range\n",[14,71084,39411],{},[227,71086,71087,71092],{},[230,71088,71089,71090],{},"Check the list length with ",[49,71091,42512],{},[230,71093,71094],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[42,71096,71098],{"className":44,"code":71097,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[49,71099,71100,71120,71129,71133,71155,71173,71179],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71101,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71103,4012],{"class":58},[52,71105,63],{"class":62},[52,71107,4017],{"class":66},[52,71109,2728],{"class":110},[52,71111,193],{"class":66},[52,71113,111],{"class":110},[52,71115,193],{"class":66},[52,71117,1929],{"class":110},[52,71119,4030],{"class":66},[52,71121,71122,71125,71127],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71123,71124],{"class":58},"index ",[52,71126,63],{"class":62},[52,71128,45742],{"class":110},[52,71130,71131],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,71132,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,71134,71135,71137,71139,71142,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,71136,7395],{"class":4272},[52,71138,4229],{"class":110},[52,71140,71141],{"class":62}," \u003C=",[52,71143,71144],{"class":58}," index ",[52,71146,771],{"class":62},[52,71148,38535],{"class":148},[52,71150,152],{"class":66},[52,71152,1578],{"class":155},[52,71154,8737],{"class":66},[52,71156,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,71158,8463],{"class":148},[52,71160,152],{"class":66},[52,71162,1578],{"class":155},[52,71164,35],{"class":66},[52,71166,26381],{"class":155},[52,71168,152],{"class":66},[52,71170,35992],{"class":155},[52,71172,742],{"class":66},[52,71174,71175,71177],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,71176,27574],{"class":4272},[52,71178,6792],{"class":66},[52,71180,71181,71183,71185,71187,71190,71192],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,71182,8463],{"class":148},[52,71184,152],{"class":66},[52,71186,81],{"class":73},[52,71188,71189],{"class":77},"Index is out of range.",[52,71191,81],{"class":73},[52,71193,159],{"class":66},[14,71195,71196,71197,35],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[26,71198,69418],{"href":69417},[487,71200,71202],{"id":71201},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71204,71205,71207],{},[49,71206,13120],{}," expects an integer index.",[42,71209,71211],{"className":44,"code":71210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[49,71212,71213,71233],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71214,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71216,4012],{"class":58},[52,71218,63],{"class":62},[52,71220,4017],{"class":66},[52,71222,2728],{"class":110},[52,71224,193],{"class":66},[52,71226,111],{"class":110},[52,71228,193],{"class":66},[52,71230,1929],{"class":110},[52,71232,4030],{"class":66},[52,71234,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71236,1578],{"class":58},[52,71238,35],{"class":66},[52,71240,26381],{"class":155},[52,71242,152],{"class":66},[52,71244,81],{"class":73},[52,71246,1565],{"class":77},[52,71248,81],{"class":73},[52,71250,159],{"class":66},[14,71252,164],{},[42,71254,71256],{"className":44,"code":71255,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[49,71257,71258],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71275,71278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71261,3401],{"class":646},[52,71263,84],{"class":66},[52,71265,186],{"class":73},[52,71267,3836],{"class":77},[52,71269,177],{"class":73},[52,71271,24756],{"class":646},[52,71273,71274],{"class":58}," cannot be interpreted ",[52,71276,71277],{"class":4272},"as",[52,71279,71280],{"class":58}," an integer\n",[14,71282,39411],{},[227,71284,71285,71294],{},[230,71286,71287,71288,2203,71290,2589,71292],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[49,71289,2514],{},[49,71291,1565],{},[49,71293,66013],{},[230,71295,71296],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[42,71298,71300],{"className":44,"code":71299,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,71301,71302,71322,71340,71344,71362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71303,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71305,4012],{"class":58},[52,71307,63],{"class":62},[52,71309,4017],{"class":66},[52,71311,2728],{"class":110},[52,71313,193],{"class":66},[52,71315,111],{"class":110},[52,71317,193],{"class":66},[52,71319,1929],{"class":110},[52,71321,4030],{"class":66},[52,71323,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71325,71124],{"class":58},[52,71327,63],{"class":62},[52,71329,45429],{"class":646},[52,71331,152],{"class":66},[52,71333,81],{"class":73},[52,71335,1565],{"class":77},[52,71337,81],{"class":73},[52,71339,159],{"class":66},[52,71341,71342],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,71343,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,71345,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,71347,149],{"class":148},[52,71349,152],{"class":66},[52,71351,1578],{"class":155},[52,71353,35],{"class":66},[52,71355,26381],{"class":155},[52,71357,152],{"class":66},[52,71359,35992],{"class":155},[52,71361,742],{"class":66},[52,71363,71364,71366,71368,71370],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,71365,149],{"class":148},[52,71367,152],{"class":66},[52,71369,1578],{"class":155},[52,71371,159],{"class":66},[14,71373,164],{},[42,71375,71377],{"className":44,"code":71376,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[49,71378,71379,71384],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71380,71381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71382,71383],{"class":110},"20\n",[52,71385,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71387,1709],{"class":66},[52,71389,2728],{"class":110},[52,71391,193],{"class":66},[52,71393,1929],{"class":110},[52,71395,4030],{"class":66},[37,71397,71399],{"id":71398},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71401,71402],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[487,71404,340,71406,10970],{"id":71405},"use-pop-when",[49,71407,13120],{},[227,71409,71410,71413,71416],{},[230,71411,71412],{},"you want to remove by index",[230,71414,71415],{},"you want the removed item returned",[230,71417,71418],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[487,71420,340,71422,10970],{"id":71421},"use-remove-when",[49,71423,55685],{},[227,71425,71426,71429],{},[230,71427,71428],{},"you want to remove by value",[230,71430,71431],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71433,71434],{},"Compare these examples:",[42,71436,71438],{"className":44,"code":71437,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,71439,71440,71464,71468,71486,71496],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71441,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71443,4012],{"class":58},[52,71445,63],{"class":62},[52,71447,4017],{"class":66},[52,71449,2728],{"class":110},[52,71451,193],{"class":66},[52,71453,111],{"class":110},[52,71455,193],{"class":66},[52,71457,1929],{"class":110},[52,71459,193],{"class":66},[52,71461,111],{"class":110},[52,71463,4030],{"class":66},[52,71465,71466],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71467,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,71469,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,71471,70093],{"class":58},[52,71473,63],{"class":62},[52,71475,4659],{"class":58},[52,71477,35],{"class":66},[52,71479,26381],{"class":155},[52,71481,152],{"class":66},[52,71483,1565],{"class":110},[52,71485,159],{"class":66},[52,71487,71488,71490,71492,71494],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,71489,149],{"class":148},[52,71491,152],{"class":66},[52,71493,70116],{"class":155},[52,71495,159],{"class":66},[52,71497,71498,71500,71502,71504],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,71499,149],{"class":148},[52,71501,152],{"class":66},[52,71503,1578],{"class":155},[52,71505,159],{"class":66},[14,71507,164],{},[42,71509,71511],{"className":44,"code":71510,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[49,71512,71513,71517],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71514,71515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71516,71383],{"class":110},[52,71518,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71520,1709],{"class":66},[52,71522,2728],{"class":110},[52,71524,193],{"class":66},[52,71526,1929],{"class":110},[52,71528,193],{"class":66},[52,71530,111],{"class":110},[52,71532,4030],{"class":66},[42,71534,71536],{"className":44,"code":71535,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,71537,71538,71562,71566,71580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71541,4012],{"class":58},[52,71543,63],{"class":62},[52,71545,4017],{"class":66},[52,71547,2728],{"class":110},[52,71549,193],{"class":66},[52,71551,111],{"class":110},[52,71553,193],{"class":66},[52,71555,1929],{"class":110},[52,71557,193],{"class":66},[52,71559,111],{"class":110},[52,71561,4030],{"class":66},[52,71563,71564],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71565,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,71569,1578],{"class":58},[52,71571,35],{"class":66},[52,71573,34939],{"class":155},[52,71575,152],{"class":66},[52,71577,852],{"class":110},[52,71579,159],{"class":66},[52,71581,71582,71584,71586,71588],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,71583,149],{"class":148},[52,71585,152],{"class":66},[52,71587,1578],{"class":155},[52,71589,159],{"class":66},[14,71591,164],{},[42,71593,71595],{"className":44,"code":71594,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[49,71596,71597],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71598,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71600,1709],{"class":66},[52,71602,2728],{"class":110},[52,71604,193],{"class":66},[52,71606,1929],{"class":110},[52,71608,193],{"class":66},[52,71610,111],{"class":110},[52,71612,4030],{"class":66},[14,71614,71615,71616,71619,71620,35],{},"In the first example, ",[49,71617,71618],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[49,71621,1565],{},[14,71623,56761,71624,71627,71628,35],{},[49,71625,71626],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[49,71629,852],{},[14,71631,71632,71633,35],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[26,71634,55224],{"href":55223},[37,71636,1743],{"id":1742},[14,71638,71639,71640,84],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[49,71641,13120],{},[227,71643,71644,71647,71650,71656,71660],{},[230,71645,71646],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[230,71648,71649],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[230,71651,37352,71652,9101,71654],{},[49,71653,13120],{},[49,71655,55685],{},[230,71657,8849,71658,62130],{},[49,71659,13120],{},[230,71661,71662],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71664,71665],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[42,71667,71669],{"className":44,"code":71668,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[49,71670,71671,71681,71695,71709,71727],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71672,71673,71675,71677,71679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71674,149],{"class":148},[52,71676,152],{"class":66},[52,71678,8734],{"class":155},[52,71680,159],{"class":66},[52,71682,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71684,149],{"class":148},[52,71686,152],{"class":66},[52,71688,2082],{"class":148},[52,71690,152],{"class":66},[52,71692,8734],{"class":155},[52,71694,742],{"class":66},[52,71696,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,71698,149],{"class":148},[52,71700,152],{"class":66},[52,71702,8734],{"class":155},[52,71704,35],{"class":66},[52,71706,26381],{"class":155},[52,71708,2058],{"class":66},[52,71710,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,71712,149],{"class":148},[52,71714,152],{"class":66},[52,71716,8734],{"class":155},[52,71718,35],{"class":66},[52,71720,26381],{"class":155},[52,71722,152],{"class":66},[52,71724,2514],{"class":110},[52,71726,742],{"class":66},[52,71728,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,71730,149],{"class":148},[52,71732,152],{"class":66},[52,71734,734],{"class":646},[52,71736,152],{"class":66},[52,71738,35992],{"class":155},[52,71740,742],{"class":66},[14,71742,71743],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[227,71745,71746,71752],{},[230,71747,71748,71751],{},[49,71749,71750],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[230,71753,71754,71757],{},[49,71755,71756],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71759,71760,71761,71764],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[49,71762,71763],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[37,71766,2220],{"id":2219},[487,71768,71770],{"id":71769},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71772,71773,71774,71776],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[49,71775,13120],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[487,71778,71780],{"id":71779},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71782,71783,71785,71786,71788,71789,35],{},[49,71784,13120],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[49,71787,55685],{}," removes by value and returns ",[49,71790,4175],{},[487,71792,71794],{"id":71793},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71796,71797,71798,71801],{},"Yes. For example, ",[49,71799,71800],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[487,71803,71805],{"id":71804},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71807,71808,71809,71811],{},"Python raises ",[49,71810,70890],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[37,71813,2277],{"id":2276},[227,71815,71816,71820,71825,71830,71835],{},[230,71817,71818],{},[26,71819,55671],{"href":55223},[230,71821,71822],{},[26,71823,71824],{"href":55228},"Python list remove() method",[230,71826,71827],{},[26,71828,71829],{"href":59122},"Python list index() method",[230,71831,71832],{},[26,71833,71834],{"href":51134},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[230,71836,71837],{},[26,71838,69418],{"href":69417},[2315,71840,71841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":71843},[71844,71845,71846,71847,71848,71849,71850,71855,71861,71862,71868],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":70019,"depth":70,"text":70020},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":70329,"depth":70,"text":70330},{"id":70458,"depth":70,"text":70459},{"id":70729,"depth":70,"text":70730},{"id":70876,"depth":70,"text":70877,"children":71851},[71852,71853,71854],{"id":70880,"depth":98,"text":70881},{"id":71018,"depth":98,"text":71019},{"id":71201,"depth":98,"text":71202},{"id":71398,"depth":70,"text":71399,"children":71856},[71857,71859],{"id":71405,"depth":98,"text":71858},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71421,"depth":98,"text":71860},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":71863},[71864,71865,71866,71867],{"id":71769,"depth":98,"text":71770},{"id":71779,"depth":98,"text":71780},{"id":71793,"depth":98,"text":71794},{"id":71804,"depth":98,"text":71805},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69886,"description":71869},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71876,"title":71877,"body":71878,"description":73664,"extension":2357,"meta":73665,"navigation":141,"path":73666,"seo":73667,"stem":73668,"__hash__":73669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71879,"toc":73646},[71880,71883,71888,71894,71896,71966,71972,71976,71981,72002,72005,72072,72074,72095,72103,72105,72124,72140,72142,72207,72209,72234,72236,72238,72303,72305,72330,72332,72346,72349,72402,72404,72425,72429,72437,72510,72512,72545,72551,72557,72648,72650,72675,72681,72770,72772,72796,72798,72802,72857,72859,72891,72894,72897,72991,72993,73026,73032,73038,73042,73049,73075,73079,73144,73146,73171,73175,73256,73258,73287,73292,73297,73303,73307,73314,73336,73340,73399,73401,73425,73434,73439,73441,73445,73474,73476,73551,73554,73568,73574,73576,73580,73583,73587,73592,73596,73605,73609,73617,73619,73643],[10,71881,71877],{"id":71882},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71884,2374,71885,71887],{},[49,71886,55231],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71889,71890,71891,71893],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[18,71892,263],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[37,71895,40],{"id":39},[42,71897,71899],{"className":44,"code":71898,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[49,71900,71901,71933,71951,71961],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71904,8175],{"class":58},[52,71906,63],{"class":62},[52,71908,4017],{"class":66},[52,71910,81],{"class":73},[52,71912,4474],{"class":77},[52,71914,81],{"class":73},[52,71916,193],{"class":66},[52,71918,87],{"class":73},[52,71920,4483],{"class":77},[52,71922,81],{"class":73},[52,71924,193],{"class":66},[52,71926,87],{"class":73},[52,71928,33364],{"class":77},[52,71930,81],{"class":73},[52,71932,4030],{"class":66},[52,71934,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,71936,8204],{"class":58},[52,71938,35],{"class":66},[52,71940,34939],{"class":155},[52,71942,152],{"class":66},[52,71944,81],{"class":73},[52,71946,4483],{"class":77},[52,71948,81],{"class":73},[52,71950,159],{"class":66},[52,71952,71953,71955,71957,71959],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,71954,149],{"class":148},[52,71956,152],{"class":66},[52,71958,8204],{"class":155},[52,71960,159],{"class":66},[52,71962,71963],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,71964,71965],{"class":1017},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71967,340,71968,71971],{},[49,71969,71970],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[37,71973,71975],{"id":71974},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71977,71978,71980],{},[49,71979,55685],{}," is a list method that:",[227,71982,71983,71989,71994,71999],{},[230,71984,71985,71986,71988],{},"Deletes the ",[18,71987,30050],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[230,71990,71991,71992],{},"Changes the original list ",[18,71993,11696],{},[230,71995,13061,71996,71998],{},[18,71997,1006],{}," return a new list",[230,72000,72001],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,72003,72004],{},"This is important for beginners:",[42,72006,72008],{"className":44,"code":72007,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[49,72009,72010,72030,72048,72052,72062],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72011,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72013,4012],{"class":58},[52,72015,63],{"class":62},[52,72017,4017],{"class":66},[52,72019,1565],{"class":110},[52,72021,193],{"class":66},[52,72023,1570],{"class":110},[52,72025,193],{"class":66},[52,72027,2850],{"class":110},[52,72029,4030],{"class":66},[52,72031,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72033,2626],{"class":58},[52,72035,63],{"class":62},[52,72037,4659],{"class":58},[52,72039,35],{"class":66},[52,72041,34939],{"class":155},[52,72043,152],{"class":66},[52,72045,2451],{"class":110},[52,72047,159],{"class":66},[52,72049,72050],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72051,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,72053,72054,72056,72058,72060],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,72055,149],{"class":148},[52,72057,152],{"class":66},[52,72059,1578],{"class":155},[52,72061,159],{"class":66},[52,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,72065,149],{"class":148},[52,72067,152],{"class":66},[52,72069,2661],{"class":155},[52,72071,159],{"class":66},[14,72073,164],{},[42,72075,72077],{"className":44,"code":72076,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[49,72078,72079,72091],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72080,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72082,1709],{"class":66},[52,72084,1565],{"class":110},[52,72086,193],{"class":66},[52,72088,2850],{"class":110},[52,72090,4030],{"class":66},[52,72092,72093],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72094,12165],{"class":128},[14,72096,72097,72098,72100,72101,35],{},"The list changed, but ",[49,72099,55685],{}," itself returned ",[49,72102,4175],{},[37,72104,5828],{"id":5827},[42,72106,72108],{"className":44,"code":72107,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list.remove(value)\n",[49,72109,72110],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72111,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72113,8488],{"class":646},[52,72115,35],{"class":66},[52,72117,34939],{"class":155},[52,72119,152],{"class":66},[52,72121,263],{"class":155},[52,72123,159],{"class":66},[227,72125,72126,72131,72134],{},[230,72127,72128,72130],{},[49,72129,263],{}," is the item you want to delete",[230,72132,72133],{},"Python searches from left to right",[230,72135,72136,72137,72139],{},"Only the ",[18,72138,30050],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72141,511],{},[42,72143,72145],{"className":44,"code":72144,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,72146,72147,72179,72197],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72148,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72150,36237],{"class":58},[52,72152,63],{"class":62},[52,72154,4017],{"class":66},[52,72156,81],{"class":73},[52,72158,26],{"class":77},[52,72160,81],{"class":73},[52,72162,193],{"class":66},[52,72164,87],{"class":73},[52,72166,5157],{"class":77},[52,72168,81],{"class":73},[52,72170,193],{"class":66},[52,72172,87],{"class":73},[52,72174,10111],{"class":77},[52,72176,81],{"class":73},[52,72178,4030],{"class":66},[52,72180,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72182,36290],{"class":58},[52,72184,35],{"class":66},[52,72186,34939],{"class":155},[52,72188,152],{"class":66},[52,72190,81],{"class":73},[52,72192,5157],{"class":77},[52,72194,81],{"class":73},[52,72196,159],{"class":66},[52,72198,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72200,149],{"class":148},[52,72202,152],{"class":66},[52,72204,36290],{"class":155},[52,72206,159],{"class":66},[14,72208,164],{},[42,72210,72212],{"className":44,"code":72211,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['a', 'c']\n",[49,72213,72214],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72215,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72217,1709],{"class":66},[52,72219,177],{"class":73},[52,72221,26],{"class":77},[52,72223,177],{"class":73},[52,72225,193],{"class":66},[52,72227,186],{"class":73},[52,72229,10111],{"class":77},[52,72231,177],{"class":73},[52,72233,4030],{"class":66},[37,72235,6185],{"id":6184},[14,72237,65333],{},[42,72239,72241],{"className":44,"code":72240,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[49,72242,72243,72275,72293],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72244,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72246,13431],{"class":58},[52,72248,63],{"class":62},[52,72250,4017],{"class":66},[52,72252,81],{"class":73},[52,72254,13448],{"class":77},[52,72256,81],{"class":73},[52,72258,193],{"class":66},[52,72260,87],{"class":73},[52,72262,13465],{"class":77},[52,72264,81],{"class":73},[52,72266,193],{"class":66},[52,72268,87],{"class":73},[52,72270,17591],{"class":77},[52,72272,81],{"class":73},[52,72274,4030],{"class":66},[52,72276,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72278,17638],{"class":58},[52,72280,35],{"class":66},[52,72282,34939],{"class":155},[52,72284,152],{"class":66},[52,72286,81],{"class":73},[52,72288,13465],{"class":77},[52,72290,81],{"class":73},[52,72292,159],{"class":66},[52,72294,72295,72297,72299,72301],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72296,149],{"class":148},[52,72298,152],{"class":66},[52,72300,17638],{"class":155},[52,72302,159],{"class":66},[14,72304,164],{},[42,72306,72308],{"className":44,"code":72307,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['red', 'green']\n",[49,72309,72310],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72311,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72313,1709],{"class":66},[52,72315,177],{"class":73},[52,72317,13448],{"class":77},[52,72319,177],{"class":73},[52,72321,193],{"class":66},[52,72323,186],{"class":73},[52,72325,17591],{"class":77},[52,72327,177],{"class":73},[52,72329,4030],{"class":66},[14,72331,12041],{},[227,72333,72334,72337,72343],{},[230,72335,72336],{},"A list is created with three values",[230,72338,72339,72342],{},[49,72340,72341],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[230,72344,72345],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72347,72348],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[42,72350,72352],{"className":44,"code":72351,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[49,72353,72354,72378,72392],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72355,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72357,1441],{"class":58},[52,72359,63],{"class":62},[52,72361,4017],{"class":66},[52,72363,2728],{"class":110},[52,72365,193],{"class":66},[52,72367,111],{"class":110},[52,72369,193],{"class":66},[52,72371,1929],{"class":110},[52,72373,193],{"class":66},[52,72375,50998],{"class":110},[52,72377,4030],{"class":66},[52,72379,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72381,1508],{"class":58},[52,72383,35],{"class":66},[52,72385,34939],{"class":155},[52,72387,152],{"class":66},[52,72389,36989],{"class":110},[52,72391,159],{"class":66},[52,72393,72394,72396,72398,72400],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72395,149],{"class":148},[52,72397,152],{"class":66},[52,72399,1508],{"class":155},[52,72401,159],{"class":66},[14,72403,164],{},[42,72405,72407],{"className":44,"code":72406,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[49,72408,72409],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72410,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72412,1709],{"class":66},[52,72414,2728],{"class":110},[52,72416,193],{"class":66},[52,72418,111],{"class":110},[52,72420,193],{"class":66},[52,72422,50998],{"class":110},[52,72424,4030],{"class":66},[37,72426,72428],{"id":72427},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72430,65323,72431,72433,72434,72436],{},[49,72432,55685],{}," deletes only the ",[18,72435,30050],{}," one.",[42,72438,72440],{"className":44,"code":72439,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[49,72441,72442,72482,72500],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72443,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72445,8175],{"class":58},[52,72447,63],{"class":62},[52,72449,4017],{"class":66},[52,72451,81],{"class":73},[52,72453,4474],{"class":77},[52,72455,81],{"class":73},[52,72457,193],{"class":66},[52,72459,87],{"class":73},[52,72461,4483],{"class":77},[52,72463,81],{"class":73},[52,72465,193],{"class":66},[52,72467,87],{"class":73},[52,72469,4474],{"class":77},[52,72471,81],{"class":73},[52,72473,193],{"class":66},[52,72475,87],{"class":73},[52,72477,33364],{"class":77},[52,72479,81],{"class":73},[52,72481,4030],{"class":66},[52,72483,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72485,8204],{"class":58},[52,72487,35],{"class":66},[52,72489,34939],{"class":155},[52,72491,152],{"class":66},[52,72493,81],{"class":73},[52,72495,4474],{"class":77},[52,72497,81],{"class":73},[52,72499,159],{"class":66},[52,72501,72502,72504,72506,72508],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72503,149],{"class":148},[52,72505,152],{"class":66},[52,72507,8204],{"class":155},[52,72509,159],{"class":66},[14,72511,164],{},[42,72513,72515],{"className":44,"code":72514,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[49,72516,72517],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72518,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72520,1709],{"class":66},[52,72522,177],{"class":73},[52,72524,4483],{"class":77},[52,72526,177],{"class":73},[52,72528,193],{"class":66},[52,72530,186],{"class":73},[52,72532,4474],{"class":77},[52,72534,177],{"class":73},[52,72536,193],{"class":66},[52,72538,186],{"class":73},[52,72540,33364],{"class":77},[52,72542,177],{"class":73},[52,72544,4030],{"class":66},[14,72546,72547,72548,72550],{},"Only the first ",[49,72549,57990],{}," was removed.",[14,72552,72553,72554,72556],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[49,72555,55685],{}," again:",[42,72558,72560],{"className":44,"code":72559,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[49,72561,72562,72602,72620,72638],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72563,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72565,8175],{"class":58},[52,72567,63],{"class":62},[52,72569,4017],{"class":66},[52,72571,81],{"class":73},[52,72573,4474],{"class":77},[52,72575,81],{"class":73},[52,72577,193],{"class":66},[52,72579,87],{"class":73},[52,72581,4483],{"class":77},[52,72583,81],{"class":73},[52,72585,193],{"class":66},[52,72587,87],{"class":73},[52,72589,4474],{"class":77},[52,72591,81],{"class":73},[52,72593,193],{"class":66},[52,72595,87],{"class":73},[52,72597,33364],{"class":77},[52,72599,81],{"class":73},[52,72601,4030],{"class":66},[52,72603,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72605,8204],{"class":58},[52,72607,35],{"class":66},[52,72609,34939],{"class":155},[52,72611,152],{"class":66},[52,72613,81],{"class":73},[52,72615,4474],{"class":77},[52,72617,81],{"class":73},[52,72619,159],{"class":66},[52,72621,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72623,8204],{"class":58},[52,72625,35],{"class":66},[52,72627,34939],{"class":155},[52,72629,152],{"class":66},[52,72631,81],{"class":73},[52,72633,4474],{"class":77},[52,72635,81],{"class":73},[52,72637,159],{"class":66},[52,72639,72640,72642,72644,72646],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,72641,149],{"class":148},[52,72643,152],{"class":66},[52,72645,8204],{"class":155},[52,72647,159],{"class":66},[14,72649,164],{},[42,72651,72653],{"className":44,"code":72652,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[49,72654,72655],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72656,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72658,1709],{"class":66},[52,72660,177],{"class":73},[52,72662,4483],{"class":77},[52,72664,177],{"class":73},[52,72666,193],{"class":66},[52,72668,186],{"class":73},[52,72670,33364],{"class":77},[52,72672,177],{"class":73},[52,72674,4030],{"class":66},[14,72676,72677,72678,72680],{},"If you need to remove ",[18,72679,4112],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[42,72682,72684],{"className":44,"code":72683,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[49,72685,72686,72726,72760],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72687,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72689,8175],{"class":58},[52,72691,63],{"class":62},[52,72693,4017],{"class":66},[52,72695,81],{"class":73},[52,72697,4474],{"class":77},[52,72699,81],{"class":73},[52,72701,193],{"class":66},[52,72703,87],{"class":73},[52,72705,4483],{"class":77},[52,72707,81],{"class":73},[52,72709,193],{"class":66},[52,72711,87],{"class":73},[52,72713,4474],{"class":77},[52,72715,81],{"class":73},[52,72717,193],{"class":66},[52,72719,87],{"class":73},[52,72721,33364],{"class":77},[52,72723,81],{"class":73},[52,72725,4030],{"class":66},[52,72727,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72745,72747,72749,72752,72754,72756,72758],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72729,8175],{"class":58},[52,72731,63],{"class":62},[52,72733,4017],{"class":66},[52,72735,28679],{"class":58},[52,72737,6356],{"class":4272},[52,72739,6359],{"class":58},[52,72741,4279],{"class":4272},[52,72743,72744],{"class":58}," items ",[52,72746,7395],{"class":4272},[52,72748,6359],{"class":58},[52,72750,72751],{"class":62},"!=",[52,72753,87],{"class":73},[52,72755,4474],{"class":77},[52,72757,81],{"class":73},[52,72759,4030],{"class":66},[52,72761,72762,72764,72766,72768],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72763,149],{"class":148},[52,72765,152],{"class":66},[52,72767,8204],{"class":155},[52,72769,159],{"class":66},[14,72771,164],{},[42,72773,72774],{"className":44,"code":72652,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,72775,72776],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72777,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72779,1709],{"class":66},[52,72781,177],{"class":73},[52,72783,4483],{"class":77},[52,72785,177],{"class":73},[52,72787,193],{"class":66},[52,72789,186],{"class":73},[52,72791,33364],{"class":77},[52,72793,177],{"class":73},[52,72795,4030],{"class":66},[37,72797,65789],{"id":65788},[14,72799,65792,72800,35],{},[49,72801,40854],{},[42,72803,72805],{"className":44,"code":72804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[49,72806,72807,72839],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72808,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72810,8175],{"class":58},[52,72812,63],{"class":62},[52,72814,4017],{"class":66},[52,72816,81],{"class":73},[52,72818,4474],{"class":77},[52,72820,81],{"class":73},[52,72822,193],{"class":66},[52,72824,87],{"class":73},[52,72826,4483],{"class":77},[52,72828,81],{"class":73},[52,72830,193],{"class":66},[52,72832,87],{"class":73},[52,72834,33364],{"class":77},[52,72836,81],{"class":73},[52,72838,4030],{"class":66},[52,72840,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72842,8204],{"class":58},[52,72844,35],{"class":66},[52,72846,34939],{"class":155},[52,72848,152],{"class":66},[52,72850,81],{"class":73},[52,72852,22671],{"class":77},[52,72854,81],{"class":73},[52,72856,159],{"class":66},[14,72858,164],{},[42,72860,72862],{"className":44,"code":72861,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[49,72863,72864],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72867,40854],{"class":646},[52,72869,84],{"class":66},[52,72871,22698],{"class":646},[52,72873,35],{"class":66},[52,72875,34939],{"class":155},[52,72877,152],{"class":66},[52,72879,2570],{"class":155},[52,72881,1573],{"class":66},[52,72883,4276],{"class":58},[52,72885,1006],{"class":62},[52,72887,21311],{"class":62},[52,72889,72890],{"class":646}," list\n",[14,72892,72893],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72895,72896],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[42,72898,72900],{"className":44,"code":72899,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,72901,72902,72934,72946,72950,72962,72977,72981],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72905,8175],{"class":58},[52,72907,63],{"class":62},[52,72909,4017],{"class":66},[52,72911,81],{"class":73},[52,72913,4474],{"class":77},[52,72915,81],{"class":73},[52,72917,193],{"class":66},[52,72919,87],{"class":73},[52,72921,4483],{"class":77},[52,72923,81],{"class":73},[52,72925,193],{"class":66},[52,72927,87],{"class":73},[52,72929,33364],{"class":77},[52,72931,81],{"class":73},[52,72933,4030],{"class":66},[52,72935,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,72937,2845],{"class":58},[52,72939,63],{"class":62},[52,72941,87],{"class":73},[52,72943,22671],{"class":77},[52,72945,297],{"class":73},[52,72947,72948],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,72949,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,72951,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,72953,7395],{"class":4272},[52,72955,21722],{"class":58},[52,72957,4279],{"class":62},[52,72959,6364],{"class":58},[52,72961,6792],{"class":66},[52,72963,72964,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,72965,72966],{"class":58},"    items",[52,72968,35],{"class":66},[52,72970,34939],{"class":155},[52,72972,152],{"class":66},[52,72974,263],{"class":155},[52,72976,159],{"class":66},[52,72978,72979],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,72980,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,72982,72983,72985,72987,72989],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,72984,149],{"class":148},[52,72986,152],{"class":66},[52,72988,8204],{"class":155},[52,72990,159],{"class":66},[14,72992,164],{},[42,72994,72996],{"className":44,"code":72995,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[49,72997,72998],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,72999,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73001,1709],{"class":66},[52,73003,177],{"class":73},[52,73005,4474],{"class":77},[52,73007,177],{"class":73},[52,73009,193],{"class":66},[52,73011,186],{"class":73},[52,73013,4483],{"class":77},[52,73015,177],{"class":73},[52,73017,193],{"class":66},[52,73019,186],{"class":73},[52,73021,33364],{"class":77},[52,73023,177],{"class":73},[52,73025,4030],{"class":66},[14,73027,73028,73029,73031],{},"This avoids the error because ",[49,73030,55685],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,73033,73034,73035,35],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[26,73036,65998],{"href":73037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[37,73039,73041],{"id":73040},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,73043,73044,2262,73046,73048],{},[49,73045,55685],{},[49,73047,13120],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[227,73050,73051,73058,73064,73070],{},[230,73052,73053,73055,73056],{},[49,73054,55685],{}," deletes by ",[18,73057,263],{},[230,73059,73060,73055,73062],{},[49,73061,13120],{},[18,73063,35992],{},[230,73065,73066,2795,73068],{},[49,73067,55685],{},[49,73069,4175],{},[230,73071,73072,73074],{},[49,73073,13120],{}," returns the removed item",[14,73076,46193,73077,84],{},[49,73078,55685],{},[42,73080,73082],{"className":44,"code":73081,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[49,73083,73084,73116,73134],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73085,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73087,8175],{"class":58},[52,73089,63],{"class":62},[52,73091,4017],{"class":66},[52,73093,81],{"class":73},[52,73095,4474],{"class":77},[52,73097,81],{"class":73},[52,73099,193],{"class":66},[52,73101,87],{"class":73},[52,73103,4483],{"class":77},[52,73105,81],{"class":73},[52,73107,193],{"class":66},[52,73109,87],{"class":73},[52,73111,33364],{"class":77},[52,73113,81],{"class":73},[52,73115,4030],{"class":66},[52,73117,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73119,8204],{"class":58},[52,73121,35],{"class":66},[52,73123,34939],{"class":155},[52,73125,152],{"class":66},[52,73127,81],{"class":73},[52,73129,4483],{"class":77},[52,73131,81],{"class":73},[52,73133,159],{"class":66},[52,73135,73136,73138,73140,73142],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73137,149],{"class":148},[52,73139,152],{"class":66},[52,73141,8204],{"class":155},[52,73143,159],{"class":66},[14,73145,164],{},[42,73147,73149],{"className":44,"code":73148,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[49,73150,73151],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73152,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73154,1709],{"class":66},[52,73156,177],{"class":73},[52,73158,4474],{"class":77},[52,73160,177],{"class":73},[52,73162,193],{"class":66},[52,73164,186],{"class":73},[52,73166,33364],{"class":77},[52,73168,177],{"class":73},[52,73170,4030],{"class":66},[14,73172,46193,73173,84],{},[49,73174,13120],{},[42,73176,73178],{"className":44,"code":73177,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[49,73179,73180,73212,73231,73235,73245],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73181,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73183,8175],{"class":58},[52,73185,63],{"class":62},[52,73187,4017],{"class":66},[52,73189,81],{"class":73},[52,73191,4474],{"class":77},[52,73193,81],{"class":73},[52,73195,193],{"class":66},[52,73197,87],{"class":73},[52,73199,4483],{"class":77},[52,73201,81],{"class":73},[52,73203,193],{"class":66},[52,73205,87],{"class":73},[52,73207,33364],{"class":77},[52,73209,81],{"class":73},[52,73211,4030],{"class":66},[52,73213,73214,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73215,73216],{"class":58},"removed_item ",[52,73218,63],{"class":62},[52,73220,6364],{"class":58},[52,73222,35],{"class":66},[52,73224,26381],{"class":155},[52,73226,152],{"class":66},[52,73228,1565],{"class":110},[52,73230,159],{"class":66},[52,73232,73233],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73234,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,73236,73237,73239,73241,73243],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,73238,149],{"class":148},[52,73240,152],{"class":66},[52,73242,8204],{"class":155},[52,73244,159],{"class":66},[52,73246,73247,73249,73251,73254],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,73248,149],{"class":148},[52,73250,152],{"class":66},[52,73252,73253],{"class":155},"removed_item",[52,73255,159],{"class":66},[14,73257,164],{},[42,73259,73261],{"className":44,"code":73260,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[49,73262,73263,73283],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73264,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73266,1709],{"class":66},[52,73268,177],{"class":73},[52,73270,4474],{"class":77},[52,73272,177],{"class":73},[52,73274,193],{"class":66},[52,73276,186],{"class":73},[52,73278,33364],{"class":77},[52,73280,177],{"class":73},[52,73282,4030],{"class":66},[52,73284,73285],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73286,70565],{"class":58},[14,73288,340,73289,73291],{},[49,73290,55685],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73293,340,73294,73296],{},[49,73295,13120],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73298,73299,73300,35],{},"For more detail, see the ",[26,73301,73302],{"href":55235},"Python list pop() method",[37,73304,73306],{"id":73305},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73308,73309,2262,73311,73313],{},[49,73310,55685],{},[49,73312,27165],{}," are also different.",[227,73315,73316,73321,73326,73331],{},[230,73317,73318,73320],{},[49,73319,55685],{}," deletes by matching value",[230,73322,73323,73325],{},[49,73324,27165],{}," deletes by index or slice",[230,73327,340,73328,73330],{},[49,73329,27165],{}," when you know the position",[230,73332,340,73333,73335],{},[49,73334,55685],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73337,46193,73338,84],{},[49,73339,27165],{},[42,73341,73343],{"className":44,"code":73342,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[49,73344,73345,73377,73389],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73346,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73348,8175],{"class":58},[52,73350,63],{"class":62},[52,73352,4017],{"class":66},[52,73354,81],{"class":73},[52,73356,4474],{"class":77},[52,73358,81],{"class":73},[52,73360,193],{"class":66},[52,73362,87],{"class":73},[52,73364,4483],{"class":77},[52,73366,81],{"class":73},[52,73368,193],{"class":66},[52,73370,87],{"class":73},[52,73372,33364],{"class":77},[52,73374,81],{"class":73},[52,73376,4030],{"class":66},[52,73378,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73380,27165],{"class":4272},[52,73382,6364],{"class":58},[52,73384,1709],{"class":66},[52,73386,1565],{"class":110},[52,73388,4030],{"class":66},[52,73390,73391,73393,73395,73397],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73392,149],{"class":148},[52,73394,152],{"class":66},[52,73396,8204],{"class":155},[52,73398,159],{"class":66},[14,73400,164],{},[42,73402,73403],{"className":44,"code":73148,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,73404,73405],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73406,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73408,1709],{"class":66},[52,73410,177],{"class":73},[52,73412,4474],{"class":77},[52,73414,177],{"class":73},[52,73416,193],{"class":66},[52,73418,186],{"class":73},[52,73420,33364],{"class":77},[52,73422,177],{"class":73},[52,73424,4030],{"class":66},[14,73426,73427,73428,73430,73431,73433],{},"This removed the item at index ",[49,73429,1565],{},", not the value ",[49,73432,65433],{}," directly.",[14,73435,73436,73437,35],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[26,73438,55224],{"href":55223},[37,73440,1743],{"id":1742},[14,73442,21349,73443,84],{},[49,73444,55685],{},[227,73446,73447,73450,73455,73462,73471],{},[230,73448,73449],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[230,73451,8849,73452,73454],{},[49,73453,55685],{}," to delete all matching values",[230,73456,12951,73457,73459,73460],{},[49,73458,55685],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[49,73461,4175],{},[230,73463,8813,73464,44782,73466,30,73468,73470],{},[49,73465,55685],{},[49,73467,13120],{},[49,73469,27165],{}," would be a better fit",[230,73472,73473],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73475,71665],{},[42,73477,73479],{"className":44,"code":73478,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[49,73480,73481,73491,73505,73523,73537],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73482,73483,73485,73487,73489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73484,149],{"class":148},[52,73486,152],{"class":66},[52,73488,8734],{"class":155},[52,73490,159],{"class":66},[52,73492,73493,73495,73497,73499,73501,73503],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73494,149],{"class":148},[52,73496,152],{"class":66},[52,73498,2845],{"class":155},[52,73500,4279],{"class":4272},[52,73502,8791],{"class":155},[52,73504,159],{"class":66},[52,73506,73507,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73508,149],{"class":148},[52,73510,152],{"class":66},[52,73512,8734],{"class":155},[52,73514,35],{"class":66},[52,73516,41410],{"class":155},[52,73518,152],{"class":66},[52,73520,263],{"class":155},[52,73522,742],{"class":66},[52,73524,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,73526,149],{"class":148},[52,73528,152],{"class":66},[52,73530,734],{"class":646},[52,73532,152],{"class":66},[52,73534,8734],{"class":155},[52,73536,742],{"class":66},[52,73538,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,73540,32295],{"class":148},[52,73542,152],{"class":66},[52,73544,8488],{"class":646},[52,73546,35],{"class":66},[52,73548,34939],{"class":24889},[52,73550,159],{"class":66},[14,73552,73553],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[227,73555,73556,73559,73562,73565],{},[230,73557,73558],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[230,73560,73561],{},"How many times does it appear?",[230,73563,73564],{},"Am I working with a list?",[230,73566,73567],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73569,73570,73571,73573],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[26,73572,71829],{"href":59122}," may also help.",[37,73575,2220],{"id":2219},[487,73577,73579],{"id":73578},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73581,73582],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[487,73584,73586],{"id":73585},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73588,5545,73589,73591],{},[49,73590,4175],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[487,73593,73595],{"id":73594},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73597,73598,73599,73602,73603,35],{},"Check with ",[49,73600,73601],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[49,73604,55685],{},[487,73606,73608],{"id":73607},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73610,340,73611,73613,73614,73616],{},[49,73612,55685],{}," for a value and ",[49,73615,13120],{}," for an index.",[37,73618,2277],{"id":2276},[227,73620,73621,73625,73629,73633,73637],{},[230,73622,73623],{},[26,73624,55671],{"href":55223},[230,73626,73627],{},[26,73628,73302],{"href":55235},[230,73630,73631],{},[26,73632,71829],{"href":59122},[230,73634,73635],{},[26,73636,65998],{"href":73037},[230,73638,73639],{},[26,73640,73642],{"href":73641},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2315,73644,73645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":73647},[73648,73649,73650,73651,73652,73653,73654,73655,73656,73657,73663],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":71974,"depth":70,"text":71975},{"id":5827,"depth":70,"text":5828},{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":72427,"depth":70,"text":72428},{"id":65788,"depth":70,"text":65789},{"id":73040,"depth":70,"text":73041},{"id":73305,"depth":70,"text":73306},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":73658},[73659,73660,73661,73662],{"id":73578,"depth":98,"text":73579},{"id":73585,"depth":98,"text":73586},{"id":73594,"depth":98,"text":73595},{"id":73607,"depth":98,"text":73608},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71877,"description":73664},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73671,"title":73672,"body":73673,"description":75564,"extension":2357,"meta":75565,"navigation":141,"path":75566,"seo":75567,"stem":75568,"__hash__":75569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73674,"toc":75534},[73675,73681,73687,73690,73701,73703,73752,73757,73762,73766,73781,73783,73848,73850,73891,73893,73895,73910,73912,73923,73925,73982,73984,74017,74019,74022,74071,74073,74098,74100,74116,74122,74129,74190,74192,74225,74230,74233,74313,74315,74376,74382,74386,74389,74453,74455,74480,74482,74502,74504,74553,74555,74576,74585,74588,74592,74597,74642,74644,74665,74671,74676,74684,74748,74750,74787,74793,74797,74804,74869,74871,74908,74912,74929,74939,74944,74949,74960,74967,74969,74975,74998,75001,75028,75033,75036,75137,75139,75194,75197,75304,75306,75377,75380,75406,75408,75413,75417,75425,75430,75435,75441,75446,75450,75453,75470,75473,75493,75501,75503,75531],[10,73676,54498,73678,11684],{"id":73677},"python-list-reverse-method",[49,73679,73680],{},"reverse()",[14,73682,73683,73686],{},[49,73684,73685],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73688,73689],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73691,73692,73693,73695,73696,73700],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[49,73694,73680],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[26,73697,73699],{"href":73698},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[37,73702,4002],{"id":4001},[42,73704,73706],{"className":44,"code":73705,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[49,73707,73708,73728,73739],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73709,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73711,4012],{"class":58},[52,73713,63],{"class":62},[52,73715,4017],{"class":66},[52,73717,1565],{"class":110},[52,73719,193],{"class":66},[52,73721,1570],{"class":110},[52,73723,193],{"class":66},[52,73725,2850],{"class":110},[52,73727,4030],{"class":66},[52,73729,73730,73732,73734,73737],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73731,1578],{"class":58},[52,73733,35],{"class":66},[52,73735,73736],{"class":155},"reverse",[52,73738,650],{"class":66},[52,73740,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73742,149],{"class":148},[52,73744,152],{"class":66},[52,73746,1578],{"class":155},[52,73748,4056],{"class":66},[52,73750,73751],{"class":1017},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73753,73754,73756],{},[49,73755,73680],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[37,73758,4073,73760,4076],{"id":73759},"what-listreverse-does",[49,73761,73685],{},[14,73763,73764,84],{},[49,73765,73685],{},[227,73767,73768,73771,73774,73778],{},[230,73769,73770],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[230,73772,73773],{},"Changes the original list directly",[230,73775,11786,73776],{},[49,73777,4175],{},[230,73779,73780],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73782,511],{},[42,73784,73786],{"className":44,"code":73785,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[49,73787,73788,73828,73838],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73789,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73791,36237],{"class":58},[52,73793,63],{"class":62},[52,73795,4017],{"class":66},[52,73797,81],{"class":73},[52,73799,26],{"class":77},[52,73801,81],{"class":73},[52,73803,193],{"class":66},[52,73805,87],{"class":73},[52,73807,5157],{"class":77},[52,73809,81],{"class":73},[52,73811,193],{"class":66},[52,73813,87],{"class":73},[52,73815,10111],{"class":77},[52,73817,81],{"class":73},[52,73819,193],{"class":66},[52,73821,87],{"class":73},[52,73823,18904],{"class":77},[52,73825,81],{"class":73},[52,73827,4030],{"class":66},[52,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73831,36290],{"class":58},[52,73833,35],{"class":66},[52,73835,73736],{"class":155},[52,73837,650],{"class":66},[52,73839,73840,73842,73844,73846],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73841,149],{"class":148},[52,73843,152],{"class":66},[52,73845,36290],{"class":155},[52,73847,159],{"class":66},[14,73849,164],{},[42,73851,73853],{"className":44,"code":73852,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[49,73854,73855],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73856,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73858,1709],{"class":66},[52,73860,177],{"class":73},[52,73862,18904],{"class":77},[52,73864,177],{"class":73},[52,73866,193],{"class":66},[52,73868,186],{"class":73},[52,73870,10111],{"class":77},[52,73872,177],{"class":73},[52,73874,193],{"class":66},[52,73876,186],{"class":73},[52,73878,5157],{"class":77},[52,73880,177],{"class":73},[52,73882,193],{"class":66},[52,73884,186],{"class":73},[52,73886,26],{"class":77},[52,73888,177],{"class":73},[52,73890,4030],{"class":66},[37,73892,2553],{"id":2552},[14,73894,2556],{},[42,73896,73898],{"className":44,"code":73897,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.reverse()\n",[49,73899,73900],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73903,8734],{"class":58},[52,73905,35],{"class":66},[52,73907,73736],{"class":155},[52,73909,650],{"class":66},[14,73911,13407],{},[227,73913,73914,73917,73920],{},[230,73915,73916],{},"No arguments are needed",[230,73918,73919],{},"You call it on an existing list",[230,73921,73922],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73924,511],{},[42,73926,73928],{"className":44,"code":73927,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[49,73929,73930,73962,73972],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73931,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73933,13431],{"class":58},[52,73935,63],{"class":62},[52,73937,4017],{"class":66},[52,73939,81],{"class":73},[52,73941,13448],{"class":77},[52,73943,81],{"class":73},[52,73945,193],{"class":66},[52,73947,87],{"class":73},[52,73949,17591],{"class":77},[52,73951,81],{"class":73},[52,73953,193],{"class":66},[52,73955,87],{"class":73},[52,73957,13465],{"class":77},[52,73959,81],{"class":73},[52,73961,4030],{"class":66},[52,73963,73964,73966,73968,73970],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,73965,17638],{"class":58},[52,73967,35],{"class":66},[52,73969,73736],{"class":155},[52,73971,650],{"class":66},[52,73973,73974,73976,73978,73980],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,73975,149],{"class":148},[52,73977,152],{"class":66},[52,73979,17638],{"class":155},[52,73981,159],{"class":66},[14,73983,164],{},[42,73985,73987],{"className":44,"code":73986,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[49,73988,73989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,73990,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73992,1709],{"class":66},[52,73994,177],{"class":73},[52,73996,13465],{"class":77},[52,73998,177],{"class":73},[52,74000,193],{"class":66},[52,74002,186],{"class":73},[52,74004,17591],{"class":77},[52,74006,177],{"class":73},[52,74008,193],{"class":66},[52,74010,186],{"class":73},[52,74012,13448],{"class":77},[52,74014,177],{"class":73},[52,74016,4030],{"class":66},[37,74018,11837],{"id":11836},[14,74020,74021],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[42,74023,74025],{"className":44,"code":74024,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,74026,74027,74051,74061],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74028,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74030,4012],{"class":58},[52,74032,63],{"class":62},[52,74034,4017],{"class":66},[52,74036,2728],{"class":110},[52,74038,193],{"class":66},[52,74040,111],{"class":110},[52,74042,193],{"class":66},[52,74044,1929],{"class":110},[52,74046,193],{"class":66},[52,74048,50998],{"class":110},[52,74050,4030],{"class":66},[52,74052,74053,74055,74057,74059],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74054,1578],{"class":58},[52,74056,35],{"class":66},[52,74058,73736],{"class":155},[52,74060,650],{"class":66},[52,74062,74063,74065,74067,74069],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74064,149],{"class":148},[52,74066,152],{"class":66},[52,74068,1578],{"class":155},[52,74070,159],{"class":66},[14,74072,164],{},[42,74074,74076],{"className":44,"code":74075,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[49,74077,74078],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74079,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74081,1709],{"class":66},[52,74083,56849],{"class":110},[52,74085,193],{"class":66},[52,74087,1929],{"class":110},[52,74089,193],{"class":66},[52,74091,111],{"class":110},[52,74093,193],{"class":66},[52,74095,6403],{"class":110},[52,74097,4030],{"class":66},[14,74099,12041],{},[227,74101,74102,74108,74113],{},[230,74103,74104,74105],{},"The list starts as ",[49,74106,74107],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[230,74109,74110,74112],{},[49,74111,73680],{}," flips the order",[230,74114,74115],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[37,74117,74119,74121],{"id":74118},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[49,74120,73680],{}," changes the original list",[14,74123,74124,74125,74128],{},"This method is ",[18,74126,74127],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[42,74130,74132],{"className":44,"code":74131,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[49,74133,74134,74166,74176,74180],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74135,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74137,36386],{"class":58},[52,74139,63],{"class":62},[52,74141,4017],{"class":66},[52,74143,81],{"class":73},[52,74145,4474],{"class":77},[52,74147,81],{"class":73},[52,74149,193],{"class":66},[52,74151,87],{"class":73},[52,74153,4483],{"class":77},[52,74155,81],{"class":73},[52,74157,193],{"class":66},[52,74159,87],{"class":73},[52,74161,4492],{"class":77},[52,74163,81],{"class":73},[52,74165,4030],{"class":66},[52,74167,74168,74170,74172,74174],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74169,36438],{"class":58},[52,74171,35],{"class":66},[52,74173,73736],{"class":155},[52,74175,650],{"class":66},[52,74177,74178],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74179,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,74181,74182,74184,74186,74188],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,74183,149],{"class":148},[52,74185,152],{"class":66},[52,74187,36438],{"class":155},[52,74189,159],{"class":66},[14,74191,164],{},[42,74193,74195],{"className":44,"code":74194,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[49,74196,74197],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74198,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74200,1709],{"class":66},[52,74202,177],{"class":73},[52,74204,4492],{"class":77},[52,74206,177],{"class":73},[52,74208,193],{"class":66},[52,74210,186],{"class":73},[52,74212,4483],{"class":77},[52,74214,177],{"class":73},[52,74216,193],{"class":66},[52,74218,186],{"class":73},[52,74220,4474],{"class":77},[52,74222,177],{"class":73},[52,74224,4030],{"class":66},[14,74226,340,74227,74229],{},[49,74228,73680],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74231,74232],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[42,74234,74236],{"className":44,"code":74235,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[49,74237,74238,74270,74288,74292,74302],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74239,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74241,36386],{"class":58},[52,74243,63],{"class":62},[52,74245,4017],{"class":66},[52,74247,81],{"class":73},[52,74249,4474],{"class":77},[52,74251,81],{"class":73},[52,74253,193],{"class":66},[52,74255,87],{"class":73},[52,74257,4483],{"class":77},[52,74259,81],{"class":73},[52,74261,193],{"class":66},[52,74263,87],{"class":73},[52,74265,4492],{"class":77},[52,74267,81],{"class":73},[52,74269,4030],{"class":66},[52,74271,74272,74275,74277,74279,74282,74284,74286],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74273,74274],{"class":58},"reversed_fruits ",[52,74276,63],{"class":62},[52,74278,53007],{"class":58},[52,74280,74281],{"class":66},"[::",[52,74283,2416],{"class":62},[52,74285,1565],{"class":110},[52,74287,4030],{"class":66},[52,74289,74290],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74291,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,74293,74294,74296,74298,74300],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,74295,149],{"class":148},[52,74297,152],{"class":66},[52,74299,36438],{"class":155},[52,74301,159],{"class":66},[52,74303,74304,74306,74308,74311],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,74305,149],{"class":148},[52,74307,152],{"class":66},[52,74309,74310],{"class":155},"reversed_fruits",[52,74312,159],{"class":66},[14,74314,164],{},[42,74316,74318],{"className":44,"code":74317,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[49,74319,74320,74348],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74321,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74323,1709],{"class":66},[52,74325,177],{"class":73},[52,74327,4474],{"class":77},[52,74329,177],{"class":73},[52,74331,193],{"class":66},[52,74333,186],{"class":73},[52,74335,4483],{"class":77},[52,74337,177],{"class":73},[52,74339,193],{"class":66},[52,74341,186],{"class":73},[52,74343,4492],{"class":77},[52,74345,177],{"class":73},[52,74347,4030],{"class":66},[52,74349,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74351,1709],{"class":66},[52,74353,177],{"class":73},[52,74355,4492],{"class":77},[52,74357,177],{"class":73},[52,74359,193],{"class":66},[52,74361,186],{"class":73},[52,74363,4483],{"class":77},[52,74365,177],{"class":73},[52,74367,193],{"class":66},[52,74369,186],{"class":73},[52,74371,4474],{"class":77},[52,74373,177],{"class":73},[52,74375,4030],{"class":66},[14,74377,74378,74379,35],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[26,74380,74381],{"href":73698},"Python list slicing explained",[37,74383,74385],{"id":74384},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74387,74388],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[42,74390,74392],{"className":44,"code":74391,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,74393,74394,74414,74428,74432,74443],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74395,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74397,4012],{"class":58},[52,74399,63],{"class":62},[52,74401,4017],{"class":66},[52,74403,1565],{"class":110},[52,74405,193],{"class":66},[52,74407,1570],{"class":110},[52,74409,193],{"class":66},[52,74411,2850],{"class":110},[52,74413,4030],{"class":66},[52,74415,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74417,56046],{"class":58},[52,74419,63],{"class":62},[52,74421,4659],{"class":58},[52,74423,35],{"class":66},[52,74425,73736],{"class":155},[52,74427,650],{"class":66},[52,74429,74430],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74431,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,74433,74434,74436,74438,74441],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,74435,149],{"class":148},[52,74437,152],{"class":66},[52,74439,74440],{"class":155},"new_list",[52,74442,159],{"class":66},[52,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,74446,149],{"class":148},[52,74448,152],{"class":66},[52,74450,1578],{"class":155},[52,74452,159],{"class":66},[14,74454,164],{},[42,74456,74458],{"className":44,"code":74457,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[49,74459,74460,74464],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74461,74462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74463,12165],{"class":128},[52,74465,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476,74478],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74467,1709],{"class":66},[52,74469,2457],{"class":110},[52,74471,193],{"class":66},[52,74473,1570],{"class":110},[52,74475,193],{"class":66},[52,74477,5895],{"class":110},[52,74479,4030],{"class":66},[14,74481,12257],{},[227,74483,74484,74492,74496],{},[230,74485,74486,74488,74489,74491],{},[49,74487,73680],{}," changes ",[49,74490,1578],{}," directly",[230,74493,41056,74494,71998],{},[18,74495,1006],{},[230,74497,53809,74498,42306,74500],{},[49,74499,74440],{},[49,74501,4175],{},[14,74503,62056],{},[42,74505,74507],{"className":44,"code":74506,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,74508,74509,74529,74539,74543],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74510,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74512,4012],{"class":58},[52,74514,63],{"class":62},[52,74516,4017],{"class":66},[52,74518,1565],{"class":110},[52,74520,193],{"class":66},[52,74522,1570],{"class":110},[52,74524,193],{"class":66},[52,74526,2850],{"class":110},[52,74528,4030],{"class":66},[52,74530,74531,74533,74535,74537],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74532,1578],{"class":58},[52,74534,35],{"class":66},[52,74536,73736],{"class":155},[52,74538,650],{"class":66},[52,74540,74541],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74542,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,74544,74545,74547,74549,74551],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,74546,149],{"class":148},[52,74548,152],{"class":66},[52,74550,1578],{"class":155},[52,74552,159],{"class":66},[14,74554,164],{},[42,74556,74558],{"className":44,"code":74557,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[49,74559,74560],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74561,74562,74564,74566,74568,74570,74572,74574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74563,1709],{"class":66},[52,74565,2457],{"class":110},[52,74567,193],{"class":66},[52,74569,1570],{"class":110},[52,74571,193],{"class":66},[52,74573,5895],{"class":110},[52,74575,4030],{"class":66},[37,74577,74579,10954,74581,74584],{"id":74578},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[49,74580,73680],{},[49,74582,74583],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74586,74587],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[487,74589,74590],{"id":73736},[49,74591,73680],{},[14,74593,74594,74596],{},[49,74595,73680],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[42,74598,74600],{"className":44,"code":74599,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,74601,74602,74622,74632],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74603,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74605,4012],{"class":58},[52,74607,63],{"class":62},[52,74609,4017],{"class":66},[52,74611,2457],{"class":110},[52,74613,193],{"class":66},[52,74615,5895],{"class":110},[52,74617,193],{"class":66},[52,74619,1570],{"class":110},[52,74621,4030],{"class":66},[52,74623,74624,74626,74628,74630],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74625,1578],{"class":58},[52,74627,35],{"class":66},[52,74629,73736],{"class":155},[52,74631,650],{"class":66},[52,74633,74634,74636,74638,74640],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74635,149],{"class":148},[52,74637,152],{"class":66},[52,74639,1578],{"class":155},[52,74641,159],{"class":66},[14,74643,164],{},[42,74645,74647],{"className":44,"code":74646,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[49,74648,74649],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74650,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74652,1709],{"class":66},[52,74654,2451],{"class":110},[52,74656,193],{"class":66},[52,74658,5895],{"class":110},[52,74660,193],{"class":66},[52,74662,2850],{"class":110},[52,74664,4030],{"class":66},[14,74666,74667,74668,74670],{},"Notice that this is ",[18,74669,1006],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[487,74672,74674],{"id":74673},"sorted",[49,74675,74583],{},[14,74677,74678,74683],{},[26,74679,74681],{"href":74680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[49,74682,74583],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[42,74685,74687],{"className":44,"code":74686,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[49,74688,74689,74709,74724,74728,74738],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74690,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74692,4012],{"class":58},[52,74694,63],{"class":62},[52,74696,4017],{"class":66},[52,74698,2457],{"class":110},[52,74700,193],{"class":66},[52,74702,5895],{"class":110},[52,74704,193],{"class":66},[52,74706,1570],{"class":110},[52,74708,4030],{"class":66},[52,74710,74711,74713,74715,74718,74720,74722],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74712,2626],{"class":58},[52,74714,63],{"class":62},[52,74716,74717],{"class":148}," sorted",[52,74719,152],{"class":66},[52,74721,1578],{"class":155},[52,74723,159],{"class":66},[52,74725,74726],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74727,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,74729,74730,74732,74734,74736],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,74731,149],{"class":148},[52,74733,152],{"class":66},[52,74735,1578],{"class":155},[52,74737,159],{"class":66},[52,74739,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,74741,149],{"class":148},[52,74743,152],{"class":66},[52,74745,2661],{"class":155},[52,74747,159],{"class":66},[14,74749,164],{},[42,74751,74753],{"className":44,"code":74752,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[49,74754,74755,74771],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74756,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765,74767,74769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74758,1709],{"class":66},[52,74760,2457],{"class":110},[52,74762,193],{"class":66},[52,74764,5895],{"class":110},[52,74766,193],{"class":66},[52,74768,1570],{"class":110},[52,74770,4030],{"class":66},[52,74772,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781,74783,74785],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74774,1709],{"class":66},[52,74776,1565],{"class":110},[52,74778,193],{"class":66},[52,74780,1570],{"class":110},[52,74782,193],{"class":66},[52,74784,2850],{"class":110},[52,74786,4030],{"class":66},[14,74788,74789,74790,35],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[49,74791,74792],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[487,74794,74796],{"id":74795},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74798,74799,74800,74803],{},"Slicing with ",[49,74801,74802],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[42,74805,74807],{"className":44,"code":74806,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[49,74808,74809,74829,74845,74849,74859],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74810,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74812,4012],{"class":58},[52,74814,63],{"class":62},[52,74816,4017],{"class":66},[52,74818,2457],{"class":110},[52,74820,193],{"class":66},[52,74822,5895],{"class":110},[52,74824,193],{"class":66},[52,74826,1570],{"class":110},[52,74828,4030],{"class":66},[52,74830,74831,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74832,2626],{"class":58},[52,74834,63],{"class":62},[52,74836,4659],{"class":58},[52,74838,74281],{"class":66},[52,74840,2416],{"class":62},[52,74842,1565],{"class":110},[52,74844,4030],{"class":66},[52,74846,74847],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,74848,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,74850,74851,74853,74855,74857],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,74852,149],{"class":148},[52,74854,152],{"class":66},[52,74856,1578],{"class":155},[52,74858,159],{"class":66},[52,74860,74861,74863,74865,74867],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,74862,149],{"class":148},[52,74864,152],{"class":66},[52,74866,2661],{"class":155},[52,74868,159],{"class":66},[14,74870,164],{},[42,74872,74874],{"className":44,"code":74873,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[49,74875,74876,74892],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,74877,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886,74888,74890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74879,1709],{"class":66},[52,74881,2457],{"class":110},[52,74883,193],{"class":66},[52,74885,5895],{"class":110},[52,74887,193],{"class":66},[52,74889,1570],{"class":110},[52,74891,4030],{"class":66},[52,74893,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,74895,1709],{"class":66},[52,74897,2451],{"class":110},[52,74899,193],{"class":66},[52,74901,5895],{"class":110},[52,74903,193],{"class":66},[52,74905,2850],{"class":110},[52,74907,4030],{"class":66},[487,74909,74911],{"id":74910},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[227,74913,74914,74919,74924],{},[230,74915,340,74916,74918],{},[49,74917,73680],{}," when you want to change the original list",[230,74920,340,74921,74923],{},[49,74922,74802],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[230,74925,340,74926,74928],{},[49,74927,74583],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74930,74931,74932,74938],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[26,74933,74935,74936,2292],{"href":74934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[49,74937,64470],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[37,74940,5358,74942],{"id":74941},"when-to-use-reverse",[49,74943,73680],{},[14,74945,74946,74948],{},[49,74947,73680],{}," is a good choice:",[227,74950,74951,74954,74957],{},[230,74952,74953],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[230,74955,74956],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[230,74958,74959],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74961,74962,74963,35],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[26,74964,74966],{"href":74965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[37,74968,1743],{"id":1742},[14,74970,74971,74972,74974],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[49,74973,73680],{}," for these reasons:",[227,74976,74977,74981,74986,74991],{},[230,74978,12951,74979,12954],{},[49,74980,73680],{},[230,74982,8849,74983,74985],{},[49,74984,73680],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[230,74987,8813,74988,74990],{},[49,74989,73680],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[230,74992,37352,74993,9101,74995],{},[49,74994,73680],{},[49,74996,74997],{},"reversed()",[14,74999,75000],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[42,75002,75004],{"className":44,"code":75003,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[49,75005,75006,75018],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75007,75008,75010,75012,75014,75016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75009,34832],{"class":58},[52,75011,63],{"class":62},[52,75013,87],{"class":73},[52,75015,4241],{"class":77},[52,75017,297],{"class":73},[52,75019,75020,75022,75024,75026],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75021,34853],{"class":58},[52,75023,35],{"class":66},[52,75025,73736],{"class":155},[52,75027,650],{"class":66},[14,75029,75030,75031,33744],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[49,75032,73680],{},[14,75034,75035],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[42,75037,75039],{"className":44,"code":75038,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[49,75040,75041,75061,75065,75075,75089,75093,75107,75117,75121],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75042,75043,75045,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75044,8703],{"class":58},[52,75046,63],{"class":62},[52,75048,4017],{"class":66},[52,75050,1565],{"class":110},[52,75052,193],{"class":66},[52,75054,1570],{"class":110},[52,75056,193],{"class":66},[52,75058,2850],{"class":110},[52,75060,4030],{"class":66},[52,75062,75063],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75064,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,75068,149],{"class":148},[52,75070,152],{"class":66},[52,75072,8734],{"class":155},[52,75074,159],{"class":66},[52,75076,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,75078,149],{"class":148},[52,75080,152],{"class":66},[52,75082,734],{"class":646},[52,75084,152],{"class":66},[52,75086,8734],{"class":155},[52,75088,742],{"class":66},[52,75090,75091],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,75092,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75094,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75096,2626],{"class":58},[52,75098,63],{"class":62},[52,75100,8791],{"class":58},[52,75102,35],{"class":66},[52,75104,73736],{"class":155},[52,75106,650],{"class":66},[52,75108,75109,75111,75113,75115],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,75110,149],{"class":148},[52,75112,152],{"class":66},[52,75114,2661],{"class":155},[52,75116,159],{"class":66},[52,75118,75119],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,75120,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75122,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,75124,149],{"class":148},[52,75126,152],{"class":66},[52,75128,8734],{"class":155},[52,75130,74281],{"class":66},[52,75132,2416],{"class":62},[52,75134,1565],{"class":110},[52,75136,1718],{"class":66},[14,75138,164],{},[42,75140,75142],{"className":44,"code":75141,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[49,75143,75144,75160,75174,75178],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75145,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75147,1709],{"class":66},[52,75149,1565],{"class":110},[52,75151,193],{"class":66},[52,75153,1570],{"class":110},[52,75155,193],{"class":66},[52,75157,2850],{"class":110},[52,75159,4030],{"class":66},[52,75161,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75163,771],{"class":62},[52,75165,775],{"class":774},[52,75167,186],{"class":73},[52,75169,8488],{"class":77},[52,75171,177],{"class":73},[52,75173,785],{"class":62},[52,75175,75176],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,75177,12165],{"class":128},[52,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,75181,1709],{"class":66},[52,75183,1565],{"class":110},[52,75185,193],{"class":66},[52,75187,1570],{"class":110},[52,75189,193],{"class":66},[52,75191,5895],{"class":110},[52,75193,4030],{"class":66},[14,75195,75196],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[42,75198,75200],{"className":44,"code":75199,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[49,75201,75202,75222,75226,75236,75250,75254,75268,75278,75288],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75205,8703],{"class":58},[52,75207,63],{"class":62},[52,75209,4017],{"class":66},[52,75211,1565],{"class":110},[52,75213,193],{"class":66},[52,75215,1570],{"class":110},[52,75217,193],{"class":66},[52,75219,2850],{"class":110},[52,75221,4030],{"class":66},[52,75223,75224],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75225,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75227,75228,75230,75232,75234],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,75229,149],{"class":148},[52,75231,152],{"class":66},[52,75233,8734],{"class":155},[52,75235,159],{"class":66},[52,75237,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,75239,149],{"class":148},[52,75241,152],{"class":66},[52,75243,734],{"class":646},[52,75245,152],{"class":66},[52,75247,8734],{"class":155},[52,75249,742],{"class":66},[52,75251,75252],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,75253,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75255,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264,75266],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75257,2626],{"class":58},[52,75259,63],{"class":62},[52,75261,8791],{"class":58},[52,75263,35],{"class":66},[52,75265,73736],{"class":155},[52,75267,650],{"class":66},[52,75269,75270,75272,75274,75276],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,75271,149],{"class":148},[52,75273,152],{"class":66},[52,75275,2661],{"class":155},[52,75277,159],{"class":66},[52,75279,75280,75282,75284,75286],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,75281,149],{"class":148},[52,75283,152],{"class":66},[52,75285,8734],{"class":155},[52,75287,159],{"class":66},[52,75289,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,75291,149],{"class":148},[52,75293,152],{"class":66},[52,75295,8734],{"class":155},[52,75297,74281],{"class":66},[52,75299,2416],{"class":62},[52,75301,1565],{"class":110},[52,75303,1718],{"class":66},[14,75305,164],{},[42,75307,75309],{"className":44,"code":75308,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[49,75310,75311,75327,75341,75345,75361],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75312,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323,75325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75314,1709],{"class":66},[52,75316,1565],{"class":110},[52,75318,193],{"class":66},[52,75320,1570],{"class":110},[52,75322,193],{"class":66},[52,75324,2850],{"class":110},[52,75326,4030],{"class":66},[52,75328,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75330,771],{"class":62},[52,75332,775],{"class":774},[52,75334,186],{"class":73},[52,75336,8488],{"class":77},[52,75338,177],{"class":73},[52,75340,785],{"class":62},[52,75342,75343],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,75344,12165],{"class":128},[52,75346,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,75348,1709],{"class":66},[52,75350,2457],{"class":110},[52,75352,193],{"class":66},[52,75354,1570],{"class":110},[52,75356,193],{"class":66},[52,75358,5895],{"class":110},[52,75360,4030],{"class":66},[52,75362,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,75364,1709],{"class":66},[52,75366,1565],{"class":110},[52,75368,193],{"class":66},[52,75370,1570],{"class":110},[52,75372,193],{"class":66},[52,75374,2850],{"class":110},[52,75376,4030],{"class":66},[14,75378,75379],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[227,75381,75382,75391,75400],{},[230,75383,27936,75384,75387,75388],{},[49,75385,75386],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[49,75389,75390],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[230,75392,12273,75393,75396,75397,22698],{},[49,75394,75395],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[18,75398,75399],{},"current",[230,75401,75402,75403],{},"So it prints ",[49,75404,75405],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[37,75407,2220],{"id":2219},[487,75409,13061,75411,55625],{"id":75410},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[49,75412,73685],{},[14,75414,62761,75415,35],{},[49,75416,4175],{},[487,75418,34349,75420,34352,75422,2265],{"id":75419},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[49,75421,73680],{},[49,75423,75424],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75426,75427,75429],{},[49,75428,73680],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75431,75432,75434],{},[49,75433,75424],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[487,75436,28469,75438,75440],{"id":75437},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[49,75439,73680],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75442,46518,75443,75445],{},[49,75444,73680],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[487,75447,75449],{"id":75448},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75451,75452],{},"Use slicing:",[42,75454,75456],{"className":44,"code":75455,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list[::-1]\n",[49,75457,75458],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75459,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75461,8734],{"class":58},[52,75463,74281],{"class":66},[52,75465,2416],{"class":62},[52,75467,1565],{"class":110},[52,75469,4030],{"class":66},[14,75471,75472],{},"Or use:",[42,75474,75476],{"className":44,"code":75475,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[49,75477,75478],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75479,75480,75482,75484,75487,75489,75491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75481,8488],{"class":646},[52,75483,152],{"class":66},[52,75485,75486],{"class":148},"reversed",[52,75488,152],{"class":66},[52,75490,8734],{"class":155},[52,75492,742],{"class":66},[14,75494,75495,75496,75500],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[26,75497,55676,75498],{"href":55116},[49,75499,13134],{}," can also help.",[37,75502,2277],{"id":2276},[227,75504,75505,75511,75517,75521,75525],{},[230,75506,75507],{},[26,75508,55676,75509,2292],{"href":74934},[49,75510,64470],{},[230,75512,75513],{},[26,75514,3969,75515,3902],{"href":74680},[49,75516,74583],{},[230,75518,75519],{},[26,75520,74966],{"href":74965},[230,75522,75523],{},[26,75524,74381],{"href":73698},[230,75526,75527],{},[26,75528,55676,75529,2292],{"href":55116},[49,75530,13134],{},[2315,75532,75533],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":75535},[75536,75537,75539,75540,75541,75543,75544,75551,75553,75554,75563],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":73759,"depth":70,"text":75538},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":74118,"depth":70,"text":75542},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74384,"depth":70,"text":74385},{"id":74578,"depth":70,"text":75545,"children":75546},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75547,75548,75549,75550],{"id":73736,"depth":98,"text":73680},{"id":74673,"depth":98,"text":74583},{"id":74795,"depth":98,"text":74796},{"id":74910,"depth":98,"text":74911},{"id":74941,"depth":70,"text":75552},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":75555},[75556,75558,75560,75562],{"id":75410,"depth":98,"text":75557},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75419,"depth":98,"text":75559},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75437,"depth":98,"text":75561},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75448,"depth":98,"text":75449},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73672,"description":75564},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75571,"title":75572,"body":75573,"description":78006,"extension":2357,"meta":78007,"navigation":141,"path":78008,"seo":78009,"stem":78010,"__hash__":78011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75574,"toc":77974},[75575,75578,75590,75593,75616,75624,75626,75738,75747,75751,75754,75757,75844,75846,75879,75881,75904,75910,75914,75917,75939,75941,75958,75961,75981,75983,76093,76095,76172,76176,76179,76222,76224,76357,76359,76461,76466,76470,76473,76475,76489,76492,76606,76608,76682,76684,76712,76716,76721,76751,76754,76880,76882,76964,76970,76974,76976,77015,77024,77028,77031,77035,77082,77084,77092,77096,77147,77149,77162,77164,77178,77181,77189,77191,77238,77240,77248,77251,77294,77299,77302,77305,77328,77332,77383,77386,77407,77417,77421,77423,77453,77456,77479,77483,77486,77553,77555,77592,77595,77603,77670,77672,77709,77715,77722,77726,77729,77759,77764,77768,77771,77795,77798,77892,77902,77904,77908,77911,77915,77918,77923,77926,77932,77935,77937,77965,77971],[10,75576,75572],{"id":75577},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75579,75580,75581,2203,75583,2210,75586,75589],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[49,75582,36219],{},[49,75584,75585],{},"stop",[49,75587,75588],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75591,75592],{},"The basic slice form is:",[42,75594,75596],{"className":44,"code":75595,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[49,75597,75598],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75599,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75601,8734],{"class":58},[52,75603,1709],{"class":66},[52,75605,36219],{"class":58},[52,75607,84],{"class":66},[52,75609,75585],{"class":58},[52,75611,84],{"class":66},[52,75613,75588],{"class":58},[52,75615,4030],{"class":66},[14,75617,75618,75619,75621,75622,35],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[49,75620,75585],{}," position is ",[18,75623,65228],{},[37,75625,40],{"id":39},[42,75627,75629],{"className":44,"code":75628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[49,75630,75631,75659,75663,75684,75702,75719],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75632,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75634,4012],{"class":58},[52,75636,63],{"class":62},[52,75638,4017],{"class":66},[52,75640,2728],{"class":110},[52,75642,193],{"class":66},[52,75644,111],{"class":110},[52,75646,193],{"class":66},[52,75648,1929],{"class":110},[52,75650,193],{"class":66},[52,75652,50998],{"class":110},[52,75654,193],{"class":66},[52,75656,5477],{"class":110},[52,75658,4030],{"class":66},[52,75660,75661],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75662,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75664,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,75666,149],{"class":148},[52,75668,152],{"class":66},[52,75670,1578],{"class":155},[52,75672,1709],{"class":66},[52,75674,1565],{"class":110},[52,75676,84],{"class":66},[52,75678,2903],{"class":110},[52,75680,20583],{"class":66},[52,75682,75683],{"class":1017},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[52,75685,75686,75688,75690,75692,75695,75697,75699],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,75687,149],{"class":148},[52,75689,152],{"class":66},[52,75691,1578],{"class":155},[52,75693,75694],{"class":66},"[:",[52,75696,2457],{"class":110},[52,75698,20583],{"class":66},[52,75700,75701],{"class":1017},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[52,75703,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,75705,149],{"class":148},[52,75707,152],{"class":66},[52,75709,1578],{"class":155},[52,75711,74281],{"class":66},[52,75713,2451],{"class":110},[52,75715,20583],{"class":66},[52,75717,75718],{"class":1017},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[52,75720,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,75722,149],{"class":148},[52,75724,152],{"class":66},[52,75726,1578],{"class":155},[52,75728,74281],{"class":66},[52,75730,2416],{"class":62},[52,75732,1565],{"class":110},[52,75734,20583],{"class":66},[52,75736,75737],{"class":1017},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75739,340,75740,75743,75744,75746],{},[49,75741,75742],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[49,75745,75585],{}," value is not included.",[37,75748,75750],{"id":75749},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75752,75753],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75755,75756],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[42,75758,75760],{"className":44,"code":75759,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[49,75761,75762,75810,75814,75833],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75763,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75765,36237],{"class":58},[52,75767,63],{"class":62},[52,75769,4017],{"class":66},[52,75771,81],{"class":73},[52,75773,26],{"class":77},[52,75775,81],{"class":73},[52,75777,193],{"class":66},[52,75779,87],{"class":73},[52,75781,5157],{"class":77},[52,75783,81],{"class":73},[52,75785,193],{"class":66},[52,75787,87],{"class":73},[52,75789,10111],{"class":77},[52,75791,81],{"class":73},[52,75793,193],{"class":66},[52,75795,87],{"class":73},[52,75797,18904],{"class":77},[52,75799,81],{"class":73},[52,75801,193],{"class":66},[52,75803,87],{"class":73},[52,75805,60605],{"class":77},[52,75807,81],{"class":73},[52,75809,4030],{"class":66},[52,75811,75812],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,75813,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,75815,75816,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,75817,75818],{"class":58},"part ",[52,75820,63],{"class":62},[52,75822,70255],{"class":58},[52,75824,1709],{"class":66},[52,75826,1565],{"class":110},[52,75828,84],{"class":66},[52,75830,2903],{"class":110},[52,75832,4030],{"class":66},[52,75834,75835,75837,75839,75842],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,75836,149],{"class":148},[52,75838,152],{"class":66},[52,75840,75841],{"class":155},"part",[52,75843,159],{"class":66},[14,75845,164],{},[42,75847,75849],{"className":44,"code":75848,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[49,75850,75851],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75852,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75854,1709],{"class":66},[52,75856,177],{"class":73},[52,75858,5157],{"class":77},[52,75860,177],{"class":73},[52,75862,193],{"class":66},[52,75864,186],{"class":73},[52,75866,10111],{"class":77},[52,75868,177],{"class":73},[52,75870,193],{"class":66},[52,75872,186],{"class":73},[52,75874,18904],{"class":77},[52,75876,177],{"class":73},[52,75878,4030],{"class":66},[14,75880,13407],{},[227,75882,75883,75886,75889,75895,75901],{},[230,75884,75885],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[230,75887,75888],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[230,75890,75891,75892],{},"Basic form: ",[49,75893,75894],{},"list[start:stop]",[230,75896,75897,75898,75900],{},"The item at ",[49,75899,75585],{}," is not included",[230,75902,75903],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75905,75906,75907,35],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[26,75908,75909],{"href":51134},"beginner guide to Python lists",[37,75911,75913],{"id":75912},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75915,75916],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[42,75918,75919],{"className":44,"code":75595,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,75920,75921],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75922,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75924,8734],{"class":58},[52,75926,1709],{"class":66},[52,75928,36219],{"class":58},[52,75930,84],{"class":66},[52,75932,75585],{"class":58},[52,75934,84],{"class":66},[52,75936,75588],{"class":58},[52,75938,4030],{"class":66},[14,75940,65204],{},[227,75942,75943,75948,75953],{},[230,75944,75945,75947],{},[49,75946,36219],{}," is where slicing begins",[230,75949,75950,75952],{},[49,75951,75585],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[230,75954,75955,75957],{},[49,75956,75588],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75959,75960],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[227,75962,75963,75969,75974],{},[230,75964,75965,75966,75968],{},"Missing ",[49,75967,36219],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[230,75970,75965,75971,75973],{},[49,75972,75585],{}," means go to the end of the list",[230,75975,75965,75976,75978,75979],{},[49,75977,75588],{}," means use ",[49,75980,1565],{},[14,75982,511],{},[42,75984,75986],{"className":44,"code":75985,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[49,75987,75988,76016,76020,76041,76058,76076],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,75989,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75991,4012],{"class":58},[52,75993,63],{"class":62},[52,75995,4017],{"class":66},[52,75997,2728],{"class":110},[52,75999,193],{"class":66},[52,76001,111],{"class":110},[52,76003,193],{"class":66},[52,76005,1929],{"class":110},[52,76007,193],{"class":66},[52,76009,50998],{"class":110},[52,76011,193],{"class":66},[52,76013,5477],{"class":110},[52,76015,4030],{"class":66},[52,76017,76018],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76019,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,76021,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76023,149],{"class":148},[52,76025,152],{"class":66},[52,76027,1578],{"class":155},[52,76029,1709],{"class":66},[52,76031,1565],{"class":110},[52,76033,84],{"class":66},[52,76035,2903],{"class":110},[52,76037,20583],{"class":66},[52,76039,76040],{"class":1017},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[52,76042,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76044,149],{"class":148},[52,76046,152],{"class":66},[52,76048,1578],{"class":155},[52,76050,75694],{"class":66},[52,76052,2457],{"class":110},[52,76054,20583],{"class":66},[52,76056,76057],{"class":1017},"    # start from the beginning\n",[52,76059,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76073],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,76061,149],{"class":148},[52,76063,152],{"class":66},[52,76065,1578],{"class":155},[52,76067,1709],{"class":66},[52,76069,2451],{"class":110},[52,76071,76072],{"class":66},":])",[52,76074,76075],{"class":1017},"    # go to the end\n",[52,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76079,149],{"class":148},[52,76081,152],{"class":66},[52,76083,1578],{"class":155},[52,76085,74281],{"class":66},[52,76087,1565],{"class":110},[52,76089,20583],{"class":66},[52,76091,76092],{"class":1017},"   # step of 1\n",[14,76094,164],{},[42,76096,76098],{"className":44,"code":76097,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[49,76099,76100,76116,76132,76148],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76101,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76103,1709],{"class":66},[52,76105,852],{"class":110},[52,76107,193],{"class":66},[52,76109,1929],{"class":110},[52,76111,193],{"class":66},[52,76113,50998],{"class":110},[52,76115,4030],{"class":66},[52,76117,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76119,1709],{"class":66},[52,76121,2728],{"class":110},[52,76123,193],{"class":66},[52,76125,111],{"class":110},[52,76127,193],{"class":66},[52,76129,1929],{"class":110},[52,76131,4030],{"class":66},[52,76133,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76135,1709],{"class":66},[52,76137,36989],{"class":110},[52,76139,193],{"class":66},[52,76141,50998],{"class":110},[52,76143,193],{"class":66},[52,76145,5477],{"class":110},[52,76147,4030],{"class":66},[52,76149,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76151,1709],{"class":66},[52,76153,2728],{"class":110},[52,76155,193],{"class":66},[52,76157,111],{"class":110},[52,76159,193],{"class":66},[52,76161,1929],{"class":110},[52,76163,193],{"class":66},[52,76165,50998],{"class":110},[52,76167,193],{"class":66},[52,76169,5477],{"class":110},[52,76171,4030],{"class":66},[37,76173,76175],{"id":76174},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76177,76178],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[227,76180,76181,76190,76199,76210,76216],{},[230,76182,76183,76186,76187,6364],{},[49,76184,76185],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[49,76188,76189],{},"n",[230,76191,76192,76195,76196,76198],{},[49,76193,76194],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[49,76197,76189],{}," to the end",[230,76200,76201,76204,76205,76207,76208],{},[49,76202,76203],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[49,76206,26],{}," up to ",[49,76209,5157],{},[230,76211,76212,76215],{},[49,76213,76214],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[230,76217,76218,76221],{},[49,76219,76220],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76223,511],{},[42,76225,76227],{"className":44,"code":76226,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[49,76228,76229,76262,76266,76283,76300,76321,76338],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76230,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76232,4012],{"class":58},[52,76234,63],{"class":62},[52,76236,4017],{"class":66},[52,76238,2728],{"class":110},[52,76240,193],{"class":66},[52,76242,111],{"class":110},[52,76244,193],{"class":66},[52,76246,1929],{"class":110},[52,76248,193],{"class":66},[52,76250,50998],{"class":110},[52,76252,193],{"class":66},[52,76254,5477],{"class":110},[52,76256,193],{"class":66},[52,76258,76259],{"class":110}," 60",[52,76261,4030],{"class":66},[52,76263,76264],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76265,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76269,149],{"class":148},[52,76271,152],{"class":66},[52,76273,1578],{"class":155},[52,76275,75694],{"class":66},[52,76277,2457],{"class":110},[52,76279,20583],{"class":66},[52,76281,76282],{"class":1017},"    # first 3 items\n",[52,76284,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76286,149],{"class":148},[52,76288,152],{"class":66},[52,76290,1578],{"class":155},[52,76292,1709],{"class":66},[52,76294,2457],{"class":110},[52,76296,76072],{"class":66},[52,76298,76299],{"class":1017},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[52,76301,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,76303,149],{"class":148},[52,76305,152],{"class":66},[52,76307,1578],{"class":155},[52,76309,1709],{"class":66},[52,76311,1565],{"class":110},[52,76313,84],{"class":66},[52,76315,2531],{"class":110},[52,76317,20583],{"class":66},[52,76319,76320],{"class":1017},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[52,76322,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76324,149],{"class":148},[52,76326,152],{"class":66},[52,76328,1578],{"class":155},[52,76330,74281],{"class":66},[52,76332,2451],{"class":110},[52,76334,20583],{"class":66},[52,76336,76337],{"class":1017},"   # every second item\n",[52,76339,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,76341,149],{"class":148},[52,76343,152],{"class":66},[52,76345,1578],{"class":155},[52,76347,74281],{"class":66},[52,76349,2416],{"class":62},[52,76351,1565],{"class":110},[52,76353,20583],{"class":66},[52,76355,76356],{"class":1017},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76358,164],{},[42,76360,76362],{"className":44,"code":76361,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[49,76363,76364,76380,76396,76416,76432],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76365,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76367,1709],{"class":66},[52,76369,2728],{"class":110},[52,76371,193],{"class":66},[52,76373,111],{"class":110},[52,76375,193],{"class":66},[52,76377,1929],{"class":110},[52,76379,4030],{"class":66},[52,76381,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76383,1709],{"class":66},[52,76385,56849],{"class":110},[52,76387,193],{"class":66},[52,76389,5477],{"class":110},[52,76391,193],{"class":66},[52,76393,76259],{"class":110},[52,76395,4030],{"class":66},[52,76397,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76399,1709],{"class":66},[52,76401,852],{"class":110},[52,76403,193],{"class":66},[52,76405,1929],{"class":110},[52,76407,193],{"class":66},[52,76409,50998],{"class":110},[52,76411,193],{"class":66},[52,76413,5477],{"class":110},[52,76415,4030],{"class":66},[52,76417,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76419,1709],{"class":66},[52,76421,2728],{"class":110},[52,76423,193],{"class":66},[52,76425,1929],{"class":110},[52,76427,193],{"class":66},[52,76429,5477],{"class":110},[52,76431,4030],{"class":66},[52,76433,76434,76436,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,76435,1709],{"class":66},[52,76437,76438],{"class":110},"60",[52,76440,193],{"class":66},[52,76442,5477],{"class":110},[52,76444,193],{"class":66},[52,76446,50998],{"class":110},[52,76448,193],{"class":66},[52,76450,1929],{"class":110},[52,76452,193],{"class":66},[52,76454,111],{"class":110},[52,76456,193],{"class":66},[52,76458,6403],{"class":110},[52,76460,4030],{"class":66},[14,76462,76463,76464,35],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[26,76465,15242],{"href":57376},[37,76467,76469],{"id":76468},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76471,76472],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76474,5869],{},[227,76476,76477,76483],{},[230,76478,76479,76482],{},[49,76480,76481],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[230,76484,76485,76488],{},[49,76486,76487],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76490,76491],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[42,76493,76495],{"className":44,"code":76494,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[49,76496,76497,76545,76549,76568,76587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76498,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76500,36237],{"class":58},[52,76502,63],{"class":62},[52,76504,4017],{"class":66},[52,76506,81],{"class":73},[52,76508,26],{"class":77},[52,76510,81],{"class":73},[52,76512,193],{"class":66},[52,76514,87],{"class":73},[52,76516,5157],{"class":77},[52,76518,81],{"class":73},[52,76520,193],{"class":66},[52,76522,87],{"class":73},[52,76524,10111],{"class":77},[52,76526,81],{"class":73},[52,76528,193],{"class":66},[52,76530,87],{"class":73},[52,76532,18904],{"class":77},[52,76534,81],{"class":73},[52,76536,193],{"class":66},[52,76538,87],{"class":73},[52,76540,60605],{"class":77},[52,76542,81],{"class":73},[52,76544,4030],{"class":66},[52,76546,76547],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76548,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,76550,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76552,149],{"class":148},[52,76554,152],{"class":66},[52,76556,36290],{"class":155},[52,76558,1709],{"class":66},[52,76560,2416],{"class":62},[52,76562,1565],{"class":110},[52,76564,20583],{"class":66},[52,76566,76567],{"class":1017},"    # last item\n",[52,76569,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76571,149],{"class":148},[52,76573,152],{"class":66},[52,76575,36290],{"class":155},[52,76577,1709],{"class":66},[52,76579,2416],{"class":62},[52,76581,2457],{"class":110},[52,76583,76072],{"class":66},[52,76585,76586],{"class":1017},"   # last 3 items\n",[52,76588,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,76590,149],{"class":148},[52,76592,152],{"class":66},[52,76594,36290],{"class":155},[52,76596,75694],{"class":66},[52,76598,2416],{"class":62},[52,76600,1565],{"class":110},[52,76602,20583],{"class":66},[52,76604,76605],{"class":1017},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76607,164],{},[42,76609,76611],{"className":44,"code":76610,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[49,76612,76613,76618,76646],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76614,76615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76616,76617],{"class":58},"e\n",[52,76619,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76621,1709],{"class":66},[52,76623,177],{"class":73},[52,76625,10111],{"class":77},[52,76627,177],{"class":73},[52,76629,193],{"class":66},[52,76631,186],{"class":73},[52,76633,18904],{"class":77},[52,76635,177],{"class":73},[52,76637,193],{"class":66},[52,76639,186],{"class":73},[52,76641,60605],{"class":77},[52,76643,177],{"class":73},[52,76645,4030],{"class":66},[52,76647,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76649,1709],{"class":66},[52,76651,177],{"class":73},[52,76653,26],{"class":77},[52,76655,177],{"class":73},[52,76657,193],{"class":66},[52,76659,186],{"class":73},[52,76661,5157],{"class":77},[52,76663,177],{"class":73},[52,76665,193],{"class":66},[52,76667,186],{"class":73},[52,76669,10111],{"class":77},[52,76671,177],{"class":73},[52,76673,193],{"class":66},[52,76675,186],{"class":73},[52,76677,18904],{"class":77},[52,76679,177],{"class":73},[52,76681,4030],{"class":66},[14,76683,13407],{},[227,76685,76686,76689,76693,76699,76705],{},[230,76687,76688],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[230,76690,76691,76482],{},[49,76692,76481],{},[230,76694,76695,76698],{},[49,76696,76697],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[230,76700,76701,76704],{},[49,76702,76703],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[230,76706,76707,76708,2262,76710],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[49,76709,36219],{},[49,76711,75585],{},[37,76713,76715],{"id":76714},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76717,2374,76718,76720],{},[49,76719,75588],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[227,76722,76723,76726,76729,76734,76744],{},[230,76724,76725],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[230,76727,76728],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[230,76730,76731,76733],{},[49,76732,76220],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[230,76735,9271,76736,76738,76739,76741,76742],{},[49,76737,75588],{}," is negative, ",[49,76740,36219],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[49,76743,75585],{},[230,76745,76746,76748,76749],{},[49,76747,75588],{}," cannot be ",[49,76750,2514],{},[14,76752,76753],{},"Example with different step values:",[42,76755,76757],{"className":44,"code":76756,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[49,76758,76759,76791,76795,76812,76834,76853],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76760,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76762,4012],{"class":58},[52,76764,63],{"class":62},[52,76766,4017],{"class":66},[52,76768,2728],{"class":110},[52,76770,193],{"class":66},[52,76772,111],{"class":110},[52,76774,193],{"class":66},[52,76776,1929],{"class":110},[52,76778,193],{"class":66},[52,76780,50998],{"class":110},[52,76782,193],{"class":66},[52,76784,5477],{"class":110},[52,76786,193],{"class":66},[52,76788,76259],{"class":110},[52,76790,4030],{"class":66},[52,76792,76793],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76794,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,76796,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76798,149],{"class":148},[52,76800,152],{"class":66},[52,76802,1578],{"class":155},[52,76804,74281],{"class":66},[52,76806,2451],{"class":110},[52,76808,20583],{"class":66},[52,76810,76811],{"class":1017},"     # every second item\n",[52,76813,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76827,76829,76831],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76815,149],{"class":148},[52,76817,152],{"class":66},[52,76819,1578],{"class":155},[52,76821,1709],{"class":66},[52,76823,1565],{"class":110},[52,76825,76826],{"class":66},"::",[52,76828,2451],{"class":110},[52,76830,20583],{"class":66},[52,76832,76833],{"class":1017},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[52,76835,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,76837,149],{"class":148},[52,76839,152],{"class":66},[52,76841,1578],{"class":155},[52,76843,74281],{"class":66},[52,76845,2416],{"class":62},[52,76847,1565],{"class":110},[52,76849,20583],{"class":66},[52,76851,76852],{"class":1017},"    # reverse the list\n",[52,76854,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,76856,149],{"class":148},[52,76858,152],{"class":66},[52,76860,1578],{"class":155},[52,76862,1709],{"class":66},[52,76864,2903],{"class":110},[52,76866,84],{"class":66},[52,76868,1565],{"class":110},[52,76870,84],{"class":66},[52,76872,2416],{"class":62},[52,76874,1565],{"class":110},[52,76876,20583],{"class":66},[52,76878,76879],{"class":1017},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76881,164],{},[42,76883,76885],{"className":44,"code":76884,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[49,76886,76887,76903,76919,76947],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76888,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76890,1709],{"class":66},[52,76892,2728],{"class":110},[52,76894,193],{"class":66},[52,76896,1929],{"class":110},[52,76898,193],{"class":66},[52,76900,5477],{"class":110},[52,76902,4030],{"class":66},[52,76904,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,76906,1709],{"class":66},[52,76908,852],{"class":110},[52,76910,193],{"class":66},[52,76912,50998],{"class":110},[52,76914,193],{"class":66},[52,76916,76259],{"class":110},[52,76918,4030],{"class":66},[52,76920,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,76922,1709],{"class":66},[52,76924,76438],{"class":110},[52,76926,193],{"class":66},[52,76928,5477],{"class":110},[52,76930,193],{"class":66},[52,76932,50998],{"class":110},[52,76934,193],{"class":66},[52,76936,1929],{"class":110},[52,76938,193],{"class":66},[52,76940,111],{"class":110},[52,76942,193],{"class":66},[52,76944,6403],{"class":110},[52,76946,4030],{"class":66},[52,76948,76949,76951,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,76950,1709],{"class":66},[52,76952,76953],{"class":110},"50",[52,76955,193],{"class":66},[52,76957,50998],{"class":110},[52,76959,193],{"class":66},[52,76961,1929],{"class":110},[52,76963,4030],{"class":66},[14,76965,76966,76967,35],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[26,76968,76969],{"href":74965},"how to reverse a list in Python",[487,76971,76973],{"id":76972},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76975,3235],{},[42,76977,76979],{"className":44,"code":76978,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[49,76980,76981,77001],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,76982,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76984,4012],{"class":58},[52,76986,63],{"class":62},[52,76988,4017],{"class":66},[52,76990,1565],{"class":110},[52,76992,193],{"class":66},[52,76994,1570],{"class":110},[52,76996,193],{"class":66},[52,76998,2850],{"class":110},[52,77000,4030],{"class":66},[52,77002,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77004,149],{"class":148},[52,77006,152],{"class":66},[52,77008,1578],{"class":155},[52,77010,74281],{"class":66},[52,77012,2514],{"class":110},[52,77014,1718],{"class":66},[14,77016,77017,77018,77020,77021,77023],{},"Python raises a ",[49,77019,40854],{}," because a slice step of ",[49,77022,2514],{}," does not make sense.",[37,77025,77027],{"id":77026},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,77029,77030],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[487,77032,77034],{"id":77033},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[42,77036,77038],{"className":44,"code":77037,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[49,77039,77040,77064,77068],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77041,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77043,4012],{"class":58},[52,77045,63],{"class":62},[52,77047,4017],{"class":66},[52,77049,2728],{"class":110},[52,77051,193],{"class":66},[52,77053,111],{"class":110},[52,77055,193],{"class":66},[52,77057,1929],{"class":110},[52,77059,193],{"class":66},[52,77061,50998],{"class":110},[52,77063,4030],{"class":66},[52,77065,77066],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77067,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77071,149],{"class":148},[52,77073,152],{"class":66},[52,77075,1578],{"class":155},[52,77077,1709],{"class":66},[52,77079,2451],{"class":110},[52,77081,1718],{"class":66},[14,77083,164],{},[42,77085,77086],{"className":44,"code":69999,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,77087,77088],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77089,77090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77091,69999],{"class":110},[487,77093,77095],{"id":77094},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[42,77097,77099],{"className":44,"code":77098,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[49,77100,77101,77125,77129],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77102,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77104,4012],{"class":58},[52,77106,63],{"class":62},[52,77108,4017],{"class":66},[52,77110,2728],{"class":110},[52,77112,193],{"class":66},[52,77114,111],{"class":110},[52,77116,193],{"class":66},[52,77118,1929],{"class":110},[52,77120,193],{"class":66},[52,77122,50998],{"class":110},[52,77124,4030],{"class":66},[52,77126,77127],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77128,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,77130,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77132,149],{"class":148},[52,77134,152],{"class":66},[52,77136,1578],{"class":155},[52,77138,1709],{"class":66},[52,77140,2451],{"class":110},[52,77142,84],{"class":66},[52,77144,2457],{"class":110},[52,77146,1718],{"class":66},[14,77148,164],{},[42,77150,77152],{"className":44,"code":77151,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[30]\n",[49,77153,77154],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77155,77156,77158,77160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77157,1709],{"class":66},[52,77159,36989],{"class":110},[52,77161,4030],{"class":66},[14,77163,14118],{},[227,77165,77166,77172],{},[230,77167,77168,77171],{},[49,77169,77170],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[230,77173,77174,77177],{},[49,77175,77176],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77179,77180],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[227,77182,77183,77186],{},[230,77184,77185],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[230,77187,77188],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77190,511],{},[42,77192,77194],{"className":44,"code":77193,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[49,77195,77196,77216,77220],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77197,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77199,4012],{"class":58},[52,77201,63],{"class":62},[52,77203,4017],{"class":66},[52,77205,2728],{"class":110},[52,77207,193],{"class":66},[52,77209,111],{"class":110},[52,77211,193],{"class":66},[52,77213,1929],{"class":110},[52,77215,4030],{"class":66},[52,77217,77218],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77219,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,77221,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77223,149],{"class":148},[52,77225,152],{"class":66},[52,77227,1578],{"class":155},[52,77229,1709],{"class":66},[52,77231,2531],{"class":110},[52,77233,84],{"class":66},[52,77235,2728],{"class":110},[52,77237,1718],{"class":66},[14,77239,164],{},[42,77241,77242],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,77243,77244],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77245,77246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77247,38446],{"class":66},[14,77249,77250],{},"But this would raise an error:",[42,77252,77254],{"className":44,"code":77253,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[49,77255,77256,77276,77280],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77257,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77259,4012],{"class":58},[52,77261,63],{"class":62},[52,77263,4017],{"class":66},[52,77265,2728],{"class":110},[52,77267,193],{"class":66},[52,77269,111],{"class":110},[52,77271,193],{"class":66},[52,77273,1929],{"class":110},[52,77275,4030],{"class":66},[52,77277,77278],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77279,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,77281,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77283,149],{"class":148},[52,77285,152],{"class":66},[52,77287,1578],{"class":155},[52,77289,1709],{"class":66},[52,77291,2531],{"class":110},[52,77293,1718],{"class":66},[14,77295,77296,77297,35],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[26,77298,69418],{"href":69417},[37,77300,241],{"id":77301},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77303,77304],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[227,77306,77307,77311,77313,77316,77322],{},[230,77308,5100,77309,75900],{},[49,77310,75585],{},[230,77312,60850],{},[230,77314,77315],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[230,77317,37352,77318,9101,77320],{},[49,77319,76220],{},[49,77321,73685],{},[230,77323,77324,77325,77327],{},"Using step ",[49,77326,2514],{},", which causes an error",[487,77329,77331],{"id":77330},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[42,77333,77335],{"className":44,"code":77334,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[49,77336,77337,77365],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359,77361,77363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77340,4012],{"class":58},[52,77342,63],{"class":62},[52,77344,4017],{"class":66},[52,77346,2728],{"class":110},[52,77348,193],{"class":66},[52,77350,111],{"class":110},[52,77352,193],{"class":66},[52,77354,1929],{"class":110},[52,77356,193],{"class":66},[52,77358,50998],{"class":110},[52,77360,193],{"class":66},[52,77362,5477],{"class":110},[52,77364,4030],{"class":66},[52,77366,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377,77379,77381],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77368,149],{"class":148},[52,77370,152],{"class":66},[52,77372,1578],{"class":155},[52,77374,1709],{"class":66},[52,77376,1565],{"class":110},[52,77378,84],{"class":66},[52,77380,2903],{"class":110},[52,77382,1718],{"class":66},[14,77384,77385],{},"This returns:",[42,77387,77389],{"className":44,"code":77388,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[49,77390,77391],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77392,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77394,1709],{"class":66},[52,77396,852],{"class":110},[52,77398,193],{"class":66},[52,77400,1929],{"class":110},[52,77402,193],{"class":66},[52,77404,50998],{"class":110},[52,77406,4030],{"class":66},[14,77408,41056,77409,77411,77412,77414,77415,35],{},[18,77410,1006],{}," include ",[49,77413,76953],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[49,77416,2903],{},[487,77418,77420],{"id":77419},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77422,1773],{},[42,77424,77426],{"className":44,"code":77425,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[49,77427,77428,77448],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77429,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77431,4012],{"class":58},[52,77433,63],{"class":62},[52,77435,4017],{"class":66},[52,77437,2728],{"class":110},[52,77439,193],{"class":66},[52,77441,111],{"class":110},[52,77443,193],{"class":66},[52,77445,1929],{"class":110},[52,77447,4030],{"class":66},[52,77449,77450],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77451,77452],{"class":1017},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77454,77455],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[42,77457,77459],{"className":44,"code":77458,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[49,77460,77461],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77462,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77464,149],{"class":148},[52,77466,152],{"class":66},[52,77468,1578],{"class":155},[52,77470,1709],{"class":66},[52,77472,1565],{"class":110},[52,77474,84],{"class":66},[52,77476,2457],{"class":110},[52,77478,1718],{"class":66},[487,77480,77482],{"id":77481},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77484,77485],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[42,77487,77489],{"className":44,"code":77488,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,77490,77491,77515,77529,77533,77543],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77492,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77494,4012],{"class":58},[52,77496,63],{"class":62},[52,77498,4017],{"class":66},[52,77500,2728],{"class":110},[52,77502,193],{"class":66},[52,77504,111],{"class":110},[52,77506,193],{"class":66},[52,77508,1929],{"class":110},[52,77510,193],{"class":66},[52,77512,50998],{"class":110},[52,77514,4030],{"class":66},[52,77516,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77518,75818],{"class":58},[52,77520,63],{"class":62},[52,77522,4659],{"class":58},[52,77524,75694],{"class":66},[52,77526,2451],{"class":110},[52,77528,4030],{"class":66},[52,77530,77531],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77532,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,77534,77535,77537,77539,77541],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,77536,149],{"class":148},[52,77538,152],{"class":66},[52,77540,75841],{"class":155},[52,77542,159],{"class":66},[52,77544,77545,77547,77549,77551],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,77546,149],{"class":148},[52,77548,152],{"class":66},[52,77550,1578],{"class":155},[52,77552,159],{"class":66},[14,77554,164],{},[42,77556,77558],{"className":44,"code":77557,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[49,77559,77560,77572],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77561,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77563,1709],{"class":66},[52,77565,2728],{"class":110},[52,77567,193],{"class":66},[52,77569,111],{"class":110},[52,77571,4030],{"class":66},[52,77573,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77575,1709],{"class":66},[52,77577,2728],{"class":110},[52,77579,193],{"class":66},[52,77581,111],{"class":110},[52,77583,193],{"class":66},[52,77585,1929],{"class":110},[52,77587,193],{"class":66},[52,77589,50998],{"class":110},[52,77591,4030],{"class":66},[14,77593,77594],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[487,77596,77598,77599,9101,77601],{"id":77597},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[49,77600,76220],{},[49,77602,73685],{},[42,77604,77606],{"className":44,"code":77605,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,77607,77608,77628,77632,77649,77660],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77609,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77611,4012],{"class":58},[52,77613,63],{"class":62},[52,77615,4017],{"class":66},[52,77617,2728],{"class":110},[52,77619,193],{"class":66},[52,77621,111],{"class":110},[52,77623,193],{"class":66},[52,77625,1929],{"class":110},[52,77627,4030],{"class":66},[52,77629,77630],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77631,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,77633,77634,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77635,77636],{"class":58},"reversed_copy ",[52,77638,63],{"class":62},[52,77640,4659],{"class":58},[52,77642,74281],{"class":66},[52,77644,2416],{"class":62},[52,77646,1565],{"class":110},[52,77648,4030],{"class":66},[52,77650,77651,77653,77655,77658],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,77652,149],{"class":148},[52,77654,152],{"class":66},[52,77656,77657],{"class":155},"reversed_copy",[52,77659,159],{"class":66},[52,77661,77662,77664,77666,77668],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,77663,149],{"class":148},[52,77665,152],{"class":66},[52,77667,1578],{"class":155},[52,77669,159],{"class":66},[14,77671,164],{},[42,77673,77675],{"className":44,"code":77674,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[49,77676,77677,77693],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77678,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77680,1709],{"class":66},[52,77682,36989],{"class":110},[52,77684,193],{"class":66},[52,77686,111],{"class":110},[52,77688,193],{"class":66},[52,77690,6403],{"class":110},[52,77692,4030],{"class":66},[52,77694,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77696,1709],{"class":66},[52,77698,2728],{"class":110},[52,77700,193],{"class":66},[52,77702,111],{"class":110},[52,77704,193],{"class":66},[52,77706,1929],{"class":110},[52,77708,4030],{"class":66},[14,77710,77711,77714],{},[49,77712,77713],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77716,77717,77718,77721],{},"By contrast, ",[49,77719,77720],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[487,77723,77725],{"id":77724},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77727,77728],{},"This is not allowed:",[42,77730,77732],{"className":44,"code":77731,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[49,77733,77734,77754],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77735,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77737,4012],{"class":58},[52,77739,63],{"class":62},[52,77741,4017],{"class":66},[52,77743,2728],{"class":110},[52,77745,193],{"class":66},[52,77747,111],{"class":110},[52,77749,193],{"class":66},[52,77751,1929],{"class":110},[52,77753,4030],{"class":66},[52,77755,77756],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77757,77758],{"class":1017},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77760,77761,77762,35],{},"Python will raise a ",[49,77763,40854],{},[37,77765,77767],{"id":77766},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77769,77770],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[227,77772,77773,77780,77786,77789,77792],{},[230,77774,37352,77775,2262,77777,77779],{},[49,77776,36219],{},[49,77778,75585],{}," positions",[230,77781,77782,77783,77785],{},"Assuming the ",[49,77784,75585],{}," index is included",[230,77787,77788],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[230,77790,77791],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[230,77793,77794],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77796,77797],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[42,77799,77801],{"className":44,"code":77800,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[49,77802,77803,77813,77827,77845,77859,77876],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,77804,77805,77807,77809,77811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77806,149],{"class":148},[52,77808,152],{"class":66},[52,77810,8734],{"class":155},[52,77812,159],{"class":66},[52,77814,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,77816,149],{"class":148},[52,77818,152],{"class":66},[52,77820,2082],{"class":148},[52,77822,152],{"class":66},[52,77824,8734],{"class":155},[52,77826,742],{"class":66},[52,77828,77829,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,77830,149],{"class":148},[52,77832,152],{"class":66},[52,77834,8734],{"class":155},[52,77836,1709],{"class":66},[52,77838,1565],{"class":110},[52,77840,84],{"class":66},[52,77842,2903],{"class":110},[52,77844,1718],{"class":66},[52,77846,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,77848,149],{"class":148},[52,77850,152],{"class":66},[52,77852,8734],{"class":155},[52,77854,75694],{"class":66},[52,77856,2457],{"class":110},[52,77858,1718],{"class":66},[52,77860,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,77862,149],{"class":148},[52,77864,152],{"class":66},[52,77866,8734],{"class":155},[52,77868,1709],{"class":66},[52,77870,2416],{"class":62},[52,77872,2457],{"class":110},[52,77874,77875],{"class":66},":])\n",[52,77877,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,77879,149],{"class":148},[52,77881,152],{"class":66},[52,77883,8734],{"class":155},[52,77885,74281],{"class":66},[52,77887,2416],{"class":62},[52,77889,1565],{"class":110},[52,77891,1718],{"class":66},[14,77893,8813,77894,77896,77897,77901],{},[49,77895,42512],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[26,77898,77900],{"href":77899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[37,77903,2220],{"id":2219},[487,77905,77907],{"id":77906},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77909,77910],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[487,77912,77914],{"id":77913},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77916,77917],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[487,77919,5539,77921,40110],{"id":77920},"what-does-list-1-do",[49,77922,76220],{},[14,77924,77925],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[487,77927,77929,77930,2265],{"id":77928},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[49,77931,70890],{},[14,77933,77934],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[37,77936,2277],{"id":2276},[227,77938,77939,77944,77949,77953,77957,77961],{},[230,77940,77941],{},[26,77942,77943],{"href":51134},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[230,77945,77946],{},[26,77947,77948],{"href":57310},"How to create a list in Python",[230,77950,77951],{},[26,77952,15319],{"href":57376},[230,77954,77955],{},[26,77956,74966],{"href":74965},[230,77958,77959],{},[26,77960,77900],{"href":77899},[230,77962,77963],{},[26,77964,69418],{"href":69417},[14,77966,77967,77968,77970],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[49,77969,42512],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2315,77972,77973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":77975},[77976,77977,77978,77979,77980,77981,77984,77988,77996,77997,78005],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":75749,"depth":70,"text":75750},{"id":75912,"depth":70,"text":75913},{"id":76174,"depth":70,"text":76175},{"id":76468,"depth":70,"text":76469},{"id":76714,"depth":70,"text":76715,"children":77982},[77983],{"id":76972,"depth":98,"text":76973},{"id":77026,"depth":70,"text":77027,"children":77985},[77986,77987],{"id":77033,"depth":98,"text":77034},{"id":77094,"depth":98,"text":77095},{"id":77301,"depth":70,"text":241,"children":77989},[77990,77991,77992,77993,77995],{"id":77330,"depth":98,"text":77331},{"id":77419,"depth":98,"text":77420},{"id":77481,"depth":98,"text":77482},{"id":77597,"depth":98,"text":77994},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77724,"depth":98,"text":77725},{"id":77766,"depth":70,"text":77767},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":77998},[77999,78000,78001,78003],{"id":77906,"depth":98,"text":77907},{"id":77913,"depth":98,"text":77914},{"id":77920,"depth":98,"text":78002},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77928,"depth":98,"text":78004},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75572,"description":78006},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78013,"title":78014,"body":78015,"description":80084,"extension":2357,"meta":80085,"navigation":141,"path":80086,"seo":80087,"stem":80088,"__hash__":80089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78016,"toc":80050},[78017,78022,78028,78034,78036,78083,78090,78095,78099,78114,78117,78170,78172,78197,78202,78204,78236,78239,78255,78257,78318,78320,78345,78349,78354,78407,78409,78434,78439,78500,78502,78527,78530,78537,78541,78544,78605,78607,78640,78643,78704,78706,78739,78745,78818,78820,78852,78859,78864,78869,78871,78883,78886,78964,78966,79007,79010,79084,79086,79119,79124,79131,79138,79142,79151,79155,79163,79165,79232,79234,79270,79275,79286,79288,79293,79298,79300,79363,79365,79390,79397,79402,79406,79409,79449,79454,79460,79465,79467,79494,79499,79502,79549,79551,79608,79615,79620,79626,79695,79699,79702,79765,79767,79800,79805,79807,79810,79891,79893,79917,79923,79925,79930,79934,79941,79949,79953,79955,79978,79982,79984,80011,80014,80021,80024,80026,80047],[10,78018,54498,78020,11684],{"id":78019},"python-list-sort-method",[49,78021,64470],{},[14,78023,78024,78027],{},[49,78025,78026],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,78029,78030,78031,78033],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[49,78032,64470],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[37,78035,40],{"id":39},[42,78037,78039],{"className":44,"code":78038,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,78040,78041,78061,78071],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78042,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78044,4012],{"class":58},[52,78046,63],{"class":62},[52,78048,4017],{"class":66},[52,78050,2457],{"class":110},[52,78052,193],{"class":66},[52,78054,5895],{"class":110},[52,78056,193],{"class":66},[52,78058,1570],{"class":110},[52,78060,4030],{"class":66},[52,78062,78063,78065,78067,78069],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78064,1578],{"class":58},[52,78066,35],{"class":66},[52,78068,34944],{"class":155},[52,78070,650],{"class":66},[52,78072,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78074,149],{"class":148},[52,78076,152],{"class":66},[52,78078,1578],{"class":155},[52,78080,4056],{"class":66},[52,78082,55088],{"class":1017},[14,78084,340,78085,78087,78088,35],{},[49,78086,78026],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[49,78089,4175],{},[37,78091,4073,78093,4076],{"id":78092},"what-listsort-does",[49,78094,78026],{},[14,78096,78097,84],{},[49,78098,78026],{},[227,78100,78101,78104,78107,78111],{},[230,78102,78103],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[230,78105,78106],{},"Changes the original list",[230,78108,11786,78109],{},[49,78110,4175],{},[230,78112,78113],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78115,78116],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[42,78118,78120],{"className":44,"code":78119,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,78121,78122,78146,78156,78160],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78123,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78125,4012],{"class":58},[52,78127,63],{"class":62},[52,78129,4017],{"class":66},[52,78131,2531],{"class":110},[52,78133,193],{"class":66},[52,78135,1570],{"class":110},[52,78137,193],{"class":66},[52,78139,54292],{"class":110},[52,78141,193],{"class":66},[52,78143,5895],{"class":110},[52,78145,4030],{"class":66},[52,78147,78148,78150,78152,78154],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78149,1578],{"class":58},[52,78151,35],{"class":66},[52,78153,34944],{"class":155},[52,78155,650],{"class":66},[52,78157,78158],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78159,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78161,78162,78164,78166,78168],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78163,149],{"class":148},[52,78165,152],{"class":66},[52,78167,1578],{"class":155},[52,78169,159],{"class":66},[14,78171,164],{},[42,78173,78175],{"className":44,"code":78174,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[49,78176,78177],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78178,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78180,1709],{"class":66},[52,78182,1565],{"class":110},[52,78184,193],{"class":66},[52,78186,1570],{"class":110},[52,78188,193],{"class":66},[52,78190,5002],{"class":110},[52,78192,193],{"class":66},[52,78194,54292],{"class":110},[52,78196,4030],{"class":66},[14,78198,78199,78200,35],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[26,78201,67236],{"href":51134},[37,78203,2553],{"id":2552},[42,78205,78207],{"className":44,"code":78206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[49,78208,78209],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78210,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78230,78232,78234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78212,8734],{"class":58},[52,78214,35],{"class":66},[52,78216,34944],{"class":155},[52,78218,152],{"class":66},[52,78220,257],{"class":834},[52,78222,63],{"class":62},[52,78224,4175],{"class":128},[52,78226,193],{"class":66},[52,78228,78229],{"class":834}," reverse",[52,78231,63],{"class":62},[52,78233,4069],{"class":128},[52,78235,159],{"class":66},[14,78237,78238],{},"Main arguments:",[227,78240,78241,78246,78252],{},[230,78242,78243,78245],{},[49,78244,257],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[230,78247,78248,78251],{},[49,78249,78250],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[230,78253,78254],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78256,511],{},[42,78258,78260],{"className":44,"code":78259,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,78261,78262,78286,78304,78308],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78263,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78265,4012],{"class":58},[52,78267,63],{"class":62},[52,78269,4017],{"class":66},[52,78271,2903],{"class":110},[52,78273,193],{"class":66},[52,78275,5895],{"class":110},[52,78277,193],{"class":66},[52,78279,6392],{"class":110},[52,78281,193],{"class":66},[52,78283,1570],{"class":110},[52,78285,4030],{"class":66},[52,78287,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78289,1578],{"class":58},[52,78291,35],{"class":66},[52,78293,34944],{"class":155},[52,78295,152],{"class":66},[52,78297,73736],{"class":834},[52,78299,63],{"class":62},[52,78301,862],{"class":128},[52,78303,159],{"class":66},[52,78305,78306],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78307,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78309,78310,78312,78314,78316],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78311,149],{"class":148},[52,78313,152],{"class":66},[52,78315,1578],{"class":155},[52,78317,159],{"class":66},[14,78319,164],{},[42,78321,78323],{"className":44,"code":78322,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[49,78324,78325],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78326,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78328,1709],{"class":66},[52,78330,2419],{"class":110},[52,78332,193],{"class":66},[52,78334,2856],{"class":110},[52,78336,193],{"class":66},[52,78338,1570],{"class":110},[52,78340,193],{"class":66},[52,78342,5895],{"class":110},[52,78344,4030],{"class":66},[37,78346,78348],{"id":78347},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78350,340,78351,78353],{},[49,78352,64470],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[42,78355,78357],{"className":44,"code":78356,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,78358,78359,78383,78393,78397],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78360,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78362,4012],{"class":58},[52,78364,63],{"class":62},[52,78366,4017],{"class":66},[52,78368,2728],{"class":110},[52,78370,193],{"class":66},[52,78372,2850],{"class":110},[52,78374,193],{"class":66},[52,78376,6758],{"class":110},[52,78378,193],{"class":66},[52,78380,5895],{"class":110},[52,78382,4030],{"class":66},[52,78384,78385,78387,78389,78391],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78386,1578],{"class":58},[52,78388,35],{"class":66},[52,78390,34944],{"class":155},[52,78392,650],{"class":66},[52,78394,78395],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78396,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78398,78399,78401,78403,78405],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78400,149],{"class":148},[52,78402,152],{"class":66},[52,78404,1578],{"class":155},[52,78406,159],{"class":66},[14,78408,164],{},[42,78410,78412],{"className":44,"code":78411,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[49,78413,78414],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78415,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78417,1709],{"class":66},[52,78419,1565],{"class":110},[52,78421,193],{"class":66},[52,78423,2850],{"class":110},[52,78425,193],{"class":66},[52,78427,6758],{"class":110},[52,78429,193],{"class":66},[52,78431,6403],{"class":110},[52,78433,4030],{"class":66},[14,78435,340,78436,78438],{},[49,78437,78250],{}," for descending order:",[42,78440,78442],{"className":44,"code":78441,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,78443,78444,78468,78486,78490],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78445,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78447,4012],{"class":58},[52,78449,63],{"class":62},[52,78451,4017],{"class":66},[52,78453,2728],{"class":110},[52,78455,193],{"class":66},[52,78457,2850],{"class":110},[52,78459,193],{"class":66},[52,78461,6758],{"class":110},[52,78463,193],{"class":66},[52,78465,5895],{"class":110},[52,78467,4030],{"class":66},[52,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78471,1578],{"class":58},[52,78473,35],{"class":66},[52,78475,34944],{"class":155},[52,78477,152],{"class":66},[52,78479,73736],{"class":834},[52,78481,63],{"class":62},[52,78483,862],{"class":128},[52,78485,159],{"class":66},[52,78487,78488],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78489,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78491,78492,78494,78496,78498],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78493,149],{"class":148},[52,78495,152],{"class":66},[52,78497,1578],{"class":155},[52,78499,159],{"class":66},[14,78501,164],{},[42,78503,78505],{"className":44,"code":78504,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[49,78506,78507],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78508,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78510,1709],{"class":66},[52,78512,2728],{"class":110},[52,78514,193],{"class":66},[52,78516,6758],{"class":110},[52,78518,193],{"class":66},[52,78520,2850],{"class":110},[52,78522,193],{"class":66},[52,78524,5895],{"class":110},[52,78526,4030],{"class":66},[14,78528,78529],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78531,78532,78533,35],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[26,78534,78536],{"href":78535},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[37,78538,78540],{"id":78539},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78542,78543],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[42,78545,78547],{"className":44,"code":78546,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,78548,78549,78581,78591,78595],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78550,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78552,4465],{"class":58},[52,78554,63],{"class":62},[52,78556,4017],{"class":66},[52,78558,81],{"class":73},[52,78560,4483],{"class":77},[52,78562,81],{"class":73},[52,78564,193],{"class":66},[52,78566,87],{"class":73},[52,78568,4474],{"class":77},[52,78570,81],{"class":73},[52,78572,193],{"class":66},[52,78574,87],{"class":73},[52,78576,4492],{"class":77},[52,78578,81],{"class":73},[52,78580,4030],{"class":66},[52,78582,78583,78585,78587,78589],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78584,4509],{"class":58},[52,78586,35],{"class":66},[52,78588,34944],{"class":155},[52,78590,650],{"class":66},[52,78592,78593],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78594,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78596,78597,78599,78601,78603],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78598,149],{"class":148},[52,78600,152],{"class":66},[52,78602,4509],{"class":155},[52,78604,159],{"class":66},[14,78606,164],{},[42,78608,78610],{"className":44,"code":78609,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[49,78611,78612],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78613,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78615,1709],{"class":66},[52,78617,177],{"class":73},[52,78619,4474],{"class":77},[52,78621,177],{"class":73},[52,78623,193],{"class":66},[52,78625,186],{"class":73},[52,78627,4483],{"class":77},[52,78629,177],{"class":73},[52,78631,193],{"class":66},[52,78633,186],{"class":73},[52,78635,4492],{"class":77},[52,78637,177],{"class":73},[52,78639,4030],{"class":66},[14,78641,78642],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[42,78644,78646],{"className":44,"code":78645,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,78647,78648,78680,78690,78694],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78649,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78651,4465],{"class":58},[52,78653,63],{"class":62},[52,78655,4017],{"class":66},[52,78657,81],{"class":73},[52,78659,4483],{"class":77},[52,78661,81],{"class":73},[52,78663,193],{"class":66},[52,78665,87],{"class":73},[52,78667,57925],{"class":77},[52,78669,81],{"class":73},[52,78671,193],{"class":66},[52,78673,87],{"class":73},[52,78675,4492],{"class":77},[52,78677,81],{"class":73},[52,78679,4030],{"class":66},[52,78681,78682,78684,78686,78688],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78683,4509],{"class":58},[52,78685,35],{"class":66},[52,78687,34944],{"class":155},[52,78689,650],{"class":66},[52,78691,78692],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78693,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78695,78696,78698,78700,78702],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78697,149],{"class":148},[52,78699,152],{"class":66},[52,78701,4509],{"class":155},[52,78703,159],{"class":66},[14,78705,164],{},[42,78707,78709],{"className":44,"code":78708,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[49,78710,78711],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78712,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78714,1709],{"class":66},[52,78716,177],{"class":73},[52,78718,57925],{"class":77},[52,78720,177],{"class":73},[52,78722,193],{"class":66},[52,78724,186],{"class":73},[52,78726,4483],{"class":77},[52,78728,177],{"class":73},[52,78730,193],{"class":66},[52,78732,186],{"class":73},[52,78734,4492],{"class":77},[52,78736,177],{"class":73},[52,78738,4030],{"class":66},[14,78740,78741,78742,84],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[49,78743,78744],{},"key=str.lower",[42,78746,78748],{"className":44,"code":78747,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,78749,78750,78782,78804,78808],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78751,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78753,4465],{"class":58},[52,78755,63],{"class":62},[52,78757,4017],{"class":66},[52,78759,81],{"class":73},[52,78761,4483],{"class":77},[52,78763,81],{"class":73},[52,78765,193],{"class":66},[52,78767,87],{"class":73},[52,78769,57925],{"class":77},[52,78771,81],{"class":73},[52,78773,193],{"class":66},[52,78775,87],{"class":73},[52,78777,4492],{"class":77},[52,78779,81],{"class":73},[52,78781,4030],{"class":66},[52,78783,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78785,4509],{"class":58},[52,78787,35],{"class":66},[52,78789,34944],{"class":155},[52,78791,152],{"class":66},[52,78793,257],{"class":834},[52,78795,63],{"class":62},[52,78797,3836],{"class":646},[52,78799,35],{"class":66},[52,78801,9037],{"class":24889},[52,78803,159],{"class":66},[52,78805,78806],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78807,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78809,78810,78812,78814,78816],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78811,149],{"class":148},[52,78813,152],{"class":66},[52,78815,4509],{"class":155},[52,78817,159],{"class":66},[14,78819,164],{},[42,78821,78822],{"className":44,"code":78708,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,78823,78824],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78825,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78827,1709],{"class":66},[52,78829,177],{"class":73},[52,78831,57925],{"class":77},[52,78833,177],{"class":73},[52,78835,193],{"class":66},[52,78837,186],{"class":73},[52,78839,4483],{"class":77},[52,78841,177],{"class":73},[52,78843,193],{"class":66},[52,78845,186],{"class":73},[52,78847,4492],{"class":77},[52,78849,177],{"class":73},[52,78851,4030],{"class":66},[14,78853,78854,78855,78858],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[49,78856,78857],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[37,78860,36760,78862,36763],{"id":78861},"using-the-key-argument",[49,78863,257],{},[14,78865,2374,78866,78868],{},[49,78867,257],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78870,7739],{},[227,78872,78873,78878],{},[230,78874,78875,78877],{},[49,78876,2082],{}," to sort by length",[230,78879,78880,78882],{},[49,78881,78857],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78884,78885],{},"Sort words by length:",[42,78887,78889],{"className":44,"code":78888,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,78890,78891,78932,78950,78954],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78892,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78894,4465],{"class":58},[52,78896,63],{"class":62},[52,78898,4017],{"class":66},[52,78900,81],{"class":73},[52,78902,78903],{"class":77},"pear",[52,78905,81],{"class":73},[52,78907,193],{"class":66},[52,78909,87],{"class":73},[52,78911,4483],{"class":77},[52,78913,81],{"class":73},[52,78915,193],{"class":66},[52,78917,87],{"class":73},[52,78919,38507],{"class":77},[52,78921,81],{"class":73},[52,78923,193],{"class":66},[52,78925,87],{"class":73},[52,78927,4474],{"class":77},[52,78929,81],{"class":73},[52,78931,4030],{"class":66},[52,78933,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,78935,4509],{"class":58},[52,78937,35],{"class":66},[52,78939,34944],{"class":155},[52,78941,152],{"class":66},[52,78943,257],{"class":834},[52,78945,63],{"class":62},[52,78947,2082],{"class":148},[52,78949,159],{"class":66},[52,78951,78952],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,78953,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,78955,78956,78958,78960,78962],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,78957,149],{"class":148},[52,78959,152],{"class":66},[52,78961,4509],{"class":155},[52,78963,159],{"class":66},[14,78965,164],{},[42,78967,78969],{"className":44,"code":78968,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[49,78970,78971],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,78972,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78974,1709],{"class":66},[52,78976,177],{"class":73},[52,78978,38507],{"class":77},[52,78980,177],{"class":73},[52,78982,193],{"class":66},[52,78984,186],{"class":73},[52,78986,78903],{"class":77},[52,78988,177],{"class":73},[52,78990,193],{"class":66},[52,78992,186],{"class":73},[52,78994,4474],{"class":77},[52,78996,177],{"class":73},[52,78998,193],{"class":66},[52,79000,186],{"class":73},[52,79002,4483],{"class":77},[52,79004,177],{"class":73},[52,79006,4030],{"class":66},[14,79008,79009],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[42,79011,79013],{"className":44,"code":79012,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,79014,79015,79048,79070,79074],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79044,79046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79018,4465],{"class":58},[52,79020,63],{"class":62},[52,79022,4017],{"class":66},[52,79024,81],{"class":73},[52,79026,5410],{"class":77},[52,79028,81],{"class":73},[52,79030,193],{"class":66},[52,79032,87],{"class":73},[52,79034,17939],{"class":77},[52,79036,81],{"class":73},[52,79038,193],{"class":66},[52,79040,87],{"class":73},[52,79042,79043],{"class":77},"Carol",[52,79045,81],{"class":73},[52,79047,4030],{"class":66},[52,79049,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79051,4509],{"class":58},[52,79053,35],{"class":66},[52,79055,34944],{"class":155},[52,79057,152],{"class":66},[52,79059,257],{"class":834},[52,79061,63],{"class":62},[52,79063,3836],{"class":646},[52,79065,35],{"class":66},[52,79067,9037],{"class":24889},[52,79069,159],{"class":66},[52,79071,79072],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79073,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79075,79076,79078,79080,79082],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79077,149],{"class":148},[52,79079,152],{"class":66},[52,79081,4509],{"class":155},[52,79083,159],{"class":66},[14,79085,164],{},[42,79087,79089],{"className":44,"code":79088,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[49,79090,79091],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79092,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79094,1709],{"class":66},[52,79096,177],{"class":73},[52,79098,17939],{"class":77},[52,79100,177],{"class":73},[52,79102,193],{"class":66},[52,79104,186],{"class":73},[52,79106,5410],{"class":77},[52,79108,177],{"class":73},[52,79110,193],{"class":66},[52,79112,186],{"class":73},[52,79114,79043],{"class":77},[52,79116,177],{"class":73},[52,79118,4030],{"class":66},[14,79120,2374,79121,79123],{},[49,79122,257],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[37,79125,79127,10954,79129],{"id":79126},"listsort-vs-sorted",[49,79128,78026],{},[49,79130,74583],{},[14,79132,79133,2262,79135,79137],{},[49,79134,78026],{},[49,79136,74583],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79139,79140,84],{},[49,79141,78026],{},[227,79143,79144,79147],{},[230,79145,79146],{},"Changes the existing list",[230,79148,11786,79149],{},[49,79150,4175],{},[14,79152,79153,84],{},[49,79154,74583],{},[227,79156,79157,79160],{},[230,79158,79159],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[230,79161,79162],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79164,511],{},[42,79166,79168],{"className":44,"code":79167,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[49,79169,79170,79190,79194,79208,79212,79222],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79171,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79173,4012],{"class":58},[52,79175,63],{"class":62},[52,79177,4017],{"class":66},[52,79179,2457],{"class":110},[52,79181,193],{"class":66},[52,79183,5895],{"class":110},[52,79185,193],{"class":66},[52,79187,1570],{"class":110},[52,79189,4030],{"class":66},[52,79191,79192],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79193,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79195,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79197,56046],{"class":58},[52,79199,63],{"class":62},[52,79201,74717],{"class":148},[52,79203,152],{"class":66},[52,79205,1578],{"class":155},[52,79207,159],{"class":66},[52,79209,79210],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79211,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,79215,149],{"class":148},[52,79217,152],{"class":66},[52,79219,1578],{"class":155},[52,79221,159],{"class":66},[52,79223,79224,79226,79228,79230],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,79225,149],{"class":148},[52,79227,152],{"class":66},[52,79229,74440],{"class":155},[52,79231,159],{"class":66},[14,79233,164],{},[42,79235,79236],{"className":44,"code":74752,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,79237,79238,79254],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79239,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79241,1709],{"class":66},[52,79243,2457],{"class":110},[52,79245,193],{"class":66},[52,79247,5895],{"class":110},[52,79249,193],{"class":66},[52,79251,1570],{"class":110},[52,79253,4030],{"class":66},[52,79255,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79257,1709],{"class":66},[52,79259,1565],{"class":110},[52,79261,193],{"class":66},[52,79263,1570],{"class":110},[52,79265,193],{"class":66},[52,79267,2850],{"class":110},[52,79269,4030],{"class":66},[14,79271,340,79272,79274],{},[49,79273,74583],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79276,79277,79278,2262,79282,35],{},"You can learn more in ",[26,79279,3969,79280,6181],{"href":74680},[49,79281,74583],{},[26,79283,79285],{"href":79284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[37,79287,1743],{"id":1742},[14,79289,79290,79291,35],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[49,79292,78026],{},[487,79294,12951,79296],{"id":79295},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[49,79297,64470],{},[14,79299,25830],{},[42,79301,79303],{"className":44,"code":79302,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,79304,79305,79325,79339,79343,79353],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79306,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79308,4012],{"class":58},[52,79310,63],{"class":62},[52,79312,4017],{"class":66},[52,79314,2457],{"class":110},[52,79316,193],{"class":66},[52,79318,5895],{"class":110},[52,79320,193],{"class":66},[52,79322,1570],{"class":110},[52,79324,4030],{"class":66},[52,79326,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79328,2626],{"class":58},[52,79330,63],{"class":62},[52,79332,4659],{"class":58},[52,79334,35],{"class":66},[52,79336,34944],{"class":155},[52,79338,650],{"class":66},[52,79340,79341],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79342,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79344,79345,79347,79349,79351],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79346,149],{"class":148},[52,79348,152],{"class":66},[52,79350,2661],{"class":155},[52,79352,159],{"class":66},[52,79354,79355,79357,79359,79361],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,79356,149],{"class":148},[52,79358,152],{"class":66},[52,79360,1578],{"class":155},[52,79362,159],{"class":66},[14,79364,164],{},[42,79366,79368],{"className":44,"code":79367,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[49,79369,79370,79374],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79371,79372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79373,12165],{"class":128},[52,79375,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79377,1709],{"class":66},[52,79379,1565],{"class":110},[52,79381,193],{"class":66},[52,79383,1570],{"class":110},[52,79385,193],{"class":66},[52,79387,2850],{"class":110},[52,79389,4030],{"class":66},[14,79391,79392,79394,79395,35],{},[49,79393,64470],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[49,79396,4175],{},[14,79398,79399,79400,7029],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[49,79401,74583],{},[487,79403,79405],{"id":79404},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79407,79408],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[42,79410,79412],{"className":44,"code":79411,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[49,79413,79414,79439],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79415,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428,79431,79433,79435,79437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79417,8175],{"class":58},[52,79419,63],{"class":62},[52,79421,4017],{"class":66},[52,79423,1565],{"class":110},[52,79425,193],{"class":66},[52,79427,87],{"class":73},[52,79429,79430],{"class":77},"two",[52,79432,81],{"class":73},[52,79434,193],{"class":66},[52,79436,2850],{"class":110},[52,79438,4030],{"class":66},[52,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79442,8204],{"class":58},[52,79444,35],{"class":66},[52,79446,34944],{"class":155},[52,79448,650],{"class":66},[14,79450,3398,79451,79453],{},[49,79452,3401],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[487,79455,5100,79457,79459],{"id":79456},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[49,79458,64470],{}," only works on lists",[14,79461,79462,79464],{},[49,79463,64470],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79466,1773],{},[42,79468,79470],{"className":44,"code":79469,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[49,79471,79472,79484],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79473,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79475,34832],{"class":58},[52,79477,63],{"class":62},[52,79479,87],{"class":73},[52,79481,46],{"class":77},[52,79483,297],{"class":73},[52,79485,79486,79488,79490,79492],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79487,34853],{"class":58},[52,79489,35],{"class":66},[52,79491,34944],{"class":155},[52,79493,650],{"class":66},[14,79495,79496,79497,33744],{},"Strings do not have a ",[49,79498,64470],{},[14,79500,79501],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[42,79503,79505],{"className":44,"code":79504,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[49,79506,79507,79525,79535,79539],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79508,79509,79511,79513,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79510,36237],{"class":58},[52,79512,63],{"class":62},[52,79514,22698],{"class":646},[52,79516,152],{"class":66},[52,79518,81],{"class":73},[52,79520,46],{"class":77},[52,79522,81],{"class":73},[52,79524,159],{"class":66},[52,79526,79527,79529,79531,79533],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79528,36290],{"class":58},[52,79530,35],{"class":66},[52,79532,34944],{"class":155},[52,79534,650],{"class":66},[52,79536,79537],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79538,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79540,79541,79543,79545,79547],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79542,149],{"class":148},[52,79544,152],{"class":66},[52,79546,36290],{"class":155},[52,79548,159],{"class":66},[14,79550,164],{},[42,79552,79554],{"className":44,"code":79553,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[49,79555,79556],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79557,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79559,1709],{"class":66},[52,79561,177],{"class":73},[52,79563,60596],{"class":77},[52,79565,177],{"class":73},[52,79567,193],{"class":66},[52,79569,186],{"class":73},[52,79571,76189],{"class":77},[52,79573,177],{"class":73},[52,79575,193],{"class":66},[52,79577,186],{"class":73},[52,79579,60631],{"class":77},[52,79581,177],{"class":73},[52,79583,193],{"class":66},[52,79585,186],{"class":73},[52,79587,14],{"class":77},[52,79589,177],{"class":73},[52,79591,193],{"class":66},[52,79593,186],{"class":73},[52,79595,63445],{"class":77},[52,79597,177],{"class":73},[52,79599,193],{"class":66},[52,79601,186],{"class":73},[52,79603,12102],{"class":77},[52,79605,177],{"class":73},[52,79607,4030],{"class":66},[487,79609,79611,79612,79614],{"id":79610},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[49,79613,257],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79616,79617,79618,35],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[49,79619,257],{},[14,79621,79622,79623,79625],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[49,79624,64470],{}," will not do that:",[42,79627,79629],{"className":44,"code":79628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,79630,79631,79663,79681,79685],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79632,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79634,4465],{"class":58},[52,79636,63],{"class":62},[52,79638,4017],{"class":66},[52,79640,81],{"class":73},[52,79642,4483],{"class":77},[52,79644,81],{"class":73},[52,79646,193],{"class":66},[52,79648,87],{"class":73},[52,79650,38507],{"class":77},[52,79652,81],{"class":73},[52,79654,193],{"class":66},[52,79656,87],{"class":73},[52,79658,4474],{"class":77},[52,79660,81],{"class":73},[52,79662,4030],{"class":66},[52,79664,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79666,4509],{"class":58},[52,79668,35],{"class":66},[52,79670,34944],{"class":155},[52,79672,152],{"class":66},[52,79674,257],{"class":834},[52,79676,63],{"class":62},[52,79678,2082],{"class":148},[52,79680,159],{"class":66},[52,79682,79683],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79684,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79686,79687,79689,79691,79693],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79688,149],{"class":148},[52,79690,152],{"class":66},[52,79692,4509],{"class":155},[52,79694,159],{"class":66},[487,79696,79698],{"id":79697},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79700,79701],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[42,79703,79705],{"className":44,"code":79704,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,79706,79707,79741,79751,79755],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79708,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79737,79739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79710,4465],{"class":58},[52,79712,63],{"class":62},[52,79714,4017],{"class":66},[52,79716,81],{"class":73},[52,79718,79719],{"class":77},"zebra",[52,79721,81],{"class":73},[52,79723,193],{"class":66},[52,79725,87],{"class":73},[52,79727,57925],{"class":77},[52,79729,81],{"class":73},[52,79731,193],{"class":66},[52,79733,87],{"class":73},[52,79735,79736],{"class":77},"monkey",[52,79738,81],{"class":73},[52,79740,4030],{"class":66},[52,79742,79743,79745,79747,79749],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79744,4509],{"class":58},[52,79746,35],{"class":66},[52,79748,34944],{"class":155},[52,79750,650],{"class":66},[52,79752,79753],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79754,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,79756,79757,79759,79761,79763],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79758,149],{"class":148},[52,79760,152],{"class":66},[52,79762,4509],{"class":155},[52,79764,159],{"class":66},[14,79766,164],{},[42,79768,79770],{"className":44,"code":79769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[49,79771,79772],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79773,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782,79784,79786,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79775,1709],{"class":66},[52,79777,177],{"class":73},[52,79779,57925],{"class":77},[52,79781,177],{"class":73},[52,79783,193],{"class":66},[52,79785,186],{"class":73},[52,79787,79736],{"class":77},[52,79789,177],{"class":73},[52,79791,193],{"class":66},[52,79793,186],{"class":73},[52,79795,79719],{"class":77},[52,79797,177],{"class":73},[52,79799,4030],{"class":66},[14,79801,340,79802,79804],{},[49,79803,78744],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[487,79806,60868],{"id":60867},[14,79808,79809],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[42,79811,79813],{"className":44,"code":79812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[49,79814,79815,79825,79839,79853,79867],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79816,79817,79819,79821,79823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79818,149],{"class":148},[52,79820,152],{"class":66},[52,79822,8734],{"class":155},[52,79824,159],{"class":66},[52,79826,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,79828,149],{"class":148},[52,79830,152],{"class":66},[52,79832,734],{"class":646},[52,79834,152],{"class":66},[52,79836,8734],{"class":155},[52,79838,742],{"class":66},[52,79840,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,79842,149],{"class":148},[52,79844,152],{"class":66},[52,79846,8734],{"class":155},[52,79848,35],{"class":66},[52,79850,34944],{"class":155},[52,79852,2058],{"class":66},[52,79854,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,79856,149],{"class":148},[52,79858,152],{"class":66},[52,79860,74673],{"class":148},[52,79862,152],{"class":66},[52,79864,8734],{"class":155},[52,79866,742],{"class":66},[52,79868,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,79870,149],{"class":148},[52,79872,2152],{"class":66},[52,79874,734],{"class":646},[52,79876,152],{"class":66},[52,79878,23449],{"class":155},[52,79880,4056],{"class":66},[52,79882,4273],{"class":4272},[52,79884,6359],{"class":155},[52,79886,4279],{"class":4272},[52,79888,8791],{"class":155},[52,79890,1718],{"class":66},[14,79892,11534],{},[227,79894,79895,79898,79901,79908,79914],{},[230,79896,79897],{},"What values are in the list",[230,79899,79900],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[230,79902,79903,79904,2795,79906],{},"That ",[49,79905,64470],{},[49,79907,4175],{},[230,79909,79910,79911,79913],{},"Whether ",[49,79912,74583],{}," works better for your case",[230,79915,79916],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79918,79919,79920,79922],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[49,79921,3401],{}," problems.",[37,79924,2220],{"id":2219},[487,79926,13061,79928,55625],{"id":79927},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[49,79929,78026],{},[14,79931,62761,79932,35],{},[49,79933,4175],{},[487,79935,2259,79937,2262,79939,2265],{"id":79936},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[49,79938,64470],{},[49,79940,74583],{},[14,79942,79943,79945,79946,79948],{},[49,79944,64470],{}," changes the list itself. ",[49,79947,74583],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[487,79950,79952],{"id":79951},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79954,18831],{},[42,79956,79958],{"className":44,"code":79957,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[49,79959,79960],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79961,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79963,8734],{"class":58},[52,79965,35],{"class":66},[52,79967,34944],{"class":155},[52,79969,152],{"class":66},[52,79971,73736],{"class":834},[52,79973,63],{"class":62},[52,79975,862],{"class":128},[52,79977,159],{"class":66},[487,79979,79981],{"id":79980},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79983,18831],{},[42,79985,79987],{"className":44,"code":79986,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[49,79988,79989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,79990,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79992,8734],{"class":58},[52,79994,35],{"class":66},[52,79996,34944],{"class":155},[52,79998,152],{"class":66},[52,80000,257],{"class":834},[52,80002,63],{"class":62},[52,80004,3836],{"class":646},[52,80006,35],{"class":66},[52,80008,9037],{"class":24889},[52,80010,159],{"class":66},[14,80012,80013],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[487,80015,80017,80018,80020],{"id":80016},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[49,80019,3401],{}," when sorting?",[14,80022,80023],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[37,80025,2277],{"id":2276},[227,80027,80028,80033,80039,80043],{},[230,80029,80030],{},[26,80031,80032],{"href":78535},"How to sort a list in Python",[230,80034,80035],{},[26,80036,3969,80037,6181],{"href":74680},[49,80038,74583],{},[230,80040,80041],{},[26,80042,67236],{"href":51134},[230,80044,80045],{},[26,80046,79285],{"href":79284},[2315,80048,80049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":80051},[80052,80053,80055,80056,80057,80058,80060,80062,80073,80083],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":78092,"depth":70,"text":80054},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":78347,"depth":70,"text":78348},{"id":78539,"depth":70,"text":78540},{"id":78861,"depth":70,"text":80059},"Using the key argument",{"id":79126,"depth":70,"text":80061},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":80063},[80064,80066,80067,80069,80071,80072],{"id":79295,"depth":98,"text":80065},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79404,"depth":98,"text":79405},{"id":79456,"depth":98,"text":80068},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79610,"depth":98,"text":80070},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79697,"depth":98,"text":79698},{"id":60867,"depth":98,"text":60868},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":80074},[80075,80077,80079,80080,80081],{"id":79927,"depth":98,"text":80076},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79936,"depth":98,"text":80078},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79951,"depth":98,"text":79952},{"id":79980,"depth":98,"text":79981},{"id":80016,"depth":98,"text":80082},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78014,"description":80084},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80091,"title":80092,"body":80093,"description":82724,"extension":2357,"meta":82725,"navigation":141,"path":82726,"seo":82727,"stem":82728,"__hash__":82729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80094,"toc":82683},[80095,80100,80105,80108,80119,80122,80142,80144,80206,80208,80249,80258,80263,80268,80274,80285,80287,80306,80309,80314,80319,80321,80326,80340,80342,80360,80363,80380,80383,80389,80412,80417,80419,80422,80483,80485,80518,80520,80559,80567,80577,80583,80588,80681,80683,80707,80709,80727,80730,80761,80767,80772,80775,80777,80902,80904,80928,80930,80949,80955,80961,81080,81082,81099,81106,81112,81117,81124,81130,81132,81189,81192,81213,81216,81219,81280,81282,81315,81319,81389,81391,81408,81412,81415,81490,81492,81529,81532,81535,81606,81608,81669,81674,81679,81682,81696,81698,81771,81773,81793,81796,81799,81856,81918,81921,81953,81956,81971,81976,81978,81984,81987,82043,82046,82048,82067,82071,82073,82117,82126,82128,82188,82192,82195,82197,82290,82292,82407,82411,82413,82487,82490,82493,82495,82500,82565,82567,82591,82601,82603,82609,82618,82627,82636,82642,82645,82649,82652,82654,82680],[10,80096,3969,80098,3973],{"id":80097},"python-map-function-explained",[49,80099,39866],{},[14,80101,3976,80102,80104],{},[49,80103,39866],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80106,80107],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[227,80109,80110,80113,80116],{},[230,80111,80112],{},"converting numbers to strings",[230,80114,80115],{},"changing strings to integers",[230,80117,80118],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80120,80121],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[227,80123,80124,80131,80137],{},[230,80125,80126,14408,80128,80130],{},[49,80127,39866],{},[18,80129,1006],{}," return a list in Python 3",[230,80132,80133,80134],{},"it returns a ",[18,80135,80136],{},"map object",[230,80138,80139,80140],{},"you often convert that result with ",[49,80141,24920],{},[37,80143,40],{"id":39},[42,80145,80147],{"className":44,"code":80146,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,80148,80149,80173,80192],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80150,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80152,4012],{"class":58},[52,80154,63],{"class":62},[52,80156,4017],{"class":66},[52,80158,1565],{"class":110},[52,80160,193],{"class":66},[52,80162,1570],{"class":110},[52,80164,193],{"class":66},[52,80166,2850],{"class":110},[52,80168,193],{"class":66},[52,80170,2856],{"class":110},[52,80172,4030],{"class":66},[52,80174,80175,80177,80179,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,80176,2626],{"class":58},[52,80178,63],{"class":62},[52,80180,80181],{"class":148}," map",[52,80183,152],{"class":66},[52,80185,3836],{"class":646},[52,80187,193],{"class":66},[52,80189,4659],{"class":155},[52,80191,159],{"class":66},[52,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,80195,149],{"class":148},[52,80197,152],{"class":66},[52,80199,8488],{"class":646},[52,80201,152],{"class":66},[52,80203,2661],{"class":155},[52,80205,742],{"class":66},[14,80207,164],{},[42,80209,80211],{"className":44,"code":80210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[49,80212,80213],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80214,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80216,1709],{"class":66},[52,80218,177],{"class":73},[52,80220,1565],{"class":77},[52,80222,177],{"class":73},[52,80224,193],{"class":66},[52,80226,186],{"class":73},[52,80228,2451],{"class":77},[52,80230,177],{"class":73},[52,80232,193],{"class":66},[52,80234,186],{"class":73},[52,80236,2457],{"class":77},[52,80238,177],{"class":73},[52,80240,193],{"class":66},[52,80242,186],{"class":73},[52,80244,2903],{"class":77},[52,80246,177],{"class":73},[52,80248,4030],{"class":66},[14,80250,340,80251,80254,80255,80257],{},[49,80252,80253],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[49,80256,24920],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[37,80259,4073,80261,4076],{"id":80260},"what-map-does",[49,80262,39866],{},[14,80264,80265,80267],{},[49,80266,39866],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80269,80270,80271,80273],{},"An ",[18,80272,4117],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[227,80275,80276,80278,80280,80282],{},[230,80277,38050],{},[230,80279,38053],{},[230,80281,38056],{},[230,80283,80284],{},"a range object",[14,80286,30867],{},[42,80288,80290],{"className":44,"code":80289,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"map(function, iterable)\n",[49,80291,80292],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80293,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80295,40009],{"class":148},[52,80297,152],{"class":66},[52,80299,38009],{"class":155},[52,80301,193],{"class":66},[52,80303,38014],{"class":155},[52,80305,159],{"class":66},[14,80307,80308],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80310,80311,80312,33885],{},"Important: the result is a ",[18,80313,80136],{},[14,80315,80316,80317,35],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[26,80318,5533],{"href":5532},[37,80320,2553],{"id":2552},[14,80322,80323,80325],{},[49,80324,39866],{}," needs at least two parts:",[227,80327,80328,80334],{},[230,80329,80330,80333],{},[18,80331,80332],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[230,80335,80336,80339],{},[18,80337,80338],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80341,4102],{},[42,80343,80344],{"className":44,"code":80289,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,80345,80346],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80347,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80349,40009],{"class":148},[52,80351,152],{"class":66},[52,80353,38009],{"class":155},[52,80355,193],{"class":66},[52,80357,38014],{"class":155},[52,80359,159],{"class":66},[14,80361,80362],{},"You can pass:",[227,80364,80365,80374,80377],{},[230,80366,80367,80368,2203,80370,2589,80372],{},"built-in functions like ",[49,80369,3836],{},[49,80371,2585],{},[49,80373,2411],{},[230,80375,80376],{},"your own custom function",[230,80378,80379],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80381,80382],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80384,80385,80386,80388],{},"You will often see ",[49,80387,39866],{}," used like this:",[42,80390,80392],{"className":44,"code":80391,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list(map(function, values))\n",[49,80393,80394],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80395,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80397,8488],{"class":646},[52,80399,152],{"class":66},[52,80401,40009],{"class":148},[52,80403,152],{"class":66},[52,80405,38009],{"class":155},[52,80407,193],{"class":66},[52,80409,4282],{"class":155},[52,80411,742],{"class":66},[14,80413,7075,80414,80416],{},[49,80415,24920],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[37,80418,11837],{"id":11836},[14,80420,80421],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[42,80423,80425],{"className":44,"code":80424,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,80426,80427,80447,80465,80469],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80428,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80430,4012],{"class":58},[52,80432,63],{"class":62},[52,80434,4017],{"class":66},[52,80436,2728],{"class":110},[52,80438,193],{"class":66},[52,80440,111],{"class":110},[52,80442,193],{"class":66},[52,80444,1929],{"class":110},[52,80446,4030],{"class":66},[52,80448,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,80450,2626],{"class":58},[52,80452,63],{"class":62},[52,80454,80181],{"class":148},[52,80456,152],{"class":66},[52,80458,3836],{"class":646},[52,80460,193],{"class":66},[52,80462,4659],{"class":155},[52,80464,159],{"class":66},[52,80466,80467],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,80468,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80470,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,80472,149],{"class":148},[52,80474,152],{"class":66},[52,80476,8488],{"class":646},[52,80478,152],{"class":66},[52,80480,2661],{"class":155},[52,80482,742],{"class":66},[14,80484,164],{},[42,80486,80488],{"className":44,"code":80487,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[49,80489,80490],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80491,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80493,1709],{"class":66},[52,80495,177],{"class":73},[52,80497,2728],{"class":77},[52,80499,177],{"class":73},[52,80501,193],{"class":66},[52,80503,186],{"class":73},[52,80505,852],{"class":77},[52,80507,177],{"class":73},[52,80509,193],{"class":66},[52,80511,186],{"class":73},[52,80513,36989],{"class":77},[52,80515,177],{"class":73},[52,80517,4030],{"class":66},[14,80519,12041],{},[227,80521,80522,80527,80535,80543,80551],{},[230,80523,80524,80526],{},[49,80525,1578],{}," contains integers",[230,80528,80529,80532,80533],{},[49,80530,80531],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[49,80534,47837],{},[230,80536,80537,42306,80540],{},[49,80538,80539],{},"str(10)",[49,80541,80542],{},"'10'",[230,80544,80545,42306,80548],{},[49,80546,80547],{},"str(20)",[49,80549,80550],{},"'20'",[230,80552,80553,42306,80556],{},[49,80554,80555],{},"str(30)",[49,80557,80558],{},"'30'",[14,80560,53809,80561,80563,80564,80566],{},[49,80562,39866],{}," applies ",[49,80565,47837],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80568,80569,80570,80572,80573,35],{},"If you want to understand ",[49,80571,24920],{}," better, see ",[26,80574,3969,80575,3902],{"href":65006},[49,80576,24920],{},[37,80578,8813,80580,80582],{"id":80579},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[49,80581,39866],{}," with your own function",[14,80584,810,80585,80587],{},[49,80586,39866],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[42,80589,80591],{"className":44,"code":80590,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,80592,80593,80606,80616,80620,80644,80663,80667],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80594,80595,80597,80600,80602,80604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80596,34996],{"class":774},[52,80598,80599],{"class":34999}," double",[52,80601,152],{"class":66},[52,80603,2570],{"class":37811},[52,80605,8737],{"class":66},[52,80607,80608,80610,80612,80614],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,80609,35007],{"class":4272},[52,80611,4276],{"class":58},[52,80613,40022],{"class":62},[52,80615,45742],{"class":110},[52,80617,80618],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,80619,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80621,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,80623,4012],{"class":58},[52,80625,63],{"class":62},[52,80627,4017],{"class":66},[52,80629,1565],{"class":110},[52,80631,193],{"class":66},[52,80633,1570],{"class":110},[52,80635,193],{"class":66},[52,80637,2850],{"class":110},[52,80639,193],{"class":66},[52,80641,2856],{"class":110},[52,80643,4030],{"class":66},[52,80645,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80657,80659,80661],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,80647,2626],{"class":58},[52,80649,63],{"class":62},[52,80651,80181],{"class":148},[52,80653,152],{"class":66},[52,80655,80656],{"class":155},"double",[52,80658,193],{"class":66},[52,80660,4659],{"class":155},[52,80662,159],{"class":66},[52,80664,80665],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,80666,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80668,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,80670,149],{"class":148},[52,80672,152],{"class":66},[52,80674,8488],{"class":646},[52,80676,152],{"class":66},[52,80678,2661],{"class":155},[52,80680,742],{"class":66},[14,80682,164],{},[42,80684,80685],{"className":44,"code":40035,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,80686,80687],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80688,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80690,1709],{"class":66},[52,80692,2451],{"class":110},[52,80694,193],{"class":66},[52,80696,2856],{"class":110},[52,80698,193],{"class":66},[52,80700,37792],{"class":110},[52,80702,193],{"class":66},[52,80704,6758],{"class":110},[52,80706,4030],{"class":66},[14,80708,65743],{},[227,80710,80711,80718,80724],{},[230,80712,80713,80715,80716],{},[49,80714,39866],{}," takes the function ",[49,80717,80656],{},[230,80719,80720,80721,80723],{},"it sends each item from ",[49,80722,1578],{}," into that function",[230,80725,80726],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80728,80729],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[227,80731,80732,80739,80746,80754],{},[230,80733,80734,6471,80737],{},[49,80735,80736],{},"double(1)",[49,80738,2451],{},[230,80740,80741,6471,80744],{},[49,80742,80743],{},"double(2)",[49,80745,2903],{},[230,80747,80748,6471,80751],{},[49,80749,80750],{},"double(3)",[49,80752,80753],{},"6",[230,80755,80756,6471,80759],{},[49,80757,80758],{},"double(4)",[49,80760,2743],{},[37,80762,8813,80764,80766],{"id":80763},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[49,80765,39866],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80768,80769,80771],{},[49,80770,39866],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80773,80774],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80776,511],{},[42,80778,80780],{"className":44,"code":80779,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,80781,80782,80799,80809,80813,80834,80855,80859,80884,80888],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80783,80784,80786,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80785,34996],{"class":774},[52,80787,80788],{"class":34999}," add_numbers",[52,80790,152],{"class":66},[52,80792,26],{"class":37811},[52,80794,193],{"class":66},[52,80796,2958],{"class":37811},[52,80798,8737],{"class":66},[52,80800,80801,80803,80805,80807],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,80802,35007],{"class":4272},[52,80804,44697],{"class":58},[52,80806,2454],{"class":62},[52,80808,36329],{"class":58},[52,80810,80811],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,80812,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80814,80815,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,80816,80817],{"class":58},"list1 ",[52,80819,63],{"class":62},[52,80821,4017],{"class":66},[52,80823,1565],{"class":110},[52,80825,193],{"class":66},[52,80827,1570],{"class":110},[52,80829,193],{"class":66},[52,80831,2850],{"class":110},[52,80833,4030],{"class":66},[52,80835,80836,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,80837,80838],{"class":58},"list2 ",[52,80840,63],{"class":62},[52,80842,4017],{"class":66},[52,80844,2728],{"class":110},[52,80846,193],{"class":66},[52,80848,111],{"class":110},[52,80850,193],{"class":66},[52,80852,1929],{"class":110},[52,80854,4030],{"class":66},[52,80856,80857],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,80858,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80860,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80872,80874,80877,80879,80882],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,80862,2626],{"class":58},[52,80864,63],{"class":62},[52,80866,80181],{"class":148},[52,80868,152],{"class":66},[52,80870,80871],{"class":155},"add_numbers",[52,80873,193],{"class":66},[52,80875,80876],{"class":155}," list1",[52,80878,193],{"class":66},[52,80880,80881],{"class":155}," list2",[52,80883,159],{"class":66},[52,80885,80886],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,80887,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80889,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,80891,149],{"class":148},[52,80893,152],{"class":66},[52,80895,8488],{"class":646},[52,80897,152],{"class":66},[52,80899,2661],{"class":155},[52,80901,742],{"class":66},[14,80903,164],{},[42,80905,80907],{"className":44,"code":80906,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[49,80908,80909],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80910,80911,80913,80916,80918,80921,80923,80926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80912,1709],{"class":66},[52,80914,80915],{"class":110},"11",[52,80917,193],{"class":66},[52,80919,80920],{"class":110}," 22",[52,80922,193],{"class":66},[52,80924,80925],{"class":110}," 33",[52,80927,4030],{"class":66},[14,80929,2575],{},[227,80931,80932,80938,80944],{},[230,80933,80934,80935],{},"the first values are used together: ",[49,80936,80937],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[230,80939,80940,80941],{},"then ",[49,80942,80943],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[230,80945,80940,80946],{},[49,80947,80948],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[487,80950,80952,80954],{"id":80951},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[49,80953,39866],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80956,80957,80958,80960],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[49,80959,39866],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[42,80962,80964],{"className":44,"code":80963,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,80965,80966,80982,80992,80996,81020,81036,81040,81062,81066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,80967,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80969,34996],{"class":774},[52,80971,80788],{"class":34999},[52,80973,152],{"class":66},[52,80975,26],{"class":37811},[52,80977,193],{"class":66},[52,80979,2958],{"class":37811},[52,80981,8737],{"class":66},[52,80983,80984,80986,80988,80990],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,80985,35007],{"class":4272},[52,80987,44697],{"class":58},[52,80989,2454],{"class":62},[52,80991,36329],{"class":58},[52,80993,80994],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,80995,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,80997,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,80999,80817],{"class":58},[52,81001,63],{"class":62},[52,81003,4017],{"class":66},[52,81005,1565],{"class":110},[52,81007,193],{"class":66},[52,81009,1570],{"class":110},[52,81011,193],{"class":66},[52,81013,2850],{"class":110},[52,81015,193],{"class":66},[52,81017,2856],{"class":110},[52,81019,4030],{"class":66},[52,81021,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,81023,80838],{"class":58},[52,81025,63],{"class":62},[52,81027,4017],{"class":66},[52,81029,2728],{"class":110},[52,81031,193],{"class":66},[52,81033,111],{"class":110},[52,81035,4030],{"class":66},[52,81037,81038],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,81039,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81041,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,81043,2626],{"class":58},[52,81045,63],{"class":62},[52,81047,80181],{"class":148},[52,81049,152],{"class":66},[52,81051,80871],{"class":155},[52,81053,193],{"class":66},[52,81055,80876],{"class":155},[52,81057,193],{"class":66},[52,81059,80881],{"class":155},[52,81061,159],{"class":66},[52,81063,81064],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,81065,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81067,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,81069,149],{"class":148},[52,81071,152],{"class":66},[52,81073,8488],{"class":646},[52,81075,152],{"class":66},[52,81077,2661],{"class":155},[52,81079,742],{"class":66},[14,81081,164],{},[42,81083,81085],{"className":44,"code":81084,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[11, 22]\n",[49,81086,81087],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81088,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81090,1709],{"class":66},[52,81092,80915],{"class":110},[52,81094,193],{"class":66},[52,81096,80920],{"class":110},[52,81098,4030],{"class":66},[14,81100,81101,81102,81105],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[49,81103,81104],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[37,81107,81109,81111],{"id":81108},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[49,81110,39866],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81113,38172,81114,81116],{},[49,81115,39866],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81118,81119,81120,81123],{},"This object is ",[18,81121,81122],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[487,81125,2887,81127,81129],{"id":81126},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[49,81128,33170],{}," looks strange",[14,81131,33786],{},[42,81133,81135],{"className":44,"code":81134,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,81136,81137,81157,81175,81179],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81138,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81140,4012],{"class":58},[52,81142,63],{"class":62},[52,81144,4017],{"class":66},[52,81146,1565],{"class":110},[52,81148,193],{"class":66},[52,81150,1570],{"class":110},[52,81152,193],{"class":66},[52,81154,2850],{"class":110},[52,81156,4030],{"class":66},[52,81158,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81160,2626],{"class":58},[52,81162,63],{"class":62},[52,81164,80181],{"class":148},[52,81166,152],{"class":66},[52,81168,3836],{"class":646},[52,81170,193],{"class":66},[52,81172,4659],{"class":155},[52,81174,159],{"class":66},[52,81176,81177],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81178,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81180,81181,81183,81185,81187],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,81182,149],{"class":148},[52,81184,152],{"class":66},[52,81186,2661],{"class":155},[52,81188,159],{"class":66},[14,81190,81191],{},"Output will look something like this:",[42,81193,81195],{"className":44,"code":81194,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[49,81196,81197],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81198,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81200,771],{"class":62},[52,81202,40009],{"class":148},[52,81204,24756],{"class":646},[52,81206,37512],{"class":58},[52,81208,37516],{"class":37515},[52,81210,37519],{"class":34597},[52,81212,785],{"class":62},[14,81214,81215],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81217,81218],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[42,81220,81222],{"className":44,"code":81221,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,81223,81224,81244,81262,81266],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81225,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81227,4012],{"class":58},[52,81229,63],{"class":62},[52,81231,4017],{"class":66},[52,81233,1565],{"class":110},[52,81235,193],{"class":66},[52,81237,1570],{"class":110},[52,81239,193],{"class":66},[52,81241,2850],{"class":110},[52,81243,4030],{"class":66},[52,81245,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81247,2626],{"class":58},[52,81249,63],{"class":62},[52,81251,80181],{"class":148},[52,81253,152],{"class":66},[52,81255,3836],{"class":646},[52,81257,193],{"class":66},[52,81259,4659],{"class":155},[52,81261,159],{"class":66},[52,81263,81264],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81265,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81267,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,81269,149],{"class":148},[52,81271,152],{"class":66},[52,81273,8488],{"class":646},[52,81275,152],{"class":66},[52,81277,2661],{"class":155},[52,81279,742],{"class":66},[14,81281,164],{},[42,81283,81285],{"className":44,"code":81284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[49,81286,81287],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81288,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81290,1709],{"class":66},[52,81292,177],{"class":73},[52,81294,1565],{"class":77},[52,81296,177],{"class":73},[52,81298,193],{"class":66},[52,81300,186],{"class":73},[52,81302,2451],{"class":77},[52,81304,177],{"class":73},[52,81306,193],{"class":66},[52,81308,186],{"class":73},[52,81310,2457],{"class":77},[52,81312,177],{"class":73},[52,81314,4030],{"class":66},[487,81316,81318],{"id":81317},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[42,81320,81322],{"className":44,"code":81321,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[49,81323,81324,81344,81362,81366,81379],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81325,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81327,4012],{"class":58},[52,81329,63],{"class":62},[52,81331,4017],{"class":66},[52,81333,1565],{"class":110},[52,81335,193],{"class":66},[52,81337,1570],{"class":110},[52,81339,193],{"class":66},[52,81341,2850],{"class":110},[52,81343,4030],{"class":66},[52,81345,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81347,2626],{"class":58},[52,81349,63],{"class":62},[52,81351,80181],{"class":148},[52,81353,152],{"class":66},[52,81355,3836],{"class":646},[52,81357,193],{"class":66},[52,81359,4659],{"class":155},[52,81361,159],{"class":66},[52,81363,81364],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81365,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81367,81368,81370,81372,81374,81377],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,81369,6356],{"class":4272},[52,81371,6359],{"class":58},[52,81373,4279],{"class":4272},[52,81375,81376],{"class":58}," result",[52,81378,6792],{"class":66},[52,81380,81381,81383,81385,81387],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,81382,8463],{"class":148},[52,81384,152],{"class":66},[52,81386,23449],{"class":155},[52,81388,159],{"class":66},[14,81390,164],{},[42,81392,81394],{"className":44,"code":81393,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1\n2\n3\n",[49,81395,81396,81400,81404],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81397,81398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81399,47070],{"class":110},[52,81401,81402],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81403,2192],{"class":110},[52,81405,81406],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81407,46770],{"class":110},[487,81409,81411],{"id":81410},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81413,81414],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[42,81416,81418],{"className":44,"code":81417,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,81419,81420,81440,81458,81462,81476],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81421,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81423,4012],{"class":58},[52,81425,63],{"class":62},[52,81427,4017],{"class":66},[52,81429,1565],{"class":110},[52,81431,193],{"class":66},[52,81433,1570],{"class":110},[52,81435,193],{"class":66},[52,81437,2850],{"class":110},[52,81439,4030],{"class":66},[52,81441,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81443,2626],{"class":58},[52,81445,63],{"class":62},[52,81447,80181],{"class":148},[52,81449,152],{"class":66},[52,81451,3836],{"class":646},[52,81453,193],{"class":66},[52,81455,4659],{"class":155},[52,81457,159],{"class":66},[52,81459,81460],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81461,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81463,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,81465,149],{"class":148},[52,81467,152],{"class":66},[52,81469,8488],{"class":646},[52,81471,152],{"class":66},[52,81473,2661],{"class":155},[52,81475,742],{"class":66},[52,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,81479,149],{"class":148},[52,81481,152],{"class":66},[52,81483,8488],{"class":646},[52,81485,152],{"class":66},[52,81487,2661],{"class":155},[52,81489,742],{"class":66},[14,81491,164],{},[42,81493,81495],{"className":44,"code":81494,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[49,81496,81497,81525],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81498,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81500,1709],{"class":66},[52,81502,177],{"class":73},[52,81504,1565],{"class":77},[52,81506,177],{"class":73},[52,81508,193],{"class":66},[52,81510,186],{"class":73},[52,81512,2451],{"class":77},[52,81514,177],{"class":73},[52,81516,193],{"class":66},[52,81518,186],{"class":73},[52,81520,2457],{"class":77},[52,81522,177],{"class":73},[52,81524,4030],{"class":66},[52,81526,81527],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81528,38446],{"class":66},[14,81530,81531],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81533,81534],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[42,81536,81538],{"className":44,"code":81537,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[49,81539,81540,81560,81582,81586,81596],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81541,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81543,4012],{"class":58},[52,81545,63],{"class":62},[52,81547,4017],{"class":66},[52,81549,1565],{"class":110},[52,81551,193],{"class":66},[52,81553,1570],{"class":110},[52,81555,193],{"class":66},[52,81557,2850],{"class":110},[52,81559,4030],{"class":66},[52,81561,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81563,2626],{"class":58},[52,81565,63],{"class":62},[52,81567,22698],{"class":646},[52,81569,152],{"class":66},[52,81571,40009],{"class":148},[52,81573,152],{"class":66},[52,81575,3836],{"class":646},[52,81577,193],{"class":66},[52,81579,4659],{"class":155},[52,81581,742],{"class":66},[52,81583,81584],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81585,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81587,81588,81590,81592,81594],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,81589,149],{"class":148},[52,81591,152],{"class":66},[52,81593,2661],{"class":155},[52,81595,159],{"class":66},[52,81597,81598,81600,81602,81604],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,81599,149],{"class":148},[52,81601,152],{"class":66},[52,81603,2661],{"class":155},[52,81605,159],{"class":66},[14,81607,164],{},[42,81609,81611],{"className":44,"code":81610,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[49,81612,81613,81641],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81614,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81616,1709],{"class":66},[52,81618,177],{"class":73},[52,81620,1565],{"class":77},[52,81622,177],{"class":73},[52,81624,193],{"class":66},[52,81626,186],{"class":73},[52,81628,2451],{"class":77},[52,81630,177],{"class":73},[52,81632,193],{"class":66},[52,81634,186],{"class":73},[52,81636,2457],{"class":77},[52,81638,177],{"class":73},[52,81640,4030],{"class":66},[52,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81644,1709],{"class":66},[52,81646,177],{"class":73},[52,81648,1565],{"class":77},[52,81650,177],{"class":73},[52,81652,193],{"class":66},[52,81654,186],{"class":73},[52,81656,2451],{"class":77},[52,81658,177],{"class":73},[52,81660,193],{"class":66},[52,81662,186],{"class":73},[52,81664,2457],{"class":77},[52,81666,177],{"class":73},[52,81668,4030],{"class":66},[37,81670,5358,81672],{"id":81671},"when-to-use-map",[49,81673,39866],{},[14,81675,81676,81678],{},[49,81677,39866],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81680,81681],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[227,81683,81684,81688,81692],{},[230,81685,81686],{},[49,81687,3836],{},[230,81689,81690],{},[49,81691,2585],{},[230,81693,81694],{},[49,81695,2411],{},[14,81697,511],{},[42,81699,81701],{"className":44,"code":81700,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,81702,81703,81735,81757,81761],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81704,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81706,4218],{"class":58},[52,81708,63],{"class":62},[52,81710,4017],{"class":66},[52,81712,177],{"class":73},[52,81714,1565],{"class":77},[52,81716,177],{"class":73},[52,81718,193],{"class":66},[52,81720,186],{"class":73},[52,81722,2451],{"class":77},[52,81724,177],{"class":73},[52,81726,193],{"class":66},[52,81728,186],{"class":73},[52,81730,2457],{"class":77},[52,81732,177],{"class":73},[52,81734,4030],{"class":66},[52,81736,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81738,4012],{"class":58},[52,81740,63],{"class":62},[52,81742,22698],{"class":646},[52,81744,152],{"class":66},[52,81746,40009],{"class":148},[52,81748,152],{"class":66},[52,81750,2585],{"class":646},[52,81752,193],{"class":66},[52,81754,4282],{"class":155},[52,81756,742],{"class":66},[52,81758,81759],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81760,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,81762,81763,81765,81767,81769],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,81764,149],{"class":148},[52,81766,152],{"class":66},[52,81768,1578],{"class":155},[52,81770,159],{"class":66},[14,81772,164],{},[42,81774,81775],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,81776,81777],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81778,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81780,1709],{"class":66},[52,81782,1565],{"class":110},[52,81784,193],{"class":66},[52,81786,1570],{"class":110},[52,81788,193],{"class":66},[52,81790,2850],{"class":110},[52,81792,4030],{"class":66},[14,81794,81795],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81797,81798],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[42,81800,81802],{"className":44,"code":81801,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[49,81803,81804,81824,81846],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81805,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81807,4012],{"class":58},[52,81809,63],{"class":62},[52,81811,4017],{"class":66},[52,81813,1565],{"class":110},[52,81815,193],{"class":66},[52,81817,1570],{"class":110},[52,81819,193],{"class":66},[52,81821,2850],{"class":110},[52,81823,4030],{"class":66},[52,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81827,2626],{"class":58},[52,81829,63],{"class":62},[52,81831,22698],{"class":646},[52,81833,152],{"class":66},[52,81835,40009],{"class":148},[52,81837,152],{"class":66},[52,81839,3836],{"class":646},[52,81841,193],{"class":66},[52,81843,4659],{"class":155},[52,81845,742],{"class":66},[52,81847,81848,81850,81852,81854],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81849,149],{"class":148},[52,81851,152],{"class":66},[52,81853,2661],{"class":155},[52,81855,159],{"class":66},[42,81857,81859],{"className":44,"code":81858,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[49,81860,81861,81881,81908],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81862,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81864,4012],{"class":58},[52,81866,63],{"class":62},[52,81868,4017],{"class":66},[52,81870,1565],{"class":110},[52,81872,193],{"class":66},[52,81874,1570],{"class":110},[52,81876,193],{"class":66},[52,81878,2850],{"class":110},[52,81880,4030],{"class":66},[52,81882,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81902,81904,81906],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,81884,2626],{"class":58},[52,81886,63],{"class":62},[52,81888,4017],{"class":66},[52,81890,3836],{"class":646},[52,81892,152],{"class":66},[52,81894,76189],{"class":155},[52,81896,4056],{"class":66},[52,81898,4273],{"class":4272},[52,81900,81901],{"class":58}," n ",[52,81903,4279],{"class":4272},[52,81905,4659],{"class":58},[52,81907,4030],{"class":66},[52,81909,81910,81912,81914,81916],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,81911,149],{"class":148},[52,81913,152],{"class":66},[52,81915,2661],{"class":155},[52,81917,159],{"class":66},[14,81919,81920],{},"Both produce:",[42,81922,81923],{"className":44,"code":81284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,81924,81925],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81926,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81928,1709],{"class":66},[52,81930,177],{"class":73},[52,81932,1565],{"class":77},[52,81934,177],{"class":73},[52,81936,193],{"class":66},[52,81938,186],{"class":73},[52,81940,2451],{"class":77},[52,81942,177],{"class":73},[52,81944,193],{"class":66},[52,81946,186],{"class":73},[52,81948,2457],{"class":77},[52,81950,177],{"class":73},[52,81952,4030],{"class":66},[14,81954,81955],{},"A simple rule:",[227,81957,81958,81963,81968],{},[230,81959,40140,81960,81962],{},[49,81961,39866],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[230,81964,40146,81965,81967],{},[49,81966,6356],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[230,81969,81970],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81972,81973,81974,35],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[26,81975,4789],{"href":4788},[37,81977,4915],{"id":4914},[487,81979,81981,81982],{"id":81980},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[49,81983,24920],{},[14,81985,81986],{},"This is very common:",[42,81988,81989],{"className":44,"code":81134,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,81990,81991,82011,82029,82033],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81994,4012],{"class":58},[52,81996,63],{"class":62},[52,81998,4017],{"class":66},[52,82000,1565],{"class":110},[52,82002,193],{"class":66},[52,82004,1570],{"class":110},[52,82006,193],{"class":66},[52,82008,2850],{"class":110},[52,82010,4030],{"class":66},[52,82012,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82014,2626],{"class":58},[52,82016,63],{"class":62},[52,82018,80181],{"class":148},[52,82020,152],{"class":66},[52,82022,3836],{"class":646},[52,82024,193],{"class":66},[52,82026,4659],{"class":155},[52,82028,159],{"class":66},[52,82030,82031],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82032,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82034,82035,82037,82039,82041],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82036,149],{"class":148},[52,82038,152],{"class":66},[52,82040,2661],{"class":155},[52,82042,159],{"class":66},[14,82044,82045],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,82047,39411],{},[42,82049,82051],{"className":44,"code":82050,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(result))\n",[49,82052,82053],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82054,82055,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82056,149],{"class":148},[52,82058,152],{"class":66},[52,82060,8488],{"class":646},[52,82062,152],{"class":66},[52,82064,2661],{"class":155},[52,82066,742],{"class":66},[487,82068,82070],{"id":82069},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,82072,1773],{},[42,82074,82076],{"className":44,"code":82075,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[49,82077,82078,82098],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82079,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82081,4012],{"class":58},[52,82083,63],{"class":62},[52,82085,4017],{"class":66},[52,82087,1565],{"class":110},[52,82089,193],{"class":66},[52,82091,1570],{"class":110},[52,82093,193],{"class":66},[52,82095,2850],{"class":110},[52,82097,4030],{"class":66},[52,82099,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110,82113,82115],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82101,2626],{"class":58},[52,82103,63],{"class":62},[52,82105,80181],{"class":148},[52,82107,152],{"class":66},[52,82109,3836],{"class":646},[52,82111,82112],{"class":66},"(),",[52,82114,4659],{"class":155},[52,82116,159],{"class":66},[14,82118,82119,82120,82122,82123,82125],{},"This is wrong because ",[49,82121,47837],{}," is being called immediately. ",[49,82124,39866],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82127,1785],{},[42,82129,82130],{"className":44,"code":81221,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,82131,82132,82152,82170,82174],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82133,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82135,4012],{"class":58},[52,82137,63],{"class":62},[52,82139,4017],{"class":66},[52,82141,1565],{"class":110},[52,82143,193],{"class":66},[52,82145,1570],{"class":110},[52,82147,193],{"class":66},[52,82149,2850],{"class":110},[52,82151,4030],{"class":66},[52,82153,82154,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82155,2626],{"class":58},[52,82157,63],{"class":62},[52,82159,80181],{"class":148},[52,82161,152],{"class":66},[52,82163,3836],{"class":646},[52,82165,193],{"class":66},[52,82167,4659],{"class":155},[52,82169,159],{"class":66},[52,82171,82172],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82173,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82175,82176,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82177,149],{"class":148},[52,82179,152],{"class":66},[52,82181,8488],{"class":646},[52,82183,152],{"class":66},[52,82185,2661],{"class":155},[52,82187,742],{"class":66},[487,82189,82191],{"id":82190},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82193,82194],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82196,1773],{},[42,82198,82200],{"className":44,"code":82199,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,82201,82202,82219,82229,82233,82253,82272,82276],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82203,82204,82206,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82205,34996],{"class":774},[52,82207,82208],{"class":34999}," add",[52,82210,152],{"class":66},[52,82212,26],{"class":37811},[52,82214,193],{"class":66},[52,82216,2958],{"class":37811},[52,82218,8737],{"class":66},[52,82220,82221,82223,82225,82227],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82222,35007],{"class":4272},[52,82224,44697],{"class":58},[52,82226,2454],{"class":62},[52,82228,36329],{"class":58},[52,82230,82231],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82232,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82234,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82236,4012],{"class":58},[52,82238,63],{"class":62},[52,82240,4017],{"class":66},[52,82242,1565],{"class":110},[52,82244,193],{"class":66},[52,82246,1570],{"class":110},[52,82248,193],{"class":66},[52,82250,2850],{"class":110},[52,82252,4030],{"class":66},[52,82254,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82266,82268,82270],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,82256,2626],{"class":58},[52,82258,63],{"class":62},[52,82260,80181],{"class":148},[52,82262,152],{"class":66},[52,82264,82265],{"class":155},"add",[52,82267,193],{"class":66},[52,82269,4659],{"class":155},[52,82271,159],{"class":66},[52,82273,82274],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82275,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82277,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,82279,149],{"class":148},[52,82281,152],{"class":66},[52,82283,8488],{"class":646},[52,82285,152],{"class":66},[52,82287,2661],{"class":155},[52,82289,742],{"class":66},[14,82291,1785],{},[42,82293,82295],{"className":44,"code":82294,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[49,82296,82297,82313,82323,82327,82347,82367,82389,82393],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82298,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82300,34996],{"class":774},[52,82302,82208],{"class":34999},[52,82304,152],{"class":66},[52,82306,26],{"class":37811},[52,82308,193],{"class":66},[52,82310,2958],{"class":37811},[52,82312,8737],{"class":66},[52,82314,82315,82317,82319,82321],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82316,35007],{"class":4272},[52,82318,44697],{"class":58},[52,82320,2454],{"class":62},[52,82322,36329],{"class":58},[52,82324,82325],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82326,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82328,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82330,80817],{"class":58},[52,82332,63],{"class":62},[52,82334,4017],{"class":66},[52,82336,1565],{"class":110},[52,82338,193],{"class":66},[52,82340,1570],{"class":110},[52,82342,193],{"class":66},[52,82344,2850],{"class":110},[52,82346,4030],{"class":66},[52,82348,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,82350,80838],{"class":58},[52,82352,63],{"class":62},[52,82354,4017],{"class":66},[52,82356,2728],{"class":110},[52,82358,193],{"class":66},[52,82360,111],{"class":110},[52,82362,193],{"class":66},[52,82364,1929],{"class":110},[52,82366,4030],{"class":66},[52,82368,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82370,2626],{"class":58},[52,82372,63],{"class":62},[52,82374,80181],{"class":148},[52,82376,152],{"class":66},[52,82378,82265],{"class":155},[52,82380,193],{"class":66},[52,82382,80876],{"class":155},[52,82384,193],{"class":66},[52,82386,80881],{"class":155},[52,82388,159],{"class":66},[52,82390,82391],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,82392,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82394,82395,82397,82399,82401,82403,82405],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,82396,149],{"class":148},[52,82398,152],{"class":66},[52,82400,8488],{"class":646},[52,82402,152],{"class":66},[52,82404,2661],{"class":155},[52,82406,742],{"class":66},[487,82408,82410],{"id":82409},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82412,1773],{},[42,82414,82415],{"className":44,"code":81417,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,82416,82417,82437,82455,82459,82473],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82418,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82420,4012],{"class":58},[52,82422,63],{"class":62},[52,82424,4017],{"class":66},[52,82426,1565],{"class":110},[52,82428,193],{"class":66},[52,82430,1570],{"class":110},[52,82432,193],{"class":66},[52,82434,2850],{"class":110},[52,82436,4030],{"class":66},[52,82438,82439,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82440,2626],{"class":58},[52,82442,63],{"class":62},[52,82444,80181],{"class":148},[52,82446,152],{"class":66},[52,82448,3836],{"class":646},[52,82450,193],{"class":66},[52,82452,4659],{"class":155},[52,82454,159],{"class":66},[52,82456,82457],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82458,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82460,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82462,149],{"class":148},[52,82464,152],{"class":66},[52,82466,8488],{"class":646},[52,82468,152],{"class":66},[52,82470,2661],{"class":155},[52,82472,742],{"class":66},[52,82474,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483,82485],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,82476,149],{"class":148},[52,82478,152],{"class":66},[52,82480,8488],{"class":646},[52,82482,152],{"class":66},[52,82484,2661],{"class":155},[52,82486,742],{"class":66},[14,82488,82489],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82491,82492],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[37,82494,68054],{"id":68053},[14,82496,9271,82497,82499],{},[49,82498,39866],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[42,82501,82503],{"className":44,"code":82502,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[49,82504,82505,82515,82529,82543,82555],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82506,82507,82509,82511,82513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82508,149],{"class":148},[52,82510,152],{"class":66},[52,82512,2661],{"class":155},[52,82514,159],{"class":66},[52,82516,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82518,149],{"class":148},[52,82520,152],{"class":66},[52,82522,8488],{"class":646},[52,82524,152],{"class":66},[52,82526,2661],{"class":155},[52,82528,742],{"class":66},[52,82530,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82532,149],{"class":148},[52,82534,152],{"class":66},[52,82536,734],{"class":646},[52,82538,152],{"class":66},[52,82540,2661],{"class":155},[52,82542,742],{"class":66},[52,82544,82545,82547,82549,82551,82553],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82546,6356],{"class":4272},[52,82548,6359],{"class":58},[52,82550,4279],{"class":4272},[52,82552,81376],{"class":58},[52,82554,6792],{"class":66},[52,82556,82557,82559,82561,82563],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,82558,8463],{"class":148},[52,82560,152],{"class":66},[52,82562,23449],{"class":155},[52,82564,159],{"class":66},[14,82566,13029],{},[227,82568,82569,82574,82579,82585],{},[230,82570,82571,82573],{},[49,82572,33170],{}," shows that you have a map object",[230,82575,82576,82578],{},[49,82577,33178],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[230,82580,82581,82584],{},[49,82582,82583],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[230,82586,82587,82588,82590],{},"looping over ",[49,82589,2661],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82592,82593,82594,82597,82598,82600],{},"Be careful: ",[49,82595,82596],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[49,82599,6356],{}," loop consume the map object.",[37,82602,2220],{"id":2219},[487,82604,13061,82606,82608],{"id":82605},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[49,82607,39866],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82610,82611,82612,82614,82615,24077],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[49,82613,39866],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[49,82616,82617],{},"list(map(...))",[487,82619,15257,82621,82623,82624,82626],{"id":82620},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[49,82622,39866],{}," better than a ",[49,82625,6356],{}," loop?",[14,82628,82629,82630,82632,82633,82635],{},"Not always. ",[49,82631,39866],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[49,82634,6356],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[487,82637,5567,82639,82641],{"id":82638},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[49,82640,39866],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82643,82644],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[487,82646,82648],{"id":82647},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82650,82651],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[37,82653,2277],{"id":2276},[227,82655,82656,82662,82668,82672,82676],{},[230,82657,82658],{},[26,82659,3969,82660,3902],{"href":40235},[49,82661,37724],{},[230,82663,82664],{},[26,82665,3969,82666,3902],{"href":65006},[49,82667,24920],{},[230,82669,82670],{},[26,82671,5618],{"href":5528},[230,82673,82674],{},[26,82675,5623],{"href":4788},[230,82677,82678],{},[26,82679,5613],{"href":5532},[2315,82681,82682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":82684},[82685,82686,82688,82689,82690,82692,82697,82704,82706,82713,82714,82723],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":80260,"depth":70,"text":82687},"What map() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":80579,"depth":70,"text":82691},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80763,"depth":70,"text":82693,"children":82694},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82695],{"id":80951,"depth":98,"text":82696},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81108,"depth":70,"text":82698,"children":82699},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82700,82702,82703],{"id":81126,"depth":98,"text":82701},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81317,"depth":98,"text":81318},{"id":81410,"depth":98,"text":81411},{"id":81671,"depth":70,"text":82705},"When to use map()",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":82707},[82708,82710,82711,82712],{"id":81980,"depth":98,"text":82709},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82069,"depth":98,"text":82070},{"id":82190,"depth":98,"text":82191},{"id":82409,"depth":98,"text":82410},{"id":68053,"depth":70,"text":68054},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":82715},[82716,82718,82720,82722],{"id":82605,"depth":98,"text":82717},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82620,"depth":98,"text":82719},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82638,"depth":98,"text":82721},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82647,"depth":98,"text":82648},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80092,"description":82724},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82731,"title":82732,"body":82733,"description":84753,"extension":2357,"meta":84754,"navigation":141,"path":84755,"seo":84756,"stem":84757,"__hash__":84758},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82734,"toc":84711},[82735,82741,82746,82749,82757,82760,82762,82886,82888,82906,82908,82928,82933,82937,82951,82954,82957,82959,82964,83076,83079,83097,83103,83106,83168,83170,83179,83182,83196,83198,83246,83248,83257,83267,83273,83276,83303,83305,83313,83316,83319,83389,83391,83399,83402,83407,83412,83463,83465,83473,83476,83478,83495,83497,83549,83552,83558,83562,83567,83570,83574,83633,83635,83644,83650,83659,83663,83726,83728,83736,83741,83745,83750,83830,83832,83841,83848,83853,83858,83861,83896,83898,83906,83909,83915,83917,83967,83969,83978,83981,83999,84001,84006,84012,84019,84046,84048,84071,84076,84111,84116,84122,84127,84170,84173,84176,84215,84222,84228,84233,84248,84252,84259,84262,84266,84271,84275,84280,84282,84343,84345,84374,84379,84386,84395,84397,84400,84425,84427,84530,84533,84551,84560,84562,84567,84570,84576,84579,84581,84591,84597,84601,84659,84666,84674,84676,84708],[10,82736,3969,82738,3973],{"id":82737},"python-max-function-explained",[49,82739,82740],{},"max()",[14,82742,9518,82743,82745],{},[49,82744,82740],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82747,82748],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[227,82750,82751,82754],{},[230,82752,82753],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[230,82755,82756],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82758,82759],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[37,82761,40],{"id":39},[42,82763,82765],{"className":44,"code":82764,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[49,82766,82767,82791,82806,82810,82836,82840,82872],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82768,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82770,4012],{"class":58},[52,82772,63],{"class":62},[52,82774,4017],{"class":66},[52,82776,2457],{"class":110},[52,82778,193],{"class":66},[52,82780,6758],{"class":110},[52,82782,193],{"class":66},[52,82784,1570],{"class":110},[52,82786,193],{"class":66},[52,82788,5002],{"class":110},[52,82790,4030],{"class":66},[52,82792,82793,82795,82797,82800,82802,82804],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82794,149],{"class":148},[52,82796,152],{"class":66},[52,82798,82799],{"class":148},"max",[52,82801,152],{"class":66},[52,82803,1578],{"class":155},[52,82805,742],{"class":66},[52,82807,82808],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82809,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82811,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82832,82834],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,82813,149],{"class":148},[52,82815,152],{"class":66},[52,82817,82799],{"class":148},[52,82819,152],{"class":66},[52,82821,2457],{"class":110},[52,82823,193],{"class":66},[52,82825,6758],{"class":110},[52,82827,193],{"class":66},[52,82829,1570],{"class":110},[52,82831,193],{"class":66},[52,82833,5002],{"class":110},[52,82835,742],{"class":66},[52,82837,82838],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,82839,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,82841,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,82843,4465],{"class":58},[52,82845,63],{"class":62},[52,82847,4017],{"class":66},[52,82849,81],{"class":73},[52,82851,4474],{"class":77},[52,82853,81],{"class":73},[52,82855,193],{"class":66},[52,82857,87],{"class":73},[52,82859,4483],{"class":77},[52,82861,81],{"class":73},[52,82863,193],{"class":66},[52,82865,87],{"class":73},[52,82867,78903],{"class":77},[52,82869,81],{"class":73},[52,82871,4030],{"class":66},[52,82873,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,82875,149],{"class":148},[52,82877,152],{"class":66},[52,82879,82799],{"class":148},[52,82881,152],{"class":66},[52,82883,4509],{"class":155},[52,82885,742],{"class":66},[14,82887,164],{},[42,82889,82891],{"className":44,"code":82890,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"8\n8\npear\n",[49,82892,82893,82897,82901],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82894,82895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82896,2779],{"class":110},[52,82898,82899],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82900,2779],{"class":110},[52,82902,82903],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,82904,82905],{"class":58},"pear\n",[14,82907,20094],{},[227,82909,82910,82916,82922],{},[230,82911,82912,82915],{},[49,82913,82914],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[230,82917,82918,82921],{},[49,82919,82920],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[230,82923,82924,82927],{},[49,82925,82926],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[37,82929,4073,82931,4076],{"id":82930},"what-max-does",[49,82932,82740],{},[14,82934,82935,84],{},[49,82936,82740],{},[227,82938,82939,82942,82945,82948],{},[230,82940,82941],{},"Returns the largest item",[230,82943,82944],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[230,82946,82947],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[230,82949,82950],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82952,82953],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82955,82956],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[37,82958,2553],{"id":2552},[14,82960,82961,82962,84],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[49,82963,82740],{},[42,82965,82967],{"className":44,"code":82966,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[49,82968,82969,82979,83003,83025,83048],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,82970,82971,82973,82975,82977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82972,82799],{"class":148},[52,82974,152],{"class":66},[52,82976,4117],{"class":155},[52,82978,159],{"class":66},[52,82980,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82992,82994,82996,82998,83001],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,82982,82799],{"class":148},[52,82984,152],{"class":66},[52,82986,4117],{"class":155},[52,82988,193],{"class":66},[52,82990,82991],{"class":62}," *",[52,82993,193],{"class":66},[52,82995,21717],{"class":834},[52,82997,63],{"class":62},[52,82999,83000],{"class":155},"func",[52,83002,159],{"class":66},[52,83004,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,83006,82799],{"class":148},[52,83008,152],{"class":66},[52,83010,4117],{"class":155},[52,83012,193],{"class":66},[52,83014,82991],{"class":62},[52,83016,193],{"class":66},[52,83018,26663],{"class":834},[52,83020,63],{"class":62},[52,83022,263],{"class":155},[52,83024,159],{"class":66},[52,83026,83027,83029,83031,83034,83036,83039,83041,83043,83046],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,83028,82799],{"class":148},[52,83030,152],{"class":66},[52,83032,83033],{"class":155},"arg1",[52,83035,193],{"class":66},[52,83037,83038],{"class":155}," arg2",[52,83040,193],{"class":66},[52,83042,82991],{"class":62},[52,83044,83045],{"class":155},"args",[52,83047,159],{"class":66},[52,83049,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,83051,82799],{"class":148},[52,83053,152],{"class":66},[52,83055,83033],{"class":155},[52,83057,193],{"class":66},[52,83059,83038],{"class":155},[52,83061,193],{"class":66},[52,83063,82991],{"class":62},[52,83065,83045],{"class":155},[52,83067,193],{"class":66},[52,83069,21717],{"class":834},[52,83071,63],{"class":62},[52,83073,83000],{"class":155},[52,83075,159],{"class":66},[14,83077,83078],{},"The most important parts are:",[227,83080,83081,83086,83091],{},[230,83082,83083,83085],{},[49,83084,4117],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[230,83087,83088,83090],{},[49,83089,257],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[230,83092,83093,83096],{},[49,83094,83095],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[37,83098,8813,83100,83102],{"id":83099},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[49,83101,82740],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83104,83105],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[42,83107,83109],{"className":44,"code":83108,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[49,83110,83111,83137,83153,83157],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83112,83113,83115,83117,83119,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83114,1441],{"class":58},[52,83116,63],{"class":62},[52,83118,4017],{"class":66},[52,83120,83121],{"class":110},"72",[52,83123,193],{"class":66},[52,83125,51665],{"class":110},[52,83127,193],{"class":66},[52,83129,13863],{"class":110},[52,83131,193],{"class":66},[52,83133,83134],{"class":110}," 66",[52,83136,4030],{"class":66},[52,83138,83139,83142,83144,83147,83149,83151],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83140,83141],{"class":58},"highest_score ",[52,83143,63],{"class":62},[52,83145,83146],{"class":148}," max",[52,83148,152],{"class":66},[52,83150,1508],{"class":155},[52,83152,159],{"class":66},[52,83154,83155],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,83156,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,83158,83159,83161,83163,83166],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,83160,149],{"class":148},[52,83162,152],{"class":66},[52,83164,83165],{"class":155},"highest_score",[52,83167,159],{"class":66},[14,83169,164],{},[42,83171,83173],{"className":44,"code":83172,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"91\n",[49,83174,83175],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83176,83177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83178,83172],{"class":110},[14,83180,83181],{},"This works well for:",[227,83183,83184,83187,83190,83193],{},[230,83185,83186],{},"Scores",[230,83188,83189],{},"Prices",[230,83191,83192],{},"Ages",[230,83194,83195],{},"Counts",[14,83197,52235],{},[42,83199,83201],{"className":44,"code":83200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[49,83202,83203,83231],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83204,83205,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83219,83221,83224,83226,83229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83206,83207],{"class":58},"prices ",[52,83209,63],{"class":62},[52,83211,4017],{"class":66},[52,83213,40548],{"class":110},[52,83215,193],{"class":66},[52,83217,83218],{"class":110}," 5.50",[52,83220,193],{"class":66},[52,83222,83223],{"class":110}," 12.75",[52,83225,193],{"class":66},[52,83227,83228],{"class":110}," 29.00",[52,83230,4030],{"class":66},[52,83232,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83244],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83234,149],{"class":148},[52,83236,152],{"class":66},[52,83238,82799],{"class":148},[52,83240,152],{"class":66},[52,83242,83243],{"class":155},"prices",[52,83245,742],{"class":66},[14,83247,164],{},[42,83249,83251],{"className":44,"code":83250,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"29.0\n",[49,83252,83253],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83254,83255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83256,83250],{"class":110},[14,83258,83259,83260,83262,83263,35],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[49,83261,82740],{}," is simpler than ",[26,83264,83265],{"href":74680},[49,83266,74583],{},[37,83268,8813,83270,83272],{"id":83269},"using-max-with-separate-values",[49,83271,82740],{}," with separate values",[14,83274,83275],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[42,83277,83279],{"className":44,"code":83278,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[49,83280,83281],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83282,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83284,149],{"class":148},[52,83286,152],{"class":66},[52,83288,82799],{"class":148},[52,83290,152],{"class":66},[52,83292,2903],{"class":110},[52,83294,193],{"class":66},[52,83296,31085],{"class":110},[52,83298,193],{"class":66},[52,83300,6392],{"class":110},[52,83302,742],{"class":66},[14,83304,164],{},[42,83306,83307],{"className":44,"code":2621,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,83308,83309],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83310,83311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83312,2621],{"class":110},[14,83314,83315],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83317,83318],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[42,83320,83322],{"className":44,"code":83321,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[49,83323,83324,83333,83341,83351,83355,83378],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83325,83326,83328,83330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83327,2953],{"class":58},[52,83329,63],{"class":62},[52,83331,83332],{"class":110}," 15\n",[52,83334,83335,83337,83339],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83336,2981],{"class":58},[52,83338,63],{"class":62},[52,83340,3168],{"class":110},[52,83342,83343,83346,83348],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,83344,83345],{"class":58},"c ",[52,83347,63],{"class":62},[52,83349,83350],{"class":110}," 27\n",[52,83352,83353],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,83354,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,83356,83357,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,83358,83359],{"class":58},"largest ",[52,83361,63],{"class":62},[52,83363,83146],{"class":148},[52,83365,152],{"class":66},[52,83367,26],{"class":155},[52,83369,193],{"class":66},[52,83371,2958],{"class":155},[52,83373,193],{"class":66},[52,83375,10053],{"class":155},[52,83377,159],{"class":66},[52,83379,83380,83382,83384,83387],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,83381,149],{"class":148},[52,83383,152],{"class":66},[52,83385,83386],{"class":155},"largest",[52,83388,159],{"class":66},[14,83390,164],{},[42,83392,83393],{"className":44,"code":46765,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,83394,83395],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83396,83397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83398,46765],{"class":110},[14,83400,83401],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[37,83403,8813,83405,47212],{"id":83404},"using-max-with-strings",[49,83406,82740],{},[14,83408,83409,83411],{},[49,83410,82740],{}," can compare strings too.",[42,83413,83415],{"className":44,"code":83414,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[49,83416,83417,83449],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83418,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83420,4465],{"class":58},[52,83422,63],{"class":62},[52,83424,4017],{"class":66},[52,83426,81],{"class":73},[52,83428,4474],{"class":77},[52,83430,81],{"class":73},[52,83432,193],{"class":66},[52,83434,87],{"class":73},[52,83436,4483],{"class":77},[52,83438,81],{"class":73},[52,83440,193],{"class":66},[52,83442,87],{"class":73},[52,83444,78903],{"class":77},[52,83446,81],{"class":73},[52,83448,4030],{"class":66},[52,83450,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83452,149],{"class":148},[52,83454,152],{"class":66},[52,83456,82799],{"class":148},[52,83458,152],{"class":66},[52,83460,4509],{"class":155},[52,83462,742],{"class":66},[14,83464,164],{},[42,83466,83467],{"className":44,"code":82905,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,83468,83469],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83470,83471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83472,82905],{"class":58},[14,83474,83475],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83477,68442],{},[227,83479,83480,83489,83492],{},[230,83481,83482,83485,83486,83488],{},[49,83483,83484],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[49,83487,65433],{}," alphabetically",[230,83490,83491],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[230,83493,83494],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83496,511],{},[42,83498,83500],{"className":44,"code":83499,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[49,83501,83502,83535],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83503,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83505,4465],{"class":58},[52,83507,63],{"class":62},[52,83509,4017],{"class":66},[52,83511,81],{"class":73},[52,83513,4474],{"class":77},[52,83515,81],{"class":73},[52,83517,193],{"class":66},[52,83519,87],{"class":73},[52,83521,83522],{"class":77},"Banana",[52,83524,81],{"class":73},[52,83526,193],{"class":66},[52,83528,87],{"class":73},[52,83530,78903],{"class":77},[52,83532,81],{"class":73},[52,83534,4030],{"class":66},[52,83536,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83538,149],{"class":148},[52,83540,152],{"class":66},[52,83542,82799],{"class":148},[52,83544,152],{"class":66},[52,83546,4509],{"class":155},[52,83548,742],{"class":66},[14,83550,83551],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83553,83554,83555,83557],{},"You can fix that with the ",[49,83556,257],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[37,83559,36760,83560,36763],{"id":78861},[49,83561,257],{},[14,83563,2374,83564,83566],{},[49,83565,257],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83568,83569],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[487,83571,83573],{"id":83572},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[42,83575,83577],{"className":44,"code":83576,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[49,83578,83579,83611],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83580,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83582,4465],{"class":58},[52,83584,63],{"class":62},[52,83586,4017],{"class":66},[52,83588,81],{"class":73},[52,83590,37195],{"class":77},[52,83592,81],{"class":73},[52,83594,193],{"class":66},[52,83596,87],{"class":73},[52,83598,68485],{"class":77},[52,83600,81],{"class":73},[52,83602,193],{"class":66},[52,83604,87],{"class":73},[52,83606,58284],{"class":77},[52,83608,81],{"class":73},[52,83610,4030],{"class":66},[52,83612,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83614,149],{"class":148},[52,83616,152],{"class":66},[52,83618,82799],{"class":148},[52,83620,152],{"class":66},[52,83622,4509],{"class":155},[52,83624,193],{"class":66},[52,83626,21717],{"class":834},[52,83628,63],{"class":62},[52,83630,2082],{"class":148},[52,83632,742],{"class":66},[14,83634,164],{},[42,83636,83638],{"className":44,"code":83637,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"elephant\n",[49,83639,83640],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83641,83642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83643,83637],{"class":58},[14,83645,20908,83646,83649],{},[49,83647,83648],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83651,83652,83653,33772,83655,35],{},"If you are new to ",[49,83654,42512],{},[26,83656,83657,6181],{"href":42509},[49,83658,42512],{},[487,83660,83662],{"id":83661},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[42,83664,83666],{"className":44,"code":83665,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[49,83667,83668,83700],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83669,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83671,4465],{"class":58},[52,83673,63],{"class":62},[52,83675,4017],{"class":66},[52,83677,81],{"class":73},[52,83679,4474],{"class":77},[52,83681,81],{"class":73},[52,83683,193],{"class":66},[52,83685,87],{"class":73},[52,83687,83522],{"class":77},[52,83689,81],{"class":73},[52,83691,193],{"class":66},[52,83693,87],{"class":73},[52,83695,78903],{"class":77},[52,83697,81],{"class":73},[52,83699,4030],{"class":66},[52,83701,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83703,149],{"class":148},[52,83705,152],{"class":66},[52,83707,82799],{"class":148},[52,83709,152],{"class":66},[52,83711,4509],{"class":155},[52,83713,193],{"class":66},[52,83715,21717],{"class":834},[52,83717,63],{"class":62},[52,83719,3836],{"class":646},[52,83721,35],{"class":66},[52,83723,9037],{"class":24889},[52,83725,742],{"class":66},[14,83727,164],{},[42,83729,83730],{"className":44,"code":82905,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,83731,83732],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83733,83734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83735,82905],{"class":58},[14,83737,20908,83738,83740],{},[49,83739,78857],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[487,83742,83744],{"id":83743},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83746,83747,83748,84],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[49,83749,37808],{},[42,83751,83753],{"className":44,"code":83752,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[49,83754,83755,83798],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83756,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83776,83778,83780,83782,83785,83787,83789,83791,83794,83796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83758,8175],{"class":58},[52,83760,63],{"class":62},[52,83762,4017],{"class":66},[52,83764,81],{"class":73},[52,83766,26],{"class":77},[52,83768,81],{"class":73},[52,83770,193],{"class":66},[52,83772,87],{"class":73},[52,83774,83775],{"class":77},"bb",[52,83777,81],{"class":73},[52,83779,193],{"class":66},[52,83781,87],{"class":73},[52,83783,83784],{"class":77},"cccc",[52,83786,81],{"class":73},[52,83788,193],{"class":66},[52,83790,87],{"class":73},[52,83792,83793],{"class":77},"ddd",[52,83795,81],{"class":73},[52,83797,4030],{"class":66},[52,83799,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83801,149],{"class":148},[52,83803,152],{"class":66},[52,83805,82799],{"class":148},[52,83807,152],{"class":66},[52,83809,8204],{"class":155},[52,83811,193],{"class":66},[52,83813,21717],{"class":834},[52,83815,63],{"class":62},[52,83817,37808],{"class":774},[52,83819,42993],{"class":37811},[52,83821,84],{"class":66},[52,83823,38535],{"class":148},[52,83825,152],{"class":66},[52,83827,34853],{"class":155},[52,83829,1291],{"class":66},[14,83831,164],{},[42,83833,83835],{"className":44,"code":83834,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"cccc\n",[49,83836,83837],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83838,83839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83840,83834],{"class":58},[14,83842,49704,83843,2262,83845,83847],{},[49,83844,83648],{},[49,83846,78744],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[37,83849,36760,83851,36763],{"id":83850},"using-the-default-argument",[49,83852,83095],{},[14,83854,2374,83855,83857],{},[49,83856,83095],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83859,83860],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[42,83862,83864],{"className":44,"code":83863,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[49,83865,83866,83874],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83867,83868,83870,83872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83869,4012],{"class":58},[52,83871,63],{"class":62},[52,83873,8233],{"class":66},[52,83875,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892,83894],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83877,149],{"class":148},[52,83879,152],{"class":66},[52,83881,82799],{"class":148},[52,83883,152],{"class":66},[52,83885,1578],{"class":155},[52,83887,193],{"class":66},[52,83889,26663],{"class":834},[52,83891,63],{"class":62},[52,83893,2514],{"class":110},[52,83895,742],{"class":66},[14,83897,164],{},[42,83899,83900],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,83901,83902],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83903,83904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83905,47405],{"class":110},[14,83907,83908],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83910,83911,83912,83914],{},"Without ",[49,83913,83095],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83916,52235],{},[42,83918,83920],{"className":44,"code":83919,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[49,83921,83922,83930,83957],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83923,83924,83926,83928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83925,4465],{"class":58},[52,83927,63],{"class":62},[52,83929,8233],{"class":66},[52,83931,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948,83950,83953,83955],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,83933,2626],{"class":58},[52,83935,63],{"class":62},[52,83937,83146],{"class":148},[52,83939,152],{"class":66},[52,83941,4509],{"class":155},[52,83943,193],{"class":66},[52,83945,26663],{"class":834},[52,83947,63],{"class":62},[52,83949,81],{"class":73},[52,83951,83952],{"class":77},"no words found",[52,83954,81],{"class":73},[52,83956,159],{"class":66},[52,83958,83959,83961,83963,83965],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,83960,149],{"class":148},[52,83962,152],{"class":66},[52,83964,2661],{"class":155},[52,83966,159],{"class":66},[14,83968,164],{},[42,83970,83972],{"className":44,"code":83971,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"no words found\n",[49,83973,83974],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,83975,83976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83977,83971],{"class":58},[14,83979,83980],{},"Important:",[227,83982,83983,83991],{},[230,83984,83985,83987,83988],{},[49,83986,83095],{}," works with ",[49,83989,83990],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[230,83992,41056,83993,83995,83996],{},[18,83994,1006],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[49,83997,83998],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[37,84000,48140],{"id":48139},[14,84002,84003,84004,35],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[49,84005,82740],{},[487,84007,84009,84011],{"id":84008},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[49,84010,40854],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,84013,84014,84015,46061,84017,35],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[49,84016,83095],{},[49,84018,40854],{},[42,84020,84022],{"className":44,"code":84021,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[49,84023,84024,84032],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84025,84026,84028,84030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84027,4012],{"class":58},[52,84029,63],{"class":62},[52,84031,8233],{"class":66},[52,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84035,149],{"class":148},[52,84037,152],{"class":66},[52,84039,82799],{"class":148},[52,84041,152],{"class":66},[52,84043,1578],{"class":155},[52,84045,742],{"class":66},[14,84047,29822],{},[42,84049,84051],{"className":44,"code":84050,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[49,84052,84053],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84054,84055,84057,84059,84061,84063,84066,84068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84056,40854],{"class":646},[52,84058,84],{"class":66},[52,84060,83146],{"class":148},[52,84062,7762],{"class":66},[52,84064,84065],{"class":58}," arg ",[52,84067,12551],{"class":62},[52,84069,84070],{"class":58}," an empty sequence\n",[14,84072,84073,84074,84],{},"Fix it by using ",[49,84075,83095],{},[42,84077,84079],{"className":44,"code":84078,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[49,84080,84081,84089],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84082,84083,84085,84087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84084,4012],{"class":58},[52,84086,63],{"class":62},[52,84088,8233],{"class":66},[52,84090,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84092,149],{"class":148},[52,84094,152],{"class":66},[52,84096,82799],{"class":148},[52,84098,152],{"class":66},[52,84100,1578],{"class":155},[52,84102,193],{"class":66},[52,84104,26663],{"class":834},[52,84106,63],{"class":62},[52,84108,4175],{"class":128},[52,84110,742],{"class":66},[14,84112,84113,84114,35],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[26,84115,65998],{"href":73037},[487,84117,84119,84121],{"id":84118},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[49,84120,3401],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84123,84124,84125,35],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[49,84126,3401],{},[42,84128,84130],{"className":44,"code":84129,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[49,84131,84132,84156],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84133,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84135,8175],{"class":58},[52,84137,63],{"class":62},[52,84139,4017],{"class":66},[52,84141,2728],{"class":110},[52,84143,193],{"class":66},[52,84145,87],{"class":73},[52,84147,852],{"class":77},[52,84149,81],{"class":73},[52,84151,193],{"class":66},[52,84153,1929],{"class":110},[52,84155,4030],{"class":66},[52,84157,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84159,149],{"class":148},[52,84161,152],{"class":66},[52,84163,82799],{"class":148},[52,84165,152],{"class":66},[52,84167,8204],{"class":155},[52,84169,742],{"class":66},[14,84171,84172],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84174,84175],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[42,84177,84179],{"className":44,"code":84178,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[49,84180,84181,84201],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84182,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84184,8175],{"class":58},[52,84186,63],{"class":62},[52,84188,4017],{"class":66},[52,84190,2728],{"class":110},[52,84192,193],{"class":66},[52,84194,111],{"class":110},[52,84196,193],{"class":66},[52,84198,1929],{"class":110},[52,84200,4030],{"class":66},[52,84202,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84204,149],{"class":148},[52,84206,152],{"class":66},[52,84208,82799],{"class":148},[52,84210,152],{"class":66},[52,84212,8204],{"class":155},[52,84214,742],{"class":66},[14,84216,84217,84218,35],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[26,84219,84221],{"href":84220},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[487,84223,84225,84227],{"id":84224},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[49,84226,3401],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84229,84230,84232],{},[49,84231,82740],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[42,84234,84236],{"className":44,"code":84235,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(max())\n",[49,84237,84238],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84239,84240,84242,84244,84246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84241,149],{"class":148},[52,84243,152],{"class":66},[52,84245,82799],{"class":148},[52,84247,2058],{"class":66},[14,84249,3398,84250,35],{},[49,84251,3401],{},[37,84253,84255,10954,84257],{"id":84254},"max-vs-sorted",[49,84256,82740],{},[49,84258,74583],{},[14,84260,84261],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84263,84264,84],{},[49,84265,82740],{},[227,84267,84268],{},[230,84269,84270],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84272,84273,84],{},[49,84274,74583],{},[227,84276,84277],{},[230,84278,84279],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84281,511],{},[42,84283,84285],{"className":44,"code":84284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[49,84286,84287,84311,84315,84329],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84288,84289,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84290,4012],{"class":58},[52,84292,63],{"class":62},[52,84294,4017],{"class":66},[52,84296,2457],{"class":110},[52,84298,193],{"class":66},[52,84300,6758],{"class":110},[52,84302,193],{"class":66},[52,84304,1570],{"class":110},[52,84306,193],{"class":66},[52,84308,5002],{"class":110},[52,84310,4030],{"class":66},[52,84312,84313],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84314,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,84316,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,84318,149],{"class":148},[52,84320,152],{"class":66},[52,84322,82799],{"class":148},[52,84324,152],{"class":66},[52,84326,1578],{"class":155},[52,84328,742],{"class":66},[52,84330,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,84332,149],{"class":148},[52,84334,152],{"class":66},[52,84336,74673],{"class":148},[52,84338,152],{"class":66},[52,84340,1578],{"class":155},[52,84342,742],{"class":66},[14,84344,164],{},[42,84346,84348],{"className":44,"code":84347,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[49,84349,84350,84354],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84351,84352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84353,2779],{"class":110},[52,84355,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84357,1709],{"class":66},[52,84359,2451],{"class":110},[52,84361,193],{"class":66},[52,84363,2850],{"class":110},[52,84365,193],{"class":66},[52,84367,5002],{"class":110},[52,84369,193],{"class":66},[52,84371,6758],{"class":110},[52,84373,4030],{"class":66},[14,84375,340,84376,84378],{},[49,84377,82740],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84380,340,84381,84385],{},[26,84382,84383],{"href":74680},[49,84384,74583],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84387,84388,84389,35],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[26,84390,84392],{"href":84391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[49,84393,84394],{},"min()",[37,84396,1743],{"id":1742},[14,84398,84399],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[227,84401,84402,84409,84412,84417,84420],{},[230,84403,29791,84404,84406,84407],{},[49,84405,82740],{}," on an empty list without ",[49,84408,83095],{},[230,84410,84411],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[230,84413,8849,84414,84416],{},[49,84415,82740],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[230,84418,84419],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[230,84421,8813,84422,84424],{},[49,84423,83095],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84426,11477],{},[42,84428,84430],{"className":44,"code":84429,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[49,84431,84432,84442,84456,84470,84484,84506],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84433,84434,84436,84438,84440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84435,149],{"class":148},[52,84437,152],{"class":66},[52,84439,8204],{"class":155},[52,84441,159],{"class":66},[52,84443,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84445,149],{"class":148},[52,84447,152],{"class":66},[52,84449,734],{"class":646},[52,84451,152],{"class":66},[52,84453,8204],{"class":155},[52,84455,742],{"class":66},[52,84457,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466,84468],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,84459,149],{"class":148},[52,84461,152],{"class":66},[52,84463,2082],{"class":148},[52,84465,152],{"class":66},[52,84467,8204],{"class":155},[52,84469,742],{"class":66},[52,84471,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,84473,149],{"class":148},[52,84475,152],{"class":66},[52,84477,82799],{"class":148},[52,84479,152],{"class":66},[52,84481,8204],{"class":155},[52,84483,742],{"class":66},[52,84485,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,84487,149],{"class":148},[52,84489,152],{"class":66},[52,84491,82799],{"class":148},[52,84493,152],{"class":66},[52,84495,8204],{"class":155},[52,84497,193],{"class":66},[52,84499,26663],{"class":834},[52,84501,63],{"class":62},[52,84503,4175],{"class":128},[52,84505,742],{"class":66},[52,84507,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,84509,149],{"class":148},[52,84511,2152],{"class":66},[52,84513,734],{"class":646},[52,84515,152],{"class":66},[52,84517,2570],{"class":155},[52,84519,4056],{"class":66},[52,84521,4273],{"class":4272},[52,84523,4276],{"class":155},[52,84525,4279],{"class":4272},[52,84527,6364],{"class":155},[52,84529,1718],{"class":66},[14,84531,84532],{},"These are useful for checking:",[227,84534,84535,84540,84545,84548],{},[230,84536,84537,84538],{},"What is actually inside ",[49,84539,8204],{},[230,84541,79910,84542,84544],{},[49,84543,8204],{}," is a list or some other type",[230,84546,84547],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[230,84549,84550],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84552,69506,84553,84556,84557,84559],{},[49,84554,84555],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[49,84558,8204],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[37,84561,2220],{"id":2219},[487,84563,5539,84565,5542],{"id":84564},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[49,84566,82740],{},[14,84568,84569],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[487,84571,5567,84573,84575],{"id":84572},"can-max-work-with-strings",[49,84574,82740],{}," work with strings?",[14,84577,84578],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[487,84580,71805],{"id":71804},[14,84582,84583,52650,84585,84587,84588,84590],{},[49,84584,82740],{},[49,84586,40854],{}," unless you use the ",[49,84589,83095],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[487,84592,84594,84595,2265],{"id":84593},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[49,84596,82740],{},[14,84598,340,84599,84],{},[49,84600,83648],{},[42,84602,84603],{"className":44,"code":83576,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,84604,84605,84637],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84606,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84608,4465],{"class":58},[52,84610,63],{"class":62},[52,84612,4017],{"class":66},[52,84614,81],{"class":73},[52,84616,37195],{"class":77},[52,84618,81],{"class":73},[52,84620,193],{"class":66},[52,84622,87],{"class":73},[52,84624,68485],{"class":77},[52,84626,81],{"class":73},[52,84628,193],{"class":66},[52,84630,87],{"class":73},[52,84632,58284],{"class":77},[52,84634,81],{"class":73},[52,84636,4030],{"class":66},[52,84638,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84640,149],{"class":148},[52,84642,152],{"class":66},[52,84644,82799],{"class":148},[52,84646,152],{"class":66},[52,84648,4509],{"class":155},[52,84650,193],{"class":66},[52,84652,21717],{"class":834},[52,84654,63],{"class":62},[52,84656,2082],{"class":148},[52,84658,742],{"class":66},[487,84660,2259,84662,2262,84664,2265],{"id":84661},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[49,84663,82740],{},[49,84665,74583],{},[14,84667,84668,84670,84671,84673],{},[49,84669,82740],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":84712},[84713,84714,84716,84717,84719,84721,84723,84728,84730,84738,84740,84741,84752],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":82930,"depth":70,"text":84715},"What max() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":83099,"depth":70,"text":84718},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83269,"depth":70,"text":84720},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83404,"depth":70,"text":84722},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78861,"depth":70,"text":80059,"children":84724},[84725,84726,84727],{"id":83572,"depth":98,"text":83573},{"id":83661,"depth":98,"text":83662},{"id":83743,"depth":98,"text":83744},{"id":83850,"depth":70,"text":84729},"Using the default argument",{"id":48139,"depth":70,"text":48140,"children":84731},[84732,84734,84736],{"id":84008,"depth":98,"text":84733},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84118,"depth":98,"text":84735},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84224,"depth":98,"text":84737},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84254,"depth":70,"text":84739},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":84742},[84743,84745,84747,84748,84750],{"id":84564,"depth":98,"text":84744},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84572,"depth":98,"text":84746},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71804,"depth":98,"text":71805},{"id":84593,"depth":98,"text":84749},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84661,"depth":98,"text":84751},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82732,"description":84753},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84760,"title":84761,"body":84762,"description":86716,"extension":2357,"meta":86717,"navigation":141,"path":86718,"seo":86719,"stem":86720,"__hash__":86721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84763,"toc":86673},[84764,84769,84774,84780,84782,84856,84858,84871,84876,84881,84897,84901,84906,84982,84988,84991,85034,85036,85044,85050,85053,85084,85086,85094,85100,85105,85164,85166,85175,85178,85188,85194,85199,85234,85236,85244,85250,85256,85261,85305,85307,85316,85319,85359,85361,85370,85373,85385,85390,85395,85446,85448,85457,85460,85511,85513,85522,85525,85532,85538,85543,85545,85560,85564,85624,85626,85635,85639,85811,85813,85850,85857,85863,85866,85893,85895,85916,85921,85956,85958,85966,85969,85972,85988,85993,85995,85999,86005,86009,86036,86039,86049,86089,86093,86096,86139,86141,86150,86153,86158,86227,86229,86237,86242,86246,86249,86300,86302,86310,86313,86376,86378,86386,86389,86394,86398,86411,86418,86426,86428,86430,86460,86466,86567,86577,86579,86584,86587,86592,86595,86597,86605,86613,86621,86628,86636,86638,86670],[10,84765,3969,84767,3973],{"id":84766},"python-min-function-explained",[49,84768,84394],{},[14,84770,84771,84773],{},[49,84772,84394],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84775,84776,84777,84779],{},"This page explains what ",[49,84778,84394],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[37,84781,40],{"id":39},[42,84783,84785],{"className":44,"code":84784,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[49,84786,84787,84811,84826,84830],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84788,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84790,4012],{"class":58},[52,84792,63],{"class":62},[52,84794,4017],{"class":66},[52,84796,2531],{"class":110},[52,84798,193],{"class":66},[52,84800,1570],{"class":110},[52,84802,193],{"class":66},[52,84804,54292],{"class":110},[52,84806,193],{"class":66},[52,84808,5895],{"class":110},[52,84810,4030],{"class":66},[52,84812,84813,84815,84817,84820,84822,84824],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84814,149],{"class":148},[52,84816,152],{"class":66},[52,84818,84819],{"class":148},"min",[52,84821,152],{"class":66},[52,84823,1578],{"class":155},[52,84825,742],{"class":66},[52,84827,84828],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,84829,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,84831,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,84833,149],{"class":148},[52,84835,152],{"class":66},[52,84837,84819],{"class":148},[52,84839,152],{"class":66},[52,84841,2531],{"class":110},[52,84843,193],{"class":66},[52,84845,1570],{"class":110},[52,84847,193],{"class":66},[52,84849,54292],{"class":110},[52,84851,193],{"class":66},[52,84853,5895],{"class":110},[52,84855,742],{"class":66},[14,84857,164],{},[42,84859,84861],{"className":44,"code":84860,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1\n1\n",[49,84862,84863,84867],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84864,84865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84866,47070],{"class":110},[52,84868,84869],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84870,47070],{"class":110},[14,84872,340,84873,84875],{},[49,84874,84394],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[37,84877,4073,84879,4076],{"id":84878},"what-min-does",[49,84880,84394],{},[227,84882,84883,84888,84891,84894],{},[230,84884,84885,84887],{},[49,84886,84394],{}," returns the smallest item",[230,84889,84890],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[230,84892,84893],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[230,84895,84896],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[37,84898,84900],{"id":84899},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84902,84903,84904,84],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[49,84905,84394],{},[42,84907,84909],{"className":44,"code":84908,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[49,84910,84911,84921,84946,84964],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84912,84913,84915,84917,84919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84914,84819],{"class":148},[52,84916,152],{"class":66},[52,84918,4117],{"class":155},[52,84920,159],{"class":66},[52,84922,84923,84925,84927,84930,84932,84935,84937,84940,84942,84944],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,84924,84819],{"class":148},[52,84926,152],{"class":66},[52,84928,84929],{"class":155},"value1",[52,84931,193],{"class":66},[52,84933,84934],{"class":155}," value2",[52,84936,193],{"class":66},[52,84938,84939],{"class":155}," value3",[52,84941,193],{"class":66},[52,84943,34598],{"class":148},[52,84945,159],{"class":66},[52,84947,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,84949,84819],{"class":148},[52,84951,152],{"class":66},[52,84953,4117],{"class":155},[52,84955,193],{"class":66},[52,84957,21717],{"class":834},[52,84959,63],{"class":62},[52,84961,37519],{"class":148},[52,84963,159],{"class":66},[52,84965,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,84967,84819],{"class":148},[52,84969,152],{"class":66},[52,84971,4117],{"class":155},[52,84973,193],{"class":66},[52,84975,26663],{"class":834},[52,84977,63],{"class":62},[52,84979,37519],{"class":148},[52,84981,159],{"class":66},[487,84983,84985],{"id":84984},"miniterable",[49,84986,84987],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84989,84990],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[42,84992,84994],{"className":44,"code":84993,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[49,84995,84996,85020],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,84997,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84999,4012],{"class":58},[52,85001,63],{"class":62},[52,85003,4017],{"class":66},[52,85005,2743],{"class":110},[52,85007,193],{"class":66},[52,85009,2850],{"class":110},[52,85011,193],{"class":66},[52,85013,31085],{"class":110},[52,85015,193],{"class":66},[52,85017,5895],{"class":110},[52,85019,4030],{"class":66},[52,85021,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85023,149],{"class":148},[52,85025,152],{"class":66},[52,85027,84819],{"class":148},[52,85029,152],{"class":66},[52,85031,1578],{"class":155},[52,85033,742],{"class":66},[14,85035,164],{},[42,85037,85038],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,85039,85040],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85041,85042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85043,47070],{"class":110},[487,85045,85047],{"id":85046},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[49,85048,85049],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,85051,85052],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[42,85054,85056],{"className":44,"code":85055,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[49,85057,85058],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85059,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85061,149],{"class":148},[52,85063,152],{"class":66},[52,85065,84819],{"class":148},[52,85067,152],{"class":66},[52,85069,2743],{"class":110},[52,85071,193],{"class":66},[52,85073,2850],{"class":110},[52,85075,193],{"class":66},[52,85077,31085],{"class":110},[52,85079,193],{"class":66},[52,85081,5895],{"class":110},[52,85083,742],{"class":66},[14,85085,164],{},[42,85087,85088],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,85089,85090],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85091,85092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85093,47070],{"class":110},[487,85095,85097],{"id":85096},"miniterable-key",[49,85098,85099],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85101,340,85102,85104],{},[49,85103,257],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[42,85106,85108],{"className":44,"code":85107,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[49,85109,85110,85142],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85111,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85113,4465],{"class":58},[52,85115,63],{"class":62},[52,85117,4017],{"class":66},[52,85119,81],{"class":73},[52,85121,78903],{"class":77},[52,85123,81],{"class":73},[52,85125,193],{"class":66},[52,85127,87],{"class":73},[52,85129,38490],{"class":77},[52,85131,81],{"class":73},[52,85133,193],{"class":66},[52,85135,87],{"class":73},[52,85137,4483],{"class":77},[52,85139,81],{"class":73},[52,85141,4030],{"class":66},[52,85143,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85145,149],{"class":148},[52,85147,152],{"class":66},[52,85149,84819],{"class":148},[52,85151,152],{"class":66},[52,85153,4509],{"class":155},[52,85155,193],{"class":66},[52,85157,21717],{"class":834},[52,85159,63],{"class":62},[52,85161,2082],{"class":148},[52,85163,742],{"class":66},[14,85165,164],{},[42,85167,85169],{"className":44,"code":85168,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"kiwi\n",[49,85170,85171],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85172,85173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85174,85168],{"class":58},[14,85176,85177],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85179,85180,85181,85183,85184,35],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[49,85182,42512],{},", see the ",[26,85185,85186,3902],{"href":42509},[49,85187,42512],{},[487,85189,85191],{"id":85190},"miniterable-default",[49,85192,85193],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85195,340,85196,85198],{},[49,85197,83095],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[42,85200,85202],{"className":44,"code":85201,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[49,85203,85204,85212],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85205,85206,85208,85210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85207,4012],{"class":58},[52,85209,63],{"class":62},[52,85211,8233],{"class":66},[52,85213,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85215,149],{"class":148},[52,85217,152],{"class":66},[52,85219,84819],{"class":148},[52,85221,152],{"class":66},[52,85223,1578],{"class":155},[52,85225,193],{"class":66},[52,85227,26663],{"class":834},[52,85229,63],{"class":62},[52,85231,2514],{"class":110},[52,85233,742],{"class":66},[14,85235,164],{},[42,85237,85238],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,85239,85240],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85241,85242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85243,47405],{"class":110},[14,85245,85246,85247,85249],{},"This avoids a ",[49,85248,40854],{}," when there is no item to return.",[37,85251,8813,85253,85255],{"id":85252},"using-min-with-numbers",[49,85254,84394],{}," with numbers",[14,85257,85258,85260],{},[49,85259,84394],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[42,85262,85264],{"className":44,"code":85263,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[49,85265,85266,85291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85267,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85269,1441],{"class":58},[52,85271,63],{"class":62},[52,85273,4017],{"class":66},[52,85275,51660],{"class":110},[52,85277,193],{"class":66},[52,85279,85280],{"class":110}," 72",[52,85282,193],{"class":66},[52,85284,29047],{"class":110},[52,85286,193],{"class":66},[52,85288,76259],{"class":110},[52,85290,4030],{"class":66},[52,85292,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85294,149],{"class":148},[52,85296,152],{"class":66},[52,85298,84819],{"class":148},[52,85300,152],{"class":66},[52,85302,1508],{"class":155},[52,85304,742],{"class":66},[14,85306,164],{},[42,85308,85310],{"className":44,"code":85309,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"60\n",[49,85311,85312],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85313,85314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85315,85309],{"class":110},[14,85317,85318],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[42,85320,85322],{"className":44,"code":85321,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[49,85323,85324,85345],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85325,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85339,85341,85343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85327,83207],{"class":58},[52,85329,63],{"class":62},[52,85331,4017],{"class":66},[52,85333,40548],{"class":110},[52,85335,193],{"class":66},[52,85337,85338],{"class":110}," 5.49",[52,85340,193],{"class":66},[52,85342,83223],{"class":110},[52,85344,4030],{"class":66},[52,85346,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85348,149],{"class":148},[52,85350,152],{"class":66},[52,85352,84819],{"class":148},[52,85354,152],{"class":66},[52,85356,83243],{"class":155},[52,85358,742],{"class":66},[14,85360,164],{},[42,85362,85364],{"className":44,"code":85363,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5.49\n",[49,85365,85366],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85367,85368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85369,85363],{"class":110},[14,85371,85372],{},"This is useful for things like:",[227,85374,85375,85377,85379,85382],{},[230,85376,1508],{},[230,85378,83243],{},[230,85380,85381],{},"measurements",[230,85383,85384],{},"ages",[37,85386,8813,85388,47212],{"id":85387},"using-min-with-strings",[49,85389,84394],{},[14,85391,85392,85394],{},[49,85393,84394],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[42,85396,85398],{"className":44,"code":85397,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[49,85399,85400,85432],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85401,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85403,4465],{"class":58},[52,85405,63],{"class":62},[52,85407,4017],{"class":66},[52,85409,81],{"class":73},[52,85411,4483],{"class":77},[52,85413,81],{"class":73},[52,85415,193],{"class":66},[52,85417,87],{"class":73},[52,85419,4474],{"class":77},[52,85421,81],{"class":73},[52,85423,193],{"class":66},[52,85425,87],{"class":73},[52,85427,4492],{"class":77},[52,85429,81],{"class":73},[52,85431,4030],{"class":66},[52,85433,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85435,149],{"class":148},[52,85437,152],{"class":66},[52,85439,84819],{"class":148},[52,85441,152],{"class":66},[52,85443,4509],{"class":155},[52,85445,742],{"class":66},[14,85447,164],{},[42,85449,85451],{"className":44,"code":85450,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"apple\n",[49,85452,85453],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85454,85455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85456,85450],{"class":58},[14,85458,85459],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[42,85461,85463],{"className":44,"code":85462,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[49,85464,85465,85497],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85466,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85468,4465],{"class":58},[52,85470,63],{"class":62},[52,85472,4017],{"class":66},[52,85474,81],{"class":73},[52,85476,4483],{"class":77},[52,85478,81],{"class":73},[52,85480,193],{"class":66},[52,85482,87],{"class":73},[52,85484,57925],{"class":77},[52,85486,81],{"class":73},[52,85488,193],{"class":66},[52,85490,87],{"class":73},[52,85492,4492],{"class":77},[52,85494,81],{"class":73},[52,85496,4030],{"class":66},[52,85498,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85500,149],{"class":148},[52,85502,152],{"class":66},[52,85504,84819],{"class":148},[52,85506,152],{"class":66},[52,85508,4509],{"class":155},[52,85510,742],{"class":66},[14,85512,164],{},[42,85514,85516],{"className":44,"code":85515,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Apple\n",[49,85517,85518],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85519,85520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85521,85515],{"class":58},[14,85523,85524],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85526,85527,85528,35],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[26,85529,85530,6181],{"href":74680},[49,85531,74583],{},[37,85533,8813,85535,85537],{"id":85534},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[49,85536,84394],{}," with a key function",[14,85539,2374,85540,85542],{},[49,85541,257],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85544,11820],{},[227,85546,85547,85552,85557],{},[230,85548,85549,85551],{},[49,85550,257],{}," changes the comparison rule",[230,85553,85554,85556],{},[49,85555,84394],{}," still returns the original item",[230,85558,85559],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[487,85561,85563],{"id":85562},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[42,85565,85567],{"className":44,"code":85566,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[49,85568,85569,85602],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85570,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85598,85600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85572,4465],{"class":58},[52,85574,63],{"class":62},[52,85576,4017],{"class":66},[52,85578,81],{"class":73},[52,85580,68485],{"class":77},[52,85582,81],{"class":73},[52,85584,193],{"class":66},[52,85586,87],{"class":73},[52,85588,37195],{"class":77},[52,85590,81],{"class":73},[52,85592,193],{"class":66},[52,85594,87],{"class":73},[52,85596,85597],{"class":77},"giraffe",[52,85599,81],{"class":73},[52,85601,4030],{"class":66},[52,85603,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85605,149],{"class":148},[52,85607,152],{"class":66},[52,85609,84819],{"class":148},[52,85611,152],{"class":66},[52,85613,4509],{"class":155},[52,85615,193],{"class":66},[52,85617,21717],{"class":834},[52,85619,63],{"class":62},[52,85621,2082],{"class":148},[52,85623,742],{"class":66},[14,85625,164],{},[42,85627,85629],{"className":44,"code":85628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"cat\n",[49,85630,85631],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85632,85633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85634,85628],{"class":58},[487,85636,85638],{"id":85637},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[42,85640,85642],{"className":44,"code":85641,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[49,85643,85644,85654,85689,85721,85753,85757,85761,85800],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85645,85646,85649,85651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85647,85648],{"class":58},"students ",[52,85650,63],{"class":62},[52,85652,85653],{"class":66}," [\n",[52,85655,85656,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85680,85682,85684,85686],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85657,85658],{"class":66},"    {",[52,85660,81],{"class":73},[52,85662,78],{"class":77},[52,85664,81],{"class":73},[52,85666,84],{"class":66},[52,85668,87],{"class":73},[52,85670,90],{"class":77},[52,85672,81],{"class":73},[52,85674,193],{"class":66},[52,85676,87],{"class":73},[52,85678,85679],{"class":77},"score",[52,85681,81],{"class":73},[52,85683,84],{"class":66},[52,85685,13863],{"class":110},[52,85687,85688],{"class":66},"},\n",[52,85690,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715,85717,85719],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,85692,85658],{"class":66},[52,85694,81],{"class":73},[52,85696,78],{"class":77},[52,85698,81],{"class":73},[52,85700,84],{"class":66},[52,85702,87],{"class":73},[52,85704,36087],{"class":77},[52,85706,81],{"class":73},[52,85708,193],{"class":66},[52,85710,87],{"class":73},[52,85712,85679],{"class":77},[52,85714,81],{"class":73},[52,85716,84],{"class":66},[52,85718,85280],{"class":110},[52,85720,85688],{"class":66},[52,85722,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,85724,85658],{"class":66},[52,85726,81],{"class":73},[52,85728,78],{"class":77},[52,85730,81],{"class":73},[52,85732,84],{"class":66},[52,85734,87],{"class":73},[52,85736,36096],{"class":77},[52,85738,81],{"class":73},[52,85740,193],{"class":66},[52,85742,87],{"class":73},[52,85744,85679],{"class":77},[52,85746,81],{"class":73},[52,85748,84],{"class":66},[52,85750,20035],{"class":110},[52,85752,135],{"class":66},[52,85754,85755],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,85756,4030],{"class":66},[52,85758,85759],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,85760,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,85762,85763,85766,85768,85771,85773,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,85764,85765],{"class":58},"lowest ",[52,85767,63],{"class":62},[52,85769,85770],{"class":148}," min",[52,85772,152],{"class":66},[52,85774,85775],{"class":155},"students",[52,85777,193],{"class":66},[52,85779,21717],{"class":834},[52,85781,63],{"class":62},[52,85783,37808],{"class":774},[52,85785,13262],{"class":37811},[52,85787,84],{"class":66},[52,85789,13262],{"class":155},[52,85791,1709],{"class":66},[52,85793,81],{"class":73},[52,85795,85679],{"class":77},[52,85797,81],{"class":73},[52,85799,1718],{"class":66},[52,85801,85802,85804,85806,85809],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,85803,149],{"class":148},[52,85805,152],{"class":66},[52,85807,85808],{"class":155},"lowest",[52,85810,159],{"class":66},[14,85812,164],{},[42,85814,85816],{"className":44,"code":85815,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[49,85817,85818],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85819,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85821,174],{"class":66},[52,85823,177],{"class":73},[52,85825,78],{"class":77},[52,85827,177],{"class":73},[52,85829,84],{"class":66},[52,85831,186],{"class":73},[52,85833,36087],{"class":77},[52,85835,177],{"class":73},[52,85837,193],{"class":66},[52,85839,186],{"class":73},[52,85841,85679],{"class":77},[52,85843,177],{"class":73},[52,85845,84],{"class":66},[52,85847,85280],{"class":110},[52,85849,135],{"class":66},[14,85851,85852,85853,85856],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[49,85854,85855],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[37,85858,8813,85860,85862],{"id":85859},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[49,85861,83095],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85864,85865],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[42,85867,85869],{"className":44,"code":85868,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[49,85870,85871,85879],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85872,85873,85875,85877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85874,4012],{"class":58},[52,85876,63],{"class":62},[52,85878,8233],{"class":66},[52,85880,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85882,149],{"class":148},[52,85884,152],{"class":66},[52,85886,84819],{"class":148},[52,85888,152],{"class":66},[52,85890,1578],{"class":155},[52,85892,742],{"class":66},[14,85894,164],{},[42,85896,85898],{"className":44,"code":85897,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[49,85899,85900],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85901,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85903,40854],{"class":646},[52,85905,84],{"class":66},[52,85907,85770],{"class":148},[52,85909,7762],{"class":66},[52,85911,84065],{"class":58},[52,85913,12551],{"class":62},[52,85915,84070],{"class":58},[14,85917,85918,85919,84],{},"To avoid that, use ",[49,85920,83095],{},[42,85922,85924],{"className":44,"code":85923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[49,85925,85926,85934],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85927,85928,85930,85932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85929,4012],{"class":58},[52,85931,63],{"class":62},[52,85933,8233],{"class":66},[52,85935,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,85937,149],{"class":148},[52,85939,152],{"class":66},[52,85941,84819],{"class":148},[52,85943,152],{"class":66},[52,85945,1578],{"class":155},[52,85947,193],{"class":66},[52,85949,26663],{"class":834},[52,85951,63],{"class":62},[52,85953,4175],{"class":128},[52,85955,742],{"class":66},[14,85957,164],{},[42,85959,85960],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,85961,85962],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,85963,85964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85965,12165],{"class":128},[14,85967,85968],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85970,85971],{},"Remember:",[227,85973,85974,85982],{},[230,85975,85976,85978,85979,85981],{},[49,85977,83095],{}," works only when ",[49,85980,84394],{}," gets one iterable argument",[230,85983,85984,85985],{},"It does not work with ",[49,85986,85987],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85989,85990,85991,35],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[26,85992,65998],{"href":73037},[37,85994,11109],{"id":11108},[14,85996,56932,85997,35],{},[49,85998,84394],{},[487,86000,86002,86003],{"id":86001},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[49,86004,83095],{},[14,86006,3398,86007,84],{},[49,86008,40854],{},[42,86010,86012],{"className":44,"code":86011,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[49,86013,86014,86022],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86015,86016,86018,86020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86017,8175],{"class":58},[52,86019,63],{"class":62},[52,86021,8233],{"class":66},[52,86023,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86025,149],{"class":148},[52,86027,152],{"class":66},[52,86029,84819],{"class":148},[52,86031,152],{"class":66},[52,86033,8204],{"class":155},[52,86035,742],{"class":66},[14,86037,86038],{},"Fix it by:",[227,86040,86041,86044],{},[230,86042,86043],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[230,86045,86046,86047],{},"or using ",[49,86048,83095],{},[42,86050,86052],{"className":44,"code":86051,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[49,86053,86054,86062],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86055,86056,86058,86060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86057,8175],{"class":58},[52,86059,63],{"class":62},[52,86061,8233],{"class":66},[52,86063,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86085,86087],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86065,149],{"class":148},[52,86067,152],{"class":66},[52,86069,84819],{"class":148},[52,86071,152],{"class":66},[52,86073,8204],{"class":155},[52,86075,193],{"class":66},[52,86077,26663],{"class":834},[52,86079,63],{"class":62},[52,86081,81],{"class":73},[52,86083,86084],{"class":77},"no items",[52,86086,81],{"class":73},[52,86088,742],{"class":66},[487,86090,86092],{"id":86091},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86094,86095],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[42,86097,86099],{"className":44,"code":86098,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[49,86100,86101,86125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86102,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86104,616],{"class":58},[52,86106,63],{"class":62},[52,86108,4017],{"class":66},[52,86110,2728],{"class":110},[52,86112,193],{"class":66},[52,86114,87],{"class":73},[52,86116,852],{"class":77},[52,86118,81],{"class":73},[52,86120,193],{"class":66},[52,86122,5002],{"class":110},[52,86124,4030],{"class":66},[52,86126,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86128,149],{"class":148},[52,86130,152],{"class":66},[52,86132,84819],{"class":148},[52,86134,152],{"class":66},[52,86136,630],{"class":155},[52,86138,742],{"class":66},[14,86140,164],{},[42,86142,86144],{"className":44,"code":86143,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"TypeError\n",[49,86145,86146],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86147,86148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86149,86143],{"class":646},[14,86151,86152],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86154,86155,86156,35],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[49,86157,84394],{},[42,86159,86161],{"className":44,"code":86160,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[49,86162,86163,86187,86213],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86164,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179,86181,86183,86185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86166,616],{"class":58},[52,86168,63],{"class":62},[52,86170,4017],{"class":66},[52,86172,2728],{"class":110},[52,86174,193],{"class":66},[52,86176,87],{"class":73},[52,86178,852],{"class":77},[52,86180,81],{"class":73},[52,86182,193],{"class":66},[52,86184,5002],{"class":110},[52,86186,4030],{"class":66},[52,86188,86189,86191,86193,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86190,4012],{"class":58},[52,86192,63],{"class":62},[52,86194,4017],{"class":66},[52,86196,2585],{"class":646},[52,86198,152],{"class":66},[52,86200,2570],{"class":155},[52,86202,4056],{"class":66},[52,86204,4273],{"class":4272},[52,86206,4276],{"class":58},[52,86208,4279],{"class":4272},[52,86210,14921],{"class":58},[52,86212,4030],{"class":66},[52,86214,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,86216,149],{"class":148},[52,86218,152],{"class":66},[52,86220,84819],{"class":148},[52,86222,152],{"class":66},[52,86224,1578],{"class":155},[52,86226,742],{"class":66},[14,86228,164],{},[42,86230,86231],{"className":44,"code":3344,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,86232,86233],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86234,86235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86236,3344],{"class":110},[14,86238,86239,86240,35],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[49,86241,3401],{},[487,86243,86245],{"id":86244},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86247,86248],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[42,86250,86252],{"className":44,"code":86251,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[49,86253,86254,86286],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86255,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86257,4465],{"class":58},[52,86259,63],{"class":62},[52,86261,4017],{"class":66},[52,86263,81],{"class":73},[52,86265,79719],{"class":77},[52,86267,81],{"class":73},[52,86269,193],{"class":66},[52,86271,87],{"class":73},[52,86273,57925],{"class":77},[52,86275,81],{"class":73},[52,86277,193],{"class":66},[52,86279,87],{"class":73},[52,86281,79736],{"class":77},[52,86283,81],{"class":73},[52,86285,4030],{"class":66},[52,86287,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86289,149],{"class":148},[52,86291,152],{"class":66},[52,86293,84819],{"class":148},[52,86295,152],{"class":66},[52,86297,4509],{"class":155},[52,86299,742],{"class":66},[14,86301,164],{},[42,86303,86304],{"className":44,"code":85515,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,86305,86306],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86307,86308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86309,85515],{"class":58},[14,86311,86312],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[42,86314,86316],{"className":44,"code":86315,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[49,86317,86318,86350],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86319,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86321,4465],{"class":58},[52,86323,63],{"class":62},[52,86325,4017],{"class":66},[52,86327,81],{"class":73},[52,86329,79719],{"class":77},[52,86331,81],{"class":73},[52,86333,193],{"class":66},[52,86335,87],{"class":73},[52,86337,57925],{"class":77},[52,86339,81],{"class":73},[52,86341,193],{"class":66},[52,86343,87],{"class":73},[52,86345,79736],{"class":77},[52,86347,81],{"class":73},[52,86349,4030],{"class":66},[52,86351,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86353,149],{"class":148},[52,86355,152],{"class":66},[52,86357,84819],{"class":148},[52,86359,152],{"class":66},[52,86361,4509],{"class":155},[52,86363,193],{"class":66},[52,86365,21717],{"class":834},[52,86367,63],{"class":62},[52,86369,3836],{"class":646},[52,86371,35],{"class":66},[52,86373,9037],{"class":24889},[52,86375,742],{"class":66},[14,86377,164],{},[42,86379,86380],{"className":44,"code":85515,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,86381,86382],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86383,86384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86385,85515],{"class":58},[14,86387,86388],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[37,86390,5358,86392],{"id":86391},"when-to-use-min",[49,86393,84394],{},[14,86395,340,86396,10970],{},[49,86397,84394],{},[227,86399,86400,86403,86408],{},[230,86401,86402],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[230,86404,86405,86406],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[49,86407,257],{},[230,86409,86410],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86412,340,86413,86417],{},[26,86414,86415],{"href":74680},[49,86416,74583],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86419,340,86420,86425],{},[26,86421,86423],{"href":86422},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[49,86424,82740],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[37,86427,1743],{"id":1742},[14,86429,84399],{},[227,86431,86432,86440,86443,86448,86455],{},[230,86433,86434,86435,86437,86438],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[49,86436,84394],{}," without using ",[49,86439,83095],{},[230,86441,86442],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[230,86444,8849,86445,86447],{},[49,86446,84394],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[230,86449,5100,86450,86452,86453,85556],{},[49,86451,257],{}," affects comparison but ",[49,86454,84394],{},[230,86456,8813,86457,86459],{},[49,86458,83095],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86461,86462,86463,86465],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[49,86464,84394],{},", these quick checks can help:",[42,86467,86469],{"className":44,"code":86468,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[49,86470,86471,86485,86495,86509,86523,86545],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86472,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86474,149],{"class":148},[52,86476,152],{"class":66},[52,86478,734],{"class":646},[52,86480,152],{"class":66},[52,86482,630],{"class":155},[52,86484,742],{"class":66},[52,86486,86487,86489,86491,86493],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86488,149],{"class":148},[52,86490,152],{"class":66},[52,86492,630],{"class":155},[52,86494,159],{"class":66},[52,86496,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,86498,149],{"class":148},[52,86500,152],{"class":66},[52,86502,2082],{"class":148},[52,86504,152],{"class":66},[52,86506,630],{"class":155},[52,86508,742],{"class":66},[52,86510,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,86512,149],{"class":148},[52,86514,152],{"class":66},[52,86516,84819],{"class":148},[52,86518,152],{"class":66},[52,86520,630],{"class":155},[52,86522,742],{"class":66},[52,86524,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,86526,149],{"class":148},[52,86528,152],{"class":66},[52,86530,84819],{"class":148},[52,86532,152],{"class":66},[52,86534,630],{"class":155},[52,86536,193],{"class":66},[52,86538,26663],{"class":834},[52,86540,63],{"class":62},[52,86542,4175],{"class":128},[52,86544,742],{"class":66},[52,86546,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,86548,149],{"class":148},[52,86550,152],{"class":66},[52,86552,84819],{"class":148},[52,86554,152],{"class":66},[52,86556,4509],{"class":155},[52,86558,193],{"class":66},[52,86560,21717],{"class":834},[52,86562,63],{"class":62},[52,86564,2082],{"class":148},[52,86566,742],{"class":66},[14,86568,86569,86570,86573,86574,86576],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[49,86571,86572],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[49,86575,630],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[37,86578,2220],{"id":2219},[487,86580,5539,86582,5542],{"id":86581},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[49,86583,84394],{},[14,86585,86586],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[487,86588,5567,86590,84575],{"id":86589},"can-min-work-with-strings",[49,86591,84394],{},[14,86593,86594],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[487,86596,71805],{"id":71804},[14,86598,86599,52650,86601,84587,86603,36769],{},[49,86600,84394],{},[49,86602,40854],{},[49,86604,83095],{},[487,86606,5539,86608,86610,86611,2265],{"id":86607},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[49,86609,257],{}," do in ",[49,86612,84394],{},[14,86614,86615,86617,86618,86620],{},[49,86616,257],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[49,86619,83648],{}," compares strings by length.",[487,86622,2259,86624,2262,86626,2265],{"id":86623},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[49,86625,84394],{},[49,86627,74583],{},[14,86629,86630,86632,86633,86635],{},[49,86631,84394],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[49,86634,74583],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[37,86637,2277],{"id":2276},[227,86639,86640,86646,86652,86658,86662,86666],{},[230,86641,86642],{},[26,86643,86644,3902],{"href":86422},[49,86645,82740],{},[230,86647,86648],{},[26,86649,86650,3902],{"href":74680},[49,86651,74583],{},[230,86653,86654],{},[26,86655,86656,3902],{"href":42509},[49,86657,42512],{},[230,86659,86660],{},[26,86661,80032],{"href":78535},[230,86663,86664],{},[26,86665,59113],{"href":59112},[230,86667,86668],{},[26,86669,65998],{"href":73037},[2315,86671,86672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":86674},[86675,86676,86678,86684,86686,86688,86693,86695,86701,86703,86704,86715],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":84878,"depth":70,"text":86677},"What min() does",{"id":84899,"depth":70,"text":84900,"children":86679},[86680,86681,86682,86683],{"id":84984,"depth":98,"text":84987},{"id":85046,"depth":98,"text":85049},{"id":85096,"depth":98,"text":85099},{"id":85190,"depth":98,"text":85193},{"id":85252,"depth":70,"text":86685},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85387,"depth":70,"text":86687},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85534,"depth":70,"text":86689,"children":86690},"Using min() with a key function",[86691,86692],{"id":85562,"depth":98,"text":85563},{"id":85637,"depth":98,"text":85638},{"id":85859,"depth":70,"text":86694},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11108,"depth":70,"text":11109,"children":86696},[86697,86699,86700],{"id":86001,"depth":98,"text":86698},"Empty list without default",{"id":86091,"depth":98,"text":86092},{"id":86244,"depth":98,"text":86245},{"id":86391,"depth":70,"text":86702},"When to use min()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":86705},[86706,86708,86710,86711,86713],{"id":86581,"depth":98,"text":86707},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86589,"depth":98,"text":86709},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71804,"depth":98,"text":71805},{"id":86607,"depth":98,"text":86712},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86623,"depth":98,"text":86714},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84761,"description":86716},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86723,"title":86724,"body":86725,"description":88904,"extension":2357,"meta":88905,"navigation":141,"path":88906,"seo":88907,"stem":88908,"__hash__":88909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86726,"toc":88868},[86727,86730,86736,86742,86744,86825,86834,86838,86843,86845,86890,86892,86972,86978,86980,86983,87015,87017,87035,87037,87110,87112,87131,87135,87138,87174,87176,87243,87317,87390,87395,87399,87405,87408,87425,87428,87430,87491,87493,87513,87519,87523,87526,87596,87599,87618,87623,87699,87702,87706,87712,87716,87721,87791,87795,87800,87874,87878,87881,87956,87967,87971,87976,88066,88071,88139,88142,88161,88172,88176,88179,88184,88187,88249,88252,88263,88268,88271,88274,88279,88282,88285,88289,88292,88298,88301,88312,88314,88376,88391,88397,88400,88403,88414,88425,88431,88434,88436,88498,88508,88514,88519,88525,88529,88535,88538,88559,88561,88566,88593,88596,88623,88626,88665,88668,88706,88709,88770,88773,88775,88779,88782,88786,88792,88800,88808,88812,88815,88819,88825,88827,88865],[10,86728,86724],{"id":86729},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86731,86732,86735],{},[49,86733,86734],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86737,86738,86739,86741],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[49,86740,86734],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[37,86743,40],{"id":39},[42,86745,86747],{"className":44,"code":86746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[49,86748,86749,86798,86814],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86750,86751,86754,86757,86759,86761,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86779,86781,86783,86786,86788,86790,86792,86796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86752,86753],{"class":4272},"with",[52,86755,86756],{"class":148}," open",[52,86758,152],{"class":66},[52,86760,81],{"class":73},[52,86762,86763],{"class":77},"example.txt",[52,86765,81],{"class":73},[52,86767,193],{"class":66},[52,86769,87],{"class":73},[52,86771,60663],{"class":77},[52,86773,81],{"class":73},[52,86775,193],{"class":66},[52,86777,86778],{"class":834}," encoding",[52,86780,63],{"class":62},[52,86782,81],{"class":73},[52,86784,86785],{"class":77},"utf-8",[52,86787,81],{"class":73},[52,86789,4056],{"class":66},[52,86791,47511],{"class":4272},[52,86793,86795],{"class":86794},"sMMDD"," file",[52,86797,6792],{"class":66},[52,86799,86800,86803,86805,86807,86809,86812],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86801,86802],{"class":58},"    content ",[52,86804,63],{"class":62},[52,86806,86795],{"class":86794},[52,86808,35],{"class":66},[52,86810,86811],{"class":155},"read",[52,86813,650],{"class":66},[52,86815,86816,86818,86820,86823],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,86817,8463],{"class":148},[52,86819,152],{"class":66},[52,86821,86822],{"class":155},"content",[52,86824,159],{"class":66},[14,86826,340,86827,86829,86830,86833],{},[49,86828,86753],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[49,86831,86832],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[37,86835,86837],{"id":86836},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86839,86840,86842],{},[49,86841,86734],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86844,11820],{},[227,86846,86847,86850,86855,86860],{},[230,86848,86849],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[230,86851,41056,86852,86854],{},[18,86853,1006],{}," read or write anything by itself",[230,86856,17557,86857],{},[18,86858,86859],{},"file object",[230,86861,86862,86863],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[227,86864,86865,86870,86875,86880,86885],{},[230,86866,86867],{},[49,86868,86869],{},"read()",[230,86871,86872],{},[49,86873,86874],{},"readline()",[230,86876,86877],{},[49,86878,86879],{},"readlines()",[230,86881,86882],{},[49,86883,86884],{},"write()",[230,86886,86887],{},[49,86888,86889],{},"close()",[14,86891,511],{},[42,86893,86895],{"className":44,"code":86894,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[49,86896,86897,86936,86951,86961],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86898,86899,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86900,86901],{"class":86794},"file",[52,86903,13632],{"class":62},[52,86905,86756],{"class":148},[52,86907,152],{"class":66},[52,86909,81],{"class":73},[52,86911,86763],{"class":77},[52,86913,81],{"class":73},[52,86915,193],{"class":66},[52,86917,87],{"class":73},[52,86919,60663],{"class":77},[52,86921,81],{"class":73},[52,86923,193],{"class":66},[52,86925,86778],{"class":834},[52,86927,63],{"class":62},[52,86929,81],{"class":73},[52,86931,86785],{"class":77},[52,86933,81],{"class":73},[52,86935,159],{"class":66},[52,86937,86938,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,86939,86940],{"class":58},"content ",[52,86942,63],{"class":62},[52,86944,86795],{"class":86794},[52,86946,35],{"class":66},[52,86948,86811],{"class":155},[52,86950,650],{"class":66},[52,86952,86953,86955,86957,86959],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,86954,149],{"class":148},[52,86956,152],{"class":66},[52,86958,86822],{"class":155},[52,86960,159],{"class":66},[52,86962,86963,86965,86967,86970],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,86964,86901],{"class":86794},[52,86966,35],{"class":66},[52,86968,86969],{"class":155},"close",[52,86971,650],{"class":66},[14,86973,86974,86975,86977],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[49,86976,86753],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[37,86979,2553],{"id":2552},[14,86981,86982],{},"A common form is:",[42,86984,86986],{"className":44,"code":86985,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[49,86987,86988],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,86989,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86991,42578],{"class":148},[52,86993,152],{"class":66},[52,86995,86901],{"class":86794},[52,86997,193],{"class":66},[52,86999,87000],{"class":155}," mode",[52,87002,193],{"class":66},[52,87004,86778],{"class":834},[52,87006,63],{"class":62},[52,87008,81],{"class":73},[52,87010,86785],{"class":77},[52,87012,81],{"class":73},[52,87014,159],{"class":66},[14,87016,65204],{},[227,87018,87019,87024,87029],{},[230,87020,87021,87023],{},[49,87022,86901],{}," is the file name or file path",[230,87025,87026,87028],{},[49,87027,21056],{}," controls how the file is opened",[230,87030,87031,87034],{},[49,87032,87033],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,87036,511],{},[42,87038,87040],{"className":44,"code":87039,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[49,87041,87042,87085,87100],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87043,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87045,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87047,86756],{"class":148},[52,87049,152],{"class":66},[52,87051,81],{"class":73},[52,87053,87054],{"class":77},"notes.txt",[52,87056,81],{"class":73},[52,87058,193],{"class":66},[52,87060,87],{"class":73},[52,87062,60663],{"class":77},[52,87064,81],{"class":73},[52,87066,193],{"class":66},[52,87068,86778],{"class":834},[52,87070,63],{"class":62},[52,87072,81],{"class":73},[52,87074,86785],{"class":77},[52,87076,81],{"class":73},[52,87078,4056],{"class":66},[52,87080,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87082,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87084,6792],{"class":66},[52,87086,87087,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87088,87089],{"class":58},"    text ",[52,87091,63],{"class":62},[52,87093,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87095,35],{"class":66},[52,87097,86811],{"class":155},[52,87099,650],{"class":66},[52,87101,87102,87104,87106,87108],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87103,8463],{"class":148},[52,87105,152],{"class":66},[52,87107,34853],{"class":155},[52,87109,159],{"class":66},[14,87111,20094],{},[227,87113,87114,87120,87125],{},[230,87115,87116,87119],{},[49,87117,87118],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[230,87121,87122,87124],{},[49,87123,86832],{}," means open for reading",[230,87126,87127,87130],{},[49,87128,87129],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[37,87132,87134],{"id":87133},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87136,87137],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[227,87139,87140,87145,87151,87156,87162,87168],{},[230,87141,87142,87144],{},[49,87143,86832],{}," = read a text file",[230,87146,87147,87150],{},[49,87148,87149],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[230,87152,87153,87155],{},[49,87154,18232],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[230,87157,87158,87161],{},[49,87159,87160],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[230,87163,87164,87167],{},[49,87165,87166],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[230,87169,87170,87173],{},[49,87171,87172],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87175,2520],{},[42,87177,87179],{"className":44,"code":87178,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[49,87180,87181,87186,87229],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87182,87183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87184,87185],{"class":1017},"# Read a text file\n",[52,87187,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87189,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87191,86756],{"class":148},[52,87193,152],{"class":66},[52,87195,81],{"class":73},[52,87197,87198],{"class":77},"data.txt",[52,87200,81],{"class":73},[52,87202,193],{"class":66},[52,87204,87],{"class":73},[52,87206,60663],{"class":77},[52,87208,81],{"class":73},[52,87210,193],{"class":66},[52,87212,86778],{"class":834},[52,87214,63],{"class":62},[52,87216,81],{"class":73},[52,87218,86785],{"class":77},[52,87220,81],{"class":73},[52,87222,4056],{"class":66},[52,87224,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87226,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87228,6792],{"class":66},[52,87230,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87232,8463],{"class":148},[52,87234,152],{"class":66},[52,87236,86901],{"class":86794},[52,87238,35],{"class":66},[52,87240,86811],{"class":155},[52,87242,2058],{"class":66},[42,87244,87246],{"className":44,"code":87245,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[49,87247,87248,87253,87295],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87249,87250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87251,87252],{"class":1017},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[52,87254,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87256,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87258,86756],{"class":148},[52,87260,152],{"class":66},[52,87262,81],{"class":73},[52,87264,87198],{"class":77},[52,87266,81],{"class":73},[52,87268,193],{"class":66},[52,87270,87],{"class":73},[52,87272,60646],{"class":77},[52,87274,81],{"class":73},[52,87276,193],{"class":66},[52,87278,86778],{"class":834},[52,87280,63],{"class":62},[52,87282,81],{"class":73},[52,87284,86785],{"class":77},[52,87286,81],{"class":73},[52,87288,4056],{"class":66},[52,87290,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87292,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87294,6792],{"class":66},[52,87296,87297,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87313,87315],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87298,87299],{"class":86794},"    file",[52,87301,35],{"class":66},[52,87303,70354],{"class":155},[52,87305,152],{"class":66},[52,87307,81],{"class":73},[52,87309,35012],{"class":77},[52,87311,87312],{"class":34597},"\\n",[52,87314,81],{"class":73},[52,87316,159],{"class":66},[42,87318,87320],{"className":44,"code":87319,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[49,87321,87322,87327,87369],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87323,87324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87325,87326],{"class":1017},"# Append to a text file\n",[52,87328,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87330,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87332,86756],{"class":148},[52,87334,152],{"class":66},[52,87336,81],{"class":73},[52,87338,87198],{"class":77},[52,87340,81],{"class":73},[52,87342,193],{"class":66},[52,87344,87],{"class":73},[52,87346,26],{"class":77},[52,87348,81],{"class":73},[52,87350,193],{"class":66},[52,87352,86778],{"class":834},[52,87354,63],{"class":62},[52,87356,81],{"class":73},[52,87358,86785],{"class":77},[52,87360,81],{"class":73},[52,87362,4056],{"class":66},[52,87364,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87366,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87368,6792],{"class":66},[52,87370,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87384,87386,87388],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87372,87299],{"class":86794},[52,87374,35],{"class":66},[52,87376,70354],{"class":155},[52,87378,152],{"class":66},[52,87380,81],{"class":73},[52,87382,87383],{"class":77},"Another line",[52,87385,87312],{"class":34597},[52,87387,81],{"class":73},[52,87389,159],{"class":66},[14,87391,69506,87392,87394],{},[49,87393,87149],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[37,87396,87398],{"id":87397},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87400,87401,22113,87403,35],{},[49,87402,86734],{},[18,87404,86859],{},[14,87406,87407],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[227,87409,87410,87415,87420],{},[230,87411,87412],{},[49,87413,87414],{},"file.read()",[230,87416,87417],{},[49,87418,87419],{},"file.write()",[230,87421,87422],{},[49,87423,87424],{},"file.close()",[14,87426,87427],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87429,511],{},[42,87431,87433],{"className":44,"code":87432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[49,87434,87435,87477],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87436,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87438,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87440,86756],{"class":148},[52,87442,152],{"class":66},[52,87444,81],{"class":73},[52,87446,86763],{"class":77},[52,87448,81],{"class":73},[52,87450,193],{"class":66},[52,87452,87],{"class":73},[52,87454,60663],{"class":77},[52,87456,81],{"class":73},[52,87458,193],{"class":66},[52,87460,86778],{"class":834},[52,87462,63],{"class":62},[52,87464,81],{"class":73},[52,87466,86785],{"class":77},[52,87468,81],{"class":73},[52,87470,4056],{"class":66},[52,87472,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87474,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87476,6792],{"class":66},[52,87478,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87480,8463],{"class":148},[52,87482,152],{"class":66},[52,87484,734],{"class":646},[52,87486,152],{"class":66},[52,87488,86901],{"class":86794},[52,87490,742],{"class":66},[14,87492,30171],{},[42,87494,87496],{"className":44,"code":87495,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[49,87497,87498],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87499,87500,87502,87504,87506,87509,87511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87501,771],{"class":62},[52,87503,775],{"class":774},[52,87505,186],{"class":73},[52,87507,87508],{"class":77},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[52,87510,177],{"class":73},[52,87512,785],{"class":62},[14,87514,87515,87516,87518],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[49,87517,86734],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[37,87520,87522],{"id":87521},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87524,87525],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[42,87527,87528],{"className":44,"code":86746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,87529,87530,87572,87586],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87531,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87533,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87535,86756],{"class":148},[52,87537,152],{"class":66},[52,87539,81],{"class":73},[52,87541,86763],{"class":77},[52,87543,81],{"class":73},[52,87545,193],{"class":66},[52,87547,87],{"class":73},[52,87549,60663],{"class":77},[52,87551,81],{"class":73},[52,87553,193],{"class":66},[52,87555,86778],{"class":834},[52,87557,63],{"class":62},[52,87559,81],{"class":73},[52,87561,86785],{"class":77},[52,87563,81],{"class":73},[52,87565,4056],{"class":66},[52,87567,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87569,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87571,6792],{"class":66},[52,87573,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87575,86802],{"class":58},[52,87577,63],{"class":62},[52,87579,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87581,35],{"class":66},[52,87583,86811],{"class":155},[52,87585,650],{"class":66},[52,87587,87588,87590,87592,87594],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87589,8463],{"class":148},[52,87591,152],{"class":66},[52,87593,86822],{"class":155},[52,87595,159],{"class":66},[14,87597,87598],{},"Why this is recommended:",[227,87600,87601,87606,87612,87615],{},[230,87602,87603,87605],{},[49,87604,86753],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[230,87607,87608,87609,87611],{},"It is safer than calling ",[49,87610,86889],{}," yourself",[230,87613,87614],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[230,87616,87617],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87619,83911,87620,87622],{},[49,87621,86753],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[42,87624,87625],{"className":44,"code":86894,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,87626,87627,87665,87679,87689],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87628,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87630,86901],{"class":86794},[52,87632,13632],{"class":62},[52,87634,86756],{"class":148},[52,87636,152],{"class":66},[52,87638,81],{"class":73},[52,87640,86763],{"class":77},[52,87642,81],{"class":73},[52,87644,193],{"class":66},[52,87646,87],{"class":73},[52,87648,60663],{"class":77},[52,87650,81],{"class":73},[52,87652,193],{"class":66},[52,87654,86778],{"class":834},[52,87656,63],{"class":62},[52,87658,81],{"class":73},[52,87660,86785],{"class":77},[52,87662,81],{"class":73},[52,87664,159],{"class":66},[52,87666,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87668,86940],{"class":58},[52,87670,63],{"class":62},[52,87672,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87674,35],{"class":66},[52,87676,86811],{"class":155},[52,87678,650],{"class":66},[52,87680,87681,87683,87685,87687],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87682,149],{"class":148},[52,87684,152],{"class":66},[52,87686,86822],{"class":155},[52,87688,159],{"class":66},[52,87690,87691,87693,87695,87697],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,87692,86901],{"class":86794},[52,87694,35],{"class":66},[52,87696,86969],{"class":155},[52,87698,650],{"class":66},[14,87700,87701],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[37,87703,87705],{"id":87704},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87707,87708,87709,87711],{},"Use mode ",[49,87710,86832],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[487,87713,87715],{"id":87714},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87717,87718,87720],{},[49,87719,86869],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[42,87722,87723],{"className":44,"code":86746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,87724,87725,87767,87781],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87726,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87728,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87730,86756],{"class":148},[52,87732,152],{"class":66},[52,87734,81],{"class":73},[52,87736,86763],{"class":77},[52,87738,81],{"class":73},[52,87740,193],{"class":66},[52,87742,87],{"class":73},[52,87744,60663],{"class":77},[52,87746,81],{"class":73},[52,87748,193],{"class":66},[52,87750,86778],{"class":834},[52,87752,63],{"class":62},[52,87754,81],{"class":73},[52,87756,86785],{"class":77},[52,87758,81],{"class":73},[52,87760,4056],{"class":66},[52,87762,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87764,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87766,6792],{"class":66},[52,87768,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87770,86802],{"class":58},[52,87772,63],{"class":62},[52,87774,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87776,35],{"class":66},[52,87778,86811],{"class":155},[52,87780,650],{"class":66},[52,87782,87783,87785,87787,87789],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87784,8463],{"class":148},[52,87786,152],{"class":66},[52,87788,86822],{"class":155},[52,87790,159],{"class":66},[487,87792,87794],{"id":87793},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87796,87797,87799],{},[49,87798,86874],{}," reads one line at a time.",[42,87801,87803],{"className":44,"code":87802,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[49,87804,87805,87847,87863],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87806,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87808,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87810,86756],{"class":148},[52,87812,152],{"class":66},[52,87814,81],{"class":73},[52,87816,86763],{"class":77},[52,87818,81],{"class":73},[52,87820,193],{"class":66},[52,87822,87],{"class":73},[52,87824,60663],{"class":77},[52,87826,81],{"class":73},[52,87828,193],{"class":66},[52,87830,86778],{"class":834},[52,87832,63],{"class":62},[52,87834,81],{"class":73},[52,87836,86785],{"class":77},[52,87838,81],{"class":73},[52,87840,4056],{"class":66},[52,87842,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87844,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87846,6792],{"class":66},[52,87848,87849,87852,87854,87856,87858,87861],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87850,87851],{"class":58},"    first_line ",[52,87853,63],{"class":62},[52,87855,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87857,35],{"class":66},[52,87859,87860],{"class":155},"readline",[52,87862,650],{"class":66},[52,87864,87865,87867,87869,87872],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87866,8463],{"class":148},[52,87868,152],{"class":66},[52,87870,87871],{"class":155},"first_line",[52,87873,159],{"class":66},[487,87875,87877],{"id":87876},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87879,87880],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[42,87882,87884],{"className":44,"code":87883,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[49,87885,87886,87928,87942],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87887,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87889,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87891,86756],{"class":148},[52,87893,152],{"class":66},[52,87895,81],{"class":73},[52,87897,86763],{"class":77},[52,87899,81],{"class":73},[52,87901,193],{"class":66},[52,87903,87],{"class":73},[52,87905,60663],{"class":77},[52,87907,81],{"class":73},[52,87909,193],{"class":66},[52,87911,86778],{"class":834},[52,87913,63],{"class":62},[52,87915,81],{"class":73},[52,87917,86785],{"class":77},[52,87919,81],{"class":73},[52,87921,4056],{"class":66},[52,87923,47511],{"class":4272},[52,87925,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87927,6792],{"class":66},[52,87929,87930,87933,87936,87938,87940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,87931,87932],{"class":4272},"    for",[52,87934,87935],{"class":58}," line ",[52,87937,4279],{"class":4272},[52,87939,86795],{"class":86794},[52,87941,6792],{"class":66},[52,87943,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,87945,47491],{"class":148},[52,87947,152],{"class":66},[52,87949,54],{"class":155},[52,87951,35],{"class":66},[52,87953,9031],{"class":155},[52,87955,2058],{"class":66},[14,87957,87958,87959,30,87963,35],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[26,87960,87962],{"href":87961},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[26,87964,87966],{"href":87965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[37,87968,87970],{"id":87969},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87972,340,87973,87975],{},[49,87974,87149],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[42,87977,87979],{"className":44,"code":87978,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[49,87980,87981,88024,88045],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,87982,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87984,86753],{"class":4272},[52,87986,86756],{"class":148},[52,87988,152],{"class":66},[52,87990,81],{"class":73},[52,87992,87993],{"class":77},"output.txt",[52,87995,81],{"class":73},[52,87997,193],{"class":66},[52,87999,87],{"class":73},[52,88001,60646],{"class":77},[52,88003,81],{"class":73},[52,88005,193],{"class":66},[52,88007,86778],{"class":834},[52,88009,63],{"class":62},[52,88011,81],{"class":73},[52,88013,86785],{"class":77},[52,88015,81],{"class":73},[52,88017,4056],{"class":66},[52,88019,47511],{"class":4272},[52,88021,86795],{"class":86794},[52,88023,6792],{"class":66},[52,88025,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88039,88041,88043],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88027,87299],{"class":86794},[52,88029,35],{"class":66},[52,88031,70354],{"class":155},[52,88033,152],{"class":66},[52,88035,81],{"class":73},[52,88037,88038],{"class":77},"First line",[52,88040,87312],{"class":34597},[52,88042,81],{"class":73},[52,88044,159],{"class":66},[52,88046,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88060,88062,88064],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,88048,87299],{"class":86794},[52,88050,35],{"class":66},[52,88052,70354],{"class":155},[52,88054,152],{"class":66},[52,88056,81],{"class":73},[52,88058,88059],{"class":77},"Second line",[52,88061,87312],{"class":34597},[52,88063,81],{"class":73},[52,88065,159],{"class":66},[14,88067,340,88068,88070],{},[49,88069,18232],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[42,88072,88074],{"className":44,"code":88073,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[49,88075,88076,88118],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88077,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88079,86753],{"class":4272},[52,88081,86756],{"class":148},[52,88083,152],{"class":66},[52,88085,81],{"class":73},[52,88087,87993],{"class":77},[52,88089,81],{"class":73},[52,88091,193],{"class":66},[52,88093,87],{"class":73},[52,88095,26],{"class":77},[52,88097,81],{"class":73},[52,88099,193],{"class":66},[52,88101,86778],{"class":834},[52,88103,63],{"class":62},[52,88105,81],{"class":73},[52,88107,86785],{"class":77},[52,88109,81],{"class":73},[52,88111,4056],{"class":66},[52,88113,47511],{"class":4272},[52,88115,86795],{"class":86794},[52,88117,6792],{"class":66},[52,88119,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88133,88135,88137],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88121,87299],{"class":86794},[52,88123,35],{"class":66},[52,88125,70354],{"class":155},[52,88127,152],{"class":66},[52,88129,81],{"class":73},[52,88131,88132],{"class":77},"Third line",[52,88134,87312],{"class":34597},[52,88136,81],{"class":73},[52,88138,159],{"class":66},[14,88140,88141],{},"Important detail:",[227,88143,88144,88149,88156],{},[230,88145,88146,88148],{},[49,88147,86884],{}," writes a string",[230,88150,88151,14408,88153,88155],{},[49,88152,86884],{},[18,88154,1006],{}," add a newline for you",[230,88157,88158,88159,87611],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[49,88160,87312],{},[14,88162,88163,88164,30,88168,35],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[26,88165,88167],{"href":88166},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[26,88169,88171],{"href":88170},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[37,88173,88175],{"id":88174},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88177,88178],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[487,88180,88182],{"id":88181},"encodingutf-8",[49,88183,87129],{},[14,88185,88186],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[42,88188,88190],{"className":44,"code":88189,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[49,88191,88192,88235],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88193,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88195,86753],{"class":4272},[52,88197,86756],{"class":148},[52,88199,152],{"class":66},[52,88201,81],{"class":73},[52,88203,88204],{"class":77},"message.txt",[52,88206,81],{"class":73},[52,88208,193],{"class":66},[52,88210,87],{"class":73},[52,88212,60663],{"class":77},[52,88214,81],{"class":73},[52,88216,193],{"class":66},[52,88218,86778],{"class":834},[52,88220,63],{"class":62},[52,88222,81],{"class":73},[52,88224,86785],{"class":77},[52,88226,81],{"class":73},[52,88228,4056],{"class":66},[52,88230,47511],{"class":4272},[52,88232,86795],{"class":86794},[52,88234,6792],{"class":66},[52,88236,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88238,8463],{"class":148},[52,88240,152],{"class":66},[52,88242,86901],{"class":86794},[52,88244,35],{"class":66},[52,88246,86811],{"class":155},[52,88248,2058],{"class":66},[14,88250,88251],{},"Why it matters:",[227,88253,88254,88257,88260],{},[230,88255,88256],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[230,88258,88259],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[230,88261,88262],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[487,88264,88266],{"id":88265},"newline",[49,88267,88265],{},[14,88269,88270],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88272,88273],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[487,88275,88277],{"id":88276},"buffering",[49,88278,88276],{},[14,88280,88281],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88283,88284],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[37,88286,88288],{"id":88287},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88290,88291],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[487,88293,88295],{"id":88294},"filenotfounderror",[49,88296,88297],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88299,88300],{},"This happens when:",[227,88302,88303,88306,88309],{},[230,88304,88305],{},"the file does not exist",[230,88307,88308],{},"the path is wrong",[230,88310,88311],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88313,511],{},[42,88315,88317],{"className":44,"code":88316,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[49,88318,88319,88362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88320,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88322,86753],{"class":4272},[52,88324,86756],{"class":148},[52,88326,152],{"class":66},[52,88328,81],{"class":73},[52,88330,88331],{"class":77},"missing.txt",[52,88333,81],{"class":73},[52,88335,193],{"class":66},[52,88337,87],{"class":73},[52,88339,60663],{"class":77},[52,88341,81],{"class":73},[52,88343,193],{"class":66},[52,88345,86778],{"class":834},[52,88347,63],{"class":62},[52,88349,81],{"class":73},[52,88351,86785],{"class":77},[52,88353,81],{"class":73},[52,88355,4056],{"class":66},[52,88357,47511],{"class":4272},[52,88359,86795],{"class":86794},[52,88361,6792],{"class":66},[52,88363,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88365,8463],{"class":148},[52,88367,152],{"class":66},[52,88369,86901],{"class":86794},[52,88371,35],{"class":66},[52,88373,86811],{"class":155},[52,88375,2058],{"class":66},[14,88377,88378,88379,2262,88387,35],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[26,88380,88382,88383,88386],{"href":88381},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[52,88384,88385],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[26,88388,88390],{"href":88389},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[487,88392,88394],{"id":88393},"permissionerror",[49,88395,88396],{},"PermissionError",[14,88398,88399],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88401,88402],{},"Example causes:",[227,88404,88405,88408,88411],{},[230,88406,88407],{},"the file is protected",[230,88409,88410],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[230,88412,88413],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88415,88416,88417],{},"Related page: ",[26,88418,88420,88421,88424],{"href":88419},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[52,88422,88423],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[487,88426,88428],{"id":88427},"isadirectoryerror",[49,88429,88430],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88432,88433],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88435,511],{},[42,88437,88439],{"className":44,"code":88438,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[49,88440,88441,88484],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88442,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88454,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480,88482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88444,86753],{"class":4272},[52,88446,86756],{"class":148},[52,88448,152],{"class":66},[52,88450,81],{"class":73},[52,88452,88453],{"class":77},"my_folder",[52,88455,81],{"class":73},[52,88457,193],{"class":66},[52,88459,87],{"class":73},[52,88461,60663],{"class":77},[52,88463,81],{"class":73},[52,88465,193],{"class":66},[52,88467,86778],{"class":834},[52,88469,63],{"class":62},[52,88471,81],{"class":73},[52,88473,86785],{"class":77},[52,88475,81],{"class":73},[52,88477,4056],{"class":66},[52,88479,47511],{"class":4272},[52,88481,86795],{"class":86794},[52,88483,6792],{"class":66},[52,88485,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88487,8463],{"class":148},[52,88489,152],{"class":66},[52,88491,86901],{"class":86794},[52,88493,35],{"class":66},[52,88495,86811],{"class":155},[52,88497,2058],{"class":66},[14,88499,88416,88500],{},[26,88501,88503,88504,88507],{"href":88502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[52,88505,88506],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[487,88509,88511],{"id":88510},"unicodedecodeerror",[49,88512,88513],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88515,88516,88517,35],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[49,88518,86734],{},[14,88520,88416,88521],{},[26,88522,88524],{"href":88523},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[37,88526,88528],{"id":88527},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88530,88531,88532,88534],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[49,88533,86734],{}," function.",[14,88536,88537],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[227,88539,88540,88543,88546,88552],{},[230,88541,88542],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[230,88544,88545],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[230,88547,88548,88549,88551],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[49,88550,86734],{}," itself",[230,88553,88554,88555],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[26,88556,88558],{"href":88557},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[37,88560,1743],{"id":1742},[14,88562,88563,88564,84],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[49,88565,86734],{},[227,88567,88568,88573,88579,88584,88587,88590],{},[230,88569,8813,88570,88572],{},[49,88571,86832],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[230,88574,88575,88576,88578],{},"Forgetting to use ",[49,88577,87033],{}," for text files",[230,88580,8813,88581,88583],{},[49,88582,87149],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[230,88585,88586],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[230,88588,88589],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[230,88591,88592],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88594,88595],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[42,88597,88599],{"className":44,"code":88598,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[49,88600,88601,88608],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88602,88603,88605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88604,35236],{"class":4272},[52,88606,88607],{"class":58}," os\n",[52,88609,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618,88621],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88611,149],{"class":148},[52,88613,152],{"class":66},[52,88615,42777],{"class":155},[52,88617,35],{"class":66},[52,88619,88620],{"class":155},"getcwd",[52,88622,2058],{"class":66},[14,88624,88625],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[42,88627,88629],{"className":44,"code":88628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[49,88630,88631,88637],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88632,88633,88635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88634,35236],{"class":4272},[52,88636,88607],{"class":58},[52,88638,88639,88641,88643,88645,88647,88650,88652,88655,88657,88659,88661,88663],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88640,149],{"class":148},[52,88642,152],{"class":66},[52,88644,42777],{"class":155},[52,88646,35],{"class":66},[52,88648,88649],{"class":24889},"path",[52,88651,35],{"class":66},[52,88653,88654],{"class":155},"exists",[52,88656,152],{"class":66},[52,88658,81],{"class":73},[52,88660,86763],{"class":77},[52,88662,81],{"class":73},[52,88664,742],{"class":66},[14,88666,88667],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[42,88669,88671],{"className":44,"code":88670,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[49,88672,88673,88679],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88674,88675,88677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88676,35236],{"class":4272},[52,88678,88607],{"class":58},[52,88680,88681,88683,88685,88687,88689,88691,88693,88696,88698,88700,88702,88704],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88682,149],{"class":148},[52,88684,152],{"class":66},[52,88686,42777],{"class":155},[52,88688,35],{"class":66},[52,88690,88649],{"class":24889},[52,88692,35],{"class":66},[52,88694,88695],{"class":155},"isfile",[52,88697,152],{"class":66},[52,88699,81],{"class":73},[52,88701,86763],{"class":77},[52,88703,81],{"class":73},[52,88705,742],{"class":66},[14,88707,88708],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[42,88710,88712],{"className":44,"code":88711,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[49,88713,88714,88756],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88715,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746,88748,88750,88752,88754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88717,86753],{"class":4272},[52,88719,86756],{"class":148},[52,88721,152],{"class":66},[52,88723,81],{"class":73},[52,88725,86763],{"class":77},[52,88727,81],{"class":73},[52,88729,193],{"class":66},[52,88731,87],{"class":73},[52,88733,60663],{"class":77},[52,88735,81],{"class":73},[52,88737,193],{"class":66},[52,88739,86778],{"class":834},[52,88741,63],{"class":62},[52,88743,81],{"class":73},[52,88745,86785],{"class":77},[52,88747,81],{"class":73},[52,88749,4056],{"class":66},[52,88751,47511],{"class":4272},[52,88753,86795],{"class":86794},[52,88755,6792],{"class":66},[52,88757,88758,88760,88762,88764,88766,88768],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88759,8463],{"class":148},[52,88761,152],{"class":66},[52,88763,86901],{"class":86794},[52,88765,35],{"class":66},[52,88767,86811],{"class":155},[52,88769,2058],{"class":66},[14,88771,88772],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[37,88774,2220],{"id":2219},[487,88776,88778],{"id":88777},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88780,88781],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[487,88783,88785],{"id":88784},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88787,88788,88789,88791],{},"Use it inside a ",[49,88790,86753],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[487,88793,2259,88795,2262,88797,88799],{"id":88794},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[49,88796,87149],{},[49,88798,18232],{}," mode?",[14,88801,88802,88804,88805,88807],{},[49,88803,87149],{}," overwrites the file. ",[49,88806,18232],{}," adds new content to the end.",[487,88809,88811],{"id":88810},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88813,88814],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[487,88816,88818],{"id":88817},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88820,88821,88822,88824],{},"It is a good habit. ",[49,88823,87129],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[37,88826,2277],{"id":2276},[227,88828,88829,88833,88837,88841,88845,88849,88853,88859],{},[230,88830,88831],{},[26,88832,87962],{"href":87961},[230,88834,88835],{},[26,88836,88167],{"href":88166},[230,88838,88839],{},[26,88840,88171],{"href":88170},[230,88842,88843],{},[26,88844,87966],{"href":87965},[230,88846,88847],{},[26,88848,88558],{"href":88557},[230,88850,88851],{},[26,88852,88390],{"href":88389},[230,88854,88855],{},[26,88856,88382,88857,88386],{"href":88381},[52,88858,88385],{},[230,88860,88861],{},[26,88862,88420,88863,88424],{"href":88419},[52,88864,88423],{},[2315,88866,88867],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":88869},[88870,88871,88872,88873,88874,88875,88876,88881,88882,88887,88893,88894,88895,88903],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":86836,"depth":70,"text":86837},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":87133,"depth":70,"text":87134},{"id":87397,"depth":70,"text":87398},{"id":87521,"depth":70,"text":87522},{"id":87704,"depth":70,"text":87705,"children":88877},[88878,88879,88880],{"id":87714,"depth":98,"text":87715},{"id":87793,"depth":98,"text":87794},{"id":87876,"depth":98,"text":87877},{"id":87969,"depth":70,"text":87970},{"id":88174,"depth":70,"text":88175,"children":88883},[88884,88885,88886],{"id":88181,"depth":98,"text":87129},{"id":88265,"depth":98,"text":88265},{"id":88276,"depth":98,"text":88276},{"id":88287,"depth":70,"text":88288,"children":88888},[88889,88890,88891,88892],{"id":88294,"depth":98,"text":88297},{"id":88393,"depth":98,"text":88396},{"id":88427,"depth":98,"text":88430},{"id":88510,"depth":98,"text":88513},{"id":88527,"depth":70,"text":88528},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":88896},[88897,88898,88899,88901,88902],{"id":88777,"depth":98,"text":88778},{"id":88784,"depth":98,"text":88785},{"id":88794,"depth":98,"text":88900},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88810,"depth":98,"text":88811},{"id":88817,"depth":98,"text":88818},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86724,"description":88904},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88911,"title":88912,"body":88913,"description":90908,"extension":2357,"meta":90909,"navigation":141,"path":90910,"seo":90911,"stem":90912,"__hash__":90913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88914,"toc":90855},[88915,88920,88925,88931,88933,89001,89003,89022,89027,89032,89037,89040,89052,89054,89097,89099,89117,89128,89130,89132,89157,89159,89170,89172,89232,89234,89260,89263,89267,89272,89276,89279,89313,89317,89320,89345,89349,89372,89376,89409,89414,89418,89423,89426,89494,89496,89520,89525,89528,89559,89561,89593,89610,89614,89619,89643,89650,89655,89660,89663,89667,89702,89704,89713,89717,89808,89810,89841,89846,89853,89858,89867,89870,89904,89906,89920,89924,89965,89967,89976,89980,90028,90030,90044,90049,90060,90067,90073,90075,90110,90112,90126,90129,90151,90157,90186,90197,90203,90209,90223,90225,90304,90306,90356,90363,90365,90370,90374,90377,90392,90397,90399,90418,90424,90427,90442,90444,90462,90468,90473,90503,90506,90529,90532,90559,90566,90572,90580,90603,90608,90616,90618,90638,90642,90648,90698,90701,90723,90725,90731,90739,90745,90751,90759,90764,90768,90771,90794,90799,90806,90818,90820,90852],[10,88916,3969,88918,3973],{"id":88917},"python-print-function-explained",[49,88919,46605],{},[14,88921,32460,88922,88924],{},[49,88923,46605],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88926,88927,88928,88930],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[49,88929,46605],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[37,88932,40],{"id":39},[42,88934,88936],{"className":44,"code":88935,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[49,88937,88938,88950,88959,88963,88973,88983],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,88939,88940,88942,88944,88946,88948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88941,8271],{"class":58},[52,88943,63],{"class":62},[52,88945,87],{"class":73},[52,88947,8316],{"class":77},[52,88949,297],{"class":73},[52,88951,88952,88954,88956],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,88953,21766],{"class":58},[52,88955,63],{"class":62},[52,88957,88958],{"class":110}," 12\n",[52,88960,88961],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,88962,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,88964,88965,88967,88969,88971],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,88966,149],{"class":148},[52,88968,152],{"class":66},[52,88970,78],{"class":155},[52,88972,159],{"class":66},[52,88974,88975,88977,88979,88981],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,88976,149],{"class":148},[52,88978,152],{"class":66},[52,88980,103],{"class":155},[52,88982,159],{"class":66},[52,88984,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,88986,149],{"class":148},[52,88988,152],{"class":66},[52,88990,81],{"class":73},[52,88992,35012],{"class":77},[52,88994,81],{"class":73},[52,88996,193],{"class":66},[52,88998,36138],{"class":155},[52,89000,159],{"class":66},[14,89002,164],{},[42,89004,89006],{"className":44,"code":89005,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[49,89007,89008,89013,89017],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89009,89010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89011,89012],{"class":58},"Mia\n",[52,89014,89015],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89016,2621],{"class":110},[52,89018,89019],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,89020,89021],{"class":58},"Hello Mia\n",[14,89023,340,89024,89026],{},[49,89025,46605],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[37,89028,4073,89030,4076],{"id":89029},"what-print-does",[49,89031,46605],{},[14,89033,89034,89036],{},[49,89035,46605],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,89038,89039],{},"You can use it to display:",[227,89041,89042,89044,89046,89049],{},[230,89043,34853],{},[230,89045,1578],{},[230,89047,89048],{},"variables",[230,89050,89051],{},"expressions",[14,89053,511],{},[42,89055,89057],{"className":44,"code":89056,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[49,89058,89059,89073,89083],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89060,89061,89063,89065,89067,89069,89071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89062,149],{"class":148},[52,89064,152],{"class":66},[52,89066,81],{"class":73},[52,89068,35012],{"class":77},[52,89070,81],{"class":73},[52,89072,159],{"class":66},[52,89074,89075,89077,89079,89081],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89076,149],{"class":148},[52,89078,152],{"class":66},[52,89080,2531],{"class":110},[52,89082,159],{"class":66},[52,89084,89085,89087,89089,89091,89093,89095],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,89086,149],{"class":148},[52,89088,152],{"class":66},[52,89090,2451],{"class":110},[52,89092,2853],{"class":62},[52,89094,2850],{"class":110},[52,89096,159],{"class":66},[14,89098,164],{},[42,89100,89102],{"className":44,"code":89101,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[49,89103,89104,89109,89113],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89105,89106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89107,89108],{"class":58},"Hello\n",[52,89110,89111],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89112,3344],{"class":110},[52,89114,89115],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,89116,3344],{"class":110},[14,89118,89119,89120,89122,89123,89127],{},"A very important detail is that ",[49,89121,46605],{}," ",[18,89124,4088,89125],{},[49,89126,4175],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[37,89129,2553],{"id":2552},[14,89131,30867],{},[42,89133,89135],{"className":44,"code":89134,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[49,89136,89137],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89138,89139,89141,89143,89146,89148,89151,89153,89155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89140,149],{"class":148},[52,89142,152],{"class":66},[52,89144,89145],{"class":155},"object1",[52,89147,193],{"class":66},[52,89149,89150],{"class":155}," object2",[52,89152,193],{"class":66},[52,89154,34598],{"class":148},[52,89156,159],{"class":66},[14,89158,80362],{},[227,89160,89161,89164,89167],{},[230,89162,89163],{},"one value",[230,89165,89166],{},"many values",[230,89168,89169],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89171,511],{},[42,89173,89175],{"className":44,"code":89174,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[49,89176,89177,89191,89210],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89178,89179,89181,89183,89185,89187,89189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89180,149],{"class":148},[52,89182,152],{"class":66},[52,89184,81],{"class":73},[52,89186,57925],{"class":77},[52,89188,81],{"class":73},[52,89190,159],{"class":66},[52,89192,89193,89195,89197,89199,89202,89204,89206,89208],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89194,149],{"class":148},[52,89196,152],{"class":66},[52,89198,81],{"class":73},[52,89200,89201],{"class":77},"Score:",[52,89203,81],{"class":73},[52,89205,193],{"class":66},[52,89207,6403],{"class":110},[52,89209,159],{"class":66},[52,89211,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,89213,149],{"class":148},[52,89215,152],{"class":66},[52,89217,81],{"class":73},[52,89219,45716],{"class":77},[52,89221,81],{"class":73},[52,89223,193],{"class":66},[52,89225,2856],{"class":110},[52,89227,2853],{"class":62},[52,89229,37792],{"class":110},[52,89231,159],{"class":66},[14,89233,164],{},[42,89235,89237],{"className":44,"code":89236,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[49,89238,89239,89243,89252],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89240,89241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89242,85515],{"class":58},[52,89244,89245,89248,89250],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89246,89247],{"class":58},"Score",[52,89249,84],{"class":66},[52,89251,2986],{"class":110},[52,89253,89254,89256,89258],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,89255,45756],{"class":58},[52,89257,84],{"class":66},[52,89259,2986],{"class":110},[14,89261,89262],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[37,89264,89266],{"id":89265},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89268,89269,89270,35],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[49,89271,46605],{},[487,89273,89275],{"id":89274},"print-text","Print text",[14,89277,89278],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[42,89280,89282],{"className":44,"code":89281,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[49,89283,89284,89298],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89285,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89287,149],{"class":148},[52,89289,152],{"class":66},[52,89291,81],{"class":73},[52,89293,35012],{"class":77},[52,89295,81],{"class":73},[52,89297,159],{"class":66},[52,89299,89300,89302,89304,89306,89309,89311],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89301,149],{"class":148},[52,89303,152],{"class":66},[52,89305,81],{"class":73},[52,89307,89308],{"class":77},"Python is fun",[52,89310,81],{"class":73},[52,89312,159],{"class":66},[487,89314,89316],{"id":89315},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89318,89319],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[42,89321,89323],{"className":44,"code":89322,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[49,89324,89325,89335],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89326,89327,89329,89331,89333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89328,149],{"class":148},[52,89330,152],{"class":66},[52,89332,2531],{"class":110},[52,89334,159],{"class":66},[52,89336,89337,89339,89341,89343],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89338,149],{"class":148},[52,89340,152],{"class":66},[52,89342,40293],{"class":110},[52,89344,159],{"class":66},[487,89346,89348],{"id":89347},"print-variables","Print variables",[42,89350,89352],{"className":44,"code":89351,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[49,89353,89354,89362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89355,89356,89358,89360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89357,5492],{"class":58},[52,89359,63],{"class":62},[52,89361,14485],{"class":110},[52,89363,89364,89366,89368,89370],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89365,149],{"class":148},[52,89367,152],{"class":66},[52,89369,85679],{"class":155},[52,89371,159],{"class":66},[487,89373,89375],{"id":89374},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[42,89377,89379],{"className":44,"code":89378,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[49,89380,89381,89395],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89382,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89384,149],{"class":148},[52,89386,152],{"class":66},[52,89388,2451],{"class":110},[52,89390,2853],{"class":62},[52,89392,2850],{"class":110},[52,89394,159],{"class":66},[52,89396,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89407],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89398,149],{"class":148},[52,89400,152],{"class":66},[52,89402,2728],{"class":110},[52,89404,82991],{"class":62},[52,89406,2856],{"class":110},[52,89408,159],{"class":66},[14,89410,89411,89412,35],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[26,89413,51131],{"href":51130},[37,89415,89417],{"id":89416},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89419,89420,89422],{},[49,89421,46605],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89424,89425],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[42,89427,89429],{"className":44,"code":89428,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[49,89430,89431,89444,89452,89456,89475],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89432,89433,89435,89437,89439,89442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89434,8271],{"class":58},[52,89436,63],{"class":62},[52,89438,87],{"class":73},[52,89440,89441],{"class":77},"Ava",[52,89443,297],{"class":73},[52,89445,89446,89448,89450],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89447,21766],{"class":58},[52,89449,63],{"class":62},[52,89451,2986],{"class":110},[52,89453,89454],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,89455,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,89457,89458,89460,89462,89464,89467,89469,89471,89473],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,89459,149],{"class":148},[52,89461,152],{"class":66},[52,89463,81],{"class":73},[52,89465,89466],{"class":77},"Name:",[52,89468,81],{"class":73},[52,89470,193],{"class":66},[52,89472,36138],{"class":155},[52,89474,159],{"class":66},[52,89476,89477,89479,89481,89483,89486,89488,89490,89492],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,89478,149],{"class":148},[52,89480,152],{"class":66},[52,89482,81],{"class":73},[52,89484,89485],{"class":77},"Age:",[52,89487,81],{"class":73},[52,89489,193],{"class":66},[52,89491,847],{"class":155},[52,89493,159],{"class":66},[14,89495,164],{},[42,89497,89499],{"className":44,"code":89498,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[49,89500,89501,89511],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89502,89503,89506,89508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89504,89505],{"class":58},"Name",[52,89507,84],{"class":66},[52,89509,89510],{"class":58}," Ava\n",[52,89512,89513,89516,89518],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89514,89515],{"class":58},"Age",[52,89517,84],{"class":66},[52,89519,2986],{"class":110},[14,89521,89522,89523,35],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[49,89524,2454],{},[14,89526,89527],{},"For example, this works:",[42,89529,89531],{"className":44,"code":89530,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[49,89532,89533,89541],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89534,89535,89537,89539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89536,21766],{"class":58},[52,89538,63],{"class":62},[52,89540,2986],{"class":110},[52,89542,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89544,149],{"class":148},[52,89546,152],{"class":66},[52,89548,81],{"class":73},[52,89550,89485],{"class":77},[52,89552,81],{"class":73},[52,89554,193],{"class":66},[52,89556,847],{"class":155},[52,89558,159],{"class":66},[14,89560,37074],{},[42,89562,89564],{"className":44,"code":89563,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[49,89565,89566,89574],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89567,89568,89570,89572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89569,21766],{"class":58},[52,89571,63],{"class":62},[52,89573,2986],{"class":110},[52,89575,89576,89578,89580,89582,89585,89587,89589,89591],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89577,149],{"class":148},[52,89579,152],{"class":66},[52,89581,81],{"class":73},[52,89583,89584],{"class":77},"Age: ",[52,89586,81],{"class":73},[52,89588,2853],{"class":62},[52,89590,847],{"class":155},[52,89592,159],{"class":66},[14,89594,89595,89596,89599,89600,89602,89603,89605,89606,35],{},"That fails because ",[49,89597,89598],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[49,89601,103],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[49,89604,2454],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[26,89607,89608],{"href":42326},[49,89609,47837],{},[37,89611,89613],{"id":89612},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89615,89616,89618],{},[49,89617,46605],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[227,89620,89621,89627,89632,89637],{},[230,89622,89623,89626],{},[49,89624,89625],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[230,89628,89629,89631],{},[49,89630,52816],{}," controls what is added after the output",[230,89633,89634,89636],{},[49,89635,86901],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[230,89638,89639,89642],{},[49,89640,89641],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89644,89645,89646,2262,89648,35],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[49,89647,89625],{},[49,89649,52816],{},[37,89651,89653,36763],{"id":89652},"sep-argument",[49,89654,89625],{},[14,89656,2374,89657,89659],{},[49,89658,89625],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89661,89662],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[487,89664,89666],{"id":89665},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[42,89668,89670],{"className":44,"code":89669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[49,89671,89672],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89673,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89675,149],{"class":148},[52,89677,152],{"class":66},[52,89679,81],{"class":73},[52,89681,13448],{"class":77},[52,89683,81],{"class":73},[52,89685,193],{"class":66},[52,89687,87],{"class":73},[52,89689,17591],{"class":77},[52,89691,81],{"class":73},[52,89693,193],{"class":66},[52,89695,87],{"class":73},[52,89697,13465],{"class":77},[52,89699,81],{"class":73},[52,89701,159],{"class":66},[14,89703,164],{},[42,89705,89707],{"className":44,"code":89706,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"red green blue\n",[49,89708,89709],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89710,89711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89712,89706],{"class":58},[487,89714,89716],{"id":89715},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[42,89718,89720],{"className":44,"code":89719,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[49,89721,89722,89765],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89723,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748,89750,89752,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89725,149],{"class":148},[52,89727,152],{"class":66},[52,89729,81],{"class":73},[52,89731,13448],{"class":77},[52,89733,81],{"class":73},[52,89735,193],{"class":66},[52,89737,87],{"class":73},[52,89739,17591],{"class":77},[52,89741,81],{"class":73},[52,89743,193],{"class":66},[52,89745,87],{"class":73},[52,89747,13465],{"class":77},[52,89749,81],{"class":73},[52,89751,193],{"class":66},[52,89753,89754],{"class":834}," sep",[52,89756,63],{"class":62},[52,89758,81],{"class":73},[52,89760,193],{"class":77},[52,89762,81],{"class":73},[52,89764,159],{"class":66},[52,89766,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801,89804,89806],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89768,149],{"class":148},[52,89770,152],{"class":66},[52,89772,81],{"class":73},[52,89774,13448],{"class":77},[52,89776,81],{"class":73},[52,89778,193],{"class":66},[52,89780,87],{"class":73},[52,89782,17591],{"class":77},[52,89784,81],{"class":73},[52,89786,193],{"class":66},[52,89788,87],{"class":73},[52,89790,13465],{"class":77},[52,89792,81],{"class":73},[52,89794,193],{"class":66},[52,89796,89754],{"class":834},[52,89798,63],{"class":62},[52,89800,81],{"class":73},[52,89802,89803],{"class":77}," - ",[52,89805,81],{"class":73},[52,89807,159],{"class":66},[14,89809,164],{},[42,89811,89813],{"className":44,"code":89812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[49,89814,89815,89827],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89816,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89818,13448],{"class":58},[52,89820,193],{"class":66},[52,89822,17591],{"class":58},[52,89824,193],{"class":66},[52,89826,70140],{"class":58},[52,89828,89829,89832,89834,89837,89839],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89830,89831],{"class":58},"red ",[52,89833,2416],{"class":62},[52,89835,89836],{"class":58}," green ",[52,89838,2416],{"class":62},[52,89840,36027],{"class":58},[14,89842,89843,89845],{},[49,89844,89625],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89847,89848,89849,35],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[26,89850,89852],{"href":89851},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[37,89854,89856,36763],{"id":89855},"end-argument",[49,89857,52816],{},[14,89859,89860,89861,89863,89864,89866],{},"By default, ",[49,89862,46605],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[49,89865,46605],{}," starts on a new line.",[487,89868,89666],{"id":89869},"default-behavior-1",[42,89871,89873],{"className":44,"code":89872,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[49,89874,89875,89889],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89876,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89878,149],{"class":148},[52,89880,152],{"class":66},[52,89882,81],{"class":73},[52,89884,35012],{"class":77},[52,89886,81],{"class":73},[52,89888,159],{"class":66},[52,89890,89891,89893,89895,89897,89900,89902],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89892,149],{"class":148},[52,89894,152],{"class":66},[52,89896,81],{"class":73},[52,89898,89899],{"class":77},"World",[52,89901,81],{"class":73},[52,89903,159],{"class":66},[14,89905,164],{},[42,89907,89909],{"className":44,"code":89908,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello\nWorld\n",[49,89910,89911,89915],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89912,89913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89914,89108],{"class":58},[52,89916,89917],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89918,89919],{"class":58},"World\n",[487,89921,89923],{"id":89922},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[42,89925,89927],{"className":44,"code":89926,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[49,89928,89929,89951],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89930,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89932,149],{"class":148},[52,89934,152],{"class":66},[52,89936,81],{"class":73},[52,89938,35012],{"class":77},[52,89940,81],{"class":73},[52,89942,193],{"class":66},[52,89944,65199],{"class":834},[52,89946,63],{"class":62},[52,89948,6671],{"class":73},[52,89950,159],{"class":66},[52,89952,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,89954,149],{"class":148},[52,89956,152],{"class":66},[52,89958,81],{"class":73},[52,89960,89899],{"class":77},[52,89962,81],{"class":73},[52,89964,159],{"class":66},[14,89966,164],{},[42,89968,89970],{"className":44,"code":89969,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"HelloWorld\n",[49,89971,89972],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89973,89974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89975,89969],{"class":58},[487,89977,89979],{"id":89978},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[42,89981,89983],{"className":44,"code":89982,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[49,89984,89985,90014],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,89986,89987,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005,90008,90010,90012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89988,149],{"class":148},[52,89990,152],{"class":66},[52,89992,81],{"class":73},[52,89994,35012],{"class":77},[52,89996,81],{"class":73},[52,89998,193],{"class":66},[52,90000,65199],{"class":834},[52,90002,63],{"class":62},[52,90004,81],{"class":73},[52,90006,90007],{"class":77},"!",[52,90009,87312],{"class":34597},[52,90011,81],{"class":73},[52,90013,159],{"class":66},[52,90015,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90017,149],{"class":148},[52,90019,152],{"class":66},[52,90021,81],{"class":73},[52,90023,89899],{"class":77},[52,90025,81],{"class":73},[52,90027,159],{"class":66},[14,90029,164],{},[42,90031,90033],{"className":44,"code":90032,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[49,90034,90035,90040],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90036,90037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90038,90039],{"class":58},"Hello!\n",[52,90041,90042],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90043,89919],{"class":58},[14,90045,2374,90046,90048],{},[49,90047,52816],{}," argument is useful for:",[227,90050,90051,90054,90057],{},[230,90052,90053],{},"progress messages",[230,90055,90056],{},"inline output",[230,90058,90059],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[37,90061,90063,2795,90065],{"id":90062},"print-returns-none",[49,90064,46605],{},[49,90066,4175],{},[14,90068,90069,90070,90072],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[49,90071,46605],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,90074,511],{},[42,90076,90078],{"className":44,"code":90077,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[49,90079,90080,90100],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90081,90082,90084,90086,90089,90091,90093,90096,90098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90083,2626],{"class":58},[52,90085,63],{"class":62},[52,90087,90088],{"class":148}," print",[52,90090,152],{"class":66},[52,90092,81],{"class":73},[52,90094,90095],{"class":77},"Hi",[52,90097,81],{"class":73},[52,90099,159],{"class":66},[52,90101,90102,90104,90106,90108],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90103,149],{"class":148},[52,90105,152],{"class":66},[52,90107,2661],{"class":155},[52,90109,159],{"class":66},[14,90111,164],{},[42,90113,90115],{"className":44,"code":90114,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hi\nNone\n",[49,90116,90117,90122],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90118,90119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90120,90121],{"class":58},"Hi\n",[52,90123,90124],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90125,12165],{"class":128},[14,90127,90128],{},"Why does this happen?",[227,90130,90131,90139,90144],{},[230,90132,90133,90136,90137],{},[49,90134,90135],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[49,90138,90095],{},[230,90140,90141,90142],{},"but the function itself returns ",[49,90143,4175],{},[230,90145,90146,90147,12277,90149],{},"so ",[49,90148,2661],{},[49,90150,4175],{},[14,90152,90153,90154,90156],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[49,90155,46605],{}," call.",[42,90158,90160],{"className":44,"code":90159,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[49,90161,90162,90175],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90163,90164,90167,90169,90171,90173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90165,90166],{"class":58},"message ",[52,90168,63],{"class":62},[52,90170,87],{"class":73},[52,90172,90095],{"class":77},[52,90174,297],{"class":73},[52,90176,90177,90179,90181,90184],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90178,149],{"class":148},[52,90180,152],{"class":66},[52,90182,90183],{"class":155},"message",[52,90185,159],{"class":66},[14,90187,90188,90189,90191,90192,90196],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[49,90190,46605],{}," with functions like ",[26,90193,90194],{"href":8614},[49,90195,3355],{},", which do return a value.",[37,90198,90200,90201],{"id":90199},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[49,90202,46605],{},[14,90204,90205,90206,90208],{},"Beginners use ",[49,90207,46605],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[227,90210,90211,90214,90217,90220],{},[230,90212,90213],{},"to display results to the user",[230,90215,90216],{},"to show messages in a script",[230,90218,90219],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[230,90221,90222],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90224,511],{},[42,90226,90228],{"className":44,"code":90227,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[49,90229,90230,90238,90242,90262,90273],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90231,90232,90234,90236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90233,41333],{"class":58},[52,90235,63],{"class":62},[52,90237,38662],{"class":110},[52,90239,90240],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90241,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,90243,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,90245,6356],{"class":4272},[52,90247,6785],{"class":58},[52,90249,4279],{"class":4272},[52,90251,54226],{"class":148},[52,90253,152],{"class":66},[52,90255,1565],{"class":110},[52,90257,193],{"class":66},[52,90259,2856],{"class":110},[52,90261,8737],{"class":66},[52,90263,90264,90267,90270],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,90265,90266],{"class":58},"    total ",[52,90268,90269],{"class":62},"+=",[52,90271,90272],{"class":58}," number\n",[52,90274,90275,90277,90279,90281,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300,90302],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,90276,8463],{"class":148},[52,90278,152],{"class":66},[52,90280,81],{"class":73},[52,90282,90283],{"class":77},"Current number:",[52,90285,81],{"class":73},[52,90287,193],{"class":66},[52,90289,2593],{"class":155},[52,90291,193],{"class":66},[52,90293,87],{"class":73},[52,90295,45716],{"class":77},[52,90297,81],{"class":73},[52,90299,193],{"class":66},[52,90301,45723],{"class":155},[52,90303,159],{"class":66},[14,90305,164],{},[42,90307,90309],{"className":44,"code":90308,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[49,90310,90311,90327,90341],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90312,90313,90316,90318,90320,90323,90325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90314,90315],{"class":58},"Current number",[52,90317,84],{"class":66},[52,90319,5895],{"class":110},[52,90321,90322],{"class":58}," Total",[52,90324,84],{"class":66},[52,90326,29756],{"class":110},[52,90328,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90330,90315],{"class":58},[52,90332,84],{"class":66},[52,90334,1570],{"class":110},[52,90336,90322],{"class":58},[52,90338,84],{"class":66},[52,90340,2976],{"class":110},[52,90342,90343,90345,90347,90349,90351,90353],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,90344,90315],{"class":58},[52,90346,84],{"class":66},[52,90348,2850],{"class":110},[52,90350,90322],{"class":58},[52,90352,84],{"class":66},[52,90354,90355],{"class":110}," 6\n",[14,90357,90358,90359,35],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[26,90360,90362],{"href":90361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[37,90364,1743],{"id":1742},[14,90366,90367,90368,35],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[49,90369,46605],{},[487,90371,90373],{"id":90372},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90375,90376],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[42,90378,90380],{"className":44,"code":90379,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(Hello)\n",[49,90381,90382],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90383,90384,90386,90388,90390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90385,149],{"class":148},[52,90387,152],{"class":66},[52,90389,35012],{"class":155},[52,90391,159],{"class":66},[14,90393,9271,90394,90396],{},[49,90395,35012],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90398,11172],{},[42,90400,90402],{"className":44,"code":90401,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[49,90403,90404],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90405,90406,90408,90410,90412,90414,90416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90407,149],{"class":148},[52,90409,152],{"class":66},[52,90411,81],{"class":73},[52,90413,35012],{"class":77},[52,90415,81],{"class":73},[52,90417,159],{"class":66},[487,90419,8813,90421,90423],{"id":90420},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[49,90422,149],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90425,90426],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[42,90428,90430],{"className":44,"code":90429,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print \"Hello\"\n",[49,90431,90432],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90433,90434,90436,90438,90440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90435,149],{"class":148},[52,90437,87],{"class":73},[52,90439,35012],{"class":77},[52,90441,297],{"class":73},[14,90443,11172],{},[42,90445,90446],{"className":44,"code":90401,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,90447,90448],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90449,90450,90452,90454,90456,90458,90460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90451,149],{"class":148},[52,90453,152],{"class":66},[52,90455,81],{"class":73},[52,90457,35012],{"class":77},[52,90459,81],{"class":73},[52,90461,159],{"class":66},[487,90463,90465,90466],{"id":90464},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[49,90467,2454],{},[14,90469,90470,90471,35],{},"This causes a ",[49,90472,3401],{},[42,90474,90475],{"className":44,"code":89563,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,90476,90477,90485],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90478,90479,90481,90483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90480,21766],{"class":58},[52,90482,63],{"class":62},[52,90484,2986],{"class":110},[52,90486,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499,90501],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90488,149],{"class":148},[52,90490,152],{"class":66},[52,90492,81],{"class":73},[52,90494,89584],{"class":77},[52,90496,81],{"class":73},[52,90498,2853],{"class":62},[52,90500,847],{"class":155},[52,90502,159],{"class":66},[14,90504,90505],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[42,90507,90509],{"className":44,"code":90508,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[49,90510,90511],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90512,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525,90527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90514,149],{"class":148},[52,90516,152],{"class":66},[52,90518,81],{"class":73},[52,90520,89485],{"class":77},[52,90522,81],{"class":73},[52,90524,193],{"class":66},[52,90526,847],{"class":155},[52,90528,159],{"class":66},[14,90530,90531],{},"Or convert the number first:",[42,90533,90535],{"className":44,"code":90534,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[49,90536,90537],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90538,90539,90541,90543,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90540,149],{"class":148},[52,90542,152],{"class":66},[52,90544,81],{"class":73},[52,90546,89584],{"class":77},[52,90548,81],{"class":73},[52,90550,2853],{"class":62},[52,90552,49058],{"class":646},[52,90554,152],{"class":66},[52,90556,103],{"class":155},[52,90558,742],{"class":66},[14,90560,90561,90562,35],{},"If you see this error, read ",[26,90563,90565],{"href":90564},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[487,90567,8849,90569,90571],{"id":90568},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[49,90570,46605],{}," to return a value",[14,90573,90574,90575,35475,90578,84],{},"This does not store ",[49,90576,90577],{},"\"Hello\"",[49,90579,2661],{},[42,90581,90583],{"className":44,"code":90582,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[49,90584,90585],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90586,90587,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90588,2626],{"class":58},[52,90590,63],{"class":62},[52,90592,90088],{"class":148},[52,90594,152],{"class":66},[52,90596,81],{"class":73},[52,90598,35012],{"class":77},[52,90600,81],{"class":73},[52,90602,159],{"class":66},[14,90604,90605,90606,35],{},"It stores ",[49,90607,4175],{},[487,90609,90611,90612,2262,90614],{"id":90610},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[49,90613,89625],{},[49,90615,52816],{},[14,90617,85971],{},[227,90619,90620,90629],{},[230,90621,90622,90624,90625,90628],{},[49,90623,89625],{}," changes what goes ",[18,90626,90627],{},"between"," multiple values",[230,90630,90631,90633,90634,90637],{},[49,90632,52816],{}," changes what appears ",[18,90635,90636],{},"after"," the output",[37,90639,90641],{"id":90640},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90643,90644,90645,90647],{},"These simple ",[49,90646,46605],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[42,90649,90651],{"className":44,"code":90650,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[49,90652,90653,90673,90688],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90654,90655,90657,90659,90661,90664,90666,90668,90671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90656,149],{"class":148},[52,90658,152],{"class":66},[52,90660,81],{"class":73},[52,90662,90663],{"class":77},"Debug:",[52,90665,81],{"class":73},[52,90667,193],{"class":66},[52,90669,90670],{"class":155}," variable_name",[52,90672,159],{"class":66},[52,90674,90675,90677,90679,90681,90683,90686],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90676,149],{"class":148},[52,90678,152],{"class":66},[52,90680,734],{"class":646},[52,90682,152],{"class":66},[52,90684,90685],{"class":155},"variable_name",[52,90687,742],{"class":66},[52,90689,90690,90692,90694,90696],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,90691,32295],{"class":148},[52,90693,152],{"class":66},[52,90695,149],{"class":148},[52,90697,159],{"class":66},[14,90699,90700],{},"What they do:",[227,90702,90703,90709,90715],{},[230,90704,90705,90708],{},[49,90706,90707],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[230,90710,90711,90714],{},[49,90712,90713],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[230,90716,90717,90720,90721],{},[49,90718,90719],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[49,90722,46605],{},[37,90724,2220],{"id":2219},[487,90726,13061,90728,90730],{"id":90727},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[49,90729,46605],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90732,90733,90734,90736,90737,36769],{},"Yes. By default, ",[49,90735,46605],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[49,90738,52816],{},[487,90740,5567,90742,90744],{"id":90741},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[49,90743,46605],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90746,90747,90748,90750],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[49,90749,46605],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[487,90752,5555,90754,5558,90757,2265],{"id":90753},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[49,90755,90756],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[49,90758,4175],{},[14,90760,29202,90761,90763],{},[49,90762,46605],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[487,90765,90767],{"id":90766},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90769,90770],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[42,90772,90774],{"className":44,"code":90773,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[49,90775,90776],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90777,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90779,149],{"class":148},[52,90781,152],{"class":66},[52,90783,81],{"class":73},[52,90785,89485],{"class":77},[52,90787,81],{"class":73},[52,90789,193],{"class":66},[52,90791,6403],{"class":110},[52,90793,159],{"class":66},[14,90795,90796,90797,40079],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[49,90798,47837],{},[487,90800,2259,90802,2262,90804,2265],{"id":90801},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[49,90803,89625],{},[49,90805,52816],{},[227,90807,90808,90813],{},[230,90809,90810,90812],{},[49,90811,89625],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[230,90814,90815,90817],{},[49,90816,52816],{}," changes what appears after the output",[37,90819,2277],{"id":2276},[227,90821,90822,90826,90832,90838,90843,90848],{},[230,90823,90824],{},[26,90825,51131],{"href":51130},[230,90827,90828],{},[26,90829,3969,90830,3902],{"href":8614},[49,90831,3355],{},[230,90833,90834],{},[26,90835,3969,90836,3902],{"href":42326},[49,90837,47837],{},[230,90839,90840],{},[26,90841,90842],{"href":89851},"How to format strings in Python",[230,90844,90845],{},[26,90846,90847],{"href":90361},"How to debug Python code",[230,90849,90850],{},[26,90851,90565],{"href":90564},[2315,90853,90854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":90856},[90857,90858,90860,90861,90867,90868,90869,90874,90880,90882,90884,90895,90896,90907],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":89029,"depth":70,"text":90859},"What print() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":89265,"depth":70,"text":89266,"children":90862},[90863,90864,90865,90866],{"id":89274,"depth":98,"text":89275},{"id":89315,"depth":98,"text":89316},{"id":89347,"depth":98,"text":89348},{"id":89374,"depth":98,"text":89375},{"id":89416,"depth":70,"text":89417},{"id":89612,"depth":70,"text":89613},{"id":89652,"depth":70,"text":90870,"children":90871},"sep argument",[90872,90873],{"id":89665,"depth":98,"text":89666},{"id":89715,"depth":98,"text":89716},{"id":89855,"depth":70,"text":90875,"children":90876},"end argument",[90877,90878,90879],{"id":89869,"depth":98,"text":89666},{"id":89922,"depth":98,"text":89923},{"id":89978,"depth":98,"text":89979},{"id":90062,"depth":70,"text":90881},"print() returns None",{"id":90199,"depth":70,"text":90883},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":90885},[90886,90887,90889,90891,90893],{"id":90372,"depth":98,"text":90373},{"id":90420,"depth":98,"text":90888},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90464,"depth":98,"text":90890},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90568,"depth":98,"text":90892},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90610,"depth":98,"text":90894},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90640,"depth":70,"text":90641},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":90897},[90898,90900,90902,90904,90905],{"id":90727,"depth":98,"text":90899},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90741,"depth":98,"text":90901},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90753,"depth":98,"text":90903},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90766,"depth":98,"text":90767},{"id":90801,"depth":98,"text":90906},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88912,"description":90908},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90915,"title":90916,"body":90917,"description":93221,"extension":2357,"meta":93222,"navigation":141,"path":93223,"seo":93224,"stem":93225,"__hash__":93226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90918,"toc":93167},[90919,90924,90929,90942,90944,91009,91020,91025,91030,91032,91055,91058,91089,91091,91108,91113,91119,91124,91173,91176,91193,91199,91204,91227,91229,91257,91263,91271,91298,91300,91325,91331,91334,91365,91367,91396,91400,91403,91408,91430,91432,91460,91466,91472,91498,91500,91524,91530,91536,91566,91568,91596,91606,91610,91616,91649,91651,91680,91683,91686,91719,91721,91729,91735,91737,91760,91765,91774,91779,91793,91795,91835,91837,91867,91871,91906,91912,91916,91960,91962,91992,91998,92001,92080,92082,92104,92112,92115,92178,92186,92261,92267,92274,92279,92284,92307,92309,92330,92332,92345,92347,92394,92396,92435,92444,92446,92450,92454,92457,92484,92487,92516,92519,92543,92546,92554,92560,92582,92584,92612,92616,92621,92676,92681,92683,92740,92747,92756,92759,92791,92793,92801,92804,92810,92812,92835,92838,92844,92847,92866,92868,92887,92890,92912,92914,92942,92946,92950,93055,93057,93070,93072,93078,93081,93089,93094,93100,93106,93111,93119,93125,93132,93134,93164],[10,90920,3969,90922,3973],{"id":90921},"python-range-function-explained",[49,90923,36345],{},[14,90925,32460,90926,90928],{},[49,90927,36345],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90930,90931,90932,90934,90935,90937,90938,90941],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[49,90933,6356],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[49,90936,36345],{}," stops ",[18,90939,90940],{},"before"," the end value.",[37,90943,40],{"id":39},[42,90945,90947],{"className":44,"code":90946,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[49,90948,90949,90965,90975,90979,90984,90989,90994,90999,91004],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,90950,90951,90953,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90952,6356],{"class":4272},[52,90954,69707],{"class":58},[52,90956,4279],{"class":4272},[52,90958,54226],{"class":148},[52,90960,152],{"class":66},[52,90962,2531],{"class":110},[52,90964,8737],{"class":66},[52,90966,90967,90969,90971,90973],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,90968,8463],{"class":148},[52,90970,152],{"class":66},[52,90972,36301],{"class":155},[52,90974,159],{"class":66},[52,90976,90977],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,90978,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,90980,90981],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,90982,90983],{"class":1017},"# Output:\n",[52,90985,90986],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,90987,90988],{"class":1017},"# 0\n",[52,90990,90991],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,90992,90993],{"class":1017},"# 1\n",[52,90995,90996],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,90997,90998],{"class":1017},"# 2\n",[52,91000,91001],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,91002,91003],{"class":1017},"# 3\n",[52,91005,91006],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,91007,91008],{"class":1017},"# 4\n",[14,91010,91011,91014,91015,91017,91018,35],{},[49,91012,91013],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[49,91016,2514],{}," and stopping before ",[49,91019,2531],{},[37,91021,4073,91023,4076],{"id":91022},"what-range-does",[49,91024,36345],{},[14,91026,91027,91029],{},[49,91028,36345],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,91031,13407],{},[227,91033,91034,91039,91045,91050],{},[230,91035,91036,91038],{},[49,91037,36345],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[230,91040,91041,91042,91044],{},"It is commonly used with ",[49,91043,6356],{}," loops",[230,91046,91047,91048],{},"The stop value is ",[18,91049,65228],{},[230,91051,17557,91052,91054],{},[49,91053,60156],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,91056,91057],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[42,91059,91061],{"className":44,"code":91060,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[49,91062,91063,91079],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91064,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91066,6356],{"class":4272},[52,91068,6785],{"class":58},[52,91070,4279],{"class":4272},[52,91072,54226],{"class":148},[52,91074,152],{"class":66},[52,91076,2457],{"class":110},[52,91078,8737],{"class":66},[52,91080,91081,91083,91085,91087],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91082,8463],{"class":148},[52,91084,152],{"class":66},[52,91086,2636],{"class":155},[52,91088,159],{"class":66},[14,91090,164],{},[42,91092,91094],{"className":44,"code":91093,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0\n1\n2\n",[49,91095,91096,91100,91104],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91097,91098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91099,47405],{"class":110},[52,91101,91102],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91103,47070],{"class":110},[52,91105,91106],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,91107,2192],{"class":110},[14,91109,91110,91111,35],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[26,91112,36175],{"href":36174},[37,91114,91116,91118],{"id":91115},"range-syntax",[49,91117,36345],{}," syntax",[14,91120,91121,91123],{},[49,91122,36345],{}," has three common forms:",[42,91125,91127],{"className":44,"code":91126,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[49,91128,91129,91139,91154],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91130,91131,91133,91135,91137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91132,60156],{"class":148},[52,91134,152],{"class":66},[52,91136,75585],{"class":155},[52,91138,159],{"class":66},[52,91140,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91152],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91142,60156],{"class":148},[52,91144,152],{"class":66},[52,91146,36219],{"class":155},[52,91148,193],{"class":66},[52,91150,91151],{"class":155}," stop",[52,91153,159],{"class":66},[52,91155,91156,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91171],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,91157,60156],{"class":148},[52,91159,152],{"class":66},[52,91161,36219],{"class":155},[52,91163,193],{"class":66},[52,91165,91151],{"class":155},[52,91167,193],{"class":66},[52,91169,91170],{"class":155}," step",[52,91172,159],{"class":66},[14,91174,91175],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[227,91177,91178,91183,91188],{},[230,91179,91180,91182],{},[49,91181,36219],{}," = first number",[230,91184,91185,91187],{},[49,91186,75585],{}," = end limit, not included",[230,91189,91190,91192],{},[49,91191,75588],{}," = amount to move each time",[487,91194,91196],{"id":91195},"rangestop",[49,91197,91198],{},"range(stop)",[14,91200,91201,91202,35],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[49,91203,2514],{},[42,91205,91207],{"className":44,"code":91206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[49,91208,91209],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91210,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91212,149],{"class":148},[52,91214,152],{"class":66},[52,91216,8488],{"class":646},[52,91218,152],{"class":66},[52,91220,60156],{"class":148},[52,91222,152],{"class":66},[52,91224,2531],{"class":110},[52,91226,1291],{"class":66},[14,91228,164],{},[42,91230,91231],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91232,91233],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91234,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91236,1709],{"class":66},[52,91238,2514],{"class":110},[52,91240,193],{"class":66},[52,91242,5895],{"class":110},[52,91244,193],{"class":66},[52,91246,1570],{"class":110},[52,91248,193],{"class":66},[52,91250,2850],{"class":110},[52,91252,193],{"class":66},[52,91254,2856],{"class":110},[52,91256,4030],{"class":66},[487,91258,91260],{"id":91259},"rangestart-stop",[49,91261,91262],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91264,91265,91266,91268,91269,35],{},"This starts at ",[49,91267,36219],{}," and stops before ",[49,91270,75585],{},[42,91272,91274],{"className":44,"code":91273,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[49,91275,91276],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91277,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91279,149],{"class":148},[52,91281,152],{"class":66},[52,91283,8488],{"class":646},[52,91285,152],{"class":66},[52,91287,60156],{"class":148},[52,91289,152],{"class":66},[52,91291,2451],{"class":110},[52,91293,193],{"class":66},[52,91295,37792],{"class":110},[52,91297,1291],{"class":66},[14,91299,164],{},[42,91301,91303],{"className":44,"code":91302,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[49,91304,91305],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91306,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91308,1709],{"class":66},[52,91310,2451],{"class":110},[52,91312,193],{"class":66},[52,91314,2850],{"class":110},[52,91316,193],{"class":66},[52,91318,2856],{"class":110},[52,91320,193],{"class":66},[52,91322,5002],{"class":110},[52,91324,4030],{"class":66},[487,91326,91328],{"id":91327},"rangestart-stop-step",[49,91329,91330],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91332,91333],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[42,91335,91337],{"className":44,"code":91336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[49,91338,91339],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91340,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91342,149],{"class":148},[52,91344,152],{"class":66},[52,91346,8488],{"class":646},[52,91348,152],{"class":66},[52,91350,60156],{"class":148},[52,91352,152],{"class":66},[52,91354,1565],{"class":110},[52,91356,193],{"class":66},[52,91358,6403],{"class":110},[52,91360,193],{"class":66},[52,91362,1570],{"class":110},[52,91364,1291],{"class":66},[14,91366,164],{},[42,91368,91370],{"className":44,"code":91369,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[49,91371,91372],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91373,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91375,1709],{"class":66},[52,91377,1565],{"class":110},[52,91379,193],{"class":66},[52,91381,2850],{"class":110},[52,91383,193],{"class":66},[52,91385,5002],{"class":110},[52,91387,193],{"class":66},[52,91389,6392],{"class":110},[52,91391,193],{"class":66},[52,91393,54292],{"class":110},[52,91395,4030],{"class":66},[37,91397,91399],{"id":91398},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91401,91402],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[487,91404,91406],{"id":91405},"range5",[49,91407,91013],{},[42,91409,91410],{"className":44,"code":91206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91411,91412],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91413,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91415,149],{"class":148},[52,91417,152],{"class":66},[52,91419,8488],{"class":646},[52,91421,152],{"class":66},[52,91423,60156],{"class":148},[52,91425,152],{"class":66},[52,91427,2531],{"class":110},[52,91429,1291],{"class":66},[14,91431,164],{},[42,91433,91434],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91435,91436],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91437,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91439,1709],{"class":66},[52,91441,2514],{"class":110},[52,91443,193],{"class":66},[52,91445,5895],{"class":110},[52,91447,193],{"class":66},[52,91449,1570],{"class":110},[52,91451,193],{"class":66},[52,91453,2850],{"class":110},[52,91455,193],{"class":66},[52,91457,2856],{"class":110},[52,91459,4030],{"class":66},[14,91461,91265,91462,91268,91464,35],{},[49,91463,2514],{},[49,91465,2531],{},[487,91467,91469],{"id":91468},"range2-6",[49,91470,91471],{},"range(2, 6)",[42,91473,91474],{"className":44,"code":91273,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91475,91476],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91477,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91479,149],{"class":148},[52,91481,152],{"class":66},[52,91483,8488],{"class":646},[52,91485,152],{"class":66},[52,91487,60156],{"class":148},[52,91489,152],{"class":66},[52,91491,2451],{"class":110},[52,91493,193],{"class":66},[52,91495,37792],{"class":110},[52,91497,1291],{"class":66},[14,91499,164],{},[42,91501,91502],{"className":44,"code":91302,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91503,91504],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91505,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91507,1709],{"class":66},[52,91509,2451],{"class":110},[52,91511,193],{"class":66},[52,91513,2850],{"class":110},[52,91515,193],{"class":66},[52,91517,2856],{"class":110},[52,91519,193],{"class":66},[52,91521,5002],{"class":110},[52,91523,4030],{"class":66},[14,91525,91265,91526,91268,91528,35],{},[49,91527,2451],{},[49,91529,80753],{},[487,91531,91533],{"id":91532},"range1-10-2",[49,91534,91535],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[42,91537,91538],{"className":44,"code":91336,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91539,91540],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91541,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91543,149],{"class":148},[52,91545,152],{"class":66},[52,91547,8488],{"class":646},[52,91549,152],{"class":66},[52,91551,60156],{"class":148},[52,91553,152],{"class":66},[52,91555,1565],{"class":110},[52,91557,193],{"class":66},[52,91559,6403],{"class":110},[52,91561,193],{"class":66},[52,91563,1570],{"class":110},[52,91565,1291],{"class":66},[14,91567,164],{},[42,91569,91570],{"className":44,"code":91369,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91571,91572],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91573,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91575,1709],{"class":66},[52,91577,1565],{"class":110},[52,91579,193],{"class":66},[52,91581,2850],{"class":110},[52,91583,193],{"class":66},[52,91585,5002],{"class":110},[52,91587,193],{"class":66},[52,91589,6392],{"class":110},[52,91591,193],{"class":66},[52,91593,54292],{"class":110},[52,91595,4030],{"class":66},[14,91597,91598,91599,91601,91602,61459,91604,35],{},"This moves by ",[49,91600,2451],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[49,91603,1565],{},[49,91605,2539],{},[487,91607,91609],{"id":91608},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91611,91612,91613,91615],{},"A negative step makes ",[49,91614,36345],{}," count backward.",[42,91617,91619],{"className":44,"code":91618,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[49,91620,91621],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91622,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91624,149],{"class":148},[52,91626,152],{"class":66},[52,91628,8488],{"class":646},[52,91630,152],{"class":66},[52,91632,60156],{"class":148},[52,91634,152],{"class":66},[52,91636,2531],{"class":110},[52,91638,193],{"class":66},[52,91640,4229],{"class":110},[52,91642,193],{"class":66},[52,91644,2618],{"class":62},[52,91646,1565],{"class":110},[52,91648,1291],{"class":66},[14,91650,164],{},[42,91652,91654],{"className":44,"code":91653,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[49,91655,91656],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91657,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91659,1709],{"class":66},[52,91661,2531],{"class":110},[52,91663,193],{"class":66},[52,91665,2856],{"class":110},[52,91667,193],{"class":66},[52,91669,2850],{"class":110},[52,91671,193],{"class":66},[52,91673,1570],{"class":110},[52,91675,193],{"class":66},[52,91677,5895],{"class":110},[52,91679,4030],{"class":66},[14,91681,91682],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91684,91685],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[42,91687,91689],{"className":44,"code":91688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[49,91690,91691],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91692,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91694,149],{"class":148},[52,91696,152],{"class":66},[52,91698,8488],{"class":646},[52,91700,152],{"class":66},[52,91702,60156],{"class":148},[52,91704,152],{"class":66},[52,91706,1565],{"class":110},[52,91708,193],{"class":66},[52,91710,5002],{"class":110},[52,91712,193],{"class":66},[52,91714,2618],{"class":62},[52,91716,1565],{"class":110},[52,91718,1291],{"class":66},[14,91720,164],{},[42,91722,91723],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,91724,91725],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91726,91727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91728,38446],{"class":66},[487,91730,91731,76748,91733],{"id":76972},[49,91732,75588],{},[49,91734,2514],{},[14,91736,3235],{},[42,91738,91740],{"className":44,"code":91739,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[49,91741,91742],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91743,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91745,60156],{"class":148},[52,91747,152],{"class":66},[52,91749,1565],{"class":110},[52,91751,193],{"class":66},[52,91753,5002],{"class":110},[52,91755,193],{"class":66},[52,91757,4229],{"class":110},[52,91759,159],{"class":66},[14,91761,77017,91762,91764],{},[49,91763,40854],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[37,91766,8813,91768,91770,91771,91773],{"id":91767},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[49,91769,36345],{}," in a ",[49,91772,6356],{}," loop",[14,91775,91776,91778],{},[49,91777,36345],{}," is most useful when:",[227,91780,91781,91784,91787],{},[230,91782,91783],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[230,91785,91786],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[230,91788,91789,91790],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[49,91791,91792],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91794,511],{},[42,91796,91798],{"className":44,"code":91797,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[49,91799,91800,91816],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91801,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91803,6356],{"class":4272},[52,91805,69707],{"class":58},[52,91807,4279],{"class":4272},[52,91809,54226],{"class":148},[52,91811,152],{"class":66},[52,91813,2457],{"class":110},[52,91815,8737],{"class":66},[52,91817,91818,91820,91822,91824,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91819,8463],{"class":148},[52,91821,152],{"class":66},[52,91823,81],{"class":73},[52,91825,91826],{"class":77},"Loop number:",[52,91828,81],{"class":73},[52,91830,193],{"class":66},[52,91832,36276],{"class":155},[52,91834,159],{"class":66},[14,91836,164],{},[42,91838,91840],{"className":44,"code":91839,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[49,91841,91842,91851,91859],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91843,91844,91847,91849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91845,91846],{"class":58},"Loop number",[52,91848,84],{"class":66},[52,91850,38662],{"class":110},[52,91852,91853,91855,91857],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91854,91846],{"class":58},[52,91856,84],{"class":66},[52,91858,29756],{"class":110},[52,91860,91861,91863,91865],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,91862,91846],{"class":58},[52,91864,84],{"class":66},[52,91866,45742],{"class":110},[487,91868,91870],{"id":91869},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[42,91872,91874],{"className":44,"code":91873,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[49,91875,91876,91892],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91877,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91879,6356],{"class":4272},[52,91881,69707],{"class":58},[52,91883,4279],{"class":4272},[52,91885,54226],{"class":148},[52,91887,152],{"class":66},[52,91889,2531],{"class":110},[52,91891,8737],{"class":66},[52,91893,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91895,8463],{"class":148},[52,91897,152],{"class":66},[52,91899,81],{"class":73},[52,91901,35012],{"class":77},[52,91903,81],{"class":73},[52,91905,159],{"class":66},[14,91907,91908,91909,91911],{},"This prints ",[49,91910,90577],{}," five times.",[487,91913,91915],{"id":91914},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[42,91917,91919],{"className":44,"code":91918,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[49,91920,91921,91941],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91922,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91924,6356],{"class":4272},[52,91926,69707],{"class":58},[52,91928,4279],{"class":4272},[52,91930,54226],{"class":148},[52,91932,152],{"class":66},[52,91934,1565],{"class":110},[52,91936,193],{"class":66},[52,91938,2856],{"class":110},[52,91940,8737],{"class":66},[52,91942,91943,91945,91947,91949,91952,91954,91956,91958],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91944,8463],{"class":148},[52,91946,152],{"class":66},[52,91948,81],{"class":73},[52,91950,91951],{"class":77},"Current number is",[52,91953,81],{"class":73},[52,91955,193],{"class":66},[52,91957,36276],{"class":155},[52,91959,159],{"class":66},[14,91961,164],{},[42,91963,91965],{"className":44,"code":91964,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[49,91966,91967,91976,91984],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,91968,91969,91972,91974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91970,91971],{"class":58},"Current number ",[52,91973,12551],{"class":62},[52,91975,29756],{"class":110},[52,91977,91978,91980,91982],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,91979,91971],{"class":58},[52,91981,12551],{"class":62},[52,91983,45742],{"class":110},[52,91985,91986,91988,91990],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,91987,91971],{"class":58},[52,91989,12551],{"class":62},[52,91991,2976],{"class":110},[487,91993,91995,91997],{"id":91994},"range-and-indexing",[49,91996,36345],{}," and indexing",[14,91999,92000],{},"You may see code like this:",[42,92002,92004],{"className":44,"code":92003,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[49,92005,92006,92038,92042,92062],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92007,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92009,8175],{"class":58},[52,92011,63],{"class":62},[52,92013,4017],{"class":66},[52,92015,81],{"class":73},[52,92017,26],{"class":77},[52,92019,81],{"class":73},[52,92021,193],{"class":66},[52,92023,87],{"class":73},[52,92025,5157],{"class":77},[52,92027,81],{"class":73},[52,92029,193],{"class":66},[52,92031,87],{"class":73},[52,92033,10111],{"class":77},[52,92035,81],{"class":73},[52,92037,4030],{"class":66},[52,92039,92040],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92041,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,92043,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92045,6356],{"class":4272},[52,92047,69707],{"class":58},[52,92049,4279],{"class":4272},[52,92051,54226],{"class":148},[52,92053,152],{"class":66},[52,92055,2082],{"class":148},[52,92057,152],{"class":66},[52,92059,8204],{"class":155},[52,92061,69722],{"class":66},[52,92063,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,92065,8463],{"class":148},[52,92067,152],{"class":66},[52,92069,36301],{"class":155},[52,92071,193],{"class":66},[52,92073,6364],{"class":155},[52,92075,1709],{"class":66},[52,92077,36301],{"class":155},[52,92079,1718],{"class":66},[14,92081,164],{},[42,92083,92084],{"className":44,"code":36313,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92085,92086,92092,92098],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92087,92088,92090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92089,2514],{"class":110},[52,92091,36322],{"class":58},[52,92093,92094,92096],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92095,1565],{"class":110},[52,92097,36329],{"class":58},[52,92099,92100,92102],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92101,2451],{"class":110},[52,92103,36336],{"class":58},[14,92105,92106,92107,92111],{},"This works, and it uses ",[26,92108,92109],{"href":42509},[49,92110,42512],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92113,92114],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[42,92116,92118],{"className":44,"code":92117,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[49,92119,92120,92152,92156,92168],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92121,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92123,8175],{"class":58},[52,92125,63],{"class":62},[52,92127,4017],{"class":66},[52,92129,81],{"class":73},[52,92131,26],{"class":77},[52,92133,81],{"class":73},[52,92135,193],{"class":66},[52,92137,87],{"class":73},[52,92139,5157],{"class":77},[52,92141,81],{"class":73},[52,92143,193],{"class":66},[52,92145,87],{"class":73},[52,92147,10111],{"class":77},[52,92149,81],{"class":73},[52,92151,4030],{"class":66},[52,92153,92154],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92155,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,92157,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92159,6356],{"class":4272},[52,92161,6359],{"class":58},[52,92163,4279],{"class":4272},[52,92165,6364],{"class":58},[52,92167,6792],{"class":66},[52,92169,92170,92172,92174,92176],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,92171,8463],{"class":148},[52,92173,152],{"class":66},[52,92175,23449],{"class":155},[52,92177,159],{"class":66},[14,92179,36740,92180,92185],{},[26,92181,92183],{"href":92182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[49,92184,35895],{}," is usually a better choice:",[42,92187,92189],{"className":44,"code":92188,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[49,92190,92191,92223,92227,92247],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92192,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92194,8175],{"class":58},[52,92196,63],{"class":62},[52,92198,4017],{"class":66},[52,92200,81],{"class":73},[52,92202,26],{"class":77},[52,92204,81],{"class":73},[52,92206,193],{"class":66},[52,92208,87],{"class":73},[52,92210,5157],{"class":77},[52,92212,81],{"class":73},[52,92214,193],{"class":66},[52,92216,87],{"class":73},[52,92218,10111],{"class":77},[52,92220,81],{"class":73},[52,92222,4030],{"class":66},[52,92224,92225],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92226,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,92228,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92230,6356],{"class":4272},[52,92232,35967],{"class":58},[52,92234,193],{"class":66},[52,92236,6359],{"class":58},[52,92238,4279],{"class":4272},[52,92240,35977],{"class":148},[52,92242,152],{"class":66},[52,92244,8204],{"class":155},[52,92246,8737],{"class":66},[52,92248,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,92250,8463],{"class":148},[52,92252,152],{"class":66},[52,92254,35992],{"class":155},[52,92256,193],{"class":66},[52,92258,29648],{"class":155},[52,92260,159],{"class":66},[14,92262,79277,92263,35],{},[26,92264,36753,92265,36756],{"href":36752},[49,92266,35895],{},[37,92268,92270,92271,92273],{"id":92269},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[49,92272,36345],{}," to a list",[14,92275,92276,92278],{},[49,92277,36345],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92280,92281,92282,84],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[49,92283,24920],{},[42,92285,92287],{"className":44,"code":92286,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[49,92288,92289],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92290,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92292,149],{"class":148},[52,92294,152],{"class":66},[52,92296,8488],{"class":646},[52,92298,152],{"class":66},[52,92300,60156],{"class":148},[52,92302,152],{"class":66},[52,92304,2457],{"class":110},[52,92306,1291],{"class":66},[14,92308,164],{},[42,92310,92312],{"className":44,"code":92311,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[49,92313,92314],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92315,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92317,1709],{"class":66},[52,92319,2514],{"class":110},[52,92321,193],{"class":66},[52,92323,5895],{"class":110},[52,92325,193],{"class":66},[52,92327,1570],{"class":110},[52,92329,4030],{"class":66},[14,92331,33455],{},[227,92333,92334,92339,92342],{},[230,92335,92336,92337,42236],{},"learning how ",[49,92338,36345],{},[230,92340,92341],{},"checking your values",[230,92343,92344],{},"debugging code",[14,92346,5869],{},[42,92348,92350],{"className":44,"code":92349,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[49,92351,92352,92366,92370,92380],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92353,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92355,4012],{"class":58},[52,92357,63],{"class":62},[52,92359,54226],{"class":148},[52,92361,152],{"class":66},[52,92363,2903],{"class":110},[52,92365,159],{"class":66},[52,92367,92368],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92369,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,92371,92372,92374,92376,92378],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92373,149],{"class":148},[52,92375,152],{"class":66},[52,92377,1578],{"class":155},[52,92379,159],{"class":66},[52,92381,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,92383,149],{"class":148},[52,92385,152],{"class":66},[52,92387,8488],{"class":646},[52,92389,152],{"class":66},[52,92391,1578],{"class":155},[52,92393,742],{"class":66},[14,92395,164],{},[42,92397,92399],{"className":44,"code":92398,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[49,92400,92401,92415],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92402,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92404,60156],{"class":148},[52,92406,152],{"class":66},[52,92408,2514],{"class":110},[52,92410,193],{"class":66},[52,92412,2856],{"class":110},[52,92414,159],{"class":66},[52,92416,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92418,1709],{"class":66},[52,92420,2514],{"class":110},[52,92422,193],{"class":66},[52,92424,5895],{"class":110},[52,92426,193],{"class":66},[52,92428,1570],{"class":110},[52,92430,193],{"class":66},[52,92432,2850],{"class":110},[52,92434,4030],{"class":66},[14,92436,92437,92438,10954,92440,92443],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[49,92439,60156],{},[49,92441,92442],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[37,92445,4915],{"id":4914},[14,92447,33684,92448,35],{},[49,92449,36345],{},[487,92451,92453],{"id":92452},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92455,92456],{},"Many beginners think this:",[42,92458,92460],{"className":44,"code":92459,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[49,92461,92462],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92463,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92465,149],{"class":148},[52,92467,152],{"class":66},[52,92469,8488],{"class":646},[52,92471,152],{"class":66},[52,92473,60156],{"class":148},[52,92475,152],{"class":66},[52,92477,1565],{"class":110},[52,92479,193],{"class":66},[52,92481,5002],{"class":110},[52,92483,1291],{"class":66},[14,92485,92486],{},"will produce:",[42,92488,92490],{"className":44,"code":92489,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[49,92491,92492],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92493,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92495,1709],{"class":66},[52,92497,1565],{"class":110},[52,92499,193],{"class":66},[52,92501,1570],{"class":110},[52,92503,193],{"class":66},[52,92505,2850],{"class":110},[52,92507,193],{"class":66},[52,92509,2856],{"class":110},[52,92511,193],{"class":66},[52,92513,5002],{"class":110},[52,92515,4030],{"class":66},[14,92517,92518],{},"But the real output is:",[42,92520,92521],{"className":44,"code":53661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92522,92523],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92524,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92526,1709],{"class":66},[52,92528,1565],{"class":110},[52,92530,193],{"class":66},[52,92532,1570],{"class":110},[52,92534,193],{"class":66},[52,92536,2850],{"class":110},[52,92538,193],{"class":66},[52,92540,2856],{"class":110},[52,92542,4030],{"class":66},[14,92544,92545],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[487,92547,4976,92549,92551,92552],{"id":92548},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[49,92550,91013],{}," starts at ",[49,92553,1565],{},[14,92555,37616,92556,19100,92558,35],{},[49,92557,2514],{},[49,92559,1565],{},[42,92561,92562],{"className":44,"code":91206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92563,92564],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92565,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92567,149],{"class":148},[52,92569,152],{"class":66},[52,92571,8488],{"class":646},[52,92573,152],{"class":66},[52,92575,60156],{"class":148},[52,92577,152],{"class":66},[52,92579,2531],{"class":110},[52,92581,1291],{"class":66},[14,92583,164],{},[42,92585,92586],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92587,92588],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92589,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92591,1709],{"class":66},[52,92593,2514],{"class":110},[52,92595,193],{"class":66},[52,92597,5895],{"class":110},[52,92599,193],{"class":66},[52,92601,1570],{"class":110},[52,92603,193],{"class":66},[52,92605,2850],{"class":110},[52,92607,193],{"class":66},[52,92609,2856],{"class":110},[52,92611,4030],{"class":66},[487,92613,92615],{"id":92614},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92617,92618,92619,84],{},"This often happens with ",[49,92620,3355],{},[42,92622,92624],{"className":44,"code":92623,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[49,92625,92626,92645,92649,92666],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92627,92628,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92629,92630],{"class":58},"user_number ",[52,92632,63],{"class":62},[52,92634,8637],{"class":148},[52,92636,152],{"class":66},[52,92638,81],{"class":73},[52,92640,42022],{"class":77},[52,92642,81],{"class":73},[52,92644,159],{"class":66},[52,92646,92647],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92648,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,92650,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92664],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92652,6356],{"class":4272},[52,92654,69707],{"class":58},[52,92656,4279],{"class":4272},[52,92658,54226],{"class":148},[52,92660,152],{"class":66},[52,92662,92663],{"class":155},"user_number",[52,92665,8737],{"class":66},[52,92667,92668,92670,92672,92674],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,92669,8463],{"class":148},[52,92671,152],{"class":66},[52,92673,36301],{"class":155},[52,92675,159],{"class":66},[14,92677,48664,92678,92680],{},[49,92679,3355],{}," returns a string.",[14,92682,11172],{},[42,92684,92686],{"className":44,"code":92685,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[49,92687,92688,92710,92714,92730],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92689,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92691,92630],{"class":58},[52,92693,63],{"class":62},[52,92695,45429],{"class":646},[52,92697,152],{"class":66},[52,92699,42614],{"class":148},[52,92701,152],{"class":66},[52,92703,81],{"class":73},[52,92705,42022],{"class":77},[52,92707,81],{"class":73},[52,92709,742],{"class":66},[52,92711,92712],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92713,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,92715,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92717,6356],{"class":4272},[52,92719,69707],{"class":58},[52,92721,4279],{"class":4272},[52,92723,54226],{"class":148},[52,92725,152],{"class":66},[52,92727,92663],{"class":155},[52,92729,8737],{"class":66},[52,92731,92732,92734,92736,92738],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,92733,8463],{"class":148},[52,92735,152],{"class":66},[52,92737,36301],{"class":155},[52,92739,159],{"class":66},[14,92741,92742,92743,35],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[26,92744,50678,92745],{"href":50677},[49,92746,50681],{},[487,92748,92750,92751,92753,92754],{"id":92749},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[49,92752,36219],{}," smaller than ",[49,92755,75585],{},[14,92757,92758],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[42,92760,92761],{"className":44,"code":91688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92762,92763],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92764,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92766,149],{"class":148},[52,92768,152],{"class":66},[52,92770,8488],{"class":646},[52,92772,152],{"class":66},[52,92774,60156],{"class":148},[52,92776,152],{"class":66},[52,92778,1565],{"class":110},[52,92780,193],{"class":66},[52,92782,5002],{"class":110},[52,92784,193],{"class":66},[52,92786,2618],{"class":62},[52,92788,1565],{"class":110},[52,92790,1291],{"class":66},[14,92792,164],{},[42,92794,92795],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92796,92797],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92798,92799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92800,38446],{"class":66},[14,92802,92803],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[487,92805,25756,92807],{"id":92806},"trying-to-use-step-0",[49,92808,92809],{},"step = 0",[14,92811,77728],{},[42,92813,92815],{"className":44,"code":92814,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[49,92816,92817],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92818,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92820,60156],{"class":148},[52,92822,152],{"class":66},[52,92824,1565],{"class":110},[52,92826,193],{"class":66},[52,92828,6403],{"class":110},[52,92830,193],{"class":66},[52,92832,4229],{"class":110},[52,92834,159],{"class":66},[14,92836,92837],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[487,92839,5100,92841,92843],{"id":92840},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[49,92842,36345],{}," is not a list",[14,92845,92846],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[42,92848,92850],{"className":44,"code":92849,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(range(5))\n",[49,92851,92852],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92853,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92855,149],{"class":148},[52,92857,152],{"class":66},[52,92859,60156],{"class":148},[52,92861,152],{"class":66},[52,92863,2531],{"class":110},[52,92865,742],{"class":66},[14,92867,164],{},[42,92869,92871],{"className":44,"code":92870,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(0, 5)\n",[49,92872,92873],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92874,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92876,60156],{"class":148},[52,92878,152],{"class":66},[52,92880,2514],{"class":110},[52,92882,193],{"class":66},[52,92884,5002],{"class":110},[52,92886,159],{"class":66},[14,92888,92889],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[42,92891,92892],{"className":44,"code":91206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92893,92894],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92895,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92897,149],{"class":148},[52,92899,152],{"class":66},[52,92901,8488],{"class":646},[52,92903,152],{"class":66},[52,92905,60156],{"class":148},[52,92907,152],{"class":66},[52,92909,2531],{"class":110},[52,92911,1291],{"class":66},[14,92913,164],{},[42,92915,92916],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,92917,92918],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92919,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92921,1709],{"class":66},[52,92923,2514],{"class":110},[52,92925,193],{"class":66},[52,92927,5895],{"class":110},[52,92929,193],{"class":66},[52,92931,1570],{"class":110},[52,92933,193],{"class":66},[52,92935,2850],{"class":110},[52,92937,193],{"class":66},[52,92939,2856],{"class":110},[52,92941,4030],{"class":66},[37,92943,92945],{"id":92944},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92947,9271,92948,82499],{},[49,92949,36345],{},[42,92951,92953],{"className":44,"code":92952,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[49,92954,92955,92969,92987,93009,93037],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,92956,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92958,149],{"class":148},[52,92960,152],{"class":66},[52,92962,60156],{"class":148},[52,92964,152],{"class":66},[52,92966,2531],{"class":110},[52,92968,742],{"class":66},[52,92970,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,92972,149],{"class":148},[52,92974,152],{"class":66},[52,92976,8488],{"class":646},[52,92978,152],{"class":66},[52,92980,60156],{"class":148},[52,92982,152],{"class":66},[52,92984,2531],{"class":110},[52,92986,1291],{"class":66},[52,92988,92989,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,92990,149],{"class":148},[52,92992,152],{"class":66},[52,92994,8488],{"class":646},[52,92996,152],{"class":66},[52,92998,60156],{"class":148},[52,93000,152],{"class":66},[52,93002,2451],{"class":110},[52,93004,193],{"class":66},[52,93006,6758],{"class":110},[52,93008,1291],{"class":66},[52,93010,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,93012,149],{"class":148},[52,93014,152],{"class":66},[52,93016,8488],{"class":646},[52,93018,152],{"class":66},[52,93020,60156],{"class":148},[52,93022,152],{"class":66},[52,93024,2728],{"class":110},[52,93026,193],{"class":66},[52,93028,4229],{"class":110},[52,93030,193],{"class":66},[52,93032,2618],{"class":62},[52,93034,2451],{"class":110},[52,93036,1291],{"class":66},[52,93038,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,93040,149],{"class":148},[52,93042,152],{"class":66},[52,93044,734],{"class":646},[52,93046,152],{"class":66},[52,93048,60156],{"class":148},[52,93050,152],{"class":66},[52,93052,2531],{"class":110},[52,93054,1291],{"class":66},[14,93056,26148],{},[227,93058,93059,93062,93065],{},[230,93060,93061],{},"what values are being created",[230,93063,93064],{},"whether the direction is correct",[230,93066,93067,93068,24756],{},"whether you are working with a ",[49,93069,60156],{},[37,93071,2220],{"id":2219},[487,93073,13061,93075,93077],{"id":93074},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[49,93076,36345],{}," include the last number?",[14,93079,93080],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[487,93082,5555,93084,93086,93087,2265],{"id":93083},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[49,93085,91013],{}," start at ",[49,93088,2514],{},[14,93090,93091,93092,35],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[49,93093,2514],{},[487,93095,5567,93097,93099],{"id":93096},"can-range-count-backward",[49,93098,36345],{}," count backward?",[14,93101,93102,93103,35],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[49,93104,93105],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[487,93107,15257,93109,26183],{"id":93108},"is-range-a-list",[49,93110,36345],{},[14,93112,26186,93113,93115,93116,24077],{},[49,93114,60156],{}," object. Use ",[49,93117,93118],{},"list(range(...))",[487,93120,5555,93122,48838],{"id":93121},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[49,93123,93124],{},"range(input())",[14,93126,93127,3877,93129,35],{},[49,93128,3355],{},[49,93130,93131],{},"int(input())",[37,93133,2277],{"id":2276},[227,93135,93136,93140,93146,93152,93158],{},[230,93137,93138],{},[26,93139,36175],{"href":36174},[230,93141,93142],{},[26,93143,3969,93144,3902],{"href":42509},[49,93145,42512],{},[230,93147,93148],{},[26,93149,3969,93150,3902],{"href":92182},[49,93151,35895],{},[230,93153,93154],{},[26,93155,37667,93156,36756],{"href":36752},[49,93157,35895],{},[230,93159,93160],{},[26,93161,50678,93162],{"href":50677},[49,93163,50681],{},[2315,93165,93166],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":93168},[93169,93170,93172,93178,93186,93193,93195,93207,93208,93220],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":91022,"depth":70,"text":93171},"What range() does",{"id":91115,"depth":70,"text":93173,"children":93174},"range() syntax",[93175,93176,93177],{"id":91195,"depth":98,"text":91198},{"id":91259,"depth":98,"text":91262},{"id":91327,"depth":98,"text":91330},{"id":91398,"depth":70,"text":91399,"children":93179},[93180,93181,93182,93183,93184],{"id":91405,"depth":98,"text":91013},{"id":91468,"depth":98,"text":91471},{"id":91532,"depth":98,"text":91535},{"id":91608,"depth":98,"text":91609},{"id":76972,"depth":98,"text":93185},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91767,"depth":70,"text":93187,"children":93188},"Using range() in a for loop",[93189,93190,93191],{"id":91869,"depth":98,"text":91870},{"id":91914,"depth":98,"text":91915},{"id":91994,"depth":98,"text":93192},"range() and indexing",{"id":92269,"depth":70,"text":93194},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":93196},[93197,93198,93200,93201,93203,93205],{"id":92452,"depth":98,"text":92453},{"id":92548,"depth":98,"text":93199},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92614,"depth":98,"text":92615},{"id":92749,"depth":98,"text":93202},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92806,"depth":98,"text":93204},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92840,"depth":98,"text":93206},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92944,"depth":70,"text":92945},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":93209},[93210,93212,93214,93216,93218],{"id":93074,"depth":98,"text":93211},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93083,"depth":98,"text":93213},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93096,"depth":98,"text":93215},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93108,"depth":98,"text":93217},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93121,"depth":98,"text":93219},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90916,"description":93221},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93228,"title":93229,"body":93230,"description":94903,"extension":2357,"meta":94904,"navigation":141,"path":94905,"seo":94906,"stem":94907,"__hash__":94908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93231,"toc":94876},[93232,93241,93248,93265,93281,93283,93332,93340,93344,93347,93367,93369,93433,93435,93478,93481,93527,93529,93562,93572,93578,93586,93603,93605,93636,93638,93663,93668,93679,93682,93752,93754,93785,93790,93795,93812,93814,93865,93867,93900,93903,93910,93915,93919,93935,93937,93981,93983,94029,94032,94045,94050,94054,94068,94070,94121,94123,94156,94161,94163,94170,94172,94195,94197,94262,94264,94281,94284,94317,94319,94347,94357,94364,94368,94371,94389,94392,94420,94423,94441,94446,94452,94455,94477,94479,94507,94509,94512,94537,94540,94653,94655,94734,94736,94742,94747,94755,94763,94767,94770,94772,94805,94807,94815,94821,94828,94835,94838,94840,94873],[10,93233,3969,93235,10954,93237,93240],{"id":93234},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[49,93236,36345],{},[49,93238,93239],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93242,93243,2262,93245,93247],{},[49,93244,36345],{},[49,93246,93239],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[227,93249,93250,93258],{},[230,93251,93252,93254,93255],{},[49,93253,36345],{}," creates a ",[18,93256,93257],{},"range object",[230,93259,93260,93254,93262],{},[49,93261,93239],{},[18,93263,93264],{},"real list",[14,93266,93267,93268,93270,93271,93274,93275,93277,93278,93280],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[49,93269,91013],{}," to behave exactly like ",[49,93272,93273],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[49,93276,36345],{}," for looping, and only use ",[49,93279,93239],{}," when you actually need a list.",[37,93282,4002],{"id":4001},[42,93284,93286],{"className":44,"code":93285,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,93287,93288,93302,93315],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93289,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93291,4012],{"class":58},[52,93293,63],{"class":62},[52,93295,54226],{"class":148},[52,93297,152],{"class":66},[52,93299,2531],{"class":110},[52,93301,159],{"class":66},[52,93303,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93305,149],{"class":148},[52,93307,152],{"class":66},[52,93309,1578],{"class":155},[52,93311,4056],{"class":66},[52,93313,93314],{"class":1017},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[52,93316,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,93318,149],{"class":148},[52,93320,152],{"class":66},[52,93322,8488],{"class":646},[52,93324,152],{"class":66},[52,93326,1578],{"class":155},[52,93328,5758],{"class":66},[52,93330,93331],{"class":1017},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93333,340,93334,93336,93337,93339],{},[49,93335,36345],{}," for looping. Use ",[49,93338,93239],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[37,93341,93343],{"id":93342},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93345,93346],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[227,93348,93349,93356,93361,93364],{},[230,93350,93351,22113,93353,93355],{},[49,93352,36345],{},[18,93354,93257],{},", not a list",[230,93357,93358,93360],{},[49,93359,93239],{}," converts that range object into a list",[230,93362,93363],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[230,93365,93366],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93368,511],{},[42,93370,93372],{"className":44,"code":93371,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[49,93373,93374,93389,93408,93412,93422],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93375,93376,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93377,93378],{"class":58},"r ",[52,93380,63],{"class":62},[52,93382,54226],{"class":148},[52,93384,152],{"class":66},[52,93386,2531],{"class":110},[52,93388,159],{"class":66},[52,93390,93391,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93392,93393],{"class":58},"lst ",[52,93395,63],{"class":62},[52,93397,22698],{"class":646},[52,93399,152],{"class":66},[52,93401,60156],{"class":148},[52,93403,152],{"class":66},[52,93405,2531],{"class":110},[52,93407,742],{"class":66},[52,93409,93410],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,93411,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,93413,93414,93416,93418,93420],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,93415,149],{"class":148},[52,93417,152],{"class":66},[52,93419,60663],{"class":155},[52,93421,159],{"class":66},[52,93423,93424,93426,93428,93431],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,93425,149],{"class":148},[52,93427,152],{"class":66},[52,93429,93430],{"class":155},"lst",[52,93432,159],{"class":66},[14,93434,164],{},[42,93436,93438],{"className":44,"code":93437,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,93439,93440,93454],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93441,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93443,60156],{"class":148},[52,93445,152],{"class":66},[52,93447,2514],{"class":110},[52,93449,193],{"class":66},[52,93451,5002],{"class":110},[52,93453,159],{"class":66},[52,93455,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93457,1709],{"class":66},[52,93459,2514],{"class":110},[52,93461,193],{"class":66},[52,93463,5895],{"class":110},[52,93465,193],{"class":66},[52,93467,1570],{"class":110},[52,93469,193],{"class":66},[52,93471,2850],{"class":110},[52,93473,193],{"class":66},[52,93475,2856],{"class":110},[52,93477,4030],{"class":66},[14,93479,93480],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[42,93482,93484],{"className":44,"code":93483,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[49,93485,93486,93504],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93487,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93489,149],{"class":148},[52,93491,152],{"class":66},[52,93493,734],{"class":646},[52,93495,152],{"class":66},[52,93497,60156],{"class":148},[52,93499,152],{"class":66},[52,93501,2531],{"class":110},[52,93503,1291],{"class":66},[52,93505,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93507,149],{"class":148},[52,93509,152],{"class":66},[52,93511,734],{"class":646},[52,93513,152],{"class":66},[52,93515,8488],{"class":646},[52,93517,152],{"class":66},[52,93519,60156],{"class":148},[52,93521,152],{"class":66},[52,93523,2531],{"class":110},[52,93525,93526],{"class":66},"))))\n",[14,93528,164],{},[42,93530,93532],{"className":44,"code":93531,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[49,93533,93534,93548],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93535,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93537,771],{"class":62},[52,93539,775],{"class":774},[52,93541,186],{"class":73},[52,93543,60156],{"class":77},[52,93545,177],{"class":73},[52,93547,785],{"class":62},[52,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93551,771],{"class":62},[52,93553,775],{"class":774},[52,93555,186],{"class":73},[52,93557,8488],{"class":77},[52,93559,177],{"class":73},[52,93561,785],{"class":62},[14,93563,93564,93565,93567,93568,35],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[49,93566,36345],{}," works, see ",[26,93569,3969,93570,3902],{"href":93223},[49,93571,36345],{},[37,93573,4073,93575,93577],{"id":93574},"what-range-gives-you",[49,93576,36345],{}," gives you",[14,93579,93580,93582,93583,93585],{},[49,93581,36345],{}," is most often used in ",[49,93584,6356],{}," loops.",[227,93587,93588,93591,93594,93597],{},[230,93589,93590],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[230,93592,93593],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[230,93595,93596],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[230,93598,93599,93600],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[49,93601,93602],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93604,511],{},[42,93606,93608],{"className":44,"code":93607,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[49,93609,93610,93626],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93611,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93613,6356],{"class":4272},[52,93615,69707],{"class":58},[52,93617,4279],{"class":4272},[52,93619,54226],{"class":148},[52,93621,152],{"class":66},[52,93623,2531],{"class":110},[52,93625,8737],{"class":66},[52,93627,93628,93630,93632,93634],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93629,8463],{"class":148},[52,93631,152],{"class":66},[52,93633,36301],{"class":155},[52,93635,159],{"class":66},[14,93637,164],{},[42,93639,93641],{"className":44,"code":93640,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[49,93642,93643,93647,93651,93655,93659],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93644,93645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93646,47405],{"class":110},[52,93648,93649],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93650,47070],{"class":110},[52,93652,93653],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,93654,2192],{"class":110},[52,93656,93657],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,93658,46770],{"class":110},[52,93660,93661],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,93662,48804],{"class":110},[14,93664,20908,93665,93667],{},[49,93666,91013],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93669,93670,93671,93673,93674,35],{},"This is one reason ",[49,93672,36345],{}," is so common with ",[26,93675,3969,93677,91044],{"href":93676},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[49,93678,6356],{},[14,93680,93681],{},"You can also inspect it:",[42,93683,93685],{"className":44,"code":93684,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[49,93686,93687,93709,93713,93723,93737],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93688,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93690,93378],{"class":58},[52,93692,63],{"class":62},[52,93694,54226],{"class":148},[52,93696,152],{"class":66},[52,93698,2451],{"class":110},[52,93700,193],{"class":66},[52,93702,6403],{"class":110},[52,93704,193],{"class":66},[52,93706,1570],{"class":110},[52,93708,159],{"class":66},[52,93710,93711],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93712,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,93714,93715,93717,93719,93721],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,93716,149],{"class":148},[52,93718,152],{"class":66},[52,93720,60663],{"class":155},[52,93722,159],{"class":66},[52,93724,93725,93727,93729,93731,93733,93735],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,93726,149],{"class":148},[52,93728,152],{"class":66},[52,93730,2082],{"class":148},[52,93732,152],{"class":66},[52,93734,60663],{"class":155},[52,93736,742],{"class":66},[52,93738,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93750],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,93740,149],{"class":148},[52,93742,152],{"class":66},[52,93744,80753],{"class":110},[52,93746,21311],{"class":4272},[52,93748,93749],{"class":155}," r",[52,93751,159],{"class":66},[14,93753,164],{},[42,93755,93757],{"className":44,"code":93756,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[49,93758,93759,93777,93781],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93760,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93762,60156],{"class":148},[52,93764,152],{"class":66},[52,93766,2451],{"class":110},[52,93768,193],{"class":66},[52,93770,6403],{"class":110},[52,93772,193],{"class":66},[52,93774,1570],{"class":110},[52,93776,159],{"class":66},[52,93778,93779],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93780,48804],{"class":110},[52,93782,93783],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,93784,4374],{"class":128},[37,93786,4073,93788,93577],{"id":93787},"what-listrange-gives-you",[49,93789,93239],{},[14,93791,93792,93794],{},[49,93793,93239],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[227,93796,93797,93800,93803,93806],{},[230,93798,93799],{},"It creates all values at once",[230,93801,93802],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[230,93804,93805],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[230,93807,93808,93809,93811],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[49,93810,36345],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93813,511],{},[42,93815,93817],{"className":44,"code":93816,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[49,93818,93819,93837,93841,93851],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93820,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93822,4012],{"class":58},[52,93824,63],{"class":62},[52,93826,22698],{"class":646},[52,93828,152],{"class":66},[52,93830,60156],{"class":148},[52,93832,152],{"class":66},[52,93834,2531],{"class":110},[52,93836,742],{"class":66},[52,93838,93839],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93840,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,93842,93843,93845,93847,93849],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,93844,149],{"class":148},[52,93846,152],{"class":66},[52,93848,1578],{"class":155},[52,93850,159],{"class":66},[52,93852,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,93854,149],{"class":148},[52,93856,152],{"class":66},[52,93858,1578],{"class":155},[52,93860,1709],{"class":66},[52,93862,2451],{"class":110},[52,93864,1718],{"class":66},[14,93866,164],{},[42,93868,93870],{"className":44,"code":93869,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[49,93871,93872,93896],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93873,93874,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93875,1709],{"class":66},[52,93877,2514],{"class":110},[52,93879,193],{"class":66},[52,93881,5895],{"class":110},[52,93883,193],{"class":66},[52,93885,1570],{"class":110},[52,93887,193],{"class":66},[52,93889,2850],{"class":110},[52,93891,193],{"class":66},[52,93893,2856],{"class":110},[52,93895,4030],{"class":66},[52,93897,93898],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93899,2192],{"class":110},[14,93901,93902],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93904,93905,93906,35],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[26,93907,3969,93908,3902],{"href":65006},[49,93909,24920],{},[37,93911,5358,93913],{"id":93912},"when-to-use-range",[49,93914,36345],{},[14,93916,340,93917,10970],{},[49,93918,36345],{},[227,93920,93921,93926,93929,93932],{},[230,93922,93923,93924,91773],{},"You are writing a ",[49,93925,6356],{},[230,93927,93928],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[230,93930,93931],{},"You are working with large sequences",[230,93933,93934],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93936,511],{},[42,93938,93940],{"className":44,"code":93939,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[49,93941,93942,93962],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93943,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958,93960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93945,6356],{"class":4272},[52,93947,69707],{"class":58},[52,93949,4279],{"class":4272},[52,93951,54226],{"class":148},[52,93953,152],{"class":66},[52,93955,1565],{"class":110},[52,93957,193],{"class":66},[52,93959,37792],{"class":110},[52,93961,8737],{"class":66},[52,93963,93964,93966,93968,93970,93973,93975,93977,93979],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,93965,8463],{"class":148},[52,93967,152],{"class":66},[52,93969,81],{"class":73},[52,93971,93972],{"class":77},"Count:",[52,93974,81],{"class":73},[52,93976,193],{"class":66},[52,93978,36276],{"class":155},[52,93980,159],{"class":66},[14,93982,164],{},[42,93984,93986],{"className":44,"code":93985,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[49,93987,93988,93997,94005,94013,94021],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,93989,93990,93993,93995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93991,93992],{"class":58},"Count",[52,93994,84],{"class":66},[52,93996,29756],{"class":110},[52,93998,93999,94001,94003],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94000,93992],{"class":58},[52,94002,84],{"class":66},[52,94004,45742],{"class":110},[52,94006,94007,94009,94011],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,94008,93992],{"class":58},[52,94010,84],{"class":66},[52,94012,2976],{"class":110},[52,94014,94015,94017,94019],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,94016,93992],{"class":58},[52,94018,84],{"class":66},[52,94020,23802],{"class":110},[52,94022,94023,94025,94027],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,94024,93992],{"class":58},[52,94026,84],{"class":66},[52,94028,34987],{"class":110},[14,94030,94031],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,94033,94034,94035,94037,94038,62446,94040,35],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[49,94036,35895],{}," is often a better choice than ",[49,94039,36746],{},[26,94041,36753,94043,36756],{"href":94042},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[49,94044,35895],{},[37,94046,5358,94048],{"id":94047},"when-to-use-listrange",[49,94049,93239],{},[14,94051,340,94052,10970],{},[49,94053,93239],{},[227,94055,94056,94059,94062,94065],{},[230,94057,94058],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[230,94060,94061],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[230,94063,94064],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[230,94066,94067],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,94069,511],{},[42,94071,94073],{"className":44,"code":94072,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,94074,94075,94093,94107,94111],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94076,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94078,4012],{"class":58},[52,94080,63],{"class":62},[52,94082,22698],{"class":646},[52,94084,152],{"class":66},[52,94086,60156],{"class":148},[52,94088,152],{"class":66},[52,94090,2531],{"class":110},[52,94092,742],{"class":66},[52,94094,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94096,1578],{"class":58},[52,94098,35],{"class":66},[52,94100,13909],{"class":155},[52,94102,152],{"class":66},[52,94104,2531],{"class":110},[52,94106,159],{"class":66},[52,94108,94109],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,94110,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,94112,94113,94115,94117,94119],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,94114,149],{"class":148},[52,94116,152],{"class":66},[52,94118,1578],{"class":155},[52,94120,159],{"class":66},[14,94122,164],{},[42,94124,94126],{"className":44,"code":94125,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[49,94127,94128],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94129,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94131,1709],{"class":66},[52,94133,2514],{"class":110},[52,94135,193],{"class":66},[52,94137,5895],{"class":110},[52,94139,193],{"class":66},[52,94141,1570],{"class":110},[52,94143,193],{"class":66},[52,94145,2850],{"class":110},[52,94147,193],{"class":66},[52,94149,2856],{"class":110},[52,94151,193],{"class":66},[52,94153,5002],{"class":110},[52,94155,4030],{"class":66},[14,94157,6459,94158,94160],{},[49,94159,1578],{}," is a list.",[37,94162,680],{"id":679},[14,94164,94165,94167,94168,35],{},[49,94166,36345],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[18,94169,37746],{},[14,94171,2501],{},[227,94173,94174,94176,94181,94186,94189],{},[230,94175,22123],{},[230,94177,94178,94179],{},"You can check its length with ",[49,94180,42512],{},[230,94182,94183,94184],{},"You can test membership with ",[49,94185,4279],{},[230,94187,94188],{},"You can index it",[230,94190,94191,94192,94194],{},"But list methods such as ",[49,94193,52808],{}," do not work on it",[14,94196,511],{},[42,94198,94200],{"className":44,"code":94199,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[49,94201,94202,94216,94220,94234,94248],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94203,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94205,93378],{"class":58},[52,94207,63],{"class":62},[52,94209,54226],{"class":148},[52,94211,152],{"class":66},[52,94213,2531],{"class":110},[52,94215,159],{"class":66},[52,94217,94218],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94219,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,94221,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,94223,149],{"class":148},[52,94225,152],{"class":66},[52,94227,60663],{"class":155},[52,94229,1709],{"class":66},[52,94231,2451],{"class":110},[52,94233,1718],{"class":66},[52,94235,94236,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,94237,149],{"class":148},[52,94239,152],{"class":66},[52,94241,2082],{"class":148},[52,94243,152],{"class":66},[52,94245,60663],{"class":155},[52,94247,742],{"class":66},[52,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,94251,149],{"class":148},[52,94253,152],{"class":66},[52,94255,2457],{"class":110},[52,94257,21311],{"class":4272},[52,94259,93749],{"class":155},[52,94261,159],{"class":66},[14,94263,164],{},[42,94265,94267],{"className":44,"code":94266,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[49,94268,94269,94273,94277],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94270,94271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94272,2192],{"class":110},[52,94274,94275],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94276,3344],{"class":110},[52,94278,94279],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,94280,4374],{"class":128},[14,94282,94283],{},"Now compare that with this:",[42,94285,94287],{"className":44,"code":94286,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[49,94288,94289,94303],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94290,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94292,93378],{"class":58},[52,94294,63],{"class":62},[52,94296,54226],{"class":148},[52,94298,152],{"class":66},[52,94300,2531],{"class":110},[52,94302,159],{"class":66},[52,94304,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94306,60663],{"class":58},[52,94308,35],{"class":66},[52,94310,13909],{"class":155},[52,94312,152],{"class":66},[52,94314,2531],{"class":110},[52,94316,159],{"class":66},[14,94318,164],{},[42,94320,94322],{"className":44,"code":94321,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[49,94323,94324],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94325,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336,94338,94341,94343,94345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94327,25811],{"class":646},[52,94329,84],{"class":66},[52,94331,186],{"class":73},[52,94333,60156],{"class":77},[52,94335,177],{"class":73},[52,94337,24756],{"class":646},[52,94339,94340],{"class":58}," has no attribute ",[52,94342,177],{"class":73},[52,94344,13909],{"class":77},[52,94346,29841],{"class":73},[14,94348,94349,94350,2203,94352,2589,94354,94356],{},"If you need methods like ",[49,94351,52808],{},[49,94353,55685],{},[49,94355,64470],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94358,94359,94360,35],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[26,94361,25819,94362],{"href":35565},[49,94363,34399],{},[37,94365,94367],{"id":94366},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94369,94370],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[42,94372,94373],{"className":44,"code":92849,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,94374,94375],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94376,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94378,149],{"class":148},[52,94380,152],{"class":66},[52,94382,60156],{"class":148},[52,94384,152],{"class":66},[52,94386,2531],{"class":110},[52,94388,742],{"class":66},[14,94390,94391],{},"to show:",[42,94393,94394],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,94395,94396],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94397,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416,94418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94399,1709],{"class":66},[52,94401,2514],{"class":110},[52,94403,193],{"class":66},[52,94405,5895],{"class":110},[52,94407,193],{"class":66},[52,94409,1570],{"class":110},[52,94411,193],{"class":66},[52,94413,2850],{"class":110},[52,94415,193],{"class":66},[52,94417,2856],{"class":110},[52,94419,4030],{"class":66},[14,94421,94422],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[42,94424,94425],{"className":44,"code":92870,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,94426,94427],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94428,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94430,60156],{"class":148},[52,94432,152],{"class":66},[52,94434,2514],{"class":110},[52,94436,193],{"class":66},[52,94438,5002],{"class":110},[52,94440,159],{"class":66},[14,94442,1003,94443,94445],{},[18,94444,1006],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94447,94448,94449,94451],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[18,94450,93257],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94453,94454],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[42,94456,94457],{"className":44,"code":91206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,94458,94459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94460,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94462,149],{"class":148},[52,94464,152],{"class":66},[52,94466,8488],{"class":646},[52,94468,152],{"class":66},[52,94470,60156],{"class":148},[52,94472,152],{"class":66},[52,94474,2531],{"class":110},[52,94476,1291],{"class":66},[14,94478,164],{},[42,94480,94481],{"className":44,"code":60179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,94482,94483],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94484,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503,94505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94486,1709],{"class":66},[52,94488,2514],{"class":110},[52,94490,193],{"class":66},[52,94492,5895],{"class":110},[52,94494,193],{"class":66},[52,94496,1570],{"class":110},[52,94498,193],{"class":66},[52,94500,2850],{"class":110},[52,94502,193],{"class":66},[52,94504,2856],{"class":110},[52,94506,4030],{"class":66},[37,94508,1743],{"id":1742},[14,94510,94511],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[227,94513,94514,94520,94523,94529],{},[230,94515,8813,94516,94519],{},[49,94517,94518],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[230,94521,94522],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[230,94524,94525,94526,94528],{},"Not realizing that ",[49,94527,36345],{}," is iterable but not a list",[230,94530,8813,94531,94533,94534,94536],{},[49,94532,93239],{}," when plain ",[49,94535,36345],{}," would be simpler",[14,94538,94539],{},"These quick checks can help:",[42,94541,94543],{"className":44,"code":94542,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[49,94544,94545,94559,94577,94595,94617,94635],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94546,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94548,149],{"class":148},[52,94550,152],{"class":66},[52,94552,60156],{"class":148},[52,94554,152],{"class":66},[52,94556,2531],{"class":110},[52,94558,742],{"class":66},[52,94560,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94562,149],{"class":148},[52,94564,152],{"class":66},[52,94566,8488],{"class":646},[52,94568,152],{"class":66},[52,94570,60156],{"class":148},[52,94572,152],{"class":66},[52,94574,2531],{"class":110},[52,94576,1291],{"class":66},[52,94578,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,94580,149],{"class":148},[52,94582,152],{"class":66},[52,94584,734],{"class":646},[52,94586,152],{"class":66},[52,94588,60156],{"class":148},[52,94590,152],{"class":66},[52,94592,2531],{"class":110},[52,94594,1291],{"class":66},[52,94596,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613,94615],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,94598,149],{"class":148},[52,94600,152],{"class":66},[52,94602,734],{"class":646},[52,94604,152],{"class":66},[52,94606,8488],{"class":646},[52,94608,152],{"class":66},[52,94610,60156],{"class":148},[52,94612,152],{"class":66},[52,94614,2531],{"class":110},[52,94616,93526],{"class":66},[52,94618,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631,94633],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,94620,149],{"class":148},[52,94622,152],{"class":66},[52,94624,2457],{"class":110},[52,94626,21311],{"class":4272},[52,94628,54226],{"class":148},[52,94630,152],{"class":66},[52,94632,2531],{"class":110},[52,94634,742],{"class":66},[52,94636,94637,94639,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94638,149],{"class":148},[52,94640,152],{"class":66},[52,94642,2082],{"class":148},[52,94644,152],{"class":66},[52,94646,60156],{"class":148},[52,94648,152],{"class":66},[52,94650,2531],{"class":110},[52,94652,1291],{"class":66},[14,94654,164],{},[42,94656,94658],{"className":44,"code":94657,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[49,94659,94660,94674,94698,94712,94726,94730],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94661,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94663,60156],{"class":148},[52,94665,152],{"class":66},[52,94667,2514],{"class":110},[52,94669,193],{"class":66},[52,94671,5002],{"class":110},[52,94673,159],{"class":66},[52,94675,94676,94678,94680,94682,94684,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94677,1709],{"class":66},[52,94679,2514],{"class":110},[52,94681,193],{"class":66},[52,94683,5895],{"class":110},[52,94685,193],{"class":66},[52,94687,1570],{"class":110},[52,94689,193],{"class":66},[52,94691,2850],{"class":110},[52,94693,193],{"class":66},[52,94695,2856],{"class":110},[52,94697,4030],{"class":66},[52,94699,94700,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,94701,771],{"class":62},[52,94703,775],{"class":774},[52,94705,186],{"class":73},[52,94707,60156],{"class":77},[52,94709,177],{"class":73},[52,94711,785],{"class":62},[52,94713,94714,94716,94718,94720,94722,94724],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,94715,771],{"class":62},[52,94717,775],{"class":774},[52,94719,186],{"class":73},[52,94721,8488],{"class":77},[52,94723,177],{"class":73},[52,94725,785],{"class":62},[52,94727,94728],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,94729,4374],{"class":128},[52,94731,94732],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,94733,3344],{"class":110},[37,94735,2220],{"id":2219},[487,94737,15257,94739,94741],{"id":94738},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[49,94740,36345],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94743,46518,94744,94746],{},[49,94745,36345],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[487,94748,94750,94751,11456,94753,2265],{"id":94749},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[49,94752,36345],{},[49,94754,93239],{},[14,94756,94757,94759,94760,94762],{},[49,94758,36345],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[49,94761,93239],{}," creates a full list.",[487,94764,94766],{"id":94765},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94768,94769],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94771,511],{},[42,94773,94775],{"className":44,"code":94774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[49,94776,94777,94791],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94778,94779,94781,94783,94785,94787,94789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94780,93378],{"class":58},[52,94782,63],{"class":62},[52,94784,54226],{"class":148},[52,94786,152],{"class":66},[52,94788,2531],{"class":110},[52,94790,159],{"class":66},[52,94792,94793,94795,94797,94799,94801,94803],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94794,149],{"class":148},[52,94796,152],{"class":66},[52,94798,60663],{"class":155},[52,94800,1709],{"class":66},[52,94802,1565],{"class":110},[52,94804,1718],{"class":66},[14,94806,164],{},[42,94808,94809],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,94810,94811],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94812,94813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94814,47070],{"class":110},[487,94816,5555,94818,94820],{"id":94817},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[49,94819,94518],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94822,94823,94824,94827],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[49,94825,94826],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[487,94829,94831,94832,94834],{"id":94830},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[49,94833,36345],{}," to a list?",[14,94836,94837],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[37,94839,2277],{"id":2276},[227,94841,94842,94848,94854,94861,94867],{},[230,94843,94844],{},[26,94845,3969,94846,3902],{"href":93223},[49,94847,36345],{},[230,94849,94850],{},[26,94851,3969,94852,3902],{"href":65006},[49,94853,24920],{},[230,94855,94856],{},[26,94857,3969,94858,94860],{"href":93676},[49,94859,6356],{}," loops explained",[230,94862,94863],{},[26,94864,37667,94865,36756],{"href":94042},[49,94866,35895],{},[230,94868,94869],{},[26,94870,26262,94871],{"href":35565},[49,94872,34399],{},[2315,94874,94875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":94877},[94878,94879,94880,94882,94884,94886,94888,94889,94890,94891,94902],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":93342,"depth":70,"text":93343},{"id":93574,"depth":70,"text":94881},"What range() gives you",{"id":93787,"depth":70,"text":94883},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93912,"depth":70,"text":94885},"When to use range()",{"id":94047,"depth":70,"text":94887},"When to use list(range())",{"id":679,"depth":70,"text":680},{"id":94366,"depth":70,"text":94367},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":94892},[94893,94895,94897,94898,94900],{"id":94738,"depth":98,"text":94894},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94749,"depth":98,"text":94896},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94765,"depth":98,"text":94766},{"id":94817,"depth":98,"text":94899},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94830,"depth":98,"text":94901},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93229,"description":94903},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94910,"title":94911,"body":94912,"description":96348,"extension":2357,"meta":96349,"navigation":141,"path":96350,"seo":96351,"stem":96352,"__hash__":96353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94913,"toc":96314},[94914,94920,94925,94928,94942,94945,94947,94986,94988,95001,95009,95014,95030,95033,95035,95037,95058,95075,95078,95137,95139,95158,95163,95169,95172,95206,95208,95221,95224,95269,95271,95294,95301,95307,95310,95351,95353,95367,95370,95428,95430,95445,95458,95464,95470,95535,95537,95556,95558,95576,95579,95583,95589,95591,95624,95626,95639,95649,95652,95713,95715,95736,95739,95741,95757,95762,95766,95771,95776,95832,95834,95852,95855,95900,95902,95910,95915,95919,95933,95935,95967,95969,95978,95980,95984,95993,95996,96028,96030,96042,96045,96049,96054,96095,96097,96105,96108,96131,96135,96137,96146,96149,96202,96204,96213,96217,96222,96233,96235,96244,96247,96253,96256,96262,96272,96280,96287,96289,96311],[10,94915,3969,94917,3973],{"id":94916},"python-round-function-explained",[49,94918,94919],{},"round()",[14,94921,9518,94922,94924],{},[49,94923,94919],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94926,94927],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[227,94929,94930,94936],{},[230,94931,94932,94935],{},[49,94933,94934],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[230,94937,94938,94941],{},[49,94939,94940],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94943,94944],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[37,94946,40],{"id":39},[42,94948,94950],{"className":44,"code":94949,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[49,94951,94952,94968],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94953,94954,94956,94958,94961,94963,94966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94955,149],{"class":148},[52,94957,152],{"class":66},[52,94959,94960],{"class":148},"round",[52,94962,152],{"class":66},[52,94964,94965],{"class":110},"3.14159",[52,94967,742],{"class":66},[52,94969,94970,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982,94984],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,94971,149],{"class":148},[52,94973,152],{"class":66},[52,94975,94960],{"class":148},[52,94977,152],{"class":66},[52,94979,94965],{"class":110},[52,94981,193],{"class":66},[52,94983,1570],{"class":110},[52,94985,742],{"class":66},[14,94987,164],{},[42,94989,94991],{"className":44,"code":94990,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3\n3.14\n",[49,94992,94993,94997],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,94994,94995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94996,46770],{"class":110},[52,94998,94999],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95000,40327],{"class":110},[14,95002,340,95003,95005,95006,95008],{},[49,95004,94934],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[49,95007,94940],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[37,95010,4073,95012,4076],{"id":95011},"what-round-does",[49,95013,94919],{},[227,95015,95016,95021,95024,95027],{},[230,95017,95018,95020],{},[49,95019,94919],{}," is a built-in Python function",[230,95022,95023],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[230,95025,95026],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[230,95028,95029],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,95031,95032],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[37,95034,2553],{"id":2552},[14,95036,2556],{},[42,95038,95040],{"className":44,"code":95039,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[49,95041,95042],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95043,95044,95046,95048,95050,95053,95056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95045,94960],{"class":148},[52,95047,152],{"class":66},[52,95049,2636],{"class":155},[52,95051,95052],{"class":66},"[,",[52,95054,95055],{"class":155}," ndigits",[52,95057,1718],{"class":66},[227,95059,95060,95065,95070],{},[230,95061,95062,95064],{},[49,95063,2636],{}," is the value to round",[230,95066,95067,20176],{},[49,95068,95069],{},"ndigits",[230,95071,95072,95074],{},[49,95073,95069],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,95076,95077],{},"Basic examples:",[42,95079,95081],{"className":44,"code":95080,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[49,95082,95083,95098,95116],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95084,95085,95087,95089,95091,95093,95096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95086,149],{"class":148},[52,95088,152],{"class":66},[52,95090,94960],{"class":148},[52,95092,152],{"class":66},[52,95094,95095],{"class":110},"7.8",[52,95097,742],{"class":66},[52,95099,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95101,149],{"class":148},[52,95103,152],{"class":66},[52,95105,94960],{"class":148},[52,95107,152],{"class":66},[52,95109,95095],{"class":110},[52,95111,193],{"class":66},[52,95113,5895],{"class":110},[52,95115,742],{"class":66},[52,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95129,95131,95133,95135],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95119,149],{"class":148},[52,95121,152],{"class":66},[52,95123,94960],{"class":148},[52,95125,152],{"class":66},[52,95127,95128],{"class":110},"1234",[52,95130,193],{"class":66},[52,95132,2618],{"class":62},[52,95134,2451],{"class":110},[52,95136,742],{"class":66},[14,95138,164],{},[42,95140,95142],{"className":44,"code":95141,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[49,95143,95144,95148,95153],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95145,95146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95147,2779],{"class":110},[52,95149,95150],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95151,95152],{"class":110},"7.8\n",[52,95154,95155],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95156,95157],{"class":110},"1200\n",[14,95159,95160,95161,35],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[26,95162,2818],{"href":2817},[37,95164,8813,95166,95168],{"id":95165},"using-round-with-one-argument",[49,95167,94919],{}," with one argument",[14,95170,95171],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[42,95173,95175],{"className":44,"code":95174,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[49,95176,95177,95191],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95178,95179,95181,95183,95185,95187,95189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95180,149],{"class":148},[52,95182,152],{"class":66},[52,95184,94960],{"class":148},[52,95186,152],{"class":66},[52,95188,2760],{"class":110},[52,95190,742],{"class":66},[52,95192,95193,95195,95197,95199,95201,95204],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95194,149],{"class":148},[52,95196,152],{"class":66},[52,95198,94960],{"class":148},[52,95200,152],{"class":66},[52,95202,95203],{"class":110},"4.8",[52,95205,742],{"class":66},[14,95207,164],{},[42,95209,95211],{"className":44,"code":95210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"4\n5\n",[49,95212,95213,95217],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95214,95215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95216,48804],{"class":110},[52,95218,95219],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95220,3344],{"class":110},[14,95222,95223],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[42,95225,95227],{"className":44,"code":95226,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,95228,95229,95245,95255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95230,95231,95233,95235,95238,95240,95243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95232,2626],{"class":58},[52,95234,63],{"class":62},[52,95236,95237],{"class":148}," round",[52,95239,152],{"class":66},[52,95241,95242],{"class":110},"10.2",[52,95244,159],{"class":66},[52,95246,95247,95249,95251,95253],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95248,149],{"class":148},[52,95250,152],{"class":66},[52,95252,2661],{"class":155},[52,95254,159],{"class":66},[52,95256,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95258,149],{"class":148},[52,95260,152],{"class":66},[52,95262,734],{"class":646},[52,95264,152],{"class":66},[52,95266,2661],{"class":155},[52,95268,742],{"class":66},[14,95270,164],{},[42,95272,95274],{"className":44,"code":95273,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,95275,95276,95280],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95277,95278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95279,2774],{"class":110},[52,95281,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290,95292],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95283,771],{"class":62},[52,95285,775],{"class":774},[52,95287,186],{"class":73},[52,95289,2585],{"class":77},[52,95291,177],{"class":73},[52,95293,785],{"class":62},[14,95295,95296,95297,35],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[26,95298,3969,95299,3902],{"href":3273},[49,95300,3276],{},[37,95302,8813,95304,95306],{"id":95303},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[49,95305,94919],{}," with decimal places",[14,95308,95309],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[42,95311,95313],{"className":44,"code":95312,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[49,95314,95315,95333],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95316,95317,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329,95331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95318,149],{"class":148},[52,95320,152],{"class":66},[52,95322,94960],{"class":148},[52,95324,152],{"class":66},[52,95326,94965],{"class":110},[52,95328,193],{"class":66},[52,95330,1570],{"class":110},[52,95332,742],{"class":66},[52,95334,95335,95337,95339,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95336,149],{"class":148},[52,95338,152],{"class":66},[52,95340,94960],{"class":148},[52,95342,152],{"class":66},[52,95344,94965],{"class":110},[52,95346,193],{"class":66},[52,95348,2850],{"class":110},[52,95350,742],{"class":66},[14,95352,164],{},[42,95354,95356],{"className":44,"code":95355,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3.14\n3.142\n",[49,95357,95358,95362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95359,95360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95361,40327],{"class":110},[52,95363,95364],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95365,95366],{"class":110},"3.142\n",[14,95368,95369],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[42,95371,95373],{"className":44,"code":95372,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[49,95374,95375,95384,95403,95407,95417],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95376,95377,95379,95381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95378,40537],{"class":58},[52,95380,63],{"class":62},[52,95382,95383],{"class":110}," 19.9876\n",[52,95385,95386,95389,95391,95393,95395,95397,95399,95401],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95387,95388],{"class":58},"rounded_price ",[52,95390,63],{"class":62},[52,95392,95237],{"class":148},[52,95394,152],{"class":66},[52,95396,25289],{"class":155},[52,95398,193],{"class":66},[52,95400,1570],{"class":110},[52,95402,159],{"class":66},[52,95404,95405],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95406,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,95408,95409,95411,95413,95415],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,95410,149],{"class":148},[52,95412,152],{"class":66},[52,95414,25289],{"class":155},[52,95416,159],{"class":66},[52,95418,95419,95421,95423,95426],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,95420,149],{"class":148},[52,95422,152],{"class":66},[52,95424,95425],{"class":155},"rounded_price",[52,95427,159],{"class":66},[14,95429,164],{},[42,95431,95433],{"className":44,"code":95432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[49,95434,95435,95440],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95436,95437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95438,95439],{"class":110},"19.9876\n",[52,95441,95442],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95443,95444],{"class":110},"19.99\n",[14,95446,95447,95448,95451,95452,30,95454,35],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[49,95449,95450],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[26,95453,41042],{"href":41041},[26,95455,3969,95456,3902],{"href":3279},[49,95457,3282],{},[37,95459,95461,95462],{"id":95460},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[49,95463,95069],{},[14,95465,95466,95467,95469],{},"A negative ",[49,95468,95069],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[42,95471,95473],{"className":44,"code":95472,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[49,95474,95475,95495,95515],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95476,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95478,149],{"class":148},[52,95480,152],{"class":66},[52,95482,94960],{"class":148},[52,95484,152],{"class":66},[52,95486,95128],{"class":110},[52,95488,193],{"class":66},[52,95490,2618],{"class":62},[52,95492,1565],{"class":110},[52,95494,742],{"class":66},[52,95496,95497,95499,95501,95503,95505,95507,95509,95511,95513],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95498,149],{"class":148},[52,95500,152],{"class":66},[52,95502,94960],{"class":148},[52,95504,152],{"class":66},[52,95506,95128],{"class":110},[52,95508,193],{"class":66},[52,95510,2618],{"class":62},[52,95512,2451],{"class":110},[52,95514,742],{"class":66},[52,95516,95517,95519,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95518,149],{"class":148},[52,95520,152],{"class":66},[52,95522,94960],{"class":148},[52,95524,152],{"class":66},[52,95526,95128],{"class":110},[52,95528,193],{"class":66},[52,95530,2618],{"class":62},[52,95532,2457],{"class":110},[52,95534,742],{"class":66},[14,95536,164],{},[42,95538,95540],{"className":44,"code":95539,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[49,95541,95542,95547,95551],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95543,95544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95545,95546],{"class":110},"1230\n",[52,95548,95549],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95550,95157],{"class":110},[52,95552,95553],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95554,95555],{"class":110},"1000\n",[14,95557,65743],{},[227,95559,95560,95565,95571],{},[230,95561,95562,95564],{},[49,95563,66013],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[230,95566,95567,95570],{},[49,95568,95569],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[230,95572,95573,95575],{},[49,95574,47824],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95577,95578],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[37,95580,95582],{"id":95581},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95584,95585,95586,35],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[49,95587,95588],{},".5",[14,95590,5869],{},[42,95592,95594],{"className":44,"code":95593,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[49,95595,95596,95610],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95597,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95599,149],{"class":148},[52,95601,152],{"class":66},[52,95603,94960],{"class":148},[52,95605,152],{"class":66},[52,95607,41309],{"class":110},[52,95609,742],{"class":66},[52,95611,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620,95622],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95613,149],{"class":148},[52,95615,152],{"class":66},[52,95617,94960],{"class":148},[52,95619,152],{"class":66},[52,95621,2434],{"class":110},[52,95623,742],{"class":66},[14,95625,164],{},[42,95627,95629],{"className":44,"code":95628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"2\n4\n",[49,95630,95631,95635],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95632,95633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95634,2192],{"class":110},[52,95636,95637],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95638,48804],{"class":110},[14,95640,95641,95642,95645,95646,95648],{},"Python uses ",[18,95643,95644],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[49,95647,95588],{}," situations.",[14,95650,95651],{},"More examples:",[42,95653,95655],{"className":44,"code":95654,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[49,95656,95657,95671,95685,95699],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95658,95659,95661,95663,95665,95667,95669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95660,149],{"class":148},[52,95662,152],{"class":66},[52,95664,94960],{"class":148},[52,95666,152],{"class":66},[52,95668,41322],{"class":110},[52,95670,742],{"class":66},[52,95672,95673,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95674,149],{"class":148},[52,95676,152],{"class":66},[52,95678,94960],{"class":148},[52,95680,152],{"class":66},[52,95682,41309],{"class":110},[52,95684,742],{"class":66},[52,95686,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695,95697],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95688,149],{"class":148},[52,95690,152],{"class":66},[52,95692,94960],{"class":148},[52,95694,152],{"class":66},[52,95696,2434],{"class":110},[52,95698,742],{"class":66},[52,95700,95701,95703,95705,95707,95709,95711],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,95702,149],{"class":148},[52,95704,152],{"class":66},[52,95706,94960],{"class":148},[52,95708,152],{"class":66},[52,95710,41274],{"class":110},[52,95712,742],{"class":66},[14,95714,164],{},[42,95716,95718],{"className":44,"code":95717,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[49,95719,95720,95724,95728,95732],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95721,95722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95723,2192],{"class":110},[52,95725,95726],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95727,2192],{"class":110},[52,95729,95730],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95731,48804],{"class":110},[52,95733,95734],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,95735,48804],{"class":110},[14,95737,95738],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95740,11082],{},[227,95742,95743,95750],{},[230,95744,95745,2528,95748],{},[49,95746,95747],{},"round(2.5)",[49,95749,2451],{},[230,95751,95752,2528,95755],{},[49,95753,95754],{},"round(3.5)",[49,95756,2903],{},[14,95758,3566,95759,95761],{},[49,95760,95588],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[37,95763,95765],{"id":95764},"return-values","Return values",[14,95767,95768,95770],{},[49,95769,94919],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95772,41056,95773,95775],{},[18,95774,1006],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[42,95777,95779],{"className":44,"code":95778,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[49,95780,95781,95790,95794,95804,95822],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95782,95783,95785,95787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95784,2845],{"class":58},[52,95786,63],{"class":62},[52,95788,95789],{"class":110}," 3.14159\n",[52,95791,95792],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95793,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,95795,95796,95798,95800,95802],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95797,149],{"class":148},[52,95799,152],{"class":66},[52,95801,263],{"class":155},[52,95803,159],{"class":66},[52,95805,95806,95808,95810,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,95807,149],{"class":148},[52,95809,152],{"class":66},[52,95811,94960],{"class":148},[52,95813,152],{"class":66},[52,95815,263],{"class":155},[52,95817,193],{"class":66},[52,95819,1570],{"class":110},[52,95821,742],{"class":66},[52,95823,95824,95826,95828,95830],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,95825,149],{"class":148},[52,95827,152],{"class":66},[52,95829,263],{"class":155},[52,95831,159],{"class":66},[14,95833,164],{},[42,95835,95837],{"className":44,"code":95836,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[49,95838,95839,95844,95848],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95840,95841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95842,95843],{"class":110},"3.14159\n",[52,95845,95846],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95847,40327],{"class":110},[52,95849,95850],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95851,95843],{"class":110},[14,95853,95854],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[42,95856,95858],{"className":44,"code":95857,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[49,95859,95860,95868,95886,95890],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95861,95862,95864,95866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95863,2845],{"class":58},[52,95865,63],{"class":62},[52,95867,95789],{"class":110},[52,95869,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95871,2845],{"class":58},[52,95873,63],{"class":62},[52,95875,95237],{"class":148},[52,95877,152],{"class":66},[52,95879,263],{"class":155},[52,95881,193],{"class":66},[52,95883,1570],{"class":110},[52,95885,159],{"class":66},[52,95887,95888],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,95889,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,95891,95892,95894,95896,95898],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,95893,149],{"class":148},[52,95895,152],{"class":66},[52,95897,263],{"class":155},[52,95899,159],{"class":66},[14,95901,164],{},[42,95903,95904],{"className":44,"code":40327,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,95905,95906],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95907,95908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95909,40327],{"class":110},[37,95911,5358,95913],{"id":95912},"when-to-use-round",[49,95914,94919],{},[14,95916,340,95917,6716],{},[49,95918,94919],{},[227,95920,95921,95924,95927,95930],{},[230,95922,95923],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[230,95925,95926],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[230,95928,95929],{},"Round values before reporting results",[230,95931,95932],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95934,5869],{},[42,95936,95938],{"className":44,"code":95937,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[49,95939,95940,95949],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95941,95942,95944,95946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95943,2995],{"class":58},[52,95945,63],{"class":62},[52,95947,95948],{"class":110}," 12.67891\n",[52,95950,95951,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,95952,149],{"class":148},[52,95954,152],{"class":66},[52,95956,94960],{"class":148},[52,95958,152],{"class":66},[52,95960,3018],{"class":155},[52,95962,193],{"class":66},[52,95964,1570],{"class":110},[52,95966,742],{"class":66},[14,95968,164],{},[42,95970,95972],{"className":44,"code":95971,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"12.68\n",[49,95973,95974],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,95975,95976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95977,95971],{"class":110},[37,95979,1743],{"id":1742},[14,95981,23233,95982,35],{},[49,95983,94919],{},[487,95985,8849,95987,95989,95990,95992],{"id":95986},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[49,95988,94919],{}," to always round ",[49,95991,95588],{}," upward",[14,95994,95995],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[42,95997,95998],{"className":44,"code":95593,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,95999,96000,96014],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96001,96002,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96003,149],{"class":148},[52,96005,152],{"class":66},[52,96007,94960],{"class":148},[52,96009,152],{"class":66},[52,96011,41309],{"class":110},[52,96013,742],{"class":66},[52,96015,96016,96018,96020,96022,96024,96026],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96017,149],{"class":148},[52,96019,152],{"class":66},[52,96021,94960],{"class":148},[52,96023,152],{"class":66},[52,96025,2434],{"class":110},[52,96027,742],{"class":66},[14,96029,164],{},[42,96031,96032],{"className":44,"code":95628,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,96033,96034,96038],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96035,96036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96037,2192],{"class":110},[52,96039,96040],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96041,48804],{"class":110},[14,96043,96044],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[487,96046,96048],{"id":96047},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,96050,96051,96053],{},[49,96052,94919],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[42,96055,96057],{"className":44,"code":96056,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[49,96058,96059,96067,96081,96085],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96060,96061,96063,96065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96062,2845],{"class":58},[52,96064,63],{"class":62},[52,96066,95789],{"class":110},[52,96068,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96070,94960],{"class":148},[52,96072,152],{"class":66},[52,96074,263],{"class":155},[52,96076,193],{"class":66},[52,96078,1570],{"class":110},[52,96080,159],{"class":66},[52,96082,96083],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96084,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,96086,96087,96089,96091,96093],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,96088,149],{"class":148},[52,96090,152],{"class":66},[52,96092,263],{"class":155},[52,96094,159],{"class":66},[14,96096,164],{},[42,96098,96099],{"className":44,"code":95843,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,96100,96101],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96102,96103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96104,95843],{"class":110},[14,96106,96107],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[42,96109,96111],{"className":44,"code":96110,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[49,96112,96113],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96114,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96116,2845],{"class":58},[52,96118,63],{"class":62},[52,96120,95237],{"class":148},[52,96122,152],{"class":66},[52,96124,263],{"class":155},[52,96126,193],{"class":66},[52,96128,1570],{"class":110},[52,96130,159],{"class":66},[487,96132,96134],{"id":96133},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96136,1520],{},[42,96138,96140],{"className":44,"code":96139,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[49,96141,96142],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96143,96144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96145,96139],{"class":1017},[14,96147,96148],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[42,96150,96152],{"className":44,"code":96151,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[49,96153,96154,96166,96180,96184],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96155,96156,96158,96160,96162,96164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96157,34832],{"class":58},[52,96159,63],{"class":62},[52,96161,87],{"class":73},[52,96163,40293],{"class":77},[52,96165,297],{"class":73},[52,96167,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96169,2613],{"class":58},[52,96171,63],{"class":62},[52,96173,40405],{"class":646},[52,96175,152],{"class":66},[52,96177,34853],{"class":155},[52,96179,159],{"class":66},[52,96181,96182],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96183,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,96185,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,96187,149],{"class":148},[52,96189,152],{"class":66},[52,96191,94960],{"class":148},[52,96193,152],{"class":66},[52,96195,2636],{"class":155},[52,96197,193],{"class":66},[52,96199,5895],{"class":110},[52,96201,742],{"class":66},[14,96203,164],{},[42,96205,96207],{"className":44,"code":96206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3.1\n",[49,96208,96209],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96210,96211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96212,96206],{"class":110},[487,96214,96216],{"id":96215},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96218,96219,96221],{},[49,96220,94919],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96223,96224,96225,30,96229,35],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[26,96226,96227],{"href":3279},[49,96228,3282],{},[26,96230,96231],{"href":3273},[49,96232,3276],{},[37,96234,2220],{"id":2219},[487,96236,13061,96238,96240,96241,96243],{"id":96237},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[49,96239,94919],{}," always round ",[49,96242,40364],{}," up?",[14,96245,96246],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[487,96248,13061,96250,96252],{"id":96249},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[49,96251,94919],{}," change the original number?",[14,96254,96255],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[487,96257,5567,96259,96261],{"id":96258},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[49,96260,94919],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96263,96264,96265,96267,96268,30,96270,35],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[49,96266,95069],{}," value like ",[49,96269,66013],{},[49,96271,95569],{},[487,96273,28469,96275,96277,96278,2265],{"id":96274},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[49,96276,94919],{}," on a string like ",[49,96279,48248],{},[14,96281,96282,96283,30,96285,35],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[49,96284,3282],{},[49,96286,3276],{},[37,96288,2277],{"id":2276},[227,96290,96291,96297,96303,96307],{},[230,96292,96293],{},[26,96294,3969,96295,3902],{"href":3279},[49,96296,3282],{},[230,96298,96299],{},[26,96300,3969,96301,3902],{"href":3273},[49,96302,3276],{},[230,96304,96305],{},[26,96306,2818],{"href":2817},[230,96308,96309],{},[26,96310,42332],{"href":41041},[2315,96312,96313],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":96315},[96316,96317,96319,96320,96322,96324,96326,96327,96328,96330,96337,96347],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":95011,"depth":70,"text":96318},"What round() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":95165,"depth":70,"text":96321},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95303,"depth":70,"text":96323},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95460,"depth":70,"text":96325},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95581,"depth":70,"text":95582},{"id":95764,"depth":70,"text":95765},{"id":95912,"depth":70,"text":96329},"When to use round()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":96331},[96332,96334,96335,96336],{"id":95986,"depth":98,"text":96333},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96047,"depth":98,"text":96048},{"id":96133,"depth":98,"text":96134},{"id":96215,"depth":98,"text":96216},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":96338},[96339,96341,96343,96345],{"id":96237,"depth":98,"text":96340},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96249,"depth":98,"text":96342},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96258,"depth":98,"text":96344},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96274,"depth":98,"text":96346},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94911,"description":96348},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96355,"title":96356,"body":96357,"description":97542,"extension":2357,"meta":97543,"navigation":141,"path":97544,"seo":97545,"stem":97546,"__hash__":97547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96358,"toc":97516},[96359,96366,96372,96375,96377,96426,96430,96455,96460,96465,96470,96484,96495,96497,96516,96518,96534,96537,96548,96550,96552,96613,96617,96650,96657,96664,96667,96700,96703,96707,96710,96763,96767,96788,96794,96801,96808,96869,96877,96954,96958,96970,96979,96981,96987,96993,96997,97050,97053,97111,97115,97123,97126,97130,97133,97143,97145,97242,97245,97256,97259,97302,97306,97330,97333,97339,97341,97345,97370,97372,97439,97448,97450,97456,97461,97465,97468,97472,97479,97483,97488,97490,97507,97513],[10,96360,96362,96363,11684],{"id":96361},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[49,96364,96365],{},"add()",[14,96367,96368,96371],{},[49,96369,96370],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96373,96374],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[37,96376,40],{"id":39},[42,96378,96380],{"className":44,"code":96379,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,96381,96382,96402,96416],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96383,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96385,4012],{"class":58},[52,96387,63],{"class":62},[52,96389,1799],{"class":66},[52,96391,1565],{"class":110},[52,96393,193],{"class":66},[52,96395,1570],{"class":110},[52,96397,193],{"class":66},[52,96399,2850],{"class":110},[52,96401,135],{"class":66},[52,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96405,1578],{"class":58},[52,96407,35],{"class":66},[52,96409,82265],{"class":155},[52,96411,152],{"class":66},[52,96413,2903],{"class":110},[52,96415,159],{"class":66},[52,96417,96418,96420,96422,96424],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96419,149],{"class":148},[52,96421,152],{"class":66},[52,96423,1578],{"class":155},[52,96425,159],{"class":66},[14,96427,96428],{},[18,96429,164],{},[42,96431,96433],{"className":44,"code":96432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,96434,96435],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96436,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96438,174],{"class":66},[52,96440,1565],{"class":110},[52,96442,193],{"class":66},[52,96444,1570],{"class":110},[52,96446,193],{"class":66},[52,96448,2850],{"class":110},[52,96450,193],{"class":66},[52,96452,2856],{"class":110},[52,96454,135],{"class":66},[14,96456,340,96457,96459],{},[49,96458,96365],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[37,96461,4073,96463,4076],{"id":96462},"what-setadd-does",[49,96464,96370],{},[14,96466,96467,96469],{},[49,96468,96370],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[227,96471,96472,96475,96478,96481],{},[230,96473,96474],{},"Adds one item to a set",[230,96476,96477],{},"Changes the original set in place",[230,96479,96480],{},"Does not return a new set",[230,96482,96483],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96485,96486,96487,30,96491,35],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[26,96488,96490],{"href":96489},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[26,96492,96494],{"href":96493},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[37,96496,2553],{"id":2552},[42,96498,96500],{"className":44,"code":96499,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.add(item)\n",[49,96501,96502],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96503,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96505,755],{"class":58},[52,96507,35],{"class":66},[52,96509,82265],{"class":155},[52,96511,152],{"class":66},[52,96513,23449],{"class":155},[52,96515,159],{"class":66},[14,96517,11820],{},[227,96519,96520,96525,96528],{},[230,96521,56065,96522,96524],{},[49,96523,96365],{}," on an existing set",[230,96526,96527],{},"Pass exactly one item",[230,96529,96530,96531],{},"The item must be ",[18,96532,96533],{},"hashable",[14,96535,96536],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[227,96538,96539,96541,96543,96546],{},[230,96540,56618],{},[230,96542,56621],{},[230,96544,96545],{},"Tuples",[230,96547,40745],{},[37,96549,11837],{"id":11836},[14,96551,11840],{},[42,96553,96555],{"className":44,"code":96554,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[49,96556,96557,96581,96599,96603],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96558,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96560,13431],{"class":58},[52,96562,63],{"class":62},[52,96564,1799],{"class":66},[52,96566,81],{"class":73},[52,96568,13448],{"class":77},[52,96570,81],{"class":73},[52,96572,193],{"class":66},[52,96574,87],{"class":73},[52,96576,13465],{"class":77},[52,96578,81],{"class":73},[52,96580,135],{"class":66},[52,96582,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96584,17638],{"class":58},[52,96586,35],{"class":66},[52,96588,82265],{"class":155},[52,96590,152],{"class":66},[52,96592,81],{"class":73},[52,96594,17591],{"class":77},[52,96596,81],{"class":73},[52,96598,159],{"class":66},[52,96600,96601],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96602,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,96604,96605,96607,96609,96611],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,96606,149],{"class":148},[52,96608,152],{"class":66},[52,96610,17638],{"class":155},[52,96612,159],{"class":66},[14,96614,96615],{},[18,96616,30171],{},[42,96618,96620],{"className":44,"code":96619,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[49,96621,96622],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96623,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96625,174],{"class":66},[52,96627,177],{"class":73},[52,96629,13448],{"class":77},[52,96631,177],{"class":73},[52,96633,193],{"class":66},[52,96635,186],{"class":73},[52,96637,17591],{"class":77},[52,96639,177],{"class":73},[52,96641,193],{"class":66},[52,96643,186],{"class":73},[52,96645,13465],{"class":77},[52,96647,177],{"class":73},[52,96649,135],{"class":66},[14,96651,96652,96653,96656],{},"The new value ",[49,96654,96655],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96658,96659,96660,96663],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[18,96661,96662],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96665,96666],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[42,96668,96670],{"className":44,"code":96669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[49,96671,96672],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96673,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96675,174],{"class":66},[52,96677,177],{"class":73},[52,96679,13465],{"class":77},[52,96681,177],{"class":73},[52,96683,193],{"class":66},[52,96685,186],{"class":73},[52,96687,13448],{"class":77},[52,96689,177],{"class":73},[52,96691,193],{"class":66},[52,96693,186],{"class":73},[52,96695,17591],{"class":77},[52,96697,177],{"class":73},[52,96699,135],{"class":66},[14,96701,96702],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[37,96704,96706],{"id":96705},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96708,96709],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[42,96711,96713],{"className":44,"code":96712,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,96714,96715,96735,96749,96753],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96716,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96718,4012],{"class":58},[52,96720,63],{"class":62},[52,96722,1799],{"class":66},[52,96724,1565],{"class":110},[52,96726,193],{"class":66},[52,96728,1570],{"class":110},[52,96730,193],{"class":66},[52,96732,2850],{"class":110},[52,96734,135],{"class":66},[52,96736,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96738,1578],{"class":58},[52,96740,35],{"class":66},[52,96742,82265],{"class":155},[52,96744,152],{"class":66},[52,96746,2451],{"class":110},[52,96748,159],{"class":66},[52,96750,96751],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96752,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,96754,96755,96757,96759,96761],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,96756,149],{"class":148},[52,96758,152],{"class":66},[52,96760,1578],{"class":155},[52,96762,159],{"class":66},[14,96764,96765],{},[18,96766,164],{},[42,96768,96770],{"className":44,"code":96769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[49,96771,96772],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96773,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96775,174],{"class":66},[52,96777,1565],{"class":110},[52,96779,193],{"class":66},[52,96781,1570],{"class":110},[52,96783,193],{"class":66},[52,96785,2850],{"class":110},[52,96787,135],{"class":66},[14,96789,96790,96791,96793],{},"The set stays the same because ",[49,96792,2451],{}," was already present.",[37,96795,96797,10954,96799],{"id":96796},"add-vs-update",[49,96798,96365],{},[49,96800,15308],{},[14,96802,340,96803,96805,96806,35],{},[49,96804,96365],{}," when you want to add ",[18,96807,52812],{},[42,96809,96811],{"className":44,"code":96810,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[49,96812,96813,96837,96855,96859],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96814,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96816,36237],{"class":58},[52,96818,63],{"class":62},[52,96820,1799],{"class":66},[52,96822,81],{"class":73},[52,96824,26],{"class":77},[52,96826,81],{"class":73},[52,96828,193],{"class":66},[52,96830,87],{"class":73},[52,96832,5157],{"class":77},[52,96834,81],{"class":73},[52,96836,135],{"class":66},[52,96838,96839,96841,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96840,36290],{"class":58},[52,96842,35],{"class":66},[52,96844,82265],{"class":155},[52,96846,152],{"class":66},[52,96848,81],{"class":73},[52,96850,10111],{"class":77},[52,96852,81],{"class":73},[52,96854,159],{"class":66},[52,96856,96857],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96858,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,96860,96861,96863,96865,96867],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,96862,149],{"class":148},[52,96864,152],{"class":66},[52,96866,36290],{"class":155},[52,96868,159],{"class":66},[14,96870,340,96871,96805,96873,96876],{},[49,96872,15308],{},[18,96874,96875],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[42,96878,96880],{"className":44,"code":96879,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[49,96881,96882,96906,96940,96944],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,96883,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96885,36237],{"class":58},[52,96887,63],{"class":62},[52,96889,1799],{"class":66},[52,96891,81],{"class":73},[52,96893,26],{"class":77},[52,96895,81],{"class":73},[52,96897,193],{"class":66},[52,96899,87],{"class":73},[52,96901,5157],{"class":77},[52,96903,81],{"class":73},[52,96905,135],{"class":66},[52,96907,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,96909,36290],{"class":58},[52,96911,35],{"class":66},[52,96913,30606],{"class":155},[52,96915,2152],{"class":66},[52,96917,81],{"class":73},[52,96919,10111],{"class":77},[52,96921,81],{"class":73},[52,96923,193],{"class":66},[52,96925,87],{"class":73},[52,96927,18904],{"class":77},[52,96929,81],{"class":73},[52,96931,193],{"class":66},[52,96933,87],{"class":73},[52,96935,60605],{"class":77},[52,96937,81],{"class":73},[52,96939,1718],{"class":66},[52,96941,96942],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,96943,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,96945,96946,96948,96950,96952],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,96947,149],{"class":148},[52,96949,152],{"class":66},[52,96951,36290],{"class":155},[52,96953,159],{"class":66},[487,96955,96957],{"id":96956},"key-difference","Key difference",[227,96959,96960,96965],{},[230,96961,96962,96964],{},[49,96963,96365],{}," adds one item",[230,96966,96967,96969],{},[49,96968,15308],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96971,96972,96973,35],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[26,96974,96976,96977,2292],{"href":96975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[49,96978,15308],{},[37,96980,17554],{"id":17553},[14,96982,96983,2795,96985,35],{},[49,96984,96370],{},[49,96986,4175],{},[14,96988,96989,96990,96992],{},"That means you should ",[18,96991,1006],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[487,96994,96996],{"id":96995},"correct","Correct",[42,96998,97000],{"className":44,"code":96999,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[49,97001,97002,97022,97036,97040],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97003,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97005,714],{"class":58},[52,97007,63],{"class":62},[52,97009,1799],{"class":66},[52,97011,1565],{"class":110},[52,97013,193],{"class":66},[52,97015,1570],{"class":110},[52,97017,193],{"class":66},[52,97019,2850],{"class":110},[52,97021,135],{"class":66},[52,97023,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97025,755],{"class":58},[52,97027,35],{"class":66},[52,97029,82265],{"class":155},[52,97031,152],{"class":66},[52,97033,2903],{"class":110},[52,97035,159],{"class":66},[52,97037,97038],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97039,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97041,97042,97044,97046,97048],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97043,149],{"class":148},[52,97045,152],{"class":66},[52,97047,755],{"class":155},[52,97049,159],{"class":66},[487,97051,97052],{"id":61927},"Wrong",[42,97054,97056],{"className":44,"code":97055,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[49,97057,97058,97078,97097,97101],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97059,97060,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97061,714],{"class":58},[52,97063,63],{"class":62},[52,97065,1799],{"class":66},[52,97067,1565],{"class":110},[52,97069,193],{"class":66},[52,97071,1570],{"class":110},[52,97073,193],{"class":66},[52,97075,2850],{"class":110},[52,97077,135],{"class":66},[52,97079,97080,97082,97084,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97081,714],{"class":58},[52,97083,63],{"class":62},[52,97085,97086],{"class":58}," my_set",[52,97088,35],{"class":66},[52,97090,82265],{"class":155},[52,97092,152],{"class":66},[52,97094,2903],{"class":110},[52,97096,159],{"class":66},[52,97098,97099],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97100,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97102,97103,97105,97107,97109],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97104,149],{"class":148},[52,97106,152],{"class":66},[52,97108,755],{"class":155},[52,97110,159],{"class":66},[14,97112,97113],{},[18,97114,164],{},[42,97116,97117],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,97118,97119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97120,97121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97122,12165],{"class":128},[14,97124,97125],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[37,97127,97129],{"id":97128},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97131,97132],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[227,97134,97135,97137,97139,97141],{},[230,97136,56618],{},[230,97138,56621],{},[230,97140,96545],{},[230,97142,40745],{},[14,97144,511],{},[42,97146,97148],{"className":44,"code":97147,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[49,97149,97150,97160,97164,97178,97196,97214,97228,97232],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97151,97152,97154,97156,97158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97153,8175],{"class":58},[52,97155,63],{"class":62},[52,97157,719],{"class":646},[52,97159,650],{"class":66},[52,97161,97162],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97163,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97165,97166,97168,97170,97172,97174,97176],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97167,8204],{"class":58},[52,97169,35],{"class":66},[52,97171,82265],{"class":155},[52,97173,152],{"class":66},[52,97175,2728],{"class":110},[52,97177,159],{"class":66},[52,97179,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188,97190,97192,97194],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97181,8204],{"class":58},[52,97183,35],{"class":66},[52,97185,82265],{"class":155},[52,97187,152],{"class":66},[52,97189,81],{"class":73},[52,97191,4241],{"class":77},[52,97193,81],{"class":73},[52,97195,159],{"class":66},[52,97197,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,97199,8204],{"class":58},[52,97201,35],{"class":66},[52,97203,82265],{"class":155},[52,97205,5908],{"class":66},[52,97207,1565],{"class":110},[52,97209,193],{"class":66},[52,97211,1570],{"class":110},[52,97213,742],{"class":66},[52,97215,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224,97226],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97217,8204],{"class":58},[52,97219,35],{"class":66},[52,97221,82265],{"class":155},[52,97223,152],{"class":66},[52,97225,862],{"class":128},[52,97227,159],{"class":66},[52,97229,97230],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,97231,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97233,97234,97236,97238,97240],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,97235,149],{"class":148},[52,97237,152],{"class":66},[52,97239,8204],{"class":155},[52,97241,159],{"class":66},[14,97243,97244],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[227,97246,97247,97250,97253],{},[230,97248,97249],{},"Lists",[230,97251,97252],{},"Dictionaries",[230,97254,97255],{},"Sets",[14,97257,97258],{},"Example that causes an error:",[42,97260,97262],{"className":44,"code":97261,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[49,97263,97264,97284],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97265,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280,97282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97267,8175],{"class":58},[52,97269,63],{"class":62},[52,97271,1799],{"class":66},[52,97273,1565],{"class":110},[52,97275,193],{"class":66},[52,97277,1570],{"class":110},[52,97279,193],{"class":66},[52,97281,2850],{"class":110},[52,97283,135],{"class":66},[52,97285,97286,97288,97290,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97287,8204],{"class":58},[52,97289,35],{"class":66},[52,97291,82265],{"class":155},[52,97293,2152],{"class":66},[52,97295,2903],{"class":110},[52,97297,193],{"class":66},[52,97299,5002],{"class":110},[52,97301,1718],{"class":66},[14,97303,97304],{},[18,97305,29822],{},[42,97307,97309],{"className":44,"code":97308,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[49,97310,97311],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97312,97313,97315,97317,97320,97322,97324,97326,97328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97314,3401],{"class":646},[52,97316,84],{"class":66},[52,97318,97319],{"class":58}," unhashable ",[52,97321,734],{"class":646},[52,97323,84],{"class":66},[52,97325,186],{"class":73},[52,97327,8488],{"class":77},[52,97329,29841],{"class":73},[14,97331,97332],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97334,97335,97336,35],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[49,97337,97338],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[37,97340,1743],{"id":1742},[14,97342,15088,97343,84],{},[49,97344,96370],{},[227,97346,97347,97352,97357,97360,97367],{},[230,97348,8813,97349,97351],{},[49,97350,96365],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[230,97353,8849,97354,97356],{},[49,97355,96365],{}," to return the updated set",[230,97358,97359],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[230,97361,37352,97362,97364,97365],{},[49,97363,96370],{}," with list ",[49,97366,52808],{},[230,97368,97369],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97371,71665],{},[42,97373,97375],{"className":44,"code":97374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[49,97376,97377,97387,97401,97411,97425],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97378,97379,97381,97383,97385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97380,149],{"class":148},[52,97382,152],{"class":66},[52,97384,755],{"class":155},[52,97386,159],{"class":66},[52,97388,97389,97391,97393,97395,97397,97399],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97390,149],{"class":148},[52,97392,152],{"class":66},[52,97394,734],{"class":646},[52,97396,152],{"class":66},[52,97398,755],{"class":155},[52,97400,742],{"class":66},[52,97402,97403,97405,97407,97409],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97404,149],{"class":148},[52,97406,152],{"class":66},[52,97408,263],{"class":155},[52,97410,159],{"class":66},[52,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419,97421,97423],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97414,149],{"class":148},[52,97416,152],{"class":66},[52,97418,734],{"class":646},[52,97420,152],{"class":66},[52,97422,263],{"class":155},[52,97424,742],{"class":66},[52,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433,97435,97437],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,97428,32295],{"class":148},[52,97430,152],{"class":66},[52,97432,796],{"class":646},[52,97434,35],{"class":66},[52,97436,82265],{"class":24889},[52,97438,159],{"class":66},[14,97440,97441,97442,97444,97445,35],{},"Also remember that ",[49,97443,96370],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[26,97446,53205],{"href":97447},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[37,97449,2220],{"id":2219},[487,97451,13061,97453,97455],{"id":97452},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[49,97454,96370],{}," return a new set?",[14,97457,97458,97459,35],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[49,97460,4175],{},[487,97462,97464],{"id":97463},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97466,97467],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[487,97469,97471],{"id":97470},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97473,340,97474,11456,97477,35],{},[49,97475,97476],{},"set.update()",[49,97478,96365],{},[487,97480,97482],{"id":97481},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97484,97485,97486,35],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[49,97487,3401],{},[37,97489,2277],{"id":2276},[227,97491,97492,97496,97501],{},[230,97493,97494],{},[26,97495,96490],{"href":96489},[230,97497,97498],{},[26,97499,97500],{"href":96493},"How to create a set in Python",[230,97502,97503],{},[26,97504,96976,97505,2292],{"href":96975},[49,97506,15308],{},[14,97508,97509,97510,97512],{},"Once you understand ",[49,97511,96365],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2315,97514,97515],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":97517},[97518,97519,97521,97522,97523,97524,97528,97532,97533,97534,97541],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":96462,"depth":70,"text":97520},"What set.add() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":96705,"depth":70,"text":96706},{"id":96796,"depth":70,"text":97525,"children":97526},"add() vs update()",[97527],{"id":96956,"depth":98,"text":96957},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554,"children":97529},[97530,97531],{"id":96995,"depth":98,"text":96996},{"id":61927,"depth":98,"text":97052},{"id":97128,"depth":70,"text":97129},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":97535},[97536,97538,97539,97540],{"id":97452,"depth":98,"text":97537},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97463,"depth":98,"text":97464},{"id":97470,"depth":98,"text":97471},{"id":97481,"depth":98,"text":97482},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96356,"description":97542},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97549,"title":97550,"body":97551,"description":98720,"extension":2357,"meta":98721,"navigation":141,"path":98722,"seo":98723,"stem":98724,"__hash__":98725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97552,"toc":98687},[97553,97558,97564,97571,97616,97618,97629,97634,97639,97643,97657,97662,97664,97666,97681,97683,97697,97699,97701,97766,97768,97778,97780,97798,97804,97811,97816,97890,97892,97909,97915,97920,97991,97993,98020,98037,98040,98046,98048,98055,98059,98126,98128,98143,98146,98199,98201,98209,98221,98223,98227,98232,98234,98283,98285,98293,98295,98340,98342,98352,98358,98366,98379,98385,98387,98416,98418,98436,98440,98443,98474,98476,98494,98498,98573,98575,98591,98598,98600,98605,98610,98616,98619,98623,98631,98638,98646,98648,98684],[10,97554,96362,97556,11684],{"id":97555},"python-set-clear-method",[49,97557,11683],{},[14,97559,97560,97563],{},[49,97561,97562],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97565,97566,97567,97570],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[18,97568,97569],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[42,97572,97574],{"className":44,"code":97573,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,97575,97576,97596,97606],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97577,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97579,4012],{"class":58},[52,97581,63],{"class":62},[52,97583,1799],{"class":66},[52,97585,1565],{"class":110},[52,97587,193],{"class":66},[52,97589,1570],{"class":110},[52,97591,193],{"class":66},[52,97593,2850],{"class":110},[52,97595,135],{"class":66},[52,97597,97598,97600,97602,97604],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97599,1578],{"class":58},[52,97601,35],{"class":66},[52,97603,11745],{"class":155},[52,97605,650],{"class":66},[52,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97609,149],{"class":148},[52,97611,152],{"class":66},[52,97613,1578],{"class":155},[52,97615,159],{"class":66},[14,97617,164],{},[42,97619,97621],{"className":44,"code":97620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set()\n",[49,97622,97623],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97624,97625,97627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97626,796],{"class":646},[52,97628,650],{"class":66},[14,97630,97631,97633],{},[49,97632,11683],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[37,97635,4073,97637,4076],{"id":97636},"what-setclear-does",[49,97638,97562],{},[14,97640,2374,97641,11775],{},[49,97642,11683],{},[227,97644,97645,97648,97650,97654],{},[230,97646,97647],{},"Removes every item from a set",[230,97649,96477],{},[230,97651,11786,97652],{},[49,97653,4175],{},[230,97655,97656],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97658,96486,97659,71764],{},[26,97660,96490],{"href":97661},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[37,97663,2553],{"id":2552},[14,97665,54603],{},[42,97667,97669],{"className":44,"code":97668,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.clear()\n",[49,97670,97671],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97672,97673,97675,97677,97679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97674,755],{"class":58},[52,97676,35],{"class":66},[52,97678,11745],{"class":155},[52,97680,650],{"class":66},[14,97682,13407],{},[227,97684,97685,97688,97691,97694],{},[230,97686,97687],{},"It takes no arguments",[230,97689,97690],{},"It empties the set",[230,97692,97693],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[230,97695,97696],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[37,97698,11837],{"id":11836},[14,97700,11840],{},[42,97702,97704],{"className":44,"code":97703,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[49,97705,97706,97738,97742,97752,97756],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97707,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97709,13431],{"class":58},[52,97711,63],{"class":62},[52,97713,1799],{"class":66},[52,97715,81],{"class":73},[52,97717,13448],{"class":77},[52,97719,81],{"class":73},[52,97721,193],{"class":66},[52,97723,87],{"class":73},[52,97725,17591],{"class":77},[52,97727,81],{"class":73},[52,97729,193],{"class":66},[52,97731,87],{"class":73},[52,97733,13465],{"class":77},[52,97735,81],{"class":73},[52,97737,135],{"class":66},[52,97739,97740],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97741,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97743,97744,97746,97748,97750],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97745,17638],{"class":58},[52,97747,35],{"class":66},[52,97749,11745],{"class":155},[52,97751,650],{"class":66},[52,97753,97754],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97755,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97757,97758,97760,97762,97764],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,97759,149],{"class":148},[52,97761,152],{"class":66},[52,97763,17638],{"class":155},[52,97765,159],{"class":66},[14,97767,164],{},[42,97769,97770],{"className":44,"code":97620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,97771,97772],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97773,97774,97776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97775,796],{"class":646},[52,97777,650],{"class":66},[14,97779,12041],{},[227,97781,97782,97787,97792],{},[230,97783,97784,97786],{},[49,97785,17638],{}," starts with three values",[230,97788,97789,12054],{},[49,97790,97791],{},"colors.clear()",[230,97793,97794,97795,97797],{},"Printing the set shows ",[49,97796,695],{},", which means an empty set",[37,97799,97801,97803],{"id":97800},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[49,97802,11683],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97805,97806,2262,97808,97810],{},[49,97807,11683],{},[49,97809,695],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[487,97812,8813,97814],{"id":97813},"using-clear",[49,97815,11683],{},[42,97817,97819],{"className":44,"code":97818,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[49,97820,97821,97841,97851,97855,97865,97869,97879],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97822,97823,97825,97827,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97824,8175],{"class":58},[52,97826,63],{"class":62},[52,97828,1799],{"class":66},[52,97830,1565],{"class":110},[52,97832,193],{"class":66},[52,97834,1570],{"class":110},[52,97836,193],{"class":66},[52,97838,2850],{"class":110},[52,97840,135],{"class":66},[52,97842,97843,97846,97848],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97844,97845],{"class":58},"other_name ",[52,97847,63],{"class":62},[52,97849,97850],{"class":58}," items\n",[52,97852,97853],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97854,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97856,97857,97859,97861,97863],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97858,8204],{"class":58},[52,97860,35],{"class":66},[52,97862,11745],{"class":155},[52,97864,650],{"class":66},[52,97866,97867],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,97868,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97870,97871,97873,97875,97877],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97872,149],{"class":148},[52,97874,152],{"class":66},[52,97876,8204],{"class":155},[52,97878,159],{"class":66},[52,97880,97881,97883,97885,97888],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,97882,149],{"class":148},[52,97884,152],{"class":66},[52,97886,97887],{"class":155},"other_name",[52,97889,159],{"class":66},[14,97891,164],{},[42,97893,97895],{"className":44,"code":97894,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set()\nset()\n",[49,97896,97897,97903],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97898,97899,97901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97900,796],{"class":646},[52,97902,650],{"class":66},[52,97904,97905,97907],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97906,796],{"class":646},[52,97908,650],{"class":66},[14,97910,97911,97912,35],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[18,97913,97914],{},"same set object",[487,97916,8813,97918],{"id":97917},"using-set",[49,97919,695],{},[42,97921,97923],{"className":44,"code":97922,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[49,97924,97925,97945,97953,97957,97967,97971,97981],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97926,97927,97929,97931,97933,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97928,8175],{"class":58},[52,97930,63],{"class":62},[52,97932,1799],{"class":66},[52,97934,1565],{"class":110},[52,97936,193],{"class":66},[52,97938,1570],{"class":110},[52,97940,193],{"class":66},[52,97942,2850],{"class":110},[52,97944,135],{"class":66},[52,97946,97947,97949,97951],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,97948,97845],{"class":58},[52,97950,63],{"class":62},[52,97952,97850],{"class":58},[52,97954,97955],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,97956,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97958,97959,97961,97963,97965],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,97960,8175],{"class":58},[52,97962,63],{"class":62},[52,97964,719],{"class":646},[52,97966,650],{"class":66},[52,97968,97969],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,97970,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,97972,97973,97975,97977,97979],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,97974,149],{"class":148},[52,97976,152],{"class":66},[52,97978,8204],{"class":155},[52,97980,159],{"class":66},[52,97982,97983,97985,97987,97989],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,97984,149],{"class":148},[52,97986,152],{"class":66},[52,97988,97887],{"class":155},[52,97990,159],{"class":66},[14,97992,164],{},[42,97994,97996],{"className":44,"code":97995,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[49,97997,97998,98004],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,97999,98000,98002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98001,796],{"class":646},[52,98003,650],{"class":66},[52,98005,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98007,174],{"class":66},[52,98009,1565],{"class":110},[52,98011,193],{"class":66},[52,98013,1570],{"class":110},[52,98015,193],{"class":66},[52,98017,2850],{"class":110},[52,98019,135],{"class":66},[14,98021,20908,98022,93254,98025,98028,98029,35,98031,98033,98034,98036],{},[49,98023,98024],{},"items = set()",[18,98026,98027],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[49,98030,8204],{},[10217,98032],{},"\nBut ",[49,98035,97887],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,98038,98039],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,98041,98042,98043,35],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[26,98044,96494],{"href":98045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[37,98047,17554],{"id":17553},[14,98049,98050,14408,98052,98054],{},[49,98051,11683],{},[18,98053,1006],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,98056,5545,98057,35],{},[49,98058,4175],{},[42,98060,98062],{"className":44,"code":98061,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,98063,98064,98084,98088,98102,98106,98116],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98065,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080,98082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98067,4012],{"class":58},[52,98069,63],{"class":62},[52,98071,1799],{"class":66},[52,98073,1565],{"class":110},[52,98075,193],{"class":66},[52,98077,1570],{"class":110},[52,98079,193],{"class":66},[52,98081,2850],{"class":110},[52,98083,135],{"class":66},[52,98085,98086],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98087,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,98089,98090,98092,98094,98096,98098,98100],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98091,2626],{"class":58},[52,98093,63],{"class":62},[52,98095,4659],{"class":58},[52,98097,35],{"class":66},[52,98099,11745],{"class":155},[52,98101,650],{"class":66},[52,98103,98104],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,98105,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,98107,98108,98110,98112,98114],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,98109,149],{"class":148},[52,98111,152],{"class":66},[52,98113,2661],{"class":155},[52,98115,159],{"class":66},[52,98117,98118,98120,98122,98124],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98119,149],{"class":148},[52,98121,152],{"class":66},[52,98123,1578],{"class":155},[52,98125,159],{"class":66},[14,98127,164],{},[42,98129,98131],{"className":44,"code":98130,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"None\nset()\n",[49,98132,98133,98137],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98134,98135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98136,12165],{"class":128},[52,98138,98139,98141],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98140,796],{"class":646},[52,98142,650],{"class":66},[14,98144,98145],{},"Do not do this:",[42,98147,98149],{"className":44,"code":98148,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,98150,98151,98171,98185,98189],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98152,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98154,4012],{"class":58},[52,98156,63],{"class":62},[52,98158,1799],{"class":66},[52,98160,1565],{"class":110},[52,98162,193],{"class":66},[52,98164,1570],{"class":110},[52,98166,193],{"class":66},[52,98168,2850],{"class":110},[52,98170,135],{"class":66},[52,98172,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181,98183],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98174,4012],{"class":58},[52,98176,63],{"class":62},[52,98178,4659],{"class":58},[52,98180,35],{"class":66},[52,98182,11745],{"class":155},[52,98184,650],{"class":66},[52,98186,98187],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98188,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,98190,98191,98193,98195,98197],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,98192,149],{"class":148},[52,98194,152],{"class":66},[52,98196,1578],{"class":155},[52,98198,159],{"class":66},[14,98200,164],{},[42,98202,98203],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,98204,98205],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98206,98207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98208,12165],{"class":128},[14,98210,22327,98211,2795,98213,98215,98216,98218,98219,35],{},[49,98212,54716],{},[49,98214,4175],{},", and then you assign that ",[49,98217,4175],{}," back to ",[49,98220,1578],{},[37,98222,4915],{"id":4914},[14,98224,11112,98225,35],{},[49,98226,97562],{},[487,98228,12951,98230],{"id":98229},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[49,98231,11683],{},[14,98233,1773],{},[42,98235,98237],{"className":44,"code":98236,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[49,98238,98239,98259,98273],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98240,98241,98243,98245,98247,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98242,714],{"class":58},[52,98244,63],{"class":62},[52,98246,1799],{"class":66},[52,98248,1565],{"class":110},[52,98250,193],{"class":66},[52,98252,1570],{"class":110},[52,98254,193],{"class":66},[52,98256,2850],{"class":110},[52,98258,135],{"class":66},[52,98260,98261,98263,98265,98267,98269,98271],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98262,714],{"class":58},[52,98264,63],{"class":62},[52,98266,97086],{"class":58},[52,98268,35],{"class":66},[52,98270,11745],{"class":155},[52,98272,650],{"class":66},[52,98274,98275,98277,98279,98281],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98276,149],{"class":148},[52,98278,152],{"class":66},[52,98280,755],{"class":155},[52,98282,159],{"class":66},[14,98284,164],{},[42,98286,98287],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,98288,98289],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98290,98291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98292,12165],{"class":128},[14,98294,1785],{},[42,98296,98298],{"className":44,"code":98297,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[49,98299,98300,98320,98330],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98303,714],{"class":58},[52,98305,63],{"class":62},[52,98307,1799],{"class":66},[52,98309,1565],{"class":110},[52,98311,193],{"class":66},[52,98313,1570],{"class":110},[52,98315,193],{"class":66},[52,98317,2850],{"class":110},[52,98319,135],{"class":66},[52,98321,98322,98324,98326,98328],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98323,755],{"class":58},[52,98325,35],{"class":66},[52,98327,11745],{"class":155},[52,98329,650],{"class":66},[52,98331,98332,98334,98336,98338],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98333,149],{"class":148},[52,98335,152],{"class":66},[52,98337,755],{"class":155},[52,98339,159],{"class":66},[14,98341,164],{},[42,98343,98344],{"className":44,"code":97620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,98345,98346],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98347,98348,98350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98349,796],{"class":646},[52,98351,650],{"class":66},[487,98353,8849,98355,98357],{"id":98354},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[49,98356,11683],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98359,98360,98362,98363,98365],{},[49,98361,11683],{}," removes ",[18,98364,4112],{}," items from the set.",[14,98367,98368,98369,30,98374,35],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[26,98370,98372],{"href":98371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[49,98373,55685],{},[26,98375,98377],{"href":98376},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[49,98378,13120],{},[487,98380,8813,98382,98384],{"id":98381},"using-for-an-empty-set",[49,98383,343],{}," for an empty set",[14,98386,25830],{},[42,98388,98390],{"className":44,"code":98389,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[49,98391,98392,98401],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98393,98394,98397,98399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98395,98396],{"class":58},"empty_value ",[52,98398,63],{"class":62},[52,98400,621],{"class":66},[52,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411,98414],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98404,149],{"class":148},[52,98406,152],{"class":66},[52,98408,734],{"class":646},[52,98410,152],{"class":66},[52,98412,98413],{"class":155},"empty_value",[52,98415,742],{"class":66},[14,98417,164],{},[42,98419,98420],{"className":44,"code":9205,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,98421,98422],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98423,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98425,771],{"class":62},[52,98427,775],{"class":774},[52,98429,186],{"class":73},[52,98431,780],{"class":77},[52,98433,177],{"class":73},[52,98435,785],{"class":62},[14,98437,98438,9185],{},[49,98439,343],{},[14,98441,98442],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[42,98444,98446],{"className":44,"code":98445,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[49,98447,98448,98459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98449,98450,98453,98455,98457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98451,98452],{"class":58},"empty_set ",[52,98454,63],{"class":62},[52,98456,719],{"class":646},[52,98458,650],{"class":66},[52,98460,98461,98463,98465,98467,98469,98472],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98462,149],{"class":148},[52,98464,152],{"class":66},[52,98466,734],{"class":646},[52,98468,152],{"class":66},[52,98470,98471],{"class":155},"empty_set",[52,98473,742],{"class":66},[14,98475,164],{},[42,98477,98478],{"className":44,"code":9248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,98479,98480],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98481,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98483,771],{"class":62},[52,98485,775],{"class":774},[52,98487,186],{"class":73},[52,98489,796],{"class":77},[52,98491,177],{"class":73},[52,98493,785],{"class":62},[487,98495,98497],{"id":98496},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[42,98499,98501],{"className":44,"code":98500,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[49,98502,98503,98527,98535,98539,98549,98553,98563],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98504,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521,98523,98525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98506,2953],{"class":58},[52,98508,63],{"class":62},[52,98510,1799],{"class":66},[52,98512,81],{"class":73},[52,98514,2570],{"class":77},[52,98516,81],{"class":73},[52,98518,193],{"class":66},[52,98520,87],{"class":73},[52,98522,12102],{"class":77},[52,98524,81],{"class":73},[52,98526,135],{"class":66},[52,98528,98529,98531,98533],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98530,2981],{"class":58},[52,98532,63],{"class":62},[52,98534,36322],{"class":58},[52,98536,98537],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98538,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,98540,98541,98543,98545,98547],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,98542,26],{"class":58},[52,98544,35],{"class":66},[52,98546,11745],{"class":155},[52,98548,650],{"class":66},[52,98550,98551],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,98552,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,98554,98555,98557,98559,98561],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98556,149],{"class":148},[52,98558,152],{"class":66},[52,98560,26],{"class":155},[52,98562,159],{"class":66},[52,98564,98565,98567,98569,98571],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,98566,149],{"class":148},[52,98568,152],{"class":66},[52,98570,5157],{"class":155},[52,98572,159],{"class":66},[14,98574,164],{},[42,98576,98577],{"className":44,"code":97894,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,98578,98579,98585],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98580,98581,98583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98582,796],{"class":646},[52,98584,650],{"class":66},[52,98586,98587,98589],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98588,796],{"class":646},[52,98590,650],{"class":66},[14,98592,29202,98593,2262,98595,98597],{},[49,98594,26],{},[49,98596,5157],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[37,98599,2220],{"id":2219},[487,98601,5539,98603,5542],{"id":98602},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[49,98604,97562],{},[14,98606,5545,98607,98609],{},[49,98608,4175],{},". It empties the set in place.",[487,98611,13061,98613,98615],{"id":98612},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[49,98614,11683],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98617,98618],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[487,98620,98622],{"id":98621},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98624,98625,98626,98628,98629,35],{},"You already have one after ",[49,98627,11683],{},". Printing it shows ",[49,98630,695],{},[487,98632,2259,98634,2262,98636,2265],{"id":98633},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[49,98635,11683],{},[49,98637,695],{},[14,98639,98640,98642,98643,98645],{},[49,98641,11683],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[49,98644,695],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[37,98647,2277],{"id":2276},[227,98649,98650,98654,98658,98665,98671,98677],{},[230,98651,98652],{},[26,98653,96490],{"href":97661},[230,98655,98656],{},[26,98657,97500],{"href":98045},[230,98659,98660],{},[26,98661,96976,98663,2292],{"href":98662},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[49,98664,96365],{},[230,98666,98667],{},[26,98668,96976,98669,2292],{"href":98371},[49,98670,55685],{},[230,98672,98673],{},[26,98674,96976,98675,2292],{"href":98376},[49,98676,13120],{},[230,98678,98679],{},[26,98680,96976,98682,2292],{"href":98681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[49,98683,15308],{},[2315,98685,98686],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":98688},[98689,98691,98692,98693,98700,98701,98710,98719],{"id":97636,"depth":70,"text":98690},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":97800,"depth":70,"text":98694,"children":98695},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98696,98698],{"id":97813,"depth":98,"text":98697},"Using clear()",{"id":97917,"depth":98,"text":98699},"Using set()",{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":98702},[98703,98705,98707,98709],{"id":98229,"depth":98,"text":98704},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98354,"depth":98,"text":98706},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98381,"depth":98,"text":98708},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98496,"depth":98,"text":98497},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":98711},[98712,98714,98716,98717],{"id":98602,"depth":98,"text":98713},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98612,"depth":98,"text":98715},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98621,"depth":98,"text":98622},{"id":98633,"depth":98,"text":98718},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97550,"description":98720},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98727,"title":98728,"body":98729,"description":100561,"extension":2357,"meta":100562,"navigation":141,"path":96493,"seo":100563,"stem":100564,"__hash__":100565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98730,"toc":100518},[98731,98734,98737,98740,98742,98845,98849,98896,98902,98904,98923,98927,98930,98932,98946,98955,98959,98962,98997,99001,99021,99024,99028,99031,99092,99096,99121,99128,99134,99139,99141,99153,99157,99206,99210,99234,99241,99245,99286,99290,99311,99315,99348,99352,99393,99396,99400,99405,99444,99448,99473,99478,99484,99521,99525,99548,99552,99554,99557,99560,99637,99641,99678,99681,99685,99691,99694,99704,99753,99759,99765,99792,99795,99817,99819,99850,99853,99857,99861,99900,99904,99967,99970,100003,100007,100032,100034,100037,100043,100046,100073,100076,100094,100098,100102,100105,100148,100151,100155,100158,100161,100191,100194,100198,100201,100216,100221,100225,100228,100317,100319,100322,100412,100415,100433,100435,100439,100449,100453,100461,100465,100468,100472,100475,100479,100482,100484,100512,100515],[10,98732,98728],{"id":98733},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98735,98736],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98738,98739],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[37,98741,4002],{"id":4001},[42,98743,98745],{"className":44,"code":98744,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[49,98746,98747,98767,98801,98811,98815,98825,98835],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98748,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98750,4012],{"class":58},[52,98752,63],{"class":62},[52,98754,1799],{"class":66},[52,98756,1565],{"class":110},[52,98758,193],{"class":66},[52,98760,1570],{"class":110},[52,98762,193],{"class":66},[52,98764,2850],{"class":110},[52,98766,135],{"class":66},[52,98768,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98770,4465],{"class":58},[52,98772,63],{"class":62},[52,98774,719],{"class":646},[52,98776,2152],{"class":66},[52,98778,81],{"class":73},[52,98780,4474],{"class":77},[52,98782,81],{"class":73},[52,98784,193],{"class":66},[52,98786,87],{"class":73},[52,98788,4483],{"class":77},[52,98790,81],{"class":73},[52,98792,193],{"class":66},[52,98794,87],{"class":73},[52,98796,4474],{"class":77},[52,98798,81],{"class":73},[52,98800,1718],{"class":66},[52,98802,98803,98805,98807,98809],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98804,98452],{"class":58},[52,98806,63],{"class":62},[52,98808,719],{"class":646},[52,98810,650],{"class":66},[52,98812,98813],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,98814,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,98816,98817,98819,98821,98823],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,98818,149],{"class":148},[52,98820,152],{"class":66},[52,98822,1578],{"class":155},[52,98824,159],{"class":66},[52,98826,98827,98829,98831,98833],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,98828,149],{"class":148},[52,98830,152],{"class":66},[52,98832,4509],{"class":155},[52,98834,159],{"class":66},[52,98836,98837,98839,98841,98843],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,98838,149],{"class":148},[52,98840,152],{"class":66},[52,98842,98471],{"class":155},[52,98844,159],{"class":66},[14,98846,98847],{},[18,98848,164],{},[42,98850,98852],{"className":44,"code":98851,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[49,98853,98854,98870,98890],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98855,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98857,174],{"class":66},[52,98859,1565],{"class":110},[52,98861,193],{"class":66},[52,98863,1570],{"class":110},[52,98865,193],{"class":66},[52,98867,2850],{"class":110},[52,98869,135],{"class":66},[52,98871,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98873,174],{"class":66},[52,98875,177],{"class":73},[52,98877,4483],{"class":77},[52,98879,177],{"class":73},[52,98881,193],{"class":66},[52,98883,186],{"class":73},[52,98885,4474],{"class":77},[52,98887,177],{"class":73},[52,98889,135],{"class":66},[52,98891,98892,98894],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,98893,796],{"class":646},[52,98895,650],{"class":66},[14,98897,98898,98899,98901],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[49,98900,695],{}," for an empty set.",[37,98903,225],{"id":224},[227,98905,98906,98909,98914,98917,98920],{},[230,98907,98908],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[230,98910,98911,98912],{},"How to create a set with ",[49,98913,695],{},[230,98915,98916],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[230,98918,98919],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[230,98921,98922],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[37,98924,98926],{"id":98925},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98928,98929],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98931,30682],{},[227,98933,98934,98937,98940,98943],{},[230,98935,98936],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[230,98938,98939],{},"Sets are unordered",[230,98941,98942],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[230,98944,98945],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98947,98948,98949,30,98951,35],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[26,98950,96490],{"href":97661},[26,98952,98954],{"href":98953},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[37,98956,98958],{"id":98957},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98960,98961],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[42,98963,98965],{"className":44,"code":98964,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,98966,98967,98987],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,98968,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98970,4012],{"class":58},[52,98972,63],{"class":62},[52,98974,1799],{"class":66},[52,98976,1565],{"class":110},[52,98978,193],{"class":66},[52,98980,1570],{"class":110},[52,98982,193],{"class":66},[52,98984,2850],{"class":110},[52,98986,135],{"class":66},[52,98988,98989,98991,98993,98995],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,98990,149],{"class":148},[52,98992,152],{"class":66},[52,98994,1578],{"class":155},[52,98996,159],{"class":66},[14,98998,98999],{},[18,99000,30171],{},[42,99002,99003],{"className":44,"code":96769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,99004,99005],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99006,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99008,174],{"class":66},[52,99010,1565],{"class":110},[52,99012,193],{"class":66},[52,99014,1570],{"class":110},[52,99016,193],{"class":66},[52,99018,2850],{"class":110},[52,99020,135],{"class":66},[14,99022,99023],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[487,99025,99027],{"id":99026},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,99029,99030],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[42,99032,99034],{"className":44,"code":99033,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[49,99035,99036,99068,99078],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99037,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99039,4012],{"class":58},[52,99041,63],{"class":62},[52,99043,1799],{"class":66},[52,99045,1565],{"class":110},[52,99047,193],{"class":66},[52,99049,1570],{"class":110},[52,99051,193],{"class":66},[52,99053,1570],{"class":110},[52,99055,193],{"class":66},[52,99057,2850],{"class":110},[52,99059,193],{"class":66},[52,99061,2850],{"class":110},[52,99063,193],{"class":66},[52,99065,2850],{"class":110},[52,99067,135],{"class":66},[52,99069,99070,99072,99074,99076],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99071,149],{"class":148},[52,99073,152],{"class":66},[52,99075,1578],{"class":155},[52,99077,159],{"class":66},[52,99079,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,99081,149],{"class":148},[52,99083,152],{"class":66},[52,99085,2082],{"class":148},[52,99087,152],{"class":66},[52,99089,1578],{"class":155},[52,99091,742],{"class":66},[14,99093,99094],{},[18,99095,30171],{},[42,99097,99099],{"className":44,"code":99098,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[49,99100,99101,99117],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99102,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111,99113,99115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99104,174],{"class":66},[52,99106,1565],{"class":110},[52,99108,193],{"class":66},[52,99110,1570],{"class":110},[52,99112,193],{"class":66},[52,99114,2850],{"class":110},[52,99116,135],{"class":66},[52,99118,99119],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99120,46770],{"class":110},[14,99122,21115,99123,2262,99125,99127],{},[49,99124,2451],{},[49,99126,2457],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[37,99129,99131,99132],{"id":99130},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[49,99133,695],{},[14,99135,340,99136,99138],{},[49,99137,695],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99140,5854],{},[227,99142,99143,99145,99147,99149],{},[230,99144,97249],{},[230,99146,96545],{},[230,99148,56621],{},[230,99150,99151],{},[49,99152,36345],{},[487,99154,99156],{"id":99155},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[42,99158,99160],{"className":44,"code":99159,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,99161,99162,99196],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99163,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99165,4012],{"class":58},[52,99167,63],{"class":62},[52,99169,719],{"class":646},[52,99171,2152],{"class":66},[52,99173,1565],{"class":110},[52,99175,193],{"class":66},[52,99177,1570],{"class":110},[52,99179,193],{"class":66},[52,99181,1570],{"class":110},[52,99183,193],{"class":66},[52,99185,2850],{"class":110},[52,99187,193],{"class":66},[52,99189,2850],{"class":110},[52,99191,193],{"class":66},[52,99193,2856],{"class":110},[52,99195,1718],{"class":66},[52,99197,99198,99200,99202,99204],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99199,149],{"class":148},[52,99201,152],{"class":66},[52,99203,1578],{"class":155},[52,99205,159],{"class":66},[14,99207,99208],{},[18,99209,30171],{},[42,99211,99212],{"className":44,"code":96432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,99213,99214],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99217,174],{"class":66},[52,99219,1565],{"class":110},[52,99221,193],{"class":66},[52,99223,1570],{"class":110},[52,99225,193],{"class":66},[52,99227,2850],{"class":110},[52,99229,193],{"class":66},[52,99231,2856],{"class":110},[52,99233,135],{"class":66},[14,99235,99236,99237,35],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[26,99238,99240],{"href":99239},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[487,99242,99244],{"id":99243},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[42,99246,99248],{"className":44,"code":99247,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[49,99249,99250,99276],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99251,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99253,4218],{"class":58},[52,99255,63],{"class":62},[52,99257,719],{"class":646},[52,99259,5908],{"class":66},[52,99261,2728],{"class":110},[52,99263,193],{"class":66},[52,99265,111],{"class":110},[52,99267,193],{"class":66},[52,99269,111],{"class":110},[52,99271,193],{"class":66},[52,99273,1929],{"class":110},[52,99275,742],{"class":66},[52,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99279,149],{"class":148},[52,99281,152],{"class":66},[52,99283,2071],{"class":155},[52,99285,159],{"class":66},[14,99287,99288],{},[18,99289,30171],{},[42,99291,99293],{"className":44,"code":99292,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[49,99294,99295],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99298,174],{"class":66},[52,99300,2728],{"class":110},[52,99302,193],{"class":66},[52,99304,111],{"class":110},[52,99306,193],{"class":66},[52,99308,1929],{"class":110},[52,99310,135],{"class":66},[487,99312,99314],{"id":99313},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[42,99316,99318],{"className":44,"code":99317,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,99319,99320,99338],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99321,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99323,36237],{"class":58},[52,99325,63],{"class":62},[52,99327,719],{"class":646},[52,99329,152],{"class":66},[52,99331,81],{"class":73},[52,99333,4241],{"class":77},[52,99335,81],{"class":73},[52,99337,159],{"class":66},[52,99339,99340,99342,99344,99346],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99341,149],{"class":148},[52,99343,152],{"class":66},[52,99345,36290],{"class":155},[52,99347,159],{"class":66},[14,99349,99350],{},[18,99351,30171],{},[42,99353,99355],{"className":44,"code":99354,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[49,99356,99357],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99358,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387,99389,99391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99360,174],{"class":66},[52,99362,177],{"class":73},[52,99364,60596],{"class":77},[52,99366,177],{"class":73},[52,99368,193],{"class":66},[52,99370,186],{"class":73},[52,99372,60605],{"class":77},[52,99374,177],{"class":73},[52,99376,193],{"class":66},[52,99378,186],{"class":73},[52,99380,60614],{"class":77},[52,99382,177],{"class":73},[52,99384,193],{"class":66},[52,99386,186],{"class":73},[52,99388,60631],{"class":77},[52,99390,177],{"class":73},[52,99392,135],{"class":66},[14,99394,99395],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[37,99397,99399],{"id":99398},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99401,99402,99403,35],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[49,99404,695],{},[42,99406,99408],{"className":44,"code":99407,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[49,99409,99410,99420,99430],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99411,99412,99414,99416,99418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99413,98452],{"class":58},[52,99415,63],{"class":62},[52,99417,719],{"class":646},[52,99419,650],{"class":66},[52,99421,99422,99424,99426,99428],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99423,149],{"class":148},[52,99425,152],{"class":66},[52,99427,98471],{"class":155},[52,99429,159],{"class":66},[52,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,99433,149],{"class":148},[52,99435,152],{"class":66},[52,99437,734],{"class":646},[52,99439,152],{"class":66},[52,99441,98471],{"class":155},[52,99443,742],{"class":66},[14,99445,99446],{},[18,99447,164],{},[42,99449,99451],{"className":44,"code":99450,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[49,99452,99453,99459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99454,99455,99457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99456,796],{"class":646},[52,99458,650],{"class":66},[52,99460,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99462,771],{"class":62},[52,99464,775],{"class":774},[52,99466,186],{"class":73},[52,99468,796],{"class":77},[52,99470,177],{"class":73},[52,99472,785],{"class":62},[487,99474,44581,99476],{"id":99475},"do-not-use",[49,99477,343],{},[14,99479,99480,99481,99483],{},"Empty braces do ",[18,99482,1006],{}," create a set.",[42,99485,99487],{"className":44,"code":99486,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[49,99488,99489,99497,99507],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99490,99491,99493,99495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99492,98396],{"class":58},[52,99494,63],{"class":62},[52,99496,621],{"class":66},[52,99498,99499,99501,99503,99505],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99500,149],{"class":148},[52,99502,152],{"class":66},[52,99504,98413],{"class":155},[52,99506,159],{"class":66},[52,99508,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,99510,149],{"class":148},[52,99512,152],{"class":66},[52,99514,734],{"class":646},[52,99516,152],{"class":66},[52,99518,98413],{"class":155},[52,99520,742],{"class":66},[14,99522,99523],{},[18,99524,164],{},[42,99526,99528],{"className":44,"code":99527,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[49,99529,99530,99534],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99531,99532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99533,667],{"class":66},[52,99535,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99537,771],{"class":62},[52,99539,775],{"class":774},[52,99541,186],{"class":73},[52,99543,780],{"class":77},[52,99545,177],{"class":73},[52,99547,785],{"class":62},[14,99549,99550,9185],{},[49,99551,343],{},[37,99553,72428],{"id":72427},[14,99555,99556],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99558,99559],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[42,99561,99563],{"className":44,"code":99562,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[49,99564,99565,99613,99623],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99566,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99568,4465],{"class":58},[52,99570,63],{"class":62},[52,99572,1799],{"class":66},[52,99574,81],{"class":73},[52,99576,4474],{"class":77},[52,99578,81],{"class":73},[52,99580,193],{"class":66},[52,99582,87],{"class":73},[52,99584,4483],{"class":77},[52,99586,81],{"class":73},[52,99588,193],{"class":66},[52,99590,87],{"class":73},[52,99592,4474],{"class":77},[52,99594,81],{"class":73},[52,99596,193],{"class":66},[52,99598,87],{"class":73},[52,99600,4474],{"class":77},[52,99602,81],{"class":73},[52,99604,193],{"class":66},[52,99606,87],{"class":73},[52,99608,33364],{"class":77},[52,99610,81],{"class":73},[52,99612,135],{"class":66},[52,99614,99615,99617,99619,99621],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99616,149],{"class":148},[52,99618,152],{"class":66},[52,99620,4509],{"class":155},[52,99622,159],{"class":66},[52,99624,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,99626,149],{"class":148},[52,99628,152],{"class":66},[52,99630,2082],{"class":148},[52,99632,152],{"class":66},[52,99634,4509],{"class":155},[52,99636,742],{"class":66},[14,99638,99639],{},[18,99640,30171],{},[42,99642,99644],{"className":44,"code":99643,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[49,99645,99646,99674],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99647,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670,99672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99649,174],{"class":66},[52,99651,177],{"class":73},[52,99653,4483],{"class":77},[52,99655,177],{"class":73},[52,99657,193],{"class":66},[52,99659,186],{"class":73},[52,99661,33364],{"class":77},[52,99663,177],{"class":73},[52,99665,193],{"class":66},[52,99667,186],{"class":73},[52,99669,4474],{"class":77},[52,99671,177],{"class":73},[52,99673,135],{"class":66},[52,99675,99676],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99677,46770],{"class":110},[14,99679,99680],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[37,99682,99684],{"id":99683},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99686,99687,99688,99690],{},"Set items must be ",[18,99689,96533],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99692,99693],{},"These usually work:",[227,99695,99696,99698,99700,99702],{},[230,99697,56618],{},[230,99699,56621],{},[230,99701,96545],{},[230,99703,40745],{},[42,99705,99707],{"className":44,"code":99706,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[49,99708,99709,99743],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99710,99711,99713,99715,99717,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99712,4218],{"class":58},[52,99714,63],{"class":62},[52,99716,1799],{"class":66},[52,99718,1565],{"class":110},[52,99720,193],{"class":66},[52,99722,87],{"class":73},[52,99724,4474],{"class":77},[52,99726,81],{"class":73},[52,99728,193],{"class":66},[52,99730,1118],{"class":66},[52,99732,2728],{"class":110},[52,99734,193],{"class":66},[52,99736,111],{"class":110},[52,99738,1115],{"class":66},[52,99740,216],{"class":128},[52,99742,135],{"class":66},[52,99744,99745,99747,99749,99751],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99746,149],{"class":148},[52,99748,152],{"class":66},[52,99750,2071],{"class":155},[52,99752,159],{"class":66},[14,99754,99755,99756,99758],{},"These do ",[18,99757,1006],{}," work directly:",[227,99760,99761,99763],{},[230,99762,97249],{},[230,99764,97252],{},[42,99766,99768],{"className":44,"code":99767,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[49,99769,99770],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99771,99772,99775,99777,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99773,99774],{"class":58},"bad_set ",[52,99776,63],{"class":62},[52,99778,99779],{"class":66}," {[",[52,99781,1565],{"class":110},[52,99783,193],{"class":66},[52,99785,1570],{"class":110},[52,99787,193],{"class":66},[52,99789,2850],{"class":110},[52,99791,14061],{"class":66},[14,99793,99794],{},"This raises an error:",[42,99796,99797],{"className":44,"code":97308,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,99798,99799],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99800,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99802,3401],{"class":646},[52,99804,84],{"class":66},[52,99806,97319],{"class":58},[52,99808,734],{"class":646},[52,99810,84],{"class":66},[52,99812,186],{"class":73},[52,99814,8488],{"class":77},[52,99816,29841],{"class":73},[14,99818,52235],{},[42,99820,99822],{"className":44,"code":99821,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[49,99823,99824],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99825,99826,99828,99830,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99827,99774],{"class":58},[52,99829,63],{"class":62},[52,99831,99832],{"class":66}," {{",[52,99834,81],{"class":73},[52,99836,78],{"class":77},[52,99838,81],{"class":73},[52,99840,84],{"class":66},[52,99842,87],{"class":73},[52,99844,976],{"class":77},[52,99846,81],{"class":73},[52,99848,99849],{"class":66},"}}\n",[14,99851,99852],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[37,99854,99856],{"id":99855},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[487,99858,99860],{"id":99859},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[42,99862,99864],{"className":44,"code":99863,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,99865,99866,99890],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99867,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99869,4012],{"class":58},[52,99871,63],{"class":62},[52,99873,1799],{"class":66},[52,99875,1565],{"class":110},[52,99877,193],{"class":66},[52,99879,1570],{"class":110},[52,99881,193],{"class":66},[52,99883,2850],{"class":110},[52,99885,193],{"class":66},[52,99887,2856],{"class":110},[52,99889,135],{"class":66},[52,99891,99892,99894,99896,99898],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99893,149],{"class":148},[52,99895,152],{"class":66},[52,99897,1578],{"class":155},[52,99899,159],{"class":66},[487,99901,99903],{"id":99902},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[42,99905,99907],{"className":44,"code":99906,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[49,99908,99909,99937,99952,99956],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99910,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99912,8175],{"class":58},[52,99914,63],{"class":62},[52,99916,4017],{"class":66},[52,99918,1565],{"class":110},[52,99920,193],{"class":66},[52,99922,5895],{"class":110},[52,99924,193],{"class":66},[52,99926,1570],{"class":110},[52,99928,193],{"class":66},[52,99930,2850],{"class":110},[52,99932,193],{"class":66},[52,99934,2850],{"class":110},[52,99936,4030],{"class":66},[52,99938,99939,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99940,99941],{"class":58},"unique_items ",[52,99943,63],{"class":62},[52,99945,719],{"class":646},[52,99947,152],{"class":66},[52,99949,8204],{"class":155},[52,99951,159],{"class":66},[52,99953,99954],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,99955,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,99957,99958,99960,99962,99965],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,99959,149],{"class":148},[52,99961,152],{"class":66},[52,99963,99964],{"class":155},"unique_items",[52,99966,159],{"class":66},[487,99968,99314],{"id":99969},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[42,99971,99973],{"className":44,"code":99972,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,99974,99975,99993],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,99976,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99978,36237],{"class":58},[52,99980,63],{"class":62},[52,99982,719],{"class":646},[52,99984,152],{"class":66},[52,99986,81],{"class":73},[52,99988,4483],{"class":77},[52,99990,81],{"class":73},[52,99992,159],{"class":66},[52,99994,99995,99997,99999,100001],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,99996,149],{"class":148},[52,99998,152],{"class":66},[52,100000,36290],{"class":155},[52,100002,159],{"class":66},[487,100004,100006],{"id":100005},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[42,100008,100010],{"className":44,"code":100009,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[49,100011,100012,100022],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100013,100014,100016,100018,100020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100015,98452],{"class":58},[52,100017,63],{"class":62},[52,100019,719],{"class":646},[52,100021,650],{"class":66},[52,100023,100024,100026,100028,100030],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100025,149],{"class":148},[52,100027,152],{"class":66},[52,100029,98471],{"class":155},[52,100031,159],{"class":66},[37,100033,1743],{"id":1742},[14,100035,100036],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[487,100038,8813,100040,100042],{"id":100039},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[49,100041,343],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,100044,100045],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[42,100047,100049],{"className":44,"code":100048,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[49,100050,100051,100059],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100052,100053,100055,100057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100054,2845],{"class":58},[52,100056,63],{"class":62},[52,100058,621],{"class":66},[52,100060,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100062,149],{"class":148},[52,100064,152],{"class":66},[52,100066,734],{"class":646},[52,100068,152],{"class":66},[52,100070,263],{"class":155},[52,100072,742],{"class":66},[14,100074,100075],{},"This prints:",[42,100077,100078],{"className":44,"code":9205,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,100079,100080],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100081,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100083,771],{"class":62},[52,100085,775],{"class":774},[52,100087,186],{"class":73},[52,100089,780],{"class":77},[52,100091,177],{"class":73},[52,100093,785],{"class":62},[14,100095,340,100096,7029],{},[49,100097,695],{},[487,100099,100101],{"id":100100},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100103,100104],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[42,100106,100108],{"className":44,"code":100107,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,100109,100110,100138],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100111,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100113,4012],{"class":58},[52,100115,63],{"class":62},[52,100117,1799],{"class":66},[52,100119,1565],{"class":110},[52,100121,193],{"class":66},[52,100123,5895],{"class":110},[52,100125,193],{"class":66},[52,100127,1570],{"class":110},[52,100129,193],{"class":66},[52,100131,1570],{"class":110},[52,100133,193],{"class":66},[52,100135,2850],{"class":110},[52,100137,135],{"class":66},[52,100139,100140,100142,100144,100146],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100141,149],{"class":148},[52,100143,152],{"class":66},[52,100145,1578],{"class":155},[52,100147,159],{"class":66},[14,100149,100150],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[487,100152,100154],{"id":100153},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100156,100157],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100159,100160],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[42,100162,100164],{"className":44,"code":100163,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[49,100165,100166,100186],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100167,100168,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100169,4012],{"class":58},[52,100171,63],{"class":62},[52,100173,1799],{"class":66},[52,100175,2728],{"class":110},[52,100177,193],{"class":66},[52,100179,111],{"class":110},[52,100181,193],{"class":66},[52,100183,1929],{"class":110},[52,100185,135],{"class":66},[52,100187,100188],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100189,100190],{"class":1017},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100192,100193],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[487,100195,100197],{"id":100196},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100199,100200],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[42,100202,100204],{"className":44,"code":100203,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[49,100205,100206,100211],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100207,100208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100209,100210],{"class":1017},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[52,100212,100213],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100214,100215],{"class":1017},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100217,100218,100219,35],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[49,100220,3401],{},[487,100222,100224],{"id":100223},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100226,100227],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[42,100229,100231],{"className":44,"code":100230,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[49,100232,100233,100253,100285,100289,100303],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100234,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100236,714],{"class":58},[52,100238,63],{"class":62},[52,100240,1799],{"class":66},[52,100242,1565],{"class":110},[52,100244,193],{"class":66},[52,100246,1570],{"class":110},[52,100248,193],{"class":66},[52,100250,2850],{"class":110},[52,100252,135],{"class":66},[52,100254,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100256,705],{"class":58},[52,100258,63],{"class":62},[52,100260,1799],{"class":66},[52,100262,81],{"class":73},[52,100264,26],{"class":77},[52,100266,81],{"class":73},[52,100268,84],{"class":66},[52,100270,5895],{"class":110},[52,100272,193],{"class":66},[52,100274,87],{"class":73},[52,100276,5157],{"class":77},[52,100278,81],{"class":73},[52,100280,84],{"class":66},[52,100282,1570],{"class":110},[52,100284,135],{"class":66},[52,100286,100287],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,100288,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,100290,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,100292,149],{"class":148},[52,100294,152],{"class":66},[52,100296,734],{"class":646},[52,100298,152],{"class":66},[52,100300,755],{"class":155},[52,100302,742],{"class":66},[52,100304,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,100306,149],{"class":148},[52,100308,152],{"class":66},[52,100310,734],{"class":646},[52,100312,152],{"class":66},[52,100314,739],{"class":155},[52,100316,742],{"class":66},[37,100318,92945],{"id":92944},[14,100320,100321],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[42,100323,100325],{"className":44,"code":100324,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[49,100326,100327,100353,100357,100371,100381,100395,100402],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100328,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100330,714],{"class":58},[52,100332,63],{"class":62},[52,100334,719],{"class":646},[52,100336,2152],{"class":66},[52,100338,1565],{"class":110},[52,100340,193],{"class":66},[52,100342,1570],{"class":110},[52,100344,193],{"class":66},[52,100346,1570],{"class":110},[52,100348,193],{"class":66},[52,100350,2850],{"class":110},[52,100352,1718],{"class":66},[52,100354,100355],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100356,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,100358,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,100360,149],{"class":148},[52,100362,152],{"class":66},[52,100364,734],{"class":646},[52,100366,152],{"class":66},[52,100368,755],{"class":155},[52,100370,742],{"class":66},[52,100372,100373,100375,100377,100379],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,100374,149],{"class":148},[52,100376,152],{"class":66},[52,100378,755],{"class":155},[52,100380,159],{"class":66},[52,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,100384,149],{"class":148},[52,100386,152],{"class":66},[52,100388,2082],{"class":148},[52,100390,152],{"class":66},[52,100392,755],{"class":155},[52,100394,742],{"class":66},[52,100396,100397,100399],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100398,149],{"class":148},[52,100400,100401],{"class":66},"({})\n",[52,100403,100404,100406,100408,100410],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,100405,149],{"class":148},[52,100407,152],{"class":66},[52,100409,796],{"class":646},[52,100411,2058],{"class":66},[14,100413,100414],{},"Use these to confirm:",[227,100416,100417,100420,100423,100426],{},[230,100418,100419],{},"The object type",[230,100421,100422],{},"The actual values stored",[230,100424,100425],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[230,100427,100428,100429,2262,100431],{},"The difference between ",[49,100430,343],{},[49,100432,695],{},[37,100434,2220],{"id":2219},[487,100436,100438],{"id":100437},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100440,100441,100442,100445,100446,100448],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[49,100443,100444],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[49,100447,695],{}," with another iterable.",[487,100450,100452],{"id":100451},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100454,340,100455,100457,100458,100460],{},[49,100456,695],{},". Empty braces ",[49,100459,343],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[487,100462,100464],{"id":100463},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100466,100467],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[487,100469,100471],{"id":100470},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100473,100474],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[487,100476,100478],{"id":100477},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100480,100481],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[37,100483,2277],{"id":2276},[227,100485,100486,100490,100496,100502,100507],{},[230,100487,100488],{},[26,100489,96490],{"href":97661},[230,100491,100492],{},[26,100493,3969,100494,2292],{"href":98662},[49,100495,96370],{},[230,100497,100498],{},[26,100499,3969,100500,2292],{"href":98681},[49,100501,97476],{},[230,100503,100504],{},[26,100505,100506],{"href":99239},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[230,100508,100509],{},[26,100510,100511],{"href":98953},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100513,100514],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2315,100516,100517],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":100519},[100520,100521,100522,100523,100526,100532,100536,100537,100538,100544,100552,100553,100560],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":98925,"depth":70,"text":98926},{"id":98957,"depth":70,"text":98958,"children":100524},[100525],{"id":99026,"depth":98,"text":99027},{"id":99130,"depth":70,"text":100527,"children":100528},"Create a set with set()",[100529,100530,100531],{"id":99155,"depth":98,"text":99156},{"id":99243,"depth":98,"text":99244},{"id":99313,"depth":98,"text":99314},{"id":99398,"depth":70,"text":99399,"children":100533},[100534],{"id":99475,"depth":98,"text":100535},"Do not use {}",{"id":72427,"depth":70,"text":72428},{"id":99683,"depth":70,"text":99684},{"id":99855,"depth":70,"text":99856,"children":100539},[100540,100541,100542,100543],{"id":99859,"depth":98,"text":99860},{"id":99902,"depth":98,"text":99903},{"id":99969,"depth":98,"text":99314},{"id":100005,"depth":98,"text":100006},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":100545},[100546,100548,100549,100550,100551],{"id":100039,"depth":98,"text":100547},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100100,"depth":98,"text":100101},{"id":100153,"depth":98,"text":100154},{"id":100196,"depth":98,"text":100197},{"id":100223,"depth":98,"text":100224},{"id":92944,"depth":70,"text":92945},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":100554},[100555,100556,100557,100558,100559],{"id":100437,"depth":98,"text":100438},{"id":100451,"depth":98,"text":100452},{"id":100463,"depth":98,"text":100464},{"id":100470,"depth":98,"text":100471},{"id":100477,"depth":98,"text":100478},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98728,"description":100561},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100567,"title":100568,"body":100569,"description":103000,"extension":2357,"meta":103001,"navigation":141,"path":103002,"seo":103003,"stem":103004,"__hash__":103005},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100570,"toc":102965},[100571,100577,100583,100586,100588,100665,100667,100684,100694,100696,100701,100709,100711,100727,100731,100733,100735,100738,100759,100762,100786,100792,100794,100891,100893,100910,100920,100922,100924,100932,100934,100945,100947,101038,101040,101064,101075,101077,101079,101082,101212,101214,101287,101289,101310,101313,101315,101321,101326,101329,101456,101458,101475,101478,101480,101488,101491,101495,101503,101594,101596,101633,101638,101645,101722,101724,101740,101745,101750,101752,101761,101769,101850,101852,101881,101884,101888,101899,101902,101985,101987,102008,102014,102016,102018,102022,102026,102033,102098,102100,102120,102123,102192,102194,102210,102214,102220,102232,102240,102242,102327,102329,102358,102361,102365,102370,102372,102422,102425,102506,102508,102524,102528,102531,102606,102609,102613,102616,102693,102695,102728,102734,102738,102741,102876,102878,102892,102894,102896,102902,102905,102912,102920,102926,102929,102933,102936,102938,102940,102962],[10,100572,96362,100574,11684],{"id":100573},"python-set-difference-method",[49,100575,100576],{},"difference()",[14,100578,100579,100582],{},[49,100580,100581],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100584,100585],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[37,100587,4002],{"id":4001},[42,100589,100591],{"className":44,"code":100590,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[49,100592,100593,100617,100637,100655],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100594,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100596,2953],{"class":58},[52,100598,63],{"class":62},[52,100600,1799],{"class":66},[52,100602,1565],{"class":110},[52,100604,193],{"class":66},[52,100606,1570],{"class":110},[52,100608,193],{"class":66},[52,100610,2850],{"class":110},[52,100612,193],{"class":66},[52,100614,2856],{"class":110},[52,100616,135],{"class":66},[52,100618,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100620,2981],{"class":58},[52,100622,63],{"class":62},[52,100624,1799],{"class":66},[52,100626,2457],{"class":110},[52,100628,193],{"class":66},[52,100630,2856],{"class":110},[52,100632,193],{"class":66},[52,100634,5002],{"class":110},[52,100636,135],{"class":66},[52,100638,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,100640,2626],{"class":58},[52,100642,63],{"class":62},[52,100644,57044],{"class":58},[52,100646,35],{"class":66},[52,100648,3211],{"class":155},[52,100650,152],{"class":66},[52,100652,5157],{"class":155},[52,100654,159],{"class":66},[52,100656,100657,100659,100661,100663],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,100658,149],{"class":148},[52,100660,152],{"class":66},[52,100662,2661],{"class":155},[52,100664,159],{"class":66},[14,100666,164],{},[42,100668,100670],{"className":44,"code":100669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2}\n",[49,100671,100672],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100673,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100675,174],{"class":66},[52,100677,1565],{"class":110},[52,100679,193],{"class":66},[52,100681,1570],{"class":110},[52,100683,135],{"class":66},[14,100685,100686,100688,100689,100691,100692,35],{},[49,100687,100576],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[49,100690,26],{}," that are not in ",[49,100693,5157],{},[45069,100695],{},[37,100697,4073,100699,4076],{"id":100698},"what-difference-does",[49,100700,100576],{},[14,100702,2374,100703,100705,100706,100708],{},[49,100704,100576],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[18,100707,1006],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100710,13407],{},[227,100712,100713,100718,100721,100724],{},[230,100714,100715,100717],{},[49,100716,100576],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[230,100719,100720],{},"It creates a new set",[230,100722,100723],{},"It does not change the original set",[230,100725,100726],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100728,96486,100729,35],{},[26,100730,96490],{"href":97661},[45069,100732],{},[37,100734,2553],{"id":2552},[14,100736,100737],{},"Use this form:",[42,100739,100741],{"className":44,"code":100740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[49,100742,100743],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100744,100745,100748,100750,100752,100754,100757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100746,100747],{"class":58},"set1",[52,100749,35],{"class":66},[52,100751,3211],{"class":155},[52,100753,152],{"class":66},[52,100755,100756],{"class":155},"set2",[52,100758,159],{"class":66},[14,100760,100761],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[42,100763,100765],{"className":44,"code":100764,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[49,100766,100767],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100768,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100770,100747],{"class":58},[52,100772,35],{"class":66},[52,100774,3211],{"class":155},[52,100776,152],{"class":66},[52,100778,100756],{"class":155},[52,100780,193],{"class":66},[52,100782,100783],{"class":155}," set3",[52,100785,159],{"class":66},[14,100787,100788,100789,100791],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[18,100790,5751],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100793,511],{},[42,100795,100797],{"className":44,"code":100796,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[49,100798,100799,100827,100843,100855,100859,100881],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100800,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100802,2953],{"class":58},[52,100804,63],{"class":62},[52,100806,1799],{"class":66},[52,100808,1565],{"class":110},[52,100810,193],{"class":66},[52,100812,1570],{"class":110},[52,100814,193],{"class":66},[52,100816,2850],{"class":110},[52,100818,193],{"class":66},[52,100820,2856],{"class":110},[52,100822,193],{"class":66},[52,100824,5002],{"class":110},[52,100826,135],{"class":66},[52,100828,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100830,2981],{"class":58},[52,100832,63],{"class":62},[52,100834,1799],{"class":66},[52,100836,2451],{"class":110},[52,100838,193],{"class":66},[52,100840,2850],{"class":110},[52,100842,135],{"class":66},[52,100844,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,100846,83345],{"class":58},[52,100848,63],{"class":62},[52,100850,1799],{"class":66},[52,100852,2531],{"class":110},[52,100854,135],{"class":66},[52,100856,100857],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,100858,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,100860,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,100862,2626],{"class":58},[52,100864,63],{"class":62},[52,100866,57044],{"class":58},[52,100868,35],{"class":66},[52,100870,3211],{"class":155},[52,100872,152],{"class":66},[52,100874,5157],{"class":155},[52,100876,193],{"class":66},[52,100878,10053],{"class":155},[52,100880,159],{"class":66},[52,100882,100883,100885,100887,100889],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,100884,149],{"class":148},[52,100886,152],{"class":66},[52,100888,2661],{"class":155},[52,100890,159],{"class":66},[14,100892,164],{},[42,100894,100896],{"className":44,"code":100895,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 4}\n",[49,100897,100898],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100901,174],{"class":66},[52,100903,1565],{"class":110},[52,100905,193],{"class":66},[52,100907,2856],{"class":110},[52,100909,135],{"class":66},[14,100911,100912,100913,100915,100916,30,100918,35],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[49,100914,26],{}," and removes anything found in ",[49,100917,5157],{},[49,100919,10111],{},[45069,100921],{},[37,100923,17554],{"id":17553},[14,100925,100926,100928,100929,35],{},[49,100927,100576],{}," always returns a ",[18,100930,100931],{},"new set",[14,100933,43802],{},[227,100935,100936,100939,100942],{},[230,100937,100938],{},"The return value is a new set",[230,100940,100941],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[230,100943,100944],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100946,511],{},[42,100948,100950],{"className":44,"code":100949,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,100951,100952,100968,100988,100992,101010,101014,101024],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,100953,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100955,2953],{"class":58},[52,100957,63],{"class":62},[52,100959,1799],{"class":66},[52,100961,1565],{"class":110},[52,100963,193],{"class":66},[52,100965,1570],{"class":110},[52,100967,135],{"class":66},[52,100969,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,100971,2981],{"class":58},[52,100973,63],{"class":62},[52,100975,1799],{"class":66},[52,100977,1565],{"class":110},[52,100979,193],{"class":66},[52,100981,1570],{"class":110},[52,100983,193],{"class":66},[52,100985,2850],{"class":110},[52,100987,135],{"class":66},[52,100989,100990],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,100991,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,100993,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,100995,2626],{"class":58},[52,100997,63],{"class":62},[52,100999,57044],{"class":58},[52,101001,35],{"class":66},[52,101003,3211],{"class":155},[52,101005,152],{"class":66},[52,101007,5157],{"class":155},[52,101009,159],{"class":66},[52,101011,101012],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101013,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101015,101016,101018,101020,101022],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101017,149],{"class":148},[52,101019,152],{"class":66},[52,101021,2661],{"class":155},[52,101023,159],{"class":66},[52,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,101027,149],{"class":148},[52,101029,152],{"class":66},[52,101031,734],{"class":646},[52,101033,152],{"class":66},[52,101035,2661],{"class":155},[52,101037,742],{"class":66},[14,101039,164],{},[42,101041,101042],{"className":44,"code":99450,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,101043,101044,101050],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101045,101046,101048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101047,796],{"class":646},[52,101049,650],{"class":66},[52,101051,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060,101062],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101053,771],{"class":62},[52,101055,775],{"class":774},[52,101057,186],{"class":73},[52,101059,796],{"class":77},[52,101061,177],{"class":73},[52,101063,785],{"class":62},[14,101065,101066,101067,19100,101069,101071,101072,101074],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[49,101068,695],{},[49,101070,343],{},". In Python, ",[49,101073,343],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45069,101076],{},[37,101078,11837],{"id":11836},[14,101080,101081],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[42,101083,101085],{"className":44,"code":101084,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[49,101086,101087,101120,101153,101157,101177,101181,101191,101202],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101088,101089,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101090,101091],{"class":58},"fruits_a ",[52,101093,63],{"class":62},[52,101095,1799],{"class":66},[52,101097,81],{"class":73},[52,101099,4474],{"class":77},[52,101101,81],{"class":73},[52,101103,193],{"class":66},[52,101105,87],{"class":73},[52,101107,4483],{"class":77},[52,101109,81],{"class":73},[52,101111,193],{"class":66},[52,101113,87],{"class":73},[52,101115,33364],{"class":77},[52,101117,81],{"class":73},[52,101119,135],{"class":66},[52,101121,101122,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101123,101124],{"class":58},"fruits_b ",[52,101126,63],{"class":62},[52,101128,1799],{"class":66},[52,101130,81],{"class":73},[52,101132,4483],{"class":77},[52,101134,81],{"class":73},[52,101136,193],{"class":66},[52,101138,87],{"class":73},[52,101140,33364],{"class":77},[52,101142,81],{"class":73},[52,101144,193],{"class":66},[52,101146,87],{"class":73},[52,101148,22671],{"class":77},[52,101150,81],{"class":73},[52,101152,135],{"class":66},[52,101154,101155],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101156,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101158,101159,101161,101163,101166,101168,101170,101172,101175],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,101160,2626],{"class":58},[52,101162,63],{"class":62},[52,101164,101165],{"class":58}," fruits_a",[52,101167,35],{"class":66},[52,101169,3211],{"class":155},[52,101171,152],{"class":66},[52,101173,101174],{"class":155},"fruits_b",[52,101176,159],{"class":66},[52,101178,101179],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101180,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101184,149],{"class":148},[52,101186,152],{"class":66},[52,101188,2661],{"class":155},[52,101190,159],{"class":66},[52,101192,101193,101195,101197,101200],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,101194,149],{"class":148},[52,101196,152],{"class":66},[52,101198,101199],{"class":155},"fruits_a",[52,101201,159],{"class":66},[52,101203,101204,101206,101208,101210],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,101205,149],{"class":148},[52,101207,152],{"class":66},[52,101209,101174],{"class":155},[52,101211,159],{"class":66},[14,101213,30171],{},[42,101215,101217],{"className":44,"code":101216,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[49,101218,101219,101231,101259],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101220,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101222,174],{"class":66},[52,101224,177],{"class":73},[52,101226,4474],{"class":77},[52,101228,177],{"class":73},[52,101230,135],{"class":66},[52,101232,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101234,174],{"class":66},[52,101236,177],{"class":73},[52,101238,4483],{"class":77},[52,101240,177],{"class":73},[52,101242,193],{"class":66},[52,101244,186],{"class":73},[52,101246,33364],{"class":77},[52,101248,177],{"class":73},[52,101250,193],{"class":66},[52,101252,186],{"class":73},[52,101254,4474],{"class":77},[52,101256,177],{"class":73},[52,101258,135],{"class":66},[52,101260,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101262,174],{"class":66},[52,101264,177],{"class":73},[52,101266,4483],{"class":77},[52,101268,177],{"class":73},[52,101270,193],{"class":66},[52,101272,186],{"class":73},[52,101274,33364],{"class":77},[52,101276,177],{"class":73},[52,101278,193],{"class":66},[52,101280,186],{"class":73},[52,101282,22671],{"class":77},[52,101284,177],{"class":73},[52,101286,135],{"class":66},[14,101288,12041],{},[227,101290,101291,101296,101301,101307],{},[230,101292,101293,101294],{},"Start with ",[49,101295,101199],{},[230,101297,101298,101299],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[49,101300,101174],{},[230,101302,101303,101304,101306],{},"Only ",[49,101305,57990],{}," remains",[230,101308,101309],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101311,101312],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45069,101314],{},[37,101316,8813,101318,101320],{"id":101317},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[49,101319,100576],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101322,101323,101324,35],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[49,101325,100576],{},[14,101327,101328],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[42,101330,101332],{"className":44,"code":101331,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[49,101333,101334,101366,101383,101396,101413,101417,101446],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101335,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101337,4012],{"class":58},[52,101339,63],{"class":62},[52,101341,1799],{"class":66},[52,101343,1565],{"class":110},[52,101345,193],{"class":66},[52,101347,1570],{"class":110},[52,101349,193],{"class":66},[52,101351,2850],{"class":110},[52,101353,193],{"class":66},[52,101355,2856],{"class":110},[52,101357,193],{"class":66},[52,101359,5002],{"class":110},[52,101361,193],{"class":66},[52,101363,37792],{"class":110},[52,101365,135],{"class":66},[52,101367,101368,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101369,101370],{"class":58},"group_a ",[52,101372,63],{"class":62},[52,101374,1799],{"class":66},[52,101376,2451],{"class":110},[52,101378,193],{"class":66},[52,101380,2856],{"class":110},[52,101382,135],{"class":66},[52,101384,101385,101388,101390,101392,101394],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101386,101387],{"class":58},"group_b ",[52,101389,63],{"class":62},[52,101391,1799],{"class":66},[52,101393,2531],{"class":110},[52,101395,135],{"class":66},[52,101397,101398,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,101399,101400],{"class":58},"group_c ",[52,101402,63],{"class":62},[52,101404,1799],{"class":66},[52,101406,80753],{"class":110},[52,101408,193],{"class":66},[52,101410,6392],{"class":110},[52,101412,135],{"class":66},[52,101414,101415],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101416,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101418,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101434,101436,101439,101441,101444],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101420,2626],{"class":58},[52,101422,63],{"class":62},[52,101424,4659],{"class":58},[52,101426,35],{"class":66},[52,101428,3211],{"class":155},[52,101430,152],{"class":66},[52,101432,101433],{"class":155},"group_a",[52,101435,193],{"class":66},[52,101437,101438],{"class":155}," group_b",[52,101440,193],{"class":66},[52,101442,101443],{"class":155}," group_c",[52,101445,159],{"class":66},[52,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,101449,149],{"class":148},[52,101451,152],{"class":66},[52,101453,2661],{"class":155},[52,101455,159],{"class":66},[14,101457,164],{},[42,101459,101461],{"className":44,"code":101460,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 3}\n",[49,101462,101463],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101466,174],{"class":66},[52,101468,1565],{"class":110},[52,101470,193],{"class":66},[52,101472,2850],{"class":110},[52,101474,135],{"class":66},[14,101476,101477],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45069,101479],{},[37,101481,101483,10954,101485],{"id":101482},"difference-vs-difference_update",[49,101484,100576],{},[49,101486,101487],{},"difference_update()",[14,101489,101490],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[487,101492,101493],{"id":3211},[49,101494,100576],{},[227,101496,101497,101500],{},[230,101498,101499],{},"Returns a new set",[230,101501,101502],{},"Does not change the original set",[42,101504,101506],{"className":44,"code":101505,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[49,101507,101508,101532,101548,101552,101570,101574,101584],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101509,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101511,2953],{"class":58},[52,101513,63],{"class":62},[52,101515,1799],{"class":66},[52,101517,1565],{"class":110},[52,101519,193],{"class":66},[52,101521,1570],{"class":110},[52,101523,193],{"class":66},[52,101525,2850],{"class":110},[52,101527,193],{"class":66},[52,101529,2856],{"class":110},[52,101531,135],{"class":66},[52,101533,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101535,2981],{"class":58},[52,101537,63],{"class":62},[52,101539,1799],{"class":66},[52,101541,2457],{"class":110},[52,101543,193],{"class":66},[52,101545,2856],{"class":110},[52,101547,135],{"class":66},[52,101549,101550],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101551,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101553,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,101555,2626],{"class":58},[52,101557,63],{"class":62},[52,101559,57044],{"class":58},[52,101561,35],{"class":66},[52,101563,3211],{"class":155},[52,101565,152],{"class":66},[52,101567,5157],{"class":155},[52,101569,159],{"class":66},[52,101571,101572],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101573,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101577,149],{"class":148},[52,101579,152],{"class":66},[52,101581,2661],{"class":155},[52,101583,159],{"class":66},[52,101585,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,101587,149],{"class":148},[52,101589,152],{"class":66},[52,101591,26],{"class":155},[52,101593,159],{"class":66},[14,101595,164],{},[42,101597,101599],{"className":44,"code":101598,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,101600,101601,101613],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101602,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101604,174],{"class":66},[52,101606,1565],{"class":110},[52,101608,193],{"class":66},[52,101610,1570],{"class":110},[52,101612,135],{"class":66},[52,101614,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101616,174],{"class":66},[52,101618,1565],{"class":110},[52,101620,193],{"class":66},[52,101622,1570],{"class":110},[52,101624,193],{"class":66},[52,101626,2850],{"class":110},[52,101628,193],{"class":66},[52,101630,2856],{"class":110},[52,101632,135],{"class":66},[487,101634,101636],{"id":101635},"difference_update",[49,101637,101487],{},[227,101639,101640,101643],{},[230,101641,101642],{},"Changes the original set",[230,101644,96480],{},[42,101646,101648],{"className":44,"code":101647,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[49,101649,101650,101674,101690,101694,101708,101712],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101651,101652,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101653,2953],{"class":58},[52,101655,63],{"class":62},[52,101657,1799],{"class":66},[52,101659,1565],{"class":110},[52,101661,193],{"class":66},[52,101663,1570],{"class":110},[52,101665,193],{"class":66},[52,101667,2850],{"class":110},[52,101669,193],{"class":66},[52,101671,2856],{"class":110},[52,101673,135],{"class":66},[52,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101677,2981],{"class":58},[52,101679,63],{"class":62},[52,101681,1799],{"class":66},[52,101683,2457],{"class":110},[52,101685,193],{"class":66},[52,101687,2856],{"class":110},[52,101689,135],{"class":66},[52,101691,101692],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101693,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101695,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,101697,26],{"class":58},[52,101699,35],{"class":66},[52,101701,101635],{"class":155},[52,101703,152],{"class":66},[52,101705,5157],{"class":155},[52,101707,159],{"class":66},[52,101709,101710],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101711,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101713,101714,101716,101718,101720],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,101715,149],{"class":148},[52,101717,152],{"class":66},[52,101719,26],{"class":155},[52,101721,159],{"class":66},[14,101723,164],{},[42,101725,101726],{"className":44,"code":100669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,101727,101728],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101729,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101731,174],{"class":66},[52,101733,1565],{"class":110},[52,101735,193],{"class":66},[52,101737,1570],{"class":110},[52,101739,135],{"class":66},[14,101741,340,101742,101744],{},[49,101743,100576],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101746,101747,101748,33744],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[49,101749,101487],{},[45069,101751],{},[37,101753,101755,101757,101758,101760],{"id":101754},"difference-vs-the-operator",[49,101756,100576],{}," vs the ",[49,101759,2416],{}," operator",[14,101762,2374,101763,101765,101766,101768],{},[49,101764,2416],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[49,101767,100576],{}," for two sets.",[42,101770,101772],{"className":44,"code":101771,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[49,101773,101774,101798,101814,101818,101836],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101777,2953],{"class":58},[52,101779,63],{"class":62},[52,101781,1799],{"class":66},[52,101783,1565],{"class":110},[52,101785,193],{"class":66},[52,101787,1570],{"class":110},[52,101789,193],{"class":66},[52,101791,2850],{"class":110},[52,101793,193],{"class":66},[52,101795,2856],{"class":110},[52,101797,135],{"class":66},[52,101799,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101801,2981],{"class":58},[52,101803,63],{"class":62},[52,101805,1799],{"class":66},[52,101807,2457],{"class":110},[52,101809,193],{"class":66},[52,101811,2856],{"class":110},[52,101813,135],{"class":66},[52,101815,101816],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101817,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101819,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,101821,149],{"class":148},[52,101823,152],{"class":66},[52,101825,26],{"class":155},[52,101827,35],{"class":66},[52,101829,3211],{"class":155},[52,101831,152],{"class":66},[52,101833,5157],{"class":155},[52,101835,742],{"class":66},[52,101837,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101839,149],{"class":148},[52,101841,152],{"class":66},[52,101843,2953],{"class":155},[52,101845,2416],{"class":62},[52,101847,2958],{"class":155},[52,101849,159],{"class":66},[14,101851,164],{},[42,101853,101855],{"className":44,"code":101854,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[49,101856,101857,101869],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101858,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101860,174],{"class":66},[52,101862,1565],{"class":110},[52,101864,193],{"class":66},[52,101866,1570],{"class":110},[52,101868,135],{"class":66},[52,101870,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101872,174],{"class":66},[52,101874,1565],{"class":110},[52,101876,193],{"class":66},[52,101878,1570],{"class":110},[52,101880,135],{"class":66},[14,101882,101883],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101885,94750,101886,2265],{},[49,101887,100576],{},[227,101889,101890,101893,101896],{},[230,101891,101892],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[230,101894,101895],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[230,101897,101898],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101900,101901],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[42,101903,101905],{"className":44,"code":101904,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[49,101906,101907,101935,101947,101959,101963],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101908,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101910,2953],{"class":58},[52,101912,63],{"class":62},[52,101914,1799],{"class":66},[52,101916,1565],{"class":110},[52,101918,193],{"class":66},[52,101920,1570],{"class":110},[52,101922,193],{"class":66},[52,101924,2850],{"class":110},[52,101926,193],{"class":66},[52,101928,2856],{"class":110},[52,101930,193],{"class":66},[52,101932,5002],{"class":110},[52,101934,135],{"class":66},[52,101936,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,101938,2981],{"class":58},[52,101940,63],{"class":62},[52,101942,1799],{"class":66},[52,101944,2451],{"class":110},[52,101946,135],{"class":66},[52,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,101950,83345],{"class":58},[52,101952,63],{"class":62},[52,101954,1799],{"class":66},[52,101956,2903],{"class":110},[52,101958,135],{"class":66},[52,101960,101961],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,101962,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,101964,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,101966,149],{"class":148},[52,101968,152],{"class":66},[52,101970,26],{"class":155},[52,101972,35],{"class":66},[52,101974,3211],{"class":155},[52,101976,152],{"class":66},[52,101978,5157],{"class":155},[52,101980,193],{"class":66},[52,101982,10053],{"class":155},[52,101984,742],{"class":66},[14,101986,164],{},[42,101988,101990],{"className":44,"code":101989,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[49,101991,101992],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,101993,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101995,174],{"class":66},[52,101997,1565],{"class":110},[52,101999,193],{"class":66},[52,102001,2850],{"class":110},[52,102003,193],{"class":66},[52,102005,5002],{"class":110},[52,102007,135],{"class":66},[14,102009,102010,102011,102013],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[49,102012,2416],{}," operator expression.",[45069,102015],{},[37,102017,4915],{"id":4914},[14,102019,21349,102020,35],{},[49,102021,100576],{},[487,102023,102025],{"id":102024},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,102027,1003,102028,102030,102031,84],{},[18,102029,1006],{}," change ",[49,102032,26],{},[42,102034,102036],{"className":44,"code":102035,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[49,102037,102038,102058,102070,102074,102088],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102041,2953],{"class":58},[52,102043,63],{"class":62},[52,102045,1799],{"class":66},[52,102047,1565],{"class":110},[52,102049,193],{"class":66},[52,102051,1570],{"class":110},[52,102053,193],{"class":66},[52,102055,2850],{"class":110},[52,102057,135],{"class":66},[52,102059,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102061,2981],{"class":58},[52,102063,63],{"class":62},[52,102065,1799],{"class":66},[52,102067,2457],{"class":110},[52,102069,135],{"class":66},[52,102071,102072],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102073,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102075,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102077,26],{"class":58},[52,102079,35],{"class":66},[52,102081,3211],{"class":155},[52,102083,152],{"class":66},[52,102085,5157],{"class":155},[52,102087,159],{"class":66},[52,102089,102090,102092,102094,102096],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,102091,149],{"class":148},[52,102093,152],{"class":66},[52,102095,26],{"class":155},[52,102097,159],{"class":66},[14,102099,164],{},[42,102101,102102],{"className":44,"code":96769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,102103,102104],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102107,174],{"class":66},[52,102109,1565],{"class":110},[52,102111,193],{"class":66},[52,102113,1570],{"class":110},[52,102115,193],{"class":66},[52,102117,2850],{"class":110},[52,102119,135],{"class":66},[14,102121,102122],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[42,102124,102126],{"className":44,"code":102125,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[49,102127,102128,102148,102160,102164,102182],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102129,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102131,2953],{"class":58},[52,102133,63],{"class":62},[52,102135,1799],{"class":66},[52,102137,1565],{"class":110},[52,102139,193],{"class":66},[52,102141,1570],{"class":110},[52,102143,193],{"class":66},[52,102145,2850],{"class":110},[52,102147,135],{"class":66},[52,102149,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102151,2981],{"class":58},[52,102153,63],{"class":62},[52,102155,1799],{"class":66},[52,102157,2457],{"class":110},[52,102159,135],{"class":66},[52,102161,102162],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102163,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102165,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102167,2953],{"class":58},[52,102169,63],{"class":62},[52,102171,57044],{"class":58},[52,102173,35],{"class":66},[52,102175,3211],{"class":155},[52,102177,152],{"class":66},[52,102179,5157],{"class":155},[52,102181,159],{"class":66},[52,102183,102184,102186,102188,102190],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,102185,149],{"class":148},[52,102187,152],{"class":66},[52,102189,26],{"class":155},[52,102191,159],{"class":66},[14,102193,164],{},[42,102195,102196],{"className":44,"code":100669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,102197,102198],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102199,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102201,174],{"class":66},[52,102203,1565],{"class":110},[52,102205,193],{"class":66},[52,102207,1570],{"class":110},[52,102209,135],{"class":66},[487,102211,102213],{"id":102212},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102215,102216,102219],{},[49,102217,102218],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[227,102221,102222,102227],{},[230,102223,102224,102225],{},"keep items from ",[49,102226,26],{},[230,102228,102229,102230],{},"remove anything also in ",[49,102231,5157],{},[14,102233,41056,102234,102236,102237,102239],{},[18,102235,1006],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[49,102238,5157],{},"”.",[14,102241,511],{},[42,102243,102245],{"className":44,"code":102244,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[49,102246,102247,102267,102287,102291,102309],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102250,2953],{"class":58},[52,102252,63],{"class":62},[52,102254,1799],{"class":66},[52,102256,1565],{"class":110},[52,102258,193],{"class":66},[52,102260,1570],{"class":110},[52,102262,193],{"class":66},[52,102264,2850],{"class":110},[52,102266,135],{"class":66},[52,102268,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102270,2981],{"class":58},[52,102272,63],{"class":62},[52,102274,1799],{"class":66},[52,102276,2457],{"class":110},[52,102278,193],{"class":66},[52,102280,2856],{"class":110},[52,102282,193],{"class":66},[52,102284,5002],{"class":110},[52,102286,135],{"class":66},[52,102288,102289],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102290,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102292,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102294,149],{"class":148},[52,102296,152],{"class":66},[52,102298,26],{"class":155},[52,102300,35],{"class":66},[52,102302,3211],{"class":155},[52,102304,152],{"class":66},[52,102306,5157],{"class":155},[52,102308,742],{"class":66},[52,102310,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,102312,149],{"class":148},[52,102314,152],{"class":66},[52,102316,5157],{"class":155},[52,102318,35],{"class":66},[52,102320,3211],{"class":155},[52,102322,152],{"class":66},[52,102324,26],{"class":155},[52,102326,742],{"class":66},[14,102328,164],{},[42,102330,102332],{"className":44,"code":102331,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[49,102333,102334,102346],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102335,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102337,174],{"class":66},[52,102339,1565],{"class":110},[52,102341,193],{"class":66},[52,102343,1570],{"class":110},[52,102345,135],{"class":66},[52,102347,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102349,174],{"class":66},[52,102351,2903],{"class":110},[52,102353,193],{"class":66},[52,102355,5002],{"class":110},[52,102357,135],{"class":66},[14,102359,102360],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[487,102362,102364],{"id":102363},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102366,102367,102369],{},[49,102368,100576],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102371,55475],{},[42,102373,102375],{"className":44,"code":102374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[49,102376,102377,102397,102413,102417],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102380,2953],{"class":58},[52,102382,63],{"class":62},[52,102384,4017],{"class":66},[52,102386,1565],{"class":110},[52,102388,193],{"class":66},[52,102390,1570],{"class":110},[52,102392,193],{"class":66},[52,102394,2850],{"class":110},[52,102396,4030],{"class":66},[52,102398,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102400,2981],{"class":58},[52,102402,63],{"class":62},[52,102404,4017],{"class":66},[52,102406,2457],{"class":110},[52,102408,193],{"class":66},[52,102410,2856],{"class":110},[52,102412,4030],{"class":66},[52,102414,102415],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102416,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102418,102419],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102420,102421],{"class":1017},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102423,102424],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[42,102426,102428],{"className":44,"code":102427,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[49,102429,102430,102450,102466,102470,102496],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102431,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102433,2953],{"class":58},[52,102435,63],{"class":62},[52,102437,4017],{"class":66},[52,102439,1565],{"class":110},[52,102441,193],{"class":66},[52,102443,1570],{"class":110},[52,102445,193],{"class":66},[52,102447,2850],{"class":110},[52,102449,4030],{"class":66},[52,102451,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102453,2981],{"class":58},[52,102455,63],{"class":62},[52,102457,4017],{"class":66},[52,102459,2457],{"class":110},[52,102461,193],{"class":66},[52,102463,2856],{"class":110},[52,102465,4030],{"class":66},[52,102467,102468],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102469,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102471,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102473,2626],{"class":58},[52,102475,63],{"class":62},[52,102477,719],{"class":646},[52,102479,152],{"class":66},[52,102481,26],{"class":155},[52,102483,9028],{"class":66},[52,102485,3211],{"class":155},[52,102487,152],{"class":66},[52,102489,796],{"class":646},[52,102491,152],{"class":66},[52,102493,5157],{"class":155},[52,102495,742],{"class":66},[52,102497,102498,102500,102502,102504],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,102499,149],{"class":148},[52,102501,152],{"class":66},[52,102503,2661],{"class":155},[52,102505,159],{"class":66},[14,102507,164],{},[42,102509,102510],{"className":44,"code":100669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,102511,102512],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102513,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102515,174],{"class":66},[52,102517,1565],{"class":110},[52,102519,193],{"class":66},[52,102521,1570],{"class":110},[52,102523,135],{"class":66},[487,102525,102527],{"id":102526},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102529,102530],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[42,102532,102534],{"className":44,"code":102533,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[49,102535,102536,102568,102584,102588],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102537,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102539,2953],{"class":58},[52,102541,63],{"class":62},[52,102543,1799],{"class":66},[52,102545,81],{"class":73},[52,102547,37195],{"class":77},[52,102549,81],{"class":73},[52,102551,193],{"class":66},[52,102553,87],{"class":73},[52,102555,58284],{"class":77},[52,102557,81],{"class":73},[52,102559,193],{"class":66},[52,102561,87],{"class":73},[52,102563,58301],{"class":77},[52,102565,81],{"class":73},[52,102567,135],{"class":66},[52,102569,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102571,2981],{"class":58},[52,102573,63],{"class":62},[52,102575,1799],{"class":66},[52,102577,81],{"class":73},[52,102579,58284],{"class":77},[52,102581,81],{"class":73},[52,102583,135],{"class":66},[52,102585,102586],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102587,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102589,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102591,149],{"class":148},[52,102593,152],{"class":66},[52,102595,26],{"class":155},[52,102597,35],{"class":66},[52,102599,3211],{"class":155},[52,102601,152],{"class":66},[52,102603,5157],{"class":155},[52,102605,742],{"class":66},[14,102607,102608],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[487,102610,102612],{"id":102611},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102614,102615],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[42,102617,102619],{"className":44,"code":102618,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[49,102620,102621,102649,102661,102665,102675],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102622,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102624,2953],{"class":58},[52,102626,63],{"class":62},[52,102628,1799],{"class":66},[52,102630,1565],{"class":110},[52,102632,193],{"class":66},[52,102634,5895],{"class":110},[52,102636,193],{"class":66},[52,102638,1570],{"class":110},[52,102640,193],{"class":66},[52,102642,1570],{"class":110},[52,102644,193],{"class":66},[52,102646,2850],{"class":110},[52,102648,135],{"class":66},[52,102650,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102652,2981],{"class":58},[52,102654,63],{"class":62},[52,102656,1799],{"class":66},[52,102658,2457],{"class":110},[52,102660,135],{"class":66},[52,102662,102663],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102664,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102666,102667,102669,102671,102673],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102668,149],{"class":148},[52,102670,152],{"class":66},[52,102672,26],{"class":155},[52,102674,159],{"class":66},[52,102676,102677,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,102678,149],{"class":148},[52,102680,152],{"class":66},[52,102682,26],{"class":155},[52,102684,35],{"class":66},[52,102686,3211],{"class":155},[52,102688,152],{"class":66},[52,102690,5157],{"class":155},[52,102692,742],{"class":66},[14,102694,164],{},[42,102696,102698],{"className":44,"code":102697,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[49,102699,102700,102716],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102701,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102703,174],{"class":66},[52,102705,1565],{"class":110},[52,102707,193],{"class":66},[52,102709,1570],{"class":110},[52,102711,193],{"class":66},[52,102713,2850],{"class":110},[52,102715,135],{"class":66},[52,102717,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102719,174],{"class":66},[52,102721,1565],{"class":110},[52,102723,193],{"class":66},[52,102725,1570],{"class":110},[52,102727,135],{"class":66},[14,102729,102730,102731,102733],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[49,102732,100576],{}," runs.",[487,102735,102737],{"id":102736},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102739,102740],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[42,102742,102744],{"className":44,"code":102743,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[49,102745,102746,102770,102790,102794,102804,102814,102832,102854],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,102747,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102749,2953],{"class":58},[52,102751,63],{"class":62},[52,102753,1799],{"class":66},[52,102755,1565],{"class":110},[52,102757,193],{"class":66},[52,102759,1570],{"class":110},[52,102761,193],{"class":66},[52,102763,2850],{"class":110},[52,102765,193],{"class":66},[52,102767,2856],{"class":110},[52,102769,135],{"class":66},[52,102771,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,102773,2981],{"class":58},[52,102775,63],{"class":62},[52,102777,1799],{"class":66},[52,102779,2457],{"class":110},[52,102781,193],{"class":66},[52,102783,2856],{"class":110},[52,102785,193],{"class":66},[52,102787,5002],{"class":110},[52,102789,135],{"class":66},[52,102791,102792],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,102793,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,102795,102796,102798,102800,102802],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,102797,149],{"class":148},[52,102799,152],{"class":66},[52,102801,26],{"class":155},[52,102803,159],{"class":66},[52,102805,102806,102808,102810,102812],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,102807,149],{"class":148},[52,102809,152],{"class":66},[52,102811,5157],{"class":155},[52,102813,159],{"class":66},[52,102815,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,102817,149],{"class":148},[52,102819,152],{"class":66},[52,102821,26],{"class":155},[52,102823,35],{"class":66},[52,102825,3211],{"class":155},[52,102827,152],{"class":66},[52,102829,5157],{"class":155},[52,102831,742],{"class":66},[52,102833,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,102835,149],{"class":148},[52,102837,152],{"class":66},[52,102839,734],{"class":646},[52,102841,152],{"class":66},[52,102843,26],{"class":155},[52,102845,35],{"class":66},[52,102847,3211],{"class":155},[52,102849,152],{"class":66},[52,102851,5157],{"class":155},[52,102853,1291],{"class":66},[52,102855,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,102857,149],{"class":148},[52,102859,152],{"class":66},[52,102861,2082],{"class":148},[52,102863,152],{"class":66},[52,102865,26],{"class":155},[52,102867,35],{"class":66},[52,102869,3211],{"class":155},[52,102871,152],{"class":66},[52,102873,5157],{"class":155},[52,102875,1291],{"class":66},[14,102877,11534],{},[227,102879,102880,102883,102886,102889],{},[230,102881,102882],{},"what is in each set",[230,102884,102885],{},"what result Python creates",[230,102887,102888],{},"that the result is a set",[230,102890,102891],{},"how many items remain",[45069,102893],{},[37,102895,2220],{"id":2219},[487,102897,13061,102899,102901],{"id":102898},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[49,102900,100576],{}," change the original set?",[14,102903,102904],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[487,102906,2259,102908,2262,102910,2265],{"id":102907},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[49,102909,100576],{},[49,102911,101487],{},[14,102913,102914,102916,102917,102919],{},[49,102915,100576],{}," returns a new set. ",[49,102918,101487],{}," modifies the original set.",[487,102921,28469,102923,102925],{"id":102922},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[49,102924,100576],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102927,102928],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[487,102930,102932],{"id":102931},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102934,102935],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45069,102937],{},[37,102939,2277],{"id":2276},[227,102941,102942,102946,102954],{},[230,102943,102944],{},[26,102945,96490],{"href":97661},[230,102947,102948],{},[26,102949,96976,102951,2292],{"href":102950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[49,102952,102953],{},"intersection()",[230,102955,102956],{},[26,102957,96976,102959,2292],{"href":102958},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[49,102960,102961],{},"union()",[2315,102963,102964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":102966},[102967,102968,102970,102971,102972,102973,102975,102980,102982,102990,102999],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":100698,"depth":70,"text":102969},"What difference() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":101317,"depth":70,"text":102974},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101482,"depth":70,"text":102976,"children":102977},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102978,102979],{"id":3211,"depth":98,"text":100576},{"id":101635,"depth":98,"text":101487},{"id":101754,"depth":70,"text":102981},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":102983},[102984,102985,102986,102987,102988,102989],{"id":102024,"depth":98,"text":102025},{"id":102212,"depth":98,"text":102213},{"id":102363,"depth":98,"text":102364},{"id":102526,"depth":98,"text":102527},{"id":102611,"depth":98,"text":102612},{"id":102736,"depth":98,"text":102737},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":102991},[102992,102994,102996,102998],{"id":102898,"depth":98,"text":102993},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102907,"depth":98,"text":102995},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102922,"depth":98,"text":102997},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102931,"depth":98,"text":102932},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100568,"description":103000},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103007,"title":103008,"body":103009,"description":104704,"extension":2357,"meta":104705,"navigation":141,"path":104706,"seo":104707,"stem":104708,"__hash__":104709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103010,"toc":104666},[103011,103017,103023,103036,103038,103139,103141,103186,103191,103196,103200,103214,103217,103225,103227,103246,103264,103268,103321,103323,103344,103351,103356,103383,103390,103489,103491,103528,103536,103540,103546,103549,103622,103624,103632,103637,103706,103708,103733,103735,103738,103841,103843,103904,103907,103911,103917,103990,103992,104025,104028,104031,104071,104077,104100,104105,104109,104120,104123,104125,104129,104135,104137,104194,104204,104206,104259,104266,104271,104339,104347,104353,104357,104359,104398,104403,104452,104456,104459,104461,104500,104503,104505,104510,104567,104569,104583,104585,104589,104595,104600,104605,104612,104623,104629,104634,104636,104663],[10,103012,96362,103014,11684],{"id":103013},"python-set-discard-method",[49,103015,103016],{},"discard()",[14,103018,103019,103022],{},[49,103020,103021],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,103024,103025,103026,2203,103031,14408,103033,103035],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[26,103027,103028],{"href":98371},[49,103029,103030],{},"set.remove()",[49,103032,103016],{},[18,103034,1006],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[37,103037,40],{"id":39},[42,103039,103041],{"className":44,"code":103040,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[49,103042,103043,103075,103094,103104,103108,103129],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103044,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103046,13431],{"class":58},[52,103048,63],{"class":62},[52,103050,1799],{"class":66},[52,103052,81],{"class":73},[52,103054,13448],{"class":77},[52,103056,81],{"class":73},[52,103058,193],{"class":66},[52,103060,87],{"class":73},[52,103062,13465],{"class":77},[52,103064,81],{"class":73},[52,103066,193],{"class":66},[52,103068,87],{"class":73},[52,103070,17591],{"class":77},[52,103072,81],{"class":73},[52,103074,135],{"class":66},[52,103076,103077,103079,103081,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103078,17638],{"class":58},[52,103080,35],{"class":66},[52,103082,103083],{"class":155},"discard",[52,103085,152],{"class":66},[52,103087,81],{"class":73},[52,103089,13465],{"class":77},[52,103091,81],{"class":73},[52,103093,159],{"class":66},[52,103095,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103097,149],{"class":148},[52,103099,152],{"class":66},[52,103101,17638],{"class":155},[52,103103,159],{"class":66},[52,103105,103106],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,103107,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103109,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,103111,17638],{"class":58},[52,103113,35],{"class":66},[52,103115,103083],{"class":155},[52,103117,152],{"class":66},[52,103119,81],{"class":73},[52,103121,22662],{"class":77},[52,103123,81],{"class":73},[52,103125,4056],{"class":66},[52,103127,103128],{"class":1017},"  # no error if missing\n",[52,103130,103131,103133,103135,103137],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103132,149],{"class":148},[52,103134,152],{"class":66},[52,103136,17638],{"class":155},[52,103138,159],{"class":66},[14,103140,30171],{},[42,103142,103144],{"className":44,"code":103143,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[49,103145,103146,103166],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103147,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103149,174],{"class":66},[52,103151,177],{"class":73},[52,103153,13448],{"class":77},[52,103155,177],{"class":73},[52,103157,193],{"class":66},[52,103159,186],{"class":73},[52,103161,17591],{"class":77},[52,103163,177],{"class":73},[52,103165,135],{"class":66},[52,103167,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103169,174],{"class":66},[52,103171,177],{"class":73},[52,103173,13448],{"class":77},[52,103175,177],{"class":73},[52,103177,193],{"class":66},[52,103179,186],{"class":73},[52,103181,17591],{"class":77},[52,103183,177],{"class":73},[52,103185,135],{"class":66},[14,103187,340,103188,103190],{},[49,103189,103016],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[37,103192,4073,103194,4076],{"id":103193},"what-setdiscard-does",[49,103195,103021],{},[14,103197,103198,84],{},[49,103199,103016],{},[227,103201,103202,103205,103208,103210],{},[230,103203,103204],{},"Removes one item from a set",[230,103206,103207],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[230,103209,96477],{},[230,103211,11786,103212],{},[49,103213,4175],{},[14,103215,103216],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103218,96486,103219,30,103222,35],{},[26,103220,103221],{"href":98953},"what a set is in Python",[26,103223,103224],{"href":98045},"how to create a set",[37,103226,2553],{"id":2552},[42,103228,103230],{"className":44,"code":103229,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[49,103231,103232],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103233,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103235,755],{"class":58},[52,103237,35],{"class":66},[52,103239,103083],{"class":155},[52,103241,152],{"class":66},[52,103243,263],{"class":155},[52,103245,159],{"class":66},[227,103247,103248,103253,103258,103261],{},[230,103249,103250,103252],{},[49,103251,755],{}," is the set you want to change",[230,103254,103255,103257],{},[49,103256,263],{}," is the item you want to remove",[230,103259,103260],{},"The set must already exist",[230,103262,103263],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[487,103265,103267],{"id":103266},"example","Example",[42,103269,103271],{"className":44,"code":103270,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,103272,103273,103297,103311],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103274,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103276,4012],{"class":58},[52,103278,63],{"class":62},[52,103280,1799],{"class":66},[52,103282,1565],{"class":110},[52,103284,193],{"class":66},[52,103286,1570],{"class":110},[52,103288,193],{"class":66},[52,103290,2850],{"class":110},[52,103292,193],{"class":66},[52,103294,2856],{"class":110},[52,103296,135],{"class":66},[52,103298,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103300,1578],{"class":58},[52,103302,35],{"class":66},[52,103304,103083],{"class":155},[52,103306,152],{"class":66},[52,103308,2457],{"class":110},[52,103310,159],{"class":66},[52,103312,103313,103315,103317,103319],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103314,149],{"class":148},[52,103316,152],{"class":66},[52,103318,1578],{"class":155},[52,103320,159],{"class":66},[14,103322,164],{},[42,103324,103326],{"className":44,"code":103325,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[49,103327,103328],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103329,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103331,174],{"class":66},[52,103333,1565],{"class":110},[52,103335,193],{"class":66},[52,103337,1570],{"class":110},[52,103339,193],{"class":66},[52,103341,2856],{"class":110},[52,103343,135],{"class":66},[37,103345,103347,103348,103350],{"id":103346},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[49,103349,103016],{}," different",[14,103352,103353,103355],{},[49,103354,103016],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[227,103357,103358,103371,103380],{},[230,103359,103360,103361,2203,103365,103367,103368,103370],{},"Unlike ",[26,103362,103363],{"href":98371},[49,103364,55685],{},[49,103366,103016],{}," does not raise ",[49,103369,19824],{}," when the item is missing",[230,103372,103360,103373,2203,103377,103379],{},[26,103374,103375],{"href":98376},[49,103376,13120],{},[49,103378,103016],{}," removes a specific item",[230,103381,103382],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[487,103384,103386,10954,103388],{"id":103385},"discard-vs-remove",[49,103387,103016],{},[49,103389,55685],{},[42,103391,103393],{"className":44,"code":103392,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[49,103394,103395,103419,103423,103444,103454,103458,103479],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103396,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103398,8175],{"class":58},[52,103400,63],{"class":62},[52,103402,1799],{"class":66},[52,103404,81],{"class":73},[52,103406,4474],{"class":77},[52,103408,81],{"class":73},[52,103410,193],{"class":66},[52,103412,87],{"class":73},[52,103414,4483],{"class":77},[52,103416,81],{"class":73},[52,103418,135],{"class":66},[52,103420,103421],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103422,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103424,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103426,8204],{"class":58},[52,103428,35],{"class":66},[52,103430,103083],{"class":155},[52,103432,152],{"class":66},[52,103434,81],{"class":73},[52,103436,33364],{"class":77},[52,103438,81],{"class":73},[52,103440,4056],{"class":66},[52,103442,103443],{"class":1017},"   # no error\n",[52,103445,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,103447,149],{"class":148},[52,103449,152],{"class":66},[52,103451,8204],{"class":155},[52,103453,159],{"class":66},[52,103455,103456],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,103457,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103459,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103461,8204],{"class":58},[52,103463,35],{"class":66},[52,103465,34939],{"class":155},[52,103467,152],{"class":66},[52,103469,81],{"class":73},[52,103471,4483],{"class":77},[52,103473,81],{"class":73},[52,103475,4056],{"class":66},[52,103477,103478],{"class":1017},"    # removes existing item\n",[52,103480,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,103482,149],{"class":148},[52,103484,152],{"class":66},[52,103486,8204],{"class":155},[52,103488,159],{"class":66},[14,103490,164],{},[42,103492,103494],{"className":44,"code":103493,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[49,103495,103496,103516],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103497,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103499,174],{"class":66},[52,103501,177],{"class":73},[52,103503,4474],{"class":77},[52,103505,177],{"class":73},[52,103507,193],{"class":66},[52,103509,186],{"class":73},[52,103511,4483],{"class":77},[52,103513,177],{"class":73},[52,103515,135],{"class":66},[52,103517,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103519,174],{"class":66},[52,103521,177],{"class":73},[52,103523,4474],{"class":77},[52,103525,177],{"class":73},[52,103527,135],{"class":66},[14,103529,40493,103530,103532,103533,103535],{},[49,103531,55685],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[26,103534,11439],{"href":2309}," for more help with that case.",[37,103537,103539],{"id":103538},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103541,103542,2795,103544,35],{},[49,103543,103016],{},[49,103545,4175],{},[14,103547,103548],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[42,103550,103552],{"className":44,"code":103551,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,103553,103554,103586,103608,103612],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103555,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103557,13431],{"class":58},[52,103559,63],{"class":62},[52,103561,1799],{"class":66},[52,103563,81],{"class":73},[52,103565,13448],{"class":77},[52,103567,81],{"class":73},[52,103569,193],{"class":66},[52,103571,87],{"class":73},[52,103573,13465],{"class":77},[52,103575,81],{"class":73},[52,103577,193],{"class":66},[52,103579,87],{"class":73},[52,103581,17591],{"class":77},[52,103583,81],{"class":73},[52,103585,135],{"class":66},[52,103587,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103589,2626],{"class":58},[52,103591,63],{"class":62},[52,103593,13479],{"class":58},[52,103595,35],{"class":66},[52,103597,103083],{"class":155},[52,103599,152],{"class":66},[52,103601,81],{"class":73},[52,103603,13465],{"class":77},[52,103605,81],{"class":73},[52,103607,159],{"class":66},[52,103609,103610],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103611,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103613,103614,103616,103618,103620],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,103615,149],{"class":148},[52,103617,152],{"class":66},[52,103619,2661],{"class":155},[52,103621,159],{"class":66},[14,103623,164],{},[42,103625,103626],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,103627,103628],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103629,103630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103631,12165],{"class":128},[14,103633,103634,103635,84],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[49,103636,17638],{},[42,103638,103640],{"className":44,"code":103639,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[49,103641,103642,103674,103692,103696],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103643,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103645,13431],{"class":58},[52,103647,63],{"class":62},[52,103649,1799],{"class":66},[52,103651,81],{"class":73},[52,103653,13448],{"class":77},[52,103655,81],{"class":73},[52,103657,193],{"class":66},[52,103659,87],{"class":73},[52,103661,13465],{"class":77},[52,103663,81],{"class":73},[52,103665,193],{"class":66},[52,103667,87],{"class":73},[52,103669,17591],{"class":77},[52,103671,81],{"class":73},[52,103673,135],{"class":66},[52,103675,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103677,17638],{"class":58},[52,103679,35],{"class":66},[52,103681,103083],{"class":155},[52,103683,152],{"class":66},[52,103685,81],{"class":73},[52,103687,13465],{"class":77},[52,103689,81],{"class":73},[52,103691,159],{"class":66},[52,103693,103694],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103695,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103697,103698,103700,103702,103704],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,103699,149],{"class":148},[52,103701,152],{"class":66},[52,103703,17638],{"class":155},[52,103705,159],{"class":66},[14,103707,164],{},[42,103709,103711],{"className":44,"code":103710,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[49,103712,103713],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103714,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103716,174],{"class":66},[52,103718,177],{"class":73},[52,103720,13448],{"class":77},[52,103722,177],{"class":73},[52,103724,193],{"class":66},[52,103726,186],{"class":73},[52,103728,17591],{"class":77},[52,103730,177],{"class":73},[52,103732,135],{"class":66},[37,103734,11837],{"id":11836},[14,103736,103737],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[42,103739,103741],{"className":44,"code":103740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[49,103742,103743,103775,103779,103797,103801,103819,103823],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103744,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103746,36386],{"class":58},[52,103748,63],{"class":62},[52,103750,1799],{"class":66},[52,103752,81],{"class":73},[52,103754,4474],{"class":77},[52,103756,81],{"class":73},[52,103758,193],{"class":66},[52,103760,87],{"class":73},[52,103762,4483],{"class":77},[52,103764,81],{"class":73},[52,103766,193],{"class":66},[52,103768,87],{"class":73},[52,103770,33364],{"class":77},[52,103772,81],{"class":73},[52,103774,135],{"class":66},[52,103776,103777],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103778,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103782,149],{"class":148},[52,103784,152],{"class":66},[52,103786,81],{"class":73},[52,103788,11922],{"class":77},[52,103790,81],{"class":73},[52,103792,193],{"class":66},[52,103794,53007],{"class":155},[52,103796,159],{"class":66},[52,103798,103799],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,103800,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103802,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,103804,36438],{"class":58},[52,103806,35],{"class":66},[52,103808,103083],{"class":155},[52,103810,152],{"class":66},[52,103812,81],{"class":73},[52,103814,4483],{"class":77},[52,103816,81],{"class":73},[52,103818,159],{"class":66},[52,103820,103821],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,103822,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103824,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,103826,149],{"class":148},[52,103828,152],{"class":66},[52,103830,81],{"class":73},[52,103832,11961],{"class":77},[52,103834,81],{"class":73},[52,103836,193],{"class":66},[52,103838,53007],{"class":155},[52,103840,159],{"class":66},[14,103842,164],{},[42,103844,103846],{"className":44,"code":103845,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[49,103847,103848,103880],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103849,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103851,11981],{"class":58},[52,103853,84],{"class":66},[52,103855,1799],{"class":66},[52,103857,177],{"class":73},[52,103859,4483],{"class":77},[52,103861,177],{"class":73},[52,103863,193],{"class":66},[52,103865,186],{"class":73},[52,103867,4474],{"class":77},[52,103869,177],{"class":73},[52,103871,193],{"class":66},[52,103873,186],{"class":73},[52,103875,33364],{"class":77},[52,103877,177],{"class":73},[52,103879,135],{"class":66},[52,103881,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103883,12034],{"class":58},[52,103885,84],{"class":66},[52,103887,1799],{"class":66},[52,103889,177],{"class":73},[52,103891,4474],{"class":77},[52,103893,177],{"class":73},[52,103895,193],{"class":66},[52,103897,186],{"class":73},[52,103899,33364],{"class":77},[52,103901,177],{"class":73},[52,103903,135],{"class":66},[14,103905,103906],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[37,103908,103910],{"id":103909},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103912,103913,103914,103916],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[49,103915,103016],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[42,103918,103920],{"className":44,"code":103919,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[49,103921,103922,103954,103958,103976,103980],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103923,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103925,36386],{"class":58},[52,103927,63],{"class":62},[52,103929,1799],{"class":66},[52,103931,81],{"class":73},[52,103933,4474],{"class":77},[52,103935,81],{"class":73},[52,103937,193],{"class":66},[52,103939,87],{"class":73},[52,103941,4483],{"class":77},[52,103943,81],{"class":73},[52,103945,193],{"class":66},[52,103947,87],{"class":73},[52,103949,33364],{"class":77},[52,103951,81],{"class":73},[52,103953,135],{"class":66},[52,103955,103956],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,103957,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103959,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,103961,36438],{"class":58},[52,103963,35],{"class":66},[52,103965,103083],{"class":155},[52,103967,152],{"class":66},[52,103969,81],{"class":73},[52,103971,22671],{"class":77},[52,103973,81],{"class":73},[52,103975,159],{"class":66},[52,103977,103978],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,103979,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,103981,103982,103984,103986,103988],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,103983,149],{"class":148},[52,103985,152],{"class":66},[52,103987,36438],{"class":155},[52,103989,159],{"class":66},[14,103991,164],{},[42,103993,103995],{"className":44,"code":103994,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[49,103996,103997],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,103998,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104000,174],{"class":66},[52,104002,177],{"class":73},[52,104004,4483],{"class":77},[52,104006,177],{"class":73},[52,104008,193],{"class":66},[52,104010,186],{"class":73},[52,104012,4474],{"class":77},[52,104014,177],{"class":73},[52,104016,193],{"class":66},[52,104018,186],{"class":73},[52,104020,33364],{"class":77},[52,104022,177],{"class":73},[52,104024,135],{"class":66},[14,104026,104027],{},"No error happens here.",[14,104029,104030],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[42,104032,104034],{"className":44,"code":104033,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[49,104035,104036,104052],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104037,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104039,7395],{"class":4272},[52,104041,87],{"class":73},[52,104043,22671],{"class":77},[52,104045,81],{"class":73},[52,104047,21311],{"class":62},[52,104049,53007],{"class":58},[52,104051,6792],{"class":66},[52,104053,104054,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104055,104056],{"class":58},"    fruits",[52,104058,35],{"class":66},[52,104060,34939],{"class":155},[52,104062,152],{"class":66},[52,104064,81],{"class":73},[52,104066,22671],{"class":77},[52,104068,81],{"class":73},[52,104070,159],{"class":66},[14,104072,104073,104074,104076],{},"With ",[49,104075,103016],{},", you can simply write:",[42,104078,104080],{"className":44,"code":104079,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[49,104081,104082],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104083,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104085,36438],{"class":58},[52,104087,35],{"class":66},[52,104089,103083],{"class":155},[52,104091,152],{"class":66},[52,104093,81],{"class":73},[52,104095,22671],{"class":77},[52,104097,81],{"class":73},[52,104099,159],{"class":66},[37,104101,5358,104103],{"id":104102},"when-to-use-discard",[49,104104,103016],{},[14,104106,340,104107,10970],{},[49,104108,103016],{},[227,104110,104111,104114,104117],{},[230,104112,104113],{},"Missing values are normal",[230,104115,104116],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[230,104118,104119],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104121,104122],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[37,104124,1743],{"id":1742},[14,104126,8843,104127,35],{},[49,104128,103016],{},[487,104130,8849,104132,104134],{"id":104131},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[49,104133,103016],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104136,4922],{},[42,104138,104140],{"className":44,"code":104139,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,104141,104142,104162,104180,104184],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104143,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104145,4012],{"class":58},[52,104147,63],{"class":62},[52,104149,1799],{"class":66},[52,104151,1565],{"class":110},[52,104153,193],{"class":66},[52,104155,1570],{"class":110},[52,104157,193],{"class":66},[52,104159,2850],{"class":110},[52,104161,135],{"class":66},[52,104163,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104165,4012],{"class":58},[52,104167,63],{"class":62},[52,104169,4659],{"class":58},[52,104171,35],{"class":66},[52,104173,103083],{"class":155},[52,104175,152],{"class":66},[52,104177,2451],{"class":110},[52,104179,159],{"class":66},[52,104181,104182],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104183,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,104185,104186,104188,104190,104192],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,104187,149],{"class":148},[52,104189,152],{"class":66},[52,104191,1578],{"class":155},[52,104193,159],{"class":66},[14,104195,104196,42306,104198,8998,104200,2795,104202,35],{},[49,104197,1578],{},[49,104199,4175],{},[49,104201,103016],{},[49,104203,4175],{},[14,104205,18977],{},[42,104207,104209],{"className":44,"code":104208,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,104210,104211,104231,104245,104249],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104212,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104214,4012],{"class":58},[52,104216,63],{"class":62},[52,104218,1799],{"class":66},[52,104220,1565],{"class":110},[52,104222,193],{"class":66},[52,104224,1570],{"class":110},[52,104226,193],{"class":66},[52,104228,2850],{"class":110},[52,104230,135],{"class":66},[52,104232,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104234,1578],{"class":58},[52,104236,35],{"class":66},[52,104238,103083],{"class":155},[52,104240,152],{"class":66},[52,104242,2451],{"class":110},[52,104244,159],{"class":66},[52,104246,104247],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104248,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,104250,104251,104253,104255,104257],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,104252,149],{"class":148},[52,104254,152],{"class":66},[52,104256,1578],{"class":155},[52,104258,159],{"class":66},[487,104260,37352,104262,9101,104264],{"id":104261},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[49,104263,103016],{},[49,104265,55685],{},[14,104267,104268,104269,35],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[49,104270,103016],{},[42,104272,104274],{"className":44,"code":104273,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[49,104275,104276,104308,104329],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104277,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104279,36237],{"class":58},[52,104281,63],{"class":62},[52,104283,1799],{"class":66},[52,104285,81],{"class":73},[52,104287,26],{"class":77},[52,104289,81],{"class":73},[52,104291,193],{"class":66},[52,104293,87],{"class":73},[52,104295,5157],{"class":77},[52,104297,81],{"class":73},[52,104299,193],{"class":66},[52,104301,87],{"class":73},[52,104303,10111],{"class":77},[52,104305,81],{"class":73},[52,104307,135],{"class":66},[52,104309,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104311,36290],{"class":58},[52,104313,35],{"class":66},[52,104315,103083],{"class":155},[52,104317,152],{"class":66},[52,104319,81],{"class":73},[52,104321,22215],{"class":77},[52,104323,81],{"class":73},[52,104325,4056],{"class":66},[52,104327,104328],{"class":1017},"   # safe\n",[52,104330,104331,104333,104335,104337],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104332,149],{"class":148},[52,104334,152],{"class":66},[52,104336,36290],{"class":155},[52,104338,159],{"class":66},[14,104340,104341,104342,46061,104345,35],{},"If you use ",[49,104343,104344],{},"remove(\"z\")",[49,104346,19824],{},[487,104348,25756,104350,104352],{"id":104349},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[49,104351,103016],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104354,104355,102369],{},[49,104356,103016],{},[14,104358,1773],{},[42,104360,104362],{"className":44,"code":104361,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[49,104363,104364,104384],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104365,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104367,8175],{"class":58},[52,104369,63],{"class":62},[52,104371,4017],{"class":66},[52,104373,1565],{"class":110},[52,104375,193],{"class":66},[52,104377,1570],{"class":110},[52,104379,193],{"class":66},[52,104381,2850],{"class":110},[52,104383,4030],{"class":66},[52,104385,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104387,8204],{"class":58},[52,104389,35],{"class":66},[52,104391,103083],{"class":155},[52,104393,152],{"class":66},[52,104395,2451],{"class":110},[52,104397,159],{"class":66},[14,104399,104400,104401,84],{},"Use a set if you need ",[49,104402,103016],{},[42,104404,104406],{"className":44,"code":104405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[49,104407,104408,104428,104442],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104409,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104411,8175],{"class":58},[52,104413,63],{"class":62},[52,104415,1799],{"class":66},[52,104417,1565],{"class":110},[52,104419,193],{"class":66},[52,104421,1570],{"class":110},[52,104423,193],{"class":66},[52,104425,2850],{"class":110},[52,104427,135],{"class":66},[52,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104431,8204],{"class":58},[52,104433,35],{"class":66},[52,104435,103083],{"class":155},[52,104437,152],{"class":66},[52,104439,2451],{"class":110},[52,104441,159],{"class":66},[52,104443,104444,104446,104448,104450],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104445,149],{"class":148},[52,104447,152],{"class":66},[52,104449,8204],{"class":155},[52,104451,159],{"class":66},[487,104453,104455],{"id":104454},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104457,104458],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104460,3235],{},[42,104462,104464],{"className":44,"code":104463,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[49,104465,104466,104486],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104467,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104469,616],{"class":58},[52,104471,63],{"class":62},[52,104473,1799],{"class":66},[52,104475,1565],{"class":110},[52,104477,193],{"class":66},[52,104479,1570],{"class":110},[52,104481,193],{"class":66},[52,104483,2850],{"class":110},[52,104485,135],{"class":66},[52,104487,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104489,630],{"class":58},[52,104491,35],{"class":66},[52,104493,103083],{"class":155},[52,104495,2152],{"class":66},[52,104497,2451],{"class":110},[52,104499,1718],{"class":66},[14,104501,104502],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[37,104504,9268],{"id":9267},[14,104506,9271,104507,104509],{},[49,104508,103016],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[42,104511,104513],{"className":44,"code":104512,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[49,104514,104515,104525,104539,104553],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104516,104517,104519,104521,104523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104518,149],{"class":148},[52,104520,152],{"class":66},[52,104522,755],{"class":155},[52,104524,159],{"class":66},[52,104526,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104528,149],{"class":148},[52,104530,152],{"class":66},[52,104532,734],{"class":646},[52,104534,152],{"class":66},[52,104536,755],{"class":155},[52,104538,742],{"class":66},[52,104540,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104542,149],{"class":148},[52,104544,152],{"class":66},[52,104546,2845],{"class":155},[52,104548,4279],{"class":4272},[52,104550,97086],{"class":155},[52,104552,159],{"class":66},[52,104554,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,104556,32295],{"class":148},[52,104558,152],{"class":66},[52,104560,796],{"class":646},[52,104562,35],{"class":66},[52,104564,103083],{"class":24889},[52,104566,159],{"class":66},[14,104568,11534],{},[227,104570,104571,104574,104577,104580],{},[230,104572,104573],{},"What is currently in the set",[230,104575,104576],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[230,104578,104579],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[230,104581,104582],{},"How Python documents the method",[37,104584,2220],{"id":2219},[487,104586,104588],{"id":104587},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104590,104591,104592,104594],{},"Nothing happens. ",[49,104593,103016],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[487,104596,5539,104598,13073],{"id":104597},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[49,104599,103021],{},[14,104601,5545,104602,104604],{},[49,104603,4175],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[487,104606,2259,104608,2262,104610,2265],{"id":104607},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[49,104609,103016],{},[49,104611,55685],{},[14,104613,104614,104615,26678,104617,104619,104620,104622],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[49,104616,55685],{},[49,104618,19824],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[49,104621,103016],{}," does not.",[487,104624,28469,104626,104628],{"id":104625},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[49,104627,103016],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104630,46518,104631,104633],{},[49,104632,103016],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[37,104635,2277],{"id":2276},[227,104637,104638,104644,104650,104655,104659],{},[230,104639,104640],{},[26,104641,96976,104642,2292],{"href":98371},[49,104643,55685],{},[230,104645,104646],{},[26,104647,96976,104648,2292],{"href":98376},[49,104649,13120],{},[230,104651,104652],{},[26,104653,104654],{"href":98045},"Python set: creating a set",[230,104656,104657],{},[26,104658,100511],{"href":98953},[230,104660,104661],{},[26,104662,2310],{"href":2309},[2315,104664,104665],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":104667},[104668,104669,104671,104674,104679,104680,104681,104682,104684,104693,104694,104703],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":103193,"depth":70,"text":104670},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":104672},[104673],{"id":103266,"depth":98,"text":103267},{"id":103346,"depth":70,"text":104675,"children":104676},"What makes discard() different",[104677],{"id":103385,"depth":98,"text":104678},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103538,"depth":70,"text":103539},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":103909,"depth":70,"text":103910},{"id":104102,"depth":70,"text":104683},"When to use discard()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":104685},[104686,104688,104690,104692],{"id":104131,"depth":98,"text":104687},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104261,"depth":98,"text":104689},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104349,"depth":98,"text":104691},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104454,"depth":98,"text":104455},{"id":9267,"depth":70,"text":9268},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":104695},[104696,104697,104699,104701],{"id":104587,"depth":98,"text":104588},{"id":104597,"depth":98,"text":104698},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104607,"depth":98,"text":104700},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104625,"depth":98,"text":104702},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103008,"description":104704},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104711,"title":104712,"body":104713,"description":106719,"extension":2357,"meta":106720,"navigation":141,"path":106721,"seo":106722,"stem":106723,"__hash__":106724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104714,"toc":106677},[104715,104718,104726,104731,104742,104744,104799,104803,104823,104828,104832,104837,104839,104853,104855,104930,104932,104965,104970,104975,104977,104979,104994,104997,105005,105010,105025,105027,105116,105118,105207,105213,105217,105219,105257,105259,105283,105286,105301,105303,105358,105360,105393,105395,105400,105404,105408,105413,105478,105480,105500,105506,105510,105567,105569,105590,105594,105599,105644,105646,105679,105682,105686,105719,105721,105750,105754,105758,105761,105763,105782,105784,105830,105835,105849,105851,105882,105887,105890,105934,105936,105964,105968,105972,105988,105991,106056,106058,106070,106073,106077,106080,106085,106113,106115,106133,106139,106178,106180,106198,106204,106233,106235,106253,106256,106273,106275,106280,106284,106287,106313,106320,106325,106340,106349,106353,106356,106387,106393,106396,106405,106408,106410,106412,106470,106473,106498,106500,106504,106507,106511,106519,106523,106526,106530,106533,106535,106558,106560,106601,106608,106616,106619,106650,106652,106674],[10,104716,104712],{"id":104717},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104719,9518,104720,104722,104723,35],{},[49,104721,695],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[18,104724,104725],{},"unique values only",[14,104727,35551,104728,104730],{},[49,104729,695],{}," to:",[227,104732,104733,104736,104739],{},[230,104734,104735],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[230,104737,104738],{},"check whether a value exists",[230,104740,104741],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[37,104743,40],{"id":39},[42,104745,104747],{"className":44,"code":104746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[49,104748,104749,104773,104788],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104750,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104752,4012],{"class":58},[52,104754,63],{"class":62},[52,104756,4017],{"class":66},[52,104758,1565],{"class":110},[52,104760,193],{"class":66},[52,104762,1570],{"class":110},[52,104764,193],{"class":66},[52,104766,1570],{"class":110},[52,104768,193],{"class":66},[52,104770,2850],{"class":110},[52,104772,4030],{"class":66},[52,104774,104775,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104776,104777],{"class":58},"unique_numbers ",[52,104779,63],{"class":62},[52,104781,719],{"class":646},[52,104783,152],{"class":66},[52,104785,1578],{"class":155},[52,104787,159],{"class":66},[52,104789,104790,104792,104794,104797],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104791,149],{"class":148},[52,104793,152],{"class":66},[52,104795,104796],{"class":155},"unique_numbers",[52,104798,159],{"class":66},[14,104800,104801],{},[18,104802,164],{},[42,104804,104805],{"className":44,"code":96769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,104806,104807],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104808,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104810,174],{"class":66},[52,104812,1565],{"class":110},[52,104814,193],{"class":66},[52,104816,1570],{"class":110},[52,104818,193],{"class":66},[52,104820,2850],{"class":110},[52,104822,135],{"class":66},[14,104824,340,104825,104827],{},[49,104826,695],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[37,104829,104831],{"id":104830},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104833,104834,104836],{},[49,104835,695],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104838,30682],{},[227,104840,104841,104844,104847,104850],{},[230,104842,104843],{},"A set stores unique items only",[230,104845,104846],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[230,104848,104849],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[230,104851,104852],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104854,511],{},[42,104856,104858],{"className":44,"code":104857,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[49,104859,104860,104900,104915,104919],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104861,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104863,13431],{"class":58},[52,104865,63],{"class":62},[52,104867,4017],{"class":66},[52,104869,81],{"class":73},[52,104871,13448],{"class":77},[52,104873,81],{"class":73},[52,104875,193],{"class":66},[52,104877,87],{"class":73},[52,104879,13465],{"class":77},[52,104881,81],{"class":73},[52,104883,193],{"class":66},[52,104885,87],{"class":73},[52,104887,13448],{"class":77},[52,104889,81],{"class":73},[52,104891,193],{"class":66},[52,104893,87],{"class":73},[52,104895,17591],{"class":77},[52,104897,81],{"class":73},[52,104899,4030],{"class":66},[52,104901,104902,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,104903,104904],{"class":58},"unique_colors ",[52,104906,63],{"class":62},[52,104908,719],{"class":646},[52,104910,152],{"class":66},[52,104912,17638],{"class":155},[52,104914,159],{"class":66},[52,104916,104917],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,104918,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,104920,104921,104923,104925,104928],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,104922,149],{"class":148},[52,104924,152],{"class":66},[52,104926,104927],{"class":155},"unique_colors",[52,104929,159],{"class":66},[14,104931,30171],{},[42,104933,104935],{"className":44,"code":104934,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[49,104936,104937],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104938,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104940,174],{"class":66},[52,104942,177],{"class":73},[52,104944,13465],{"class":77},[52,104946,177],{"class":73},[52,104948,193],{"class":66},[52,104950,186],{"class":73},[52,104952,17591],{"class":77},[52,104954,177],{"class":73},[52,104956,193],{"class":66},[52,104958,186],{"class":73},[52,104960,13448],{"class":77},[52,104962,177],{"class":73},[52,104964,135],{"class":66},[14,104966,2683,104967,104969],{},[49,104968,65551],{}," appears only once.",[14,104971,104972,104973,35],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[26,104974,96490],{"href":96489},[37,104976,2553],{"id":2552},[14,104978,2556],{},[42,104980,104982],{"className":44,"code":104981,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set(iterable)\n",[49,104983,104984],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,104985,104986,104988,104990,104992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104987,796],{"class":646},[52,104989,152],{"class":66},[52,104991,4117],{"class":155},[52,104993,159],{"class":66},[14,104995,104996],{},"The argument is optional.",[227,104998,104999,105002],{},[230,105000,105001],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[230,105003,105004],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,105006,105007,105008,84],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[49,105009,695],{},[227,105011,105012,105014,105016,105018,105022],{},[230,105013,8488],{},[230,105015,49107],{},[230,105017,61332],{},[230,105019,105020],{},[49,105021,36345],{},[230,105023,105024],{},"another set",[14,105026,2520],{},[42,105028,105030],{"className":44,"code":105029,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[49,105031,105032,105058,105080,105098],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105033,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105035,149],{"class":148},[52,105037,152],{"class":66},[52,105039,796],{"class":646},[52,105041,2152],{"class":66},[52,105043,1565],{"class":110},[52,105045,193],{"class":66},[52,105047,1570],{"class":110},[52,105049,193],{"class":66},[52,105051,1570],{"class":110},[52,105053,193],{"class":66},[52,105055,2850],{"class":110},[52,105057,3395],{"class":66},[52,105059,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105061,149],{"class":148},[52,105063,152],{"class":66},[52,105065,796],{"class":646},[52,105067,5908],{"class":66},[52,105069,2728],{"class":110},[52,105071,193],{"class":66},[52,105073,111],{"class":110},[52,105075,193],{"class":66},[52,105077,6403],{"class":110},[52,105079,1291],{"class":66},[52,105081,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105083,149],{"class":148},[52,105085,152],{"class":66},[52,105087,796],{"class":646},[52,105089,152],{"class":66},[52,105091,81],{"class":73},[52,105093,4241],{"class":77},[52,105095,81],{"class":73},[52,105097,742],{"class":66},[52,105099,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,105101,149],{"class":148},[52,105103,152],{"class":66},[52,105105,796],{"class":646},[52,105107,152],{"class":66},[52,105109,60156],{"class":148},[52,105111,152],{"class":66},[52,105113,2903],{"class":110},[52,105115,1291],{"class":66},[14,105117,30171],{},[42,105119,105121],{"className":44,"code":105120,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[49,105122,105123,105139,105151,105187],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105124,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105126,174],{"class":66},[52,105128,1565],{"class":110},[52,105130,193],{"class":66},[52,105132,1570],{"class":110},[52,105134,193],{"class":66},[52,105136,2850],{"class":110},[52,105138,135],{"class":66},[52,105140,105141,105143,105145,105147,105149],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105142,174],{"class":66},[52,105144,2728],{"class":110},[52,105146,193],{"class":66},[52,105148,111],{"class":110},[52,105150,135],{"class":66},[52,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105154,174],{"class":66},[52,105156,177],{"class":73},[52,105158,60596],{"class":77},[52,105160,177],{"class":73},[52,105162,193],{"class":66},[52,105164,186],{"class":73},[52,105166,60605],{"class":77},[52,105168,177],{"class":73},[52,105170,193],{"class":66},[52,105172,186],{"class":73},[52,105174,60614],{"class":77},[52,105176,177],{"class":73},[52,105178,193],{"class":66},[52,105180,186],{"class":73},[52,105182,60631],{"class":77},[52,105184,177],{"class":73},[52,105186,135],{"class":66},[52,105188,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,105190,174],{"class":66},[52,105192,2514],{"class":110},[52,105194,193],{"class":66},[52,105196,5895],{"class":110},[52,105198,193],{"class":66},[52,105200,1570],{"class":110},[52,105202,193],{"class":66},[52,105204,2850],{"class":110},[52,105206,135],{"class":66},[14,105208,105209,105210,35],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[26,105211,105212],{"href":65006},"Python list() function explained",[37,105214,105216],{"id":105215},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105218,98442],{},[42,105220,105221],{"className":44,"code":99407,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,105222,105223,105233,105243],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105224,105225,105227,105229,105231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105226,98452],{"class":58},[52,105228,63],{"class":62},[52,105230,719],{"class":646},[52,105232,650],{"class":66},[52,105234,105235,105237,105239,105241],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105236,149],{"class":148},[52,105238,152],{"class":66},[52,105240,98471],{"class":155},[52,105242,159],{"class":66},[52,105244,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105246,149],{"class":148},[52,105248,152],{"class":66},[52,105250,734],{"class":646},[52,105252,152],{"class":66},[52,105254,98471],{"class":155},[52,105256,742],{"class":66},[14,105258,164],{},[42,105260,105261],{"className":44,"code":99450,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,105262,105263,105269],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105264,105265,105267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105266,796],{"class":646},[52,105268,650],{"class":66},[52,105270,105271,105273,105275,105277,105279,105281],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105272,771],{"class":62},[52,105274,775],{"class":774},[52,105276,186],{"class":73},[52,105278,796],{"class":77},[52,105280,177],{"class":73},[52,105282,785],{"class":62},[14,105284,105285],{},"This is important because:",[227,105287,105288,105293],{},[230,105289,105290,105292],{},[49,105291,695],{}," creates an empty set",[230,105294,105295,105297,105298,105300],{},[49,105296,343],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[18,105299,1006],{}," a set",[14,105302,511],{},[42,105304,105306],{"className":44,"code":105305,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[49,105307,105308,105318,105326,105330,105344],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105309,105310,105312,105314,105316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105311,2953],{"class":58},[52,105313,63],{"class":62},[52,105315,719],{"class":646},[52,105317,650],{"class":66},[52,105319,105320,105322,105324],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105321,2981],{"class":58},[52,105323,63],{"class":62},[52,105325,621],{"class":66},[52,105327,105328],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105329,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,105331,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,105333,149],{"class":148},[52,105335,152],{"class":66},[52,105337,734],{"class":646},[52,105339,152],{"class":66},[52,105341,26],{"class":155},[52,105343,742],{"class":66},[52,105345,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,105347,149],{"class":148},[52,105349,152],{"class":66},[52,105351,734],{"class":646},[52,105353,152],{"class":66},[52,105355,5157],{"class":155},[52,105357,742],{"class":66},[14,105359,164],{},[42,105361,105363],{"className":44,"code":105362,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[49,105364,105365,105379],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105366,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105368,771],{"class":62},[52,105370,775],{"class":774},[52,105372,186],{"class":73},[52,105374,796],{"class":77},[52,105376,177],{"class":73},[52,105378,785],{"class":62},[52,105380,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105382,771],{"class":62},[52,105384,775],{"class":774},[52,105386,186],{"class":73},[52,105388,780],{"class":77},[52,105390,177],{"class":73},[52,105392,785],{"class":62},[14,105394,14403],{},[14,105396,105397,105398,35],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[26,105399,104654],{"href":96493},[37,105401,105403],{"id":105402},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[487,105405,105407],{"id":105406},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105409,105410,105411,35],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[49,105412,695],{},[42,105414,105416],{"className":44,"code":105415,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,105417,105418,105450,105464,105468],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105419,105420,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105421,4012],{"class":58},[52,105423,63],{"class":62},[52,105425,4017],{"class":66},[52,105427,1565],{"class":110},[52,105429,193],{"class":66},[52,105431,1570],{"class":110},[52,105433,193],{"class":66},[52,105435,1570],{"class":110},[52,105437,193],{"class":66},[52,105439,2850],{"class":110},[52,105441,193],{"class":66},[52,105443,2850],{"class":110},[52,105445,193],{"class":66},[52,105447,2850],{"class":110},[52,105449,4030],{"class":66},[52,105451,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105453,2626],{"class":58},[52,105455,63],{"class":62},[52,105457,719],{"class":646},[52,105459,152],{"class":66},[52,105461,1578],{"class":155},[52,105463,159],{"class":66},[52,105465,105466],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105467,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,105469,105470,105472,105474,105476],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,105471,149],{"class":148},[52,105473,152],{"class":66},[52,105475,2661],{"class":155},[52,105477,159],{"class":66},[14,105479,164],{},[42,105481,105482],{"className":44,"code":96769,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,105483,105484],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105485,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496,105498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105487,174],{"class":66},[52,105489,1565],{"class":110},[52,105491,193],{"class":66},[52,105493,1570],{"class":110},[52,105495,193],{"class":66},[52,105497,2850],{"class":110},[52,105499,135],{"class":66},[14,105501,105502,105503,35],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[26,105504,99240],{"href":105505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[487,105507,105509],{"id":105508},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[42,105511,105513],{"className":44,"code":105512,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,105514,105515,105539,105553,105557],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105516,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105518,4218],{"class":58},[52,105520,63],{"class":62},[52,105522,1118],{"class":66},[52,105524,2531],{"class":110},[52,105526,193],{"class":66},[52,105528,5002],{"class":110},[52,105530,193],{"class":66},[52,105532,6403],{"class":110},[52,105534,193],{"class":66},[52,105536,38085],{"class":110},[52,105538,159],{"class":66},[52,105540,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105542,2626],{"class":58},[52,105544,63],{"class":62},[52,105546,719],{"class":646},[52,105548,152],{"class":66},[52,105550,2071],{"class":155},[52,105552,159],{"class":66},[52,105554,105555],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105556,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,105558,105559,105561,105563,105565],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,105560,149],{"class":148},[52,105562,152],{"class":66},[52,105564,2661],{"class":155},[52,105566,159],{"class":66},[14,105568,164],{},[42,105570,105572],{"className":44,"code":105571,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[49,105573,105574],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105575,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105577,174],{"class":66},[52,105579,2531],{"class":110},[52,105581,193],{"class":66},[52,105583,6403],{"class":110},[52,105585,193],{"class":66},[52,105587,38085],{"class":110},[52,105589,135],{"class":66},[487,105591,105593],{"id":105592},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105595,51282,105596,105598],{},[49,105597,695],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[42,105600,105602],{"className":44,"code":105601,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,105603,105604,105616,105630,105634],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105605,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105607,34832],{"class":58},[52,105609,63],{"class":62},[52,105611,87],{"class":73},[52,105613,4483],{"class":77},[52,105615,297],{"class":73},[52,105617,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105619,2626],{"class":58},[52,105621,63],{"class":62},[52,105623,719],{"class":646},[52,105625,152],{"class":66},[52,105627,34853],{"class":155},[52,105629,159],{"class":66},[52,105631,105632],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,105633,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,105635,105636,105638,105640,105642],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,105637,149],{"class":148},[52,105639,152],{"class":66},[52,105641,2661],{"class":155},[52,105643,159],{"class":66},[14,105645,30171],{},[42,105647,105649],{"className":44,"code":105648,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[49,105650,105651],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105652,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105654,174],{"class":66},[52,105656,177],{"class":73},[52,105658,5157],{"class":77},[52,105660,177],{"class":73},[52,105662,193],{"class":66},[52,105664,186],{"class":73},[52,105666,26],{"class":77},[52,105668,177],{"class":73},[52,105670,193],{"class":66},[52,105672,186],{"class":73},[52,105674,76189],{"class":77},[52,105676,177],{"class":73},[52,105678,135],{"class":66},[14,105680,105681],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[487,105683,105685],{"id":105684},"from-range","From range()",[42,105687,105689],{"className":44,"code":105688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[49,105690,105691,105709],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105692,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105694,2626],{"class":58},[52,105696,63],{"class":62},[52,105698,719],{"class":646},[52,105700,152],{"class":66},[52,105702,60156],{"class":148},[52,105704,152],{"class":66},[52,105706,2531],{"class":110},[52,105708,742],{"class":66},[52,105710,105711,105713,105715,105717],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105712,149],{"class":148},[52,105714,152],{"class":66},[52,105716,2661],{"class":155},[52,105718,159],{"class":66},[14,105720,164],{},[42,105722,105724],{"className":44,"code":105723,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,105725,105726],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105727,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105729,174],{"class":66},[52,105731,2514],{"class":110},[52,105733,193],{"class":66},[52,105735,5895],{"class":110},[52,105737,193],{"class":66},[52,105739,1570],{"class":110},[52,105741,193],{"class":66},[52,105743,2850],{"class":110},[52,105745,193],{"class":66},[52,105747,2856],{"class":110},[52,105749,135],{"class":66},[37,105751,105753],{"id":105752},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105755,99687,105756,35],{},[18,105757,96533],{},[14,105759,105760],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105762,99693],{},[227,105764,105765,105769,105773,105777],{},[230,105766,105767],{},[49,105768,2585],{},[230,105770,105771],{},[49,105772,3836],{},[230,105774,105775],{},[49,105776,2588],{},[230,105778,105779,105781],{},[49,105780,49107],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105783,511],{},[42,105785,105787],{"className":44,"code":105786,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[49,105788,105789,105820],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105790,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105792,8175],{"class":58},[52,105794,63],{"class":62},[52,105796,1799],{"class":66},[52,105798,1565],{"class":110},[52,105800,193],{"class":66},[52,105802,87],{"class":73},[52,105804,4241],{"class":77},[52,105806,81],{"class":73},[52,105808,193],{"class":66},[52,105810,1118],{"class":66},[52,105812,2728],{"class":110},[52,105814,193],{"class":66},[52,105816,111],{"class":110},[52,105818,105819],{"class":66},")}\n",[52,105821,105822,105824,105826,105828],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105823,149],{"class":148},[52,105825,152],{"class":66},[52,105827,8204],{"class":155},[52,105829,159],{"class":66},[14,105831,99755,105832,105834],{},[18,105833,1006],{}," work inside a set:",[227,105836,105837,105841,105845],{},[230,105838,105839],{},[49,105840,8488],{},[230,105842,105843],{},[49,105844,780],{},[230,105846,105847],{},[49,105848,796],{},[14,105850,97258],{},[42,105852,105854],{"className":44,"code":105853,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[49,105855,105856],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105857,105858,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105859,99774],{"class":58},[52,105861,63],{"class":62},[52,105863,99779],{"class":66},[52,105865,1565],{"class":110},[52,105867,193],{"class":66},[52,105869,1570],{"class":110},[52,105871,18198],{"class":66},[52,105873,4017],{"class":66},[52,105875,2457],{"class":110},[52,105877,193],{"class":66},[52,105879,2856],{"class":110},[52,105881,14061],{"class":66},[14,105883,77017,105884,105886],{},[49,105885,3401],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105888,105889],{},"A safer example:",[42,105891,105893],{"className":44,"code":105892,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[49,105894,105895,105923],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105896,105897,105900,105902,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105898,105899],{"class":58},"good_set ",[52,105901,63],{"class":62},[52,105903,105904],{"class":66}," {(",[52,105906,1565],{"class":110},[52,105908,193],{"class":66},[52,105910,1570],{"class":110},[52,105912,1115],{"class":66},[52,105914,1118],{"class":66},[52,105916,2457],{"class":110},[52,105918,193],{"class":66},[52,105920,2856],{"class":110},[52,105922,105819],{"class":66},[52,105924,105925,105927,105929,105932],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,105926,149],{"class":148},[52,105928,152],{"class":66},[52,105930,105931],{"class":155},"good_set",[52,105933,159],{"class":66},[14,105935,164],{},[42,105937,105939],{"className":44,"code":105938,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[49,105940,105941],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105942,105943,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105944,105945],{"class":66},"{(",[52,105947,1565],{"class":110},[52,105949,193],{"class":66},[52,105951,1570],{"class":110},[52,105953,1115],{"class":66},[52,105955,1118],{"class":66},[52,105957,2457],{"class":110},[52,105959,193],{"class":66},[52,105961,2856],{"class":110},[52,105963,105819],{"class":66},[37,105965,105967],{"id":105966},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105969,340,105970,10970],{},[49,105971,695],{},[227,105973,105974,105977,105982,105985],{},[230,105975,105976],{},"you need unique values only",[230,105978,105979,105980],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[49,105981,4279],{},[230,105983,105984],{},"order does not matter",[230,105986,105987],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105989,105990],{},"Example of membership checking:",[42,105992,105994],{"className":44,"code":105993,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[49,105995,105996,106021,106025,106041],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,105997,105998,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106014,106016,106019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105999,106000],{"class":58},"allowed_ids ",[52,106002,63],{"class":62},[52,106004,719],{"class":646},[52,106006,2152],{"class":66},[52,106008,46745],{"class":110},[52,106010,193],{"class":66},[52,106012,106013],{"class":110}," 102",[52,106015,193],{"class":66},[52,106017,106018],{"class":110}," 103",[52,106020,1718],{"class":66},[52,106022,106023],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106024,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,106026,106027,106029,106031,106034,106036,106039],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,106028,149],{"class":148},[52,106030,152],{"class":66},[52,106032,106033],{"class":110},"102",[52,106035,21311],{"class":4272},[52,106037,106038],{"class":155}," allowed_ids",[52,106040,159],{"class":66},[52,106042,106043,106045,106047,106050,106052,106054],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,106044,149],{"class":148},[52,106046,152],{"class":66},[52,106048,106049],{"class":110},"999",[52,106051,21311],{"class":4272},[52,106053,106038],{"class":155},[52,106055,159],{"class":66},[14,106057,164],{},[42,106059,106060],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,106061,106062,106066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106063,106064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106065,4374],{"class":128},[52,106067,106068],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106069,4435],{"class":128},[14,106071,106072],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[37,106074,106076],{"id":106075},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,106078,106079],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[487,106081,340,106083,98384],{"id":106082},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[49,106084,695],{},[42,106086,106087],{"className":44,"code":98445,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,106088,106089,106099],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106090,106091,106093,106095,106097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106092,98452],{"class":58},[52,106094,63],{"class":62},[52,106096,719],{"class":646},[52,106098,650],{"class":66},[52,106100,106101,106103,106105,106107,106109,106111],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106102,149],{"class":148},[52,106104,152],{"class":66},[52,106106,734],{"class":646},[52,106108,152],{"class":66},[52,106110,98471],{"class":155},[52,106112,742],{"class":66},[14,106114,164],{},[42,106116,106117],{"className":44,"code":9248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,106118,106119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106120,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106122,771],{"class":62},[52,106124,775],{"class":774},[52,106126,186],{"class":73},[52,106128,796],{"class":77},[52,106130,177],{"class":73},[52,106132,785],{"class":62},[487,106134,340,106136,106138],{"id":106135},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[49,106137,100444],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[42,106140,106142],{"className":44,"code":106141,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[49,106143,106144,106164],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106145,106146,106148,106150,106152,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106147,4012],{"class":58},[52,106149,63],{"class":62},[52,106151,1799],{"class":66},[52,106153,1565],{"class":110},[52,106155,193],{"class":66},[52,106157,1570],{"class":110},[52,106159,193],{"class":66},[52,106161,2850],{"class":110},[52,106163,135],{"class":66},[52,106165,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106167,149],{"class":148},[52,106169,152],{"class":66},[52,106171,734],{"class":646},[52,106173,152],{"class":66},[52,106175,1578],{"class":155},[52,106177,742],{"class":66},[14,106179,164],{},[42,106181,106182],{"className":44,"code":9248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,106183,106184],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106185,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106187,771],{"class":62},[52,106189,775],{"class":774},[52,106191,186],{"class":73},[52,106193,796],{"class":77},[52,106195,177],{"class":73},[52,106197,785],{"class":62},[487,106199,340,106201,106203],{"id":106200},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[49,106202,343],{}," for an empty dictionary",[42,106205,106207],{"className":44,"code":106206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[49,106208,106209,106218],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106210,106211,106214,106216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106212,106213],{"class":58},"empty_dict ",[52,106215,63],{"class":62},[52,106217,621],{"class":66},[52,106219,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106231],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106221,149],{"class":148},[52,106223,152],{"class":66},[52,106225,734],{"class":646},[52,106227,152],{"class":66},[52,106229,106230],{"class":155},"empty_dict",[52,106232,742],{"class":66},[14,106234,164],{},[42,106236,106237],{"className":44,"code":9205,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,106238,106239],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106240,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106242,771],{"class":62},[52,106244,775],{"class":774},[52,106246,186],{"class":73},[52,106248,780],{"class":77},[52,106250,177],{"class":73},[52,106252,785],{"class":62},[14,106254,106255],{},"So the rule is simple:",[227,106257,106258,106263,106268],{},[230,106259,106260,106262],{},[49,106261,695],{}," → empty set",[230,106264,106265,106267],{},[49,106266,100444],{}," → non-empty set",[230,106269,106270,106272],{},[49,106271,343],{}," → empty dictionary",[37,106274,1743],{"id":1742},[14,106276,106277,106278,35],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[49,106279,695],{},[487,106281,8813,106282,100042],{"id":100039},[49,106283,343],{},[14,106285,106286],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[42,106288,106289],{"className":44,"code":100048,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,106290,106291,106299],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106292,106293,106295,106297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106294,2845],{"class":58},[52,106296,63],{"class":62},[52,106298,621],{"class":66},[52,106300,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106302,149],{"class":148},[52,106304,152],{"class":66},[52,106306,734],{"class":646},[52,106308,152],{"class":66},[52,106310,263],{"class":155},[52,106312,742],{"class":66},[487,106314,106316,106317],{"id":106315},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[49,106318,106319],{},"set(5)",[14,106321,106322,106324],{},[49,106323,695],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[42,106326,106328],{"className":44,"code":106327,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set(5)\n",[49,106329,106330],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106331,106332,106334,106336,106338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106333,796],{"class":646},[52,106335,152],{"class":66},[52,106337,2531],{"class":110},[52,106339,159],{"class":66},[14,106341,3398,106342,106344,106345,35],{},[49,106343,3401],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[26,106346,106348],{"href":106347},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[487,106350,106352],{"id":106351},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106354,106355],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[42,106357,106359],{"className":44,"code":106358,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[49,106360,106361],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106362,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106364,2845],{"class":58},[52,106366,63],{"class":62},[52,106368,99779],{"class":66},[52,106370,1565],{"class":110},[52,106372,193],{"class":66},[52,106374,1570],{"class":110},[52,106376,18198],{"class":66},[52,106378,4017],{"class":66},[52,106380,2457],{"class":110},[52,106382,193],{"class":66},[52,106384,2856],{"class":110},[52,106386,14061],{"class":66},[487,106388,8849,106390,106392],{"id":106389},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[49,106391,695],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106394,106395],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[487,106397,37352,106399,9101,106401,30,106403],{"id":106398},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[49,106400,695],{},[49,106402,24920],{},[49,106404,807],{},[14,106406,106407],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[37,106409,60868],{"id":60867},[14,106411,11477],{},[42,106413,106415],{"className":44,"code":106414,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[49,106416,106417,106432,106442,106456],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106418,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427,106430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106420,149],{"class":148},[52,106422,152],{"class":66},[52,106424,734],{"class":646},[52,106426,152],{"class":66},[52,106428,106429],{"class":155},"my_value",[52,106431,742],{"class":66},[52,106433,106434,106436,106438,106440],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106435,149],{"class":148},[52,106437,152],{"class":66},[52,106439,106429],{"class":155},[52,106441,159],{"class":66},[52,106443,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,106445,149],{"class":148},[52,106447,152],{"class":66},[52,106449,8488],{"class":646},[52,106451,152],{"class":66},[52,106453,755],{"class":155},[52,106455,742],{"class":66},[52,106457,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,106459,149],{"class":148},[52,106461,152],{"class":66},[52,106463,2082],{"class":148},[52,106465,152],{"class":66},[52,106467,755],{"class":155},[52,106469,742],{"class":66},[14,106471,106472],{},"What they help you see:",[227,106474,106475,106481,106486,106492],{},[230,106476,106477,106480],{},[49,106478,106479],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[230,106482,106483,90708],{},[49,106484,106485],{},"print(my_value)",[230,106487,106488,106491],{},[49,106489,106490],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[230,106493,106494,106497],{},[49,106495,106496],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[37,106499,2220],{"id":2219},[487,106501,106503],{"id":106502},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106505,106506],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[487,106508,106510],{"id":106509},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106512,340,106513,106515,106516,106518],{},[49,106514,695],{},". Do not use ",[49,106517,343],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[487,106520,106522],{"id":106521},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106524,106525],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[487,106527,106529],{"id":106528},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106531,106532],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106534,511],{},[42,106536,106538],{"className":44,"code":106537,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[49,106539,106540],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106541,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106543,149],{"class":148},[52,106545,152],{"class":66},[52,106547,796],{"class":646},[52,106549,152],{"class":66},[52,106551,81],{"class":73},[52,106553,4474],{"class":77},[52,106555,81],{"class":73},[52,106557,742],{"class":66},[14,106559,30171],{},[42,106561,106563],{"className":44,"code":106562,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[49,106564,106565],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106566,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106568,174],{"class":66},[52,106570,177],{"class":73},[52,106572,26],{"class":77},[52,106574,177],{"class":73},[52,106576,193],{"class":66},[52,106578,186],{"class":73},[52,106580,14],{"class":77},[52,106582,177],{"class":73},[52,106584,193],{"class":66},[52,106586,186],{"class":73},[52,106588,60614],{"class":77},[52,106590,177],{"class":73},[52,106592,193],{"class":66},[52,106594,186],{"class":73},[52,106596,60605],{"class":77},[52,106598,177],{"class":73},[52,106600,135],{"class":66},[487,106602,5555,106604,106607],{"id":106603},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[49,106605,106606],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106609,106610,28826,106612,106615],{},[49,106611,695],{},[18,106613,106614],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106617,106618],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[42,106620,106622],{"className":44,"code":106621,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[49,106623,106624],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106625,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106627,149],{"class":148},[52,106629,152],{"class":66},[52,106631,796],{"class":646},[52,106633,2152],{"class":66},[52,106635,1565],{"class":110},[52,106637,193],{"class":66},[52,106639,1570],{"class":110},[52,106641,193],{"class":66},[52,106643,2850],{"class":110},[52,106645,193],{"class":66},[52,106647,2856],{"class":110},[52,106649,3395],{"class":66},[37,106651,2277],{"id":2276},[227,106653,106654,106658,106662,106666,106670],{},[230,106655,106656],{},[26,106657,96490],{"href":96489},[230,106659,106660],{},[26,106661,104654],{"href":96493},[230,106663,106664],{},[26,106665,100506],{"href":105505},[230,106667,106668],{},[26,106669,105212],{"href":65006},[230,106671,106672],{},[26,106673,106348],{"href":106347},[2315,106675,106676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":106678},[106679,106680,106681,106682,106683,106689,106690,106691,106699,106709,106710,106718],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":104830,"depth":70,"text":104831},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":105215,"depth":70,"text":105216},{"id":105402,"depth":70,"text":105403,"children":106684},[106685,106686,106687,106688],{"id":105406,"depth":98,"text":105407},{"id":105508,"depth":98,"text":105509},{"id":105592,"depth":98,"text":105593},{"id":105684,"depth":98,"text":105685},{"id":105752,"depth":70,"text":105753},{"id":105966,"depth":70,"text":105967},{"id":106075,"depth":70,"text":106076,"children":106692},[106693,106695,106697],{"id":106082,"depth":98,"text":106694},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106135,"depth":98,"text":106696},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106200,"depth":98,"text":106698},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":106700},[106701,106702,106704,106705,106707],{"id":100039,"depth":98,"text":100547},{"id":106315,"depth":98,"text":106703},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106351,"depth":98,"text":106352},{"id":106389,"depth":98,"text":106706},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106398,"depth":98,"text":106708},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60867,"depth":70,"text":60868},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":106711},[106712,106713,106714,106715,106716],{"id":106502,"depth":98,"text":106503},{"id":106509,"depth":98,"text":106510},{"id":106521,"depth":98,"text":106522},{"id":106528,"depth":98,"text":106529},{"id":106603,"depth":98,"text":106717},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104712,"description":106719},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106726,"title":106727,"body":106728,"description":108243,"extension":2357,"meta":108244,"navigation":141,"path":108245,"seo":108246,"stem":108247,"__hash__":108248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106729,"toc":108219},[106730,106736,106741,106744,106827,106832,106837,106842,106844,106857,106861,106863,106882,106885,106908,106911,106922,106924,107005,107007,107024,107026,107032,107035,107130,107132,107163,107165,107173,107175,107178,107289,107291,107316,107318,107340,107345,107350,107356,107465,107467,107483,107486,107489,107572,107574,107591,107599,107601,107605,107611,107702,107704,107737,107742,107749,107826,107828,107845,107851,107853,107857,107873,107876,107902,107904,107965,107967,108090,108092,108143,108149,108151,108156,108158,108164,108167,108171,108174,108178,108181,108191,108193,108216],[10,106731,3969,106733,11684],{"id":106732},"python-setintersection-method",[49,106734,106735],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106737,2374,106738,106740],{},[49,106739,106735],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106742,106743],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[42,106745,106747],{"className":44,"code":106746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[49,106748,106749,106769,106789,106793,106812,106822],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106750,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106752,2953],{"class":58},[52,106754,63],{"class":62},[52,106756,1799],{"class":66},[52,106758,1565],{"class":110},[52,106760,193],{"class":66},[52,106762,1570],{"class":110},[52,106764,193],{"class":66},[52,106766,2850],{"class":110},[52,106768,135],{"class":66},[52,106770,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106772,2981],{"class":58},[52,106774,63],{"class":62},[52,106776,1799],{"class":66},[52,106778,2451],{"class":110},[52,106780,193],{"class":66},[52,106782,2850],{"class":110},[52,106784,193],{"class":66},[52,106786,2856],{"class":110},[52,106788,135],{"class":66},[52,106790,106791],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,106792,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,106794,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106806,106808,106810],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,106796,2626],{"class":58},[52,106798,63],{"class":62},[52,106800,57044],{"class":58},[52,106802,35],{"class":66},[52,106804,106805],{"class":155},"intersection",[52,106807,152],{"class":66},[52,106809,5157],{"class":155},[52,106811,159],{"class":66},[52,106813,106814,106816,106818,106820],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,106815,149],{"class":148},[52,106817,152],{"class":66},[52,106819,2661],{"class":155},[52,106821,159],{"class":66},[52,106823,106824],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,106825,106826],{"class":1017},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106828,340,106829,106831],{},[49,106830,102953],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[37,106833,13352,106835,13355],{"id":106834},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[49,106836,102953],{},[14,106838,106839,106841],{},[49,106840,102953],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106843,13407],{},[227,106845,106846,106849,106851,106854],{},[230,106847,106848],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[230,106850,100723],{},[230,106852,106853],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[230,106855,106856],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106858,96486,106859,35],{},[26,106860,96490],{"href":96489},[37,106862,2553],{"id":2552},[42,106864,106866],{"className":44,"code":106865,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[49,106867,106868],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106869,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106871,100747],{"class":58},[52,106873,35],{"class":66},[52,106875,106805],{"class":155},[52,106877,152],{"class":66},[52,106879,100756],{"class":155},[52,106881,159],{"class":66},[14,106883,106884],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[42,106886,106888],{"className":44,"code":106887,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[49,106889,106890],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106891,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106893,100747],{"class":58},[52,106895,35],{"class":66},[52,106897,106805],{"class":155},[52,106899,152],{"class":66},[52,106901,100756],{"class":155},[52,106903,193],{"class":66},[52,106905,100783],{"class":155},[52,106907,159],{"class":66},[14,106909,106910],{},"Important notes:",[227,106912,106913,106916,106919],{},[230,106914,106915],{},"The result is always a new set",[230,106917,106918],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[230,106920,106921],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106923,511],{},[42,106925,106927],{"className":44,"code":106926,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[49,106928,106929,106953,106973,106977,106995],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,106930,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106932,2953],{"class":58},[52,106934,63],{"class":62},[52,106936,1799],{"class":66},[52,106938,1565],{"class":110},[52,106940,193],{"class":66},[52,106942,1570],{"class":110},[52,106944,193],{"class":66},[52,106946,2850],{"class":110},[52,106948,193],{"class":66},[52,106950,2856],{"class":110},[52,106952,135],{"class":66},[52,106954,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,106956,2981],{"class":58},[52,106958,63],{"class":62},[52,106960,1799],{"class":66},[52,106962,2457],{"class":110},[52,106964,193],{"class":66},[52,106966,2856],{"class":110},[52,106968,193],{"class":66},[52,106970,5002],{"class":110},[52,106972,135],{"class":66},[52,106974,106975],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,106976,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,106980,2626],{"class":58},[52,106982,63],{"class":62},[52,106984,57044],{"class":58},[52,106986,35],{"class":66},[52,106988,106805],{"class":155},[52,106990,152],{"class":66},[52,106992,5157],{"class":155},[52,106994,159],{"class":66},[52,106996,106997,106999,107001,107003],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,106998,149],{"class":148},[52,107000,152],{"class":66},[52,107002,2661],{"class":155},[52,107004,159],{"class":66},[14,107006,164],{},[42,107008,107010],{"className":44,"code":107009,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{3, 4}\n",[49,107011,107012],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107013,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107015,174],{"class":66},[52,107017,2457],{"class":110},[52,107019,193],{"class":66},[52,107021,2856],{"class":110},[52,107023,135],{"class":66},[37,107025,17554],{"id":17553},[14,107027,107028,22113,107030,35],{},[49,107029,102953],{},[18,107031,796],{},[14,107033,107034],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[42,107036,107038],{"className":44,"code":107037,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,107039,107040,107060,107080,107084,107102,107106,107116],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107043,2953],{"class":58},[52,107045,63],{"class":62},[52,107047,1799],{"class":66},[52,107049,1565],{"class":110},[52,107051,193],{"class":66},[52,107053,1570],{"class":110},[52,107055,193],{"class":66},[52,107057,2850],{"class":110},[52,107059,135],{"class":66},[52,107061,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107063,2981],{"class":58},[52,107065,63],{"class":62},[52,107067,1799],{"class":66},[52,107069,2451],{"class":110},[52,107071,193],{"class":66},[52,107073,2850],{"class":110},[52,107075,193],{"class":66},[52,107077,2856],{"class":110},[52,107079,135],{"class":66},[52,107081,107082],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107083,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107085,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107087,2626],{"class":58},[52,107089,63],{"class":62},[52,107091,57044],{"class":58},[52,107093,35],{"class":66},[52,107095,106805],{"class":155},[52,107097,152],{"class":66},[52,107099,5157],{"class":155},[52,107101,159],{"class":66},[52,107103,107104],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,107105,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107107,107108,107110,107112,107114],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107109,149],{"class":148},[52,107111,152],{"class":66},[52,107113,2661],{"class":155},[52,107115,159],{"class":66},[52,107117,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,107119,149],{"class":148},[52,107121,152],{"class":66},[52,107123,734],{"class":646},[52,107125,152],{"class":66},[52,107127,2661],{"class":155},[52,107129,742],{"class":66},[14,107131,164],{},[42,107133,107135],{"className":44,"code":107134,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[49,107136,107137,107149],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107138,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107140,174],{"class":66},[52,107142,2451],{"class":110},[52,107144,193],{"class":66},[52,107146,2850],{"class":110},[52,107148,135],{"class":66},[52,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107152,771],{"class":62},[52,107154,775],{"class":774},[52,107156,186],{"class":73},[52,107158,796],{"class":77},[52,107160,177],{"class":73},[52,107162,785],{"class":62},[14,107164,85971],{},[227,107166,107167,107170],{},[230,107168,107169],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[230,107171,107172],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[37,107174,11837],{"id":11836},[14,107176,107177],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[42,107179,107181],{"className":44,"code":107180,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[49,107182,107183,107216,107249,107253,107274,107278],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107184,107185,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107186,107187],{"class":58},"colors1 ",[52,107189,63],{"class":62},[52,107191,1799],{"class":66},[52,107193,81],{"class":73},[52,107195,13448],{"class":77},[52,107197,81],{"class":73},[52,107199,193],{"class":66},[52,107201,87],{"class":73},[52,107203,13465],{"class":77},[52,107205,81],{"class":73},[52,107207,193],{"class":66},[52,107209,87],{"class":73},[52,107211,17591],{"class":77},[52,107213,81],{"class":73},[52,107215,135],{"class":66},[52,107217,107218,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107219,107220],{"class":58},"colors2 ",[52,107222,63],{"class":62},[52,107224,1799],{"class":66},[52,107226,81],{"class":73},[52,107228,17591],{"class":77},[52,107230,81],{"class":73},[52,107232,193],{"class":66},[52,107234,87],{"class":73},[52,107236,22662],{"class":77},[52,107238,81],{"class":73},[52,107240,193],{"class":66},[52,107242,87],{"class":73},[52,107244,13465],{"class":77},[52,107246,81],{"class":73},[52,107248,135],{"class":66},[52,107250,107251],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107252,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107254,107255,107258,107260,107263,107265,107267,107269,107272],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107256,107257],{"class":58},"common_colors ",[52,107259,63],{"class":62},[52,107261,107262],{"class":58}," colors1",[52,107264,35],{"class":66},[52,107266,106805],{"class":155},[52,107268,152],{"class":66},[52,107270,107271],{"class":155},"colors2",[52,107273,159],{"class":66},[52,107275,107276],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,107277,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107279,107280,107282,107284,107287],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107281,149],{"class":148},[52,107283,152],{"class":66},[52,107285,107286],{"class":155},"common_colors",[52,107288,159],{"class":66},[14,107290,164],{},[42,107292,107294],{"className":44,"code":107293,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[49,107295,107296],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107297,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107299,174],{"class":66},[52,107301,177],{"class":73},[52,107303,13465],{"class":77},[52,107305,177],{"class":73},[52,107307,193],{"class":66},[52,107309,186],{"class":73},[52,107311,17591],{"class":77},[52,107313,177],{"class":73},[52,107315,135],{"class":66},[14,107317,12041],{},[227,107319,107320,107326,107330,107335],{},[230,107321,107322,107325],{},[49,107323,107324],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[230,107327,107328,107325],{},[49,107329,107271],{},[230,107331,107332,107334],{},[49,107333,102953],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[230,107336,107337,107338],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[49,107339,107286],{},[37,107341,8813,107343,101320],{"id":107342},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[49,107344,102953],{},[14,107346,107347,107348,35],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[49,107349,102953],{},[14,107351,107352,107353,107355],{},"Only the values found in ",[18,107354,4112],{}," inputs will be kept.",[42,107357,107359],{"className":44,"code":107358,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[49,107360,107361,107385,107409,107429,107433,107455],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107364,2953],{"class":58},[52,107366,63],{"class":62},[52,107368,1799],{"class":66},[52,107370,1565],{"class":110},[52,107372,193],{"class":66},[52,107374,1570],{"class":110},[52,107376,193],{"class":66},[52,107378,2850],{"class":110},[52,107380,193],{"class":66},[52,107382,2856],{"class":110},[52,107384,135],{"class":66},[52,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107388,2981],{"class":58},[52,107390,63],{"class":62},[52,107392,1799],{"class":66},[52,107394,2451],{"class":110},[52,107396,193],{"class":66},[52,107398,2850],{"class":110},[52,107400,193],{"class":66},[52,107402,2856],{"class":110},[52,107404,193],{"class":66},[52,107406,5002],{"class":110},[52,107408,135],{"class":66},[52,107410,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425,107427],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107412,83345],{"class":58},[52,107414,63],{"class":62},[52,107416,1799],{"class":66},[52,107418,2457],{"class":110},[52,107420,193],{"class":66},[52,107422,2856],{"class":110},[52,107424,193],{"class":66},[52,107426,37792],{"class":110},[52,107428,135],{"class":66},[52,107430,107431],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107432,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107434,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,107436,2626],{"class":58},[52,107438,63],{"class":62},[52,107440,57044],{"class":58},[52,107442,35],{"class":66},[52,107444,106805],{"class":155},[52,107446,152],{"class":66},[52,107448,5157],{"class":155},[52,107450,193],{"class":66},[52,107452,10053],{"class":155},[52,107454,159],{"class":66},[52,107456,107457,107459,107461,107463],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107458,149],{"class":148},[52,107460,152],{"class":66},[52,107462,2661],{"class":155},[52,107464,159],{"class":66},[14,107466,164],{},[42,107468,107469],{"className":44,"code":107009,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,107470,107471],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107472,107473,107475,107477,107479,107481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107474,174],{"class":66},[52,107476,2457],{"class":110},[52,107478,193],{"class":66},[52,107480,2856],{"class":110},[52,107482,135],{"class":66},[14,107484,107485],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107487,107488],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[42,107490,107492],{"className":44,"code":107491,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[49,107493,107494,107518,107522,107562],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107495,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107497,2953],{"class":58},[52,107499,63],{"class":62},[52,107501,1799],{"class":66},[52,107503,1565],{"class":110},[52,107505,193],{"class":66},[52,107507,1570],{"class":110},[52,107509,193],{"class":66},[52,107511,2850],{"class":110},[52,107513,193],{"class":66},[52,107515,2856],{"class":110},[52,107517,135],{"class":66},[52,107519,107520],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107521,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107523,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107525,2626],{"class":58},[52,107527,63],{"class":62},[52,107529,57044],{"class":58},[52,107531,35],{"class":66},[52,107533,106805],{"class":155},[52,107535,2152],{"class":66},[52,107537,2451],{"class":110},[52,107539,193],{"class":66},[52,107541,2856],{"class":110},[52,107543,193],{"class":66},[52,107545,37792],{"class":110},[52,107547,18198],{"class":66},[52,107549,1118],{"class":66},[52,107551,1565],{"class":110},[52,107553,193],{"class":66},[52,107555,1570],{"class":110},[52,107557,193],{"class":66},[52,107559,2856],{"class":110},[52,107561,742],{"class":66},[52,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107565,149],{"class":148},[52,107567,152],{"class":66},[52,107569,2661],{"class":155},[52,107571,159],{"class":66},[14,107573,164],{},[42,107575,107577],{"className":44,"code":107576,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{2, 4}\n",[49,107578,107579],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107580,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107582,174],{"class":66},[52,107584,2451],{"class":110},[52,107586,193],{"class":66},[52,107588,2856],{"class":110},[52,107590,135],{"class":66},[37,107592,107594,10954,107596],{"id":107593},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[49,107595,102953],{},[49,107597,107598],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107600,101490],{},[487,107602,107603],{"id":106805},[49,107604,102953],{},[227,107606,107607,107609],{},[230,107608,101499],{},[230,107610,101502],{},[42,107612,107614],{"className":44,"code":107613,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[49,107615,107616,107636,107656,107660,107678,107682,107692],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107617,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107619,2953],{"class":58},[52,107621,63],{"class":62},[52,107623,1799],{"class":66},[52,107625,1565],{"class":110},[52,107627,193],{"class":66},[52,107629,1570],{"class":110},[52,107631,193],{"class":66},[52,107633,2850],{"class":110},[52,107635,135],{"class":66},[52,107637,107638,107640,107642,107644,107646,107648,107650,107652,107654],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107639,2981],{"class":58},[52,107641,63],{"class":62},[52,107643,1799],{"class":66},[52,107645,2451],{"class":110},[52,107647,193],{"class":66},[52,107649,2850],{"class":110},[52,107651,193],{"class":66},[52,107653,2856],{"class":110},[52,107655,135],{"class":66},[52,107657,107658],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107659,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107661,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674,107676],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107663,2626],{"class":58},[52,107665,63],{"class":62},[52,107667,57044],{"class":58},[52,107669,35],{"class":66},[52,107671,106805],{"class":155},[52,107673,152],{"class":66},[52,107675,5157],{"class":155},[52,107677,159],{"class":66},[52,107679,107680],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,107681,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107683,107684,107686,107688,107690],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107685,149],{"class":148},[52,107687,152],{"class":66},[52,107689,26],{"class":155},[52,107691,159],{"class":66},[52,107693,107694,107696,107698,107700],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,107695,149],{"class":148},[52,107697,152],{"class":66},[52,107699,2661],{"class":155},[52,107701,159],{"class":66},[14,107703,164],{},[42,107705,107707],{"className":44,"code":107706,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[49,107708,107709,107725],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107712,174],{"class":66},[52,107714,1565],{"class":110},[52,107716,193],{"class":66},[52,107718,1570],{"class":110},[52,107720,193],{"class":66},[52,107722,2850],{"class":110},[52,107724,135],{"class":66},[52,107726,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107728,174],{"class":66},[52,107730,2451],{"class":110},[52,107732,193],{"class":66},[52,107734,2850],{"class":110},[52,107736,135],{"class":66},[487,107738,107740],{"id":107739},"intersection_update",[49,107741,107598],{},[227,107743,107744,107746],{},[230,107745,101642],{},[230,107747,107748],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[42,107750,107752],{"className":44,"code":107751,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[49,107753,107754,107774,107794,107798,107812,107816],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107755,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107757,2953],{"class":58},[52,107759,63],{"class":62},[52,107761,1799],{"class":66},[52,107763,1565],{"class":110},[52,107765,193],{"class":66},[52,107767,1570],{"class":110},[52,107769,193],{"class":66},[52,107771,2850],{"class":110},[52,107773,135],{"class":66},[52,107775,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107777,2981],{"class":58},[52,107779,63],{"class":62},[52,107781,1799],{"class":66},[52,107783,2451],{"class":110},[52,107785,193],{"class":66},[52,107787,2850],{"class":110},[52,107789,193],{"class":66},[52,107791,2856],{"class":110},[52,107793,135],{"class":66},[52,107795,107796],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107797,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107799,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107801,26],{"class":58},[52,107803,35],{"class":66},[52,107805,107739],{"class":155},[52,107807,152],{"class":66},[52,107809,5157],{"class":155},[52,107811,159],{"class":66},[52,107813,107814],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,107815,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,107817,107818,107820,107822,107824],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,107819,149],{"class":148},[52,107821,152],{"class":66},[52,107823,26],{"class":155},[52,107825,159],{"class":66},[14,107827,164],{},[42,107829,107831],{"className":44,"code":107830,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{2, 3}\n",[49,107832,107833],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107834,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107836,174],{"class":66},[52,107838,2451],{"class":110},[52,107840,193],{"class":66},[52,107842,2850],{"class":110},[52,107844,135],{"class":66},[14,107846,107847,107848,107850],{},"Choose ",[49,107849,102953],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[37,107852,4915],{"id":4914},[14,107854,15088,107855,84],{},[49,107856,102953],{},[227,107858,107859,107862,107865,107868],{},[230,107860,107861],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[230,107863,107864],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[230,107866,107867],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[230,107869,107870,107871],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[49,107872,102953],{},[14,107874,107875],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[227,107877,107878,107883,107886,107899],{},[230,107879,8813,107880,107882],{},[49,107881,102953],{}," when order matters",[230,107884,107885],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[230,107887,37352,107888,9101,107890,30,107895],{},[49,107889,102953],{},[26,107891,107893],{"href":107892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[49,107894,102961],{},[26,107896,107897],{"href":103002},[49,107898,100576],{},[230,107900,107901],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107903,30277],{},[42,107905,107907],{"className":44,"code":107906,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[49,107908,107909,107919,107933,107951],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107910,107911,107913,107915,107917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107912,149],{"class":148},[52,107914,152],{"class":66},[52,107916,755],{"class":155},[52,107918,159],{"class":66},[52,107920,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107922,149],{"class":148},[52,107924,152],{"class":66},[52,107926,734],{"class":646},[52,107928,152],{"class":66},[52,107930,2661],{"class":155},[52,107932,742],{"class":66},[52,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,107936,149],{"class":148},[52,107938,152],{"class":66},[52,107940,100747],{"class":155},[52,107942,35],{"class":66},[52,107944,106805],{"class":155},[52,107946,152],{"class":66},[52,107948,100756],{"class":155},[52,107950,742],{"class":66},[52,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,107954,149],{"class":148},[52,107956,152],{"class":66},[52,107958,2082],{"class":148},[52,107960,152],{"class":66},[52,107962,2661],{"class":155},[52,107964,742],{"class":66},[14,107966,511],{},[42,107968,107970],{"className":44,"code":107969,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[49,107971,107972,107996,108016,108020,108038,108042,108052,108062,108076],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,107973,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992,107994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107975,4012],{"class":58},[52,107977,63],{"class":62},[52,107979,1799],{"class":66},[52,107981,1565],{"class":110},[52,107983,193],{"class":66},[52,107985,1570],{"class":110},[52,107987,193],{"class":66},[52,107989,1570],{"class":110},[52,107991,193],{"class":66},[52,107993,2850],{"class":110},[52,107995,135],{"class":66},[52,107997,107998,108000,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,107999,43701],{"class":58},[52,108001,63],{"class":62},[52,108003,1799],{"class":66},[52,108005,2451],{"class":110},[52,108007,193],{"class":66},[52,108009,2850],{"class":110},[52,108011,193],{"class":66},[52,108013,2856],{"class":110},[52,108015,135],{"class":66},[52,108017,108018],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108019,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108021,108022,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032,108034,108036],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108023,2626],{"class":58},[52,108025,63],{"class":62},[52,108027,4659],{"class":58},[52,108029,35],{"class":66},[52,108031,106805],{"class":155},[52,108033,152],{"class":66},[52,108035,30885],{"class":155},[52,108037,159],{"class":66},[52,108039,108040],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,108041,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108043,108044,108046,108048,108050],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108045,149],{"class":148},[52,108047,152],{"class":66},[52,108049,1578],{"class":155},[52,108051,159],{"class":66},[52,108053,108054,108056,108058,108060],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,108055,149],{"class":148},[52,108057,152],{"class":66},[52,108059,2661],{"class":155},[52,108061,159],{"class":66},[52,108063,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,108065,149],{"class":148},[52,108067,152],{"class":66},[52,108069,734],{"class":646},[52,108071,152],{"class":66},[52,108073,2661],{"class":155},[52,108075,742],{"class":66},[52,108077,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,108079,149],{"class":148},[52,108081,152],{"class":66},[52,108083,2082],{"class":148},[52,108085,152],{"class":66},[52,108087,2661],{"class":155},[52,108089,742],{"class":66},[14,108091,164],{},[42,108093,108095],{"className":44,"code":108094,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[49,108096,108097,108113,108125,108139],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108098,108099,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108100,174],{"class":66},[52,108102,1565],{"class":110},[52,108104,193],{"class":66},[52,108106,1570],{"class":110},[52,108108,193],{"class":66},[52,108110,2850],{"class":110},[52,108112,135],{"class":66},[52,108114,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108116,174],{"class":66},[52,108118,2451],{"class":110},[52,108120,193],{"class":66},[52,108122,2850],{"class":110},[52,108124,135],{"class":66},[52,108126,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108128,771],{"class":62},[52,108130,775],{"class":774},[52,108132,186],{"class":73},[52,108134,796],{"class":77},[52,108136,177],{"class":73},[52,108138,785],{"class":62},[52,108140,108141],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108142,2192],{"class":110},[14,108144,108145,108146,108148],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[49,108147,2451],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[37,108150,2220],{"id":2219},[487,108152,13061,108154,102901],{"id":108153},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[49,108155,102953],{},[14,108157,102904],{},[487,108159,5567,108161,108163],{"id":108160},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[49,108162,102953],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108165,108166],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[487,108168,108170],{"id":108169},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108172,108173],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[487,108175,108177],{"id":108176},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108179,108180],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[42,108182,108183],{"className":44,"code":97620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,108184,108185],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108186,108187,108189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108188,796],{"class":646},[52,108190,650],{"class":66},[37,108192,2277],{"id":2276},[227,108194,108195,108199,108206,108212],{},[230,108196,108197],{},[26,108198,96490],{"href":96489},[230,108200,108201],{},[26,108202,3969,108203,2292],{"href":107892},[49,108204,108205],{},"set.union()",[230,108207,108208],{},[26,108209,3969,108210,2292],{"href":103002},[49,108211,100581],{},[230,108213,108214],{},[26,108215,100506],{"href":105505},[2315,108217,108218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":108220},[108221,108223,108224,108225,108226,108228,108233,108234,108242],{"id":106834,"depth":70,"text":108222},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":107342,"depth":70,"text":108227},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107593,"depth":70,"text":108229,"children":108230},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108231,108232],{"id":106805,"depth":98,"text":102953},{"id":107739,"depth":98,"text":107598},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":108235},[108236,108238,108240,108241],{"id":108153,"depth":98,"text":108237},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108160,"depth":98,"text":108239},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108169,"depth":98,"text":108170},{"id":108176,"depth":98,"text":108177},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106727,"description":108243},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108250,"title":108251,"body":108252,"description":109488,"extension":2357,"meta":109489,"navigation":141,"path":109490,"seo":109491,"stem":109492,"__hash__":109493},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108253,"toc":109455},[108254,108259,108265,108274,108276,108351,108356,108371,108381,108386,108390,108403,108407,108409,108424,108426,108442,108444,108519,108523,108526,108528,108545,108550,108605,108610,108622,108626,108629,108730,108732,108773,108776,108780,108787,108789,108814,108817,108835,108842,108848,108851,108933,108940,108943,109023,109032,109035,109040,109044,109058,109107,109112,109116,109127,109176,109187,109192,109196,109208,109257,109268,109270,109274,109297,109299,109356,109358,109372,109374,109380,109386,109392,109401,109405,109412,109416,109424,109426,109452],[10,108255,96362,108257,11684],{"id":108256},"python-set-pop-method",[49,108258,13120],{},[14,108260,108261,108264],{},[49,108262,108263],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108266,108267,108268,108270,108271,108273],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[18,108269,1006],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[49,108272,13120],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[37,108275,40],{"id":39},[42,108277,108279],{"className":44,"code":108278,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[49,108280,108281,108313,108327,108331,108341],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108282,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108284,8175],{"class":58},[52,108286,63],{"class":62},[52,108288,1799],{"class":66},[52,108290,81],{"class":73},[52,108292,4474],{"class":77},[52,108294,81],{"class":73},[52,108296,193],{"class":66},[52,108298,87],{"class":73},[52,108300,4483],{"class":77},[52,108302,81],{"class":73},[52,108304,193],{"class":66},[52,108306,87],{"class":73},[52,108308,4492],{"class":77},[52,108310,81],{"class":73},[52,108312,135],{"class":66},[52,108314,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108316,70093],{"class":58},[52,108318,63],{"class":62},[52,108320,6364],{"class":58},[52,108322,35],{"class":66},[52,108324,26381],{"class":155},[52,108326,650],{"class":66},[52,108328,108329],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108330,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108332,108333,108335,108337,108339],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108334,149],{"class":148},[52,108336,152],{"class":66},[52,108338,70116],{"class":155},[52,108340,159],{"class":66},[52,108342,108343,108345,108347,108349],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,108344,149],{"class":148},[52,108346,152],{"class":66},[52,108348,8204],{"class":155},[52,108350,159],{"class":66},[14,108352,108353],{},[18,108354,108355],{},"What this does:",[227,108357,108358,108363,108368],{},[230,108359,108360,108361],{},"Removes one item from ",[49,108362,8204],{},[230,108364,108365,108366],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[49,108367,70116],{},[230,108369,108370],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108372,108373,89122,108375,108377,108378,108380],{},[18,108374,83980],{},[49,108376,108263],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[18,108379,1006],{}," chosen by index.",[37,108382,4073,108384,4076],{"id":108383},"what-setpop-does",[49,108385,108263],{},[14,108387,108388,84],{},[49,108389,108263],{},[227,108391,108392,108394,108397,108400],{},[230,108393,103204],{},[230,108395,108396],{},"Returns the removed item",[230,108398,108399],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[230,108401,108402],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108404,96486,108405,35],{},[26,108406,96490],{"href":97661},[37,108408,2553],{"id":2552},[42,108410,108412],{"className":44,"code":108411,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.pop()\n",[49,108413,108414],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108415,108416,108418,108420,108422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108417,755],{"class":58},[52,108419,35],{"class":66},[52,108421,26381],{"class":155},[52,108423,650],{"class":66},[14,108425,13407],{},[227,108427,108428,108434,108439],{},[230,108429,108430,108431],{},"The syntax is ",[49,108432,108433],{},"my_set.pop()",[230,108435,108436,108437],{},"It takes ",[18,108438,28829],{},[230,108440,108441],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108443,511],{},[42,108445,108447],{"className":44,"code":108446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[49,108448,108449,108481,108495,108499,108509],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108450,108451,108453,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108452,13431],{"class":58},[52,108454,63],{"class":62},[52,108456,1799],{"class":66},[52,108458,81],{"class":73},[52,108460,13448],{"class":77},[52,108462,81],{"class":73},[52,108464,193],{"class":66},[52,108466,87],{"class":73},[52,108468,13465],{"class":77},[52,108470,81],{"class":73},[52,108472,193],{"class":66},[52,108474,87],{"class":73},[52,108476,17591],{"class":77},[52,108478,81],{"class":73},[52,108480,135],{"class":66},[52,108482,108483,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108484,28679],{"class":58},[52,108486,63],{"class":62},[52,108488,13479],{"class":58},[52,108490,35],{"class":66},[52,108492,26381],{"class":155},[52,108494,650],{"class":66},[52,108496,108497],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108498,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108500,108501,108503,108505,108507],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108502,149],{"class":148},[52,108504,152],{"class":66},[52,108506,23449],{"class":155},[52,108508,159],{"class":66},[52,108510,108511,108513,108515,108517],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,108512,149],{"class":148},[52,108514,152],{"class":66},[52,108516,17638],{"class":155},[52,108518,159],{"class":66},[37,108520,108522],{"id":108521},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108524,108525],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108527,2501],{},[227,108529,108530,108536,108539],{},[230,108531,108532,108533,108535],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[49,108534,13120],{}," removes",[230,108537,108538],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[230,108540,108541,108542,108544],{},"You should not use ",[49,108543,13120],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108546,10831,108547,108549],{},[18,108548,1006],{}," valid:",[42,108551,108553],{"className":44,"code":108552,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[49,108554,108555,108587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108556,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108558,36386],{"class":58},[52,108560,63],{"class":62},[52,108562,1799],{"class":66},[52,108564,81],{"class":73},[52,108566,4474],{"class":77},[52,108568,81],{"class":73},[52,108570,193],{"class":66},[52,108572,87],{"class":73},[52,108574,4483],{"class":77},[52,108576,81],{"class":73},[52,108578,193],{"class":66},[52,108580,87],{"class":73},[52,108582,4492],{"class":77},[52,108584,81],{"class":73},[52,108586,135],{"class":66},[52,108588,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108590,36438],{"class":58},[52,108592,35],{"class":66},[52,108594,26381],{"class":155},[52,108596,152],{"class":66},[52,108598,81],{"class":73},[52,108600,4474],{"class":77},[52,108602,81],{"class":73},[52,108604,159],{"class":66},[14,108606,39803,108607,108609],{},[49,108608,108263],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108611,108612,108613,30,108617,35],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[26,108614,108615],{"href":98371},[49,108616,103030],{},[26,108618,108620],{"href":108619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[49,108621,103021],{},[37,108623,108625],{"id":108624},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108627,108628],{},"Here is a simple example:",[42,108630,108632],{"className":44,"code":108631,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[49,108633,108634,108668,108672,108688,108692,108711],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108635,108636,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108664,108666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108637,108638],{"class":58},"animals ",[52,108640,63],{"class":62},[52,108642,1799],{"class":66},[52,108644,81],{"class":73},[52,108646,37195],{"class":77},[52,108648,81],{"class":73},[52,108650,193],{"class":66},[52,108652,87],{"class":73},[52,108654,58284],{"class":77},[52,108656,81],{"class":73},[52,108658,193],{"class":66},[52,108660,87],{"class":73},[52,108662,108663],{"class":77},"rabbit",[52,108665,81],{"class":73},[52,108667,135],{"class":66},[52,108669,108670],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108671,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108673,108674,108677,108679,108682,108684,108686],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108675,108676],{"class":58},"removed_animal ",[52,108678,63],{"class":62},[52,108680,108681],{"class":58}," animals",[52,108683,35],{"class":66},[52,108685,26381],{"class":155},[52,108687,650],{"class":66},[52,108689,108690],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108691,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108693,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706,108709],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,108695,149],{"class":148},[52,108697,152],{"class":66},[52,108699,81],{"class":73},[52,108701,29097],{"class":77},[52,108703,81],{"class":73},[52,108705,193],{"class":66},[52,108707,108708],{"class":155}," removed_animal",[52,108710,159],{"class":66},[52,108712,108713,108715,108717,108719,108722,108724,108726,108728],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108714,149],{"class":148},[52,108716,152],{"class":66},[52,108718,81],{"class":73},[52,108720,108721],{"class":77},"Updated set:",[52,108723,81],{"class":73},[52,108725,193],{"class":66},[52,108727,108681],{"class":155},[52,108729,159],{"class":66},[14,108731,30171],{},[42,108733,108735],{"className":44,"code":108734,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[49,108736,108737,108746],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108738,108739,108741,108743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108740,29139],{"class":58},[52,108742,84],{"class":66},[52,108744,108745],{"class":58}," dog\n",[52,108747,108748,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108749,108750],{"class":58},"Updated ",[52,108752,796],{"class":646},[52,108754,84],{"class":66},[52,108756,1799],{"class":66},[52,108758,177],{"class":73},[52,108760,37195],{"class":77},[52,108762,177],{"class":73},[52,108764,193],{"class":66},[52,108766,186],{"class":73},[52,108768,108663],{"class":77},[52,108770,177],{"class":73},[52,108772,135],{"class":66},[14,108774,108775],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[37,108777,108779],{"id":108778},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108781,29791,108782,108784,108785,35],{},[49,108783,13120],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[49,108786,19824],{},[14,108788,511],{},[42,108790,108792],{"className":44,"code":108791,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[49,108793,108794,108804],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108795,108796,108798,108800,108802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108797,8175],{"class":58},[52,108799,63],{"class":62},[52,108801,719],{"class":646},[52,108803,650],{"class":66},[52,108805,108806,108808,108810,108812],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108807,8204],{"class":58},[52,108809,35],{"class":66},[52,108811,26381],{"class":155},[52,108813,650],{"class":66},[14,108815,108816],{},"This raises:",[42,108818,108820],{"className":44,"code":108819,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[49,108821,108822],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108823,108824,108826,108828,108830,108833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108825,19824],{"class":646},[52,108827,84],{"class":66},[52,108829,186],{"class":73},[52,108831,108832],{"class":77},"pop from an empty set",[52,108834,29841],{"class":73},[14,108836,108837,108838,108841],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[26,108839,108840],{"href":2309},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[487,108843,108845,108846],{"id":108844},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[49,108847,13120],{},[14,108849,108850],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[42,108852,108854],{"className":44,"code":108853,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[49,108855,108856,108866,108870,108878,108893,108912,108918],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108857,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108859,8175],{"class":58},[52,108861,63],{"class":62},[52,108863,719],{"class":646},[52,108865,650],{"class":66},[52,108867,108868],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108869,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108871,108872,108874,108876],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108873,7395],{"class":4272},[52,108875,6364],{"class":58},[52,108877,6792],{"class":66},[52,108879,108880,108883,108885,108887,108889,108891],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108881,108882],{"class":58},"    removed ",[52,108884,63],{"class":62},[52,108886,6364],{"class":58},[52,108888,35],{"class":66},[52,108890,26381],{"class":155},[52,108892,650],{"class":66},[52,108894,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907,108910],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,108896,8463],{"class":148},[52,108898,152],{"class":66},[52,108900,81],{"class":73},[52,108902,29097],{"class":77},[52,108904,81],{"class":73},[52,108906,193],{"class":66},[52,108908,108909],{"class":155}," removed",[52,108911,159],{"class":66},[52,108913,108914,108916],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,108915,27574],{"class":4272},[52,108917,6792],{"class":66},[52,108919,108920,108922,108924,108926,108929,108931],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,108921,8463],{"class":148},[52,108923,152],{"class":66},[52,108925,81],{"class":73},[52,108927,108928],{"class":77},"The set is empty.",[52,108930,81],{"class":73},[52,108932,159],{"class":66},[487,108934,340,108936,2262,108938],{"id":108935},"use-try-and-except",[49,108937,29945],{},[49,108939,29976],{},[14,108941,108942],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[42,108944,108946],{"className":44,"code":108945,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[49,108947,108948,108958,108962,108968,108982,109000,109008],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,108949,108950,108952,108954,108956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108951,8175],{"class":58},[52,108953,63],{"class":62},[52,108955,719],{"class":646},[52,108957,650],{"class":66},[52,108959,108960],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,108961,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,108963,108964,108966],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,108965,29945],{"class":4272},[52,108967,6792],{"class":66},[52,108969,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,108971,108882],{"class":58},[52,108973,63],{"class":62},[52,108975,6364],{"class":58},[52,108977,35],{"class":66},[52,108979,26381],{"class":155},[52,108981,650],{"class":66},[52,108983,108984,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,108985,8463],{"class":148},[52,108987,152],{"class":66},[52,108989,81],{"class":73},[52,108991,29097],{"class":77},[52,108993,81],{"class":73},[52,108995,193],{"class":66},[52,108997,108909],{"class":155},[52,108999,159],{"class":66},[52,109001,109002,109004,109006],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,109003,29976],{"class":4272},[52,109005,29979],{"class":646},[52,109007,6792],{"class":66},[52,109009,109010,109012,109014,109016,109019,109021],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,109011,8463],{"class":148},[52,109013,152],{"class":66},[52,109015,81],{"class":73},[52,109017,109018],{"class":77},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[52,109020,81],{"class":73},[52,109022,159],{"class":66},[37,109024,5358,109026,10954,109028,10954,109030],{"id":109025},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[49,109027,13120],{},[49,109029,55685],{},[49,109031,103016],{},[14,109033,109034],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[487,109036,340,109038],{"id":109037},"use-pop",[49,109039,13120],{},[14,109041,340,109042,10970],{},[49,109043,13120],{},[227,109045,109046,109052,109055],{},[230,109047,109048,109049],{},"You want to remove ",[18,109050,109051],{},"any one item",[230,109053,109054],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[230,109056,109057],{},"You want the removed item returned",[42,109059,109061],{"className":44,"code":109060,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[49,109062,109063,109083,109097],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109064,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109066,4012],{"class":58},[52,109068,63],{"class":62},[52,109070,1799],{"class":66},[52,109072,1565],{"class":110},[52,109074,193],{"class":66},[52,109076,1570],{"class":110},[52,109078,193],{"class":66},[52,109080,2850],{"class":110},[52,109082,135],{"class":66},[52,109084,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093,109095],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109086,2845],{"class":58},[52,109088,63],{"class":62},[52,109090,4659],{"class":58},[52,109092,35],{"class":66},[52,109094,26381],{"class":155},[52,109096,650],{"class":66},[52,109098,109099,109101,109103,109105],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109100,149],{"class":148},[52,109102,152],{"class":66},[52,109104,263],{"class":155},[52,109106,159],{"class":66},[487,109108,340,109110],{"id":109109},"use-remove",[49,109111,55685],{},[14,109113,340,109114,10970],{},[49,109115,55685],{},[227,109117,109118,109124],{},[230,109119,109120,109121],{},"You want to delete a ",[18,109122,109123],{},"specific item",[230,109125,109126],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[42,109128,109130],{"className":44,"code":109129,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,109131,109132,109152,109166],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109133,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109135,4012],{"class":58},[52,109137,63],{"class":62},[52,109139,1799],{"class":66},[52,109141,1565],{"class":110},[52,109143,193],{"class":66},[52,109145,1570],{"class":110},[52,109147,193],{"class":66},[52,109149,2850],{"class":110},[52,109151,135],{"class":66},[52,109153,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109155,1578],{"class":58},[52,109157,35],{"class":66},[52,109159,34939],{"class":155},[52,109161,152],{"class":66},[52,109163,2451],{"class":110},[52,109165,159],{"class":66},[52,109167,109168,109170,109172,109174],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109169,149],{"class":148},[52,109171,152],{"class":66},[52,109173,1578],{"class":155},[52,109175,159],{"class":66},[14,109177,109178,109179,109181,109182,109186],{},"If the item is missing, ",[49,109180,55685],{}," raises an error. See the ",[26,109183,109184,2292],{"href":98371},[49,109185,103030],{}," for details.",[487,109188,340,109190],{"id":109189},"use-discard",[49,109191,103016],{},[14,109193,340,109194,10970],{},[49,109195,103016],{},[227,109197,109198,109202],{},[230,109199,109120,109200],{},[18,109201,109123],{},[230,109203,109204,109205,109207],{},"You do ",[18,109206,1006],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[42,109209,109211],{"className":44,"code":109210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,109212,109213,109233,109247],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109214,109215,109217,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109216,4012],{"class":58},[52,109218,63],{"class":62},[52,109220,1799],{"class":66},[52,109222,1565],{"class":110},[52,109224,193],{"class":66},[52,109226,1570],{"class":110},[52,109228,193],{"class":66},[52,109230,2850],{"class":110},[52,109232,135],{"class":66},[52,109234,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109236,1578],{"class":58},[52,109238,35],{"class":66},[52,109240,103083],{"class":155},[52,109242,152],{"class":66},[52,109244,2531],{"class":110},[52,109246,159],{"class":66},[52,109248,109249,109251,109253,109255],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109250,149],{"class":148},[52,109252,152],{"class":66},[52,109254,1578],{"class":155},[52,109256,159],{"class":66},[14,109258,109259,109260,109262,109263,109267],{},"This does nothing if ",[49,109261,2531],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[26,109264,109265,2292],{"href":108619},[49,109266,103021],{}," for more examples.",[37,109269,1743],{"id":1742},[14,109271,71639,109272,84],{},[49,109273,108263],{},[227,109275,109276,109282,109287,109292],{},[230,109277,109278,109279],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[49,109280,109281],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[230,109283,8849,109284,109286],{},[49,109285,13120],{}," to remove the first or last item",[230,109288,29791,109289,109291],{},[49,109290,13120],{}," on an empty set",[230,109293,8813,109294,109296],{},[49,109295,13120],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109298,62453],{},[42,109300,109302],{"className":44,"code":109301,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[49,109303,109304,109314,109328,109342],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109305,109306,109308,109310,109312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109307,149],{"class":148},[52,109309,152],{"class":66},[52,109311,755],{"class":155},[52,109313,159],{"class":66},[52,109315,109316,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109317,149],{"class":148},[52,109319,152],{"class":66},[52,109321,2082],{"class":148},[52,109323,152],{"class":66},[52,109325,755],{"class":155},[52,109327,742],{"class":66},[52,109329,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109331,149],{"class":148},[52,109333,152],{"class":66},[52,109335,734],{"class":646},[52,109337,152],{"class":66},[52,109339,755],{"class":155},[52,109341,742],{"class":66},[52,109343,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,109345,28679],{"class":58},[52,109347,63],{"class":62},[52,109349,97086],{"class":58},[52,109351,35],{"class":66},[52,109353,26381],{"class":155},[52,109355,650],{"class":66},[14,109357,26148],{},[227,109359,109360,109363,109366,109369],{},[230,109361,109362],{},"What values are in the set",[230,109364,109365],{},"Whether the set is empty",[230,109367,109368],{},"That the object is really a set",[230,109370,109371],{},"What value was actually removed",[37,109373,2220],{"id":2219},[487,109375,13061,109377,109379],{"id":109376},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[49,109378,108263],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109381,109382,109383,109385],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[49,109384,13120],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[487,109387,109389,109390,2265],{"id":109388},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[49,109391,108263],{},[14,109393,109394,109395,109397,109398,109400],{},"No. Unlike list ",[49,109396,13120],{},", set ",[49,109399,13120],{}," does not accept an index.",[487,109402,109404],{"id":109403},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109406,71808,109407,44782,109409,109411],{},[49,109408,19824],{},[49,109410,13120],{}," is called on an empty set.",[487,109413,109415],{"id":109414},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109417,340,109418,30,109420,11456,109422,35],{},[49,109419,55685],{},[49,109421,103016],{},[49,109423,13120],{},[37,109425,2277],{"id":2276},[227,109427,109428,109432,109438,109444,109448],{},[230,109429,109430],{},[26,109431,96490],{"href":97661},[230,109433,109434],{},[26,109435,96976,109436,2292],{"href":98371},[49,109437,55685],{},[230,109439,109440],{},[26,109441,96976,109442,2292],{"href":108619},[49,109443,103016],{},[230,109445,109446],{},[26,109447,2310],{"href":2309},[230,109449,109450],{},[26,109451,55671],{"href":55223},[2315,109453,109454],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":109456},[109457,109458,109460,109461,109462,109463,109469,109478,109479,109487],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":108383,"depth":70,"text":109459},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":108521,"depth":70,"text":108522},{"id":108624,"depth":70,"text":108625},{"id":108778,"depth":70,"text":108779,"children":109464},[109465,109467],{"id":108844,"depth":98,"text":109466},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108935,"depth":98,"text":109468},"Use try and except",{"id":109025,"depth":70,"text":109470,"children":109471},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109472,109474,109476],{"id":109037,"depth":98,"text":109473},"Use pop()",{"id":109109,"depth":98,"text":109475},"Use remove()",{"id":109189,"depth":98,"text":109477},"Use discard()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":109480},[109481,109483,109485,109486],{"id":109376,"depth":98,"text":109482},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109388,"depth":98,"text":109484},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109403,"depth":98,"text":109404},{"id":109414,"depth":98,"text":109415},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108251,"description":109488},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109495,"title":109496,"body":109497,"description":110651,"extension":2357,"meta":110652,"navigation":141,"path":110653,"seo":110654,"stem":110655,"__hash__":110656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109498,"toc":110619},[109499,109504,109509,109518,109520,109585,109589,109613,109620,109625,109629,109644,109647,109649,109668,109682,109685,109733,109737,109753,109755,109828,109832,109857,109863,109871,109875,109882,109937,109942,109959,109965,109971,109976,109984,109991,109995,110003,110058,110060,110077,110081,110088,110153,110157,110190,110192,110204,110211,110213,110218,110225,110227,110296,110300,110308,110310,110374,110378,110383,110430,110435,110503,110511,110518,110521,110527,110532,110536,110538,110541,110543,110548,110553,110559,110564,110571,110579,110585,110588,110590,110616],[10,109500,96362,109502,11684],{"id":109501},"python-set-remove-method",[49,109503,55685],{},[14,109505,109506,109508],{},[49,109507,103030],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109510,109511,109512,109515,109516,35],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[18,109513,109514],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[49,109517,19824],{},[37,109519,40],{"id":39},[42,109521,109523],{"className":44,"code":109522,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[49,109524,109525,109557,109575],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109526,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109528,13431],{"class":58},[52,109530,63],{"class":62},[52,109532,1799],{"class":66},[52,109534,81],{"class":73},[52,109536,13448],{"class":77},[52,109538,81],{"class":73},[52,109540,193],{"class":66},[52,109542,87],{"class":73},[52,109544,13465],{"class":77},[52,109546,81],{"class":73},[52,109548,193],{"class":66},[52,109550,87],{"class":73},[52,109552,17591],{"class":77},[52,109554,81],{"class":73},[52,109556,135],{"class":66},[52,109558,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109560,17638],{"class":58},[52,109562,35],{"class":66},[52,109564,34939],{"class":155},[52,109566,152],{"class":66},[52,109568,81],{"class":73},[52,109570,13465],{"class":77},[52,109572,81],{"class":73},[52,109574,159],{"class":66},[52,109576,109577,109579,109581,109583],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109578,149],{"class":148},[52,109580,152],{"class":66},[52,109582,17638],{"class":155},[52,109584,159],{"class":66},[14,109586,109587],{},[18,109588,30171],{},[42,109590,109591],{"className":44,"code":103710,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,109592,109593],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109594,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109596,174],{"class":66},[52,109598,177],{"class":73},[52,109600,13448],{"class":77},[52,109602,177],{"class":73},[52,109604,193],{"class":66},[52,109606,186],{"class":73},[52,109608,17591],{"class":77},[52,109610,177],{"class":73},[52,109612,135],{"class":66},[14,109614,340,109615,109617,109618,35],{},[49,109616,55685],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[49,109619,19824],{},[37,109621,4073,109623,4076],{"id":109622},"what-setremove-does",[49,109624,103030],{},[14,109626,109627,84],{},[49,109628,103030],{},[227,109630,109631,109634,109636,109638],{},[230,109632,109633],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[230,109635,96477],{},[230,109637,96480],{},[230,109639,109640,109641,109643],{},"Raises ",[49,109642,19824],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109645,109646],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[37,109648,2553],{"id":2552},[42,109650,109652],{"className":44,"code":109651,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[49,109653,109654],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109655,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109657,755],{"class":58},[52,109659,35],{"class":66},[52,109661,34939],{"class":155},[52,109663,152],{"class":66},[52,109665,263],{"class":155},[52,109667,159],{"class":66},[227,109669,109670,109674,109679],{},[230,109671,109672,103252],{},[49,109673,755],{},[230,109675,109676,109678],{},[49,109677,263],{}," is the item to remove",[230,109680,109681],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109683,109684],{},"Here is a small example:",[42,109686,109687],{"className":44,"code":109129,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,109688,109689,109709,109723],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109690,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109692,4012],{"class":58},[52,109694,63],{"class":62},[52,109696,1799],{"class":66},[52,109698,1565],{"class":110},[52,109700,193],{"class":66},[52,109702,1570],{"class":110},[52,109704,193],{"class":66},[52,109706,2850],{"class":110},[52,109708,135],{"class":66},[52,109710,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109712,1578],{"class":58},[52,109714,35],{"class":66},[52,109716,34939],{"class":155},[52,109718,152],{"class":66},[52,109720,2451],{"class":110},[52,109722,159],{"class":66},[52,109724,109725,109727,109729,109731],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109726,149],{"class":148},[52,109728,152],{"class":66},[52,109730,1578],{"class":155},[52,109732,159],{"class":66},[14,109734,109735],{},[18,109736,30171],{},[42,109738,109739],{"className":44,"code":101460,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,109740,109741],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109742,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109744,174],{"class":66},[52,109746,1565],{"class":110},[52,109748,193],{"class":66},[52,109750,2850],{"class":110},[52,109752,135],{"class":66},[37,109754,11837],{"id":11836},[42,109756,109758],{"className":44,"code":109757,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[49,109759,109760,109792,109796,109814,109818],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109761,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109763,36386],{"class":58},[52,109765,63],{"class":62},[52,109767,1799],{"class":66},[52,109769,81],{"class":73},[52,109771,4474],{"class":77},[52,109773,81],{"class":73},[52,109775,193],{"class":66},[52,109777,87],{"class":73},[52,109779,4483],{"class":77},[52,109781,81],{"class":73},[52,109783,193],{"class":66},[52,109785,87],{"class":73},[52,109787,33364],{"class":77},[52,109789,81],{"class":73},[52,109791,135],{"class":66},[52,109793,109794],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109795,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,109797,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,109799,36438],{"class":58},[52,109801,35],{"class":66},[52,109803,34939],{"class":155},[52,109805,152],{"class":66},[52,109807,81],{"class":73},[52,109809,4483],{"class":77},[52,109811,81],{"class":73},[52,109813,159],{"class":66},[52,109815,109816],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,109817,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,109819,109820,109822,109824,109826],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,109821,149],{"class":148},[52,109823,152],{"class":66},[52,109825,36438],{"class":155},[52,109827,159],{"class":66},[14,109829,109830],{},[18,109831,30171],{},[42,109833,109835],{"className":44,"code":109834,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[49,109836,109837],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109838,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109840,174],{"class":66},[52,109842,177],{"class":73},[52,109844,4474],{"class":77},[52,109846,177],{"class":73},[52,109848,193],{"class":66},[52,109850,186],{"class":73},[52,109852,33364],{"class":77},[52,109854,177],{"class":73},[52,109856,135],{"class":66},[14,109858,109859,109860,109862],{},"This removes ",[49,109861,65433],{}," from the set.",[14,109864,109865,109866,109868,109869,35],{},"A set does ",[18,109867,1006],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[26,109870,96494],{"href":98045},[37,109872,109874],{"id":109873},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109876,109877,109878,52650,109880,35],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[49,109879,55685],{},[49,109881,19824],{},[42,109883,109885],{"className":44,"code":109884,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[49,109886,109887,109919],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109888,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109890,13431],{"class":58},[52,109892,63],{"class":62},[52,109894,1799],{"class":66},[52,109896,81],{"class":73},[52,109898,13448],{"class":77},[52,109900,81],{"class":73},[52,109902,193],{"class":66},[52,109904,87],{"class":73},[52,109906,13465],{"class":77},[52,109908,81],{"class":73},[52,109910,193],{"class":66},[52,109912,87],{"class":73},[52,109914,17591],{"class":77},[52,109916,81],{"class":73},[52,109918,135],{"class":66},[52,109920,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,109922,17638],{"class":58},[52,109924,35],{"class":66},[52,109926,34939],{"class":155},[52,109928,152],{"class":66},[52,109930,81],{"class":73},[52,109932,22662],{"class":77},[52,109934,81],{"class":73},[52,109936,159],{"class":66},[14,109938,109939],{},[18,109940,109941],{},"Result:",[42,109943,109945],{"className":44,"code":109944,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[49,109946,109947],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,109948,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109950,19824],{"class":646},[52,109952,84],{"class":66},[52,109954,186],{"class":73},[52,109956,22662],{"class":77},[52,109958,29841],{"class":73},[14,109960,22327,109961,109964],{},[49,109962,109963],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109966,109967,109968,109970],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[49,109969,55685],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109972,109973,109974,35],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[26,109975,2310],{"href":2309},[37,109977,4594,109979,109981,109982],{"id":109978},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[49,109980,55685],{}," is different from ",[49,109983,103016],{},[14,109985,109986,2262,109988,109990],{},[49,109987,55685],{},[49,109989,103016],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[487,109992,109993],{"id":34939},[49,109994,55685],{},[227,109996,109997,110000],{},[230,109998,109999],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[230,110001,110002],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[42,110004,110006],{"className":44,"code":110005,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[49,110007,110008,110040],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110009,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110011,36237],{"class":58},[52,110013,63],{"class":62},[52,110015,1799],{"class":66},[52,110017,81],{"class":73},[52,110019,26],{"class":77},[52,110021,81],{"class":73},[52,110023,193],{"class":66},[52,110025,87],{"class":73},[52,110027,5157],{"class":77},[52,110029,81],{"class":73},[52,110031,193],{"class":66},[52,110033,87],{"class":73},[52,110035,10111],{"class":77},[52,110037,81],{"class":73},[52,110039,135],{"class":66},[52,110041,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110043,36290],{"class":58},[52,110045,35],{"class":66},[52,110047,34939],{"class":155},[52,110049,152],{"class":66},[52,110051,81],{"class":73},[52,110053,18904],{"class":77},[52,110055,81],{"class":73},[52,110057,159],{"class":66},[14,110059,108816],{},[42,110061,110063],{"className":44,"code":110062,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[49,110064,110065],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110066,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110068,19824],{"class":646},[52,110070,84],{"class":66},[52,110072,186],{"class":73},[52,110074,18904],{"class":77},[52,110076,29841],{"class":73},[487,110078,110079],{"id":103083},[49,110080,103016],{},[227,110082,110083,110085],{},[230,110084,109999],{},[230,110086,110087],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[42,110089,110091],{"className":44,"code":110090,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,110092,110093,110125,110143],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110094,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110096,36237],{"class":58},[52,110098,63],{"class":62},[52,110100,1799],{"class":66},[52,110102,81],{"class":73},[52,110104,26],{"class":77},[52,110106,81],{"class":73},[52,110108,193],{"class":66},[52,110110,87],{"class":73},[52,110112,5157],{"class":77},[52,110114,81],{"class":73},[52,110116,193],{"class":66},[52,110118,87],{"class":73},[52,110120,10111],{"class":77},[52,110122,81],{"class":73},[52,110124,135],{"class":66},[52,110126,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110128,36290],{"class":58},[52,110130,35],{"class":66},[52,110132,103083],{"class":155},[52,110134,152],{"class":66},[52,110136,81],{"class":73},[52,110138,18904],{"class":77},[52,110140,81],{"class":73},[52,110142,159],{"class":66},[52,110144,110145,110147,110149,110151],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,110146,149],{"class":148},[52,110148,152],{"class":66},[52,110150,36290],{"class":155},[52,110152,159],{"class":66},[14,110154,110155],{},[18,110156,164],{},[42,110158,110160],{"className":44,"code":110159,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[49,110161,110162],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110163,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110165,174],{"class":66},[52,110167,177],{"class":73},[52,110169,26],{"class":77},[52,110171,177],{"class":73},[52,110173,193],{"class":66},[52,110175,186],{"class":73},[52,110177,5157],{"class":77},[52,110179,177],{"class":73},[52,110181,193],{"class":66},[52,110183,186],{"class":73},[52,110185,10111],{"class":77},[52,110187,177],{"class":73},[52,110189,135],{"class":66},[14,110191,18831],{},[227,110193,110194,110199],{},[230,110195,110196,110198],{},[49,110197,55685],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[230,110200,110201,110203],{},[49,110202,103016],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110205,110206,110207,35],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[26,110208,96976,110209,2292],{"href":108619},[49,110210,103016],{},[37,110212,4915],{"id":4914},[487,110214,8849,110216,97356],{"id":110215},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[49,110217,55685],{},[14,110219,110220,110222,110223,35],{},[49,110221,55685],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[49,110224,4175],{},[14,110226,1773],{},[42,110228,110230],{"className":44,"code":110229,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[49,110231,110232,110264,110286],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110233,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110235,13431],{"class":58},[52,110237,63],{"class":62},[52,110239,1799],{"class":66},[52,110241,81],{"class":73},[52,110243,13448],{"class":77},[52,110245,81],{"class":73},[52,110247,193],{"class":66},[52,110249,87],{"class":73},[52,110251,13465],{"class":77},[52,110253,81],{"class":73},[52,110255,193],{"class":66},[52,110257,87],{"class":73},[52,110259,17591],{"class":77},[52,110261,81],{"class":73},[52,110263,135],{"class":66},[52,110265,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110267,13474],{"class":58},[52,110269,63],{"class":62},[52,110271,13479],{"class":58},[52,110273,35],{"class":66},[52,110275,34939],{"class":155},[52,110277,152],{"class":66},[52,110279,81],{"class":73},[52,110281,13465],{"class":77},[52,110283,81],{"class":73},[52,110285,159],{"class":66},[52,110287,110288,110290,110292,110294],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,110289,149],{"class":148},[52,110291,152],{"class":66},[52,110293,13498],{"class":155},[52,110295,159],{"class":66},[14,110297,110298],{},[18,110299,164],{},[42,110301,110302],{"className":44,"code":12165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,110303,110304],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110305,110306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110307,12165],{"class":128},[14,110309,1785],{},[42,110311,110312],{"className":44,"code":109522,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,110313,110314,110346,110364],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110315,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110317,13431],{"class":58},[52,110319,63],{"class":62},[52,110321,1799],{"class":66},[52,110323,81],{"class":73},[52,110325,13448],{"class":77},[52,110327,81],{"class":73},[52,110329,193],{"class":66},[52,110331,87],{"class":73},[52,110333,13465],{"class":77},[52,110335,81],{"class":73},[52,110337,193],{"class":66},[52,110339,87],{"class":73},[52,110341,17591],{"class":77},[52,110343,81],{"class":73},[52,110345,135],{"class":66},[52,110347,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110349,17638],{"class":58},[52,110351,35],{"class":66},[52,110353,34939],{"class":155},[52,110355,152],{"class":66},[52,110357,81],{"class":73},[52,110359,13465],{"class":77},[52,110361,81],{"class":73},[52,110363,159],{"class":66},[52,110365,110366,110368,110370,110372],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,110367,149],{"class":148},[52,110369,152],{"class":66},[52,110371,17638],{"class":155},[52,110373,159],{"class":66},[487,110375,110377],{"id":110376},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110379,110380,110381,35],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[49,110382,19824],{},[42,110384,110386],{"className":44,"code":110385,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[49,110387,110388,110412],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110389,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110391,13431],{"class":58},[52,110393,63],{"class":62},[52,110395,1799],{"class":66},[52,110397,81],{"class":73},[52,110399,13448],{"class":77},[52,110401,81],{"class":73},[52,110403,193],{"class":66},[52,110405,87],{"class":73},[52,110407,13465],{"class":77},[52,110409,81],{"class":73},[52,110411,135],{"class":66},[52,110413,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110415,17638],{"class":58},[52,110417,35],{"class":66},[52,110419,34939],{"class":155},[52,110421,152],{"class":66},[52,110423,81],{"class":73},[52,110425,17591],{"class":77},[52,110427,81],{"class":73},[52,110429,159],{"class":66},[14,110431,110432,110433,84],{},"To check first, you can use ",[49,110434,4279],{},[42,110436,110438],{"className":44,"code":110437,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[49,110439,110440,110464,110468,110484],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110441,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460,110462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110443,13431],{"class":58},[52,110445,63],{"class":62},[52,110447,1799],{"class":66},[52,110449,81],{"class":73},[52,110451,13448],{"class":77},[52,110453,81],{"class":73},[52,110455,193],{"class":66},[52,110457,87],{"class":73},[52,110459,13465],{"class":77},[52,110461,81],{"class":73},[52,110463,135],{"class":66},[52,110465,110466],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110467,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,110469,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480,110482],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,110471,7395],{"class":4272},[52,110473,87],{"class":73},[52,110475,17591],{"class":77},[52,110477,81],{"class":73},[52,110479,21311],{"class":62},[52,110481,13479],{"class":58},[52,110483,6792],{"class":66},[52,110485,110486,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,110487,110488],{"class":58},"    colors",[52,110490,35],{"class":66},[52,110492,34939],{"class":155},[52,110494,152],{"class":66},[52,110496,81],{"class":73},[52,110498,17591],{"class":77},[52,110500,81],{"class":73},[52,110502,159],{"class":66},[14,110504,110505,110506,110510],{},"Or use ",[26,110507,110508],{"href":108619},[49,110509,103016],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[487,110512,37352,110514,9101,110516],{"id":110513},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[49,110515,103030],{},[49,110517,55231],{},[14,110519,110520],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110522,110523,110524,110526],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[49,110525,103030],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110528,110529,110530,35],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[26,110531,99240],{"href":99239},[487,110533,110535],{"id":110534},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110537,108525],{},[14,110539,110540],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[37,110542,2220],{"id":2219},[487,110544,13061,110546,97455],{"id":110545},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[49,110547,103030],{},[14,110549,110550,110551,35],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[49,110552,4175],{},[487,110554,30429,110556,110558],{"id":110555},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[49,110557,103030],{}," raise?",[14,110560,30435,110561,110563],{},[49,110562,19824],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[487,110565,21558,110567,30,110569,2265],{"id":110566},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[49,110568,55685],{},[49,110570,103016],{},[14,110572,340,110573,110575,110576,110578],{},[49,110574,55685],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[49,110577,103016],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[487,110580,5567,110582,110584],{"id":110581},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[49,110583,103030],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110586,110587],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[37,110589,2277],{"id":2276},[227,110591,110592,110598,110604,110608,110612],{},[230,110593,110594],{},[26,110595,96976,110596,2292],{"href":108619},[49,110597,103016],{},[230,110599,110600],{},[26,110601,96976,110602,2292],{"href":98376},[49,110603,13120],{},[230,110605,110606],{},[26,110607,97500],{"href":98045},[230,110609,110610],{},[26,110611,100506],{"href":99239},[230,110613,110614],{},[26,110615,2310],{"href":2309},[2315,110617,110618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":110620},[110621,110622,110624,110625,110626,110627,110632,110640,110650],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":109622,"depth":70,"text":110623},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":109873,"depth":70,"text":109874},{"id":109978,"depth":70,"text":110628,"children":110629},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110630,110631],{"id":34939,"depth":98,"text":55685},{"id":103083,"depth":98,"text":103016},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":110633},[110634,110636,110637,110639],{"id":110215,"depth":98,"text":110635},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110376,"depth":98,"text":110377},{"id":110513,"depth":98,"text":110638},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110534,"depth":98,"text":110535},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":110641},[110642,110644,110646,110648],{"id":110545,"depth":98,"text":110643},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110555,"depth":98,"text":110645},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110566,"depth":98,"text":110647},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110581,"depth":98,"text":110649},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109496,"description":110651},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110658,"title":110659,"body":110660,"description":112033,"extension":2357,"meta":112034,"navigation":141,"path":112035,"seo":112036,"stem":112037,"__hash__":112038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110661,"toc":112008},[110662,110668,110674,110677,110680,110694,110696,110777,110780,110785,110789,110803,110810,110812,110831,110834,110852,110854,110934,110936,110961,110965,110968,110976,110981,110986,110988,111001,111006,111009,111033,111036,111044,111046,111049,111146,111148,111181,111183,111209,111216,111219,111223,111231,111235,111243,111245,111335,111337,111351,111358,111363,111368,111370,111461,111463,111475,111477,111491,111497,111505,111507,111589,111591,111636,111639,111647,111650,111652,111656,111699,111701,111721,111726,111728,111813,111815,111820,111822,111829,111837,111843,111846,111848,111934,111936,111960,111964,111967,111969,111996,112006],[10,110663,96362,110665,11684],{"id":110664},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[49,110666,110667],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110669,110670,110673],{},[49,110671,110672],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110675,110676],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110678,110679],{},"Use it when:",[227,110681,110682,110685,110691],{},[230,110683,110684],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[230,110686,110687,110688,110690],{},"you do ",[18,110689,1006],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[230,110692,110693],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[37,110695,4002],{"id":4001},[42,110697,110699],{"className":44,"code":110698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[49,110700,110701,110721,110741,110745,110764],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110702,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110704,2953],{"class":58},[52,110706,63],{"class":62},[52,110708,1799],{"class":66},[52,110710,1565],{"class":110},[52,110712,193],{"class":66},[52,110714,1570],{"class":110},[52,110716,193],{"class":66},[52,110718,2850],{"class":110},[52,110720,135],{"class":66},[52,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110724,2981],{"class":58},[52,110726,63],{"class":62},[52,110728,1799],{"class":66},[52,110730,2457],{"class":110},[52,110732,193],{"class":66},[52,110734,2856],{"class":110},[52,110736,193],{"class":66},[52,110738,5002],{"class":110},[52,110740,135],{"class":66},[52,110742,110743],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,110744,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,110746,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110758,110760,110762],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,110748,2626],{"class":58},[52,110750,63],{"class":62},[52,110752,57044],{"class":58},[52,110754,35],{"class":66},[52,110756,110757],{"class":155},"symmetric_difference",[52,110759,152],{"class":66},[52,110761,5157],{"class":155},[52,110763,159],{"class":66},[52,110765,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,110767,149],{"class":148},[52,110769,152],{"class":66},[52,110771,2661],{"class":155},[52,110773,4056],{"class":66},[52,110775,110776],{"class":1017},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110778,110779],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[37,110781,4073,110783,4076],{"id":110782},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[49,110784,110667],{},[14,110786,110787,84],{},[49,110788,110672],{},[227,110790,110791,110794,110797,110800],{},[230,110792,110793],{},"returns a new set",[230,110795,110796],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[230,110798,110799],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[230,110801,110802],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110804,96486,110805,30,110807,35],{},[26,110806,96490],{"href":96489},[26,110808,110809],{"href":96493},"creating a set in Python",[37,110811,2553],{"id":2552},[42,110813,110815],{"className":44,"code":110814,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[49,110816,110817],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110818,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110820,100747],{"class":58},[52,110822,35],{"class":66},[52,110824,110757],{"class":155},[52,110826,152],{"class":66},[52,110828,100756],{"class":155},[52,110830,159],{"class":66},[14,110832,110833],{},"Notes:",[227,110835,110836,110841,110846,110849],{},[230,110837,110838,110840],{},[49,110839,100747],{}," must be a set",[230,110842,110843,110845],{},[49,110844,100756],{}," can be any iterable",[230,110847,110848],{},"the result is always a set",[230,110850,110851],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110853,511],{},[42,110855,110857],{"className":44,"code":110856,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[49,110858,110859,110880,110901,110905,110924],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110860,110861,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110862,110863],{"class":58},"set1 ",[52,110865,63],{"class":62},[52,110867,1799],{"class":66},[52,110869,1565],{"class":110},[52,110871,193],{"class":66},[52,110873,1570],{"class":110},[52,110875,193],{"class":66},[52,110877,2850],{"class":110},[52,110879,135],{"class":66},[52,110881,110882,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,110883,110884],{"class":58},"set2 ",[52,110886,63],{"class":62},[52,110888,1799],{"class":66},[52,110890,2457],{"class":110},[52,110892,193],{"class":66},[52,110894,2856],{"class":110},[52,110896,193],{"class":66},[52,110898,5002],{"class":110},[52,110900,135],{"class":66},[52,110902,110903],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,110904,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,110906,110907,110909,110911,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,110908,2626],{"class":58},[52,110910,63],{"class":62},[52,110912,110913],{"class":58}," set1",[52,110915,35],{"class":66},[52,110917,110757],{"class":155},[52,110919,152],{"class":66},[52,110921,100756],{"class":155},[52,110923,159],{"class":66},[52,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,110927,149],{"class":148},[52,110929,152],{"class":66},[52,110931,2661],{"class":155},[52,110933,159],{"class":66},[14,110935,164],{},[42,110937,110939],{"className":44,"code":110938,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[49,110940,110941],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,110942,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110944,174],{"class":66},[52,110946,1565],{"class":110},[52,110948,193],{"class":66},[52,110950,1570],{"class":110},[52,110952,193],{"class":66},[52,110954,2856],{"class":110},[52,110956,193],{"class":66},[52,110958,5002],{"class":110},[52,110960,135],{"class":66},[37,110962,110964],{"id":110963},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110966,110967],{},"The result includes:",[227,110969,110970,110973],{},[230,110971,110972],{},"items only in the first set",[230,110974,110975],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110977,110978,110979,11447],{},"The result does ",[18,110980,1006],{},[227,110982,110983],{},[230,110984,110985],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110987,5869],{},[227,110989,110990,110995],{},[230,110991,110992,110993],{},"first set: ",[49,110994,100444],{},[230,110996,110997,110998],{},"second set: ",[49,110999,111000],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,111002,4444,111003,111005],{},[49,111004,2457],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,111007,111008],{},"The output is:",[42,111010,111011],{"className":44,"code":110938,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,111012,111013],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111014,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111016,174],{"class":66},[52,111018,1565],{"class":110},[52,111020,193],{"class":66},[52,111022,1570],{"class":110},[52,111024,193],{"class":66},[52,111026,2856],{"class":110},[52,111028,193],{"class":66},[52,111030,5002],{"class":110},[52,111032,135],{"class":66},[14,111034,111035],{},"Also remember:",[227,111037,111038,111041],{},[230,111039,111040],{},"sets are unordered",[230,111042,111043],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[37,111045,11837],{"id":11836},[14,111047,111048],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[42,111050,111052],{"className":44,"code":111051,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,111053,111054,111086,111110,111114,111132,111136],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111055,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111057,107187],{"class":58},[52,111059,63],{"class":62},[52,111061,1799],{"class":66},[52,111063,81],{"class":73},[52,111065,13448],{"class":77},[52,111067,81],{"class":73},[52,111069,193],{"class":66},[52,111071,87],{"class":73},[52,111073,13465],{"class":77},[52,111075,81],{"class":73},[52,111077,193],{"class":66},[52,111079,87],{"class":73},[52,111081,17591],{"class":77},[52,111083,81],{"class":73},[52,111085,135],{"class":66},[52,111087,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111089,107220],{"class":58},[52,111091,63],{"class":62},[52,111093,1799],{"class":66},[52,111095,81],{"class":73},[52,111097,17591],{"class":77},[52,111099,81],{"class":73},[52,111101,193],{"class":66},[52,111103,87],{"class":73},[52,111105,22662],{"class":77},[52,111107,81],{"class":73},[52,111109,135],{"class":66},[52,111111,111112],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,111113,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,111115,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,111117,2626],{"class":58},[52,111119,63],{"class":62},[52,111121,107262],{"class":58},[52,111123,35],{"class":66},[52,111125,110757],{"class":155},[52,111127,152],{"class":66},[52,111129,107271],{"class":155},[52,111131,159],{"class":66},[52,111133,111134],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,111135,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,111137,111138,111140,111142,111144],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111139,149],{"class":148},[52,111141,152],{"class":66},[52,111143,2661],{"class":155},[52,111145,159],{"class":66},[14,111147,164],{},[42,111149,111151],{"className":44,"code":111150,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[49,111152,111153],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111154,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111156,174],{"class":66},[52,111158,177],{"class":73},[52,111160,13448],{"class":77},[52,111162,177],{"class":73},[52,111164,193],{"class":66},[52,111166,186],{"class":73},[52,111168,13465],{"class":77},[52,111170,177],{"class":73},[52,111172,193],{"class":66},[52,111174,186],{"class":73},[52,111176,22662],{"class":77},[52,111178,177],{"class":73},[52,111180,135],{"class":66},[14,111182,13765],{},[227,111184,111185,111190,111201],{},[230,111186,111187,111189],{},[49,111188,96655],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[230,111191,111192,2262,111194,111197,111198,111200],{},[49,111193,65551],{},[49,111195,111196],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[49,111199,107324],{},", so they stay",[230,111202,111203,111205,111206,111208],{},[49,111204,109963],{}," is only in ",[49,111207,107271],{},", so it stays",[37,111210,111212,10954,111214],{"id":111211},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[49,111213,110667],{},[49,111215,100576],{},[14,111217,111218],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111220,111221,84],{},[49,111222,100576],{},[227,111224,111225,111228],{},[230,111226,111227],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[230,111229,111230],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111232,111233,84],{},[49,111234,110667],{},[227,111236,111237,111240],{},[230,111238,111239],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[230,111241,111242],{},"removes shared items",[14,111244,511],{},[42,111246,111248],{"className":44,"code":111247,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[49,111249,111250,111270,111290,111294,111315],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111251,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111253,2953],{"class":58},[52,111255,63],{"class":62},[52,111257,1799],{"class":66},[52,111259,1565],{"class":110},[52,111261,193],{"class":66},[52,111263,1570],{"class":110},[52,111265,193],{"class":66},[52,111267,2850],{"class":110},[52,111269,135],{"class":66},[52,111271,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111273,2981],{"class":58},[52,111275,63],{"class":62},[52,111277,1799],{"class":66},[52,111279,2457],{"class":110},[52,111281,193],{"class":66},[52,111283,2856],{"class":110},[52,111285,193],{"class":66},[52,111287,5002],{"class":110},[52,111289,135],{"class":66},[52,111291,111292],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,111293,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,111295,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,111297,149],{"class":148},[52,111299,152],{"class":66},[52,111301,26],{"class":155},[52,111303,35],{"class":66},[52,111305,3211],{"class":155},[52,111307,152],{"class":66},[52,111309,5157],{"class":155},[52,111311,5758],{"class":66},[52,111313,111314],{"class":1017},"            # {1, 2}\n",[52,111316,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,111318,149],{"class":148},[52,111320,152],{"class":66},[52,111322,26],{"class":155},[52,111324,35],{"class":66},[52,111326,110757],{"class":155},[52,111328,152],{"class":66},[52,111330,5157],{"class":155},[52,111332,5758],{"class":66},[52,111334,110776],{"class":1017},[14,111336,18831],{},[227,111338,111339,111346],{},[230,111340,111341,111345],{},[26,111342,111343],{"href":103002},[49,111344,100576],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[230,111347,111348,111350],{},[49,111349,110667],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[37,111352,111354,10954,111356],{"id":111353},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[49,111355,110667],{},[49,111357,102961],{},[14,111359,111360,111362],{},[49,111361,102961],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111364,111365,111367],{},[49,111366,110667],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111369,511],{},[42,111371,111373],{"className":44,"code":111372,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[49,111374,111375,111395,111415,111419,111441],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111376,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111378,2953],{"class":58},[52,111380,63],{"class":62},[52,111382,1799],{"class":66},[52,111384,1565],{"class":110},[52,111386,193],{"class":66},[52,111388,1570],{"class":110},[52,111390,193],{"class":66},[52,111392,2850],{"class":110},[52,111394,135],{"class":66},[52,111396,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411,111413],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111398,2981],{"class":58},[52,111400,63],{"class":62},[52,111402,1799],{"class":66},[52,111404,2457],{"class":110},[52,111406,193],{"class":66},[52,111408,2856],{"class":110},[52,111410,193],{"class":66},[52,111412,5002],{"class":110},[52,111414,135],{"class":66},[52,111416,111417],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,111418,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,111420,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111432,111434,111436,111438],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,111422,149],{"class":148},[52,111424,152],{"class":66},[52,111426,26],{"class":155},[52,111428,35],{"class":66},[52,111430,111431],{"class":155},"union",[52,111433,152],{"class":66},[52,111435,5157],{"class":155},[52,111437,5758],{"class":66},[52,111439,111440],{"class":1017},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,111442,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,111444,149],{"class":148},[52,111446,152],{"class":66},[52,111448,26],{"class":155},[52,111450,35],{"class":66},[52,111452,110757],{"class":155},[52,111454,152],{"class":66},[52,111456,5157],{"class":155},[52,111458,5758],{"class":66},[52,111460,110776],{"class":1017},[14,111462,27361],{},[227,111464,111465,111470],{},[230,111466,111467,111469],{},[49,111468,102961],{}," includes everything",[230,111471,111472,111474],{},[49,111473,110667],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111476,18831],{},[227,111478,111479,111486],{},[230,111480,111481,111485],{},[26,111482,111483],{"href":107892},[49,111484,102961],{}," when overlap does not matter",[230,111487,111488,111490],{},[49,111489,110667],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[37,111492,36760,111494,101760],{"id":111493},"using-the-operator",[49,111495,111496],{},"^",[14,111498,111499,111500,111502,111503,35],{},"For sets, the ",[49,111501,111496],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[49,111504,110667],{},[14,111506,511],{},[42,111508,111510],{"className":44,"code":111509,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[49,111511,111512,111532,111552,111556,111574],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111513,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111515,110863],{"class":58},[52,111517,63],{"class":62},[52,111519,1799],{"class":66},[52,111521,1565],{"class":110},[52,111523,193],{"class":66},[52,111525,1570],{"class":110},[52,111527,193],{"class":66},[52,111529,2850],{"class":110},[52,111531,135],{"class":66},[52,111533,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111535,110884],{"class":58},[52,111537,63],{"class":62},[52,111539,1799],{"class":66},[52,111541,2457],{"class":110},[52,111543,193],{"class":66},[52,111545,2856],{"class":110},[52,111547,193],{"class":66},[52,111549,5002],{"class":110},[52,111551,135],{"class":66},[52,111553,111554],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,111555,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,111557,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,111559,149],{"class":148},[52,111561,152],{"class":66},[52,111563,100747],{"class":155},[52,111565,35],{"class":66},[52,111567,110757],{"class":155},[52,111569,152],{"class":66},[52,111571,100756],{"class":155},[52,111573,742],{"class":66},[52,111575,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111587],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,111577,149],{"class":148},[52,111579,152],{"class":66},[52,111581,110863],{"class":155},[52,111583,111496],{"class":62},[52,111585,111586],{"class":155}," set2",[52,111588,159],{"class":66},[14,111590,30171],{},[42,111592,111594],{"className":44,"code":111593,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[49,111595,111596,111616],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111597,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111599,174],{"class":66},[52,111601,1565],{"class":110},[52,111603,193],{"class":66},[52,111605,1570],{"class":110},[52,111607,193],{"class":66},[52,111609,2856],{"class":110},[52,111611,193],{"class":66},[52,111613,5002],{"class":110},[52,111615,135],{"class":66},[52,111617,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111619,174],{"class":66},[52,111621,1565],{"class":110},[52,111623,193],{"class":66},[52,111625,1570],{"class":110},[52,111627,193],{"class":66},[52,111629,2856],{"class":110},[52,111631,193],{"class":66},[52,111633,5002],{"class":110},[52,111635,135],{"class":66},[14,111637,111638],{},"Both forms:",[227,111640,111641,111644],{},[230,111642,111643],{},"return a new set",[230,111645,111646],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111648,111649],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[37,111651,4915],{"id":4914},[14,111653,21349,111654,84],{},[49,111655,110667],{},[227,111657,111658,111666,111676,111691],{},[230,111659,111660,111663,111665],{},[18,111661,111662],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10217,111664],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[230,111667,111668,111671,111673,111675],{},[18,111669,111670],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10217,111672],{},[49,111674,110667],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[230,111677,111678,111683,111685,111687,111688,111690],{},[18,111679,111680,111681],{},"Confusing it with ",[49,111682,100576],{},[10217,111684],{},[49,111686,100576],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[49,111689,110667],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[230,111692,111693,111696,111698],{},[18,111694,111695],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10217,111697],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111700,59019],{},[227,111702,111703,111712,111715,111718],{},[230,111704,50646,111705,44782,111707,111711],{},[49,111706,110667],{},[26,111708,111709],{"href":107892},[49,111710,102961],{}," is actually needed",[230,111713,111714],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[230,111716,111717],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[230,111719,111720],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111722,111723,111724,35],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[26,111725,99240],{"href":105505},[14,111727,62453],{},[42,111729,111731],{"className":44,"code":111730,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[49,111732,111733,111743,111753,111771,111785,111799],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111734,111735,111737,111739,111741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111736,149],{"class":148},[52,111738,152],{"class":66},[52,111740,100747],{"class":155},[52,111742,159],{"class":66},[52,111744,111745,111747,111749,111751],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111746,149],{"class":148},[52,111748,152],{"class":66},[52,111750,100756],{"class":155},[52,111752,159],{"class":66},[52,111754,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,111756,149],{"class":148},[52,111758,152],{"class":66},[52,111760,100747],{"class":155},[52,111762,35],{"class":66},[52,111764,110757],{"class":155},[52,111766,152],{"class":66},[52,111768,100756],{"class":155},[52,111770,742],{"class":66},[52,111772,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,111774,149],{"class":148},[52,111776,152],{"class":66},[52,111778,110863],{"class":155},[52,111780,111496],{"class":62},[52,111782,111586],{"class":155},[52,111784,159],{"class":66},[52,111786,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,111788,149],{"class":148},[52,111790,152],{"class":66},[52,111792,734],{"class":646},[52,111794,152],{"class":66},[52,111796,100747],{"class":155},[52,111798,742],{"class":66},[52,111800,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,111802,149],{"class":148},[52,111804,152],{"class":66},[52,111806,734],{"class":646},[52,111808,152],{"class":66},[52,111810,100756],{"class":155},[52,111812,742],{"class":66},[37,111814,2220],{"id":2219},[487,111816,13061,111818,102901],{"id":111817},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[49,111819,110667],{},[14,111821,102904],{},[487,111823,2259,111825,2262,111827,2265],{"id":111824},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[49,111826,110667],{},[49,111828,100576],{},[14,111830,111831,111833,111834,111836],{},[49,111832,100576],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[49,111835,110667],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[487,111838,28469,111840,111842],{"id":111839},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[49,111841,110667],{}," with lists?",[14,111844,111845],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111847,511],{},[42,111849,111851],{"className":44,"code":111850,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[49,111852,111853,111873,111893,111897,111924],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111854,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111856,80817],{"class":58},[52,111858,63],{"class":62},[52,111860,4017],{"class":66},[52,111862,1565],{"class":110},[52,111864,193],{"class":66},[52,111866,1570],{"class":110},[52,111868,193],{"class":66},[52,111870,2850],{"class":110},[52,111872,4030],{"class":66},[52,111874,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,111876,80838],{"class":58},[52,111878,63],{"class":62},[52,111880,4017],{"class":66},[52,111882,2457],{"class":110},[52,111884,193],{"class":66},[52,111886,2856],{"class":110},[52,111888,193],{"class":66},[52,111890,5002],{"class":110},[52,111892,4030],{"class":66},[52,111894,111895],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,111896,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,111898,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,111900,2626],{"class":58},[52,111902,63],{"class":62},[52,111904,719],{"class":646},[52,111906,152],{"class":66},[52,111908,111909],{"class":155},"list1",[52,111911,9028],{"class":66},[52,111913,110757],{"class":155},[52,111915,152],{"class":66},[52,111917,796],{"class":646},[52,111919,152],{"class":66},[52,111921,81104],{"class":155},[52,111923,742],{"class":66},[52,111925,111926,111928,111930,111932],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,111927,149],{"class":148},[52,111929,152],{"class":66},[52,111931,2661],{"class":155},[52,111933,159],{"class":66},[14,111935,164],{},[42,111937,111938],{"className":44,"code":110938,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,111939,111940],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,111941,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111943,174],{"class":66},[52,111945,1565],{"class":110},[52,111947,193],{"class":66},[52,111949,1570],{"class":110},[52,111951,193],{"class":66},[52,111953,2856],{"class":110},[52,111955,193],{"class":66},[52,111957,5002],{"class":110},[52,111959,135],{"class":66},[487,111961,111963],{"id":111962},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111965,111966],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[37,111968,2277],{"id":2276},[227,111970,111971,111975,111980,111986,111992],{},[230,111972,111973],{},[26,111974,96490],{"href":96489},[230,111976,111977],{},[26,111978,111979],{"href":96493},"Creating a set in Python",[230,111981,111982],{},[26,111983,96976,111984,2292],{"href":103002},[49,111985,100576],{},[230,111987,111988],{},[26,111989,96976,111990,2292],{"href":107892},[49,111991,102961],{},[230,111993,111994],{},[26,111995,100506],{"href":105505},[14,111997,111998,111999,2203,112001,2210,112003,112005],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[49,112000,100576],{},[49,112002,102961],{},[49,112004,110667],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2315,112007,57398],{},{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":112009},[112010,112011,112013,112014,112015,112016,112018,112020,112022,112023,112032],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":110782,"depth":70,"text":112012},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":110963,"depth":70,"text":110964},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":111211,"depth":70,"text":112017},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111353,"depth":70,"text":112019},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111493,"depth":70,"text":112021},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":112024},[112025,112027,112029,112031],{"id":111817,"depth":98,"text":112026},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111824,"depth":98,"text":112028},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111839,"depth":98,"text":112030},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111962,"depth":98,"text":111963},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110659,"description":112033},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112040,"title":112041,"body":112042,"description":114105,"extension":2357,"meta":114106,"navigation":141,"path":107892,"seo":114107,"stem":114108,"__hash__":114109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112043,"toc":114064},[112044,112049,112054,112057,112070,112072,112154,112159,112164,112168,112180,112183,112187,112189,112216,112218,112229,112232,112301,112303,112309,112312,112322,112324,112413,112418,112420,112427,112430,112432,112435,112555,112557,112626,112629,112646,112651,112654,112770,112772,112801,112804,112810,112815,112819,112900,112902,112930,112935,112939,113034,113036,113077,113081,113084,113151,113153,113194,113200,113215,113222,113229,113233,113239,113325,113329,113337,113408,113413,113420,113422,113428,113430,113495,113497,113513,113518,113521,113590,113594,113597,113656,113659,113663,113716,113729,113732,113785,113789,113791,113822,113825,113830,113883,113887,113890,113911,113923,113925,113978,113980,113985,113987,113993,113996,114002,114007,114011,114014,114022,114031,114033,114061],[10,112045,3969,112047,11684],{"id":112046},"python-setunion-method",[49,112048,108205],{},[14,112050,112051,112053],{},[49,112052,108205],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,112055,112056],{},"It is useful when you want:",[227,112058,112059,112062,112067],{},[230,112060,112061],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[230,112063,2953,112064,112066],{},[18,112065,100931],{}," as the result",[230,112068,112069],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[37,112071,40],{"id":39},[42,112073,112075],{"className":44,"code":112074,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[49,112076,112077,112097,112117,112121,112139,112149],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112078,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112080,110863],{"class":58},[52,112082,63],{"class":62},[52,112084,1799],{"class":66},[52,112086,1565],{"class":110},[52,112088,193],{"class":66},[52,112090,1570],{"class":110},[52,112092,193],{"class":66},[52,112094,2850],{"class":110},[52,112096,135],{"class":66},[52,112098,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112100,110884],{"class":58},[52,112102,63],{"class":62},[52,112104,1799],{"class":66},[52,112106,2457],{"class":110},[52,112108,193],{"class":66},[52,112110,2856],{"class":110},[52,112112,193],{"class":66},[52,112114,5002],{"class":110},[52,112116,135],{"class":66},[52,112118,112119],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,112120,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112122,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,112124,2626],{"class":58},[52,112126,63],{"class":62},[52,112128,110913],{"class":58},[52,112130,35],{"class":66},[52,112132,111431],{"class":155},[52,112134,152],{"class":66},[52,112136,100756],{"class":155},[52,112138,159],{"class":66},[52,112140,112141,112143,112145,112147],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,112142,149],{"class":148},[52,112144,152],{"class":66},[52,112146,2661],{"class":155},[52,112148,159],{"class":66},[52,112150,112151],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112152,112153],{"class":1017},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112155,112156,112158],{},[49,112157,102961],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[37,112160,4073,112162,4076],{"id":112161},"what-setunion-does",[49,112163,108205],{},[14,112165,112166,84],{},[49,112167,108205],{},[227,112169,112170,112173,112176,112178],{},[230,112171,112172],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[230,112174,112175],{},"keeps only unique values",[230,112177,110793],{},[230,112179,110802],{},[14,112181,112182],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112184,96486,112185,35],{},[26,112186,96490],{"href":97661},[37,112188,2553],{"id":2552},[42,112190,112192],{"className":44,"code":112191,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[49,112193,112194],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112195,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112197,100747],{"class":58},[52,112199,35],{"class":66},[52,112201,111431],{"class":155},[52,112203,152],{"class":66},[52,112205,100756],{"class":155},[52,112207,193],{"class":66},[52,112209,100783],{"class":155},[52,112211,193],{"class":66},[52,112213,34598],{"class":148},[52,112215,159],{"class":66},[14,112217,13407],{},[227,112219,112220,112223,112226],{},[230,112221,112222],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[230,112224,112225],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[230,112227,112228],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112230,112231],{},"Example with two sets:",[42,112233,112235],{"className":44,"code":112234,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[49,112236,112237,112253,112269,112273,112291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112238,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112240,2953],{"class":58},[52,112242,63],{"class":62},[52,112244,1799],{"class":66},[52,112246,1565],{"class":110},[52,112248,193],{"class":66},[52,112250,1570],{"class":110},[52,112252,135],{"class":66},[52,112254,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112256,2981],{"class":58},[52,112258,63],{"class":62},[52,112260,1799],{"class":66},[52,112262,2451],{"class":110},[52,112264,193],{"class":66},[52,112266,2850],{"class":110},[52,112268,135],{"class":66},[52,112270,112271],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,112272,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112274,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,112276,2626],{"class":58},[52,112278,63],{"class":62},[52,112280,57044],{"class":58},[52,112282,35],{"class":66},[52,112284,111431],{"class":155},[52,112286,152],{"class":66},[52,112288,5157],{"class":155},[52,112290,159],{"class":66},[52,112292,112293,112295,112297,112299],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,112294,149],{"class":148},[52,112296,152],{"class":66},[52,112298,2661],{"class":155},[52,112300,159],{"class":66},[37,112302,22108],{"id":22107},[14,112304,112305,100928,112307,35],{},[49,112306,108205],{},[18,112308,100931],{},[14,112310,112311],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[227,112313,112314,112317],{},[230,112315,112316],{},"the original set",[230,112318,112319,112320],{},"all arguments passed to ",[49,112321,102961],{},[14,112323,511],{},[42,112325,112327],{"className":44,"code":112326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[49,112328,112329,112345,112361,112365,112383,112387,112400],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112330,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112332,2953],{"class":58},[52,112334,63],{"class":62},[52,112336,1799],{"class":66},[52,112338,1565],{"class":110},[52,112340,193],{"class":66},[52,112342,1570],{"class":110},[52,112344,135],{"class":66},[52,112346,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112348,2981],{"class":58},[52,112350,63],{"class":62},[52,112352,1799],{"class":66},[52,112354,2451],{"class":110},[52,112356,193],{"class":66},[52,112358,2850],{"class":110},[52,112360,135],{"class":66},[52,112362,112363],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,112364,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112366,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,112368,2626],{"class":58},[52,112370,63],{"class":62},[52,112372,57044],{"class":58},[52,112374,35],{"class":66},[52,112376,111431],{"class":155},[52,112378,152],{"class":66},[52,112380,5157],{"class":155},[52,112382,159],{"class":66},[52,112384,112385],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,112386,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112388,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112390,149],{"class":148},[52,112392,152],{"class":66},[52,112394,2661],{"class":155},[52,112396,4056],{"class":66},[52,112398,112399],{"class":1017},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,112401,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,112403,149],{"class":148},[52,112405,152],{"class":66},[52,112407,26],{"class":155},[52,112409,4056],{"class":66},[52,112411,112412],{"class":1017},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112414,2683,112415,112417],{},[49,112416,26],{}," did not change.",[14,112419,111035],{},[227,112421,112422,112424],{},[230,112423,111040],{},[230,112425,112426],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112428,112429],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[37,112431,11837],{"id":11836},[14,112433,112434],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[42,112436,112438],{"className":44,"code":112437,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[49,112439,112440,112473,112506,112510,112530,112534,112544],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112441,112442,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112443,112444],{"class":58},"fruits1 ",[52,112446,63],{"class":62},[52,112448,1799],{"class":66},[52,112450,81],{"class":73},[52,112452,4474],{"class":77},[52,112454,81],{"class":73},[52,112456,193],{"class":66},[52,112458,87],{"class":73},[52,112460,4483],{"class":77},[52,112462,81],{"class":73},[52,112464,193],{"class":66},[52,112466,87],{"class":73},[52,112468,33364],{"class":77},[52,112470,81],{"class":73},[52,112472,135],{"class":66},[52,112474,112475,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112476,112477],{"class":58},"fruits2 ",[52,112479,63],{"class":62},[52,112481,1799],{"class":66},[52,112483,81],{"class":73},[52,112485,4483],{"class":77},[52,112487,81],{"class":73},[52,112489,193],{"class":66},[52,112491,87],{"class":73},[52,112493,22671],{"class":77},[52,112495,81],{"class":73},[52,112497,193],{"class":66},[52,112499,87],{"class":73},[52,112501,33364],{"class":77},[52,112503,81],{"class":73},[52,112505,135],{"class":66},[52,112507,112508],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,112509,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112511,112512,112514,112516,112519,112521,112523,112525,112528],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,112513,2626],{"class":58},[52,112515,63],{"class":62},[52,112517,112518],{"class":58}," fruits1",[52,112520,35],{"class":66},[52,112522,111431],{"class":155},[52,112524,152],{"class":66},[52,112526,112527],{"class":155},"fruits2",[52,112529,159],{"class":66},[52,112531,112532],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,112533,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112535,112536,112538,112540,112542],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112537,149],{"class":148},[52,112539,152],{"class":66},[52,112541,2661],{"class":155},[52,112543,159],{"class":66},[52,112545,112546,112548,112550,112553],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,112547,149],{"class":148},[52,112549,152],{"class":66},[52,112551,112552],{"class":155},"fruits1",[52,112554,159],{"class":66},[14,112556,30171],{},[42,112558,112560],{"className":44,"code":112559,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[49,112561,112562,112598],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112563,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112565,174],{"class":66},[52,112567,177],{"class":73},[52,112569,4483],{"class":77},[52,112571,177],{"class":73},[52,112573,193],{"class":66},[52,112575,186],{"class":73},[52,112577,33364],{"class":77},[52,112579,177],{"class":73},[52,112581,193],{"class":66},[52,112583,186],{"class":73},[52,112585,4474],{"class":77},[52,112587,177],{"class":73},[52,112589,193],{"class":66},[52,112591,186],{"class":73},[52,112593,22671],{"class":77},[52,112595,177],{"class":73},[52,112597,135],{"class":66},[52,112599,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112601,174],{"class":66},[52,112603,177],{"class":73},[52,112605,4483],{"class":77},[52,112607,177],{"class":73},[52,112609,193],{"class":66},[52,112611,186],{"class":73},[52,112613,33364],{"class":77},[52,112615,177],{"class":73},[52,112617,193],{"class":66},[52,112619,186],{"class":73},[52,112621,4474],{"class":77},[52,112623,177],{"class":73},[52,112625,135],{"class":66},[14,112627,112628],{},"What this shows:",[227,112630,112631,112638,112641],{},[230,112632,112633,2262,112635,112637],{},[49,112634,65433],{},[49,112636,65860],{}," appear in both sets",[230,112639,112640],{},"they appear only once in the result",[230,112642,112643,112645],{},[49,112644,112552],{}," stays unchanged",[37,112647,8813,112649,101320],{"id":112648},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[49,112650,102961],{},[14,112652,112653],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[42,112655,112657],{"className":44,"code":112656,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,112658,112659,112675,112691,112708,112725,112729,112756,112760],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112660,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112662,110863],{"class":58},[52,112664,63],{"class":62},[52,112666,1799],{"class":66},[52,112668,1565],{"class":110},[52,112670,193],{"class":66},[52,112672,1570],{"class":110},[52,112674,135],{"class":66},[52,112676,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112678,110884],{"class":58},[52,112680,63],{"class":62},[52,112682,1799],{"class":66},[52,112684,2451],{"class":110},[52,112686,193],{"class":66},[52,112688,2850],{"class":110},[52,112690,135],{"class":66},[52,112692,112693,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,112694,112695],{"class":58},"set3 ",[52,112697,63],{"class":62},[52,112699,1799],{"class":66},[52,112701,2457],{"class":110},[52,112703,193],{"class":66},[52,112705,2856],{"class":110},[52,112707,135],{"class":66},[52,112709,112710,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,112711,112712],{"class":58},"set4 ",[52,112714,63],{"class":62},[52,112716,1799],{"class":66},[52,112718,2903],{"class":110},[52,112720,193],{"class":66},[52,112722,5002],{"class":110},[52,112724,135],{"class":66},[52,112726,112727],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,112728,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112730,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112754],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,112732,2626],{"class":58},[52,112734,63],{"class":62},[52,112736,110913],{"class":58},[52,112738,35],{"class":66},[52,112740,111431],{"class":155},[52,112742,152],{"class":66},[52,112744,100756],{"class":155},[52,112746,193],{"class":66},[52,112748,100783],{"class":155},[52,112750,193],{"class":66},[52,112752,112753],{"class":155}," set4",[52,112755,159],{"class":66},[52,112757,112758],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,112759,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112761,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,112763,149],{"class":148},[52,112765,152],{"class":66},[52,112767,2661],{"class":155},[52,112769,159],{"class":66},[14,112771,30171],{},[42,112773,112775],{"className":44,"code":112774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[49,112776,112777],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112778,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112780,174],{"class":66},[52,112782,1565],{"class":110},[52,112784,193],{"class":66},[52,112786,1570],{"class":110},[52,112788,193],{"class":66},[52,112790,2850],{"class":110},[52,112792,193],{"class":66},[52,112794,2856],{"class":110},[52,112796,193],{"class":66},[52,112798,5002],{"class":110},[52,112800,135],{"class":66},[14,112802,112803],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[37,112805,8813,112807,112809],{"id":112806},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[49,112808,102961],{}," with other iterables",[14,112811,112812,112814],{},[49,112813,102961],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[487,112816,112818],{"id":112817},"with-a-list","With a list",[42,112820,112822],{"className":44,"code":112821,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[49,112823,112824,112844,112868,112872,112890],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112825,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112827,4012],{"class":58},[52,112829,63],{"class":62},[52,112831,1799],{"class":66},[52,112833,1565],{"class":110},[52,112835,193],{"class":66},[52,112837,1570],{"class":110},[52,112839,193],{"class":66},[52,112841,2850],{"class":110},[52,112843,135],{"class":66},[52,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112847,61205],{"class":58},[52,112849,63],{"class":62},[52,112851,4017],{"class":66},[52,112853,2457],{"class":110},[52,112855,193],{"class":66},[52,112857,2856],{"class":110},[52,112859,193],{"class":66},[52,112861,5002],{"class":110},[52,112863,193],{"class":66},[52,112865,5002],{"class":110},[52,112867,4030],{"class":66},[52,112869,112870],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,112871,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,112873,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,112875,2626],{"class":58},[52,112877,63],{"class":62},[52,112879,4659],{"class":58},[52,112881,35],{"class":66},[52,112883,111431],{"class":155},[52,112885,152],{"class":66},[52,112887,61234],{"class":155},[52,112889,159],{"class":66},[52,112891,112892,112894,112896,112898],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,112893,149],{"class":148},[52,112895,152],{"class":66},[52,112897,2661],{"class":155},[52,112899,159],{"class":66},[14,112901,30171],{},[42,112903,112904],{"className":44,"code":112774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,112905,112906],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112907,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112909,174],{"class":66},[52,112911,1565],{"class":110},[52,112913,193],{"class":66},[52,112915,1570],{"class":110},[52,112917,193],{"class":66},[52,112919,2850],{"class":110},[52,112921,193],{"class":66},[52,112923,2856],{"class":110},[52,112925,193],{"class":66},[52,112927,5002],{"class":110},[52,112929,135],{"class":66},[14,112931,21115,112932,112934],{},[49,112933,2531],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[487,112936,112938],{"id":112937},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[42,112940,112942],{"className":44,"code":112941,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[49,112943,112944,112968,113001,113005,113024],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,112945,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112947,36237],{"class":58},[52,112949,63],{"class":62},[52,112951,1799],{"class":66},[52,112953,81],{"class":73},[52,112955,26],{"class":77},[52,112957,81],{"class":73},[52,112959,193],{"class":66},[52,112961,87],{"class":73},[52,112963,5157],{"class":77},[52,112965,81],{"class":73},[52,112967,135],{"class":66},[52,112969,112970,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,112971,112972],{"class":58},"more_letters ",[52,112974,63],{"class":62},[52,112976,1118],{"class":66},[52,112978,81],{"class":73},[52,112980,5157],{"class":77},[52,112982,81],{"class":73},[52,112984,193],{"class":66},[52,112986,87],{"class":73},[52,112988,10111],{"class":77},[52,112990,81],{"class":73},[52,112992,193],{"class":66},[52,112994,87],{"class":73},[52,112996,18904],{"class":77},[52,112998,81],{"class":73},[52,113000,159],{"class":66},[52,113002,113003],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113004,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113006,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113022],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113008,2626],{"class":58},[52,113010,63],{"class":62},[52,113012,70255],{"class":58},[52,113014,35],{"class":66},[52,113016,111431],{"class":155},[52,113018,152],{"class":66},[52,113020,113021],{"class":155},"more_letters",[52,113023,159],{"class":66},[52,113025,113026,113028,113030,113032],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,113027,149],{"class":148},[52,113029,152],{"class":66},[52,113031,2661],{"class":155},[52,113033,159],{"class":66},[14,113035,30171],{},[42,113037,113039],{"className":44,"code":113038,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[49,113040,113041],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113042,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113044,174],{"class":66},[52,113046,177],{"class":73},[52,113048,26],{"class":77},[52,113050,177],{"class":73},[52,113052,193],{"class":66},[52,113054,186],{"class":73},[52,113056,5157],{"class":77},[52,113058,177],{"class":73},[52,113060,193],{"class":66},[52,113062,186],{"class":73},[52,113064,10111],{"class":77},[52,113066,177],{"class":73},[52,113068,193],{"class":66},[52,113070,186],{"class":73},[52,113072,18904],{"class":77},[52,113074,177],{"class":73},[52,113076,135],{"class":66},[487,113078,113080],{"id":113079},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,113082,113083],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[42,113085,113087],{"className":44,"code":113086,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,113088,113089,113114,113137,113141],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113090,113091,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113092,113093],{"class":58},"chars ",[52,113095,63],{"class":62},[52,113097,1799],{"class":66},[52,113099,81],{"class":73},[52,113101,26],{"class":77},[52,113103,81],{"class":73},[52,113105,193],{"class":66},[52,113107,87],{"class":73},[52,113109,5157],{"class":77},[52,113111,81],{"class":73},[52,113113,135],{"class":66},[52,113115,113116,113118,113120,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133,113135],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113117,2626],{"class":58},[52,113119,63],{"class":62},[52,113121,113122],{"class":58}," chars",[52,113124,35],{"class":66},[52,113126,111431],{"class":155},[52,113128,152],{"class":66},[52,113130,81],{"class":73},[52,113132,37195],{"class":77},[52,113134,81],{"class":73},[52,113136,159],{"class":66},[52,113138,113139],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113140,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113142,113143,113145,113147,113149],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113144,149],{"class":148},[52,113146,152],{"class":66},[52,113148,2661],{"class":155},[52,113150,159],{"class":66},[14,113152,30171],{},[42,113154,113156],{"className":44,"code":113155,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[49,113157,113158],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113159,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113161,174],{"class":66},[52,113163,177],{"class":73},[52,113165,26],{"class":77},[52,113167,177],{"class":73},[52,113169,193],{"class":66},[52,113171,186],{"class":73},[52,113173,5157],{"class":77},[52,113175,177],{"class":73},[52,113177,193],{"class":66},[52,113179,186],{"class":73},[52,113181,10111],{"class":77},[52,113183,177],{"class":73},[52,113185,193],{"class":66},[52,113187,186],{"class":73},[52,113189,63445],{"class":77},[52,113191,177],{"class":73},[52,113193,135],{"class":66},[14,113195,22327,113196,113199],{},[49,113197,113198],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[227,113201,113202,113206,113210],{},[230,113203,113204],{},[49,113205,66640],{},[230,113207,113208],{},[49,113209,18232],{},[230,113211,113212],{},[49,113213,113214],{},"\"t\"",[37,113216,113218,10954,113220],{"id":113217},"union-vs-update",[49,113219,102961],{},[49,113221,15308],{},[14,113223,113224,2262,113226,113228],{},[49,113225,102961],{},[49,113227,15308],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[487,113230,113231],{"id":111431},[49,113232,102961],{},[227,113234,113235,113237],{},[230,113236,110793],{},[230,113238,110802],{},[42,113240,113241],{"className":44,"code":112326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,113242,113243,113259,113275,113279,113297,113301,113313],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113244,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113246,2953],{"class":58},[52,113248,63],{"class":62},[52,113250,1799],{"class":66},[52,113252,1565],{"class":110},[52,113254,193],{"class":66},[52,113256,1570],{"class":110},[52,113258,135],{"class":66},[52,113260,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113262,2981],{"class":58},[52,113264,63],{"class":62},[52,113266,1799],{"class":66},[52,113268,2451],{"class":110},[52,113270,193],{"class":66},[52,113272,2850],{"class":110},[52,113274,135],{"class":66},[52,113276,113277],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113278,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113280,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113282,2626],{"class":58},[52,113284,63],{"class":62},[52,113286,57044],{"class":58},[52,113288,35],{"class":66},[52,113290,111431],{"class":155},[52,113292,152],{"class":66},[52,113294,5157],{"class":155},[52,113296,159],{"class":66},[52,113298,113299],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,113300,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113302,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113304,149],{"class":148},[52,113306,152],{"class":66},[52,113308,2661],{"class":155},[52,113310,4056],{"class":66},[52,113312,112399],{"class":1017},[52,113314,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,113316,149],{"class":148},[52,113318,152],{"class":66},[52,113320,26],{"class":155},[52,113322,4056],{"class":66},[52,113324,112412],{"class":1017},[487,113326,113327],{"id":30606},[49,113328,15308],{},[227,113330,113331,113334],{},[230,113332,113333],{},"changes the existing set in place",[230,113335,113336],{},"does not create a separate result set",[42,113338,113340],{"className":44,"code":113339,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,113341,113342,113358,113374,113378,113392,113396],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113343,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113345,2953],{"class":58},[52,113347,63],{"class":62},[52,113349,1799],{"class":66},[52,113351,1565],{"class":110},[52,113353,193],{"class":66},[52,113355,1570],{"class":110},[52,113357,135],{"class":66},[52,113359,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113361,2981],{"class":58},[52,113363,63],{"class":62},[52,113365,1799],{"class":66},[52,113367,2451],{"class":110},[52,113369,193],{"class":66},[52,113371,2850],{"class":110},[52,113373,135],{"class":66},[52,113375,113376],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113377,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113379,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113381,26],{"class":58},[52,113383,35],{"class":66},[52,113385,30606],{"class":155},[52,113387,152],{"class":66},[52,113389,5157],{"class":155},[52,113391,159],{"class":66},[52,113393,113394],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,113395,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,113399,149],{"class":148},[52,113401,152],{"class":66},[52,113403,26],{"class":155},[52,113405,4056],{"class":66},[52,113407,112399],{"class":1017},[14,113409,340,113410,113412],{},[49,113411,102961],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113414,113415,113416,35],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[26,113417,3969,113418,2292],{"href":98681},[49,113419,97476],{},[37,113421,4915],{"id":4914},[487,113423,8849,113425,113427],{"id":113424},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[49,113426,102961],{}," to change the original set",[14,113429,81986],{},[42,113431,113433],{"className":44,"code":113432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[49,113434,113435,113451,113467,113471,113485],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113438,2953],{"class":58},[52,113440,63],{"class":62},[52,113442,1799],{"class":66},[52,113444,1565],{"class":110},[52,113446,193],{"class":66},[52,113448,1570],{"class":110},[52,113450,135],{"class":66},[52,113452,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113454,2981],{"class":58},[52,113456,63],{"class":62},[52,113458,1799],{"class":66},[52,113460,2451],{"class":110},[52,113462,193],{"class":66},[52,113464,2850],{"class":110},[52,113466,135],{"class":66},[52,113468,113469],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113470,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113472,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113474,26],{"class":58},[52,113476,35],{"class":66},[52,113478,111431],{"class":155},[52,113480,152],{"class":66},[52,113482,5157],{"class":155},[52,113484,159],{"class":66},[52,113486,113487,113489,113491,113493],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,113488,149],{"class":148},[52,113490,152],{"class":66},[52,113492,26],{"class":155},[52,113494,159],{"class":66},[14,113496,164],{},[42,113498,113499],{"className":44,"code":100669,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,113500,113501],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113502,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113504,174],{"class":66},[52,113506,1565],{"class":110},[52,113508,193],{"class":66},[52,113510,1570],{"class":110},[52,113512,135],{"class":66},[14,113514,8892,113515,113517],{},[49,113516,102961],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113519,113520],{},"Fix it like this:",[42,113522,113524],{"className":44,"code":113523,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[49,113525,113526,113542,113558,113562,113580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113527,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113529,2953],{"class":58},[52,113531,63],{"class":62},[52,113533,1799],{"class":66},[52,113535,1565],{"class":110},[52,113537,193],{"class":66},[52,113539,1570],{"class":110},[52,113541,135],{"class":66},[52,113543,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113545,2981],{"class":58},[52,113547,63],{"class":62},[52,113549,1799],{"class":66},[52,113551,2451],{"class":110},[52,113553,193],{"class":66},[52,113555,2850],{"class":110},[52,113557,135],{"class":66},[52,113559,113560],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113561,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113563,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113565,2953],{"class":58},[52,113567,63],{"class":62},[52,113569,57044],{"class":58},[52,113571,35],{"class":66},[52,113573,111431],{"class":155},[52,113575,152],{"class":66},[52,113577,5157],{"class":155},[52,113579,159],{"class":66},[52,113581,113582,113584,113586,113588],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,113583,149],{"class":148},[52,113585,152],{"class":66},[52,113587,26],{"class":155},[52,113589,159],{"class":66},[487,113591,113593],{"id":113592},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113595,113596],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[42,113598,113600],{"className":44,"code":113599,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[49,113601,113602,113618,113634,113638],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113603,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113605,2953],{"class":58},[52,113607,63],{"class":62},[52,113609,1799],{"class":66},[52,113611,2457],{"class":110},[52,113613,193],{"class":66},[52,113615,5895],{"class":110},[52,113617,135],{"class":66},[52,113619,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113621,2981],{"class":58},[52,113623,63],{"class":62},[52,113625,1799],{"class":66},[52,113627,2451],{"class":110},[52,113629,193],{"class":66},[52,113631,2856],{"class":110},[52,113633,135],{"class":66},[52,113635,113636],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113637,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,113639,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113641,149],{"class":148},[52,113643,152],{"class":66},[52,113645,26],{"class":155},[52,113647,35],{"class":66},[52,113649,111431],{"class":155},[52,113651,152],{"class":66},[52,113653,5157],{"class":155},[52,113655,742],{"class":66},[14,113657,113658],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[487,113660,113662],{"id":113661},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[42,113664,113666],{"className":44,"code":113665,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[49,113667,113668,113684,113706],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113669,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678,113680,113682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113671,4465],{"class":58},[52,113673,63],{"class":62},[52,113675,1799],{"class":66},[52,113677,81],{"class":73},[52,113679,58284],{"class":77},[52,113681,81],{"class":73},[52,113683,135],{"class":66},[52,113685,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702,113704],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113687,2626],{"class":58},[52,113689,63],{"class":62},[52,113691,6567],{"class":58},[52,113693,35],{"class":66},[52,113695,111431],{"class":155},[52,113697,152],{"class":66},[52,113699,81],{"class":73},[52,113701,37195],{"class":77},[52,113703,81],{"class":73},[52,113705,159],{"class":66},[52,113707,113708,113710,113712,113714],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113709,149],{"class":148},[52,113711,152],{"class":66},[52,113713,2661],{"class":155},[52,113715,159],{"class":66},[14,113717,113718,113719,2203,113721,2210,113723,113725,113726,113728],{},"This adds ",[49,113720,66640],{},[49,113722,18232],{},[49,113724,113214],{}," as separate items, not ",[49,113727,113198],{}," as one item.",[14,113730,113731],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[42,113733,113735],{"className":44,"code":113734,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[49,113736,113737,113753,113775],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113738,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113740,4465],{"class":58},[52,113742,63],{"class":62},[52,113744,1799],{"class":66},[52,113746,81],{"class":73},[52,113748,58284],{"class":77},[52,113750,81],{"class":73},[52,113752,135],{"class":66},[52,113754,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113756,2626],{"class":58},[52,113758,63],{"class":62},[52,113760,6567],{"class":58},[52,113762,35],{"class":66},[52,113764,111431],{"class":155},[52,113766,2152],{"class":66},[52,113768,81],{"class":73},[52,113770,37195],{"class":77},[52,113772,81],{"class":73},[52,113774,1718],{"class":66},[52,113776,113777,113779,113781,113783],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113778,149],{"class":148},[52,113780,152],{"class":66},[52,113782,2661],{"class":155},[52,113784,159],{"class":66},[487,113786,113788],{"id":113787},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113790,3235],{},[42,113792,113794],{"className":44,"code":113793,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[49,113795,113796],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113797,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113799,714],{"class":58},[52,113801,63],{"class":62},[52,113803,1799],{"class":66},[52,113805,1565],{"class":110},[52,113807,193],{"class":66},[52,113809,1570],{"class":110},[52,113811,193],{"class":66},[52,113813,4017],{"class":66},[52,113815,2457],{"class":110},[52,113817,193],{"class":66},[52,113819,2856],{"class":110},[52,113821,14061],{"class":66},[14,113823,113824],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113826,113827,113828,84],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[49,113829,102961],{},[42,113831,113833],{"className":44,"code":113832,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[49,113834,113835,113851,113873],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113836,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847,113849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113838,714],{"class":58},[52,113840,63],{"class":62},[52,113842,1799],{"class":66},[52,113844,1565],{"class":110},[52,113846,193],{"class":66},[52,113848,1570],{"class":110},[52,113850,135],{"class":66},[52,113852,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113854,2626],{"class":58},[52,113856,63],{"class":62},[52,113858,97086],{"class":58},[52,113860,35],{"class":66},[52,113862,111431],{"class":155},[52,113864,2152],{"class":66},[52,113866,2457],{"class":110},[52,113868,193],{"class":66},[52,113870,2856],{"class":110},[52,113872,1718],{"class":66},[52,113874,113875,113877,113879,113881],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113876,149],{"class":148},[52,113878,152],{"class":66},[52,113880,2661],{"class":155},[52,113882,159],{"class":66},[37,113884,113886],{"id":113885},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113888,113889],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[227,113891,113892,113898,113905,113908],{},[230,113893,113894,113895,113897],{},"call ",[49,113896,102961],{}," without saving the returned set",[230,113899,113900,113901,9101,113903],{},"confuse ",[49,113902,102961],{},[49,113904,15308],{},[230,113906,113907],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[230,113909,113910],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113912,113913,113914,2262,113918,35],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[26,113915,3969,113916,2292],{"href":102950},[49,113917,106735],{},[26,113919,3969,113921,2292],{"href":113920},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[49,113922,100581],{},[14,113924,62453],{},[42,113926,113928],{"className":44,"code":113927,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[49,113929,113930,113940,113954,113964],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,113931,113932,113934,113936,113938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113933,149],{"class":148},[52,113935,152],{"class":66},[52,113937,755],{"class":155},[52,113939,159],{"class":66},[52,113941,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,113943,149],{"class":148},[52,113945,152],{"class":66},[52,113947,734],{"class":646},[52,113949,152],{"class":66},[52,113951,755],{"class":155},[52,113953,742],{"class":66},[52,113955,113956,113958,113960,113962],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,113957,149],{"class":148},[52,113959,152],{"class":66},[52,113961,2661],{"class":155},[52,113963,159],{"class":66},[52,113965,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,113967,32295],{"class":148},[52,113969,152],{"class":66},[52,113971,796],{"class":646},[52,113973,35],{"class":66},[52,113975,111431],{"class":24889},[52,113977,159],{"class":66},[37,113979,2220],{"id":2219},[487,113981,13061,113983,102901],{"id":113982},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[49,113984,108205],{},[14,113986,102904],{},[487,113988,5567,113990,113992],{"id":113989},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[49,113991,102961],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113994,113995],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[487,113997,28469,113999,114001],{"id":113998},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[49,114000,102961],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,114003,42303,114004,114006],{},[49,114005,102961],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[487,114008,114010],{"id":114009},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,114012,114013],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[487,114015,2259,114017,2262,114019,2265],{"id":114016},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[49,114018,102961],{},[49,114020,114021],{},"|",[14,114023,114024,114025,114027,114028,114030],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[49,114026,114021],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[49,114029,102961],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[37,114032,2277],{"id":2276},[227,114034,114035,114039,114045,114051,114057],{},[230,114036,114037],{},[26,114038,96490],{"href":97661},[230,114040,114041],{},[26,114042,3969,114043,2292],{"href":98681},[49,114044,97476],{},[230,114046,114047],{},[26,114048,3969,114049,2292],{"href":102950},[49,114050,106735],{},[230,114052,114053],{},[26,114054,3969,114055,2292],{"href":113920},[49,114056,100581],{},[230,114058,114059],{},[26,114060,100506],{"href":99239},[2315,114062,114063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":114065},[114066,114067,114069,114070,114071,114072,114074,114080,114085,114092,114093,114104],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":112161,"depth":70,"text":114068},"What set.union() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":22107,"depth":70,"text":22108},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":112648,"depth":70,"text":114073},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112806,"depth":70,"text":114075,"children":114076},"Using union() with other iterables",[114077,114078,114079],{"id":112817,"depth":98,"text":112818},{"id":112937,"depth":98,"text":112938},{"id":113079,"depth":98,"text":113080},{"id":113217,"depth":70,"text":114081,"children":114082},"union() vs update()",[114083,114084],{"id":111431,"depth":98,"text":102961},{"id":30606,"depth":98,"text":15308},{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":114086},[114087,114089,114090,114091],{"id":113424,"depth":98,"text":114088},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113592,"depth":98,"text":113593},{"id":113661,"depth":98,"text":113662},{"id":113787,"depth":98,"text":113788},{"id":113885,"depth":70,"text":113886},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":114094},[114095,114097,114099,114101,114102],{"id":113982,"depth":98,"text":114096},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113989,"depth":98,"text":114098},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113998,"depth":98,"text":114100},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114009,"depth":98,"text":114010},{"id":114016,"depth":98,"text":114103},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112041,"description":114105},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114111,"title":114112,"body":114113,"description":116002,"extension":2357,"meta":116003,"navigation":141,"path":96975,"seo":116004,"stem":116005,"__hash__":116006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114114,"toc":115968},[114115,114120,114125,114133,114135,114193,114198,114203,114207,114219,114222,114296,114301,114303,114305,114324,114326,114343,114346,114373,114375,114445,114449,114451,114457,114459,114520,114525,114527,114584,114588,114593,114658,114660,114680,114687,114691,114696,114781,114784,114791,114894,114898,114903,114961,114964,114975,114989,114996,115054,115061,115064,115074,115078,115136,115140,115206,115209,115267,115274,115281,115284,115288,115297,115366,115370,115376,115464,115474,115478,115482,115486,115489,115550,115555,115612,115616,115618,115653,115660,115662,115716,115723,115727,115730,115795,115804,115810,115867,115869,115874,115878,115882,115885,115892,115900,115904,115909,115913,115919,115921,115956,115965],[10,114116,96362,114118,11684],{"id":114117},"python-set-update-method",[49,114119,15308],{},[14,114121,114122,114124],{},[49,114123,97476],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114126,114127,114128,114132],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[26,114129,114130],{"href":98662},[49,114131,96370],{},", which adds only one item.",[37,114134,4002],{"id":4001},[42,114136,114138],{"className":44,"code":114137,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,114139,114140,114156,114178,114188],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114141,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114143,4012],{"class":58},[52,114145,63],{"class":62},[52,114147,1799],{"class":66},[52,114149,1565],{"class":110},[52,114151,193],{"class":66},[52,114153,1570],{"class":110},[52,114155,135],{"class":66},[52,114157,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170,114172,114174,114176],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114159,1578],{"class":58},[52,114161,35],{"class":66},[52,114163,30606],{"class":155},[52,114165,2152],{"class":66},[52,114167,2451],{"class":110},[52,114169,193],{"class":66},[52,114171,2850],{"class":110},[52,114173,193],{"class":66},[52,114175,2856],{"class":110},[52,114177,1718],{"class":66},[52,114179,114180,114182,114184,114186],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114181,149],{"class":148},[52,114183,152],{"class":66},[52,114185,1578],{"class":155},[52,114187,159],{"class":66},[52,114189,114190],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114191,114192],{"class":1017},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114194,340,114195,114197],{},[49,114196,15308],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[37,114199,4073,114201,4076],{"id":114200},"what-setupdate-does",[49,114202,97476],{},[14,114204,114205,84],{},[49,114206,97476],{},[227,114208,114209,114212,114214,114217],{},[230,114210,114211],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[230,114213,96477],{},[230,114215,114216],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[230,114218,96480],{},[14,114220,114221],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[42,114223,114225],{"className":44,"code":114224,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[49,114226,114227,114251,114277,114281,114291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114228,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114230,13431],{"class":58},[52,114232,63],{"class":62},[52,114234,1799],{"class":66},[52,114236,81],{"class":73},[52,114238,13448],{"class":77},[52,114240,81],{"class":73},[52,114242,193],{"class":66},[52,114244,87],{"class":73},[52,114246,13465],{"class":77},[52,114248,81],{"class":73},[52,114250,135],{"class":66},[52,114252,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114254,17638],{"class":58},[52,114256,35],{"class":66},[52,114258,30606],{"class":155},[52,114260,2152],{"class":66},[52,114262,81],{"class":73},[52,114264,13465],{"class":77},[52,114266,81],{"class":73},[52,114268,193],{"class":66},[52,114270,87],{"class":73},[52,114272,17591],{"class":77},[52,114274,81],{"class":73},[52,114276,1718],{"class":66},[52,114278,114279],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114280,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114282,114283,114285,114287,114289],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114284,149],{"class":148},[52,114286,152],{"class":66},[52,114288,17638],{"class":155},[52,114290,159],{"class":66},[52,114292,114293],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114294,114295],{"class":1017},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114297,21115,114298,114300],{},[49,114299,111196],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[37,114302,2553],{"id":2552},[14,114304,7615],{},[42,114306,114308],{"className":44,"code":114307,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[49,114309,114310],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114311,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114313,755],{"class":58},[52,114315,35],{"class":66},[52,114317,30606],{"class":155},[52,114319,152],{"class":66},[52,114321,4117],{"class":155},[52,114323,159],{"class":66},[14,114325,80362],{},[227,114327,114328,114331,114334,114337,114340],{},[230,114329,114330],{},"A list",[230,114332,114333],{},"A tuple",[230,114335,114336],{},"Another set",[230,114338,114339],{},"A string",[230,114341,114342],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114344,114345],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[42,114347,114349],{"className":44,"code":114348,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[49,114350,114351],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114352,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114354,755],{"class":58},[52,114356,35],{"class":66},[52,114358,30606],{"class":155},[52,114360,152],{"class":66},[52,114362,26],{"class":155},[52,114364,193],{"class":66},[52,114366,2958],{"class":155},[52,114368,193],{"class":66},[52,114370,10053],{"class":155},[52,114372,159],{"class":66},[14,114374,511],{},[42,114376,114378],{"className":44,"code":114377,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[49,114379,114380,114392,114426,114430,114440],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114381,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114383,4218],{"class":58},[52,114385,63],{"class":62},[52,114387,1799],{"class":66},[52,114389,1565],{"class":110},[52,114391,135],{"class":66},[52,114393,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114395,2071],{"class":58},[52,114397,35],{"class":66},[52,114399,30606],{"class":155},[52,114401,2152],{"class":66},[52,114403,2451],{"class":110},[52,114405,193],{"class":66},[52,114407,2850],{"class":110},[52,114409,18198],{"class":66},[52,114411,1118],{"class":66},[52,114413,2903],{"class":110},[52,114415,193],{"class":66},[52,114417,5002],{"class":110},[52,114419,1115],{"class":66},[52,114421,1799],{"class":66},[52,114423,80753],{"class":110},[52,114425,30638],{"class":66},[52,114427,114428],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114429,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114431,114432,114434,114436,114438],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114433,149],{"class":148},[52,114435,152],{"class":66},[52,114437,2071],{"class":155},[52,114439,159],{"class":66},[52,114441,114442],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114443,114444],{"class":1017},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114446,96486,114447,35],{},[26,114448,96494],{"href":98045},[37,114450,22108],{"id":22107},[14,114452,114453,2795,114455,35],{},[49,114454,97476],{},[49,114456,4175],{},[14,114458,12072],{},[42,114460,114462],{"className":44,"code":114461,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[49,114463,114464,114480,114502,114506,114516],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114465,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114467,4012],{"class":58},[52,114469,63],{"class":62},[52,114471,1799],{"class":66},[52,114473,1565],{"class":110},[52,114475,193],{"class":66},[52,114477,1570],{"class":110},[52,114479,135],{"class":66},[52,114481,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114483,2626],{"class":58},[52,114485,63],{"class":62},[52,114487,4659],{"class":58},[52,114489,35],{"class":66},[52,114491,30606],{"class":155},[52,114493,2152],{"class":66},[52,114495,2457],{"class":110},[52,114497,193],{"class":66},[52,114499,2856],{"class":110},[52,114501,1718],{"class":66},[52,114503,114504],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114505,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114507,114508,114510,114512,114514],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114509,149],{"class":148},[52,114511,152],{"class":66},[52,114513,2661],{"class":155},[52,114515,159],{"class":66},[52,114517,114518],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114519,61989],{"class":1017},[14,114521,114522,114523,35],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[49,114524,2661],{},[14,114526,19105],{},[42,114528,114530],{"className":44,"code":114529,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,114531,114532,114548,114566,114570,114580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114533,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114535,4012],{"class":58},[52,114537,63],{"class":62},[52,114539,1799],{"class":66},[52,114541,1565],{"class":110},[52,114543,193],{"class":66},[52,114545,1570],{"class":110},[52,114547,135],{"class":66},[52,114549,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114551,1578],{"class":58},[52,114553,35],{"class":66},[52,114555,30606],{"class":155},[52,114557,2152],{"class":66},[52,114559,2457],{"class":110},[52,114561,193],{"class":66},[52,114563,2856],{"class":110},[52,114565,1718],{"class":66},[52,114567,114568],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114569,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114573,149],{"class":148},[52,114575,152],{"class":66},[52,114577,1578],{"class":155},[52,114579,159],{"class":66},[52,114581,114582],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114583,114192],{"class":1017},[37,114585,114587],{"id":114586},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114589,114590,114591,35],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[49,114592,15308],{},[42,114594,114596],{"className":44,"code":114595,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,114597,114598,114614,114640,114644,114654],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114599,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114601,4012],{"class":58},[52,114603,63],{"class":62},[52,114605,1799],{"class":66},[52,114607,1565],{"class":110},[52,114609,193],{"class":66},[52,114611,1570],{"class":110},[52,114613,135],{"class":66},[52,114615,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114617,1578],{"class":58},[52,114619,35],{"class":66},[52,114621,30606],{"class":155},[52,114623,2152],{"class":66},[52,114625,2451],{"class":110},[52,114627,193],{"class":66},[52,114629,2850],{"class":110},[52,114631,193],{"class":66},[52,114633,2856],{"class":110},[52,114635,193],{"class":66},[52,114637,2856],{"class":110},[52,114639,1718],{"class":66},[52,114641,114642],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114643,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114645,114646,114648,114650,114652],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114647,149],{"class":148},[52,114649,152],{"class":66},[52,114651,1578],{"class":155},[52,114653,159],{"class":66},[52,114655,114656],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114657,114192],{"class":1017},[14,114659,12041],{},[227,114661,114662,114667,114674],{},[230,114663,114664,114666],{},[49,114665,2451],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[230,114668,114669,2262,114671,114673],{},[49,114670,2457],{},[49,114672,2903],{}," are added",[230,114675,114676,114677,114679],{},"The second ",[49,114678,2903],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114681,114682,114683,114686],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[26,114684,114685],{"href":99239},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[37,114688,114690],{"id":114689},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114692,8158,114693,114695],{},[49,114694,15308],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[42,114697,114699],{"className":44,"code":114698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[49,114700,114701,114722,114743,114747,114763,114767,114777],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114702,114703,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114704,114705],{"class":58},"set_a ",[52,114707,63],{"class":62},[52,114709,1799],{"class":66},[52,114711,1565],{"class":110},[52,114713,193],{"class":66},[52,114715,1570],{"class":110},[52,114717,193],{"class":66},[52,114719,2850],{"class":110},[52,114721,135],{"class":66},[52,114723,114724,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114725,114726],{"class":58},"set_b ",[52,114728,63],{"class":62},[52,114730,1799],{"class":66},[52,114732,2457],{"class":110},[52,114734,193],{"class":66},[52,114736,2856],{"class":110},[52,114738,193],{"class":66},[52,114740,5002],{"class":110},[52,114742,135],{"class":66},[52,114744,114745],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114746,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114748,114749,114752,114754,114756,114758,114761],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114750,114751],{"class":58},"set_a",[52,114753,35],{"class":66},[52,114755,30606],{"class":155},[52,114757,152],{"class":66},[52,114759,114760],{"class":155},"set_b",[52,114762,159],{"class":66},[52,114764,114765],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114766,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114768,114769,114771,114773,114775],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114770,149],{"class":148},[52,114772,152],{"class":66},[52,114774,114751],{"class":155},[52,114776,159],{"class":66},[52,114778,114779],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,114780,112153],{"class":1017},[14,114782,114783],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114785,114786,114787,35],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[26,114788,114789],{"href":102958},[49,114790,108205],{},[42,114792,114794],{"className":44,"code":114793,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,114795,114796,114816,114836,114840,114860,114864,114875,114879,114889],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114797,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114799,114705],{"class":58},[52,114801,63],{"class":62},[52,114803,1799],{"class":66},[52,114805,1565],{"class":110},[52,114807,193],{"class":66},[52,114809,1570],{"class":110},[52,114811,193],{"class":66},[52,114813,2850],{"class":110},[52,114815,135],{"class":66},[52,114817,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114819,114726],{"class":58},[52,114821,63],{"class":62},[52,114823,1799],{"class":66},[52,114825,2457],{"class":110},[52,114827,193],{"class":66},[52,114829,2856],{"class":110},[52,114831,193],{"class":66},[52,114833,5002],{"class":110},[52,114835,135],{"class":66},[52,114837,114838],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114839,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114841,114842,114845,114847,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114843,114844],{"class":58},"combined ",[52,114846,63],{"class":62},[52,114848,114849],{"class":58}," set_a",[52,114851,35],{"class":66},[52,114853,111431],{"class":155},[52,114855,152],{"class":66},[52,114857,114760],{"class":155},[52,114859,159],{"class":66},[52,114861,114862],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114863,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114865,114866,114868,114870,114873],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,114867,149],{"class":148},[52,114869,152],{"class":66},[52,114871,114872],{"class":155},"combined",[52,114874,159],{"class":66},[52,114876,114877],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,114878,112153],{"class":1017},[52,114880,114881,114883,114885,114887],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,114882,149],{"class":148},[52,114884,152],{"class":66},[52,114886,114751],{"class":155},[52,114888,159],{"class":66},[52,114890,114891],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,114892,114893],{"class":1017},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[37,114895,114897],{"id":114896},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114899,64898,114900,114902],{},[49,114901,15308],{}," adds each character separately.",[42,114904,114906],{"className":44,"code":114905,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[49,114907,114908,114924,114942,114946,114956],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,114909,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920,114922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114911,36237],{"class":58},[52,114913,63],{"class":62},[52,114915,1799],{"class":66},[52,114917,81],{"class":73},[52,114919,2570],{"class":77},[52,114921,81],{"class":73},[52,114923,135],{"class":66},[52,114925,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,114927,36290],{"class":58},[52,114929,35],{"class":66},[52,114931,30606],{"class":155},[52,114933,152],{"class":66},[52,114935,81],{"class":73},[52,114937,37195],{"class":77},[52,114939,81],{"class":73},[52,114941,159],{"class":66},[52,114943,114944],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,114945,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,114947,114948,114950,114952,114954],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,114949,149],{"class":148},[52,114951,152],{"class":66},[52,114953,36290],{"class":155},[52,114955,159],{"class":66},[52,114957,114958],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,114959,114960],{"class":1017},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114962,114963],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114965,114966,14408,114969,114971,114972,114974],{},[49,114967,114968],{},"update(\"cat\")",[18,114970,1006],{}," add ",[49,114973,113198],{}," as one item. It adds:",[227,114976,114977,114981,114985],{},[230,114978,114979],{},[49,114980,66640],{},[230,114982,114983],{},[49,114984,18232],{},[230,114986,114987],{},[49,114988,113214],{},[14,114990,114991,114992,84],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[26,114993,114994],{"href":98662},[49,114995,96370],{},[42,114997,114999],{"className":44,"code":114998,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[49,115000,115001,115017,115035,115039,115049],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115002,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011,115013,115015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115004,4465],{"class":58},[52,115006,63],{"class":62},[52,115008,1799],{"class":66},[52,115010,81],{"class":73},[52,115012,58284],{"class":77},[52,115014,81],{"class":73},[52,115016,135],{"class":66},[52,115018,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115020,4509],{"class":58},[52,115022,35],{"class":66},[52,115024,82265],{"class":155},[52,115026,152],{"class":66},[52,115028,81],{"class":73},[52,115030,37195],{"class":77},[52,115032,81],{"class":73},[52,115034,159],{"class":66},[52,115036,115037],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115038,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115040,115041,115043,115045,115047],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115042,149],{"class":148},[52,115044,152],{"class":66},[52,115046,4509],{"class":155},[52,115048,159],{"class":66},[52,115050,115051],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115052,115053],{"class":1017},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[37,115055,115057,10954,115059],{"id":115056},"update-vs-add",[49,115058,15308],{},[49,115060,96365],{},[14,115062,115063],{},"The difference is simple:",[227,115065,115066,115070],{},[230,115067,115068,96964],{},[49,115069,96365],{},[230,115071,115072,96969],{},[49,115073,15308],{},[14,115075,46193,115076,84],{},[49,115077,96365],{},[42,115079,115081],{"className":44,"code":115080,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[49,115082,115083,115099,115117,115121,115131],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115086,36386],{"class":58},[52,115088,63],{"class":62},[52,115090,1799],{"class":66},[52,115092,81],{"class":73},[52,115094,4474],{"class":77},[52,115096,81],{"class":73},[52,115098,135],{"class":66},[52,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115102,36438],{"class":58},[52,115104,35],{"class":66},[52,115106,82265],{"class":155},[52,115108,152],{"class":66},[52,115110,81],{"class":73},[52,115112,4483],{"class":77},[52,115114,81],{"class":73},[52,115116,159],{"class":66},[52,115118,115119],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115120,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115122,115123,115125,115127,115129],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115124,149],{"class":148},[52,115126,152],{"class":66},[52,115128,36438],{"class":155},[52,115130,159],{"class":66},[52,115132,115133],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115134,115135],{"class":1017},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115137,46193,115138,84],{},[49,115139,15308],{},[42,115141,115143],{"className":44,"code":115142,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[49,115144,115145,115161,115187,115191,115201],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115146,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115148,36386],{"class":58},[52,115150,63],{"class":62},[52,115152,1799],{"class":66},[52,115154,81],{"class":73},[52,115156,4474],{"class":77},[52,115158,81],{"class":73},[52,115160,135],{"class":66},[52,115162,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115164,36438],{"class":58},[52,115166,35],{"class":66},[52,115168,30606],{"class":155},[52,115170,2152],{"class":66},[52,115172,81],{"class":73},[52,115174,4483],{"class":77},[52,115176,81],{"class":73},[52,115178,193],{"class":66},[52,115180,87],{"class":73},[52,115182,33364],{"class":77},[52,115184,81],{"class":73},[52,115186,1718],{"class":66},[52,115188,115189],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115190,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115192,115193,115195,115197,115199],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115194,149],{"class":148},[52,115196,152],{"class":66},[52,115198,36438],{"class":155},[52,115200,159],{"class":66},[52,115202,115203],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115204,115205],{"class":1017},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115207,115208],{},"Important warning with strings:",[42,115210,115212],{"className":44,"code":115211,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[49,115213,115214,115230,115248,115252,115262],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115215,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115217,36386],{"class":58},[52,115219,63],{"class":62},[52,115221,1799],{"class":66},[52,115223,81],{"class":73},[52,115225,4474],{"class":77},[52,115227,81],{"class":73},[52,115229,135],{"class":66},[52,115231,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115233,36438],{"class":58},[52,115235,35],{"class":66},[52,115237,30606],{"class":155},[52,115239,152],{"class":66},[52,115241,81],{"class":73},[52,115243,38490],{"class":77},[52,115245,81],{"class":73},[52,115247,159],{"class":66},[52,115249,115250],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115251,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115253,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115255,149],{"class":148},[52,115257,152],{"class":66},[52,115259,36438],{"class":155},[52,115261,159],{"class":66},[52,115263,115264],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115265,115266],{"class":1017},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115268,62264,115269,62337,115272,7029],{},[49,115270,115271],{},"\"kiwi\"",[49,115273,96365],{},[37,115275,115277,10954,115279],{"id":115276},"update-vs-union",[49,115278,15308],{},[49,115280,102961],{},[14,115282,115283],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[487,115285,115286],{"id":30606},[49,115287,15308],{},[227,115289,115290,115293],{},[230,115291,115292],{},"Changes the existing set",[230,115294,11786,115295],{},[49,115296,4175],{},[42,115298,115300],{"className":44,"code":115299,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,115301,115302,115318,115334,115338,115352,115362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115305,2953],{"class":58},[52,115307,63],{"class":62},[52,115309,1799],{"class":66},[52,115311,1565],{"class":110},[52,115313,193],{"class":66},[52,115315,1570],{"class":110},[52,115317,135],{"class":66},[52,115319,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115321,2981],{"class":58},[52,115323,63],{"class":62},[52,115325,1799],{"class":66},[52,115327,2451],{"class":110},[52,115329,193],{"class":66},[52,115331,2850],{"class":110},[52,115333,135],{"class":66},[52,115335,115336],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115337,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115339,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115341,26],{"class":58},[52,115343,35],{"class":66},[52,115345,30606],{"class":155},[52,115347,152],{"class":66},[52,115349,5157],{"class":155},[52,115351,159],{"class":66},[52,115353,115354,115356,115358,115360],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115355,149],{"class":148},[52,115357,152],{"class":66},[52,115359,26],{"class":155},[52,115361,159],{"class":66},[52,115363,115364],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115365,114893],{"class":1017},[487,115367,115368],{"id":111431},[49,115369,102961],{},[227,115371,115372,115374],{},[230,115373,101499],{},[230,115375,101502],{},[42,115377,115379],{"className":44,"code":115378,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[49,115380,115381,115397,115413,115417,115435,115445,115449,115459],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115382,115383,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115384,2953],{"class":58},[52,115386,63],{"class":62},[52,115388,1799],{"class":66},[52,115390,1565],{"class":110},[52,115392,193],{"class":66},[52,115394,1570],{"class":110},[52,115396,135],{"class":66},[52,115398,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115400,2981],{"class":58},[52,115402,63],{"class":62},[52,115404,1799],{"class":66},[52,115406,2451],{"class":110},[52,115408,193],{"class":66},[52,115410,2850],{"class":110},[52,115412,135],{"class":66},[52,115414,115415],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115416,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115418,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115420,83345],{"class":58},[52,115422,63],{"class":62},[52,115424,57044],{"class":58},[52,115426,35],{"class":66},[52,115428,111431],{"class":155},[52,115430,152],{"class":66},[52,115432,5157],{"class":155},[52,115434,159],{"class":66},[52,115436,115437,115439,115441,115443],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115438,149],{"class":148},[52,115440,152],{"class":66},[52,115442,10111],{"class":155},[52,115444,159],{"class":66},[52,115446,115447],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,115448,114893],{"class":1017},[52,115450,115451,115453,115455,115457],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,115452,149],{"class":148},[52,115454,152],{"class":66},[52,115456,26],{"class":155},[52,115458,159],{"class":66},[52,115460,115461],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,115462,115463],{"class":1017},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115465,107847,115466,115468,115469,115473],{},[49,115467,15308],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[26,115470,115471],{"href":102958},[49,115472,102961],{}," when you want a new set.",[37,115475,115477],{"id":115476},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115479,11112,115480,35],{},[49,115481,97476],{},[487,115483,115485],{"id":115484},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115487,115488],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[42,115490,115492],{"className":44,"code":115491,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[49,115493,115494,115510,115532,115536,115546],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115495,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115497,714],{"class":58},[52,115499,63],{"class":62},[52,115501,1799],{"class":66},[52,115503,1565],{"class":110},[52,115505,193],{"class":66},[52,115507,1570],{"class":110},[52,115509,135],{"class":66},[52,115511,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115513,2626],{"class":58},[52,115515,63],{"class":62},[52,115517,97086],{"class":58},[52,115519,35],{"class":66},[52,115521,30606],{"class":155},[52,115523,2152],{"class":66},[52,115525,2457],{"class":110},[52,115527,193],{"class":66},[52,115529,2856],{"class":110},[52,115531,1718],{"class":66},[52,115533,115534],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115535,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115537,115538,115540,115542,115544],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115539,149],{"class":148},[52,115541,152],{"class":66},[52,115543,2661],{"class":155},[52,115545,159],{"class":66},[52,115547,115548],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115549,61989],{"class":1017},[14,115551,115552,115553,84],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[49,115554,15308],{},[42,115556,115558],{"className":44,"code":115557,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[49,115559,115560,115576,115594,115598,115608],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115561,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572,115574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115563,714],{"class":58},[52,115565,63],{"class":62},[52,115567,1799],{"class":66},[52,115569,1565],{"class":110},[52,115571,193],{"class":66},[52,115573,1570],{"class":110},[52,115575,135],{"class":66},[52,115577,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115579,755],{"class":58},[52,115581,35],{"class":66},[52,115583,30606],{"class":155},[52,115585,2152],{"class":66},[52,115587,2457],{"class":110},[52,115589,193],{"class":66},[52,115591,2856],{"class":110},[52,115593,1718],{"class":66},[52,115595,115596],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115597,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115599,115600,115602,115604,115606],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115601,149],{"class":148},[52,115603,152],{"class":66},[52,115605,755],{"class":155},[52,115607,159],{"class":66},[52,115609,115610],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115611,114192],{"class":1017},[487,115613,115615],{"id":115614},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115617,3235],{},[42,115619,115621],{"className":44,"code":115620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[49,115622,115623,115639],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115624,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115626,714],{"class":58},[52,115628,63],{"class":62},[52,115630,1799],{"class":66},[52,115632,1565],{"class":110},[52,115634,193],{"class":66},[52,115636,1570],{"class":110},[52,115638,135],{"class":66},[52,115640,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115642,755],{"class":58},[52,115644,35],{"class":66},[52,115646,30606],{"class":155},[52,115648,152],{"class":66},[52,115650,2531],{"class":110},[52,115652,159],{"class":66},[14,115654,62443,115655,8998,115657,115659],{},[49,115656,3401],{},[49,115658,2531],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115661,6952],{},[42,115663,115665],{"className":44,"code":115664,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[49,115666,115667,115683,115697,115701,115711],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115668,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115670,714],{"class":58},[52,115672,63],{"class":62},[52,115674,1799],{"class":66},[52,115676,1565],{"class":110},[52,115678,193],{"class":66},[52,115680,1570],{"class":110},[52,115682,135],{"class":66},[52,115684,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115686,755],{"class":58},[52,115688,35],{"class":66},[52,115690,30606],{"class":155},[52,115692,2152],{"class":66},[52,115694,2531],{"class":110},[52,115696,1718],{"class":66},[52,115698,115699],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115700,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115702,115703,115705,115707,115709],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115704,149],{"class":148},[52,115706,152],{"class":66},[52,115708,755],{"class":155},[52,115710,159],{"class":66},[52,115712,115713],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115714,115715],{"class":1017},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115717,46066,115718,35],{},[26,115719,25819,115720],{"href":52755},[49,115721,115722],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[487,115724,115726],{"id":115725},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115728,115729],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[42,115731,115733],{"className":44,"code":115732,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,115734,115735,115751,115777,115781,115791],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115736,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115738,714],{"class":58},[52,115740,63],{"class":62},[52,115742,1799],{"class":66},[52,115744,1565],{"class":110},[52,115746,193],{"class":66},[52,115748,1570],{"class":110},[52,115750,135],{"class":66},[52,115752,115753,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115754,755],{"class":58},[52,115756,35],{"class":66},[52,115758,30606],{"class":155},[52,115760,2152],{"class":66},[52,115762,2451],{"class":110},[52,115764,193],{"class":66},[52,115766,1570],{"class":110},[52,115768,193],{"class":66},[52,115770,1570],{"class":110},[52,115772,193],{"class":66},[52,115774,2850],{"class":110},[52,115776,1718],{"class":66},[52,115778,115779],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115780,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115782,115783,115785,115787,115789],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115784,149],{"class":148},[52,115786,152],{"class":66},[52,115788,755],{"class":155},[52,115790,159],{"class":66},[52,115792,115793],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115794,114893],{"class":1017},[487,115796,115798,115799,44782,115801,115803],{"id":115797},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[49,115800,15308],{},[49,115802,96365],{}," is better",[14,115805,115806,115807,115809],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[49,115808,96365],{}," is usually the better choice.",[42,115811,115813],{"className":44,"code":115812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[49,115814,115815,115831,115849,115853,115863],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,115816,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827,115829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115818,714],{"class":58},[52,115820,63],{"class":62},[52,115822,1799],{"class":66},[52,115824,81],{"class":73},[52,115826,58284],{"class":77},[52,115828,81],{"class":73},[52,115830,135],{"class":66},[52,115832,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,115834,755],{"class":58},[52,115836,35],{"class":66},[52,115838,82265],{"class":155},[52,115840,152],{"class":66},[52,115842,81],{"class":73},[52,115844,37195],{"class":77},[52,115846,81],{"class":73},[52,115848,159],{"class":66},[52,115850,115851],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,115852,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,115854,115855,115857,115859,115861],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,115856,149],{"class":148},[52,115858,152],{"class":66},[52,115860,755],{"class":155},[52,115862,159],{"class":66},[52,115864,115865],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,115866,115053],{"class":1017},[37,115868,2220],{"id":2219},[487,115870,13061,115872,97455],{"id":115871},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[49,115873,97476],{},[14,115875,97458,115876,35],{},[49,115877,4175],{},[487,115879,28469,115880,32369],{"id":32366},[49,115881,15308],{},[14,115883,115884],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[487,115886,2259,115888,2262,115890,2265],{"id":115887},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[49,115889,96365],{},[49,115891,15308],{},[14,115893,115894,115896,115897,115899],{},[49,115895,96365],{}," adds one item. ",[49,115898,15308],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[487,115901,115903],{"id":115902},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115905,115906,115907,114902],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[49,115908,15308],{},[487,115910,115912],{"id":115911},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115914,340,115915,11456,115917,35],{},[49,115916,102961],{},[49,115918,15308],{},[37,115920,2277],{"id":2276},[227,115922,115923,115930,115937,115943,115949],{},[230,115924,115925],{},[26,115926,115927],{"href":98662},[49,115928,115929],{},"Python set add() method",[230,115931,115932],{},[26,115933,115934],{"href":102958},[49,115935,115936],{},"Python set union() method",[230,115938,115939],{},[26,115940,115941],{"href":98045},[49,115942,97500],{},[230,115944,115945],{},[26,115946,115947],{"href":99239},[49,115948,100506],{},[230,115950,115951],{},[26,115952,115953,115955],{"href":52755},[49,115954,115722],{}," fix",[14,115957,115958,115959,115961,115962,115964],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[49,115960,96370],{}," for a single value and ",[49,115963,108205],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2315,115966,115967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":115969},[115970,115971,115973,115974,115975,115976,115977,115978,115980,115985,115992,116001],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":114200,"depth":70,"text":115972},"What set.update() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":22107,"depth":70,"text":22108},{"id":114586,"depth":70,"text":114587},{"id":114689,"depth":70,"text":114690},{"id":114896,"depth":70,"text":114897},{"id":115056,"depth":70,"text":115979},"update() vs add()",{"id":115276,"depth":70,"text":115981,"children":115982},"update() vs union()",[115983,115984],{"id":30606,"depth":98,"text":15308},{"id":111431,"depth":98,"text":102961},{"id":115476,"depth":70,"text":115477,"children":115986},[115987,115988,115989,115990],{"id":115484,"depth":98,"text":115485},{"id":115614,"depth":98,"text":115615},{"id":115725,"depth":98,"text":115726},{"id":115797,"depth":98,"text":115991},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":115993},[115994,115996,115997,115999,116000],{"id":115871,"depth":98,"text":115995},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32366,"depth":98,"text":32439},{"id":115887,"depth":98,"text":115998},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115902,"depth":98,"text":115903},{"id":115911,"depth":98,"text":115912},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114112,"description":116002},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116008,"title":116009,"body":116010,"description":117776,"extension":2357,"meta":117777,"navigation":141,"path":14145,"seo":117778,"stem":117779,"__hash__":117780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116011,"toc":117751},[116012,116015,116018,116021,116032,116040,116043,116045,116194,116206,116210,116227,116231,116239,116241,116252,116254,116351,116357,116360,116456,116465,116470,116474,116479,116481,116491,116493,116602,116610,116614,116617,116620,116637,116643,116723,116726,116730,116733,116737,116740,116799,116802,116806,116809,116901,116905,116908,117015,117019,117025,117053,117055,117137,117147,117151,117154,117165,117168,117253,117256,117261,117265,117268,117279,117282,117424,117427,117431,117434,117448,117451,117512,117518,117520,117523,117545,117548,117648,117651,117683,117685,117689,117692,117694,117697,117701,117704,117708,117711,117715,117718,117720,117748],[10,116013,116009],{"id":116014},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,116016,116017],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,116019,116020],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[227,116022,116023,116026,116029],{},[230,116024,116025],{},"a list inside another list",[230,116027,116028],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[230,116030,116031],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,116033,100428,116034,2262,116036,116039],{},[18,116035,13208],{},[18,116037,116038],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,116041,116042],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[37,116044,40],{"id":39},[42,116046,116048],{"className":44,"code":116047,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[49,116049,116050,116057,116061,116087,116107,116127,116131,116149,116153,116166,116180],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116051,116052,116054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116053,35236],{"class":4272},[52,116055,116056],{"class":58}," copy\n",[52,116058,116059],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116060,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116062,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116064,12443],{"class":58},[52,116066,63],{"class":62},[52,116068,56450],{"class":66},[52,116070,1565],{"class":110},[52,116072,193],{"class":66},[52,116074,1570],{"class":110},[52,116076,18198],{"class":66},[52,116078,4017],{"class":66},[52,116080,2457],{"class":110},[52,116082,193],{"class":66},[52,116084,2856],{"class":110},[52,116086,53398],{"class":66},[52,116088,116089,116092,116094,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116090,116091],{"class":58},"shallow ",[52,116093,63],{"class":62},[52,116095,116096],{"class":58}," copy",[52,116098,35],{"class":66},[52,116100,13267],{"class":155},[52,116102,152],{"class":66},[52,116104,12490],{"class":155},[52,116106,159],{"class":66},[52,116108,116109,116112,116114,116116,116118,116121,116123,116125],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116110,116111],{"class":58},"deep ",[52,116113,63],{"class":62},[52,116115,116096],{"class":58},[52,116117,35],{"class":66},[52,116119,116120],{"class":155},"deepcopy",[52,116122,152],{"class":66},[52,116124,12490],{"class":155},[52,116126,159],{"class":66},[52,116128,116129],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116130,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116132,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,116134,12490],{"class":58},[52,116136,1709],{"class":66},[52,116138,2514],{"class":110},[52,116140,13906],{"class":66},[52,116142,13909],{"class":155},[52,116144,152],{"class":66},[52,116146,56503],{"class":110},[52,116148,159],{"class":66},[52,116150,116151],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,116152,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116154,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,116156,149],{"class":148},[52,116158,152],{"class":66},[52,116160,12490],{"class":155},[52,116162,4056],{"class":66},[52,116164,116165],{"class":1017},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116167,116168,116170,116172,116175,116177],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,116169,149],{"class":148},[52,116171,152],{"class":66},[52,116173,116174],{"class":155},"shallow",[52,116176,4056],{"class":66},[52,116178,116179],{"class":1017},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116181,116182,116184,116186,116189,116191],{"class":54,"line":11952},[52,116183,149],{"class":148},[52,116185,152],{"class":66},[52,116187,116188],{"class":155},"deep",[52,116190,4056],{"class":66},[52,116192,116193],{"class":1017},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116195,340,116196,116199,116200,2262,116202,116205],{},[49,116197,116198],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[18,116201,13208],{},[49,116203,116204],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[37,116207,116209],{"id":116208},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[227,116211,116212,116215,116218,116221,116224],{},[230,116213,116214],{},"What a copy means in Python",[230,116216,116217],{},"How shallow copy works",[230,116219,116220],{},"How deep copy works",[230,116222,116223],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[230,116225,116226],{},"When to use each approach",[37,116228,116230],{"id":116229},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116232,254,116233,116235,116236,116238],{},[18,116234,13208],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[18,116237,1006],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116240,2501],{},[227,116242,116243,116246,116249],{},[230,116244,116245],{},"the outer container is new",[230,116247,116248],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[230,116250,116251],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116253,511],{},[42,116255,116257],{"className":44,"code":116256,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[49,116258,116259,116285,116299,116303,116321,116325,116338],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116260,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116262,12443],{"class":58},[52,116264,63],{"class":62},[52,116266,56450],{"class":66},[52,116268,1565],{"class":110},[52,116270,193],{"class":66},[52,116272,1570],{"class":110},[52,116274,18198],{"class":66},[52,116276,4017],{"class":66},[52,116278,2457],{"class":110},[52,116280,193],{"class":66},[52,116282,2856],{"class":110},[52,116284,53398],{"class":66},[52,116286,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116288,14666],{"class":58},[52,116290,63],{"class":62},[52,116292,12518],{"class":58},[52,116294,35],{"class":66},[52,116296,13267],{"class":155},[52,116298,650],{"class":66},[52,116300,116301],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116302,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116304,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116306,14685],{"class":58},[52,116308,35],{"class":66},[52,116310,13909],{"class":155},[52,116312,2152],{"class":66},[52,116314,2531],{"class":110},[52,116316,193],{"class":66},[52,116318,37792],{"class":110},[52,116320,1718],{"class":66},[52,116322,116323],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116324,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116326,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116328,149],{"class":148},[52,116330,152],{"class":66},[52,116332,12490],{"class":155},[52,116334,4056],{"class":66},[52,116336,116337],{"class":1017},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116339,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,116341,149],{"class":148},[52,116343,152],{"class":66},[52,116345,14685],{"class":155},[52,116347,4056],{"class":66},[52,116349,116350],{"class":1017},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116352,116353,116354,116356],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[49,116355,14685],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116358,116359],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[42,116361,116363],{"className":44,"code":116362,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,116364,116365,116391,116405,116409,116427,116431,116443],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116368,12443],{"class":58},[52,116370,63],{"class":62},[52,116372,56450],{"class":66},[52,116374,1565],{"class":110},[52,116376,193],{"class":66},[52,116378,1570],{"class":110},[52,116380,18198],{"class":66},[52,116382,4017],{"class":66},[52,116384,2457],{"class":110},[52,116386,193],{"class":66},[52,116388,2856],{"class":110},[52,116390,53398],{"class":66},[52,116392,116393,116395,116397,116399,116401,116403],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116394,14666],{"class":58},[52,116396,63],{"class":62},[52,116398,12518],{"class":58},[52,116400,35],{"class":66},[52,116402,13267],{"class":155},[52,116404,650],{"class":66},[52,116406,116407],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116408,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116410,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116412,14685],{"class":58},[52,116414,1709],{"class":66},[52,116416,2514],{"class":110},[52,116418,13906],{"class":66},[52,116420,13909],{"class":155},[52,116422,152],{"class":66},[52,116424,56503],{"class":110},[52,116426,159],{"class":66},[52,116428,116429],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116430,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116432,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116434,149],{"class":148},[52,116436,152],{"class":66},[52,116438,12490],{"class":155},[52,116440,4056],{"class":66},[52,116442,116165],{"class":1017},[52,116444,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,116446,149],{"class":148},[52,116448,152],{"class":66},[52,116450,14685],{"class":155},[52,116452,4056],{"class":66},[52,116454,116455],{"class":1017},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116457,116458,116459,2262,116461,116464],{},"Both changed because ",[49,116460,56607],{},[49,116462,116463],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116466,116467,116468,35],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[26,116469,44088],{"href":12422},[37,116471,116473],{"id":116472},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116475,254,116476,116478],{},[18,116477,116038],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116480,2501],{},[227,116482,116483,116485,116488],{},[230,116484,116245],{},[230,116486,116487],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[230,116489,116490],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116492,511],{},[42,116494,116496],{"className":44,"code":116495,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,116497,116498,116504,116508,116534,116552,116556,116574,116578,116590],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116499,116500,116502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116501,35236],{"class":4272},[52,116503,116056],{"class":58},[52,116505,116506],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116507,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116509,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116511,12443],{"class":58},[52,116513,63],{"class":62},[52,116515,56450],{"class":66},[52,116517,1565],{"class":110},[52,116519,193],{"class":66},[52,116521,1570],{"class":110},[52,116523,18198],{"class":66},[52,116525,4017],{"class":66},[52,116527,2457],{"class":110},[52,116529,193],{"class":66},[52,116531,2856],{"class":110},[52,116533,53398],{"class":66},[52,116535,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116537,14666],{"class":58},[52,116539,63],{"class":62},[52,116541,116096],{"class":58},[52,116543,35],{"class":66},[52,116545,116120],{"class":155},[52,116547,152],{"class":66},[52,116549,12490],{"class":155},[52,116551,159],{"class":66},[52,116553,116554],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116555,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116557,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116559,14685],{"class":58},[52,116561,1709],{"class":66},[52,116563,2514],{"class":110},[52,116565,13906],{"class":66},[52,116567,13909],{"class":155},[52,116569,152],{"class":66},[52,116571,56503],{"class":110},[52,116573,159],{"class":66},[52,116575,116576],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,116577,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116579,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,116581,149],{"class":148},[52,116583,152],{"class":66},[52,116585,12490],{"class":155},[52,116587,4056],{"class":66},[52,116589,116337],{"class":1017},[52,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,116593,149],{"class":148},[52,116595,152],{"class":66},[52,116597,14685],{"class":155},[52,116599,4056],{"class":66},[52,116601,116455],{"class":1017},[14,116603,116604,116605,116607,116608,35],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[49,116606,116463],{}," does not change ",[49,116609,56607],{},[37,116611,116613],{"id":116612},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116615,116616],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116618,116619],{},"Common reasons:",[227,116621,116622,116625,116628,116634],{},[230,116623,116624],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[230,116626,116627],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[230,116629,116630,116631,116633],{},"Assignment with ",[49,116632,63],{}," does not make a copy",[230,116635,116636],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116638,116639,116640,116642],{},"For example, this does ",[18,116641,1006],{}," create a copy:",[42,116644,116646],{"className":44,"code":116645,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,116647,116648,116668,116676,116680,116694,116698,116710],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116649,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116651,12443],{"class":58},[52,116653,63],{"class":62},[52,116655,4017],{"class":66},[52,116657,1565],{"class":110},[52,116659,193],{"class":66},[52,116661,1570],{"class":110},[52,116663,193],{"class":66},[52,116665,2850],{"class":110},[52,116667,4030],{"class":66},[52,116669,116670,116672,116674],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116671,14666],{"class":58},[52,116673,63],{"class":62},[52,116675,12481],{"class":58},[52,116677,116678],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116679,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116681,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116683,14685],{"class":58},[52,116685,35],{"class":66},[52,116687,13909],{"class":155},[52,116689,152],{"class":66},[52,116691,2903],{"class":110},[52,116693,159],{"class":66},[52,116695,116696],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116697,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116699,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116701,149],{"class":148},[52,116703,152],{"class":66},[52,116705,12490],{"class":155},[52,116707,4056],{"class":66},[52,116709,55857],{"class":1017},[52,116711,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,116713,149],{"class":148},[52,116715,152],{"class":66},[52,116717,14685],{"class":155},[52,116719,4056],{"class":66},[52,116721,116722],{"class":1017},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116724,116725],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[37,116727,116729],{"id":116728},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116731,116732],{},"These three ideas are different.",[487,116734,116736],{"id":116735},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116738,116739],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[42,116741,116743],{"className":44,"code":116742,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[49,116744,116745,116771,116779,116783],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116746,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116748,12443],{"class":58},[52,116750,63],{"class":62},[52,116752,56450],{"class":66},[52,116754,1565],{"class":110},[52,116756,193],{"class":66},[52,116758,1570],{"class":110},[52,116760,18198],{"class":66},[52,116762,4017],{"class":66},[52,116764,2457],{"class":110},[52,116766,193],{"class":66},[52,116768,2856],{"class":110},[52,116770,53398],{"class":66},[52,116772,116773,116775,116777],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116774,14457],{"class":58},[52,116776,63],{"class":62},[52,116778,12481],{"class":58},[52,116780,116781],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116782,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116784,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116786,149],{"class":148},[52,116788,152],{"class":66},[52,116790,12443],{"class":155},[52,116792,12551],{"class":4272},[52,116794,14525],{"class":155},[52,116796,4056],{"class":66},[52,116798,4059],{"class":1017},[14,116800,116801],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[487,116803,116805],{"id":116804},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116807,116808],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[42,116810,116812],{"className":44,"code":116811,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[49,116813,116814,116840,116854,116858,116875],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116815,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116817,12443],{"class":58},[52,116819,63],{"class":62},[52,116821,56450],{"class":66},[52,116823,1565],{"class":110},[52,116825,193],{"class":66},[52,116827,1570],{"class":110},[52,116829,18198],{"class":66},[52,116831,4017],{"class":66},[52,116833,2457],{"class":110},[52,116835,193],{"class":66},[52,116837,2856],{"class":110},[52,116839,53398],{"class":66},[52,116841,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116843,116091],{"class":58},[52,116845,63],{"class":62},[52,116847,12518],{"class":58},[52,116849,35],{"class":66},[52,116851,13267],{"class":155},[52,116853,650],{"class":66},[52,116855,116856],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116857,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116859,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868,116871,116873],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116861,149],{"class":148},[52,116863,152],{"class":66},[52,116865,12443],{"class":155},[52,116867,12551],{"class":4272},[52,116869,116870],{"class":155}," shallow",[52,116872,4056],{"class":66},[52,116874,21338],{"class":1017},[52,116876,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116878,149],{"class":148},[52,116880,152],{"class":66},[52,116882,12490],{"class":155},[52,116884,1709],{"class":66},[52,116886,2514],{"class":110},[52,116888,13629],{"class":66},[52,116890,8491],{"class":4272},[52,116892,116870],{"class":155},[52,116894,1709],{"class":66},[52,116896,2514],{"class":110},[52,116898,20583],{"class":66},[52,116900,4059],{"class":1017},[487,116902,116904],{"id":116903},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116906,116907],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[42,116909,116911],{"className":44,"code":116910,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[49,116912,116913,116919,116923,116949,116967,116971,116989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,116914,116915,116917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116916,35236],{"class":4272},[52,116918,116056],{"class":58},[52,116920,116921],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,116922,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116924,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,116926,12443],{"class":58},[52,116928,63],{"class":62},[52,116930,56450],{"class":66},[52,116932,1565],{"class":110},[52,116934,193],{"class":66},[52,116936,1570],{"class":110},[52,116938,18198],{"class":66},[52,116940,4017],{"class":66},[52,116942,2457],{"class":110},[52,116944,193],{"class":66},[52,116946,2856],{"class":110},[52,116948,53398],{"class":66},[52,116950,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,116952,116111],{"class":58},[52,116954,63],{"class":62},[52,116956,116096],{"class":58},[52,116958,35],{"class":66},[52,116960,116120],{"class":155},[52,116962,152],{"class":66},[52,116964,12490],{"class":155},[52,116966,159],{"class":66},[52,116968,116969],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,116970,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,116972,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981,116984,116986],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,116974,149],{"class":148},[52,116976,152],{"class":66},[52,116978,12443],{"class":155},[52,116980,12551],{"class":4272},[52,116982,116983],{"class":155}," deep",[52,116985,4056],{"class":66},[52,116987,116988],{"class":1017},"         # False\n",[52,116990,116991,116993,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,116992,149],{"class":148},[52,116994,152],{"class":66},[52,116996,12490],{"class":155},[52,116998,1709],{"class":66},[52,117000,2514],{"class":110},[52,117002,13629],{"class":66},[52,117004,8491],{"class":4272},[52,117006,116983],{"class":155},[52,117008,1709],{"class":66},[52,117010,2514],{"class":110},[52,117012,20583],{"class":66},[52,117014,44024],{"class":1017},[37,117016,117018],{"id":117017},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,117020,117021,117022,84],{},"These all make ",[18,117023,117024],{},"shallow copies",[227,117026,117027,117031,117035,117040,117046],{},[230,117028,117029],{},[49,117030,55757],{},[230,117032,117033],{},[49,117034,12792],{},[230,117036,117037],{},[49,117038,117039],{},"set.copy()",[230,117041,117042,117043],{},"list slicing like ",[49,117044,117045],{},"my_list[:]",[230,117047,117048,117050,117051,35226],{},[49,117049,116198],{}," from the ",[49,117052,13267],{},[14,117054,2520],{},[42,117056,117058],{"className":44,"code":117057,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,117059,117060,117080,117084,117098,117109,117113,117125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117061,117062,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117063,4012],{"class":58},[52,117065,63],{"class":62},[52,117067,4017],{"class":66},[52,117069,1565],{"class":110},[52,117071,193],{"class":66},[52,117073,1570],{"class":110},[52,117075,193],{"class":66},[52,117077,2850],{"class":110},[52,117079,4030],{"class":66},[52,117081,117082],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,117083,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117085,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,117087,2953],{"class":58},[52,117089,63],{"class":62},[52,117091,4659],{"class":58},[52,117093,35],{"class":66},[52,117095,13267],{"class":155},[52,117097,650],{"class":66},[52,117099,117100,117102,117104,117106],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,117101,2981],{"class":58},[52,117103,63],{"class":62},[52,117105,4659],{"class":58},[52,117107,117108],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[52,117110,117111],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,117112,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117114,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117116,149],{"class":148},[52,117118,152],{"class":66},[52,117120,26],{"class":155},[52,117122,4056],{"class":66},[52,117124,55088],{"class":1017},[52,117126,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,117128,149],{"class":148},[52,117130,152],{"class":66},[52,117132,5157],{"class":155},[52,117134,4056],{"class":66},[52,117136,55088],{"class":1017},[14,117138,73299,117139,47687,117143,35],{},[26,117140,117141,2292],{"href":55116},[49,117142,55757],{},[26,117144,117145,2292],{"href":12789},[49,117146,12792],{},[37,117148,117150],{"id":117149},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117152,117153],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[227,117155,117156,117159,117162],{},[230,117157,117158],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[230,117160,117161],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[230,117163,117164],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117166,117167],{},"Example with a flat list:",[42,117169,117171],{"className":44,"code":117170,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[49,117172,117173,117193,117207,117211,117225,117229,117241],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117174,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117176,12443],{"class":58},[52,117178,63],{"class":62},[52,117180,4017],{"class":66},[52,117182,1565],{"class":110},[52,117184,193],{"class":66},[52,117186,1570],{"class":110},[52,117188,193],{"class":66},[52,117190,2850],{"class":110},[52,117192,4030],{"class":66},[52,117194,117195,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,117196,14666],{"class":58},[52,117198,63],{"class":62},[52,117200,12518],{"class":58},[52,117202,35],{"class":66},[52,117204,13267],{"class":155},[52,117206,650],{"class":66},[52,117208,117209],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,117210,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117212,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,117214,14685],{"class":58},[52,117216,35],{"class":66},[52,117218,13909],{"class":155},[52,117220,152],{"class":66},[52,117222,2903],{"class":110},[52,117224,159],{"class":66},[52,117226,117227],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,117228,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117230,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117232,149],{"class":148},[52,117234,152],{"class":66},[52,117236,12490],{"class":155},[52,117238,4056],{"class":66},[52,117240,55088],{"class":1017},[52,117242,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,117244,149],{"class":148},[52,117246,152],{"class":66},[52,117248,14685],{"class":155},[52,117250,4056],{"class":66},[52,117252,116722],{"class":1017},[14,117254,117255],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117257,117258,117259,35],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[26,117260,15242],{"href":57376},[37,117262,117264],{"id":117263},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117266,117267],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[227,117269,117270,117273,117276],{},[230,117271,117272],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[230,117274,117275],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[230,117277,117278],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117280,117281],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[42,117283,117285],{"className":44,"code":117284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[49,117286,117287,117293,117297,117323,117337,117355,117359,117381,117385,117398,117411],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117288,117289,117291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117290,35236],{"class":4272},[52,117292,116056],{"class":58},[52,117294,117295],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,117296,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117298,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,117300,12443],{"class":58},[52,117302,63],{"class":62},[52,117304,1799],{"class":66},[52,117306,81],{"class":73},[52,117308,1508],{"class":77},[52,117310,81],{"class":73},[52,117312,84],{"class":66},[52,117314,4017],{"class":66},[52,117316,2728],{"class":110},[52,117318,193],{"class":66},[52,117320,111],{"class":110},[52,117322,14061],{"class":66},[52,117324,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,117326,116091],{"class":58},[52,117328,63],{"class":62},[52,117330,12518],{"class":58},[52,117332,35],{"class":66},[52,117334,13267],{"class":155},[52,117336,650],{"class":66},[52,117338,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,117340,116111],{"class":58},[52,117342,63],{"class":62},[52,117344,116096],{"class":58},[52,117346,35],{"class":66},[52,117348,116120],{"class":155},[52,117350,152],{"class":66},[52,117352,12490],{"class":155},[52,117354,159],{"class":66},[52,117356,117357],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117358,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117360,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377,117379],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,117362,12490],{"class":58},[52,117364,1709],{"class":66},[52,117366,81],{"class":73},[52,117368,1508],{"class":77},[52,117370,81],{"class":73},[52,117372,13906],{"class":66},[52,117374,13909],{"class":155},[52,117376,152],{"class":66},[52,117378,36989],{"class":110},[52,117380,159],{"class":66},[52,117382,117383],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,117384,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117386,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,117388,149],{"class":148},[52,117390,152],{"class":66},[52,117392,12490],{"class":155},[52,117394,4056],{"class":66},[52,117396,117397],{"class":1017},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117399,117400,117402,117404,117406,117408],{"class":54,"line":6834},[52,117401,149],{"class":148},[52,117403,152],{"class":66},[52,117405,116174],{"class":155},[52,117407,4056],{"class":66},[52,117409,117410],{"class":1017},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117412,117413,117415,117417,117419,117421],{"class":54,"line":11952},[52,117414,149],{"class":148},[52,117416,152],{"class":66},[52,117418,116188],{"class":155},[52,117420,4056],{"class":66},[52,117422,117423],{"class":1017},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117425,117426],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[37,117428,117430],{"id":117429},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117432,117433],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[227,117435,117436,117439,117442,117445],{},[230,117437,117438],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[230,117440,117441],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[230,117443,117444],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[230,117446,117447],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117449,117450],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[42,117452,117454],{"className":44,"code":117453,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[49,117455,117456,117464,117472,117476,117484,117488,117500],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117457,117458,117460,117462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117459,2953],{"class":58},[52,117461,63],{"class":62},[52,117463,2986],{"class":110},[52,117465,117466,117468,117470],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,117467,2981],{"class":58},[52,117469,63],{"class":62},[52,117471,36322],{"class":58},[52,117473,117474],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,117475,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117477,117478,117480,117482],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,117479,2981],{"class":58},[52,117481,63],{"class":62},[52,117483,14969],{"class":110},[52,117485,117486],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,117487,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117489,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,117491,149],{"class":148},[52,117493,152],{"class":66},[52,117495,26],{"class":155},[52,117497,4056],{"class":66},[52,117499,26935],{"class":1017},[52,117501,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,117503,149],{"class":148},[52,117505,152],{"class":66},[52,117507,5157],{"class":155},[52,117509,4056],{"class":66},[52,117511,27756],{"class":1017},[14,117513,93670,117514,117517],{},[26,117515,117516],{"href":12422},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[37,117519,1743],{"id":1742},[14,117521,117522],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[227,117524,117525,117529,117534,117539,117542],{},[230,117526,8813,117527,56940],{},[49,117528,63],{},[230,117530,8813,117531,117533],{},[49,117532,55757],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[230,117535,8813,117536,117538],{},[49,117537,12792],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[230,117540,117541],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[230,117543,117544],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117546,117547],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[42,117549,117551],{"className":44,"code":117550,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[49,117552,117553,117567,117581,117603,117634],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117554,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117556,149],{"class":148},[52,117558,152],{"class":66},[52,117560,12443],{"class":155},[52,117562,12551],{"class":4272},[52,117564,14739],{"class":155},[52,117566,159],{"class":66},[52,117568,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,117570,149],{"class":148},[52,117572,152],{"class":66},[52,117574,12443],{"class":155},[52,117576,5084],{"class":62},[52,117578,14739],{"class":155},[52,117580,159],{"class":66},[52,117582,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,117584,149],{"class":148},[52,117586,152],{"class":66},[52,117588,13006],{"class":148},[52,117590,152],{"class":66},[52,117592,12490],{"class":155},[52,117594,1115],{"class":66},[52,117596,15171],{"class":148},[52,117598,152],{"class":66},[52,117600,14685],{"class":155},[52,117602,742],{"class":66},[52,117604,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,117606,149],{"class":148},[52,117608,152],{"class":66},[52,117610,13006],{"class":148},[52,117612,152],{"class":66},[52,117614,12490],{"class":155},[52,117616,1709],{"class":66},[52,117618,2514],{"class":110},[52,117620,117621],{"class":66},"]),",[52,117623,15171],{"class":148},[52,117625,152],{"class":66},[52,117627,14685],{"class":155},[52,117629,1709],{"class":66},[52,117631,2514],{"class":110},[52,117633,3395],{"class":66},[52,117635,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,117637,149],{"class":148},[52,117639,152],{"class":66},[52,117641,734],{"class":646},[52,117643,152],{"class":66},[52,117645,12490],{"class":155},[52,117647,742],{"class":66},[14,117649,117650],{},"What they tell you:",[227,117652,117653,117658,117663,117668,117678],{},[230,117654,117655,117657],{},[49,117656,12551],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[230,117659,117660,117662],{},[49,117661,5084],{}," checks whether values are equal",[230,117664,117665,117667],{},[49,117666,43640],{}," shows the identity of an object",[230,117669,117670,117671,2262,117674,117677],{},"comparing ",[49,117672,117673],{},"id(original[0])",[49,117675,117676],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[230,117679,117680,117682],{},[49,117681,2699],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[37,117684,2220],{"id":2219},[487,117686,117688],{"id":117687},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117690,117691],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[487,117693,57426],{"id":57341},[14,117695,117696],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[487,117698,117700],{"id":117699},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117702,117703],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[487,117705,117707],{"id":117706},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117709,117710],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[487,117712,117714],{"id":117713},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117716,117717],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[37,117719,2277],{"id":2276},[227,117721,117722,117727,117733,117739,117743],{},[230,117723,117724],{},[26,117725,117726],{"href":12422},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[230,117728,117729],{},[26,117730,3969,117731,2292],{"href":55116},[49,117732,55757],{},[230,117734,117735],{},[26,117736,3969,117737,2292],{"href":12789},[49,117738,12792],{},[230,117740,117741],{},[26,117742,15319],{"href":57376},[230,117744,117745],{},[26,117746,117747],{"href":58651},"What is a list in Python?",[2315,117749,117750],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":117752},[117753,117754,117755,117756,117757,117758,117763,117764,117765,117766,117767,117768,117775],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":116208,"depth":70,"text":116209},{"id":116229,"depth":70,"text":116230},{"id":116472,"depth":70,"text":116473},{"id":116612,"depth":70,"text":116613},{"id":116728,"depth":70,"text":116729,"children":117759},[117760,117761,117762],{"id":116735,"depth":98,"text":116736},{"id":116804,"depth":98,"text":116805},{"id":116903,"depth":98,"text":116904},{"id":117017,"depth":70,"text":117018},{"id":117149,"depth":70,"text":117150},{"id":117263,"depth":70,"text":117264},{"id":117429,"depth":70,"text":117430},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":117769},[117770,117771,117772,117773,117774],{"id":117687,"depth":98,"text":117688},{"id":57341,"depth":98,"text":57426},{"id":117699,"depth":98,"text":117700},{"id":117706,"depth":98,"text":117707},{"id":117713,"depth":98,"text":117714},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116009,"description":117776},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117782,"title":117783,"body":117784,"description":119641,"extension":2357,"meta":119642,"navigation":141,"path":119643,"seo":119644,"stem":119645,"__hash__":119646},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117785,"toc":119599},[117786,117791,117796,117804,117806,117874,117879,117884,117899,117902,117904,117935,117937,117957,117960,117975,117977,117980,118053,118055,118100,118102,118113,118118,118122,118127,118130,118169,118171,118191,118194,118251,118253,118288,118291,118330,118332,118352,118355,118386,118388,118444,118446,118451,118522,118524,118557,118562,118567,118632,118634,118671,118674,118751,118753,118813,118820,118825,118828,118831,118912,118914,118955,118960,118963,119041,119043,119076,119085,119092,119095,119106,119109,119120,119124,119132,119141,119145,119150,119154,119159,119202,119205,119211,119214,119216,119263,119268,119272,119275,119324,119326,119347,119350,119352,119377,119380,119501,119506,119508,119513,119516,119521,119524,119532,119537,119544,119547,119555,119558,119560,119596],[10,117787,3969,117789,3973],{"id":117788},"python-sorted-function-explained",[49,117790,74583],{},[14,117792,117793,117795],{},[49,117794,74583],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117797,117798,117799,2203,117801,117803],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[49,117800,78026],{},[49,117802,74583],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[37,117805,4002],{"id":4001},[42,117807,117809],{"className":44,"code":117808,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[49,117810,117811,117831,117845,117849,117861],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117812,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117814,4012],{"class":58},[52,117816,63],{"class":62},[52,117818,4017],{"class":66},[52,117820,2457],{"class":110},[52,117822,193],{"class":66},[52,117824,5895],{"class":110},[52,117826,193],{"class":66},[52,117828,1570],{"class":110},[52,117830,4030],{"class":66},[52,117832,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,117834,2626],{"class":58},[52,117836,63],{"class":62},[52,117838,74717],{"class":148},[52,117840,152],{"class":66},[52,117842,1578],{"class":155},[52,117844,159],{"class":66},[52,117846,117847],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,117848,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,117850,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,117852,149],{"class":148},[52,117854,152],{"class":66},[52,117856,2661],{"class":155},[52,117858,4056],{"class":66},[52,117860,55844],{"class":1017},[52,117862,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,117864,149],{"class":148},[52,117866,152],{"class":66},[52,117868,1578],{"class":155},[52,117870,4056],{"class":66},[52,117872,117873],{"class":1017},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117875,117876,117878],{},[49,117877,74583],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[37,117880,4073,117882,4076],{"id":117881},"what-sorted-does",[49,117883,74583],{},[227,117885,117886,117890,117893,117896],{},[230,117887,117888,63084],{},[49,117889,74583],{},[230,117891,117892],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[230,117894,117895],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[230,117897,117898],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117900,117901],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[37,117903,2553],{"id":2552},[42,117905,117907],{"className":44,"code":117906,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[49,117908,117909],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117910,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117912,74673],{"class":148},[52,117914,152],{"class":66},[52,117916,4117],{"class":155},[52,117918,193],{"class":66},[52,117920,21717],{"class":834},[52,117922,63],{"class":62},[52,117924,4175],{"class":128},[52,117926,193],{"class":66},[52,117928,78229],{"class":834},[52,117930,63],{"class":62},[52,117932,4069],{"class":128},[52,117934,159],{"class":66},[487,117936,17530],{"id":17529},[227,117938,117939,117944,117949],{},[230,117940,117941,117943],{},[49,117942,4117],{},": the values to sort",[230,117945,117946,117948],{},[49,117947,257],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[230,117950,117951,117953,117954,117956],{},[49,117952,73736],{},": set to ",[49,117955,862],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117958,117959],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[42,117961,117963],{"className":44,"code":117962,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"sorted(my_values)\n",[49,117964,117965],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117966,117967,117969,117971,117973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117968,74673],{"class":148},[52,117970,152],{"class":66},[52,117972,60465],{"class":155},[52,117974,159],{"class":66},[37,117976,11837],{"id":11836},[14,117978,117979],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[42,117981,117983],{"className":44,"code":117982,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,117984,117985,118009,118013,118028,118032,118043],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,117986,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117988,4012],{"class":58},[52,117990,63],{"class":62},[52,117992,4017],{"class":66},[52,117994,2531],{"class":110},[52,117996,193],{"class":66},[52,117998,1570],{"class":110},[52,118000,193],{"class":66},[52,118002,6758],{"class":110},[52,118004,193],{"class":66},[52,118006,5895],{"class":110},[52,118008,4030],{"class":66},[52,118010,118011],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118012,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,118014,118015,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,118016,118017],{"class":58},"sorted_numbers ",[52,118019,63],{"class":62},[52,118021,74717],{"class":148},[52,118023,152],{"class":66},[52,118025,1578],{"class":155},[52,118027,159],{"class":66},[52,118029,118030],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,118031,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,118033,118034,118036,118038,118041],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,118035,149],{"class":148},[52,118037,152],{"class":66},[52,118039,118040],{"class":155},"sorted_numbers",[52,118042,159],{"class":66},[52,118044,118045,118047,118049,118051],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,118046,149],{"class":148},[52,118048,152],{"class":66},[52,118050,1578],{"class":155},[52,118052,159],{"class":66},[14,118054,164],{},[42,118056,118058],{"className":44,"code":118057,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[49,118059,118060,118080],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118061,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118063,1709],{"class":66},[52,118065,1565],{"class":110},[52,118067,193],{"class":66},[52,118069,1570],{"class":110},[52,118071,193],{"class":66},[52,118073,5002],{"class":110},[52,118075,193],{"class":66},[52,118077,6758],{"class":110},[52,118079,4030],{"class":66},[52,118081,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118083,1709],{"class":66},[52,118085,2531],{"class":110},[52,118087,193],{"class":66},[52,118089,1570],{"class":110},[52,118091,193],{"class":66},[52,118093,6758],{"class":110},[52,118095,193],{"class":66},[52,118097,5895],{"class":110},[52,118099,4030],{"class":66},[14,118101,14118],{},[227,118103,118104,118109],{},[230,118105,118106,118108],{},[49,118107,118040],{}," is a new sorted list",[230,118110,118111,112645],{},[49,118112,1578],{},[14,118114,118115,118116,35],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[26,118117,78536],{"href":78535},[37,118119,118121],{"id":118120},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118123,118124,118126],{},[49,118125,74583],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[487,118128,118129],{"id":8488},"List",[42,118131,118133],{"className":44,"code":118132,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[49,118134,118135,118155],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118136,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118138,4012],{"class":58},[52,118140,63],{"class":62},[52,118142,4017],{"class":66},[52,118144,2457],{"class":110},[52,118146,193],{"class":66},[52,118148,5895],{"class":110},[52,118150,193],{"class":66},[52,118152,1570],{"class":110},[52,118154,4030],{"class":66},[52,118156,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118158,149],{"class":148},[52,118160,152],{"class":66},[52,118162,74673],{"class":148},[52,118164,152],{"class":66},[52,118166,1578],{"class":155},[52,118168,742],{"class":66},[14,118170,164],{},[42,118172,118173],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,118174,118175],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118176,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118178,1709],{"class":66},[52,118180,1565],{"class":110},[52,118182,193],{"class":66},[52,118184,1570],{"class":110},[52,118186,193],{"class":66},[52,118188,2850],{"class":110},[52,118190,4030],{"class":66},[487,118192,118193],{"id":49107},"Tuple",[42,118195,118197],{"className":44,"code":118196,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[49,118198,118199,118219,118233],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118200,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118202,4218],{"class":58},[52,118204,63],{"class":62},[52,118206,1118],{"class":66},[52,118208,2457],{"class":110},[52,118210,193],{"class":66},[52,118212,5895],{"class":110},[52,118214,193],{"class":66},[52,118216,1570],{"class":110},[52,118218,159],{"class":66},[52,118220,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118222,149],{"class":148},[52,118224,152],{"class":66},[52,118226,74673],{"class":148},[52,118228,152],{"class":66},[52,118230,2071],{"class":155},[52,118232,742],{"class":66},[52,118234,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,118236,149],{"class":148},[52,118238,152],{"class":66},[52,118240,734],{"class":646},[52,118242,152],{"class":66},[52,118244,74673],{"class":148},[52,118246,152],{"class":66},[52,118248,2071],{"class":155},[52,118250,1291],{"class":66},[14,118252,164],{},[42,118254,118256],{"className":44,"code":118255,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[49,118257,118258,118274],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118259,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118261,1709],{"class":66},[52,118263,1565],{"class":110},[52,118265,193],{"class":66},[52,118267,1570],{"class":110},[52,118269,193],{"class":66},[52,118271,2850],{"class":110},[52,118273,4030],{"class":66},[52,118275,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118277,771],{"class":62},[52,118279,775],{"class":774},[52,118281,186],{"class":73},[52,118283,8488],{"class":77},[52,118285,177],{"class":73},[52,118287,785],{"class":62},[487,118289,118290],{"id":796},"Set",[42,118292,118294],{"className":44,"code":118293,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[49,118295,118296,118316],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118297,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118299,4218],{"class":58},[52,118301,63],{"class":62},[52,118303,1799],{"class":66},[52,118305,2457],{"class":110},[52,118307,193],{"class":66},[52,118309,5895],{"class":110},[52,118311,193],{"class":66},[52,118313,1570],{"class":110},[52,118315,135],{"class":66},[52,118317,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118319,149],{"class":148},[52,118321,152],{"class":66},[52,118323,74673],{"class":148},[52,118325,152],{"class":66},[52,118327,2071],{"class":155},[52,118329,742],{"class":66},[14,118331,164],{},[42,118333,118334],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,118335,118336],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118337,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118339,1709],{"class":66},[52,118341,1565],{"class":110},[52,118343,193],{"class":66},[52,118345,1570],{"class":110},[52,118347,193],{"class":66},[52,118349,2850],{"class":110},[52,118351,4030],{"class":66},[487,118353,118354],{"id":61332},"String",[42,118356,118358],{"className":44,"code":118357,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[49,118359,118360,118372],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118361,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118363,34832],{"class":58},[52,118365,63],{"class":62},[52,118367,87],{"class":73},[52,118369,46],{"class":77},[52,118371,297],{"class":73},[52,118373,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118375,149],{"class":148},[52,118377,152],{"class":66},[52,118379,74673],{"class":148},[52,118381,152],{"class":66},[52,118383,34853],{"class":155},[52,118385,742],{"class":66},[14,118387,164],{},[42,118389,118390],{"className":44,"code":79553,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,118391,118392],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118393,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118395,1709],{"class":66},[52,118397,177],{"class":73},[52,118399,60596],{"class":77},[52,118401,177],{"class":73},[52,118403,193],{"class":66},[52,118405,186],{"class":73},[52,118407,76189],{"class":77},[52,118409,177],{"class":73},[52,118411,193],{"class":66},[52,118413,186],{"class":73},[52,118415,60631],{"class":77},[52,118417,177],{"class":73},[52,118419,193],{"class":66},[52,118421,186],{"class":73},[52,118423,14],{"class":77},[52,118425,177],{"class":73},[52,118427,193],{"class":66},[52,118429,186],{"class":73},[52,118431,63445],{"class":77},[52,118433,177],{"class":73},[52,118435,193],{"class":66},[52,118437,186],{"class":73},[52,118439,12102],{"class":77},[52,118441,177],{"class":73},[52,118443,4030],{"class":66},[487,118445,29364],{"id":688},[14,118447,63698,118448,118450],{},[49,118449,74583],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[42,118452,118454],{"className":44,"code":118453,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[49,118455,118456,118508],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118457,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118459,13560],{"class":58},[52,118461,63],{"class":62},[52,118463,1799],{"class":66},[52,118465,81],{"class":73},[52,118467,78],{"class":77},[52,118469,81],{"class":73},[52,118471,84],{"class":66},[52,118473,87],{"class":73},[52,118475,90],{"class":77},[52,118477,81],{"class":73},[52,118479,193],{"class":66},[52,118481,87],{"class":73},[52,118483,103],{"class":77},[52,118485,81],{"class":73},[52,118487,84],{"class":66},[52,118489,111],{"class":110},[52,118491,193],{"class":66},[52,118493,87],{"class":73},[52,118495,1137],{"class":77},[52,118497,81],{"class":73},[52,118499,84],{"class":66},[52,118501,87],{"class":73},[52,118503,1146],{"class":77},[52,118505,81],{"class":73},[52,118507,135],{"class":66},[52,118509,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118511,149],{"class":148},[52,118513,152],{"class":66},[52,118515,74673],{"class":148},[52,118517,152],{"class":66},[52,118519,17442],{"class":155},[52,118521,742],{"class":66},[14,118523,164],{},[42,118525,118527],{"className":44,"code":118526,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[49,118528,118529],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118530,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118532,1709],{"class":66},[52,118534,177],{"class":73},[52,118536,103],{"class":77},[52,118538,177],{"class":73},[52,118540,193],{"class":66},[52,118542,186],{"class":73},[52,118544,1137],{"class":77},[52,118546,177],{"class":73},[52,118548,193],{"class":66},[52,118550,186],{"class":73},[52,118552,78],{"class":77},[52,118554,177],{"class":73},[52,118556,4030],{"class":66},[37,118558,8813,118560],{"id":118559},"using-reversetrue",[49,118561,78250],{},[14,118563,340,118564,118566],{},[49,118565,78250],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[42,118568,118570],{"className":44,"code":118569,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[49,118571,118572,118592,118596,118610],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118573,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118575,4012],{"class":58},[52,118577,63],{"class":62},[52,118579,4017],{"class":66},[52,118581,2457],{"class":110},[52,118583,193],{"class":66},[52,118585,5895],{"class":110},[52,118587,193],{"class":66},[52,118589,1570],{"class":110},[52,118591,4030],{"class":66},[52,118593,118594],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118595,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,118597,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,118599,149],{"class":148},[52,118601,152],{"class":66},[52,118603,74673],{"class":148},[52,118605,152],{"class":66},[52,118607,1578],{"class":155},[52,118609,742],{"class":66},[52,118611,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,118613,149],{"class":148},[52,118615,152],{"class":66},[52,118617,74673],{"class":148},[52,118619,152],{"class":66},[52,118621,1578],{"class":155},[52,118623,193],{"class":66},[52,118625,78229],{"class":834},[52,118627,63],{"class":62},[52,118629,862],{"class":128},[52,118631,742],{"class":66},[14,118633,164],{},[42,118635,118637],{"className":44,"code":118636,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[49,118638,118639,118655],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118640,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118642,1709],{"class":66},[52,118644,1565],{"class":110},[52,118646,193],{"class":66},[52,118648,1570],{"class":110},[52,118650,193],{"class":66},[52,118652,2850],{"class":110},[52,118654,4030],{"class":66},[52,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118658,1709],{"class":66},[52,118660,2457],{"class":110},[52,118662,193],{"class":66},[52,118664,1570],{"class":110},[52,118666,193],{"class":66},[52,118668,5895],{"class":110},[52,118670,4030],{"class":66},[14,118672,118673],{},"This also works with strings:",[42,118675,118677],{"className":44,"code":118676,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[49,118678,118679,118711,118715,118729],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118682,4465],{"class":58},[52,118684,63],{"class":62},[52,118686,4017],{"class":66},[52,118688,81],{"class":73},[52,118690,4474],{"class":77},[52,118692,81],{"class":73},[52,118694,193],{"class":66},[52,118696,87],{"class":73},[52,118698,4483],{"class":77},[52,118700,81],{"class":73},[52,118702,193],{"class":66},[52,118704,87],{"class":73},[52,118706,4492],{"class":77},[52,118708,81],{"class":73},[52,118710,4030],{"class":66},[52,118712,118713],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118714,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,118716,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,118718,149],{"class":148},[52,118720,152],{"class":66},[52,118722,74673],{"class":148},[52,118724,152],{"class":66},[52,118726,4509],{"class":155},[52,118728,742],{"class":66},[52,118730,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,118732,149],{"class":148},[52,118734,152],{"class":66},[52,118736,74673],{"class":148},[52,118738,152],{"class":66},[52,118740,4509],{"class":155},[52,118742,193],{"class":66},[52,118744,78229],{"class":834},[52,118746,63],{"class":62},[52,118748,862],{"class":128},[52,118750,742],{"class":66},[14,118752,164],{},[42,118754,118755],{"className":44,"code":74317,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,118756,118757,118785],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118758,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118760,1709],{"class":66},[52,118762,177],{"class":73},[52,118764,4474],{"class":77},[52,118766,177],{"class":73},[52,118768,193],{"class":66},[52,118770,186],{"class":73},[52,118772,4483],{"class":77},[52,118774,177],{"class":73},[52,118776,193],{"class":66},[52,118778,186],{"class":73},[52,118780,4492],{"class":77},[52,118782,177],{"class":73},[52,118784,4030],{"class":66},[52,118786,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118788,1709],{"class":66},[52,118790,177],{"class":73},[52,118792,4492],{"class":77},[52,118794,177],{"class":73},[52,118796,193],{"class":66},[52,118798,186],{"class":73},[52,118800,4483],{"class":77},[52,118802,177],{"class":73},[52,118804,193],{"class":66},[52,118806,186],{"class":73},[52,118808,4474],{"class":77},[52,118810,177],{"class":73},[52,118812,4030],{"class":66},[37,118814,8813,118816,118819],{"id":118815},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[49,118817,118818],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118821,2374,118822,118824],{},[49,118823,118818],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118826,118827],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118829,118830],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[42,118832,118834],{"className":44,"code":118833,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[49,118835,118836,118876,118880,118902],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118837,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118839,4465],{"class":58},[52,118841,63],{"class":62},[52,118843,4017],{"class":66},[52,118845,81],{"class":73},[52,118847,78903],{"class":77},[52,118849,81],{"class":73},[52,118851,193],{"class":66},[52,118853,87],{"class":73},[52,118855,38507],{"class":77},[52,118857,81],{"class":73},[52,118859,193],{"class":66},[52,118861,87],{"class":73},[52,118863,4483],{"class":77},[52,118865,81],{"class":73},[52,118867,193],{"class":66},[52,118869,87],{"class":73},[52,118871,38490],{"class":77},[52,118873,81],{"class":73},[52,118875,4030],{"class":66},[52,118877,118878],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,118879,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,118881,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,118883,2626],{"class":58},[52,118885,63],{"class":62},[52,118887,74717],{"class":148},[52,118889,152],{"class":66},[52,118891,4509],{"class":155},[52,118893,193],{"class":66},[52,118895,21717],{"class":834},[52,118897,63],{"class":62},[52,118899,2082],{"class":148},[52,118901,159],{"class":66},[52,118903,118904,118906,118908,118910],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,118905,149],{"class":148},[52,118907,152],{"class":66},[52,118909,2661],{"class":155},[52,118911,159],{"class":66},[14,118913,164],{},[42,118915,118917],{"className":44,"code":118916,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[49,118918,118919],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118920,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118922,1709],{"class":66},[52,118924,177],{"class":73},[52,118926,38507],{"class":77},[52,118928,177],{"class":73},[52,118930,193],{"class":66},[52,118932,186],{"class":73},[52,118934,78903],{"class":77},[52,118936,177],{"class":73},[52,118938,193],{"class":66},[52,118940,186],{"class":73},[52,118942,38490],{"class":77},[52,118944,177],{"class":73},[52,118946,193],{"class":66},[52,118948,186],{"class":73},[52,118950,4483],{"class":77},[52,118952,177],{"class":73},[52,118954,4030],{"class":66},[14,118956,20908,118957,118959],{},[49,118958,2082],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118961,118962],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[42,118964,118966],{"className":44,"code":118965,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[49,118967,118968,119001,119005,119031],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,118969,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118997,118999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118971,4465],{"class":58},[52,118973,63],{"class":62},[52,118975,4017],{"class":66},[52,118977,81],{"class":73},[52,118979,83522],{"class":77},[52,118981,81],{"class":73},[52,118983,193],{"class":66},[52,118985,87],{"class":73},[52,118987,4474],{"class":77},[52,118989,81],{"class":73},[52,118991,193],{"class":66},[52,118993,87],{"class":73},[52,118995,118996],{"class":77},"Cherry",[52,118998,81],{"class":73},[52,119000,4030],{"class":66},[52,119002,119003],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119004,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,119006,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,119008,2626],{"class":58},[52,119010,63],{"class":62},[52,119012,74717],{"class":148},[52,119014,152],{"class":66},[52,119016,4509],{"class":155},[52,119018,193],{"class":66},[52,119020,21717],{"class":834},[52,119022,63],{"class":62},[52,119024,3836],{"class":646},[52,119026,35],{"class":66},[52,119028,9037],{"class":24889},[52,119030,159],{"class":66},[52,119032,119033,119035,119037,119039],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,119034,149],{"class":148},[52,119036,152],{"class":66},[52,119038,2661],{"class":155},[52,119040,159],{"class":66},[14,119042,164],{},[42,119044,119046],{"className":44,"code":119045,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[49,119047,119048],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119049,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119051,1709],{"class":66},[52,119053,177],{"class":73},[52,119055,4474],{"class":77},[52,119057,177],{"class":73},[52,119059,193],{"class":66},[52,119061,186],{"class":73},[52,119063,83522],{"class":77},[52,119065,177],{"class":73},[52,119067,193],{"class":66},[52,119069,186],{"class":73},[52,119071,118996],{"class":77},[52,119073,177],{"class":73},[52,119075,4030],{"class":66},[14,119077,119078,119079,35475,119081,35],{},"You can learn more about ",[49,119080,42512],{},[26,119082,3969,119083,3902],{"href":42509},[49,119084,42512],{},[37,119086,119088,10954,119090],{"id":119087},"sorted-vs-listsort",[49,119089,74583],{},[49,119091,78026],{},[14,119093,119094],{},"The main difference is this:",[227,119096,119097,119102],{},[230,119098,119099,119101],{},[49,119100,74583],{}," returns a new list",[230,119103,119104,74121],{},[49,119105,78026],{},[14,119107,119108],{},"Also:",[227,119110,119111,119116],{},[230,119112,119113,119115],{},[49,119114,74583],{}," works with many iterables",[230,119117,119118,79459],{},[49,119119,78026],{},[14,119121,340,119122,10970],{},[49,119123,74583],{},[227,119125,119126,119129],{},[230,119127,119128],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[230,119130,119131],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119133,119134,119135,35],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[26,119136,3969,119137,10954,119139,6181],{"href":79284},[49,119138,74583],{},[49,119140,78026],{},[37,119142,119144],{"id":119143},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119146,119147,119148,35],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[49,119149,74583],{},[487,119151,119153],{"id":119152},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119155,119156,119157,84],{},"This can raise a ",[49,119158,3401],{},[42,119160,119162],{"className":44,"code":119161,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[49,119163,119164,119188],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119165,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119167,4218],{"class":58},[52,119169,63],{"class":62},[52,119171,4017],{"class":66},[52,119173,1565],{"class":110},[52,119175,193],{"class":66},[52,119177,87],{"class":73},[52,119179,2451],{"class":77},[52,119181,81],{"class":73},[52,119183,193],{"class":66},[52,119185,2850],{"class":110},[52,119187,4030],{"class":66},[52,119189,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119191,149],{"class":148},[52,119193,152],{"class":66},[52,119195,74673],{"class":148},[52,119197,152],{"class":66},[52,119199,2071],{"class":155},[52,119201,742],{"class":66},[14,119203,119204],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[487,119206,119208,119209,2700],{"id":119207},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[49,119210,257],{},[14,119212,119213],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119215,511],{},[42,119217,119219],{"className":44,"code":119218,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[49,119220,119221,119241],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119222,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119224,4012],{"class":58},[52,119226,63],{"class":62},[52,119228,4017],{"class":66},[52,119230,2728],{"class":110},[52,119232,193],{"class":66},[52,119234,1570],{"class":110},[52,119236,193],{"class":66},[52,119238,1929],{"class":110},[52,119240,4030],{"class":66},[52,119242,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119244,149],{"class":148},[52,119246,152],{"class":66},[52,119248,74673],{"class":148},[52,119250,152],{"class":66},[52,119252,1578],{"class":155},[52,119254,193],{"class":66},[52,119256,21717],{"class":834},[52,119258,63],{"class":62},[52,119260,2082],{"class":148},[52,119262,742],{"class":66},[14,119264,48664,119265,119267],{},[49,119266,42512],{}," does not work on integers.",[487,119269,119271],{"id":119270},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119273,119274],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[42,119276,119278],{"className":44,"code":119277,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,119279,119280,119300,119310,119314],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119281,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119283,4012],{"class":58},[52,119285,63],{"class":62},[52,119287,4017],{"class":66},[52,119289,2457],{"class":110},[52,119291,193],{"class":66},[52,119293,5895],{"class":110},[52,119295,193],{"class":66},[52,119297,1570],{"class":110},[52,119299,4030],{"class":66},[52,119301,119302,119304,119306,119308],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119303,74673],{"class":148},[52,119305,152],{"class":66},[52,119307,1578],{"class":155},[52,119309,159],{"class":66},[52,119311,119312],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,119313,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,119315,119316,119318,119320,119322],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,119317,149],{"class":148},[52,119319,152],{"class":66},[52,119321,1578],{"class":155},[52,119323,159],{"class":66},[14,119325,164],{},[42,119327,119329],{"className":44,"code":119328,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[49,119330,119331],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119332,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119334,1709],{"class":66},[52,119336,2457],{"class":110},[52,119338,193],{"class":66},[52,119340,5895],{"class":110},[52,119342,193],{"class":66},[52,119344,1570],{"class":110},[52,119346,4030],{"class":66},[14,119348,119349],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[37,119351,1743],{"id":1742},[227,119353,119354,119358,119361,119366,119370],{},[230,119355,4976,119356,74121],{},[49,119357,74583],{},[230,119359,119360],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[230,119362,5100,119363,119365],{},[49,119364,74583],{}," always returns a list",[230,119367,8813,119368,23242],{},[49,119369,118818],{},[230,119371,29791,119372,119374,119375],{},[49,119373,64470],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[49,119376,74583],{},[14,119378,119379],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[42,119381,119383],{"className":44,"code":119382,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[49,119384,119385,119407,119433,119471],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119386,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119388,149],{"class":148},[52,119390,152],{"class":66},[52,119392,74673],{"class":148},[52,119394,2152],{"class":66},[52,119396,2457],{"class":110},[52,119398,193],{"class":66},[52,119400,5895],{"class":110},[52,119402,193],{"class":66},[52,119404,1570],{"class":110},[52,119406,3395],{"class":66},[52,119408,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119410,149],{"class":148},[52,119412,152],{"class":66},[52,119414,734],{"class":646},[52,119416,152],{"class":66},[52,119418,74673],{"class":148},[52,119420,5908],{"class":66},[52,119422,2457],{"class":110},[52,119424,193],{"class":66},[52,119426,5895],{"class":110},[52,119428,193],{"class":66},[52,119430,1570],{"class":110},[52,119432,93526],{"class":66},[52,119434,119435,119437,119439,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,119436,149],{"class":148},[52,119438,152],{"class":66},[52,119440,74673],{"class":148},[52,119442,2152],{"class":66},[52,119444,177],{"class":73},[52,119446,83522],{"class":77},[52,119448,177],{"class":73},[52,119450,193],{"class":66},[52,119452,186],{"class":73},[52,119454,4474],{"class":77},[52,119456,177],{"class":73},[52,119458,18198],{"class":66},[52,119460,21717],{"class":834},[52,119462,63],{"class":62},[52,119464,3836],{"class":646},[52,119466,35],{"class":66},[52,119468,9037],{"class":24889},[52,119470,742],{"class":66},[52,119472,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,119474,149],{"class":148},[52,119476,152],{"class":66},[52,119478,74673],{"class":148},[52,119480,2152],{"class":66},[52,119482,2457],{"class":110},[52,119484,193],{"class":66},[52,119486,5895],{"class":110},[52,119488,193],{"class":66},[52,119490,1570],{"class":110},[52,119492,18198],{"class":66},[52,119494,78229],{"class":834},[52,119496,63],{"class":62},[52,119498,862],{"class":128},[52,119500,742],{"class":66},[14,119502,119503,119504,35],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[26,119505,52927],{"href":51134},[37,119507,2220],{"id":2219},[487,119509,13061,119511,57320],{"id":119510},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[49,119512,74583],{},[14,119514,119515],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[487,119517,5539,119519,13073],{"id":119518},"what-does-sorted-return",[49,119520,74583],{},[14,119522,119523],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[487,119525,119527,119528,11456,119530,2265],{"id":119526},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[49,119529,74583],{},[49,119531,78026],{},[14,119533,340,119534,119536],{},[49,119535,74583],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[487,119538,5539,119540,86610,119542,2265],{"id":119539},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[49,119541,118818],{},[49,119543,74583],{},[14,119545,119546],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[487,119548,5555,119550,119552,119553,2265],{"id":119549},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[49,119551,74583],{}," give a ",[49,119554,3401],{},[14,119556,119557],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[37,119559,2277],{"id":2276},[227,119561,119562,119566,119574,119578,119584,119590],{},[230,119563,119564],{},[26,119565,80032],{"href":78535},[230,119567,119568],{},[26,119569,3969,119570,10954,119572,6181],{"href":79284},[49,119571,74583],{},[49,119573,78026],{},[230,119575,119576],{},[26,119577,52927],{"href":51134},[230,119579,119580],{},[26,119581,3969,119582,3902],{"href":42509},[49,119583,42512],{},[230,119585,119586],{},[26,119587,3969,119588,3902],{"href":92182},[49,119589,35895],{},[230,119591,119592],{},[26,119593,3969,119594,3902],{"href":36342},[49,119595,36345],{},[2315,119597,119598],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":119600},[119601,119602,119604,119607,119608,119615,119617,119619,119621,119627,119628,119640],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":117881,"depth":70,"text":119603},"What sorted() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":119605},[119606],{"id":17529,"depth":98,"text":17530},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":118120,"depth":70,"text":118121,"children":119609},[119610,119611,119612,119613,119614],{"id":8488,"depth":98,"text":118129},{"id":49107,"depth":98,"text":118193},{"id":796,"depth":98,"text":118290},{"id":61332,"depth":98,"text":118354},{"id":688,"depth":98,"text":29364},{"id":118559,"depth":70,"text":119616},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118815,"depth":70,"text":119618},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119087,"depth":70,"text":119620},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119143,"depth":70,"text":119144,"children":119622},[119623,119624,119626],{"id":119152,"depth":98,"text":119153},{"id":119207,"depth":98,"text":119625},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119270,"depth":98,"text":119271},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":119629},[119630,119632,119634,119636,119638],{"id":119510,"depth":98,"text":119631},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119518,"depth":98,"text":119633},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119526,"depth":98,"text":119635},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119539,"depth":98,"text":119637},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119549,"depth":98,"text":119639},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117783,"description":119641},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119648,"title":119649,"body":119650,"description":121761,"extension":2357,"meta":121762,"navigation":141,"path":79284,"seo":121763,"stem":121764,"__hash__":121765},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119651,"toc":121708},[119652,119659,119662,119672,119678,119681,119699,119707,119709,119768,119776,119780,119802,119806,119810,119812,119829,119831,119843,119849,119933,119937,119984,119990,119997,120001,120006,120008,120020,120025,120078,120082,120102,120109,120116,120120,120123,120142,120146,120260,120264,120334,120336,120348,120353,120357,120370,120374,120449,120453,120492,120499,120505,120510,120514,120528,120532,120597,120601,120634,120637,120642,120650,120657,120670,120673,120677,120760,120764,120801,120805,120908,120912,120973,120978,120985,120989,120992,120998,121001,121068,121072,121096,121098,121116,121123,121176,121180,121200,121206,121208,121265,121272,121298,121303,121308,121316,121322,121382,121386,121433,121436,121438,121441,121467,121470,121563,121565,121585,121589,121592,121610,121616,121618,121626,121631,121638,121641,121647,121650,121656,121664,121672,121677,121679,121705],[10,119653,3969,119655,10954,119657,93240],{"id":119654},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[49,119656,74583],{},[49,119658,78026],{},[14,119660,119661],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[227,119663,119664,119668],{},[230,119665,119666],{},[49,119667,74583],{},[230,119669,119670],{},[49,119671,78026],{},[14,119673,119674,119675,119677],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[18,119676,1006],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119679,119680],{},"The main difference is simple:",[227,119682,119683,119691],{},[230,119684,340,119685,119687,119688],{},[49,119686,74583],{}," when you want a ",[18,119689,119690],{},"new sorted result",[230,119692,340,119693,119695,119696],{},[49,119694,78026],{}," when you want to ",[18,119697,119698],{},"change the original list",[14,119700,119701,119702,2795,119704,119706],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[49,119703,78026],{},[49,119705,4175],{}," and causes confusion.",[37,119708,4002],{"id":4001},[42,119710,119712],{"className":44,"code":119711,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[49,119713,119714,119734,119738,119755],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119715,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119717,4012],{"class":58},[52,119719,63],{"class":62},[52,119721,4017],{"class":66},[52,119723,2457],{"class":110},[52,119725,193],{"class":66},[52,119727,5895],{"class":110},[52,119729,193],{"class":66},[52,119731,1570],{"class":110},[52,119733,4030],{"class":66},[52,119735,119736],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119737,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,119739,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750,119752],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,119741,56046],{"class":58},[52,119743,63],{"class":62},[52,119745,74717],{"class":148},[52,119747,152],{"class":66},[52,119749,1578],{"class":155},[52,119751,4056],{"class":66},[52,119753,119754],{"class":1017},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[52,119756,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,119758,1578],{"class":58},[52,119760,35],{"class":66},[52,119762,34944],{"class":155},[52,119764,7762],{"class":66},[52,119766,119767],{"class":1017},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119769,340,119770,119772,119773,119775],{},[49,119771,74583],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[49,119774,78026],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[37,119777,119779],{"id":119778},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[227,119781,119782,119787,119792,119799],{},[230,119783,340,119784,119786],{},[49,119785,74583],{}," to get a new sorted list",[230,119788,340,119789,119791],{},[49,119790,78026],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[230,119793,119794,119795,2795,119797],{},"Understand why ",[49,119796,78026],{},[49,119798,4175],{},[230,119800,119801],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[37,119803,4073,119804,4076],{"id":117881},[49,119805,74583],{},[14,119807,119808,63084],{},[49,119809,74583],{},[14,119811,49081],{},[227,119813,119814,119820,119826],{},[230,119815,119816,119817],{},"returns a ",[18,119818,119819],{},"new list",[230,119821,119822,119823,119825],{},"does ",[18,119824,1006],{}," change the original data",[230,119827,119828],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119830,51288],{},[227,119832,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841],{},[230,119834,5697],{},[230,119836,5700],{},[230,119838,5706],{},[230,119840,5703],{},[230,119842,36056],{},[487,119844,35223,119846,119848],{"id":119845},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[49,119847,74583],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[42,119850,119852],{"className":44,"code":119851,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[49,119853,119854,119874,119878,119892,119896,119914],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119855,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119857,4012],{"class":58},[52,119859,63],{"class":62},[52,119861,4017],{"class":66},[52,119863,2457],{"class":110},[52,119865,193],{"class":66},[52,119867,5895],{"class":110},[52,119869,193],{"class":66},[52,119871,1570],{"class":110},[52,119873,4030],{"class":66},[52,119875,119876],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119877,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,119879,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,119881,2626],{"class":58},[52,119883,63],{"class":62},[52,119885,74717],{"class":148},[52,119887,152],{"class":66},[52,119889,1578],{"class":155},[52,119891,159],{"class":66},[52,119893,119894],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,119895,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,119897,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,119899,149],{"class":148},[52,119901,152],{"class":66},[52,119903,81],{"class":73},[52,119905,12511],{"class":77},[52,119907,81],{"class":73},[52,119909,193],{"class":66},[52,119911,4659],{"class":155},[52,119913,159],{"class":66},[52,119915,119916,119918,119920,119922,119925,119927,119929,119931],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,119917,149],{"class":148},[52,119919,152],{"class":66},[52,119921,81],{"class":73},[52,119923,119924],{"class":77},"sorted result:",[52,119926,81],{"class":73},[52,119928,193],{"class":66},[52,119930,81376],{"class":155},[52,119932,159],{"class":66},[14,119934,119935],{},[18,119936,164],{},[42,119938,119940],{"className":44,"code":119939,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,119941,119942,119962],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,119943,119944,119946,119948,119950,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119945,12490],{"class":58},[52,119947,84],{"class":66},[52,119949,4017],{"class":66},[52,119951,2457],{"class":110},[52,119953,193],{"class":66},[52,119955,5895],{"class":110},[52,119957,193],{"class":66},[52,119959,1570],{"class":110},[52,119961,4030],{"class":66},[52,119963,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,119965,74673],{"class":148},[52,119967,81376],{"class":58},[52,119969,84],{"class":66},[52,119971,4017],{"class":66},[52,119973,1565],{"class":110},[52,119975,193],{"class":66},[52,119977,1570],{"class":110},[52,119979,193],{"class":66},[52,119981,2850],{"class":110},[52,119983,4030],{"class":66},[14,119985,119986,119987,119989],{},"The important part is that ",[49,119988,1578],{}," stays the same.",[14,119991,119992,119993,35],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[26,119994,3969,119995,3902],{"href":74680},[49,119996,74583],{},[37,119998,4073,119999,4076],{"id":78092},[49,120000,78026],{},[14,120002,120003,120005],{},[49,120004,64470],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,120007,49081],{},[227,120009,120010,120013,120016],{},[230,120011,120012],{},"changes the original list directly",[230,120014,120015],{},"only works on lists",[230,120017,4088,120018],{},[49,120019,4175],{},[487,120021,35223,120023,74121],{"id":120022},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[49,120024,78026],{},[42,120026,120028],{"className":44,"code":120027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,120029,120030,120050,120054,120064,120068],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120031,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120033,4012],{"class":58},[52,120035,63],{"class":62},[52,120037,4017],{"class":66},[52,120039,2457],{"class":110},[52,120041,193],{"class":66},[52,120043,5895],{"class":110},[52,120045,193],{"class":66},[52,120047,1570],{"class":110},[52,120049,4030],{"class":66},[52,120051,120052],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120053,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120055,120056,120058,120060,120062],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120057,1578],{"class":58},[52,120059,35],{"class":66},[52,120061,34944],{"class":155},[52,120063,650],{"class":66},[52,120065,120066],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,120067,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120069,120070,120072,120074,120076],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,120071,149],{"class":148},[52,120073,152],{"class":66},[52,120075,1578],{"class":155},[52,120077,159],{"class":66},[14,120079,120080],{},[18,120081,164],{},[42,120083,120084],{"className":44,"code":55306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,120085,120086],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120087,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120089,1709],{"class":66},[52,120091,1565],{"class":110},[52,120093,193],{"class":66},[52,120095,1570],{"class":110},[52,120097,193],{"class":66},[52,120099,2850],{"class":110},[52,120101,4030],{"class":66},[14,120103,120104,120105,120108],{},"After calling ",[49,120106,120107],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120110,120111,120112,35],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[26,120113,3969,120114,2292],{"href":74934},[49,120115,78026],{},[37,120117,120119],{"id":120118},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120121,120122],{},"Here is the core difference:",[227,120124,120125,120134],{},[230,120126,120127,120130,120131],{},[49,120128,120129],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[18,120132,120133],{},"new sorted list",[230,120135,120136,120139,120140,74491],{},[49,120137,120138],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[49,120141,8734],{},[487,120143,120145],{"id":120144},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[42,120147,120149],{"className":44,"code":120148,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[49,120150,120151,120171,120175,120189,120208,120227,120231,120241],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120152,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120154,4012],{"class":58},[52,120156,63],{"class":62},[52,120158,4017],{"class":66},[52,120160,2531],{"class":110},[52,120162,193],{"class":66},[52,120164,1570],{"class":110},[52,120166,193],{"class":66},[52,120168,2856],{"class":110},[52,120170,4030],{"class":66},[52,120172,120173],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120174,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120176,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120178,2953],{"class":58},[52,120180,63],{"class":62},[52,120182,74717],{"class":148},[52,120184,152],{"class":66},[52,120186,1578],{"class":155},[52,120188,159],{"class":66},[52,120190,120191,120193,120195,120197,120200,120202,120204,120206],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,120192,149],{"class":148},[52,120194,152],{"class":66},[52,120196,81],{"class":73},[52,120198,120199],{"class":77},"numbers after sorted():",[52,120201,81],{"class":73},[52,120203,193],{"class":66},[52,120205,4659],{"class":155},[52,120207,159],{"class":66},[52,120209,120210,120212,120214,120216,120219,120221,120223,120225],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,120211,149],{"class":148},[52,120213,152],{"class":66},[52,120215,81],{"class":73},[52,120217,120218],{"class":77},"a:",[52,120220,81],{"class":73},[52,120222,193],{"class":66},[52,120224,57044],{"class":155},[52,120226,159],{"class":66},[52,120228,120229],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120230,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120232,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,120234,1578],{"class":58},[52,120236,35],{"class":66},[52,120238,34944],{"class":155},[52,120240,650],{"class":66},[52,120242,120243,120245,120247,120249,120252,120254,120256,120258],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,120244,149],{"class":148},[52,120246,152],{"class":66},[52,120248,81],{"class":73},[52,120250,120251],{"class":77},"numbers after sort():",[52,120253,81],{"class":73},[52,120255,193],{"class":66},[52,120257,4659],{"class":155},[52,120259,159],{"class":66},[14,120261,120262],{},[18,120263,164],{},[42,120265,120267],{"className":44,"code":120266,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[49,120268,120269,120292,120312],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120270,120271,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120272,120273],{"class":58},"numbers after ",[52,120275,74673],{"class":148},[52,120277,29725],{"class":66},[52,120279,4017],{"class":66},[52,120281,2531],{"class":110},[52,120283,193],{"class":66},[52,120285,1570],{"class":110},[52,120287,193],{"class":66},[52,120289,2856],{"class":110},[52,120291,4030],{"class":66},[52,120293,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120295,26],{"class":58},[52,120297,84],{"class":66},[52,120299,4017],{"class":66},[52,120301,2451],{"class":110},[52,120303,193],{"class":66},[52,120305,2856],{"class":110},[52,120307,193],{"class":66},[52,120309,5002],{"class":110},[52,120311,4030],{"class":66},[52,120313,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120315,120273],{"class":58},[52,120317,34944],{"class":155},[52,120319,29725],{"class":66},[52,120321,4017],{"class":66},[52,120323,2451],{"class":110},[52,120325,193],{"class":66},[52,120327,2856],{"class":110},[52,120329,193],{"class":66},[52,120331,5002],{"class":110},[52,120333,4030],{"class":66},[14,120335,11082],{},[227,120337,120338,120343],{},[230,120339,120340,120342],{},[49,120341,74583],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[230,120344,120345,120347],{},[49,120346,64470],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[37,120349,5358,120351],{"id":120350},"when-to-use-sorted",[49,120352,74583],{},[14,120354,340,120355,10970],{},[49,120356,74583],{},[227,120358,120359,120362,120364,120367],{},[230,120360,120361],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[230,120363,119131],{},[230,120365,120366],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[230,120368,120369],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[487,120371,120373],{"id":120372},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[42,120375,120377],{"className":44,"code":120376,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,120378,120379,120403,120407,120421,120425,120435],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120380,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120382,4012],{"class":58},[52,120384,63],{"class":62},[52,120386,1118],{"class":66},[52,120388,2903],{"class":110},[52,120390,193],{"class":66},[52,120392,5895],{"class":110},[52,120394,193],{"class":66},[52,120396,2850],{"class":110},[52,120398,193],{"class":66},[52,120400,1570],{"class":110},[52,120402,159],{"class":66},[52,120404,120405],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120406,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120408,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120410,2626],{"class":58},[52,120412,63],{"class":62},[52,120414,74717],{"class":148},[52,120416,152],{"class":66},[52,120418,1578],{"class":155},[52,120420,159],{"class":66},[52,120422,120423],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,120424,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120426,120427,120429,120431,120433],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,120428,149],{"class":148},[52,120430,152],{"class":66},[52,120432,2661],{"class":155},[52,120434,159],{"class":66},[52,120436,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120438,149],{"class":148},[52,120440,152],{"class":66},[52,120442,734],{"class":646},[52,120444,152],{"class":66},[52,120446,2661],{"class":155},[52,120448,742],{"class":66},[14,120450,120451],{},[18,120452,164],{},[42,120454,120456],{"className":44,"code":120455,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[49,120457,120458,120478],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120459,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120461,1709],{"class":66},[52,120463,1565],{"class":110},[52,120465,193],{"class":66},[52,120467,1570],{"class":110},[52,120469,193],{"class":66},[52,120471,2850],{"class":110},[52,120473,193],{"class":66},[52,120475,2856],{"class":110},[52,120477,4030],{"class":66},[52,120479,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120481,771],{"class":62},[52,120483,775],{"class":774},[52,120485,186],{"class":73},[52,120487,8488],{"class":77},[52,120489,177],{"class":73},[52,120491,785],{"class":62},[14,120493,2683,120494,120496,120497,35],{},[49,120495,74583],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[18,120498,8488],{},[14,120500,120501,120502,120504],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[26,120503,52927],{"href":51134}," is a helpful next step.",[37,120506,5358,120508],{"id":120507},"when-to-use-listsort",[49,120509,78026],{},[14,120511,340,120512,10970],{},[49,120513,78026],{},[227,120515,120516,120519,120522,120525],{},[230,120517,120518],{},"you already have a list",[230,120520,120521],{},"you want to update that list directly",[230,120523,120524],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[230,120526,120527],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[487,120529,120531],{"id":120530},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[42,120533,120535],{"className":44,"code":120534,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[49,120536,120537,120569,120573,120583,120587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120538,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120540,5392],{"class":58},[52,120542,63],{"class":62},[52,120544,4017],{"class":66},[52,120546,81],{"class":73},[52,120548,5419],{"class":77},[52,120550,81],{"class":73},[52,120552,193],{"class":66},[52,120554,87],{"class":73},[52,120556,5401],{"class":77},[52,120558,81],{"class":73},[52,120560,193],{"class":66},[52,120562,87],{"class":73},[52,120564,5410],{"class":77},[52,120566,81],{"class":73},[52,120568,4030],{"class":66},[52,120570,120571],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120572,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120574,120575,120577,120579,120581],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120576,5436],{"class":58},[52,120578,35],{"class":66},[52,120580,34944],{"class":155},[52,120582,650],{"class":66},[52,120584,120585],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,120586,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120588,120589,120591,120593,120595],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,120590,149],{"class":148},[52,120592,152],{"class":66},[52,120594,5436],{"class":155},[52,120596,159],{"class":66},[14,120598,120599],{},[18,120600,164],{},[42,120602,120604],{"className":44,"code":120603,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[49,120605,120606],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120609,1709],{"class":66},[52,120611,177],{"class":73},[52,120613,5401],{"class":77},[52,120615,177],{"class":73},[52,120617,193],{"class":66},[52,120619,186],{"class":73},[52,120621,5410],{"class":77},[52,120623,177],{"class":73},[52,120625,193],{"class":66},[52,120627,186],{"class":73},[52,120629,5419],{"class":77},[52,120631,177],{"class":73},[52,120633,4030],{"class":66},[14,120635,120636],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120638,120639,120640,35],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[26,120641,80032],{"href":78535},[37,120643,120645,2262,120647,120649],{"id":120644},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[49,120646,73736],{},[49,120648,257],{}," work with both",[14,120651,10959,120652,2262,120654,120656],{},[49,120653,74583],{},[49,120655,78026],{}," support:",[227,120658,120659,120664],{},[230,120660,120661,120663],{},[49,120662,78250],{}," for descending order",[230,120665,120666,120669],{},[49,120667,120668],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120671,120672],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[487,120674,120676],{"id":120675},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[42,120678,120680],{"className":44,"code":120679,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,120681,120682,120702,120706,120728,120732,120750],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120683,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120685,4012],{"class":58},[52,120687,63],{"class":62},[52,120689,4017],{"class":66},[52,120691,2457],{"class":110},[52,120693,193],{"class":66},[52,120695,5895],{"class":110},[52,120697,193],{"class":66},[52,120699,1570],{"class":110},[52,120701,4030],{"class":66},[52,120703,120704],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120705,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120707,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120709,149],{"class":148},[52,120711,152],{"class":66},[52,120713,74673],{"class":148},[52,120715,152],{"class":66},[52,120717,1578],{"class":155},[52,120719,193],{"class":66},[52,120721,78229],{"class":834},[52,120723,63],{"class":62},[52,120725,862],{"class":128},[52,120727,742],{"class":66},[52,120729,120730],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,120731,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120733,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,120735,1578],{"class":58},[52,120737,35],{"class":66},[52,120739,34944],{"class":155},[52,120741,152],{"class":66},[52,120743,73736],{"class":834},[52,120745,63],{"class":62},[52,120747,862],{"class":128},[52,120749,159],{"class":66},[52,120751,120752,120754,120756,120758],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120753,149],{"class":148},[52,120755,152],{"class":66},[52,120757,1578],{"class":155},[52,120759,159],{"class":66},[14,120761,120762],{},[18,120763,164],{},[42,120765,120767],{"className":44,"code":120766,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[49,120768,120769,120785],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120770,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120772,1709],{"class":66},[52,120774,2457],{"class":110},[52,120776,193],{"class":66},[52,120778,1570],{"class":110},[52,120780,193],{"class":66},[52,120782,5895],{"class":110},[52,120784,4030],{"class":66},[52,120786,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120788,1709],{"class":66},[52,120790,2457],{"class":110},[52,120792,193],{"class":66},[52,120794,1570],{"class":110},[52,120796,193],{"class":66},[52,120798,5895],{"class":110},[52,120800,4030],{"class":66},[487,120802,120804],{"id":120803},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[42,120806,120808],{"className":44,"code":120807,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[49,120809,120810,120842,120846,120872,120876,120898],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120811,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120813,4465],{"class":58},[52,120815,63],{"class":62},[52,120817,4017],{"class":66},[52,120819,81],{"class":73},[52,120821,83522],{"class":77},[52,120823,81],{"class":73},[52,120825,193],{"class":66},[52,120827,87],{"class":73},[52,120829,4474],{"class":77},[52,120831,81],{"class":73},[52,120833,193],{"class":66},[52,120835,87],{"class":73},[52,120837,118996],{"class":77},[52,120839,81],{"class":73},[52,120841,4030],{"class":66},[52,120843,120844],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120845,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120847,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,120849,149],{"class":148},[52,120851,152],{"class":66},[52,120853,74673],{"class":148},[52,120855,152],{"class":66},[52,120857,4509],{"class":155},[52,120859,193],{"class":66},[52,120861,21717],{"class":834},[52,120863,63],{"class":62},[52,120865,3836],{"class":646},[52,120867,35],{"class":66},[52,120869,9037],{"class":24889},[52,120871,742],{"class":66},[52,120873,120874],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,120875,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,120877,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,120879,4509],{"class":58},[52,120881,35],{"class":66},[52,120883,34944],{"class":155},[52,120885,152],{"class":66},[52,120887,257],{"class":834},[52,120889,63],{"class":62},[52,120891,3836],{"class":646},[52,120893,35],{"class":66},[52,120895,9037],{"class":24889},[52,120897,159],{"class":66},[52,120899,120900,120902,120904,120906],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,120901,149],{"class":148},[52,120903,152],{"class":66},[52,120905,4509],{"class":155},[52,120907,159],{"class":66},[14,120909,120910],{},[18,120911,164],{},[42,120913,120915],{"className":44,"code":120914,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[49,120916,120917,120945],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,120918,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120920,1709],{"class":66},[52,120922,177],{"class":73},[52,120924,4474],{"class":77},[52,120926,177],{"class":73},[52,120928,193],{"class":66},[52,120930,186],{"class":73},[52,120932,83522],{"class":77},[52,120934,177],{"class":73},[52,120936,193],{"class":66},[52,120938,186],{"class":73},[52,120940,118996],{"class":77},[52,120942,177],{"class":73},[52,120944,4030],{"class":66},[52,120946,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,120948,1709],{"class":66},[52,120950,177],{"class":73},[52,120952,4474],{"class":77},[52,120954,177],{"class":73},[52,120956,193],{"class":66},[52,120958,186],{"class":73},[52,120960,83522],{"class":77},[52,120962,177],{"class":73},[52,120964,193],{"class":66},[52,120966,186],{"class":73},[52,120968,118996],{"class":77},[52,120970,177],{"class":73},[52,120972,4030],{"class":66},[14,120974,8813,120975,120977],{},[49,120976,78744],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120979,120980,120981,35],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[26,120982,120984],{"href":120983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[37,120986,120988],{"id":120987},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120990,120991],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[487,120993,120995,120996,12954],{"id":120994},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[49,120997,78026],{},[14,120999,121000],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[42,121002,121004],{"className":44,"code":121003,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,121005,121006,121026,121030,121044,121048,121058],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121007,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121009,4012],{"class":58},[52,121011,63],{"class":62},[52,121013,4017],{"class":66},[52,121015,2457],{"class":110},[52,121017,193],{"class":66},[52,121019,5895],{"class":110},[52,121021,193],{"class":66},[52,121023,1570],{"class":110},[52,121025,4030],{"class":66},[52,121027,121028],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121029,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121031,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,121033,2626],{"class":58},[52,121035,63],{"class":62},[52,121037,4659],{"class":58},[52,121039,35],{"class":66},[52,121041,34944],{"class":155},[52,121043,650],{"class":66},[52,121045,121046],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,121047,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121049,121050,121052,121054,121056],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,121051,149],{"class":148},[52,121053,152],{"class":66},[52,121055,2661],{"class":155},[52,121057,159],{"class":66},[52,121059,121060,121062,121064,121066],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121061,149],{"class":148},[52,121063,152],{"class":66},[52,121065,1578],{"class":155},[52,121067,159],{"class":66},[14,121069,121070],{},[18,121071,164],{},[42,121073,121074],{"className":44,"code":79367,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,121075,121076,121080],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121077,121078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121079,12165],{"class":128},[52,121081,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121083,1709],{"class":66},[52,121085,1565],{"class":110},[52,121087,193],{"class":66},[52,121089,1570],{"class":110},[52,121091,193],{"class":66},[52,121093,2850],{"class":110},[52,121095,4030],{"class":66},[14,121097,12257],{},[227,121099,121100,121105,121110],{},[230,121101,121102,121104],{},[49,121103,120107],{}," sorts the list in place",[230,121106,35160,121107,121109],{},[18,121108,1006],{}," return the sorted list",[230,121111,90146,121112,42306,121114],{},[49,121113,2661],{},[49,121115,4175],{},[487,121117,121119,121120,121122],{"id":121118},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[49,121121,74583],{}," to change the original list",[42,121124,121126],{"className":44,"code":121125,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,121127,121128,121148,121152,121162,121166],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121129,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138,121140,121142,121144,121146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121131,4012],{"class":58},[52,121133,63],{"class":62},[52,121135,4017],{"class":66},[52,121137,2457],{"class":110},[52,121139,193],{"class":66},[52,121141,5895],{"class":110},[52,121143,193],{"class":66},[52,121145,1570],{"class":110},[52,121147,4030],{"class":66},[52,121149,121150],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121151,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121153,121154,121156,121158,121160],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,121155,74673],{"class":148},[52,121157,152],{"class":66},[52,121159,1578],{"class":155},[52,121161,159],{"class":66},[52,121163,121164],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,121165,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121167,121168,121170,121172,121174],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,121169,149],{"class":148},[52,121171,152],{"class":66},[52,121173,1578],{"class":155},[52,121175,159],{"class":66},[14,121177,121178],{},[18,121179,164],{},[42,121181,121182],{"className":44,"code":119328,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,121183,121184],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121185,121186,121188,121190,121192,121194,121196,121198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121187,1709],{"class":66},[52,121189,2457],{"class":110},[52,121191,193],{"class":66},[52,121193,5895],{"class":110},[52,121195,193],{"class":66},[52,121197,1570],{"class":110},[52,121199,4030],{"class":66},[14,121201,121202,121205],{},[49,121203,121204],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121207,11172],{},[42,121209,121211],{"className":44,"code":121210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[49,121212,121213,121233,121237,121251,121255],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121214,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121216,4012],{"class":58},[52,121218,63],{"class":62},[52,121220,4017],{"class":66},[52,121222,2457],{"class":110},[52,121224,193],{"class":66},[52,121226,5895],{"class":110},[52,121228,193],{"class":66},[52,121230,1570],{"class":110},[52,121232,4030],{"class":66},[52,121234,121235],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121236,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121238,121239,121241,121243,121245,121247,121249],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,121240,55798],{"class":58},[52,121242,63],{"class":62},[52,121244,74717],{"class":148},[52,121246,152],{"class":66},[52,121248,1578],{"class":155},[52,121250,159],{"class":66},[52,121252,121253],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,121254,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121256,121257,121259,121261,121263],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,121258,149],{"class":148},[52,121260,152],{"class":66},[52,121262,55817],{"class":155},[52,121264,159],{"class":66},[487,121266,121268,121269,121271],{"id":121267},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[49,121270,64470],{}," on a tuple or string",[42,121273,121274],{"className":44,"code":79469,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,121275,121276,121288],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121277,121278,121280,121282,121284,121286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121279,34832],{"class":58},[52,121281,63],{"class":62},[52,121283,87],{"class":73},[52,121285,46],{"class":77},[52,121287,297],{"class":73},[52,121289,121290,121292,121294,121296],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121291,34853],{"class":58},[52,121293,35],{"class":66},[52,121295,34944],{"class":155},[52,121297,650],{"class":66},[14,121299,121300,121301,33744],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[49,121302,64470],{},[14,121304,121305,121307],{},[49,121306,64470],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121309,121310,121311,121313,121314,35],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[49,121312,74583],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[26,121315,5533],{"href":5984},[487,121317,121319,121320,119365],{"id":121318},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[49,121321,74583],{},[42,121323,121325],{"className":44,"code":121324,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,121326,121327,121340,121354,121358,121368],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121328,121329,121331,121333,121335,121338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121330,34832],{"class":58},[52,121332,63],{"class":62},[52,121334,87],{"class":73},[52,121336,121337],{"class":77},"cab",[52,121339,297],{"class":73},[52,121341,121342,121344,121346,121348,121350,121352],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121343,2626],{"class":58},[52,121345,63],{"class":62},[52,121347,74717],{"class":148},[52,121349,152],{"class":66},[52,121351,34853],{"class":155},[52,121353,159],{"class":66},[52,121355,121356],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,121357,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121359,121360,121362,121364,121366],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,121361,149],{"class":148},[52,121363,152],{"class":66},[52,121365,2661],{"class":155},[52,121367,159],{"class":66},[52,121369,121370,121372,121374,121376,121378,121380],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,121371,149],{"class":148},[52,121373,152],{"class":66},[52,121375,734],{"class":646},[52,121377,152],{"class":66},[52,121379,2661],{"class":155},[52,121381,742],{"class":66},[14,121383,121384],{},[18,121385,164],{},[42,121387,121389],{"className":44,"code":121388,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[49,121390,121391,121419],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121392,121393,121395,121397,121399,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413,121415,121417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121394,1709],{"class":66},[52,121396,177],{"class":73},[52,121398,26],{"class":77},[52,121400,177],{"class":73},[52,121402,193],{"class":66},[52,121404,186],{"class":73},[52,121406,5157],{"class":77},[52,121408,177],{"class":73},[52,121410,193],{"class":66},[52,121412,186],{"class":73},[52,121414,10111],{"class":77},[52,121416,177],{"class":73},[52,121418,4030],{"class":66},[52,121420,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429,121431],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121422,771],{"class":62},[52,121424,775],{"class":774},[52,121426,186],{"class":73},[52,121428,8488],{"class":77},[52,121430,177],{"class":73},[52,121432,785],{"class":62},[14,121434,121435],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[37,121437,113886],{"id":113885},[14,121439,121440],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[227,121442,121443,121446,121451,121456,121462],{},[230,121444,121445],{},"confusing a function with a method",[230,121447,121448,121449,53800],{},"not knowing that ",[49,121450,64470],{},[230,121452,121453,121454,12954],{},"assigning the result of ",[49,121455,78026],{},[230,121457,121458,121459,121461],{},"trying to use ",[49,121460,64470],{}," on non-list data types",[230,121463,50660,121464,121466],{},[49,121465,74583],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121468,121469],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[42,121471,121473],{"className":44,"code":121472,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[49,121474,121475,121485,121499,121524,121539,121549],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121476,121477,121479,121481,121483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121478,149],{"class":148},[52,121480,152],{"class":66},[52,121482,8734],{"class":155},[52,121484,159],{"class":66},[52,121486,121487,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121488,149],{"class":148},[52,121490,152],{"class":66},[52,121492,74673],{"class":148},[52,121494,152],{"class":66},[52,121496,8734],{"class":155},[52,121498,742],{"class":66},[52,121500,121501,121503,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121516,121518,121520,121522],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,121502,2626],{"class":58},[52,121504,63],{"class":62},[52,121506,8791],{"class":58},[52,121508,35],{"class":66},[52,121510,34944],{"class":155},[52,121512,7762],{"class":66},[52,121514,121515],{"class":58},"; ",[52,121517,149],{"class":148},[52,121519,152],{"class":66},[52,121521,2661],{"class":155},[52,121523,159],{"class":66},[52,121525,121526,121528,121530,121532,121534,121537],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,121527,149],{"class":148},[52,121529,152],{"class":66},[52,121531,734],{"class":646},[52,121533,152],{"class":66},[52,121535,121536],{"class":155},"my_data",[52,121538,742],{"class":66},[52,121540,121541,121543,121545,121547],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,121542,32295],{"class":148},[52,121544,152],{"class":66},[52,121546,74673],{"class":148},[52,121548,159],{"class":66},[52,121550,121551,121553,121555,121557,121559,121561],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,121552,32295],{"class":148},[52,121554,152],{"class":66},[52,121556,8488],{"class":646},[52,121558,35],{"class":66},[52,121560,34944],{"class":24889},[52,121562,159],{"class":66},[14,121564,84532],{},[227,121566,121567,121570,121574,121582],{},[230,121568,121569],{},"whether your original list changed",[230,121571,26159,121572,12063],{},[49,121573,74583],{},[230,121575,121576,121577,121579,121580],{},"whether ",[49,121578,64470],{}," returned ",[49,121581,4175],{},[230,121583,121584],{},"what type of object you are working with",[37,121586,121588],{"id":121587},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121590,121591],{},"Use this rule:",[227,121593,121594,121602],{},[230,121595,121596,121597,121599,121600],{},"Need a ",[18,121598,119690],{},": use ",[49,121601,74583],{},[230,121603,121604,121605,121599,121608],{},"Need to ",[18,121606,121607],{},"change one list directly",[49,121609,78026],{},[14,121611,121612,121613,121615],{},"For many beginners, ",[49,121614,74583],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[37,121617,2220],{"id":2219},[487,121619,121621,121622,30,121624,2265],{"id":121620},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[49,121623,74583],{},[49,121625,78026],{},[14,121627,121628,121630],{},[49,121629,74583],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[487,121632,5555,121634,5558,121636,2265],{"id":121633},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[49,121635,78026],{},[49,121637,4175],{},[14,121639,121640],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[487,121642,5567,121644,121646],{"id":121643},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[49,121645,74583],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121648,121649],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[487,121651,28469,121653,121655],{"id":121652},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[49,121654,64470],{}," on a string?",[14,121657,46518,121658,121660,121661,40079],{},[49,121659,64470],{}," is a list method. Use ",[49,121662,121663],{},"sorted(string)",[487,121665,12176,121667,2262,121669,121671],{"id":121666},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[49,121668,74583],{},[49,121670,64470],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121673,121674,121675,35],{},"Yes. Both support ",[49,121676,78250],{},[37,121678,2277],{"id":2276},[227,121680,121681,121687,121693,121697,121701],{},[230,121682,121683],{},[26,121684,3969,121685,3902],{"href":74680},[49,121686,74583],{},[230,121688,121689],{},[26,121690,3969,121691,2292],{"href":74934},[49,121692,78026],{},[230,121694,121695],{},[26,121696,80032],{"href":78535},[230,121698,121699],{},[26,121700,120984],{"href":120983},[230,121702,121703],{},[26,121704,52927],{"href":51134},[2315,121706,121707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":121709},[121710,121711,121712,121716,121720,121723,121727,121731,121736,121746,121747,121748,121760],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":119778,"depth":70,"text":119779},{"id":117881,"depth":70,"text":119603,"children":121713},[121714],{"id":119845,"depth":98,"text":121715},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78092,"depth":70,"text":80054,"children":121717},[121718],{"id":120022,"depth":98,"text":121719},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120118,"depth":70,"text":120119,"children":121721},[121722],{"id":120144,"depth":98,"text":120145},{"id":120350,"depth":70,"text":121724,"children":121725},"When to use sorted()",[121726],{"id":120372,"depth":98,"text":120373},{"id":120507,"depth":70,"text":121728,"children":121729},"When to use list.sort()",[121730],{"id":120530,"depth":98,"text":120531},{"id":120644,"depth":70,"text":121732,"children":121733},"reverse and key work with both",[121734,121735],{"id":120675,"depth":98,"text":120676},{"id":120803,"depth":98,"text":120804},{"id":120987,"depth":70,"text":120988,"children":121737},[121738,121740,121742,121744],{"id":120994,"depth":98,"text":121739},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121118,"depth":98,"text":121741},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121267,"depth":98,"text":121743},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121318,"depth":98,"text":121745},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113885,"depth":70,"text":113886},{"id":121587,"depth":70,"text":121588},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":121749},[121750,121752,121754,121756,121758],{"id":121620,"depth":98,"text":121751},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121633,"depth":98,"text":121753},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121643,"depth":98,"text":121755},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121652,"depth":98,"text":121757},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121666,"depth":98,"text":121759},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119649,"description":121761},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121767,"title":42327,"body":121768,"description":123500,"extension":2357,"meta":123501,"navigation":141,"path":123502,"seo":123503,"stem":123504,"__hash__":123505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121769,"toc":123457},[121770,121775,121780,121786,121788,121843,121847,121870,121875,121880,121885,121887,121918,121921,121935,121937,121939,121954,121959,121963,121966,122017,122021,122035,122042,122046,122050,122105,122109,122132,122136,122192,122196,122219,122223,122278,122282,122305,122309,122376,122380,122415,122421,122426,122431,122433,122447,122449,122523,122527,122547,122552,122559,122562,122574,122576,122645,122649,122686,122689,122714,122721,122730,122733,122745,122751,122757,122759,122765,122770,122849,122853,122894,122898,122900,122927,122930,122953,122956,122962,122965,123002,123014,123021,123023,123074,123077,123109,123112,123114,123121,123123,123138,123140,123197,123201,123225,123227,123232,123248,123255,123259,123262,123345,123355,123357,123362,123365,123371,123374,123380,123383,123389,123392,123399,123407,123409,123454],[10,121771,3969,121773,3973],{"id":121772},"python-str-function-explained",[49,121774,47837],{},[14,121776,32460,121777,121779],{},[49,121778,47837],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121781,121782,121783,121785],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[49,121784,47837],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[37,121787,40],{"id":39},[42,121789,121791],{"className":44,"code":121790,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,121792,121793,121801,121815,121819,121829],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121794,121795,121797,121799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121796,21766],{"class":58},[52,121798,63],{"class":62},[52,121800,45378],{"class":110},[52,121802,121803,121805,121807,121809,121811,121813],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121804,34832],{"class":58},[52,121806,63],{"class":62},[52,121808,49058],{"class":646},[52,121810,152],{"class":66},[52,121812,103],{"class":155},[52,121814,159],{"class":66},[52,121816,121817],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,121818,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,121820,121821,121823,121825,121827],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,121822,149],{"class":148},[52,121824,152],{"class":66},[52,121826,34853],{"class":155},[52,121828,159],{"class":66},[52,121830,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,121832,149],{"class":148},[52,121834,152],{"class":66},[52,121836,734],{"class":646},[52,121838,152],{"class":66},[52,121840,34853],{"class":155},[52,121842,742],{"class":66},[14,121844,121845],{},[18,121846,164],{},[42,121848,121850],{"className":44,"code":121849,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,121851,121852,121856],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121853,121854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121855,3108],{"class":110},[52,121857,121858,121860,121862,121864,121866,121868],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121859,771],{"class":62},[52,121861,775],{"class":774},[52,121863,186],{"class":73},[52,121865,3836],{"class":77},[52,121867,177],{"class":73},[52,121869,785],{"class":62},[14,121871,340,121872,121874],{},[49,121873,47837],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[37,121876,4073,121878,4076],{"id":121877},"what-str-does",[49,121879,47837],{},[14,121881,121882,121884],{},[49,121883,47837],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121886,2501],{},[227,121888,121889,121896,121903,121910],{},[230,121890,121891,121892,42306,121894],{},"An integer like ",[49,121893,2728],{},[49,121895,42277],{},[230,121897,121898,121899,42306,121901],{},"A float like ",[49,121900,40293],{},[49,121902,48248],{},[230,121904,121905,121906,42306,121908],{},"A boolean like ",[49,121907,862],{},[49,121909,7039],{},[230,121911,121912,121913,42306,121915],{},"A list like ",[49,121914,75405],{},[49,121916,121917],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121919,121920],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[227,121922,121923,121926,121929,121932],{},[230,121924,121925],{},"print it",[230,121927,121928],{},"combine it with other strings",[230,121930,121931],{},"save it to a file",[230,121933,121934],{},"use it in messages",[37,121936,2553],{"id":2552},[14,121938,7615],{},[42,121940,121942],{"className":44,"code":121941,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"str(object)\n",[49,121943,121944],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121945,121946,121948,121950,121952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121947,3836],{"class":646},[52,121949,152],{"class":66},[52,121951,42550],{"class":646},[52,121953,159],{"class":66},[14,121955,20908,121956,121958],{},[49,121957,42550],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121960,121961,8620],{},[49,121962,47837],{},[14,121964,121965],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[42,121967,121969],{"className":44,"code":121968,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[49,121970,121971,121980,122003,122007],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,121972,121973,121975,121977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121974,5492],{"class":58},[52,121976,63],{"class":62},[52,121978,121979],{"class":110}," 100\n",[52,121981,121982,121984,121986,121988,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999,122001],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,121983,90166],{"class":58},[52,121985,63],{"class":62},[52,121987,87],{"class":73},[52,121989,121990],{"class":77},"Your score is ",[52,121992,81],{"class":73},[52,121994,2853],{"class":62},[52,121996,49058],{"class":646},[52,121998,152],{"class":66},[52,122000,85679],{"class":155},[52,122002,159],{"class":66},[52,122004,122005],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122006,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122008,122009,122011,122013,122015],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122010,149],{"class":148},[52,122012,152],{"class":66},[52,122014,90183],{"class":155},[52,122016,159],{"class":66},[14,122018,122019],{},[18,122020,164],{},[42,122022,122024],{"className":44,"code":122023,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Your score is 100\n",[49,122025,122026],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122027,122028,122031,122033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122029,122030],{"class":58},"Your score ",[52,122032,12551],{"class":62},[52,122034,121979],{"class":110},[14,122036,2693,122037,122041],{},[26,122038,122039,2700],{"href":2696},[49,122040,2699],{}," can help you check.",[37,122043,122045],{"id":122044},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[487,122047,122049],{"id":122048},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[42,122051,122053],{"className":44,"code":122052,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,122054,122055,122063,122077,122081,122091],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122056,122057,122059,122061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122058,2613],{"class":58},[52,122060,63],{"class":62},[52,122062,2986],{"class":110},[52,122064,122065,122067,122069,122071,122073,122075],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122066,34832],{"class":58},[52,122068,63],{"class":62},[52,122070,49058],{"class":646},[52,122072,152],{"class":66},[52,122074,2636],{"class":155},[52,122076,159],{"class":66},[52,122078,122079],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122080,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122082,122083,122085,122087,122089],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122084,149],{"class":148},[52,122086,152],{"class":66},[52,122088,34853],{"class":155},[52,122090,159],{"class":66},[52,122092,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122094,149],{"class":148},[52,122096,152],{"class":66},[52,122098,734],{"class":646},[52,122100,152],{"class":66},[52,122102,34853],{"class":155},[52,122104,742],{"class":66},[14,122106,122107],{},[18,122108,164],{},[42,122110,122112],{"className":44,"code":122111,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,122113,122114,122118],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122115,122116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122117,2774],{"class":110},[52,122119,122120,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122121,771],{"class":62},[52,122123,775],{"class":774},[52,122125,186],{"class":73},[52,122127,3836],{"class":77},[52,122129,177],{"class":73},[52,122131,785],{"class":62},[487,122133,122135],{"id":122134},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[42,122137,122139],{"className":44,"code":122138,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,122140,122141,122150,122164,122168,122178],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122142,122143,122145,122147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122144,40537],{"class":58},[52,122146,63],{"class":62},[52,122148,122149],{"class":110}," 3.14\n",[52,122151,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122153,34832],{"class":58},[52,122155,63],{"class":62},[52,122157,49058],{"class":646},[52,122159,152],{"class":66},[52,122161,25289],{"class":155},[52,122163,159],{"class":66},[52,122165,122166],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122167,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122169,122170,122172,122174,122176],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122171,149],{"class":148},[52,122173,152],{"class":66},[52,122175,34853],{"class":155},[52,122177,159],{"class":66},[52,122179,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122181,149],{"class":148},[52,122183,152],{"class":66},[52,122185,734],{"class":646},[52,122187,152],{"class":66},[52,122189,34853],{"class":155},[52,122191,742],{"class":66},[14,122193,122194],{},[18,122195,164],{},[42,122197,122199],{"className":44,"code":122198,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,122200,122201,122205],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122202,122203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122204,40327],{"class":110},[52,122206,122207,122209,122211,122213,122215,122217],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122208,771],{"class":62},[52,122210,775],{"class":774},[52,122212,186],{"class":73},[52,122214,3836],{"class":77},[52,122216,177],{"class":73},[52,122218,785],{"class":62},[487,122220,122222],{"id":122221},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[42,122224,122226],{"className":44,"code":122225,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,122227,122228,122236,122250,122254,122264],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122229,122230,122232,122234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122231,2845],{"class":58},[52,122233,63],{"class":62},[52,122235,129],{"class":128},[52,122237,122238,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122239,34832],{"class":58},[52,122241,63],{"class":62},[52,122243,49058],{"class":646},[52,122245,152],{"class":66},[52,122247,263],{"class":155},[52,122249,159],{"class":66},[52,122251,122252],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122253,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122255,122256,122258,122260,122262],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122257,149],{"class":148},[52,122259,152],{"class":66},[52,122261,34853],{"class":155},[52,122263,159],{"class":66},[52,122265,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122267,149],{"class":148},[52,122269,152],{"class":66},[52,122271,734],{"class":646},[52,122273,152],{"class":66},[52,122275,34853],{"class":155},[52,122277,742],{"class":66},[14,122279,122280],{},[18,122281,164],{},[42,122283,122285],{"className":44,"code":122284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,122286,122287,122291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122288,122289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122290,4374],{"class":128},[52,122292,122293,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122294,771],{"class":62},[52,122296,775],{"class":774},[52,122298,186],{"class":73},[52,122300,3836],{"class":77},[52,122302,177],{"class":73},[52,122304,785],{"class":62},[487,122306,122308],{"id":122307},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[42,122310,122312],{"className":44,"code":122311,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,122313,122314,122334,122348,122352,122362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122315,122316,122318,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122317,8175],{"class":58},[52,122319,63],{"class":62},[52,122321,4017],{"class":66},[52,122323,1565],{"class":110},[52,122325,193],{"class":66},[52,122327,1570],{"class":110},[52,122329,193],{"class":66},[52,122331,2850],{"class":110},[52,122333,4030],{"class":66},[52,122335,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122337,34832],{"class":58},[52,122339,63],{"class":62},[52,122341,49058],{"class":646},[52,122343,152],{"class":66},[52,122345,8204],{"class":155},[52,122347,159],{"class":66},[52,122349,122350],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122351,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122353,122354,122356,122358,122360],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122355,149],{"class":148},[52,122357,152],{"class":66},[52,122359,34853],{"class":155},[52,122361,159],{"class":66},[52,122363,122364,122366,122368,122370,122372,122374],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122365,149],{"class":148},[52,122367,152],{"class":66},[52,122369,734],{"class":646},[52,122371,152],{"class":66},[52,122373,34853],{"class":155},[52,122375,742],{"class":66},[14,122377,122378],{},[18,122379,164],{},[42,122381,122383],{"className":44,"code":122382,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,122384,122385,122401],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122386,122387,122389,122391,122393,122395,122397,122399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122388,1709],{"class":66},[52,122390,1565],{"class":110},[52,122392,193],{"class":66},[52,122394,1570],{"class":110},[52,122396,193],{"class":66},[52,122398,2850],{"class":110},[52,122400,4030],{"class":66},[52,122402,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122404,771],{"class":62},[52,122406,775],{"class":774},[52,122408,186],{"class":73},[52,122410,3836],{"class":77},[52,122412,177],{"class":73},[52,122414,785],{"class":62},[14,122416,122417,122418,122420],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[18,122419,1006],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[37,122422,5358,122424],{"id":122423},"when-to-use-str",[49,122425,47837],{},[14,122427,340,122428,122430],{},[49,122429,47837],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122432,36573],{},[227,122434,122435,122438,122441,122444],{},[230,122436,122437],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[230,122439,122440],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[230,122442,122443],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[230,122445,122446],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122448,511],{},[42,122450,122452],{"className":44,"code":122451,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[49,122453,122454,122466,122474,122478,122513],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122455,122456,122458,122460,122462,122464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122457,8271],{"class":58},[52,122459,63],{"class":62},[52,122461,87],{"class":73},[52,122463,11868],{"class":77},[52,122465,297],{"class":73},[52,122467,122468,122470,122472],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122469,21766],{"class":58},[52,122471,63],{"class":62},[52,122473,45378],{"class":110},[52,122475,122476],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122477,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122479,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506,122508,122511],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122481,90166],{"class":58},[52,122483,63],{"class":62},[52,122485,36115],{"class":58},[52,122487,2454],{"class":62},[52,122489,87],{"class":73},[52,122491,5180],{"class":77},[52,122493,81],{"class":73},[52,122495,2853],{"class":62},[52,122497,49058],{"class":646},[52,122499,152],{"class":66},[52,122501,103],{"class":155},[52,122503,4056],{"class":66},[52,122505,2853],{"class":62},[52,122507,87],{"class":73},[52,122509,122510],{"class":77}," years old.",[52,122512,297],{"class":73},[52,122514,122515,122517,122519,122521],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122516,149],{"class":148},[52,122518,152],{"class":66},[52,122520,90183],{"class":155},[52,122522,159],{"class":66},[14,122524,122525],{},[18,122526,164],{},[42,122528,122530],{"className":44,"code":122529,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[49,122531,122532],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122533,122534,122537,122539,122541,122544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122535,122536],{"class":58},"Maya ",[52,122538,12551],{"class":62},[52,122540,9684],{"class":110},[52,122542,122543],{"class":58}," years old",[52,122545,122546],{"class":66},".\n",[14,122548,122549,122550,35],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[26,122551,89852],{"href":89851},[37,122553,122555,10954,122557],{"id":122554},"str-vs-print",[49,122556,47837],{},[49,122558,46605],{},[14,122560,122561],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[227,122563,122564,122569],{},[230,122565,122566,122568],{},[49,122567,47837],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[230,122570,122571,122573],{},[49,122572,46605],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122575,511],{},[42,122577,122579],{"className":44,"code":122578,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[49,122580,122581,122589,122593,122607,122617,122631],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122582,122583,122585,122587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122584,2845],{"class":58},[52,122586,63],{"class":62},[52,122588,3168],{"class":110},[52,122590,122591],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122592,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122594,122595,122597,122599,122601,122603,122605],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122596,34832],{"class":58},[52,122598,63],{"class":62},[52,122600,49058],{"class":646},[52,122602,152],{"class":66},[52,122604,263],{"class":155},[52,122606,159],{"class":66},[52,122608,122609,122611,122613,122615],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122610,149],{"class":148},[52,122612,152],{"class":66},[52,122614,34853],{"class":155},[52,122616,159],{"class":66},[52,122618,122619,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122620,149],{"class":148},[52,122622,152],{"class":66},[52,122624,734],{"class":646},[52,122626,152],{"class":66},[52,122628,34853],{"class":155},[52,122630,742],{"class":66},[52,122632,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122634,149],{"class":148},[52,122636,152],{"class":66},[52,122638,734],{"class":646},[52,122640,152],{"class":66},[52,122642,263],{"class":155},[52,122644,742],{"class":66},[14,122646,122647],{},[18,122648,164],{},[42,122650,122652],{"className":44,"code":122651,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,122653,122654,122658,122672],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122655,122656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122657,46765],{"class":110},[52,122659,122660,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122661,771],{"class":62},[52,122663,775],{"class":774},[52,122665,186],{"class":73},[52,122667,3836],{"class":77},[52,122669,177],{"class":73},[52,122671,785],{"class":62},[52,122673,122674,122676,122678,122680,122682,122684],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122675,771],{"class":62},[52,122677,775],{"class":774},[52,122679,186],{"class":73},[52,122681,2585],{"class":77},[52,122683,177],{"class":73},[52,122685,785],{"class":62},[14,122687,122688],{},"Notice:",[227,122690,122691,122697,122702],{},[230,122692,122693,122696],{},[49,122694,122695],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[230,122698,122699,122701],{},[49,122700,46605],{}," only displayed values",[230,122703,122704,122706,122707,122709,122710,61459,122712],{},[49,122705,46605],{}," did not change ",[49,122708,263],{}," from ",[49,122711,2585],{},[49,122713,3836],{},[14,122715,122716,122717,35],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[26,122718,122719,2700],{"href":46602},[49,122720,46605],{},[37,122722,122724,10954,122726,122729],{"id":122723},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[49,122725,47837],{},[49,122727,122728],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122731,122732],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[227,122734,122735,122740],{},[230,122736,122737,122739],{},[49,122738,47837],{}," is the more readable text version",[230,122741,122742,122744],{},[49,122743,122728],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122746,122747,122748,122750],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[49,122749,47837],{}," much more often.",[14,122752,122753,122754,122756],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[49,122755,47837],{}," is usually the right choice.",[37,122758,4915],{"id":4914},[487,122760,25914,122762,122764],{"id":122761},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[49,122763,47837],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122766,122767,122769],{},[49,122768,47837],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[42,122771,122773],{"className":44,"code":122772,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,122774,122775,122783,122797,122801,122811,122825,122835],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122776,122777,122779,122781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122778,21766],{"class":58},[52,122780,63],{"class":62},[52,122782,45378],{"class":110},[52,122784,122785,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122786,34832],{"class":58},[52,122788,63],{"class":62},[52,122790,49058],{"class":646},[52,122792,152],{"class":66},[52,122794,103],{"class":155},[52,122796,159],{"class":66},[52,122798,122799],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122800,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122802,122803,122805,122807,122809],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122804,149],{"class":148},[52,122806,152],{"class":66},[52,122808,103],{"class":155},[52,122810,159],{"class":66},[52,122812,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,122814,149],{"class":148},[52,122816,152],{"class":66},[52,122818,734],{"class":646},[52,122820,152],{"class":66},[52,122822,103],{"class":155},[52,122824,742],{"class":66},[52,122826,122827,122829,122831,122833],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,122828,149],{"class":148},[52,122830,152],{"class":66},[52,122832,34853],{"class":155},[52,122834,159],{"class":66},[52,122836,122837,122839,122841,122843,122845,122847],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,122838,149],{"class":148},[52,122840,152],{"class":66},[52,122842,734],{"class":646},[52,122844,152],{"class":66},[52,122846,34853],{"class":155},[52,122848,742],{"class":66},[14,122850,122851],{},[18,122852,164],{},[42,122854,122856],{"className":44,"code":122855,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,122857,122858,122862,122876,122880],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122859,122860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122861,3108],{"class":110},[52,122863,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872,122874],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122865,771],{"class":62},[52,122867,775],{"class":774},[52,122869,186],{"class":73},[52,122871,2585],{"class":77},[52,122873,177],{"class":73},[52,122875,785],{"class":62},[52,122877,122878],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122879,3108],{"class":110},[52,122881,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,122883,771],{"class":62},[52,122885,775],{"class":774},[52,122887,186],{"class":73},[52,122889,3836],{"class":77},[52,122891,177],{"class":73},[52,122893,785],{"class":62},[487,122895,122897],{"id":122896},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122899,951],{},[42,122901,122903],{"className":44,"code":122902,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[49,122904,122905,122913],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122906,122907,122909,122911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122908,21766],{"class":58},[52,122910,63],{"class":62},[52,122912,45378],{"class":110},[52,122914,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122916,34832],{"class":58},[52,122918,63],{"class":62},[52,122920,49058],{"class":646},[52,122922,152],{"class":66},[52,122924,103],{"class":155},[52,122926,159],{"class":66},[14,122928,122929],{},"But if you only do this:",[42,122931,122933],{"className":44,"code":122932,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[49,122934,122935,122943],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122936,122937,122939,122941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122938,21766],{"class":58},[52,122940,63],{"class":62},[52,122942,45378],{"class":110},[52,122944,122945,122947,122949,122951],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122946,3836],{"class":646},[52,122948,152],{"class":66},[52,122950,103],{"class":155},[52,122952,159],{"class":66},[14,122954,122955],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[487,122957,8813,122959,122961],{"id":122958},"using-str-too-early",[49,122960,47837],{}," too early",[14,122963,122964],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[42,122966,122968],{"className":44,"code":122967,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[49,122969,122970,122978,122993,122997],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,122971,122972,122974,122976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122973,40537],{"class":58},[52,122975,63],{"class":62},[52,122977,2986],{"class":110},[52,122979,122980,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,122981,122982],{"class":58},"text_price ",[52,122984,63],{"class":62},[52,122986,49058],{"class":646},[52,122988,152],{"class":66},[52,122990,25289],{"class":155},[52,122992,159],{"class":66},[52,122994,122995],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,122996,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,122998,122999],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,123000,123001],{"class":1017},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,123003,123004,123005,30,123009,123013],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[26,123006,123007],{"href":3273},[49,123008,3276],{},[26,123010,123011],{"href":3279},[49,123012,3282],{},", depending on the situation.",[487,123015,8849,123017,123020],{"id":123016},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[49,123018,123019],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,123022,64802],{},[42,123024,123026],{"className":44,"code":123025,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[49,123027,123028,123060],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123029,123030,123032,123034,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048,123050,123052,123054,123056,123058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123031,8175],{"class":58},[52,123033,63],{"class":62},[52,123035,4017],{"class":66},[52,123037,81],{"class":73},[52,123039,4474],{"class":77},[52,123041,81],{"class":73},[52,123043,193],{"class":66},[52,123045,87],{"class":73},[52,123047,4483],{"class":77},[52,123049,81],{"class":73},[52,123051,193],{"class":66},[52,123053,87],{"class":73},[52,123055,33364],{"class":77},[52,123057,81],{"class":73},[52,123059,4030],{"class":66},[52,123061,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123063,149],{"class":148},[52,123065,152],{"class":66},[52,123067,3836],{"class":646},[52,123069,152],{"class":66},[52,123071,8204],{"class":155},[52,123073,742],{"class":66},[14,123075,123076],{},"prints:",[42,123078,123079],{"className":44,"code":72995,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,123080,123081],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123082,123083,123085,123087,123089,123091,123093,123095,123097,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123084,1709],{"class":66},[52,123086,177],{"class":73},[52,123088,4474],{"class":77},[52,123090,177],{"class":73},[52,123092,193],{"class":66},[52,123094,186],{"class":73},[52,123096,4483],{"class":77},[52,123098,177],{"class":73},[52,123100,193],{"class":66},[52,123102,186],{"class":73},[52,123104,33364],{"class":77},[52,123106,177],{"class":73},[52,123108,4030],{"class":66},[14,123110,123111],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[37,123113,17554],{"id":17553},[14,123115,123116,22113,123118,35],{},[49,123117,47837],{},[18,123119,123120],{},"new string",[14,123122,11820],{},[227,123124,123125,123128,123131],{},[230,123126,123127],{},"It always returns a string",[230,123129,123130],{},"It does not modify the original object",[230,123132,8158,123133,123137],{},[26,123134,123135],{"href":2696},[49,123136,2699],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123139,511],{},[42,123141,123143],{"className":44,"code":123142,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[49,123144,123145,123153,123168,123172,123183],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123146,123147,123149,123151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123148,2845],{"class":58},[52,123150,63],{"class":62},[52,123152,14485],{"class":110},[52,123154,123155,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123156,123157],{"class":58},"converted ",[52,123159,63],{"class":62},[52,123161,49058],{"class":646},[52,123163,152],{"class":66},[52,123165,263],{"class":155},[52,123167,159],{"class":66},[52,123169,123170],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,123171,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,123173,123174,123176,123178,123181],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,123175,149],{"class":148},[52,123177,152],{"class":66},[52,123179,123180],{"class":155},"converted",[52,123182,159],{"class":66},[52,123184,123185,123187,123189,123191,123193,123195],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,123186,149],{"class":148},[52,123188,152],{"class":66},[52,123190,734],{"class":646},[52,123192,152],{"class":66},[52,123194,123180],{"class":155},[52,123196,742],{"class":66},[14,123198,123199],{},[18,123200,164],{},[42,123202,123204],{"className":44,"code":123203,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,123205,123206,123211],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123207,123208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123209,123210],{"class":110},"99\n",[52,123212,123213,123215,123217,123219,123221,123223],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123214,771],{"class":62},[52,123216,775],{"class":774},[52,123218,186],{"class":73},[52,123220,3836],{"class":77},[52,123222,177],{"class":73},[52,123224,785],{"class":62},[37,123226,113886],{"id":113885},[14,123228,123229,123230,74974],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[49,123231,47837],{},[227,123233,123234,123237,123240,123245],{},[230,123235,123236],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[230,123238,123239],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[230,123241,8813,123242,123244],{},[49,123243,47837],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[230,123246,123247],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123249,123250,123251,35],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[26,123252,25819,123253],{"href":90564},[49,123254,90565],{},[37,123256,123258],{"id":123257},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123260,123261],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[42,123263,123265],{"className":44,"code":123264,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[49,123266,123267,123275,123279,123289,123303,123307,123321,123331],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123268,123269,123271,123273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123270,2845],{"class":58},[52,123272,63],{"class":62},[52,123274,45378],{"class":110},[52,123276,123277],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123278,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,123280,123281,123283,123285,123287],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,123282,149],{"class":148},[52,123284,152],{"class":66},[52,123286,263],{"class":155},[52,123288,159],{"class":66},[52,123290,123291,123293,123295,123297,123299,123301],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,123292,149],{"class":148},[52,123294,152],{"class":66},[52,123296,734],{"class":646},[52,123298,152],{"class":66},[52,123300,263],{"class":155},[52,123302,742],{"class":66},[52,123304,123305],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,123306,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,123308,123309,123311,123313,123315,123317,123319],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,123310,123157],{"class":58},[52,123312,63],{"class":62},[52,123314,49058],{"class":646},[52,123316,152],{"class":66},[52,123318,263],{"class":155},[52,123320,159],{"class":66},[52,123322,123323,123325,123327,123329],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,123324,149],{"class":148},[52,123326,152],{"class":66},[52,123328,123180],{"class":155},[52,123330,159],{"class":66},[52,123332,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,123334,149],{"class":148},[52,123336,152],{"class":66},[52,123338,734],{"class":646},[52,123340,152],{"class":66},[52,123342,123180],{"class":155},[52,123344,742],{"class":66},[14,123346,123347,123348,2203,123350,123352,123353,35],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[49,123349,2585],{},[49,123351,2588],{},", or another type into ",[49,123354,3836],{},[37,123356,2220],{"id":2219},[487,123358,5539,123360,5542],{"id":123359},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[49,123361,47837],{},[14,123363,123364],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[487,123366,13061,123368,123370],{"id":123367},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[49,123369,47837],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123372,123373],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[487,123375,5567,123377,123379],{"id":123376},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[49,123378,47837],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123381,123382],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[487,123384,94750,123386,123388],{"id":123385},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[49,123387,47837],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123390,123391],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[487,123393,15257,123395,57362,123397,2265],{"id":123394},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[49,123396,47837],{},[49,123398,46605],{},[14,123400,46518,123401,123403,123404,123406],{},[49,123402,47837],{}," converts to text. ",[49,123405,46605],{}," shows output.",[37,123408,2277],{"id":2276},[227,123410,123411,123417,123423,123429,123435,123444,123448],{},[230,123412,123413],{},[26,123414,123415,3902],{"href":46602},[49,123416,46605],{},[230,123418,123419],{},[26,123420,123421,3902],{"href":2696},[49,123422,2699],{},[230,123424,123425],{},[26,123426,123427,3902],{"href":3273},[49,123428,3276],{},[230,123430,123431],{},[26,123432,123433,3902],{"href":3279},[49,123434,3282],{},[230,123436,123437],{},[26,123438,123440,123441,123443],{"href":123439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[49,123442,2585],{}," to string in Python",[230,123445,123446],{},[26,123447,90842],{"href":89851},[230,123449,123450],{},[26,123451,30489,123452],{"href":90564},[49,123453,90565],{},[2315,123455,123456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":123458},[123459,123460,123462,123463,123469,123471,123473,123475,123484,123485,123486,123487,123499],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":121877,"depth":70,"text":123461},"What str() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":122044,"depth":70,"text":122045,"children":123464},[123465,123466,123467,123468],{"id":122048,"depth":98,"text":122049},{"id":122134,"depth":98,"text":122135},{"id":122221,"depth":98,"text":122222},{"id":122307,"depth":98,"text":122308},{"id":122423,"depth":70,"text":123470},"When to use str()",{"id":122554,"depth":70,"text":123472},"str() vs print()",{"id":122723,"depth":70,"text":123474},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":123476},[123477,123479,123480,123482],{"id":122761,"depth":98,"text":123478},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122896,"depth":98,"text":122897},{"id":122958,"depth":98,"text":123481},"Using str() too early",{"id":123016,"depth":98,"text":123483},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":113885,"depth":70,"text":113886},{"id":123257,"depth":70,"text":123258},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":123488},[123489,123491,123493,123495,123497],{"id":123359,"depth":98,"text":123490},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123367,"depth":98,"text":123492},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123376,"depth":98,"text":123494},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123385,"depth":98,"text":123496},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123394,"depth":98,"text":123498},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42327,"description":123500},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123507,"title":123508,"body":123509,"description":124962,"extension":2357,"meta":124963,"navigation":141,"path":124964,"seo":124965,"stem":124966,"__hash__":124967},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123510,"toc":124924},[123511,123517,123523,123526,123548,123550,123612,123614,123627,123633,123638,123643,123645,123658,123669,123671,123698,123700,123717,123724,123735,123737,123742,123744,123756,123764,123773,123775,123778,123831,123833,123841,123849,123853,123858,123898,123900,123908,123911,123913,123953,123955,123963,123973,123979,123982,124055,124057,124070,124074,124079,124107,124110,124145,124147,124155,124158,124162,124166,124168,124184,124186,124226,124228,124236,124245,124288,124290,124298,124300,124304,124310,124313,124353,124355,124363,124368,124371,124414,124418,124421,124456,124461,124463,124502,124512,124520,124530,124538,124542,124547,124549,124590,124592,124600,124605,124608,124611,124629,124635,124639,124644,124647,124687,124689,124694,124793,124796,124812,124814,124833,124835,124842,124845,124851,124854,124860,124864,124870,124873,124879,124882,124884,124921],[10,123512,123514,123515,11684],{"id":123513},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[49,123516,57447],{},[14,123518,123519,123520,123522],{},"The Python string ",[49,123521,57447],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123524,123525],{},"This reference page explains:",[227,123527,123528,123532,123535,123537,123545],{},[230,123529,26159,123530,4076],{},[49,123531,57447],{},[230,123533,123534],{},"its syntax",[230,123536,35540],{},[230,123538,123539,123540,2262,123542,123544],{},"how ",[49,123541,36219],{},[49,123543,52816],{}," work",[230,123546,123547],{},"common beginner mistakes",[37,123549,40],{"id":39},[42,123551,123553],{"className":44,"code":123552,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[49,123554,123555,123567,123589],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123558,34832],{"class":58},[52,123560,63],{"class":62},[52,123562,87],{"class":73},[52,123564,4483],{"class":77},[52,123566,297],{"class":73},[52,123568,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585,123587],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123570,149],{"class":148},[52,123572,152],{"class":66},[52,123574,34853],{"class":155},[52,123576,35],{"class":66},[52,123578,41410],{"class":155},[52,123580,152],{"class":66},[52,123582,81],{"class":73},[52,123584,26],{"class":77},[52,123586,81],{"class":73},[52,123588,742],{"class":66},[52,123590,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605,123608,123610],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,123592,149],{"class":148},[52,123594,152],{"class":66},[52,123596,34853],{"class":155},[52,123598,35],{"class":66},[52,123600,41410],{"class":155},[52,123602,152],{"class":66},[52,123604,81],{"class":73},[52,123606,123607],{"class":77},"na",[52,123609,81],{"class":73},[52,123611,742],{"class":66},[14,123613,164],{},[42,123615,123617],{"className":44,"code":123616,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"3\n2\n",[49,123618,123619,123623],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123620,123621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123622,46770],{"class":110},[52,123624,123625],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123626,2192],{"class":110},[14,123628,340,123629,123632],{},[49,123630,123631],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[37,123634,13352,123636,13355],{"id":123635},"what-the-count-method-does",[49,123637,57447],{},[14,123639,123640,123642],{},[49,123641,57447],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123644,13407],{},[227,123646,123647,123650,123653,123655],{},[230,123648,123649],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[230,123651,123652],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[230,123654,43810],{},[230,123656,123657],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123659,123660,123661,123663,123664,2203,123666,123668],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[49,123662,18232],{}," characters are in ",[49,123665,65433],{},[49,123667,57447],{}," is a simple choice.",[37,123670,2553],{"id":2552},[42,123672,123674],{"className":44,"code":123673,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[49,123675,123676],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123677,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123690,123692,123694,123696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123679,61332],{"class":58},[52,123681,35],{"class":66},[52,123683,41410],{"class":155},[52,123685,152],{"class":66},[52,123687,263],{"class":155},[52,123689,193],{"class":66},[52,123691,36198],{"class":155},[52,123693,193],{"class":66},[52,123695,65199],{"class":155},[52,123697,159],{"class":66},[487,123699,17530],{"id":17529},[227,123701,123702,123707,123712],{},[230,123703,123704,123706],{},[49,123705,263],{},": the text to search for",[230,123708,123709,123711],{},[49,123710,36219],{},": optional; where counting begins",[230,123713,123714,123716],{},[49,123715,52816],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123718,123719,2262,123721,123723],{},[49,123720,36219],{},[49,123722,52816],{}," work like slice positions:",[227,123725,123726,123731],{},[230,123727,123728,123730],{},[49,123729,36219],{}," is included",[230,123732,123733,75900],{},[49,123734,52816],{},[37,123736,17554],{"id":17553},[14,123738,123739,123741],{},[49,123740,57447],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123743,2520],{},[227,123745,123746,123751],{},[230,123747,123748,123749],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[49,123750,2457],{},[230,123752,123753,123754],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[49,123755,2514],{},[14,123757,41056,123758,5558,123760,30,123762,35],{},[18,123759,1006],{},[49,123761,862],{},[49,123763,4069],{},[14,123765,123766,123767,123772],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[26,123768,123770,101760],{"href":123769},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[49,123771,4279],{}," is often a better fit.",[37,123774,11837],{"id":11836},[14,123776,123777],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[42,123779,123781],{"className":44,"code":123780,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,123782,123783,123795,123817,123821],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123784,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123786,34832],{"class":58},[52,123788,63],{"class":62},[52,123790,87],{"class":73},[52,123792,4474],{"class":77},[52,123794,297],{"class":73},[52,123796,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123798,2626],{"class":58},[52,123800,63],{"class":62},[52,123802,42993],{"class":58},[52,123804,35],{"class":66},[52,123806,41410],{"class":155},[52,123808,152],{"class":66},[52,123810,81],{"class":73},[52,123812,14],{"class":77},[52,123814,81],{"class":73},[52,123816,159],{"class":66},[52,123818,123819],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,123820,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,123822,123823,123825,123827,123829],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,123824,149],{"class":148},[52,123826,152],{"class":66},[52,123828,2661],{"class":155},[52,123830,159],{"class":66},[14,123832,164],{},[42,123834,123835],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,123836,123837],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123838,123839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123840,2192],{"class":110},[14,123842,63978,123843,123846,123847,35],{},[49,123844,123845],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[49,123848,57990],{},[37,123850,123852],{"id":123851},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123854,123855,123857],{},[49,123856,57447],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[42,123859,123861],{"className":44,"code":123860,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[49,123862,123863,123876],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123864,123865,123867,123869,123871,123874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123866,34832],{"class":58},[52,123868,63],{"class":62},[52,123870,87],{"class":73},[52,123872,123873],{"class":77},"cat dog cat bird cat",[52,123875,297],{"class":73},[52,123877,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123879,149],{"class":148},[52,123881,152],{"class":66},[52,123883,34853],{"class":155},[52,123885,35],{"class":66},[52,123887,41410],{"class":155},[52,123889,152],{"class":66},[52,123891,81],{"class":73},[52,123893,37195],{"class":77},[52,123895,81],{"class":73},[52,123897,742],{"class":66},[14,123899,164],{},[42,123901,123902],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,123903,123904],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123905,123906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123907,46770],{"class":110},[14,123909,123910],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123912,511],{},[42,123914,123916],{"className":44,"code":123915,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[49,123917,123918,123931],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123919,123920,123922,123924,123926,123929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123921,34832],{"class":58},[52,123923,63],{"class":62},[52,123925,87],{"class":73},[52,123927,123928],{"class":77},"one One one",[52,123930,297],{"class":73},[52,123932,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,123934,149],{"class":148},[52,123936,152],{"class":66},[52,123938,34853],{"class":155},[52,123940,35],{"class":66},[52,123942,41410],{"class":155},[52,123944,152],{"class":66},[52,123946,81],{"class":73},[52,123948,6983],{"class":77},[52,123950,81],{"class":73},[52,123952,742],{"class":66},[14,123954,164],{},[42,123956,123957],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,123958,123959],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123960,123961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123962,2192],{"class":110},[14,123964,123965,123966,123969,123970,123972],{},"The uppercase ",[49,123967,123968],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[49,123971,57447],{}," is case-sensitive.",[37,123974,8813,123975,2262,123977],{"id":65565},[49,123976,36219],{},[49,123978,52816],{},[14,123980,123981],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[42,123983,123985],{"className":44,"code":123984,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[49,123986,123987,123999,124025],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,123988,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123990,34832],{"class":58},[52,123992,63],{"class":62},[52,123994,87],{"class":73},[52,123996,4483],{"class":77},[52,123998,297],{"class":73},[52,124000,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021,124023],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124002,149],{"class":148},[52,124004,152],{"class":66},[52,124006,34853],{"class":155},[52,124008,35],{"class":66},[52,124010,41410],{"class":155},[52,124012,152],{"class":66},[52,124014,81],{"class":73},[52,124016,26],{"class":77},[52,124018,81],{"class":73},[52,124020,193],{"class":66},[52,124022,1570],{"class":110},[52,124024,742],{"class":66},[52,124026,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,124028,149],{"class":148},[52,124030,152],{"class":66},[52,124032,34853],{"class":155},[52,124034,35],{"class":66},[52,124036,41410],{"class":155},[52,124038,152],{"class":66},[52,124040,81],{"class":73},[52,124042,26],{"class":77},[52,124044,81],{"class":73},[52,124046,193],{"class":66},[52,124048,1570],{"class":110},[52,124050,193],{"class":66},[52,124052,5002],{"class":110},[52,124054,742],{"class":66},[14,124056,164],{},[42,124058,124060],{"className":44,"code":124059,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"2\n1\n",[49,124061,124062,124066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124063,124064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124065,2192],{"class":110},[52,124067,124068],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124069,47070],{"class":110},[487,124071,124073],{"id":124072},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,124075,124076,124077,84],{},"In ",[49,124078,65433],{},[227,124080,124081,124089,124097],{},[230,124082,71124,124083,124085,124086],{},[49,124084,2451],{}," starts at the first ",[49,124087,124088],{},"\"n\"",[230,124090,124091,124094,124095,76198],{},[49,124092,124093],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[49,124096,2451],{},[230,124098,124099,124094,124102,124104,124105],{},[49,124100,124101],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[49,124103,2451],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[49,124106,2531],{},[14,124108,124109],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[42,124111,124113],{"className":44,"code":124112,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[49,124114,124115,124127],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124116,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124118,34832],{"class":58},[52,124120,63],{"class":62},[52,124122,87],{"class":73},[52,124124,4483],{"class":77},[52,124126,297],{"class":73},[52,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124130,149],{"class":148},[52,124132,152],{"class":66},[52,124134,34853],{"class":155},[52,124136,1709],{"class":66},[52,124138,2451],{"class":110},[52,124140,84],{"class":66},[52,124142,2531],{"class":110},[52,124144,1718],{"class":66},[14,124146,164],{},[42,124148,124149],{"className":44,"code":41619,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,124150,124151],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124152,124153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124154,41619],{"class":58},[14,124156,124157],{},"Only that section is searched.",[37,124159,124161],{"id":124160},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124163,124164,123972],{},[49,124165,57447],{},[14,124167,2501],{},[227,124169,124170,124178],{},[230,124171,124172,2262,124174,124177],{},[49,124173,18232],{},[49,124175,124176],{},"\"A\""," are different",[230,124179,124180,2262,124182,124177],{},[49,124181,64693],{},[49,124183,90577],{},[14,124185,511],{},[42,124187,124189],{"className":44,"code":124188,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[49,124190,124191,124204],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124192,124193,124195,124197,124199,124202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124194,34832],{"class":58},[52,124196,63],{"class":62},[52,124198,87],{"class":73},[52,124200,124201],{"class":77},"Apple apple APPLE",[52,124203,297],{"class":73},[52,124205,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124207,149],{"class":148},[52,124209,152],{"class":66},[52,124211,34853],{"class":155},[52,124213,35],{"class":66},[52,124215,41410],{"class":155},[52,124217,152],{"class":66},[52,124219,81],{"class":73},[52,124221,4474],{"class":77},[52,124223,81],{"class":73},[52,124225,742],{"class":66},[14,124227,164],{},[42,124229,124230],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,124231,124232],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124233,124234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124235,47070],{"class":110},[14,124237,124238,124239,84],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[26,124240,124242],{"href":124241},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[49,124243,124244],{},"lower()",[42,124246,124248],{"className":44,"code":124247,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[49,124249,124250,124262],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124251,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124253,34832],{"class":58},[52,124255,63],{"class":62},[52,124257,87],{"class":73},[52,124259,124201],{"class":77},[52,124261,297],{"class":73},[52,124263,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124265,149],{"class":148},[52,124267,152],{"class":66},[52,124269,34853],{"class":155},[52,124271,35],{"class":66},[52,124273,9037],{"class":155},[52,124275,9034],{"class":66},[52,124277,41410],{"class":155},[52,124279,152],{"class":66},[52,124281,81],{"class":73},[52,124283,4474],{"class":77},[52,124285,81],{"class":73},[52,124287,742],{"class":66},[14,124289,164],{},[42,124291,124292],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,124293,124294],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124295,124296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124297,46770],{"class":110},[37,124299,1743],{"id":1742},[14,124301,23233,124302,35],{},[49,124303,57447],{},[487,124305,8849,124307,124309],{"id":124306},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[49,124308,57447],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124311,124312],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[42,124314,124316],{"className":44,"code":124315,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[49,124317,124318,124331],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124319,124320,124322,124324,124326,124329],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124321,34832],{"class":58},[52,124323,63],{"class":62},[52,124325,87],{"class":73},[52,124327,124328],{"class":77},"Aardvark",[52,124330,297],{"class":73},[52,124332,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124334,149],{"class":148},[52,124336,152],{"class":66},[52,124338,34853],{"class":155},[52,124340,35],{"class":66},[52,124342,41410],{"class":155},[52,124344,152],{"class":66},[52,124346,81],{"class":73},[52,124348,26],{"class":77},[52,124350,81],{"class":73},[52,124352,742],{"class":66},[14,124354,164],{},[42,124356,124357],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,124358,124359],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124360,124361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124362,2192],{"class":110},[14,124364,123965,124365,124367],{},[49,124366,124176],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124369,124370],{},"If needed, convert first:",[42,124372,124374],{"className":44,"code":124373,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[49,124375,124376,124388],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124379,34832],{"class":58},[52,124381,63],{"class":62},[52,124383,87],{"class":73},[52,124385,124328],{"class":77},[52,124387,297],{"class":73},[52,124389,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124391,149],{"class":148},[52,124393,152],{"class":66},[52,124395,34853],{"class":155},[52,124397,35],{"class":66},[52,124399,9037],{"class":155},[52,124401,9034],{"class":66},[52,124403,41410],{"class":155},[52,124405,152],{"class":66},[52,124407,81],{"class":73},[52,124409,26],{"class":77},[52,124411,81],{"class":73},[52,124413,742],{"class":66},[487,124415,124417],{"id":124416},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124419,124420],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[42,124422,124424],{"className":44,"code":124423,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[49,124425,124426,124438],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124427,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124429,34832],{"class":58},[52,124431,63],{"class":62},[52,124433,87],{"class":73},[52,124435,4483],{"class":77},[52,124437,297],{"class":73},[52,124439,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124441,149],{"class":148},[52,124443,152],{"class":66},[52,124445,34853],{"class":155},[52,124447,35],{"class":66},[52,124449,41410],{"class":155},[52,124451,152],{"class":66},[52,124453,26],{"class":155},[52,124455,742],{"class":66},[14,124457,124458,124459,35],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[49,124460,26],{},[14,124462,11172],{},[42,124464,124466],{"className":44,"code":124465,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[49,124467,124468,124480],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124469,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124471,34832],{"class":58},[52,124473,63],{"class":62},[52,124475,87],{"class":73},[52,124477,4483],{"class":77},[52,124479,297],{"class":73},[52,124481,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494,124496,124498,124500],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124483,149],{"class":148},[52,124485,152],{"class":66},[52,124487,34853],{"class":155},[52,124489,35],{"class":66},[52,124491,41410],{"class":155},[52,124493,152],{"class":66},[52,124495,81],{"class":73},[52,124497,26],{"class":77},[52,124499,81],{"class":73},[52,124501,742],{"class":66},[487,124503,37352,124505,9101,124507,30,124510],{"id":124504},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[49,124506,57447],{},[49,124508,124509],{},"find()",[49,124511,59125],{},[14,124513,340,124514,124516,124517,35],{},[49,124515,57447],{}," when you need the ",[18,124518,124519],{},"number of matches",[14,124521,340,124522,124516,124527,124529],{},[26,124523,124525],{"href":124524},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[49,124526,124509],{},[18,124528,65105],{}," of the first match.",[14,124531,340,124532,124537],{},[26,124533,124535],{"href":124534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[49,124536,59125],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[487,124539,124541],{"id":124540},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124543,124544,124546],{},[49,124545,57447],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124548,511],{},[42,124550,124552],{"className":44,"code":124551,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[49,124553,124554,124567],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124555,124556,124558,124560,124562,124565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124557,34832],{"class":58},[52,124559,63],{"class":62},[52,124561,87],{"class":73},[52,124563,124564],{"class":77},"aaaa",[52,124566,297],{"class":73},[52,124568,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583,124586,124588],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124570,149],{"class":148},[52,124572,152],{"class":66},[52,124574,34853],{"class":155},[52,124576,35],{"class":66},[52,124578,41410],{"class":155},[52,124580,152],{"class":66},[52,124582,81],{"class":73},[52,124584,124585],{"class":77},"aa",[52,124587,81],{"class":73},[52,124589,742],{"class":66},[14,124591,164],{},[42,124593,124594],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,124595,124596],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124597,124598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124599,2192],{"class":110},[14,124601,124602,124603,35],{},"It does not return ",[49,124604,2457],{},[14,124606,124607],{},"Why not?",[14,124609,124610],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[227,124612,124613,124622],{},[230,124614,124615,124618,124619],{},[49,124616,124617],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[49,124620,124621],{},"0-1",[230,124623,124624,124618,124626],{},[49,124625,124617],{},[49,124627,124628],{},"2-3",[14,124630,124631,124632,35],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[49,124633,124634],{},"1-2",[37,124636,5358,124637],{"id":58530},[49,124638,57447],{},[14,124640,340,124641,124643],{},[49,124642,57447],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124645,124646],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[227,124648,124649,124658,124668,124678],{},[230,124650,340,124651,124653,124654,124657],{},[49,124652,57447],{}," when you need ",[18,124655,124656],{},"how many times"," something appears",[230,124659,340,124660,124653,124664,124667],{},[26,124661,124662],{"href":124524},[49,124663,124509],{},[18,124665,124666],{},"where"," it appears",[230,124669,47964,124670,124674,124675],{},[26,124671,124672,101760],{"href":123769},[49,124673,4279],{}," when you only need to know ",[18,124676,124677],{},"if it exists",[230,124679,340,124680,124686],{},[26,124681,124683],{"href":124682},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[49,124684,124685],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[37,124688,26082],{"id":26081},[14,124690,9271,124691,124693],{},[49,124692,57447],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[42,124695,124697],{"className":44,"code":124696,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[49,124698,124699,124709,124723,124745,124771],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124700,124701,124703,124705,124707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124702,149],{"class":148},[52,124704,152],{"class":66},[52,124706,34853],{"class":155},[52,124708,159],{"class":66},[52,124710,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124712,149],{"class":148},[52,124714,152],{"class":66},[52,124716,734],{"class":646},[52,124718,152],{"class":66},[52,124720,34853],{"class":155},[52,124722,742],{"class":66},[52,124724,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735,124737,124739,124741,124743],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,124726,149],{"class":148},[52,124728,152],{"class":66},[52,124730,34853],{"class":155},[52,124732,35],{"class":66},[52,124734,41410],{"class":155},[52,124736,152],{"class":66},[52,124738,81],{"class":73},[52,124740,26],{"class":77},[52,124742,81],{"class":73},[52,124744,742],{"class":66},[52,124746,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755,124757,124759,124761,124763,124765,124767,124769],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,124748,149],{"class":148},[52,124750,152],{"class":66},[52,124752,34853],{"class":155},[52,124754,35],{"class":66},[52,124756,9037],{"class":155},[52,124758,9034],{"class":66},[52,124760,41410],{"class":155},[52,124762,152],{"class":66},[52,124764,81],{"class":73},[52,124766,26],{"class":77},[52,124768,81],{"class":73},[52,124770,742],{"class":66},[52,124772,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787,124789,124791],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,124774,149],{"class":148},[52,124776,152],{"class":66},[52,124778,34853],{"class":155},[52,124780,35],{"class":66},[52,124782,41410],{"class":155},[52,124784,152],{"class":66},[52,124786,81],{"class":73},[52,124788,123607],{"class":77},[52,124790,81],{"class":73},[52,124792,742],{"class":66},[14,124794,124795],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[227,124797,124798,124801,124806,124809],{},[230,124799,124800],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[230,124802,124803,124805],{},[49,124804,34853],{}," not being a string",[230,124807,124808],{},"counting the wrong substring",[230,124810,124811],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124813,59019],{},[227,124815,124816,124819,124822,124825],{},[230,124817,124818],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[230,124820,124821],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[230,124823,124824],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[230,124826,50646,124827,44782,124829,30,124831,73470],{},[49,124828,57447],{},[49,124830,124509],{},[49,124832,4279],{},[37,124834,2220],{"id":2219},[487,124836,124838,124839,124841],{"id":124837},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[49,124840,57447],{}," change the original string?",[14,124843,124844],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[487,124846,15257,124848,124850],{"id":124847},"is-count-case-sensitive",[49,124849,57447],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124852,124853],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[487,124855,5539,124857,124859],{"id":124856},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[49,124858,57447],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124861,5545,124862,35],{},[49,124863,2514],{},[487,124865,5567,124867,124869],{"id":124866},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[49,124868,57447],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124871,124872],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[487,124874,13061,124876,124878],{"id":124875},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[49,124877,57447],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124880,124881],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[37,124883,2277],{"id":2276},[227,124885,124886,124893,124900,124907,124914],{},[230,124887,124888],{},[26,124889,124890],{"href":124524},[49,124891,124892],{},"Python string find() method",[230,124894,124895],{},[26,124896,124897],{"href":124534},[49,124898,124899],{},"Python string index() method",[230,124901,124902],{},[26,124903,124904],{"href":124241},[49,124905,124906],{},"Python string lower() method",[230,124908,124909],{},[26,124910,124911],{"href":123769},[49,124912,124913],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[230,124915,124916],{},[26,124917,124918],{"href":124682},[49,124919,124920],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2315,124922,124923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":124925},[124926,124927,124929,124932,124933,124934,124935,124938,124939,124947,124948,124949,124961],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":123635,"depth":70,"text":124928},"What the count() method does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":124930},[124931],{"id":17529,"depth":98,"text":17530},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":123851,"depth":70,"text":123852},{"id":65565,"depth":70,"text":66348,"children":124936},[124937],{"id":124072,"depth":98,"text":124073},{"id":124160,"depth":70,"text":124161},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":124940},[124941,124943,124944,124946],{"id":124306,"depth":98,"text":124942},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124416,"depth":98,"text":124417},{"id":124504,"depth":98,"text":124945},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124540,"depth":98,"text":124541},{"id":58530,"depth":70,"text":59161},{"id":26081,"depth":70,"text":26082},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":124950},[124951,124953,124955,124957,124959],{"id":124837,"depth":98,"text":124952},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124847,"depth":98,"text":124954},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124856,"depth":98,"text":124956},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124866,"depth":98,"text":124958},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124875,"depth":98,"text":124960},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123508,"description":124962},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124969,"title":124970,"body":124971,"description":126556,"extension":2357,"meta":126557,"navigation":141,"path":126558,"seo":126559,"stem":126560,"__hash__":126561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124972,"toc":126529},[124973,124976,124979,125076,125085,125087,125106,125110,125113,125116,125129,125132,125161,125166,125171,125229,125231,125264,125270,125274,125277,125280,125309,125312,125339,125342,125345,125349,125352,125359,125422,125424,125442,125445,125449,125452,125455,125497,125500,125544,125547,125550,125554,125559,125562,125605,125607,125630,125633,125666,125669,125718,125728,125732,125735,125738,125767,125770,125781,125783,125842,125845,125849,125852,125855,125870,125879,125882,125916,125919,125946,125949,125956,125958,125961,125963,125966,125980,125989,125991,126018,126022,126025,126039,126042,126101,126105,126108,126135,126138,126165,126173,126176,126236,126238,126271,126275,126278,126297,126302,126351,126356,126358,126361,126420,126438,126440,126444,126452,126456,126459,126463,126469,126473,126483,126487,126490,126492,126526],[10,124974,124970],{"id":124975},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124977,124978],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[42,124980,124982],{"className":44,"code":124981,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[49,124983,124984,124996,125008,125017,125031,125035,125045,125055,125066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,124985,124986,124988,124990,124992,124994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124987,8271],{"class":58},[52,124989,63],{"class":62},[52,124991,87],{"class":73},[52,124993,5401],{"class":77},[52,124995,297],{"class":73},[52,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,124999,90166],{"class":58},[52,125001,63],{"class":62},[52,125003,186],{"class":73},[52,125005,35012],{"class":77},[52,125007,29841],{"class":73},[52,125009,125010,125013,125015],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125011,125012],{"class":58},"empty ",[52,125014,63],{"class":62},[52,125016,8276],{"class":73},[52,125018,125019,125021,125023,125025,125027,125029],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125020,34832],{"class":58},[52,125022,63],{"class":62},[52,125024,49058],{"class":646},[52,125026,152],{"class":66},[52,125028,50400],{"class":110},[52,125030,159],{"class":66},[52,125032,125033],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,125034,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125036,125037,125039,125041,125043],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125038,149],{"class":148},[52,125040,152],{"class":66},[52,125042,78],{"class":155},[52,125044,159],{"class":66},[52,125046,125047,125049,125051,125053],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,125048,149],{"class":148},[52,125050,152],{"class":66},[52,125052,90183],{"class":155},[52,125054,159],{"class":66},[52,125056,125057,125059,125061,125064],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,125058,149],{"class":148},[52,125060,152],{"class":66},[52,125062,125063],{"class":155},"empty",[52,125065,159],{"class":66},[52,125067,125068,125070,125072,125074],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,125069,149],{"class":148},[52,125071,152],{"class":66},[52,125073,34853],{"class":155},[52,125075,159],{"class":66},[14,125077,125078,125081,125082,125084],{},[18,125079,125080],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[49,125083,47837],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[37,125086,225],{"id":224},[227,125088,125089,125092,125095,125098,125103],{},[230,125090,125091],{},"What a string is in Python",[230,125093,125094],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[230,125096,125097],{},"How to create an empty string",[230,125099,125100,125101],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[49,125102,47837],{},[230,125104,125105],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[37,125107,125109],{"id":125108},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125111,125112],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125114,125115],{},"Strings can contain:",[227,125117,125118,125121,125123,125126],{},[230,125119,125120],{},"Letters",[230,125122,56618],{},[230,125124,125125],{},"Spaces",[230,125127,125128],{},"Symbols",[14,125130,125131],{},"Examples of strings:",[42,125133,125135],{"className":44,"code":125134,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[49,125136,125137,125145,125153],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125138,125139,125141,125143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125140,81],{"class":43480},[52,125142,4241],{"class":43484},[52,125144,297],{"class":43480},[52,125146,125147,125149,125151],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125148,81],{"class":43480},[52,125150,50400],{"class":43484},[52,125152,297],{"class":43480},[52,125154,125155,125157,125159],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125156,81],{"class":43480},[52,125158,89308],{"class":43484},[52,125160,297],{"class":43480},[14,125162,21115,125163,125165],{},[49,125164,50450],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125167,125168,125169,84],{},"You can check the type with ",[49,125170,2699],{},[42,125172,125174],{"className":44,"code":125173,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[49,125175,125176,125188,125197,125201,125215],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125177,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125179,34832],{"class":58},[52,125181,63],{"class":62},[52,125183,87],{"class":73},[52,125185,50400],{"class":77},[52,125187,297],{"class":73},[52,125189,125190,125192,125194],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125191,2613],{"class":58},[52,125193,63],{"class":62},[52,125195,125196],{"class":110}," 123\n",[52,125198,125199],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125200,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125202,125203,125205,125207,125209,125211,125213],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125204,149],{"class":148},[52,125206,152],{"class":66},[52,125208,734],{"class":646},[52,125210,152],{"class":66},[52,125212,34853],{"class":155},[52,125214,742],{"class":66},[52,125216,125217,125219,125221,125223,125225,125227],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,125218,149],{"class":148},[52,125220,152],{"class":66},[52,125222,734],{"class":646},[52,125224,152],{"class":66},[52,125226,2636],{"class":155},[52,125228,742],{"class":66},[14,125230,164],{},[42,125232,125234],{"className":44,"code":125233,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,125235,125236,125250],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125237,125238,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125239,771],{"class":62},[52,125241,775],{"class":774},[52,125243,186],{"class":73},[52,125245,3836],{"class":77},[52,125247,177],{"class":73},[52,125249,785],{"class":62},[52,125251,125252,125254,125256,125258,125260,125262],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125253,771],{"class":62},[52,125255,775],{"class":774},[52,125257,186],{"class":73},[52,125259,2585],{"class":77},[52,125261,177],{"class":73},[52,125263,785],{"class":62},[14,125265,125266,125267,35],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[26,125268,125269],{"href":51130},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[37,125271,125273],{"id":125272},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125275,125276],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125278,125279],{},"You can use single quotes:",[42,125281,125283],{"className":44,"code":125282,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[49,125284,125285,125298],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125286,125287,125290,125292,125294,125296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125288,125289],{"class":58},"greeting ",[52,125291,63],{"class":62},[52,125293,186],{"class":73},[52,125295,4241],{"class":77},[52,125297,29841],{"class":73},[52,125299,125300,125302,125304,125307],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125301,149],{"class":148},[52,125303,152],{"class":66},[52,125305,125306],{"class":155},"greeting",[52,125308,159],{"class":66},[14,125310,125311],{},"Or double quotes:",[42,125313,125315],{"className":44,"code":125314,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[49,125316,125317,125329],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125318,125319,125321,125323,125325,125327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125320,125289],{"class":58},[52,125322,63],{"class":62},[52,125324,87],{"class":73},[52,125326,4241],{"class":77},[52,125328,297],{"class":73},[52,125330,125331,125333,125335,125337],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125332,149],{"class":148},[52,125334,152],{"class":66},[52,125336,125306],{"class":155},[52,125338,159],{"class":66},[14,125340,125341],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125343,125344],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[37,125346,125348],{"id":125347},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125350,125351],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125353,125354,125355,30,125357,84],{},"Use either ",[49,125356,6671],{},[49,125358,4170],{},[42,125360,125362],{"className":44,"code":125361,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[49,125363,125364,125373,125382,125386,125397,125408],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125365,125366,125369,125371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125367,125368],{"class":58},"empty1 ",[52,125370,63],{"class":62},[52,125372,8276],{"class":73},[52,125374,125375,125378,125380],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125376,125377],{"class":58},"empty2 ",[52,125379,63],{"class":62},[52,125381,47649],{"class":73},[52,125383,125384],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125385,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125387,125388,125390,125392,125395],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125389,149],{"class":148},[52,125391,152],{"class":66},[52,125393,125394],{"class":155},"empty1",[52,125396,159],{"class":66},[52,125398,125399,125401,125403,125406],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,125400,149],{"class":148},[52,125402,152],{"class":66},[52,125404,125405],{"class":155},"empty2",[52,125407,159],{"class":66},[52,125409,125410,125412,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,125411,149],{"class":148},[52,125413,152],{"class":66},[52,125415,734],{"class":646},[52,125417,152],{"class":66},[52,125419,125394],{"class":155},[52,125421,742],{"class":66},[14,125423,164],{},[42,125425,125426],{"className":44,"code":45923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,125427,125428],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125429,125430,125432,125434,125436,125438,125440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125431,771],{"class":62},[52,125433,775],{"class":774},[52,125435,186],{"class":73},[52,125437,3836],{"class":77},[52,125439,177],{"class":73},[52,125441,785],{"class":62},[14,125443,125444],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[37,125446,125448],{"id":125447},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125450,125451],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125453,125454],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[42,125456,125458],{"className":44,"code":125457,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[49,125459,125460,125471,125476,125483,125487],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125461,125462,125464,125466,125469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125463,90166],{"class":58},[52,125465,63],{"class":62},[52,125467,125468],{"class":73}," \"\"\"",[52,125470,89108],{"class":77},[52,125472,125473],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125474,125475],{"class":77},"Welcome to Python\n",[52,125477,125478,125481],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125479,125480],{"class":77},"Have a nice day",[52,125482,43488],{"class":73},[52,125484,125485],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125486,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125488,125489,125491,125493,125495],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,125490,149],{"class":148},[52,125492,152],{"class":66},[52,125494,90183],{"class":155},[52,125496,159],{"class":66},[14,125498,125499],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[42,125501,125503],{"className":44,"code":125502,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[49,125504,125505,125517,125522,125530,125534],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125506,125507,125509,125511,125514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125508,90166],{"class":58},[52,125510,63],{"class":62},[52,125512,125513],{"class":73}," '''",[52,125515,125516],{"class":77},"Line 1\n",[52,125518,125519],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125520,125521],{"class":77},"Line 2\n",[52,125523,125524,125527],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125525,125526],{"class":77},"Line 3",[52,125528,125529],{"class":73},"'''\n",[52,125531,125532],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125533,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125535,125536,125538,125540,125542],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,125537,149],{"class":148},[52,125539,152],{"class":66},[52,125541,90183],{"class":155},[52,125543,159],{"class":66},[14,125545,125546],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125548,125549],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[37,125551,125553],{"id":125552},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125555,2374,125556,125558],{},[49,125557,47837],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125560,125561],{},"Example with a number:",[42,125563,125565],{"className":44,"code":125564,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,125566,125567,125581,125591],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125568,125569,125571,125573,125575,125577,125579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125570,34832],{"class":58},[52,125572,63],{"class":62},[52,125574,49058],{"class":646},[52,125576,152],{"class":66},[52,125578,46679],{"class":110},[52,125580,159],{"class":66},[52,125582,125583,125585,125587,125589],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125584,149],{"class":148},[52,125586,152],{"class":66},[52,125588,34853],{"class":155},[52,125590,159],{"class":66},[52,125592,125593,125595,125597,125599,125601,125603],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125594,149],{"class":148},[52,125596,152],{"class":66},[52,125598,734],{"class":646},[52,125600,152],{"class":66},[52,125602,34853],{"class":155},[52,125604,742],{"class":66},[14,125606,164],{},[42,125608,125610],{"className":44,"code":125609,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,125611,125612,125616],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125613,125614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125615,46765],{"class":110},[52,125617,125618,125620,125622,125624,125626,125628],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125619,771],{"class":62},[52,125621,775],{"class":774},[52,125623,186],{"class":73},[52,125625,3836],{"class":77},[52,125627,177],{"class":73},[52,125629,785],{"class":62},[14,125631,125632],{},"You can also convert other values:",[42,125634,125636],{"className":44,"code":125635,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[49,125637,125638,125652],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125639,125640,125642,125644,125646,125648,125650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125641,149],{"class":148},[52,125643,152],{"class":66},[52,125645,3836],{"class":646},[52,125647,152],{"class":66},[52,125649,862],{"class":128},[52,125651,742],{"class":66},[52,125653,125654,125656,125658,125660,125662,125664],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125655,149],{"class":148},[52,125657,152],{"class":66},[52,125659,3836],{"class":646},[52,125661,152],{"class":66},[52,125663,40293],{"class":110},[52,125665,742],{"class":66},[14,125667,125668],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[42,125670,125672],{"className":44,"code":125671,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[49,125673,125674,125682,125704,125708],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125675,125676,125678,125680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125677,21766],{"class":58},[52,125679,63],{"class":62},[52,125681,45378],{"class":110},[52,125683,125684,125686,125688,125690,125692,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125685,90166],{"class":58},[52,125687,63],{"class":62},[52,125689,87],{"class":73},[52,125691,89584],{"class":77},[52,125693,81],{"class":73},[52,125695,2853],{"class":62},[52,125697,49058],{"class":646},[52,125699,152],{"class":66},[52,125701,103],{"class":155},[52,125703,159],{"class":66},[52,125705,125706],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125707,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125709,125710,125712,125714,125716],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125711,149],{"class":148},[52,125713,152],{"class":66},[52,125715,90183],{"class":155},[52,125717,159],{"class":66},[14,125719,125720,125721,30,125725,35],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[26,125722,3969,125723,3902],{"href":42326},[49,125724,47837],{},[26,125726,125727],{"href":123439},"how to convert int to string in Python",[37,125729,125731],{"id":125730},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125733,125734],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125736,125737],{},"Both of these are valid:",[42,125739,125741],{"className":44,"code":125740,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[49,125742,125743,125755],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125744,125745,125747,125749,125751,125753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125746,2953],{"class":58},[52,125748,63],{"class":62},[52,125750,186],{"class":73},[52,125752,408],{"class":77},[52,125754,29841],{"class":73},[52,125756,125757,125759,125761,125763,125765],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125758,2981],{"class":58},[52,125760,63],{"class":62},[52,125762,87],{"class":73},[52,125764,408],{"class":77},[52,125766,297],{"class":73},[14,125768,125769],{},"A common rule is:",[227,125771,125772,125775,125778],{},[230,125773,125774],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[230,125776,125777],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[230,125779,125780],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125782,511],{},[42,125784,125786],{"className":44,"code":125785,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[49,125787,125788,125802,125816,125820,125831],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125789,125790,125793,125795,125797,125800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125791,125792],{"class":58},"text1 ",[52,125794,63],{"class":62},[52,125796,87],{"class":73},[52,125798,125799],{"class":77},"It's working",[52,125801,297],{"class":73},[52,125803,125804,125807,125809,125811,125814],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125805,125806],{"class":58},"text2 ",[52,125808,63],{"class":62},[52,125810,186],{"class":73},[52,125812,125813],{"class":77},"She said \"hello\"",[52,125815,29841],{"class":73},[52,125817,125818],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,125819,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,125821,125822,125824,125826,125829],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,125823,149],{"class":148},[52,125825,152],{"class":66},[52,125827,125828],{"class":155},"text1",[52,125830,159],{"class":66},[52,125832,125833,125835,125837,125840],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,125834,149],{"class":148},[52,125836,152],{"class":66},[52,125838,125839],{"class":155},"text2",[52,125841,159],{"class":66},[14,125843,125844],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[37,125846,125848],{"id":125847},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125850,125851],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125853,125854],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[42,125856,125858],{"className":44,"code":125857,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[49,125859,125860,125865],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125861,125862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125863,125864],{"class":1017},"# This will cause an error\n",[52,125866,125867],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125868,125869],{"class":1017},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125871,125872,125873,35475,125875,125878],{},"Python sees the second ",[49,125874,177],{},[49,125876,125877],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125880,125881],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[42,125883,125885],{"className":44,"code":125884,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[49,125886,125887,125906],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125888,125889,125891,125893,125895,125898,125901,125904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125890,34832],{"class":58},[52,125892,63],{"class":62},[52,125894,186],{"class":73},[52,125896,125897],{"class":77},"It",[52,125899,125900],{"class":34597},"\\'",[52,125902,125903],{"class":77},"s working",[52,125905,29841],{"class":73},[52,125907,125908,125910,125912,125914],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125909,149],{"class":148},[52,125911,152],{"class":66},[52,125913,34853],{"class":155},[52,125915,159],{"class":66},[14,125917,125918],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[42,125920,125922],{"className":44,"code":125921,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[49,125923,125924,125936],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125925,125926,125928,125930,125932,125934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125927,34832],{"class":58},[52,125929,63],{"class":62},[52,125931,87],{"class":73},[52,125933,125799],{"class":77},[52,125935,297],{"class":73},[52,125937,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125939,149],{"class":148},[52,125941,152],{"class":66},[52,125943,34853],{"class":155},[52,125945,159],{"class":66},[14,125947,125948],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125950,125951,125952,35],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[26,125953,125955],{"href":125954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[37,125957,1743],{"id":1742},[14,125959,125960],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[487,125962,90373],{"id":90372},[14,125964,125965],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[42,125967,125969],{"className":44,"code":125968,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[49,125970,125971,125975],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125972,125973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125974,125864],{"class":1017},[52,125976,125977],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,125978,125979],{"class":1017},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125981,125982,125983,8998,125986,125988],{},"Python may raise a ",[49,125984,125985],{},"NameError",[49,125987,5401],{}," is not defined.",[14,125990,11172],{},[42,125992,125994],{"className":44,"code":125993,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[49,125995,125996,126008],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,125997,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125999,8271],{"class":58},[52,126001,63],{"class":62},[52,126003,87],{"class":73},[52,126005,5401],{"class":77},[52,126007,297],{"class":73},[52,126009,126010,126012,126014,126016],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126011,149],{"class":148},[52,126013,152],{"class":66},[52,126015,78],{"class":155},[52,126017,159],{"class":66},[487,126019,126021],{"id":126020},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,126023,126024],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[42,126026,126028],{"className":44,"code":126027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[49,126029,126030,126034],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126031,126032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126033,125864],{"class":1017},[52,126035,126036],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126037,126038],{"class":1017},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,126040,126041],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[42,126043,126045],{"className":44,"code":126044,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[49,126046,126047,126064,126077,126081,126091],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126048,126049,126051,126053,126055,126057,126059,126062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126050,125792],{"class":58},[52,126052,63],{"class":62},[52,126054,186],{"class":73},[52,126056,125897],{"class":77},[52,126058,125900],{"class":34597},[52,126060,126061],{"class":77},"s good",[52,126063,29841],{"class":73},[52,126065,126066,126068,126070,126072,126075],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126067,125806],{"class":58},[52,126069,63],{"class":62},[52,126071,87],{"class":73},[52,126073,126074],{"class":77},"It's good",[52,126076,297],{"class":73},[52,126078,126079],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126080,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,126084,149],{"class":148},[52,126086,152],{"class":66},[52,126088,125828],{"class":155},[52,126090,159],{"class":66},[52,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,126094,149],{"class":148},[52,126096,152],{"class":66},[52,126098,125839],{"class":155},[52,126100,159],{"class":66},[487,126102,126104],{"id":126103},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126106,126107],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[42,126109,126111],{"className":44,"code":126110,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[49,126112,126113,126125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126114,126115,126117,126119,126121,126123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126116,34832],{"class":58},[52,126118,63],{"class":62},[52,126120,125468],{"class":73},[52,126122,4241],{"class":77},[52,126124,43488],{"class":73},[52,126126,126127,126129,126131,126133],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126128,149],{"class":148},[52,126130,152],{"class":66},[52,126132,34853],{"class":155},[52,126134,159],{"class":66},[14,126136,126137],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[42,126139,126141],{"className":44,"code":126140,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[49,126142,126143,126155],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126144,126145,126147,126149,126151,126153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126146,34832],{"class":58},[52,126148,63],{"class":62},[52,126150,87],{"class":73},[52,126152,4241],{"class":77},[52,126154,297],{"class":73},[52,126156,126157,126159,126161,126163],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126158,149],{"class":148},[52,126160,152],{"class":66},[52,126162,34853],{"class":155},[52,126164,159],{"class":66},[487,126166,4976,126168,2262,126170,126172],{"id":126167},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[49,126169,50400],{},[49,126171,50450],{}," are the same type",[14,126174,126175],{},"They are different:",[42,126177,126179],{"className":44,"code":126178,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[49,126180,126181,126190,126203,126207,126221],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126182,126183,126186,126188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126184,126185],{"class":58},"value1 ",[52,126187,63],{"class":62},[52,126189,125196],{"class":110},[52,126191,126192,126195,126197,126199,126201],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126193,126194],{"class":58},"value2 ",[52,126196,63],{"class":62},[52,126198,87],{"class":73},[52,126200,50400],{"class":77},[52,126202,297],{"class":73},[52,126204,126205],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126206,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,126208,126209,126211,126213,126215,126217,126219],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,126210,149],{"class":148},[52,126212,152],{"class":66},[52,126214,734],{"class":646},[52,126216,152],{"class":66},[52,126218,84929],{"class":155},[52,126220,742],{"class":66},[52,126222,126223,126225,126227,126229,126231,126234],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,126224,149],{"class":148},[52,126226,152],{"class":66},[52,126228,734],{"class":646},[52,126230,152],{"class":66},[52,126232,126233],{"class":155},"value2",[52,126235,742],{"class":66},[14,126237,164],{},[42,126239,126241],{"className":44,"code":126240,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,126242,126243,126257],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126244,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253,126255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126246,771],{"class":62},[52,126248,775],{"class":774},[52,126250,186],{"class":73},[52,126252,2585],{"class":77},[52,126254,177],{"class":73},[52,126256,785],{"class":62},[52,126258,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267,126269],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126260,771],{"class":62},[52,126262,775],{"class":774},[52,126264,186],{"class":73},[52,126266,3836],{"class":77},[52,126268,177],{"class":73},[52,126270,785],{"class":62},[487,126272,126274],{"id":126273},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126276,126277],{},"This causes a type error:",[42,126279,126281],{"className":44,"code":126280,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[49,126282,126283,126287,126292],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126284,126285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126286,125864],{"class":1017},[52,126288,126289],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126290,126291],{"class":1017},"# age = 10\n",[52,126293,126294],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126295,126296],{"class":1017},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126298,126299,126300,84],{},"Fix it with ",[49,126301,47837],{},[42,126303,126305],{"className":44,"code":126304,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[49,126306,126307,126315,126337,126341],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126308,126309,126311,126313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126310,21766],{"class":58},[52,126312,63],{"class":62},[52,126314,2986],{"class":110},[52,126316,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331,126333,126335],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126318,90166],{"class":58},[52,126320,63],{"class":62},[52,126322,87],{"class":73},[52,126324,89584],{"class":77},[52,126326,81],{"class":73},[52,126328,2853],{"class":62},[52,126330,49058],{"class":646},[52,126332,152],{"class":66},[52,126334,103],{"class":155},[52,126336,159],{"class":66},[52,126338,126339],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126340,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,126342,126343,126345,126347,126349],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,126344,149],{"class":148},[52,126346,152],{"class":66},[52,126348,90183],{"class":155},[52,126350,159],{"class":66},[14,126352,126353,126354,35],{},"For this specific error, see ",[26,126355,90565],{"href":90564},[487,126357,60868],{"id":60867},[14,126359,126360],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[42,126362,126364],{"className":44,"code":126363,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[49,126365,126366,126378,126382,126392,126406],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126367,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126369,34832],{"class":58},[52,126371,63],{"class":62},[52,126373,87],{"class":73},[52,126375,4241],{"class":77},[52,126377,297],{"class":73},[52,126379,126380],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126381,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,126383,126384,126386,126388,126390],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126385,149],{"class":148},[52,126387,152],{"class":66},[52,126389,34853],{"class":155},[52,126391,159],{"class":66},[52,126393,126394,126396,126398,126400,126402,126404],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,126395,149],{"class":148},[52,126397,152],{"class":66},[52,126399,734],{"class":646},[52,126401,152],{"class":66},[52,126403,34853],{"class":155},[52,126405,742],{"class":66},[52,126407,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,126409,149],{"class":148},[52,126411,152],{"class":66},[52,126413,41930],{"class":148},[52,126415,152],{"class":66},[52,126417,34853],{"class":155},[52,126419,742],{"class":66},[227,126421,126422,126427,126432],{},[230,126423,126424,46431],{},[49,126425,126426],{},"print(text)",[230,126428,126429,46436],{},[49,126430,126431],{},"print(type(text))",[230,126433,126434,126437],{},[49,126435,126436],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[37,126439,2220],{"id":2219},[487,126441,126443],{"id":126442},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126445,126446,126447,30,126450,35],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[49,126448,126449],{},"'hello'",[49,126451,64693],{},[487,126453,126455],{"id":126454},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126457,126458],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[487,126460,126462],{"id":126461},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126464,340,126465,30,126467,35],{},[49,126466,6671],{},[49,126468,4170],{},[487,126470,126472],{"id":126471},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126474,340,126475,126477,126478,126480,126481,35],{},[49,126476,47837],{},", like ",[49,126479,80539],{},", which returns ",[49,126482,42277],{},[487,126484,126486],{"id":126485},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126488,126489],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[37,126491,2277],{"id":2276},[227,126493,126494,126498,126504,126509,126518,126522],{},[230,126495,126496],{},[26,126497,125269],{"href":51130},[230,126499,126500],{},[26,126501,3969,126502,3902],{"href":42326},[49,126503,47837],{},[230,126505,126506],{},[26,126507,126508],{"href":123439},"How to convert int to string in Python",[230,126510,126511],{},[26,126512,126514,126515,2292],{"href":126513},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[49,126516,126517],{},"format()",[230,126519,126520],{},[26,126521,125955],{"href":125954},[230,126523,126524],{},[26,126525,90565],{"href":90564},[2315,126527,126528],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":126530},[126531,126532,126533,126534,126535,126536,126537,126538,126539,126548,126555],{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":125108,"depth":70,"text":125109},{"id":125272,"depth":70,"text":125273},{"id":125347,"depth":70,"text":125348},{"id":125447,"depth":70,"text":125448},{"id":125552,"depth":70,"text":125553},{"id":125730,"depth":70,"text":125731},{"id":125847,"depth":70,"text":125848},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":126540},[126541,126542,126543,126544,126546,126547],{"id":90372,"depth":98,"text":90373},{"id":126020,"depth":98,"text":126021},{"id":126103,"depth":98,"text":126104},{"id":126167,"depth":98,"text":126545},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126273,"depth":98,"text":126274},{"id":60867,"depth":98,"text":60868},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":126549},[126550,126551,126552,126553,126554],{"id":126442,"depth":98,"text":126443},{"id":126454,"depth":98,"text":126455},{"id":126461,"depth":98,"text":126462},{"id":126471,"depth":98,"text":126472},{"id":126485,"depth":98,"text":126486},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124970,"description":126556},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126563,"title":126564,"body":126565,"description":128479,"extension":2357,"meta":128480,"navigation":141,"path":128481,"seo":128482,"stem":128483,"__hash__":128484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126566,"toc":128440},[126567,126573,126578,126586,126588,126655,126657,126669,126678,126683,126687,126704,126706,126771,126773,126785,126790,126792,126820,126841,126844,126883,126885,126893,126897,126901,126905,126913,126916,126957,126959,126967,126970,127027,127029,127037,127041,127046,127090,127092,127100,127109,127113,127118,127166,127168,127176,127182,127184,127188,127200,127205,127284,127286,127306,127310,127314,127354,127356,127364,127368,127411,127413,127421,127425,127465,127467,127475,127479,127535,127537,127545,127551,127553,127557,127567,127634,127636,127649,127656,127699,127701,127709,127713,127716,127772,127774,127782,127785,127787,127864,127866,127874,127883,127885,127889,127893,127895,127917,127920,127967,127971,128010,128012,128020,128022,128064,128071,128076,128138,128140,128152,128158,128163,128212,128214,128233,128239,128241,128260,128262,128353,128355,128361,128368,128374,128380,128385,128394,128401,128409,128411,128437],[10,126568,123514,126570,11684],{"id":126569},"python-string-endswith-method",[49,126571,126572],{},"endswith()",[14,126574,123519,126575,126577],{},[49,126576,126572],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126579,126580,126581,30,126583,126585],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[49,126582,862],{},[49,126584,4069],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[37,126587,40],{"id":39},[42,126589,126591],{"className":44,"code":126590,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[49,126592,126593,126607,126632],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126594,126595,126598,126600,126602,126605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126596,126597],{"class":58},"filename ",[52,126599,63],{"class":62},[52,126601,87],{"class":73},[52,126603,126604],{"class":77},"report.csv",[52,126606,297],{"class":73},[52,126608,126609,126611,126613,126616,126618,126621,126623,126625,126628,126630],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126610,149],{"class":148},[52,126612,152],{"class":66},[52,126614,126615],{"class":155},"filename",[52,126617,35],{"class":66},[52,126619,126620],{"class":155},"endswith",[52,126622,152],{"class":66},[52,126624,81],{"class":73},[52,126626,126627],{"class":77},".csv",[52,126629,81],{"class":73},[52,126631,742],{"class":66},[52,126633,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126651,126653],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126635,149],{"class":148},[52,126637,152],{"class":66},[52,126639,126615],{"class":155},[52,126641,35],{"class":66},[52,126643,126620],{"class":155},[52,126645,152],{"class":66},[52,126647,81],{"class":73},[52,126649,126650],{"class":77},".txt",[52,126652,81],{"class":73},[52,126654,742],{"class":66},[14,126656,164],{},[42,126658,126659],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,126660,126661,126665],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126662,126663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126664,4374],{"class":128},[52,126666,126667],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126668,4435],{"class":128},[14,126670,340,126671,5766,126673,30,126675,126677],{},[49,126672,126572],{},[49,126674,862],{},[49,126676,4069],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[37,126679,4073,126681,4076],{"id":126680},"what-endswith-does",[49,126682,126572],{},[14,126684,126685,84],{},[49,126686,126572],{},[227,126688,126689,126692,126698,126701],{},[230,126690,126691],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[230,126693,11786,126694,30,126696],{},[49,126695,862],{},[49,126697,4069],{},[230,126699,126700],{},"Does not change the original string",[230,126702,126703],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126705,511],{},[42,126707,126709],{"className":44,"code":126708,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[49,126710,126711,126723,126727,126749],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126712,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126714,34832],{"class":58},[52,126716,63],{"class":62},[52,126718,87],{"class":73},[52,126720,60564],{"class":77},[52,126722,297],{"class":73},[52,126724,126725],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126726,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,126728,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,126730,149],{"class":148},[52,126732,152],{"class":66},[52,126734,34853],{"class":155},[52,126736,35],{"class":66},[52,126738,126620],{"class":155},[52,126740,152],{"class":66},[52,126742,81],{"class":73},[52,126744,60749],{"class":77},[52,126746,81],{"class":73},[52,126748,742],{"class":66},[52,126750,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,126752,149],{"class":148},[52,126754,152],{"class":66},[52,126756,34853],{"class":155},[52,126758,35],{"class":66},[52,126760,126620],{"class":155},[52,126762,152],{"class":66},[52,126764,81],{"class":73},[52,126766,4241],{"class":77},[52,126768,81],{"class":73},[52,126770,742],{"class":66},[14,126772,164],{},[42,126774,126775],{"className":44,"code":44326,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,126776,126777,126781],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126778,126779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126780,4374],{"class":128},[52,126782,126783],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126784,4435],{"class":128},[14,126786,126787,126788,35],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[26,126789,125269],{"href":51130},[37,126791,2553],{"id":2552},[42,126793,126795],{"className":44,"code":126794,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[49,126796,126797],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126798,126799,126801,126803,126805,126807,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126800,61332],{"class":58},[52,126802,35],{"class":66},[52,126804,126620],{"class":155},[52,126806,152],{"class":66},[52,126808,126809],{"class":155},"suffix",[52,126811,193],{"class":66},[52,126813,36198],{"class":155},[52,126815,193],{"class":66},[52,126817,65199],{"class":155},[52,126819,159],{"class":66},[227,126821,126822,126827,126834],{},[230,126823,126824,126826],{},[49,126825,126809],{}," is required",[230,126828,126829,2262,126831,126833],{},[49,126830,36219],{},[49,126832,52816],{}," are optional",[230,126835,126836,2262,126838,126840],{},[49,126837,36219],{},[49,126839,52816],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126842,126843],{},"Basic example:",[42,126845,126847],{"className":44,"code":126846,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[49,126848,126849,126861],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126850,126851,126853,126855,126857,126859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126852,126597],{"class":58},[52,126854,63],{"class":62},[52,126856,87],{"class":73},[52,126858,87054],{"class":77},[52,126860,297],{"class":73},[52,126862,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877,126879,126881],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126864,149],{"class":148},[52,126866,152],{"class":66},[52,126868,126615],{"class":155},[52,126870,35],{"class":66},[52,126872,126620],{"class":155},[52,126874,152],{"class":66},[52,126876,81],{"class":73},[52,126878,126650],{"class":77},[52,126880,81],{"class":73},[52,126882,742],{"class":66},[14,126884,164],{},[42,126886,126887],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,126888,126889],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126890,126891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126892,4374],{"class":128},[37,126894,126896],{"id":126895},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[487,126898,126899],{"id":126809},[49,126900,126809],{},[14,126902,126903,30892],{},[49,126904,126809],{},[227,126906,126907,126910],{},[230,126908,126909],{},"A single string",[230,126911,126912],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126914,126915],{},"Single suffix:",[42,126917,126919],{"className":44,"code":126918,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[49,126920,126921,126934],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126922,126923,126925,126927,126929,126932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126924,8271],{"class":58},[52,126926,63],{"class":62},[52,126928,87],{"class":73},[52,126930,126931],{"class":77},"image.png",[52,126933,297],{"class":73},[52,126935,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950,126953,126955],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126937,149],{"class":148},[52,126939,152],{"class":66},[52,126941,78],{"class":155},[52,126943,35],{"class":66},[52,126945,126620],{"class":155},[52,126947,152],{"class":66},[52,126949,81],{"class":73},[52,126951,126952],{"class":77},".png",[52,126954,81],{"class":73},[52,126956,742],{"class":66},[14,126958,164],{},[42,126960,126961],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,126962,126963],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126964,126965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126966,4374],{"class":128},[14,126968,126969],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[42,126971,126973],{"className":44,"code":126972,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[49,126974,126975,126987],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,126976,126977,126979,126981,126983,126985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126978,8271],{"class":58},[52,126980,63],{"class":62},[52,126982,87],{"class":73},[52,126984,126931],{"class":77},[52,126986,297],{"class":73},[52,126988,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127023,127025],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,126990,149],{"class":148},[52,126992,152],{"class":66},[52,126994,78],{"class":155},[52,126996,35],{"class":66},[52,126998,126620],{"class":155},[52,127000,5908],{"class":66},[52,127002,81],{"class":73},[52,127004,127005],{"class":77},".jpg",[52,127007,81],{"class":73},[52,127009,193],{"class":66},[52,127011,87],{"class":73},[52,127013,126952],{"class":77},[52,127015,81],{"class":73},[52,127017,193],{"class":66},[52,127019,87],{"class":73},[52,127021,127022],{"class":77},".gif",[52,127024,81],{"class":73},[52,127026,1291],{"class":66},[14,127028,164],{},[42,127030,127031],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127032,127033],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127034,127035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127036,4374],{"class":128},[487,127038,127039],{"id":36219},[49,127040,36219],{},[14,127042,127043,127045],{},[49,127044,36219],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[42,127047,127049],{"className":44,"code":127048,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[49,127050,127051,127064],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127052,127053,127055,127057,127059,127062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127054,34832],{"class":58},[52,127056,63],{"class":62},[52,127058,87],{"class":73},[52,127060,127061],{"class":77},"my_report.csv",[52,127063,297],{"class":73},[52,127065,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127067,149],{"class":148},[52,127069,152],{"class":66},[52,127071,34853],{"class":155},[52,127073,35],{"class":66},[52,127075,126620],{"class":155},[52,127077,152],{"class":66},[52,127079,81],{"class":73},[52,127081,126627],{"class":77},[52,127083,81],{"class":73},[52,127085,193],{"class":66},[52,127087,2850],{"class":110},[52,127089,742],{"class":66},[14,127091,164],{},[42,127093,127094],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127095,127096],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127097,127098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127099,4374],{"class":128},[14,127101,127102,127103,127105,127106,35],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[49,127104,2457],{}," onward, which is ",[49,127107,127108],{},"\"report.csv\"",[487,127110,127111],{"id":52816},[49,127112,52816],{},[14,127114,127115,127117],{},[49,127116,52816],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[42,127119,127121],{"className":44,"code":127120,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[49,127122,127123,127136],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127124,127125,127127,127129,127131,127134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127126,34832],{"class":58},[52,127128,63],{"class":62},[52,127130,87],{"class":73},[52,127132,127133],{"class":77},"report.csv backup",[52,127135,297],{"class":73},[52,127137,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127139,149],{"class":148},[52,127141,152],{"class":66},[52,127143,34853],{"class":155},[52,127145,35],{"class":66},[52,127147,126620],{"class":155},[52,127149,152],{"class":66},[52,127151,81],{"class":73},[52,127153,126627],{"class":77},[52,127155,81],{"class":73},[52,127157,193],{"class":66},[52,127159,4229],{"class":110},[52,127161,193],{"class":66},[52,127163,6403],{"class":110},[52,127165,742],{"class":66},[14,127167,164],{},[42,127169,127170],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127171,127172],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127173,127174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127175,4374],{"class":128},[14,127177,127178,127179,127181],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[49,127180,127108],{}," and ignores the rest.",[37,127183,17554],{"id":17553},[14,127185,127186,25648],{},[49,127187,126572],{},[227,127189,127190,127195],{},[230,127191,127192,127194],{},[49,127193,862],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[230,127196,127197,127199],{},[49,127198,4069],{}," if it does not",[14,127201,127202,127203,7570],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[49,127204,7395],{},[42,127206,127208],{"className":44,"code":127207,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[49,127209,127210,127223,127227,127248,127263,127269],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127211,127212,127214,127216,127218,127221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127213,126597],{"class":58},[52,127215,63],{"class":62},[52,127217,87],{"class":73},[52,127219,127220],{"class":77},"data.csv",[52,127222,297],{"class":73},[52,127224,127225],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127226,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,127228,127229,127231,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,127230,7395],{"class":4272},[52,127232,127233],{"class":58}," filename",[52,127235,35],{"class":66},[52,127237,126620],{"class":155},[52,127239,152],{"class":66},[52,127241,81],{"class":73},[52,127243,126627],{"class":77},[52,127245,81],{"class":73},[52,127247,8737],{"class":66},[52,127249,127250,127252,127254,127256,127259,127261],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,127251,8463],{"class":148},[52,127253,152],{"class":66},[52,127255,81],{"class":73},[52,127257,127258],{"class":77},"This is a CSV file.",[52,127260,81],{"class":73},[52,127262,159],{"class":66},[52,127264,127265,127267],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,127266,27574],{"class":4272},[52,127268,6792],{"class":66},[52,127270,127271,127273,127275,127277,127280,127282],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,127272,8463],{"class":148},[52,127274,152],{"class":66},[52,127276,81],{"class":73},[52,127278,127279],{"class":77},"This is not a CSV file.",[52,127281,81],{"class":73},[52,127283,159],{"class":66},[14,127285,164],{},[42,127287,127289],{"className":44,"code":127288,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"This is a CSV file.\n",[49,127290,127291],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127292,127293,127295,127297,127299,127302,127304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127294,50033],{"class":58},[52,127296,12551],{"class":62},[52,127298,44697],{"class":58},[52,127300,127301],{"class":34597},"CSV",[52,127303,86795],{"class":86794},[52,127305,122546],{"class":66},[37,127307,127309],{"id":127308},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[487,127311,127313],{"id":127312},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[42,127315,127317],{"className":44,"code":127316,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[49,127318,127319,127332],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127320,127321,127323,127325,127327,127330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127322,126597],{"class":58},[52,127324,63],{"class":62},[52,127326,87],{"class":73},[52,127328,127329],{"class":77},"sales.csv",[52,127331,297],{"class":73},[52,127333,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127335,149],{"class":148},[52,127337,152],{"class":66},[52,127339,126615],{"class":155},[52,127341,35],{"class":66},[52,127343,126620],{"class":155},[52,127345,152],{"class":66},[52,127347,81],{"class":73},[52,127349,126627],{"class":77},[52,127351,81],{"class":73},[52,127353,742],{"class":66},[14,127355,164],{},[42,127357,127358],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127359,127360],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127361,127362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127363,4374],{"class":128},[487,127365,127367],{"id":127366},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[42,127369,127371],{"className":44,"code":127370,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[49,127372,127373,127387],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127374,127375,127378,127380,127382,127385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127376,127377],{"class":58},"url ",[52,127379,63],{"class":62},[52,127381,87],{"class":73},[52,127383,127384],{"class":77},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[52,127386,297],{"class":73},[52,127388,127389,127391,127393,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127407,127409],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127390,149],{"class":148},[52,127392,152],{"class":66},[52,127394,127395],{"class":155},"url",[52,127397,35],{"class":66},[52,127399,126620],{"class":155},[52,127401,152],{"class":66},[52,127403,81],{"class":73},[52,127405,127406],{"class":77},"\u002F",[52,127408,81],{"class":73},[52,127410,742],{"class":66},[14,127412,164],{},[42,127414,127415],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127416,127417],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127418,127419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127420,4374],{"class":128},[487,127422,127424],{"id":127423},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[42,127426,127428],{"className":44,"code":127427,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[49,127429,127430,127443],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127431,127432,127434,127436,127438,127441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127433,90166],{"class":58},[52,127435,63],{"class":62},[52,127437,87],{"class":73},[52,127439,127440],{"class":77},"Hello!",[52,127442,297],{"class":73},[52,127444,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127446,149],{"class":148},[52,127448,152],{"class":66},[52,127450,90183],{"class":155},[52,127452,35],{"class":66},[52,127454,126620],{"class":155},[52,127456,152],{"class":66},[52,127458,81],{"class":73},[52,127460,90007],{"class":77},[52,127462,81],{"class":73},[52,127464,742],{"class":66},[14,127466,164],{},[42,127468,127469],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127470,127471],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127472,127473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127474,4374],{"class":128},[487,127476,127478],{"id":127477},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[42,127480,127482],{"className":44,"code":127481,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[49,127483,127484,127497],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127485,127486,127488,127490,127492,127495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127487,126597],{"class":58},[52,127489,63],{"class":62},[52,127491,87],{"class":73},[52,127493,127494],{"class":77},"photo.jpg",[52,127496,297],{"class":73},[52,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127500,149],{"class":148},[52,127502,152],{"class":66},[52,127504,126615],{"class":155},[52,127506,35],{"class":66},[52,127508,126620],{"class":155},[52,127510,5908],{"class":66},[52,127512,81],{"class":73},[52,127514,127005],{"class":77},[52,127516,81],{"class":73},[52,127518,193],{"class":66},[52,127520,87],{"class":73},[52,127522,126952],{"class":77},[52,127524,81],{"class":73},[52,127526,193],{"class":66},[52,127528,87],{"class":73},[52,127530,127022],{"class":77},[52,127532,81],{"class":73},[52,127534,1291],{"class":66},[14,127536,164],{},[42,127538,127539],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127540,127541],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127542,127543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127544,4374],{"class":128},[14,127546,127547,127548,35],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[26,127549,127550],{"href":123769},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[37,127552,124161],{"id":124160},[14,127554,127555,123972],{},[49,127556,126572],{},[14,127558,127559,127560,2262,127563,127566],{},"That means ",[49,127561,127562],{},"\".CSV\"",[49,127564,127565],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[42,127568,127570],{"className":44,"code":127569,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[49,127571,127572,127585,127589,127611],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127573,127574,127576,127578,127580,127583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127575,126597],{"class":58},[52,127577,63],{"class":62},[52,127579,87],{"class":73},[52,127581,127582],{"class":77},"REPORT.CSV",[52,127584,297],{"class":73},[52,127586,127587],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127588,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,127590,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,127592,149],{"class":148},[52,127594,152],{"class":66},[52,127596,126615],{"class":155},[52,127598,35],{"class":66},[52,127600,126620],{"class":155},[52,127602,152],{"class":66},[52,127604,81],{"class":73},[52,127606,126627],{"class":77},[52,127608,81],{"class":73},[52,127610,742],{"class":66},[52,127612,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127630,127632],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,127614,149],{"class":148},[52,127616,152],{"class":66},[52,127618,126615],{"class":155},[52,127620,35],{"class":66},[52,127622,126620],{"class":155},[52,127624,152],{"class":66},[52,127626,81],{"class":73},[52,127628,127629],{"class":77},".CSV",[52,127631,81],{"class":73},[52,127633,742],{"class":66},[14,127635,164],{},[42,127637,127639],{"className":44,"code":127638,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"False\nTrue\n",[49,127640,127641,127645],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127642,127643],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127644,4435],{"class":128},[52,127646,127647],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127648,4374],{"class":128},[14,127650,127651,127652,35],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[26,127653,127654],{"href":124241},[49,127655,124244],{},[42,127657,127659],{"className":44,"code":127658,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[49,127660,127661,127673],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127662,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127664,126597],{"class":58},[52,127666,63],{"class":62},[52,127668,87],{"class":73},[52,127670,127582],{"class":77},[52,127672,297],{"class":73},[52,127674,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127676,149],{"class":148},[52,127678,152],{"class":66},[52,127680,126615],{"class":155},[52,127682,35],{"class":66},[52,127684,9037],{"class":155},[52,127686,9034],{"class":66},[52,127688,126620],{"class":155},[52,127690,152],{"class":66},[52,127692,81],{"class":73},[52,127694,126627],{"class":77},[52,127696,81],{"class":73},[52,127698,742],{"class":66},[14,127700,164],{},[42,127702,127703],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127704,127705],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127706,127707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127708,4374],{"class":128},[37,127710,127712],{"id":127711},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127714,127715],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[42,127717,127719],{"className":44,"code":127718,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[49,127720,127721,127734],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127722,127723,127725,127727,127729,127732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127724,126597],{"class":58},[52,127726,63],{"class":62},[52,127728,87],{"class":73},[52,127730,127731],{"class":77},"picture.gif",[52,127733,297],{"class":73},[52,127735,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127737,149],{"class":148},[52,127739,152],{"class":66},[52,127741,126615],{"class":155},[52,127743,35],{"class":66},[52,127745,126620],{"class":155},[52,127747,5908],{"class":66},[52,127749,81],{"class":73},[52,127751,127005],{"class":77},[52,127753,81],{"class":73},[52,127755,193],{"class":66},[52,127757,87],{"class":73},[52,127759,126952],{"class":77},[52,127761,81],{"class":73},[52,127763,193],{"class":66},[52,127765,87],{"class":73},[52,127767,127022],{"class":77},[52,127769,81],{"class":73},[52,127771,1291],{"class":66},[14,127773,164],{},[42,127775,127776],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127777,127778],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127779,127780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127781,4374],{"class":128},[14,127783,127784],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127786,52235],{},[42,127788,127790],{"className":44,"code":127789,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[49,127791,127792,127805,127840,127844],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127793,127794,127797,127799,127801,127803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127795,127796],{"class":58},"document ",[52,127798,63],{"class":62},[52,127800,87],{"class":73},[52,127802,87054],{"class":77},[52,127804,297],{"class":73},[52,127806,127807,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127827,127829,127831,127833,127836,127838],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127808,127809],{"class":58},"allowed ",[52,127811,63],{"class":62},[52,127813,1118],{"class":66},[52,127815,81],{"class":73},[52,127817,126650],{"class":77},[52,127819,81],{"class":73},[52,127821,193],{"class":66},[52,127823,87],{"class":73},[52,127825,127826],{"class":77},".md",[52,127828,81],{"class":73},[52,127830,193],{"class":66},[52,127832,87],{"class":73},[52,127834,127835],{"class":77},".docx",[52,127837,81],{"class":73},[52,127839,159],{"class":66},[52,127841,127842],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,127843,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,127845,127846,127848,127850,127853,127855,127857,127859,127862],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,127847,149],{"class":148},[52,127849,152],{"class":66},[52,127851,127852],{"class":155},"document",[52,127854,35],{"class":66},[52,127856,126620],{"class":155},[52,127858,152],{"class":66},[52,127860,127861],{"class":155},"allowed",[52,127863,742],{"class":66},[14,127865,164],{},[42,127867,127868],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,127869,127870],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127871,127872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127873,4374],{"class":128},[14,127875,127876,127877,35],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[26,127878,126514,127880,2292],{"href":127879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[49,127881,127882],{},"startswith()",[37,127884,1743],{"id":1742},[14,127886,8843,127887,35],{},[49,127888,126572],{},[487,127890,127892],{"id":127891},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127894,4922],{},[42,127896,127898],{"className":44,"code":127897,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[49,127899,127900,127912],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127901,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127903,126597],{"class":58},[52,127905,63],{"class":62},[52,127907,87],{"class":73},[52,127909,127494],{"class":77},[52,127911,297],{"class":73},[52,127913,127914],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127915,127916],{"class":1017},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127918,127919],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[42,127921,127923],{"className":44,"code":127922,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[49,127924,127925,127937],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127926,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127928,126597],{"class":58},[52,127930,63],{"class":62},[52,127932,87],{"class":73},[52,127934,127494],{"class":77},[52,127936,297],{"class":73},[52,127938,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127940,149],{"class":148},[52,127942,152],{"class":66},[52,127944,126615],{"class":155},[52,127946,35],{"class":66},[52,127948,126620],{"class":155},[52,127950,5908],{"class":66},[52,127952,81],{"class":73},[52,127954,127005],{"class":77},[52,127956,81],{"class":73},[52,127958,193],{"class":66},[52,127960,87],{"class":73},[52,127962,126952],{"class":77},[52,127964,81],{"class":73},[52,127966,1291],{"class":66},[487,127968,127970],{"id":127969},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[42,127972,127974],{"className":44,"code":127973,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[49,127975,127976,127988],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,127977,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127979,126597],{"class":58},[52,127981,63],{"class":62},[52,127983,87],{"class":73},[52,127985,127582],{"class":77},[52,127987,297],{"class":73},[52,127989,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,127991,149],{"class":148},[52,127993,152],{"class":66},[52,127995,126615],{"class":155},[52,127997,35],{"class":66},[52,127999,126620],{"class":155},[52,128001,152],{"class":66},[52,128003,81],{"class":73},[52,128005,126627],{"class":77},[52,128007,81],{"class":73},[52,128009,742],{"class":66},[14,128011,164],{},[42,128013,128014],{"className":44,"code":4435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,128015,128016],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128017,128018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128019,4435],{"class":128},[14,128021,39411],{},[42,128023,128024],{"className":44,"code":127658,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,128025,128026,128038],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128027,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128029,126597],{"class":58},[52,128031,63],{"class":62},[52,128033,87],{"class":73},[52,128035,127582],{"class":77},[52,128037,297],{"class":73},[52,128039,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128041,149],{"class":148},[52,128043,152],{"class":66},[52,128045,126615],{"class":155},[52,128047,35],{"class":66},[52,128049,9037],{"class":155},[52,128051,9034],{"class":66},[52,128053,126620],{"class":155},[52,128055,152],{"class":66},[52,128057,81],{"class":73},[52,128059,126627],{"class":77},[52,128061,81],{"class":73},[52,128063,742],{"class":66},[487,128065,37352,128067,9101,128069],{"id":128066},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[49,128068,126572],{},[49,128070,4279],{},[14,128072,128073,128075],{},[49,128074,126572],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[42,128077,128079],{"className":44,"code":128078,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[49,128080,128081,128094,128098,128120],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128082,128083,128085,128087,128089,128092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128084,34832],{"class":58},[52,128086,63],{"class":62},[52,128088,87],{"class":73},[52,128090,128091],{"class":77},"my_report.csv.backup",[52,128093,297],{"class":73},[52,128095,128096],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128097,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,128099,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128101,149],{"class":148},[52,128103,152],{"class":66},[52,128105,34853],{"class":155},[52,128107,35],{"class":66},[52,128109,126620],{"class":155},[52,128111,152],{"class":66},[52,128113,81],{"class":73},[52,128115,126627],{"class":77},[52,128117,81],{"class":73},[52,128119,742],{"class":66},[52,128121,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,128123,149],{"class":148},[52,128125,152],{"class":66},[52,128127,81],{"class":73},[52,128129,126627],{"class":77},[52,128131,81],{"class":73},[52,128133,21311],{"class":4272},[52,128135,42993],{"class":155},[52,128137,159],{"class":66},[14,128139,164],{},[42,128141,128142],{"className":44,"code":127638,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,128143,128144,128148],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128145,128146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128147,4435],{"class":128},[52,128149,128150],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128151,4374],{"class":128},[487,128153,8849,128155,128157],{"id":128154},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[49,128156,126572],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128159,128160,128162],{},[49,128161,126572],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[42,128164,128166],{"className":44,"code":128165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[49,128167,128168,128180,128202],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128169,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128171,126597],{"class":58},[52,128173,63],{"class":62},[52,128175,87],{"class":73},[52,128177,126604],{"class":77},[52,128179,297],{"class":73},[52,128181,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128183,149],{"class":148},[52,128185,152],{"class":66},[52,128187,126615],{"class":155},[52,128189,35],{"class":66},[52,128191,126620],{"class":155},[52,128193,152],{"class":66},[52,128195,81],{"class":73},[52,128197,126627],{"class":77},[52,128199,81],{"class":73},[52,128201,742],{"class":66},[52,128203,128204,128206,128208,128210],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128205,149],{"class":148},[52,128207,152],{"class":66},[52,128209,126615],{"class":155},[52,128211,159],{"class":66},[14,128213,164],{},[42,128215,128217],{"className":44,"code":128216,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nreport.csv\n",[49,128218,128219,128223],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128220,128221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128222,4374],{"class":128},[52,128224,128225,128228,128230],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128226,128227],{"class":58},"report",[52,128229,35],{"class":66},[52,128231,128232],{"class":24889},"csv\n",[14,128234,128235,128236,35],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[26,128237,128238],{"href":124682},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128240,66222],{},[227,128242,128243,128246,128249,128252],{},[230,128244,128245],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[230,128247,128248],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[230,128250,128251],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[230,128253,8813,128254,44782,128256,30,128258,111711],{},[49,128255,126572],{},[49,128257,124685],{},[49,128259,41804],{},[14,128261,30277],{},[42,128263,128265],{"className":44,"code":128264,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[49,128266,128267,128277,128291,128313,128339],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128268,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128270,149],{"class":148},[52,128272,152],{"class":66},[52,128274,34853],{"class":155},[52,128276,159],{"class":66},[52,128278,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128280,149],{"class":148},[52,128282,152],{"class":66},[52,128284,41930],{"class":148},[52,128286,152],{"class":66},[52,128288,34853],{"class":155},[52,128290,742],{"class":66},[52,128292,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128294,149],{"class":148},[52,128296,152],{"class":66},[52,128298,34853],{"class":155},[52,128300,35],{"class":66},[52,128302,126620],{"class":155},[52,128304,152],{"class":66},[52,128306,177],{"class":73},[52,128308,126627],{"class":77},[52,128310,177],{"class":73},[52,128312,742],{"class":66},[52,128314,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,128316,149],{"class":148},[52,128318,152],{"class":66},[52,128320,34853],{"class":155},[52,128322,35],{"class":66},[52,128324,9037],{"class":155},[52,128326,9034],{"class":66},[52,128328,126620],{"class":155},[52,128330,152],{"class":66},[52,128332,177],{"class":73},[52,128334,126627],{"class":77},[52,128336,177],{"class":73},[52,128338,742],{"class":66},[52,128340,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349,128351],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,128342,149],{"class":148},[52,128344,152],{"class":66},[52,128346,734],{"class":646},[52,128348,152],{"class":66},[52,128350,34853],{"class":155},[52,128352,742],{"class":66},[37,128354,2220],{"id":2219},[487,128356,13061,128358,128360],{"id":128357},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[49,128359,126572],{}," change the string?",[14,128362,128363,128364,30,128366,35],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[49,128365,862],{},[49,128367,4069],{},[487,128369,5567,128371,128373],{"id":128370},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[49,128372,126572],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128375,128376,128377,35],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[49,128378,128379],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[487,128381,15257,128383,124850],{"id":128382},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[49,128384,126572],{},[14,128386,128387,128388,30,128390,128393],{},"Yes. Use ",[49,128389,124244],{},[49,128391,128392],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[487,128395,2259,128397,2262,128399,2265],{"id":128396},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[49,128398,126572],{},[49,128400,124509],{},[14,128402,128403,128405,128406,128408],{},[49,128404,126572],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[49,128407,124509],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[37,128410,2277],{"id":2276},[227,128412,128413,128419,128425,128429,128433],{},[230,128414,128415],{},[26,128416,126514,128417,2292],{"href":127879},[49,128418,127882],{},[230,128420,128421],{},[26,128422,126514,128423,2292],{"href":124241},[49,128424,124244],{},[230,128426,128427],{},[26,128428,124913],{"href":123769},[230,128430,128431],{},[26,128432,124920],{"href":124682},[230,128434,128435],{},[26,128436,125269],{"href":51130},[2315,128438,128439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":128441},[128442,128443,128445,128446,128451,128452,128458,128459,128460,128468,128478],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":126680,"depth":70,"text":128444},"What endswith() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":126895,"depth":70,"text":126896,"children":128447},[128448,128449,128450],{"id":126809,"depth":98,"text":126809},{"id":36219,"depth":98,"text":36219},{"id":52816,"depth":98,"text":52816},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":127308,"depth":70,"text":127309,"children":128453},[128454,128455,128456,128457],{"id":127312,"depth":98,"text":127313},{"id":127366,"depth":98,"text":127367},{"id":127423,"depth":98,"text":127424},{"id":127477,"depth":98,"text":127478},{"id":124160,"depth":70,"text":124161},{"id":127711,"depth":70,"text":127712},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":128461},[128462,128463,128464,128466],{"id":127891,"depth":98,"text":127892},{"id":127969,"depth":98,"text":127970},{"id":128066,"depth":98,"text":128465},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128154,"depth":98,"text":128467},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":128469},[128470,128472,128474,128476],{"id":128357,"depth":98,"text":128471},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128370,"depth":98,"text":128473},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128382,"depth":98,"text":128475},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128396,"depth":98,"text":128477},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126564,"description":128479},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128486,"title":128487,"body":128488,"description":130156,"extension":2357,"meta":130157,"navigation":141,"path":130158,"seo":130159,"stem":130160,"__hash__":130161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128489,"toc":130129},[128490,128495,128500,128505,128510,128603,128613,128618,128623,128638,128640,128722,128730,128732,128734,128761,128763,128779,128786,128788,128896,128898,128903,128919,128921,129016,129024,129027,129033,129038,129043,129050,129189,129192,129205,129207,129211,129218,129288,129291,129340,129347,129354,129368,129373,129378,129424,129470,129486,129488,129493,129507,129510,129632,129637,129639,129644,129677,129680,129756,129758,129767,129781,129784,129868,129871,129982,129985,130013,130015,130022,130026,130032,130035,130041,130044,130051,130062,130068,130075,130077,130126],[10,128491,123514,128493,11684],{"id":128492},"python-string-find-method",[49,128494,124509],{},[14,128496,123519,128497,128499],{},[49,128498,124509],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128501,128502,128503,35],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[49,128504,66013],{},[14,128506,340,128507,128509],{},[49,128508,124509],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[42,128511,128513],{"className":44,"code":128512,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[49,128514,128515,128527,128550,128563,128567,128590],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128516,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128518,34832],{"class":58},[52,128520,63],{"class":62},[52,128522,87],{"class":73},[52,128524,60564],{"class":77},[52,128526,297],{"class":73},[52,128528,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128530,65078],{"class":58},[52,128532,63],{"class":62},[52,128534,42993],{"class":58},[52,128536,35],{"class":66},[52,128538,128539],{"class":155},"find",[52,128541,152],{"class":66},[52,128543,81],{"class":73},[52,128545,60749],{"class":77},[52,128547,81],{"class":73},[52,128549,159],{"class":66},[52,128551,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128553,149],{"class":148},[52,128555,152],{"class":66},[52,128557,65105],{"class":155},[52,128559,4056],{"class":66},[52,128561,128562],{"class":1017},"   # 6\n",[52,128564,128565],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,128566,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,128568,128569,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,128570,128571],{"class":58},"missing ",[52,128573,63],{"class":62},[52,128575,42993],{"class":58},[52,128577,35],{"class":66},[52,128579,128539],{"class":155},[52,128581,152],{"class":66},[52,128583,81],{"class":73},[52,128585,46],{"class":77},[52,128587,81],{"class":73},[52,128589,159],{"class":66},[52,128591,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,128593,149],{"class":148},[52,128595,152],{"class":66},[52,128597,26913],{"class":155},[52,128599,4056],{"class":66},[52,128601,128602],{"class":1017},"    # -1\n",[43732,128604,128605],{},[14,128606,340,128607,128609,128610,128612],{},[49,128608,124509],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[49,128611,66013],{}," if the substring is not found.",[37,128614,4073,128616,4076],{"id":128615},"what-find-does",[49,128617,124509],{},[14,128619,128620,128622],{},[49,128621,124509],{}," is a string method that:",[227,128624,128625,128628,128631,128636],{},[230,128626,128627],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[230,128629,128630],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[230,128632,11786,128633,128635],{},[49,128634,66013],{}," if no match is found",[230,128637,126700],{},[14,128639,511],{},[42,128641,128643],{"className":44,"code":128642,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[49,128644,128645,128657,128661,128685,128709],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128646,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128648,34832],{"class":58},[52,128650,63],{"class":62},[52,128652,87],{"class":73},[52,128654,4483],{"class":77},[52,128656,297],{"class":73},[52,128658,128659],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128660,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,128662,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128664,149],{"class":148},[52,128666,152],{"class":66},[52,128668,34853],{"class":155},[52,128670,35],{"class":66},[52,128672,128539],{"class":155},[52,128674,152],{"class":66},[52,128676,81],{"class":73},[52,128678,123607],{"class":77},[52,128680,81],{"class":73},[52,128682,5758],{"class":66},[52,128684,57802],{"class":1017},[52,128686,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,128688,149],{"class":148},[52,128690,152],{"class":66},[52,128692,34853],{"class":155},[52,128694,35],{"class":66},[52,128696,128539],{"class":155},[52,128698,152],{"class":66},[52,128700,81],{"class":73},[52,128702,2570],{"class":77},[52,128704,81],{"class":73},[52,128706,5758],{"class":66},[52,128708,128602],{"class":1017},[52,128710,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,128712,149],{"class":148},[52,128714,152],{"class":66},[52,128716,34853],{"class":155},[52,128718,4056],{"class":66},[52,128720,128721],{"class":1017},"              # banana\n",[14,128723,20908,128724,128727,128728,35],{},[49,128725,128726],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[49,128729,2451],{},[37,128731,2553],{"id":2552},[14,128733,2556],{},[42,128735,128737],{"className":44,"code":128736,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[49,128738,128739],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128740,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128742,61332],{"class":58},[52,128744,35],{"class":66},[52,128746,128539],{"class":155},[52,128748,152],{"class":66},[52,128750,263],{"class":155},[52,128752,193],{"class":66},[52,128754,36198],{"class":155},[52,128756,193],{"class":66},[52,128758,65199],{"class":155},[52,128760,159],{"class":66},[487,128762,17530],{"id":17529},[227,128764,128765,128769,128774],{},[230,128766,128767,123706],{},[49,128768,263],{},[230,128770,128771,128773],{},[49,128772,36219],{},": optional starting position",[230,128775,128776,128778],{},[49,128777,52816],{},": optional ending position",[14,128780,128781,2262,128783,128785],{},[49,128782,36219],{},[49,128784,52816],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128787,126843],{},[42,128789,128791],{"className":44,"code":128790,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[49,128792,128793,128805,128809,128834,128863],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128794,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128796,34832],{"class":58},[52,128798,63],{"class":62},[52,128800,87],{"class":73},[52,128802,60564],{"class":77},[52,128804,297],{"class":73},[52,128806,128807],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128808,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,128810,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128812,149],{"class":148},[52,128814,152],{"class":66},[52,128816,34853],{"class":155},[52,128818,35],{"class":66},[52,128820,128539],{"class":155},[52,128822,152],{"class":66},[52,128824,81],{"class":73},[52,128826,60631],{"class":77},[52,128828,81],{"class":73},[52,128830,5758],{"class":66},[52,128832,128833],{"class":1017},"        # 4\n",[52,128835,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,128837,149],{"class":148},[52,128839,152],{"class":66},[52,128841,34853],{"class":155},[52,128843,35],{"class":66},[52,128845,128539],{"class":155},[52,128847,152],{"class":66},[52,128849,81],{"class":73},[52,128851,60631],{"class":77},[52,128853,81],{"class":73},[52,128855,193],{"class":66},[52,128857,5002],{"class":110},[52,128859,5758],{"class":66},[52,128861,128862],{"class":1017},"     # 7\n",[52,128864,128865,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,128866,149],{"class":148},[52,128868,152],{"class":66},[52,128870,34853],{"class":155},[52,128872,35],{"class":66},[52,128874,128539],{"class":155},[52,128876,152],{"class":66},[52,128878,81],{"class":73},[52,128880,60631],{"class":77},[52,128882,81],{"class":73},[52,128884,193],{"class":66},[52,128886,5002],{"class":110},[52,128888,193],{"class":66},[52,128890,6392],{"class":110},[52,128892,5758],{"class":66},[52,128894,128895],{"class":1017},"  # -1\n",[37,128897,38169],{"id":38168},[14,128899,57701,128900,128902],{},[49,128901,124509],{}," is always an integer.",[227,128904,128905,128911,128914],{},[230,128906,128907,128908,128910],{},"A number ",[49,128909,2514],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[230,128912,128913],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[230,128915,128916,128918],{},[49,128917,66013],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128920,511],{},[42,128922,128924],{"className":44,"code":128923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[49,128925,128926,128938,128942,128967,128992],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,128927,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128929,34832],{"class":58},[52,128931,63],{"class":62},[52,128933,87],{"class":73},[52,128935,46],{"class":77},[52,128937,297],{"class":73},[52,128939,128940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,128941,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,128943,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128961,128963,128965],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,128945,149],{"class":148},[52,128947,152],{"class":66},[52,128949,34853],{"class":155},[52,128951,35],{"class":66},[52,128953,128539],{"class":155},[52,128955,152],{"class":66},[52,128957,81],{"class":73},[52,128959,128960],{"class":77},"py",[52,128962,81],{"class":73},[52,128964,5758],{"class":66},[52,128966,20905],{"class":1017},[52,128968,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128986,128988,128990],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,128970,149],{"class":148},[52,128972,152],{"class":66},[52,128974,34853],{"class":155},[52,128976,35],{"class":66},[52,128978,128539],{"class":155},[52,128980,152],{"class":66},[52,128982,81],{"class":73},[52,128984,128985],{"class":77},"th",[52,128987,81],{"class":73},[52,128989,5758],{"class":66},[52,128991,57802],{"class":1017},[52,128993,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,128995,149],{"class":148},[52,128997,152],{"class":66},[52,128999,34853],{"class":155},[52,129001,35],{"class":66},[52,129003,128539],{"class":155},[52,129005,152],{"class":66},[52,129007,81],{"class":73},[52,129009,22215],{"class":77},[52,129011,81],{"class":73},[52,129013,5758],{"class":66},[52,129015,128602],{"class":1017},[14,129017,90069,129018,8852,129020,30,129022,35],{},[49,129019,124509],{},[49,129021,862],{},[49,129023,4069],{},[14,129025,129026],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[37,129028,8813,129029,2262,129031],{"id":65565},[49,129030,36219],{},[49,129032,52816],{},[14,129034,340,129035,129037],{},[49,129036,36219],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,129039,340,129040,129042],{},[49,129041,52816],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,129044,2374,129045,75621,129047,129049],{},[49,129046,52816],{},[18,129048,65228],{}," in the search.",[42,129051,129053],{"className":44,"code":129052,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[49,129054,129055,129068,129072,129096,129125,129157],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129056,129057,129059,129061,129063,129066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129058,34832],{"class":58},[52,129060,63],{"class":62},[52,129062,87],{"class":73},[52,129064,129065],{"class":77},"one two three two",[52,129067,297],{"class":73},[52,129069,129070],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129071,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129073,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129075,149],{"class":148},[52,129077,152],{"class":66},[52,129079,34853],{"class":155},[52,129081,35],{"class":66},[52,129083,128539],{"class":155},[52,129085,152],{"class":66},[52,129087,81],{"class":73},[52,129089,79430],{"class":77},[52,129091,81],{"class":73},[52,129093,5758],{"class":66},[52,129095,128833],{"class":1017},[52,129097,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,129099,149],{"class":148},[52,129101,152],{"class":66},[52,129103,34853],{"class":155},[52,129105,35],{"class":66},[52,129107,128539],{"class":155},[52,129109,152],{"class":66},[52,129111,81],{"class":73},[52,129113,79430],{"class":77},[52,129115,81],{"class":73},[52,129117,193],{"class":66},[52,129119,5002],{"class":110},[52,129121,5758],{"class":66},[52,129123,129124],{"class":1017},"     # 14\n",[52,129126,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,129128,149],{"class":148},[52,129130,152],{"class":66},[52,129132,34853],{"class":155},[52,129134,35],{"class":66},[52,129136,128539],{"class":155},[52,129138,152],{"class":66},[52,129140,81],{"class":73},[52,129142,79430],{"class":77},[52,129144,81],{"class":73},[52,129146,193],{"class":66},[52,129148,4229],{"class":110},[52,129150,193],{"class":66},[52,129152,6392],{"class":110},[52,129154,5758],{"class":66},[52,129156,51090],{"class":1017},[52,129158,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129160,149],{"class":148},[52,129162,152],{"class":66},[52,129164,34853],{"class":155},[52,129166,35],{"class":66},[52,129168,128539],{"class":155},[52,129170,152],{"class":66},[52,129172,81],{"class":73},[52,129174,79430],{"class":77},[52,129176,81],{"class":73},[52,129178,193],{"class":66},[52,129180,4229],{"class":110},[52,129182,193],{"class":66},[52,129184,2856],{"class":110},[52,129186,5758],{"class":66},[52,129188,128895],{"class":1017},[14,129190,129191],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129193,129194,129195,55225,129199,35],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[26,129196,129198],{"href":129197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[26,129200,129202,129204],{"href":129201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[49,129203,60689],{}," string method",[37,129206,124161],{"id":124160},[14,129208,129209,123972],{},[49,129210,124509],{},[14,129212,127559,129213,2262,129215,129217],{},[49,129214,90577],{},[49,129216,64693],{}," are treated as different text.",[42,129219,129221],{"className":44,"code":129220,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[49,129222,129223,129236,129240,129264],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129224,129225,129227,129229,129231,129234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129226,34832],{"class":58},[52,129228,63],{"class":62},[52,129230,87],{"class":73},[52,129232,129233],{"class":77},"Hello World",[52,129235,297],{"class":73},[52,129237,129238],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129239,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129241,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129243,149],{"class":148},[52,129245,152],{"class":66},[52,129247,34853],{"class":155},[52,129249,35],{"class":66},[52,129251,128539],{"class":155},[52,129253,152],{"class":66},[52,129255,81],{"class":73},[52,129257,35012],{"class":77},[52,129259,81],{"class":73},[52,129261,5758],{"class":66},[52,129263,51402],{"class":1017},[52,129265,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,129267,149],{"class":148},[52,129269,152],{"class":66},[52,129271,34853],{"class":155},[52,129273,35],{"class":66},[52,129275,128539],{"class":155},[52,129277,152],{"class":66},[52,129279,81],{"class":73},[52,129281,4241],{"class":77},[52,129283,81],{"class":73},[52,129285,5758],{"class":66},[52,129287,128895],{"class":1017},[14,129289,129290],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[42,129292,129294],{"className":44,"code":129293,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[49,129295,129296,129308,129312],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129297,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129299,34832],{"class":58},[52,129301,63],{"class":62},[52,129303,87],{"class":73},[52,129305,129233],{"class":77},[52,129307,297],{"class":73},[52,129309,129310],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129311,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129313,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129315,149],{"class":148},[52,129317,152],{"class":66},[52,129319,34853],{"class":155},[52,129321,35],{"class":66},[52,129323,9037],{"class":155},[52,129325,9034],{"class":66},[52,129327,128539],{"class":155},[52,129329,152],{"class":66},[52,129331,81],{"class":73},[52,129333,4241],{"class":77},[52,129335,81],{"class":73},[52,129337,5758],{"class":66},[52,129339,51402],{"class":1017},[37,129341,129343,10954,129345],{"id":129342},"find-vs-index",[49,129344,124509],{},[49,129346,59125],{},[14,129348,129349,2262,129351,129353],{},[49,129350,124509],{},[49,129352,59125],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[227,129355,129356,129362],{},[230,129357,129358,2795,129360],{},[49,129359,124509],{},[49,129361,66013],{},[230,129363,129364,52650,129366],{},[49,129365,59125],{},[49,129367,40854],{},[14,129369,340,129370,129372],{},[49,129371,124509],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129374,340,129375,129377],{},[49,129376,59125],{}," when the value must exist.",[42,129379,129381],{"className":44,"code":129380,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[49,129382,129383,129395,129399],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129386,34832],{"class":58},[52,129388,63],{"class":62},[52,129390,87],{"class":73},[52,129392,4241],{"class":77},[52,129394,297],{"class":73},[52,129396,129397],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129398,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129400,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129402,149],{"class":148},[52,129404,152],{"class":66},[52,129406,34853],{"class":155},[52,129408,35],{"class":66},[52,129410,128539],{"class":155},[52,129412,152],{"class":66},[52,129414,81],{"class":73},[52,129416,2570],{"class":77},[52,129418,81],{"class":73},[52,129420,5758],{"class":66},[52,129422,129423],{"class":1017},"   # -1\n",[42,129425,129427],{"className":44,"code":129426,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[49,129428,129429,129441,129445],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129430,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129432,34832],{"class":58},[52,129434,63],{"class":62},[52,129436,87],{"class":73},[52,129438,4241],{"class":77},[52,129440,297],{"class":73},[52,129442,129443],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129444,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129446,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459,129461,129463,129465,129467],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129448,149],{"class":148},[52,129450,152],{"class":66},[52,129452,34853],{"class":155},[52,129454,35],{"class":66},[52,129456,35992],{"class":155},[52,129458,152],{"class":66},[52,129460,81],{"class":73},[52,129462,2570],{"class":77},[52,129464,81],{"class":73},[52,129466,5758],{"class":66},[52,129468,129469],{"class":1017},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129471,129472,129473,129477,129478,129480,129481,35],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[26,129474,129475,129204],{"href":124534},[49,129476,59125],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[49,129479,59125],{},", read ",[26,129482,25819,129483],{"href":73641},[49,129484,129485],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[37,129487,41196],{"id":41195},[14,129489,35551,129490,129492],{},[49,129491,124509],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[227,129494,129495,129498,129501,129504],{},[230,129496,129497],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[230,129499,129500],{},"Get the position of a word",[230,129502,129503],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[230,129505,129506],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129508,129509],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[42,129511,129513],{"className":44,"code":129512,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[49,129514,129515,129528,129551,129555,129570,129586,129605,129619],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129516,129517,129519,129521,129523,129526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129518,34832],{"class":58},[52,129520,63],{"class":62},[52,129522,87],{"class":73},[52,129524,129525],{"class":77},"name:Alice",[52,129527,297],{"class":73},[52,129529,129530,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129531,129532],{"class":58},"colon_pos ",[52,129534,63],{"class":62},[52,129536,42993],{"class":58},[52,129538,35],{"class":66},[52,129540,128539],{"class":155},[52,129542,152],{"class":66},[52,129544,81],{"class":73},[52,129546,84],{"class":77},[52,129548,81],{"class":73},[52,129550,159],{"class":66},[52,129552,129553],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129554,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129556,129557,129559,129562,129564,129566,129568],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,129558,7395],{"class":4272},[52,129560,129561],{"class":58}," colon_pos ",[52,129563,72751],{"class":62},[52,129565,2618],{"class":62},[52,129567,1565],{"class":110},[52,129569,6792],{"class":66},[52,129571,129572,129575,129577,129579,129581,129584],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,129573,129574],{"class":58},"    label ",[52,129576,63],{"class":62},[52,129578,42993],{"class":58},[52,129580,75694],{"class":66},[52,129582,129583],{"class":58},"colon_pos",[52,129585,4030],{"class":66},[52,129587,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129589,27541],{"class":58},[52,129591,63],{"class":62},[52,129593,42993],{"class":58},[52,129595,1709],{"class":66},[52,129597,129532],{"class":58},[52,129599,2454],{"class":62},[52,129601,5895],{"class":110},[52,129603,129604],{"class":66},":]\n",[52,129606,129607,129609,129611,129614,129616],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,129608,8463],{"class":148},[52,129610,152],{"class":66},[52,129612,129613],{"class":155},"label",[52,129615,4056],{"class":66},[52,129617,129618],{"class":1017},"  # name\n",[52,129620,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,129622,8463],{"class":148},[52,129624,152],{"class":66},[52,129626,263],{"class":155},[52,129628,4056],{"class":66},[52,129630,129631],{"class":1017},"  # Alice\n",[14,129633,129634,129635,35],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[26,129636,127550],{"href":123769},[37,129638,1743],{"id":1742},[14,129640,129641,129642,84],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[49,129643,124509],{},[227,129645,129646,129655,129661,129666,129672],{},[230,129647,8849,129648,8852,129650,30,129652,129654],{},[49,129649,124509],{},[49,129651,862],{},[49,129653,4069],{}," instead of an index",[230,129656,129657,129658,129660],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[49,129659,66013],{}," when the substring is missing",[230,129662,8813,129663,129665],{},[49,129664,124509],{}," without handling case differences",[230,129667,37352,129668,9101,129670],{},[49,129669,124509],{},[49,129671,59125],{},[230,129673,4976,129674,129676],{},[49,129675,124509],{}," changes the string",[14,129678,129679],{},"Example of a mistake:",[42,129681,129683],{"className":44,"code":129682,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[49,129684,129685,129697,129701,129721,129736,129742],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129686,129687,129689,129691,129693,129695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129688,34832],{"class":58},[52,129690,63],{"class":62},[52,129692,87],{"class":73},[52,129694,4241],{"class":77},[52,129696,297],{"class":73},[52,129698,129699],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129700,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129702,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129704,7395],{"class":4272},[52,129706,42993],{"class":58},[52,129708,35],{"class":66},[52,129710,128539],{"class":155},[52,129712,152],{"class":66},[52,129714,81],{"class":73},[52,129716,60596],{"class":77},[52,129718,81],{"class":73},[52,129720,8737],{"class":66},[52,129722,129723,129725,129727,129729,129732,129734],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,129724,8463],{"class":148},[52,129726,152],{"class":66},[52,129728,81],{"class":73},[52,129730,129731],{"class":77},"Found",[52,129733,81],{"class":73},[52,129735,159],{"class":66},[52,129737,129738,129740],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,129739,27574],{"class":4272},[52,129741,6792],{"class":66},[52,129743,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129754],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129745,8463],{"class":148},[52,129747,152],{"class":66},[52,129749,81],{"class":73},[52,129751,26455],{"class":77},[52,129753,81],{"class":73},[52,129755,159],{"class":66},[14,129757,100075],{},[42,129759,129761],{"className":44,"code":129760,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Not found\n",[49,129762,129763],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129764,129765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129766,129760],{"class":58},[14,129768,45856,129769,129772,129773,2210,129775,129777,129778,129780],{},[49,129770,129771],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[49,129774,2514],{},[49,129776,2514],{}," is treated as false in an ",[49,129779,7395],{}," statement.",[14,129782,129783],{},"A safer version is:",[42,129785,129787],{"className":44,"code":129786,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[49,129788,129789,129801,129805,129834,129848,129854],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129790,129791,129793,129795,129797,129799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129792,34832],{"class":58},[52,129794,63],{"class":62},[52,129796,87],{"class":73},[52,129798,4241],{"class":77},[52,129800,297],{"class":73},[52,129802,129803],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129804,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,129806,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823,129825,129828,129830,129832],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129808,7395],{"class":4272},[52,129810,42993],{"class":58},[52,129812,35],{"class":66},[52,129814,128539],{"class":155},[52,129816,152],{"class":66},[52,129818,81],{"class":73},[52,129820,60596],{"class":77},[52,129822,81],{"class":73},[52,129824,4056],{"class":66},[52,129826,129827],{"class":62}," !=",[52,129829,2618],{"class":62},[52,129831,1565],{"class":110},[52,129833,6792],{"class":66},[52,129835,129836,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,129837,8463],{"class":148},[52,129839,152],{"class":66},[52,129841,81],{"class":73},[52,129843,129731],{"class":77},[52,129845,81],{"class":73},[52,129847,159],{"class":66},[52,129849,129850,129852],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,129851,27574],{"class":4272},[52,129853,6792],{"class":66},[52,129855,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,129857,8463],{"class":148},[52,129859,152],{"class":66},[52,129861,81],{"class":73},[52,129863,26455],{"class":77},[52,129865,81],{"class":73},[52,129867,159],{"class":66},[14,129869,129870],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[42,129872,129874],{"className":44,"code":129873,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[49,129875,129876,129898,129912,129938,129952],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,129877,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892,129894,129896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129879,149],{"class":148},[52,129881,152],{"class":66},[52,129883,34853],{"class":155},[52,129885,35],{"class":66},[52,129887,128539],{"class":155},[52,129889,152],{"class":66},[52,129891,177],{"class":73},[52,129893,38540],{"class":77},[52,129895,177],{"class":73},[52,129897,742],{"class":66},[52,129899,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,129901,149],{"class":148},[52,129903,152],{"class":66},[52,129905,41930],{"class":148},[52,129907,152],{"class":66},[52,129909,34853],{"class":155},[52,129911,742],{"class":66},[52,129913,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930,129932,129934,129936],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,129915,149],{"class":148},[52,129917,152],{"class":66},[52,129919,34853],{"class":155},[52,129921,35],{"class":66},[52,129923,9037],{"class":155},[52,129925,9034],{"class":66},[52,129927,128539],{"class":155},[52,129929,152],{"class":66},[52,129931,177],{"class":73},[52,129933,38540],{"class":77},[52,129935,177],{"class":73},[52,129937,742],{"class":66},[52,129939,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948,129950],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,129941,149],{"class":148},[52,129943,152],{"class":66},[52,129945,2082],{"class":148},[52,129947,152],{"class":66},[52,129949,34853],{"class":155},[52,129951,742],{"class":66},[52,129953,129954,129956,129958,129960,129962,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972,129974,129976,129978,129980],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,129955,149],{"class":148},[52,129957,152],{"class":66},[52,129959,34853],{"class":155},[52,129961,35],{"class":66},[52,129963,128539],{"class":155},[52,129965,152],{"class":66},[52,129967,177],{"class":73},[52,129969,38540],{"class":77},[52,129971,177],{"class":73},[52,129973,193],{"class":66},[52,129975,36198],{"class":155},[52,129977,193],{"class":66},[52,129979,65199],{"class":155},[52,129981,742],{"class":66},[14,129983,129984],{},"These help you check:",[227,129986,129987,129992,129997,130002,130005],{},[230,129988,129989,129990],{},"The actual result from ",[49,129991,124509],{},[230,129993,129994,129995],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[49,129996,122728],{},[230,129998,129999,130000],{},"Case differences with ",[49,130001,124244],{},[230,130003,130004],{},"The string length",[230,130006,130007,130008,2262,130010,130012],{},"Whether your ",[49,130009,36219],{},[49,130011,52816],{}," values are correct",[37,130014,2220],{"id":2219},[487,130016,130018,130019,130021],{"id":130017},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[49,130020,124509],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,130023,5545,130024,35],{},[49,130025,66013],{},[487,130027,13061,130029,130031],{"id":130028},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[49,130030,124509],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,130033,130034],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[487,130036,130038,130039,124850],{"id":130037},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[49,130040,124509],{},[14,130042,130043],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[487,130045,2259,130047,2262,130049,69814],{"id":130046},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[49,130048,124509],{},[49,130050,59125],{},[14,130052,130053,2795,130055,130057,130058,52650,130060,35],{},[49,130054,124509],{},[49,130056,66013],{}," if not found, while ",[49,130059,59125],{},[49,130061,40854],{},[487,130063,28469,130065,130067],{"id":130064},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[49,130066,124509],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,130069,130070,130071,2262,130073,66312],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[49,130072,36219],{},[49,130074,52816],{},[37,130076,2277],{"id":2276},[227,130078,130079,130085,130091,130098,130104,130111,130115,130120],{},[230,130080,130081],{},[26,130082,126514,130083,2292],{"href":124534},[49,130084,59125],{},[230,130086,130087],{},[26,130088,126514,130089,2292],{"href":129201},[49,130090,60689],{},[230,130092,130093],{},[26,130094,126514,130096,2292],{"href":130095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[49,130097,124685],{},[230,130099,130100],{},[26,130101,126514,130102,2292],{"href":127879},[49,130103,127882],{},[230,130105,130106],{},[26,130107,126514,130109,2292],{"href":130108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[49,130110,126572],{},[230,130112,130113],{},[26,130114,124913],{"href":123769},[230,130116,130117],{},[26,130118,130119],{"href":129197},"How to split a string in Python",[230,130121,130122],{},[26,130123,26262,130124],{"href":73641},[49,130125,129485],{},[2315,130127,130128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":130130},[130131,130133,130136,130137,130138,130139,130141,130142,130143,130155],{"id":128615,"depth":70,"text":130132},"What find() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":130134},[130135],{"id":17529,"depth":98,"text":17530},{"id":38168,"depth":70,"text":38169},{"id":65565,"depth":70,"text":66348},{"id":124160,"depth":70,"text":124161},{"id":129342,"depth":70,"text":130140},"find() vs index()",{"id":41195,"depth":70,"text":41196},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":130144},[130145,130147,130149,130151,130153],{"id":130017,"depth":98,"text":130146},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130028,"depth":98,"text":130148},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130037,"depth":98,"text":130150},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130046,"depth":98,"text":130152},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130064,"depth":98,"text":130154},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128487,"description":130156},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130163,"title":130164,"body":130165,"description":132091,"extension":2357,"meta":132092,"navigation":141,"path":132093,"seo":132094,"stem":132095,"__hash__":132096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130166,"toc":132059},[130167,130172,130177,130180,130182,130258,130262,130290,130298,130302,130307,130311,130328,130330,130397,130401,130423,130431,130433,130436,130460,130463,130477,130479,130564,130568,130580,130583,130587,130593,130643,130647,130664,130673,130676,130684,130687,130736,130740,130765,130768,130823,130827,130839,130845,130849,130855,130860,130927,130931,130957,130960,130971,130973,131040,131044,131069,131076,131080,131085,131092,131100,131102,131154,131158,131176,131178,131223,131227,131242,131245,131255,131262,131264,131268,131271,131282,131284,131344,131348,131376,131379,131385,131390,131393,131397,131441,131444,131482,131485,131493,131495,131500,131504,131507,131555,131558,131561,131617,131621,131626,131629,131678,131680,131729,131735,131740,131742,131789,131793,131806,131808,131859,131865,131868,131872,131875,131881,131886,131888,131891,131963,131966,131983,131985,131990,131993,131997,132003,132009,132016,132022,132028,132030,132056],[10,130168,123514,130170,11684],{"id":130169},"python-string-format-method",[49,130171,126517],{},[14,130173,123519,130174,130176],{},[49,130175,126517],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130178,130179],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[37,130181,40],{"id":39},[42,130183,130185],{"className":44,"code":130184,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[49,130186,130187,130199,130207,130211,130248],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130188,130189,130191,130193,130195,130197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130190,8271],{"class":58},[52,130192,63],{"class":62},[52,130194,87],{"class":73},[52,130196,11868],{"class":77},[52,130198,297],{"class":73},[52,130200,130201,130203,130205],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130202,21766],{"class":58},[52,130204,63],{"class":62},[52,130206,88958],{"class":110},[52,130208,130209],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,130210,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,130212,130213,130215,130217,130219,130222,130224,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130238,130240,130242,130244,130246],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,130214,90166],{"class":58},[52,130216,63],{"class":62},[52,130218,87],{"class":73},[52,130220,130221],{"class":77},"My name is ",[52,130223,343],{"class":110},[52,130225,130226],{"class":77}," and I am ",[52,130228,343],{"class":110},[52,130230,122510],{"class":77},[52,130232,81],{"class":73},[52,130234,35],{"class":66},[52,130236,130237],{"class":155},"format",[52,130239,152],{"class":66},[52,130241,78],{"class":155},[52,130243,193],{"class":66},[52,130245,847],{"class":155},[52,130247,159],{"class":66},[52,130249,130250,130252,130254,130256],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,130251,149],{"class":148},[52,130253,152],{"class":66},[52,130255,90183],{"class":155},[52,130257,159],{"class":66},[14,130259,130260],{},[18,130261,164],{},[42,130263,130265],{"className":44,"code":130264,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[49,130266,130267],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130268,130269,130272,130274,130277,130280,130283,130286,130288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130270,130271],{"class":58},"My name ",[52,130273,12551],{"class":62},[52,130275,130276],{"class":58}," Maya ",[52,130278,130279],{"class":62},"and",[52,130281,130282],{"class":58}," I am ",[52,130284,130285],{"class":110},"12",[52,130287,122543],{"class":58},[52,130289,122546],{"class":66},[14,130291,340,130292,130294,130295,130297],{},[49,130293,343],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[49,130296,126517],{}," in the same order.",[14,130299,125266,130300,35],{},[26,130301,125269],{"href":51130},[37,130303,13352,130305,13355],{"id":130304},"what-the-format-method-does",[49,130306,126517],{},[14,130308,2374,130309,11775],{},[49,130310,126517],{},[227,130312,130313,130316,130322,130325],{},[230,130314,130315],{},"inserts values into a string",[230,130317,130318,130319,130321],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[49,130320,343],{}," with given values",[230,130323,130324],{},"returns a new string",[230,130326,130327],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130329,511],{},[42,130331,130333],{"className":44,"code":130332,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[49,130334,130335,130349,130372,130376,130387],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130336,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130338,34832],{"class":58},[52,130340,63],{"class":62},[52,130342,87],{"class":73},[52,130344,45054],{"class":77},[52,130346,343],{"class":110},[52,130348,297],{"class":73},[52,130350,130351,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130366,130368,130370],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130352,130353],{"class":58},"new_text ",[52,130355,63],{"class":62},[52,130357,42993],{"class":58},[52,130359,35],{"class":66},[52,130361,130237],{"class":155},[52,130363,152],{"class":66},[52,130365,81],{"class":73},[52,130367,976],{"class":77},[52,130369,81],{"class":73},[52,130371,159],{"class":66},[52,130373,130374],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,130375,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,130377,130378,130380,130382,130385],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,130379,149],{"class":148},[52,130381,152],{"class":66},[52,130383,130384],{"class":155},"new_text",[52,130386,159],{"class":66},[52,130388,130389,130391,130393,130395],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,130390,149],{"class":148},[52,130392,152],{"class":66},[52,130394,34853],{"class":155},[52,130396,159],{"class":66},[14,130398,130399],{},[18,130400,164],{},[42,130402,130404],{"className":44,"code":130403,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[49,130405,130406,130415],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130407,130408,130410,130412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130409,35012],{"class":58},[52,130411,193],{"class":66},[52,130413,130414],{"class":58}," Sam\n",[52,130416,130417,130419,130421],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130418,35012],{"class":58},[52,130420,193],{"class":66},[52,130422,621],{"class":66},[14,130424,2683,130425,130427,130428,130430],{},[49,130426,34853],{}," stays the same. ",[49,130429,126517],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[37,130432,2553],{"id":2552},[14,130434,130435],{},"The general form is:",[42,130437,130439],{"className":44,"code":130438,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[49,130440,130441],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130442,130443,130445,130448,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130444,81],{"class":43480},[52,130446,130447],{"class":43484},"text {}",[52,130449,81],{"class":43480},[52,130451,35],{"class":66},[52,130453,130237],{"class":155},[52,130455,152],{"class":66},[52,130457,263],{"class":155},[52,130459,159],{"class":66},[14,130461,130462],{},"Key idea:",[227,130464,130465,130471,130474],{},[230,130466,130467,130468,130470],{},"each ",[49,130469,343],{}," is a placeholder",[230,130472,130473],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[230,130475,130476],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130478,511],{},[42,130480,130482],{"className":44,"code":130481,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[49,130483,130484,130497,130511,130515,130553],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130485,130486,130489,130491,130493,130495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130487,130488],{"class":58},"animal ",[52,130490,63],{"class":62},[52,130492,87],{"class":73},[52,130494,37195],{"class":77},[52,130496,297],{"class":73},[52,130498,130499,130502,130504,130506,130509],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130500,130501],{"class":58},"sound ",[52,130503,63],{"class":62},[52,130505,87],{"class":73},[52,130507,130508],{"class":77},"meow",[52,130510,297],{"class":73},[52,130512,130513],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,130514,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,130516,130517,130520,130522,130524,130526,130528,130531,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541,130543,130546,130548,130551],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,130518,130519],{"class":58},"sentence ",[52,130521,63],{"class":62},[52,130523,87],{"class":73},[52,130525,2374],{"class":77},[52,130527,343],{"class":110},[52,130529,130530],{"class":77}," says ",[52,130532,343],{"class":110},[52,130534,35],{"class":77},[52,130536,81],{"class":73},[52,130538,35],{"class":66},[52,130540,130237],{"class":155},[52,130542,152],{"class":66},[52,130544,130545],{"class":155},"animal",[52,130547,193],{"class":66},[52,130549,130550],{"class":155}," sound",[52,130552,159],{"class":66},[52,130554,130555,130557,130559,130562],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,130556,149],{"class":148},[52,130558,152],{"class":66},[52,130560,130561],{"class":155},"sentence",[52,130563,159],{"class":66},[14,130565,130566],{},[18,130567,164],{},[42,130569,130571],{"className":44,"code":130570,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"The cat says meow.\n",[49,130572,130573],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130574,130575,130578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130576,130577],{"class":58},"The cat says meow",[52,130579,122546],{"class":66},[14,130581,130582],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[37,130584,130586],{"id":130585},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130588,130589,130590,130592],{},"You can use empty braces ",[49,130591,343],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[42,130594,130596],{"className":44,"code":130595,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[49,130597,130598],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130599,130600,130602,130604,130606,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130630,130632,130634,130636,130639,130641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130601,149],{"class":148},[52,130603,152],{"class":66},[52,130605,81],{"class":73},[52,130607,130608],{"class":77},"I like ",[52,130610,343],{"class":110},[52,130612,2262],{"class":77},[52,130614,343],{"class":110},[52,130616,35],{"class":77},[52,130618,81],{"class":73},[52,130620,35],{"class":66},[52,130622,130237],{"class":155},[52,130624,152],{"class":66},[52,130626,81],{"class":73},[52,130628,130629],{"class":77},"pizza",[52,130631,81],{"class":73},[52,130633,193],{"class":66},[52,130635,87],{"class":73},[52,130637,130638],{"class":77},"pasta",[52,130640,81],{"class":73},[52,130642,742],{"class":66},[14,130644,130645],{},[18,130646,164],{},[42,130648,130650],{"className":44,"code":130649,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[49,130651,130652],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130653,130654,130657,130659,130662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130655,130656],{"class":58},"I like pizza ",[52,130658,130279],{"class":62},[52,130660,130661],{"class":58}," pasta",[52,130663,122546],{"class":66},[14,130665,130666,130667,2262,130670,35],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[49,130668,130669],{},"{0}",[49,130671,130672],{},"{1}",[14,130674,130675],{},"This is helpful when:",[227,130677,130678,130681],{},[230,130679,130680],{},"you want to reuse a value",[230,130682,130683],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130685,130686],{},"Example with reused values:",[42,130688,130690],{"className":44,"code":130689,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,130691,130692,130726],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130693,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130705,130707,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130695,34832],{"class":58},[52,130697,63],{"class":62},[52,130699,87],{"class":73},[52,130701,130669],{"class":110},[52,130703,130704],{"class":77}," is learning Python. ",[52,130706,130669],{"class":110},[52,130708,130709],{"class":77}," likes coding.",[52,130711,81],{"class":73},[52,130713,35],{"class":66},[52,130715,130237],{"class":155},[52,130717,152],{"class":66},[52,130719,81],{"class":73},[52,130721,20019],{"class":77},[52,130723,81],{"class":73},[52,130725,159],{"class":66},[52,130727,130728,130730,130732,130734],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130729,149],{"class":148},[52,130731,152],{"class":66},[52,130733,34853],{"class":155},[52,130735,159],{"class":66},[14,130737,130738],{},[18,130739,164],{},[42,130741,130743],{"className":44,"code":130742,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[49,130744,130745],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130746,130747,130750,130752,130755,130757,130760,130763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130748,130749],{"class":58},"Lina ",[52,130751,12551],{"class":62},[52,130753,130754],{"class":58}," learning Python",[52,130756,35],{"class":66},[52,130758,130759],{"class":24889}," Lina",[52,130761,130762],{"class":58}," likes coding",[52,130764,122546],{"class":66},[14,130766,130767],{},"Example with changed order:",[42,130769,130771],{"className":44,"code":130770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,130772,130773,130813],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130774,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809,130811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130776,34832],{"class":58},[52,130778,63],{"class":62},[52,130780,87],{"class":73},[52,130782,130672],{"class":110},[52,130784,83485],{"class":77},[52,130786,130669],{"class":110},[52,130788,35],{"class":77},[52,130790,81],{"class":73},[52,130792,35],{"class":66},[52,130794,130237],{"class":155},[52,130796,152],{"class":66},[52,130798,81],{"class":73},[52,130800,6983],{"class":77},[52,130802,81],{"class":73},[52,130804,193],{"class":66},[52,130806,87],{"class":73},[52,130808,79430],{"class":77},[52,130810,81],{"class":73},[52,130812,159],{"class":66},[52,130814,130815,130817,130819,130821],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130816,149],{"class":148},[52,130818,152],{"class":66},[52,130820,34853],{"class":155},[52,130822,159],{"class":66},[14,130824,130825],{},[18,130826,164],{},[42,130828,130830],{"className":44,"code":130829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"two comes after one.\n",[49,130831,130832],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130833,130834,130837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130835,130836],{"class":58},"two comes after one",[52,130838,122546],{"class":66},[14,130840,130841,130842,130844],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[49,130843,343],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[37,130846,130848],{"id":130847},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130850,130851,130852,35],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[49,130853,130854],{},"{name}",[14,130856,130857,130858,84],{},"You pass matching names into ",[49,130859,126517],{},[42,130861,130863],{"className":44,"code":130862,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,130864,130865,130917],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130866,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877,130880,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130868,34832],{"class":58},[52,130870,63],{"class":62},[52,130872,87],{"class":73},[52,130874,130221],{"class":77},[52,130876,130854],{"class":110},[52,130878,130879],{"class":77}," and I live in ",[52,130881,130882],{"class":110},"{city}",[52,130884,35],{"class":77},[52,130886,81],{"class":73},[52,130888,35],{"class":66},[52,130890,130237],{"class":155},[52,130892,152],{"class":66},[52,130894,78],{"class":834},[52,130896,63],{"class":62},[52,130898,81],{"class":73},[52,130900,90],{"class":77},[52,130902,81],{"class":73},[52,130904,193],{"class":66},[52,130906,31527],{"class":834},[52,130908,63],{"class":62},[52,130910,81],{"class":73},[52,130912,1146],{"class":77},[52,130914,81],{"class":73},[52,130916,159],{"class":66},[52,130918,130919,130921,130923,130925],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,130920,149],{"class":148},[52,130922,152],{"class":66},[52,130924,34853],{"class":155},[52,130926,159],{"class":66},[14,130928,130929],{},[18,130930,164],{},[42,130932,130934],{"className":44,"code":130933,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[49,130935,130936],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130937,130938,130940,130942,130945,130947,130950,130952,130955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130939,130271],{"class":58},[52,130941,12551],{"class":62},[52,130943,130944],{"class":58}," Ana ",[52,130946,130279],{"class":62},[52,130948,130949],{"class":58}," I live ",[52,130951,4279],{"class":62},[52,130953,130954],{"class":58}," Lima",[52,130956,122546],{"class":66},[14,130958,130959],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[227,130961,130962,130965,130968],{},[230,130963,130964],{},"they make code easier to read",[230,130966,130967],{},"they help when a string has many values",[230,130969,130970],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130972,511],{},[42,130974,130976],{"className":44,"code":130975,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[49,130977,130978,131030],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,130979,130980,130983,130985,130987,130990,130993,130996,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131016,131018,131020,131023,131025,131028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130981,130982],{"class":58},"report ",[52,130984,63],{"class":62},[52,130986,87],{"class":73},[52,130988,130989],{"class":77},"Student: ",[52,130991,130992],{"class":110},"{student}",[52,130994,130995],{"class":77},", Score: ",[52,130997,130998],{"class":110},"{score}",[52,131000,81],{"class":73},[52,131002,35],{"class":66},[52,131004,130237],{"class":155},[52,131006,152],{"class":66},[52,131008,156],{"class":834},[52,131010,63],{"class":62},[52,131012,81],{"class":73},[52,131014,131015],{"class":77},"Noah",[52,131017,81],{"class":73},[52,131019,193],{"class":66},[52,131021,131022],{"class":834}," score",[52,131024,63],{"class":62},[52,131026,131027],{"class":110},"95",[52,131029,159],{"class":66},[52,131031,131032,131034,131036,131038],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131033,149],{"class":148},[52,131035,152],{"class":66},[52,131037,128227],{"class":155},[52,131039,159],{"class":66},[14,131041,131042],{},[18,131043,164],{},[42,131045,131047],{"className":44,"code":131046,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[49,131048,131049],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131050,131051,131054,131056,131059,131061,131064,131066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131052,131053],{"class":58},"Student",[52,131055,84],{"class":66},[52,131057,131058],{"class":58}," Noah",[52,131060,193],{"class":66},[52,131062,131063],{"class":58}," Score",[52,131065,84],{"class":66},[52,131067,131068],{"class":110}," 95\n",[14,131070,131071,131072,35],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[26,131073,3969,131074,3902],{"href":42326},[49,131075,47837],{},[37,131077,131079],{"id":131078},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,131081,131082,131084],{},[49,131083,126517],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,131086,131087,131088,131091],{},"A common example is ",[49,131089,131090],{},":.2f",", which means:",[227,131093,131094,131097],{},[230,131095,131096],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[230,131098,131099],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131101,511],{},[42,131103,131105],{"className":44,"code":131104,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[49,131106,131107,131115,131144],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131108,131109,131111,131113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131110,40537],{"class":58},[52,131112,63],{"class":62},[52,131114,49430],{"class":110},[52,131116,131117,131119,131121,131123,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131118,34832],{"class":58},[52,131120,63],{"class":62},[52,131122,87],{"class":73},[52,131124,131125],{"class":77},"Price: $",[52,131127,174],{"class":110},[52,131129,131090],{"class":774},[52,131131,22441],{"class":110},[52,131133,81],{"class":73},[52,131135,35],{"class":66},[52,131137,130237],{"class":155},[52,131139,152],{"class":66},[52,131141,25289],{"class":155},[52,131143,159],{"class":66},[52,131145,131146,131148,131150,131152],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,131147,149],{"class":148},[52,131149,152],{"class":66},[52,131151,34853],{"class":155},[52,131153,159],{"class":66},[14,131155,131156],{},[18,131157,164],{},[42,131159,131161],{"className":44,"code":131160,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Price: $3.50\n",[49,131162,131163],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131164,131165,131168,131170,131173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131166,131167],{"class":58},"Price",[52,131169,84],{"class":66},[52,131171,131172],{"class":37515}," $",[52,131174,131175],{"class":110},"3.50\n",[14,131177,52235],{},[42,131179,131181],{"className":44,"code":131180,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[49,131182,131183,131193],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131184,131185,131188,131190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131186,131187],{"class":58},"average ",[52,131189,63],{"class":62},[52,131191,131192],{"class":110}," 91.236\n",[52,131194,131195,131197,131199,131201,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131221],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131196,149],{"class":148},[52,131198,152],{"class":66},[52,131200,81],{"class":73},[52,131202,131203],{"class":77},"Average: ",[52,131205,174],{"class":110},[52,131207,131090],{"class":774},[52,131209,22441],{"class":110},[52,131211,81],{"class":73},[52,131213,35],{"class":66},[52,131215,130237],{"class":155},[52,131217,152],{"class":66},[52,131219,131220],{"class":155},"average",[52,131222,742],{"class":66},[14,131224,131225],{},[18,131226,164],{},[42,131228,131230],{"className":44,"code":131229,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Average: 91.24\n",[49,131231,131232],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131233,131234,131237,131239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131235,131236],{"class":58},"Average",[52,131238,84],{"class":66},[52,131240,131241],{"class":110}," 91.24\n",[14,131243,131244],{},"This is useful for:",[227,131246,131247,131249,131252],{},[230,131248,83243],{},[230,131250,131251],{},"averages",[230,131253,131254],{},"percentages",[14,131256,131257,131258,35],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[26,131259,3969,131260,2700],{"href":46602},[49,131261,46605],{},[37,131263,17554],{"id":17553},[14,131265,131266,92680],{},[49,131267,126517],{},[14,131269,131270],{},"That means you can:",[227,131272,131273,131276,131279],{},[230,131274,131275],{},"save it in a variable",[230,131277,131278],{},"print it directly",[230,131280,131281],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131283,511],{},[42,131285,131287],{"className":44,"code":131286,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[49,131288,131289,131320,131330],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131290,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131316,131318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131292,90166],{"class":58},[52,131294,63],{"class":62},[52,131296,87],{"class":73},[52,131298,45054],{"class":77},[52,131300,343],{"class":110},[52,131302,90007],{"class":77},[52,131304,81],{"class":73},[52,131306,35],{"class":66},[52,131308,130237],{"class":155},[52,131310,152],{"class":66},[52,131312,81],{"class":73},[52,131314,131315],{"class":77},"Chris",[52,131317,81],{"class":73},[52,131319,159],{"class":66},[52,131321,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131323,149],{"class":148},[52,131325,152],{"class":66},[52,131327,90183],{"class":155},[52,131329,159],{"class":66},[52,131331,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,131333,149],{"class":148},[52,131335,152],{"class":66},[52,131337,734],{"class":646},[52,131339,152],{"class":66},[52,131341,90183],{"class":155},[52,131343,742],{"class":66},[14,131345,131346],{},[18,131347,164],{},[42,131349,131351],{"className":44,"code":131350,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[49,131352,131353,131362],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131354,131355,131357,131359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131356,35012],{"class":58},[52,131358,193],{"class":66},[52,131360,131361],{"class":58}," Chris!\n",[52,131363,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131365,771],{"class":62},[52,131367,775],{"class":774},[52,131369,186],{"class":73},[52,131371,3836],{"class":77},[52,131373,177],{"class":73},[52,131375,785],{"class":62},[14,131377,131378],{},"The original string is not changed.",[37,131380,131382,131384],{"id":131381},"format-vs-f-strings",[49,131383,126517],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131386,131387,131389],{},[49,131388,126517],{}," is a string method.",[14,131391,131392],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131394,46193,131395,84],{},[49,131396,126517],{},[42,131398,131400],{"className":44,"code":131399,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[49,131401,131402,131415],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131405,8271],{"class":58},[52,131407,63],{"class":62},[52,131409,87],{"class":73},[52,131411,131412],{"class":77},"Rita",[52,131414,297],{"class":73},[52,131416,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131418,149],{"class":148},[52,131420,152],{"class":66},[52,131422,81],{"class":73},[52,131424,45054],{"class":77},[52,131426,343],{"class":110},[52,131428,90007],{"class":77},[52,131430,81],{"class":73},[52,131432,35],{"class":66},[52,131434,130237],{"class":155},[52,131436,152],{"class":66},[52,131438,78],{"class":155},[52,131440,742],{"class":66},[14,131442,131443],{},"Example with an f-string:",[42,131445,131447],{"className":44,"code":131446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[49,131448,131449,131461],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131450,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131452,8271],{"class":58},[52,131454,63],{"class":62},[52,131456,87],{"class":73},[52,131458,131412],{"class":77},[52,131460,297],{"class":73},[52,131462,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131480],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131464,149],{"class":148},[52,131466,152],{"class":66},[52,131468,22432],{"class":774},[52,131470,43498],{"class":77},[52,131472,174],{"class":110},[52,131474,78],{"class":155},[52,131476,22441],{"class":110},[52,131478,131479],{"class":77},"!\"",[52,131481,159],{"class":66},[14,131483,131484],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131486,131487,131488,131490,131491,35],{},"This page focuses on how ",[49,131489,126517],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[26,131492,89852],{"href":89851},[37,131494,1743],{"id":1742},[14,131496,131497,131498,35],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[49,131499,126517],{},[487,131501,131503],{"id":131502},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131505,131506],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[42,131508,131510],{"className":44,"code":131509,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,131511,131512,131545],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131513,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541,131543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131515,34832],{"class":58},[52,131517,63],{"class":62},[52,131519,87],{"class":73},[52,131521,45054],{"class":77},[52,131523,343],{"class":110},[52,131525,131526],{"class":110}," {}",[52,131528,90007],{"class":77},[52,131530,81],{"class":73},[52,131532,35],{"class":66},[52,131534,130237],{"class":155},[52,131536,152],{"class":66},[52,131538,81],{"class":73},[52,131540,976],{"class":77},[52,131542,81],{"class":73},[52,131544,159],{"class":66},[52,131546,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131548,149],{"class":148},[52,131550,152],{"class":66},[52,131552,34853],{"class":155},[52,131554,159],{"class":66},[14,131556,131557],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131559,131560],{},"Fixed version:",[42,131562,131564],{"className":44,"code":131563,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,131565,131566,131607],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131567,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131603,131605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131569,34832],{"class":58},[52,131571,63],{"class":62},[52,131573,87],{"class":73},[52,131575,45054],{"class":77},[52,131577,343],{"class":110},[52,131579,131526],{"class":110},[52,131581,90007],{"class":77},[52,131583,81],{"class":73},[52,131585,35],{"class":66},[52,131587,130237],{"class":155},[52,131589,152],{"class":66},[52,131591,81],{"class":73},[52,131593,976],{"class":77},[52,131595,81],{"class":73},[52,131597,193],{"class":66},[52,131599,87],{"class":73},[52,131601,131602],{"class":77},"Lee",[52,131604,81],{"class":73},[52,131606,159],{"class":66},[52,131608,131609,131611,131613,131615],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131610,149],{"class":148},[52,131612,152],{"class":66},[52,131614,34853],{"class":155},[52,131616,159],{"class":66},[487,131618,131620],{"id":131619},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131622,131623,131624,35],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[49,131625,126517],{},[14,131627,131628],{},"Problem:",[42,131630,131632],{"className":44,"code":131631,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,131633,131634,131668],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131635,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652,131654,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131637,34832],{"class":58},[52,131639,63],{"class":62},[52,131641,87],{"class":73},[52,131643,45054],{"class":77},[52,131645,130854],{"class":110},[52,131647,90007],{"class":77},[52,131649,81],{"class":73},[52,131651,35],{"class":66},[52,131653,130237],{"class":155},[52,131655,152],{"class":66},[52,131657,1645],{"class":834},[52,131659,63],{"class":62},[52,131661,81],{"class":73},[52,131663,976],{"class":77},[52,131665,81],{"class":73},[52,131667,159],{"class":66},[52,131669,131670,131672,131674,131676],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131671,149],{"class":148},[52,131673,152],{"class":66},[52,131675,34853],{"class":155},[52,131677,159],{"class":66},[14,131679,131560],{},[42,131681,131683],{"className":44,"code":131682,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,131684,131685,131719],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131688,34832],{"class":58},[52,131690,63],{"class":62},[52,131692,87],{"class":73},[52,131694,45054],{"class":77},[52,131696,130854],{"class":110},[52,131698,90007],{"class":77},[52,131700,81],{"class":73},[52,131702,35],{"class":66},[52,131704,130237],{"class":155},[52,131706,152],{"class":66},[52,131708,78],{"class":834},[52,131710,63],{"class":62},[52,131712,81],{"class":73},[52,131714,976],{"class":77},[52,131716,81],{"class":73},[52,131718,159],{"class":66},[52,131720,131721,131723,131725,131727],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131722,149],{"class":148},[52,131724,152],{"class":66},[52,131726,34853],{"class":155},[52,131728,159],{"class":66},[487,131730,8849,131732,131734],{"id":131731},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[49,131733,126517],{}," to change the original string",[14,131736,131737,131739],{},[49,131738,126517],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131741,131628],{},[42,131743,131745],{"className":44,"code":131744,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,131746,131747,131761,131779],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131748,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131750,34832],{"class":58},[52,131752,63],{"class":62},[52,131754,87],{"class":73},[52,131756,45054],{"class":77},[52,131758,343],{"class":110},[52,131760,297],{"class":73},[52,131762,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131764,34853],{"class":58},[52,131766,35],{"class":66},[52,131768,130237],{"class":155},[52,131770,152],{"class":66},[52,131772,81],{"class":73},[52,131774,976],{"class":77},[52,131776,81],{"class":73},[52,131778,159],{"class":66},[52,131780,131781,131783,131785,131787],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,131782,149],{"class":148},[52,131784,152],{"class":66},[52,131786,34853],{"class":155},[52,131788,159],{"class":66},[14,131790,131791],{},[18,131792,164],{},[42,131794,131796],{"className":44,"code":131795,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello, {}\n",[49,131797,131798],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131799,131800,131802,131804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131801,35012],{"class":58},[52,131803,193],{"class":66},[52,131805,621],{"class":66},[14,131807,131560],{},[42,131809,131811],{"className":44,"code":131810,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,131812,131813,131827,131849],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131814,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131816,34832],{"class":58},[52,131818,63],{"class":62},[52,131820,87],{"class":73},[52,131822,45054],{"class":77},[52,131824,343],{"class":110},[52,131826,297],{"class":73},[52,131828,131829,131831,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131830,34832],{"class":58},[52,131832,63],{"class":62},[52,131834,42993],{"class":58},[52,131836,35],{"class":66},[52,131838,130237],{"class":155},[52,131840,152],{"class":66},[52,131842,81],{"class":73},[52,131844,976],{"class":77},[52,131846,81],{"class":73},[52,131848,159],{"class":66},[52,131850,131851,131853,131855,131857],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,131852,149],{"class":148},[52,131854,152],{"class":66},[52,131856,34853],{"class":155},[52,131858,159],{"class":66},[487,131860,5100,131862,131864],{"id":131861},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[49,131863,126517],{}," returns a new string",[14,131866,131867],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[487,131869,131871],{"id":131870},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131873,131874],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131876,131877,131878,131880],{},"Use simple ",[49,131879,343],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131882,131883,131884,35],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[26,131885,90565],{"href":90564},[37,131887,68054],{"id":68053},[14,131889,131890],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[42,131892,131894],{"className":44,"code":131893,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[49,131895,131896,131906,131920,131949],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,131897,131898,131900,131902,131904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131899,149],{"class":148},[52,131901,152],{"class":66},[52,131903,34853],{"class":155},[52,131905,159],{"class":66},[52,131907,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,131909,149],{"class":148},[52,131911,152],{"class":66},[52,131913,734],{"class":646},[52,131915,152],{"class":66},[52,131917,263],{"class":155},[52,131919,742],{"class":66},[52,131921,131922,131924,131926,131928,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,131923,149],{"class":148},[52,131925,152],{"class":66},[52,131927,81],{"class":73},[52,131929,131930],{"class":77},"Hello ",[52,131932,343],{"class":110},[52,131934,81],{"class":73},[52,131936,35],{"class":66},[52,131938,130237],{"class":155},[52,131940,152],{"class":66},[52,131942,81],{"class":73},[52,131944,976],{"class":77},[52,131946,81],{"class":73},[52,131948,742],{"class":66},[52,131950,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,131952,32295],{"class":148},[52,131954,152],{"class":66},[52,131956,3836],{"class":646},[52,131958,35],{"class":66},[52,131960,130237],{"class":24889},[52,131962,159],{"class":66},[14,131964,131965],{},"Use them to check:",[227,131967,131968,131971,131974,131977],{},[230,131969,131970],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[230,131972,131973],{},"what type your value has",[230,131975,131976],{},"whether a small test example works",[230,131978,131979,131980],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[49,131981,131982],{},"str.format",[37,131984,2220],{"id":2219},[487,131986,130018,131988,13073],{"id":131987},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[49,131989,126517],{},[14,131991,131992],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[487,131994,131996],{"id":131995},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131998,131999,132000,132002],{},"No. You can use plain ",[49,132001,343],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[487,132004,132006,132007,2265],{"id":132005},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[49,132008,126517],{},[14,132010,132011,132012,132015],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[49,132013,132014],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[487,132017,15257,132019,132021],{"id":132018},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[49,132020,126517],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,132023,132024,132025,132027],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[49,132026,126517],{}," is still useful and common.",[37,132029,2277],{"id":2276},[227,132031,132032,132036,132040,132046,132052],{},[230,132033,132034],{},[26,132035,125269],{"href":51130},[230,132037,132038],{},[26,132039,90842],{"href":89851},[230,132041,132042],{},[26,132043,3969,132044,3902],{"href":46602},[49,132045,46605],{},[230,132047,132048],{},[26,132049,3969,132050,3902],{"href":42326},[49,132051,47837],{},[230,132053,132054],{},[26,132055,90565],{"href":90564},[2315,132057,132058],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":132060},[132061,132062,132064,132065,132066,132067,132068,132069,132071,132080,132081,132090],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":130304,"depth":70,"text":132063},"What the format() method does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":130585,"depth":70,"text":130586},{"id":130847,"depth":70,"text":130848},{"id":131078,"depth":70,"text":131079},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":131381,"depth":70,"text":132070},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":132072},[132073,132074,132075,132077,132079],{"id":131502,"depth":98,"text":131503},{"id":131619,"depth":98,"text":131620},{"id":131731,"depth":98,"text":132076},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131861,"depth":98,"text":132078},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131870,"depth":98,"text":131871},{"id":68053,"depth":70,"text":68054},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":132082},[132083,132085,132086,132088],{"id":131987,"depth":98,"text":132084},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131995,"depth":98,"text":131996},{"id":132005,"depth":98,"text":132087},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132018,"depth":98,"text":132089},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130164,"description":132091},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132098,"title":132099,"body":132100,"description":133580,"extension":2357,"meta":133581,"navigation":141,"path":133582,"seo":133583,"stem":133584,"__hash__":133585},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132101,"toc":133552},[132102,132107,132112,132117,132119,132181,132188,132194,132199,132201,132217,132219,132290,132292,132306,132309,132359,132361,132363,132390,132393,132408,132411,132452,132455,132500,132507,132556,132558,132566,132568,132586,132588,132681,132689,132730,132735,132742,132748,132755,132758,132762,132863,132865,132887,132891,132944,132947,132950,132956,132963,132965,133004,133006,133024,133034,133041,133124,133127,133134,133141,133148,133152,133160,133206,133210,133219,133284,133289,133294,133305,133307,133312,133339,133341,133444,133447,133467,133469,133474,133477,133481,133485,133492,133501,133507,133510,133516,133518,133520,133549],[10,132103,123514,132105,11684],{"id":132104},"python-string-index-method",[49,132106,59125],{},[14,132108,123519,132109,132111],{},[49,132110,59125],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132113,132114,132115,35],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[49,132116,40854],{},[37,132118,40],{"id":39},[42,132120,132122],{"className":44,"code":132121,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[49,132123,132124,132136,132158,132168,132172,132176],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132125,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132127,34832],{"class":58},[52,132129,63],{"class":62},[52,132131,87],{"class":73},[52,132133,60564],{"class":77},[52,132135,297],{"class":73},[52,132137,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132139,65078],{"class":58},[52,132141,63],{"class":62},[52,132143,42993],{"class":58},[52,132145,35],{"class":66},[52,132147,35992],{"class":155},[52,132149,152],{"class":66},[52,132151,81],{"class":73},[52,132153,60749],{"class":77},[52,132155,81],{"class":73},[52,132157,159],{"class":66},[52,132159,132160,132162,132164,132166],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,132161,149],{"class":148},[52,132163,152],{"class":66},[52,132165,65105],{"class":155},[52,132167,159],{"class":66},[52,132169,132170],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,132171,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,132173,132174],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,132175,90983],{"class":1017},[52,132177,132178],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,132179,132180],{"class":1017},"# 6\n",[14,132182,340,132183,132185,132186,35],{},[49,132184,59125],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[49,132187,40854],{},[37,132189,4073,132191,4076],{"id":132190},"what-strindex-does",[49,132192,132193],{},"str.index()",[14,132195,132196,132198],{},[49,132197,132193],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132200,13407],{},[227,132202,132203,132206,132209,132212],{},[230,132204,132205],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[230,132207,132208],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[230,132210,132211],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[230,132213,30435,132214,132216],{},[49,132215,40854],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132218,511],{},[42,132220,132222],{"className":44,"code":132221,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[49,132223,132224,132236,132240,132265],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132225,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132227,34832],{"class":58},[52,132229,63],{"class":62},[52,132231,87],{"class":73},[52,132233,4483],{"class":77},[52,132235,297],{"class":73},[52,132237,132238],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132239,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,132241,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,132243,149],{"class":148},[52,132245,152],{"class":66},[52,132247,34853],{"class":155},[52,132249,35],{"class":66},[52,132251,35992],{"class":155},[52,132253,152],{"class":66},[52,132255,81],{"class":73},[52,132257,26],{"class":77},[52,132259,81],{"class":73},[52,132261,5758],{"class":66},[52,132263,132264],{"class":1017},"     # 1\n",[52,132266,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,132268,149],{"class":148},[52,132270,152],{"class":66},[52,132272,34853],{"class":155},[52,132274,35],{"class":66},[52,132276,35992],{"class":155},[52,132278,152],{"class":66},[52,132280,81],{"class":73},[52,132282,123607],{"class":77},[52,132284,81],{"class":73},[52,132286,5758],{"class":66},[52,132288,132289],{"class":1017},"    # 2\n",[14,132291,2575],{},[227,132293,132294,132300],{},[230,132295,132296,128727,132298],{},[49,132297,18232],{},[49,132299,1565],{},[230,132301,132302,128727,132304],{},[49,132303,128726],{},[49,132305,2451],{},[14,132307,132308],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[42,132310,132312],{"className":44,"code":132311,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[49,132313,132314,132326,132330,132354],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132315,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132317,34832],{"class":58},[52,132319,63],{"class":62},[52,132321,87],{"class":73},[52,132323,35012],{"class":77},[52,132325,297],{"class":73},[52,132327,132328],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132329,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,132331,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350,132352],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,132333,149],{"class":148},[52,132335,152],{"class":66},[52,132337,34853],{"class":155},[52,132339,35],{"class":66},[52,132341,35992],{"class":155},[52,132343,152],{"class":66},[52,132345,81],{"class":73},[52,132347,51346],{"class":77},[52,132349,81],{"class":73},[52,132351,5758],{"class":66},[52,132353,20905],{"class":1017},[52,132355,132356],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,132357,132358],{"class":1017},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[37,132360,2553],{"id":2552},[14,132362,2556],{},[42,132364,132366],{"className":44,"code":132365,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[49,132367,132368],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132369,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132371,61332],{"class":58},[52,132373,35],{"class":66},[52,132375,35992],{"class":155},[52,132377,152],{"class":66},[52,132379,263],{"class":155},[52,132381,193],{"class":66},[52,132383,36198],{"class":155},[52,132385,193],{"class":66},[52,132387,65199],{"class":155},[52,132389,159],{"class":66},[14,132391,132392],{},"Parameters:",[227,132394,132395,132399,132403],{},[230,132396,132397,123706],{},[49,132398,263],{},[230,132400,132401,128773],{},[49,132402,36219],{},[230,132404,132405,132407],{},[49,132406,52816],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132409,132410],{},"You can use just the value:",[42,132412,132414],{"className":44,"code":132413,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[49,132415,132416,132428],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132417,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132419,34832],{"class":58},[52,132421,63],{"class":62},[52,132423,87],{"class":73},[52,132425,46],{"class":77},[52,132427,297],{"class":73},[52,132429,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132431,149],{"class":148},[52,132433,152],{"class":66},[52,132435,34853],{"class":155},[52,132437,35],{"class":66},[52,132439,35992],{"class":155},[52,132441,152],{"class":66},[52,132443,81],{"class":73},[52,132445,63445],{"class":77},[52,132447,81],{"class":73},[52,132449,5758],{"class":66},[52,132451,51570],{"class":1017},[14,132453,132454],{},"Or include a start position:",[42,132456,132458],{"className":44,"code":132457,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[49,132459,132460,132472],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132461,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132463,34832],{"class":58},[52,132465,63],{"class":62},[52,132467,87],{"class":73},[52,132469,4483],{"class":77},[52,132471,297],{"class":73},[52,132473,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132475,149],{"class":148},[52,132477,152],{"class":66},[52,132479,34853],{"class":155},[52,132481,35],{"class":66},[52,132483,35992],{"class":155},[52,132485,152],{"class":66},[52,132487,81],{"class":73},[52,132489,26],{"class":77},[52,132491,81],{"class":73},[52,132493,193],{"class":66},[52,132495,1570],{"class":110},[52,132497,5758],{"class":66},[52,132499,50925],{"class":1017},[14,132501,132502,132503,2262,132505,84],{},"Or include both ",[49,132504,36219],{},[49,132506,52816],{},[42,132508,132510],{"className":44,"code":132509,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[49,132511,132512,132524],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132513,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132515,34832],{"class":58},[52,132517,63],{"class":62},[52,132519,87],{"class":73},[52,132521,4483],{"class":77},[52,132523,297],{"class":73},[52,132525,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132527,149],{"class":148},[52,132529,152],{"class":66},[52,132531,34853],{"class":155},[52,132533,35],{"class":66},[52,132535,35992],{"class":155},[52,132537,152],{"class":66},[52,132539,81],{"class":73},[52,132541,26],{"class":77},[52,132543,81],{"class":73},[52,132545,193],{"class":66},[52,132547,1570],{"class":110},[52,132549,193],{"class":66},[52,132551,5002],{"class":110},[52,132553,5758],{"class":66},[52,132555,50925],{"class":1017},[37,132557,38169],{"id":38168},[14,132559,28849,132560,132562,132563,35],{},[49,132561,59125],{}," is a ",[18,132564,132565],{},"zero-based index",[14,132567,2501],{},[227,132569,132570,132576,132581],{},[230,132571,132572,132573,132575],{},"Index ",[49,132574,2514],{}," is the first character",[230,132577,132572,132578,132580],{},[49,132579,1565],{}," is the second character",[230,132582,132572,132583,132585],{},[49,132584,2451],{}," is the third character",[14,132587,511],{},[42,132589,132591],{"className":44,"code":132590,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[49,132592,132593,132605,132609,132633,132657],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132594,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132596,34832],{"class":58},[52,132598,63],{"class":62},[52,132600,87],{"class":73},[52,132602,37195],{"class":77},[52,132604,297],{"class":73},[52,132606,132607],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132608,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,132610,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,132612,149],{"class":148},[52,132614,152],{"class":66},[52,132616,34853],{"class":155},[52,132618,35],{"class":66},[52,132620,35992],{"class":155},[52,132622,152],{"class":66},[52,132624,81],{"class":73},[52,132626,10111],{"class":77},[52,132628,81],{"class":73},[52,132630,5758],{"class":66},[52,132632,51402],{"class":1017},[52,132634,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,132636,149],{"class":148},[52,132638,152],{"class":66},[52,132640,34853],{"class":155},[52,132642,35],{"class":66},[52,132644,35992],{"class":155},[52,132646,152],{"class":66},[52,132648,81],{"class":73},[52,132650,26],{"class":77},[52,132652,81],{"class":73},[52,132654,5758],{"class":66},[52,132656,27920],{"class":1017},[52,132658,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,132660,149],{"class":148},[52,132662,152],{"class":66},[52,132664,34853],{"class":155},[52,132666,35],{"class":66},[52,132668,35992],{"class":155},[52,132670,152],{"class":66},[52,132672,81],{"class":73},[52,132674,63445],{"class":77},[52,132676,81],{"class":73},[52,132678,5758],{"class":66},[52,132680,51570],{"class":1017},[14,132682,132683,132685,132686,132688],{},[49,132684,59125],{}," returns only the ",[18,132687,30050],{}," matching position.",[42,132690,132692],{"className":44,"code":132691,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[49,132693,132694,132706],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132695,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132697,34832],{"class":58},[52,132699,63],{"class":62},[52,132701,87],{"class":73},[52,132703,4483],{"class":77},[52,132705,297],{"class":73},[52,132707,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132709,149],{"class":148},[52,132711,152],{"class":66},[52,132713,34853],{"class":155},[52,132715,35],{"class":66},[52,132717,35992],{"class":155},[52,132719,152],{"class":66},[52,132721,81],{"class":73},[52,132723,26],{"class":77},[52,132725,81],{"class":73},[52,132727,5758],{"class":66},[52,132729,27920],{"class":1017},[14,132731,21115,132732,132734],{},[49,132733,18232],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132736,132737,132738,35],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[26,132739,132740,2292],{"href":124964},[49,132741,58747],{},[37,132743,8813,132744,2262,132746],{"id":65565},[49,132745,36219],{},[49,132747,52816],{},[14,132749,2374,132750,2262,132752,132754],{},[49,132751,36219],{},[49,132753,52816],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132756,132757],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132759,46193,132760,84],{},[49,132761,36219],{},[42,132763,132765],{"className":44,"code":132764,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[49,132766,132767,132779,132783,132807,132835],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132768,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132770,34832],{"class":58},[52,132772,63],{"class":62},[52,132774,87],{"class":73},[52,132776,4483],{"class":77},[52,132778,297],{"class":73},[52,132780,132781],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132782,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,132784,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,132786,149],{"class":148},[52,132788,152],{"class":66},[52,132790,34853],{"class":155},[52,132792,35],{"class":66},[52,132794,35992],{"class":155},[52,132796,152],{"class":66},[52,132798,81],{"class":73},[52,132800,26],{"class":77},[52,132802,81],{"class":73},[52,132804,5758],{"class":66},[52,132806,51275],{"class":1017},[52,132808,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,132810,149],{"class":148},[52,132812,152],{"class":66},[52,132814,34853],{"class":155},[52,132816,35],{"class":66},[52,132818,35992],{"class":155},[52,132820,152],{"class":66},[52,132822,81],{"class":73},[52,132824,26],{"class":77},[52,132826,81],{"class":73},[52,132828,193],{"class":66},[52,132830,1570],{"class":110},[52,132832,5758],{"class":66},[52,132834,51124],{"class":1017},[52,132836,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,132838,149],{"class":148},[52,132840,152],{"class":66},[52,132842,34853],{"class":155},[52,132844,35],{"class":66},[52,132846,35992],{"class":155},[52,132848,152],{"class":66},[52,132850,81],{"class":73},[52,132852,26],{"class":77},[52,132854,81],{"class":73},[52,132856,193],{"class":66},[52,132858,2856],{"class":110},[52,132860,5758],{"class":66},[52,132862,50908],{"class":1017},[14,132864,20094],{},[227,132866,132867,132874,132880],{},[230,132868,132869,132870,65755,132872],{},"The first search finds the first ",[49,132871,18232],{},[49,132873,1565],{},[230,132875,132876,132877,132879],{},"Starting at index ",[49,132878,2451],{}," skips that first match",[230,132881,132876,132882,132884,132885],{},[49,132883,2903],{}," finds the last ",[49,132886,18232],{},[14,132888,46193,132889,84],{},[49,132890,52816],{},[42,132892,132894],{"className":44,"code":132893,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[49,132895,132896,132908,132912],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132897,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132899,34832],{"class":58},[52,132901,63],{"class":62},[52,132903,87],{"class":73},[52,132905,4483],{"class":77},[52,132907,297],{"class":73},[52,132909,132910],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132911,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,132913,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,132915,149],{"class":148},[52,132917,152],{"class":66},[52,132919,34853],{"class":155},[52,132921,35],{"class":66},[52,132923,35992],{"class":155},[52,132925,152],{"class":66},[52,132927,81],{"class":73},[52,132929,76189],{"class":77},[52,132931,81],{"class":73},[52,132933,193],{"class":66},[52,132935,4229],{"class":110},[52,132937,193],{"class":66},[52,132939,2856],{"class":110},[52,132941,5758],{"class":66},[52,132943,51570],{"class":1017},[14,132945,132946],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132948,132949],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[37,132951,44365,132953,132955],{"id":132952},"when-index-causes-an-error",[49,132954,59125],{}," causes an error",[14,132957,132958,132959,52650,132961,35],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[49,132960,59125],{},[49,132962,40854],{},[14,132964,511],{},[42,132966,132968],{"className":44,"code":132967,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[49,132969,132970,132982],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,132971,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132973,34832],{"class":58},[52,132975,63],{"class":62},[52,132977,87],{"class":73},[52,132979,4241],{"class":77},[52,132981,297],{"class":73},[52,132983,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,132985,149],{"class":148},[52,132987,152],{"class":66},[52,132989,34853],{"class":155},[52,132991,35],{"class":66},[52,132993,35992],{"class":155},[52,132995,152],{"class":66},[52,132997,81],{"class":73},[52,132999,22215],{"class":77},[52,133001,81],{"class":73},[52,133003,742],{"class":66},[14,133005,164],{},[42,133007,133009],{"className":44,"code":133008,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[49,133010,133011],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133012,133013,133015,133017,133020,133022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133014,40854],{"class":646},[52,133016,84],{"class":66},[52,133018,133019],{"class":58}," substring ",[52,133021,1006],{"class":62},[52,133023,65988],{"class":58},[14,133025,53497,133026,126480,133031,133033],{},[26,133027,133028],{"href":130158},[49,133029,133030],{},"str.find()",[49,133032,66013],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,133035,133036,133037,2262,133039,84],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[49,133038,29945],{},[49,133040,29976],{},[42,133042,133044],{"className":44,"code":133043,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[49,133045,133046,133058,133062,133068,133091,133101,133109],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133047,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133049,34832],{"class":58},[52,133051,63],{"class":62},[52,133053,87],{"class":73},[52,133055,4241],{"class":77},[52,133057,297],{"class":73},[52,133059,133060],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133061,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,133063,133064,133066],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,133065,29945],{"class":4272},[52,133067,6792],{"class":66},[52,133069,133070,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,133071,133072],{"class":58},"    position ",[52,133074,63],{"class":62},[52,133076,42993],{"class":58},[52,133078,35],{"class":66},[52,133080,35992],{"class":155},[52,133082,152],{"class":66},[52,133084,81],{"class":73},[52,133086,22215],{"class":77},[52,133088,81],{"class":73},[52,133090,159],{"class":66},[52,133092,133093,133095,133097,133099],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,133094,8463],{"class":148},[52,133096,152],{"class":66},[52,133098,65105],{"class":155},[52,133100,159],{"class":66},[52,133102,133103,133105,133107],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,133104,29976],{"class":4272},[52,133106,42077],{"class":646},[52,133108,6792],{"class":66},[52,133110,133111,133113,133115,133117,133120,133122],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,133112,8463],{"class":148},[52,133114,152],{"class":66},[52,133116,81],{"class":73},[52,133118,133119],{"class":77},"Substring not found",[52,133121,81],{"class":73},[52,133123,159],{"class":66},[14,133125,133126],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133128,42097,133129,35],{},[26,133130,25819,133132],{"href":133131},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[49,133133,129485],{},[37,133135,133137,10954,133139],{"id":133136},"index-vs-find",[49,133138,59125],{},[49,133140,124509],{},[14,133142,133143,2262,133145,133147],{},[49,133144,59125],{},[49,133146,124509],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[487,133149,133150],{"id":35992},[49,133151,59125],{},[227,133153,133154,133157],{},[230,133155,133156],{},"Returns the first match position",[230,133158,133159],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[42,133161,133163],{"className":44,"code":133162,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[49,133164,133165,133177,133201],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133166,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133168,34832],{"class":58},[52,133170,63],{"class":62},[52,133172,87],{"class":73},[52,133174,4241],{"class":77},[52,133176,297],{"class":73},[52,133178,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133180,149],{"class":148},[52,133182,152],{"class":66},[52,133184,34853],{"class":155},[52,133186,35],{"class":66},[52,133188,35992],{"class":155},[52,133190,152],{"class":66},[52,133192,81],{"class":73},[52,133194,60605],{"class":77},[52,133196,81],{"class":73},[52,133198,5758],{"class":66},[52,133200,27920],{"class":1017},[52,133202,133203],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,133204,133205],{"class":1017},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[487,133207,133208],{"id":128539},[49,133209,124509],{},[227,133211,133212,133214],{},[230,133213,133156],{},[230,133215,11786,133216,133218],{},[49,133217,66013],{}," if nothing is found",[42,133220,133222],{"className":44,"code":133221,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[49,133223,133224,133236,133260],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133225,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133227,34832],{"class":58},[52,133229,63],{"class":62},[52,133231,87],{"class":73},[52,133233,4241],{"class":77},[52,133235,297],{"class":73},[52,133237,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133239,149],{"class":148},[52,133241,152],{"class":66},[52,133243,34853],{"class":155},[52,133245,35],{"class":66},[52,133247,128539],{"class":155},[52,133249,152],{"class":66},[52,133251,81],{"class":73},[52,133253,60605],{"class":77},[52,133255,81],{"class":73},[52,133257,5758],{"class":66},[52,133259,27920],{"class":1017},[52,133261,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,133263,149],{"class":148},[52,133265,152],{"class":66},[52,133267,34853],{"class":155},[52,133269,35],{"class":66},[52,133271,128539],{"class":155},[52,133273,152],{"class":66},[52,133275,81],{"class":73},[52,133277,22215],{"class":77},[52,133279,81],{"class":73},[52,133281,5758],{"class":66},[52,133283,128895],{"class":1017},[14,133285,340,133286,133288],{},[49,133287,59125],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133290,340,133291,133293],{},[49,133292,124509],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133295,133296,133297,30,133302,35],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[26,133298,133299,133301],{"href":130158},[49,133300,133030],{}," method reference",[26,133303,127550],{"href":133304},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[37,133306,1743],{"id":1742},[14,133308,133309,133310,84],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[49,133311,59125],{},[227,133313,133314,133317,133324,133329,133334],{},[230,133315,133316],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[230,133318,8849,133319,8852,133321,133323],{},[49,133320,59125],{},[49,133322,66013],{}," when no match exists",[230,133325,8813,133326,133328],{},[49,133327,59125],{}," on a value that may not be present",[230,133330,133331,133332],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[49,133333,1565],{},[230,133335,4976,133336,133338],{},[49,133337,59125],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133340,62453],{},[42,133342,133344],{"className":44,"code":133343,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[49,133345,133346,133356,133370,133392,133414],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133347,133348,133350,133352,133354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133349,149],{"class":148},[52,133351,152],{"class":66},[52,133353,34853],{"class":155},[52,133355,159],{"class":66},[52,133357,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133359,149],{"class":148},[52,133361,152],{"class":66},[52,133363,41930],{"class":148},[52,133365,152],{"class":66},[52,133367,34853],{"class":155},[52,133369,742],{"class":66},[52,133371,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,133373,149],{"class":148},[52,133375,152],{"class":66},[52,133377,34853],{"class":155},[52,133379,35],{"class":66},[52,133381,35992],{"class":155},[52,133383,152],{"class":66},[52,133385,81],{"class":73},[52,133387,263],{"class":77},[52,133389,81],{"class":73},[52,133391,742],{"class":66},[52,133393,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,133395,149],{"class":148},[52,133397,152],{"class":66},[52,133399,34853],{"class":155},[52,133401,35],{"class":66},[52,133403,128539],{"class":155},[52,133405,152],{"class":66},[52,133407,81],{"class":73},[52,133409,263],{"class":77},[52,133411,81],{"class":73},[52,133413,742],{"class":66},[52,133415,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,133417,149],{"class":148},[52,133419,152],{"class":66},[52,133421,34853],{"class":155},[52,133423,35],{"class":66},[52,133425,35992],{"class":155},[52,133427,152],{"class":66},[52,133429,81],{"class":73},[52,133431,263],{"class":77},[52,133433,81],{"class":73},[52,133435,193],{"class":66},[52,133437,36198],{"class":155},[52,133439,193],{"class":66},[52,133441,65199],{"class":155},[52,133443,742],{"class":66},[14,133445,133446],{},"Tips:",[227,133448,133449,133454,133459,133462],{},[230,133450,340,133451,133453],{},[49,133452,126436],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[230,133455,340,133456,133458],{},[49,133457,124509],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[230,133460,133461],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[230,133463,133464,133465],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[49,133466,2514],{},[37,133468,2220],{"id":2219},[487,133470,130018,133472,13073],{"id":133471},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[49,133473,59125],{},[14,133475,133476],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[487,133478,133480],{"id":133479},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133482,77017,133483,35],{},[49,133484,40854],{},[487,133486,2259,133488,2262,133490,2265],{"id":133487},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[49,133489,59125],{},[49,133491,124509],{},[14,133493,133494,133496,133497,2795,133499,7029],{},[49,133495,59125],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[49,133498,124509],{},[49,133500,66013],{},[487,133502,5567,133504,133506],{"id":133503},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[49,133505,59125],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133508,133509],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[487,133511,133513,133514,124850],{"id":133512},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[49,133515,59125],{},[14,133517,130043],{},[37,133519,2277],{"id":2276},[227,133521,133522,133528,133532,133537,133543],{},[230,133523,133524],{},[26,133525,133526,2292],{"href":130158},[49,133527,133030],{},[230,133529,133530],{},[26,133531,124913],{"href":133304},[230,133533,133534],{},[26,133535,130119],{"href":133536},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[230,133538,133539],{},[26,133540,133541,2292],{"href":124964},[49,133542,58747],{},[230,133544,133545],{},[26,133546,30489,133547],{"href":133131},[49,133548,129485],{},[2315,133550,133551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":133553},[133554,133555,133557,133558,133559,133560,133562,133567,133568,133579],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":132190,"depth":70,"text":133556},"What str.index() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":38168,"depth":70,"text":38169},{"id":65565,"depth":70,"text":66348},{"id":132952,"depth":70,"text":133561},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133136,"depth":70,"text":133563,"children":133564},"index() vs find()",[133565,133566],{"id":35992,"depth":98,"text":59125},{"id":128539,"depth":98,"text":124509},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":133569},[133570,133572,133573,133575,133577],{"id":133471,"depth":98,"text":133571},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133479,"depth":98,"text":133480},{"id":133487,"depth":98,"text":133574},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133503,"depth":98,"text":133576},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133512,"depth":98,"text":133578},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132099,"description":133580},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133587,"title":133588,"body":133589,"description":136364,"extension":2357,"meta":136365,"navigation":141,"path":136366,"seo":136367,"stem":136368,"__hash__":136369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133590,"toc":136300},[133591,133597,133602,133605,133608,133619,133621,133690,133692,133706,133711,133716,133721,133723,133766,133768,133851,133853,133899,133905,133907,133909,133929,133931,133954,133956,134030,134032,134051,134056,134058,134062,134134,134136,134150,134154,134230,134232,134251,134255,134349,134351,134360,134367,134443,134445,134463,134467,134470,134477,134526,134528,134537,134544,134603,134605,134623,134626,134633,134692,134694,134712,134719,134776,134778,134787,134791,134796,134800,134859,134861,134879,134883,134930,134935,134938,135007,135009,135026,135033,135039,135094,135099,135102,135179,135181,135199,135205,135211,135271,135273,135292,135298,135301,135308,135361,135366,135368,135429,135438,135445,135447,135504,135509,135511,135582,135586,135641,135643,135652,135657,135663,135732,135734,135766,135772,135780,135787,135793,135858,135860,135869,135875,135956,135958,135967,135972,135986,135993,135997,136002,136030,136032,136165,136168,136205,136207,136213,136222,136227,136230,136235,136240,136246,136249,136258,136261,136263,136292,136297],[10,133592,123514,133594,11684],{"id":133593},"python-string-join-method",[49,133595,133596],{},"join()",[14,133598,123519,133599,133601],{},[49,133600,133596],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133603,133604],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133606,133607],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[227,133609,133610,133616],{},[230,133611,133612,133613,133615],{},"You call ",[49,133614,133596],{}," on the separator string",[230,133617,133618],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[37,133620,4002],{"id":4001},[42,133622,133624],{"className":44,"code":133623,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[49,133625,133626,133659,133680],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133627,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133655,133657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133629,4465],{"class":58},[52,133631,63],{"class":62},[52,133633,4017],{"class":66},[52,133635,81],{"class":73},[52,133637,408],{"class":77},[52,133639,81],{"class":73},[52,133641,193],{"class":66},[52,133643,87],{"class":73},[52,133645,12551],{"class":77},[52,133647,81],{"class":73},[52,133649,193],{"class":66},[52,133651,87],{"class":73},[52,133653,133654],{"class":77},"fun",[52,133656,81],{"class":73},[52,133658,4030],{"class":66},[52,133660,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133674,133676,133678],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133662,2626],{"class":58},[52,133664,63],{"class":62},[52,133666,87],{"class":73},[52,133668,87],{"class":73},[52,133670,35],{"class":66},[52,133672,133673],{"class":155},"join",[52,133675,152],{"class":66},[52,133677,4509],{"class":155},[52,133679,159],{"class":66},[52,133681,133682,133684,133686,133688],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,133683,149],{"class":148},[52,133685,152],{"class":66},[52,133687,2661],{"class":155},[52,133689,159],{"class":66},[14,133691,164],{},[42,133693,133695],{"className":44,"code":133694,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Python is fun\n",[49,133696,133697],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133698,133699,133701,133703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133700,3969],{"class":58},[52,133702,12551],{"class":62},[52,133704,133705],{"class":58}," fun\n",[14,133707,340,133708,133710],{},[49,133709,133596],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[37,133712,4073,133714,4076],{"id":133713},"what-join-does",[49,133715,133596],{},[14,133717,133718,133720],{},[49,133719,133596],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133722,11820],{},[227,133724,133725,133732,133760,133763],{},[230,133726,133727,133728,133731],{},"It uses the string before ",[49,133729,133730],{},".join()"," as the separator",[230,133733,133734,133735],{},"Common separators are:\n",[227,133736,133737,133743,133749,133755],{},[230,133738,133739,133742],{},[49,133740,133741],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[230,133744,133745,133748],{},[49,133746,133747],{},"\", \""," for commas",[230,133750,133751,133754],{},[49,133752,133753],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[230,133756,133757,133759],{},[49,133758,6671],{}," for no separator",[230,133761,133762],{},"It returns a new string",[230,133764,133765],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133767,511],{},[42,133769,133771],{"className":44,"code":133770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[49,133772,133773,133805,133827,133831,133841],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133776,4465],{"class":58},[52,133778,63],{"class":62},[52,133780,4017],{"class":66},[52,133782,81],{"class":73},[52,133784,13448],{"class":77},[52,133786,81],{"class":73},[52,133788,193],{"class":66},[52,133790,87],{"class":73},[52,133792,17591],{"class":77},[52,133794,81],{"class":73},[52,133796,193],{"class":66},[52,133798,87],{"class":73},[52,133800,13465],{"class":77},[52,133802,81],{"class":73},[52,133804,4030],{"class":66},[52,133806,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133808,2626],{"class":58},[52,133810,63],{"class":62},[52,133812,87],{"class":73},[52,133814,2203],{"class":77},[52,133816,81],{"class":73},[52,133818,35],{"class":66},[52,133820,133673],{"class":155},[52,133822,152],{"class":66},[52,133824,4509],{"class":155},[52,133826,159],{"class":66},[52,133828,133829],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,133830,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,133832,133833,133835,133837,133839],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,133834,149],{"class":148},[52,133836,152],{"class":66},[52,133838,2661],{"class":155},[52,133840,159],{"class":66},[52,133842,133843,133845,133847,133849],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,133844,149],{"class":148},[52,133846,152],{"class":66},[52,133848,4509],{"class":155},[52,133850,159],{"class":66},[14,133852,164],{},[42,133854,133856],{"className":44,"code":133855,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[49,133857,133858,133871],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133859,133860,133862,133864,133867,133869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133861,13448],{"class":58},[52,133863,193],{"class":66},[52,133865,133866],{"class":58}," green",[52,133868,193],{"class":66},[52,133870,36027],{"class":58},[52,133872,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133874,1709],{"class":66},[52,133876,177],{"class":73},[52,133878,13448],{"class":77},[52,133880,177],{"class":73},[52,133882,193],{"class":66},[52,133884,186],{"class":73},[52,133886,17591],{"class":77},[52,133888,177],{"class":73},[52,133890,193],{"class":66},[52,133892,186],{"class":73},[52,133894,13465],{"class":77},[52,133896,177],{"class":73},[52,133898,4030],{"class":66},[14,133900,133901,133902,133904],{},"The list stays the same. ",[49,133903,133596],{}," creates a new string.",[37,133906,2553],{"id":2552},[14,133908,7615],{},[42,133910,133912],{"className":44,"code":133911,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[49,133913,133914],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133915,133916,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133917,133918],{"class":58},"separator",[52,133920,35],{"class":66},[52,133922,133673],{"class":155},[52,133924,152],{"class":66},[52,133926,4117],{"class":155},[52,133928,159],{"class":66},[487,133930,49164],{"id":49163},[227,133932,133933,133946,133951],{},[230,133934,133935,133937,133938,2203,133940,2203,133942,2589,133944],{},[49,133936,133918],{}," is a string such as ",[49,133939,133741],{},[49,133941,133747],{},[49,133943,133753],{},[49,133945,6671],{},[230,133947,133948,133950],{},[49,133949,4117],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[230,133952,133953],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133955,511],{},[42,133957,133959],{"className":44,"code":133958,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,133960,133961,133993,134016,134020],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,133962,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133964,5392],{"class":58},[52,133966,63],{"class":62},[52,133968,4017],{"class":66},[52,133970,81],{"class":73},[52,133972,90],{"class":77},[52,133974,81],{"class":73},[52,133976,193],{"class":66},[52,133978,87],{"class":73},[52,133980,36087],{"class":77},[52,133982,81],{"class":73},[52,133984,193],{"class":66},[52,133986,87],{"class":73},[52,133988,36096],{"class":77},[52,133990,81],{"class":73},[52,133992,4030],{"class":66},[52,133994,133995,133997,133999,134001,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,133996,2626],{"class":58},[52,133998,63],{"class":62},[52,134000,87],{"class":73},[52,134002,134003],{"class":77}," | ",[52,134005,81],{"class":73},[52,134007,35],{"class":66},[52,134009,133673],{"class":155},[52,134011,152],{"class":66},[52,134013,5436],{"class":155},[52,134015,159],{"class":66},[52,134017,134018],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,134019,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,134021,134022,134024,134026,134028],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,134023,149],{"class":148},[52,134025,152],{"class":66},[52,134027,2661],{"class":155},[52,134029,159],{"class":66},[14,134031,164],{},[42,134033,134035],{"className":44,"code":134034,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[49,134036,134037],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134038,134039,134042,134044,134047,134049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134040,134041],{"class":58},"Ana ",[52,134043,114021],{"class":62},[52,134045,134046],{"class":58}," Ben ",[52,134048,114021],{"class":62},[52,134050,36168],{"class":58},[14,134052,134053,134054,35],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[26,134055,125269],{"href":51130},[37,134057,122045],{"id":122044},[487,134059,134061],{"id":134060},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[42,134063,134065],{"className":44,"code":134064,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,134066,134067,134100,134120,134124],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134068,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134096,134098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134070,4465],{"class":58},[52,134072,63],{"class":62},[52,134074,4017],{"class":66},[52,134076,81],{"class":73},[52,134078,408],{"class":77},[52,134080,81],{"class":73},[52,134082,193],{"class":66},[52,134084,87],{"class":73},[52,134086,12551],{"class":77},[52,134088,81],{"class":73},[52,134090,193],{"class":66},[52,134092,87],{"class":73},[52,134094,134095],{"class":77},"easy",[52,134097,81],{"class":73},[52,134099,4030],{"class":66},[52,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134103,2626],{"class":58},[52,134105,63],{"class":62},[52,134107,87],{"class":73},[52,134109,87],{"class":73},[52,134111,35],{"class":66},[52,134113,133673],{"class":155},[52,134115,152],{"class":66},[52,134117,4509],{"class":155},[52,134119,159],{"class":66},[52,134121,134122],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,134123,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,134125,134126,134128,134130,134132],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,134127,149],{"class":148},[52,134129,152],{"class":66},[52,134131,2661],{"class":155},[52,134133,159],{"class":66},[14,134135,164],{},[42,134137,134139],{"className":44,"code":134138,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Python is easy\n",[49,134140,134141],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134142,134143,134145,134147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134144,3969],{"class":58},[52,134146,12551],{"class":62},[52,134148,134149],{"class":58}," easy\n",[487,134151,134153],{"id":134152},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[42,134155,134157],{"className":44,"code":134156,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,134158,134159,134194,134216,134220],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134160,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134172,134174,134176,134178,134181,134183,134185,134187,134190,134192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134162,8175],{"class":58},[52,134164,63],{"class":62},[52,134166,4017],{"class":66},[52,134168,81],{"class":73},[52,134170,134171],{"class":77},"apples",[52,134173,81],{"class":73},[52,134175,193],{"class":66},[52,134177,87],{"class":73},[52,134179,134180],{"class":77},"bananas",[52,134182,81],{"class":73},[52,134184,193],{"class":66},[52,134186,87],{"class":73},[52,134188,134189],{"class":77},"oranges",[52,134191,81],{"class":73},[52,134193,4030],{"class":66},[52,134195,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134197,2626],{"class":58},[52,134199,63],{"class":62},[52,134201,87],{"class":73},[52,134203,2203],{"class":77},[52,134205,81],{"class":73},[52,134207,35],{"class":66},[52,134209,133673],{"class":155},[52,134211,152],{"class":66},[52,134213,8204],{"class":155},[52,134215,159],{"class":66},[52,134217,134218],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,134219,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,134221,134222,134224,134226,134228],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,134223,149],{"class":148},[52,134225,152],{"class":66},[52,134227,2661],{"class":155},[52,134229,159],{"class":66},[14,134231,164],{},[42,134233,134235],{"className":44,"code":134234,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[49,134236,134237],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134238,134239,134241,134243,134246,134248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134240,134171],{"class":58},[52,134242,193],{"class":66},[52,134244,134245],{"class":58}," bananas",[52,134247,193],{"class":66},[52,134249,134250],{"class":58}," oranges\n",[487,134252,134254],{"id":134253},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[42,134256,134258],{"className":44,"code":134257,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,134259,134260,134317,134335,134339],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134261,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134263,36237],{"class":58},[52,134265,63],{"class":62},[52,134267,4017],{"class":66},[52,134269,81],{"class":73},[52,134271,134272],{"class":77},"P",[52,134274,81],{"class":73},[52,134276,193],{"class":66},[52,134278,87],{"class":73},[52,134280,12102],{"class":77},[52,134282,81],{"class":73},[52,134284,193],{"class":66},[52,134286,87],{"class":73},[52,134288,63445],{"class":77},[52,134290,81],{"class":73},[52,134292,193],{"class":66},[52,134294,87],{"class":73},[52,134296,60596],{"class":77},[52,134298,81],{"class":73},[52,134300,193],{"class":66},[52,134302,87],{"class":73},[52,134304,60631],{"class":77},[52,134306,81],{"class":73},[52,134308,193],{"class":66},[52,134310,87],{"class":73},[52,134312,76189],{"class":77},[52,134314,81],{"class":73},[52,134316,4030],{"class":66},[52,134318,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134320,2626],{"class":58},[52,134322,63],{"class":62},[52,134324,6525],{"class":73},[52,134326,35],{"class":66},[52,134328,133673],{"class":155},[52,134330,152],{"class":66},[52,134332,36290],{"class":155},[52,134334,159],{"class":66},[52,134336,134337],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,134338,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,134340,134341,134343,134345,134347],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,134342,149],{"class":148},[52,134344,152],{"class":66},[52,134346,2661],{"class":155},[52,134348,159],{"class":66},[14,134350,164],{},[42,134352,134354],{"className":44,"code":134353,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Python\n",[49,134355,134356],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134357,134358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134359,134353],{"class":58},[487,134361,134363,134364,134366],{"id":134362},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[49,134365,133596],{}," returns the result",[42,134368,134370],{"className":44,"code":134369,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[49,134371,134372,134405,134428,134432],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134373,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134401,134403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134375,4465],{"class":58},[52,134377,63],{"class":62},[52,134379,4017],{"class":66},[52,134381,81],{"class":73},[52,134383,6983],{"class":77},[52,134385,81],{"class":73},[52,134387,193],{"class":66},[52,134389,87],{"class":73},[52,134391,79430],{"class":77},[52,134393,81],{"class":73},[52,134395,193],{"class":66},[52,134397,87],{"class":73},[52,134399,134400],{"class":77},"three",[52,134402,81],{"class":73},[52,134404,4030],{"class":66},[52,134406,134407,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134408,134409],{"class":58},"joined_text ",[52,134411,63],{"class":62},[52,134413,87],{"class":73},[52,134415,2416],{"class":77},[52,134417,81],{"class":73},[52,134419,35],{"class":66},[52,134421,133673],{"class":155},[52,134423,152],{"class":66},[52,134425,4509],{"class":155},[52,134427,159],{"class":66},[52,134429,134430],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,134431,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,134433,134434,134436,134438,134441],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,134435,149],{"class":148},[52,134437,152],{"class":66},[52,134439,134440],{"class":155},"joined_text",[52,134442,159],{"class":66},[14,134444,164],{},[42,134446,134448],{"className":44,"code":134447,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"one-two-three\n",[49,134449,134450],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134451,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134453,6983],{"class":58},[52,134455,2416],{"class":62},[52,134457,79430],{"class":58},[52,134459,2416],{"class":62},[52,134461,134462],{"class":58},"three\n",[37,134464,134466],{"id":134465},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134468,134469],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[487,134471,134473,134476],{"id":134472},"join-adds-spaces",[49,134474,134475],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[42,134478,134480],{"className":44,"code":134479,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[49,134481,134482,134506],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134483,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134485,4465],{"class":58},[52,134487,63],{"class":62},[52,134489,4017],{"class":66},[52,134491,81],{"class":73},[52,134493,4241],{"class":77},[52,134495,81],{"class":73},[52,134497,193],{"class":66},[52,134499,87],{"class":73},[52,134501,60749],{"class":77},[52,134503,81],{"class":73},[52,134505,4030],{"class":66},[52,134507,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134509,149],{"class":148},[52,134511,152],{"class":66},[52,134513,81],{"class":73},[52,134515,87],{"class":73},[52,134517,35],{"class":66},[52,134519,133673],{"class":155},[52,134521,152],{"class":66},[52,134523,4509],{"class":155},[52,134525,742],{"class":66},[14,134527,164],{},[42,134529,134531],{"className":44,"code":134530,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"hello world\n",[49,134532,134533],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134534,134535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134536,134530],{"class":58},[487,134538,134540,134543],{"id":134539},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[49,134541,134542],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[42,134545,134547],{"className":44,"code":134546,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[49,134548,134549,134581],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134550,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134552,13431],{"class":58},[52,134554,63],{"class":62},[52,134556,4017],{"class":66},[52,134558,81],{"class":73},[52,134560,13448],{"class":77},[52,134562,81],{"class":73},[52,134564,193],{"class":66},[52,134566,87],{"class":73},[52,134568,13465],{"class":77},[52,134570,81],{"class":73},[52,134572,193],{"class":66},[52,134574,87],{"class":73},[52,134576,17591],{"class":77},[52,134578,81],{"class":73},[52,134580,4030],{"class":66},[52,134582,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134584,149],{"class":148},[52,134586,152],{"class":66},[52,134588,81],{"class":73},[52,134590,2203],{"class":77},[52,134592,81],{"class":73},[52,134594,35],{"class":66},[52,134596,133673],{"class":155},[52,134598,152],{"class":66},[52,134600,17638],{"class":155},[52,134602,742],{"class":66},[14,134604,164],{},[42,134606,134608],{"className":44,"code":134607,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"red, blue, green\n",[49,134609,134610],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134611,134612,134614,134616,134619,134621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134613,13448],{"class":58},[52,134615,193],{"class":66},[52,134617,134618],{"class":58}," blue",[52,134620,193],{"class":66},[52,134622,36020],{"class":58},[14,134624,134625],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[487,134627,134629,134632],{"id":134628},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[49,134630,134631],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[42,134634,134636],{"className":44,"code":134635,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[49,134637,134638,134670],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134639,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134641,42988],{"class":58},[52,134643,63],{"class":62},[52,134645,4017],{"class":66},[52,134647,81],{"class":73},[52,134649,46],{"class":77},[52,134651,81],{"class":73},[52,134653,193],{"class":66},[52,134655,87],{"class":73},[52,134657,61332],{"class":77},[52,134659,81],{"class":73},[52,134661,193],{"class":66},[52,134663,87],{"class":73},[52,134665,133673],{"class":77},[52,134667,81],{"class":73},[52,134669,4030],{"class":66},[52,134671,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134673,149],{"class":148},[52,134675,152],{"class":66},[52,134677,81],{"class":73},[52,134679,2416],{"class":77},[52,134681,81],{"class":73},[52,134683,35],{"class":66},[52,134685,133673],{"class":155},[52,134687,152],{"class":66},[52,134689,43020],{"class":155},[52,134691,742],{"class":66},[14,134693,164],{},[42,134695,134697],{"className":44,"code":134696,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"python-string-join\n",[49,134698,134699],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134700,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134702,46],{"class":58},[52,134704,2416],{"class":62},[52,134706,61332],{"class":58},[52,134708,2416],{"class":62},[52,134710,134711],{"class":58},"join\n",[487,134713,134715,134718],{"id":134714},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[49,134716,134717],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[42,134720,134722],{"className":44,"code":134721,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[49,134723,134724,134757],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134725,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134753,134755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134727,113093],{"class":58},[52,134729,63],{"class":62},[52,134731,4017],{"class":66},[52,134733,81],{"class":73},[52,134735,22383],{"class":77},[52,134737,81],{"class":73},[52,134739,193],{"class":66},[52,134741,87],{"class":73},[52,134743,30742],{"class":77},[52,134745,81],{"class":73},[52,134747,193],{"class":66},[52,134749,87],{"class":73},[52,134751,134752],{"class":77},"C",[52,134754,81],{"class":73},[52,134756,4030],{"class":66},[52,134758,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134774],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134760,149],{"class":148},[52,134762,152],{"class":66},[52,134764,6671],{"class":73},[52,134766,35],{"class":66},[52,134768,133673],{"class":155},[52,134770,152],{"class":66},[52,134772,134773],{"class":155},"chars",[52,134775,742],{"class":66},[14,134777,164],{},[42,134779,134781],{"className":44,"code":134780,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ABC\n",[49,134782,134783],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134784,134785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134786,134780],{"class":34597},[37,134788,134790],{"id":134789},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134792,134793,134795],{},[49,134794,133596],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[487,134797,134799],{"id":134798},"this-works","This works",[42,134801,134803],{"className":44,"code":134802,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[49,134804,134805,134837],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134806,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134808,4218],{"class":58},[52,134810,63],{"class":62},[52,134812,4017],{"class":66},[52,134814,81],{"class":73},[52,134816,2728],{"class":77},[52,134818,81],{"class":73},[52,134820,193],{"class":66},[52,134822,87],{"class":73},[52,134824,852],{"class":77},[52,134826,81],{"class":73},[52,134828,193],{"class":66},[52,134830,87],{"class":73},[52,134832,36989],{"class":77},[52,134834,81],{"class":73},[52,134836,4030],{"class":66},[52,134838,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134840,149],{"class":148},[52,134842,152],{"class":66},[52,134844,81],{"class":73},[52,134846,2203],{"class":77},[52,134848,81],{"class":73},[52,134850,35],{"class":66},[52,134852,133673],{"class":155},[52,134854,152],{"class":66},[52,134856,2071],{"class":155},[52,134858,742],{"class":66},[14,134860,164],{},[42,134862,134864],{"className":44,"code":134863,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10, 20, 30\n",[49,134865,134866],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134867,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134869,2728],{"class":110},[52,134871,193],{"class":66},[52,134873,111],{"class":110},[52,134875,193],{"class":66},[52,134877,134878],{"class":110}," 30\n",[487,134880,134882],{"id":134881},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[42,134884,134886],{"className":44,"code":134885,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[49,134887,134888,134908],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134889,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134891,4218],{"class":58},[52,134893,63],{"class":62},[52,134895,4017],{"class":66},[52,134897,1565],{"class":110},[52,134899,193],{"class":66},[52,134901,1570],{"class":110},[52,134903,193],{"class":66},[52,134905,2850],{"class":110},[52,134907,4030],{"class":66},[52,134909,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134911,149],{"class":148},[52,134913,152],{"class":66},[52,134915,81],{"class":73},[52,134917,2203],{"class":77},[52,134919,81],{"class":73},[52,134921,35],{"class":66},[52,134923,133673],{"class":155},[52,134925,152],{"class":66},[52,134927,2071],{"class":155},[52,134929,742],{"class":66},[14,134931,90470,134932,134934],{},[49,134933,3401],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134936,134937],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[42,134939,134941],{"className":44,"code":134940,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,134942,134943,134963,134993,134997],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,134944,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134946,4218],{"class":58},[52,134948,63],{"class":62},[52,134950,4017],{"class":66},[52,134952,1565],{"class":110},[52,134954,193],{"class":66},[52,134956,1570],{"class":110},[52,134958,193],{"class":66},[52,134960,2850],{"class":110},[52,134962,4030],{"class":66},[52,134964,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,134966,2626],{"class":58},[52,134968,63],{"class":62},[52,134970,87],{"class":73},[52,134972,2203],{"class":77},[52,134974,81],{"class":73},[52,134976,35],{"class":66},[52,134978,133673],{"class":155},[52,134980,152],{"class":66},[52,134982,40009],{"class":148},[52,134984,152],{"class":66},[52,134986,3836],{"class":646},[52,134988,193],{"class":66},[52,134990,4282],{"class":155},[52,134992,742],{"class":66},[52,134994,134995],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,134996,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,134998,134999,135001,135003,135005],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,135000,149],{"class":148},[52,135002,152],{"class":66},[52,135004,2661],{"class":155},[52,135006,159],{"class":66},[14,135008,164],{},[42,135010,135012],{"className":44,"code":135011,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"1, 2, 3\n",[49,135013,135014],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135017,1565],{"class":110},[52,135019,193],{"class":66},[52,135021,1570],{"class":110},[52,135023,193],{"class":66},[52,135025,2976],{"class":110},[14,135027,135028,135029,35],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[26,135030,3969,135031,3902],{"href":42326},[49,135032,47837],{},[487,135034,135036,135038],{"id":135035},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[49,135037,4175],{}," values do not work directly",[42,135040,135042],{"className":44,"code":135041,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[49,135043,135044,135072],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135045,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135047,4218],{"class":58},[52,135049,63],{"class":62},[52,135051,4017],{"class":66},[52,135053,81],{"class":73},[52,135055,4474],{"class":77},[52,135057,81],{"class":73},[52,135059,193],{"class":66},[52,135061,4248],{"class":128},[52,135063,193],{"class":66},[52,135065,87],{"class":73},[52,135067,4483],{"class":77},[52,135069,81],{"class":73},[52,135071,4030],{"class":66},[52,135073,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135075,149],{"class":148},[52,135077,152],{"class":66},[52,135079,81],{"class":73},[52,135081,2203],{"class":77},[52,135083,81],{"class":73},[52,135085,35],{"class":66},[52,135087,133673],{"class":155},[52,135089,152],{"class":66},[52,135091,2071],{"class":155},[52,135093,742],{"class":66},[14,135095,135096,135097,35],{},"This also causes a ",[49,135098,3401],{},[14,135100,135101],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[42,135103,135105],{"className":44,"code":135104,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,135106,135107,135135,135165,135169],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135108,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135110,4218],{"class":58},[52,135112,63],{"class":62},[52,135114,4017],{"class":66},[52,135116,81],{"class":73},[52,135118,4474],{"class":77},[52,135120,81],{"class":73},[52,135122,193],{"class":66},[52,135124,4248],{"class":128},[52,135126,193],{"class":66},[52,135128,87],{"class":73},[52,135130,4483],{"class":77},[52,135132,81],{"class":73},[52,135134,4030],{"class":66},[52,135136,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135138,2626],{"class":58},[52,135140,63],{"class":62},[52,135142,87],{"class":73},[52,135144,2203],{"class":77},[52,135146,81],{"class":73},[52,135148,35],{"class":66},[52,135150,133673],{"class":155},[52,135152,152],{"class":66},[52,135154,40009],{"class":148},[52,135156,152],{"class":66},[52,135158,3836],{"class":646},[52,135160,193],{"class":66},[52,135162,4282],{"class":155},[52,135164,742],{"class":66},[52,135166,135167],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,135168,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,135170,135171,135173,135175,135177],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,135172,149],{"class":148},[52,135174,152],{"class":66},[52,135176,2661],{"class":155},[52,135178,159],{"class":66},[14,135180,164],{},[42,135182,135184],{"className":44,"code":135183,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"apple, None, banana\n",[49,135185,135186],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135187,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135189,4474],{"class":58},[52,135191,193],{"class":66},[52,135193,4248],{"class":128},[52,135195,193],{"class":66},[52,135197,135198],{"class":58}," banana\n",[14,135200,135201,135202,135204],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[49,135203,4175],{}," values instead of converting them.",[487,135206,135208,135210],{"id":135207},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[49,135209,133596],{}," also works with tuples",[42,135212,135214],{"className":44,"code":135213,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[49,135215,135216,135248],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135217,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135219,5392],{"class":58},[52,135221,63],{"class":62},[52,135223,1118],{"class":66},[52,135225,81],{"class":73},[52,135227,976],{"class":77},[52,135229,81],{"class":73},[52,135231,193],{"class":66},[52,135233,87],{"class":73},[52,135235,131602],{"class":77},[52,135237,81],{"class":73},[52,135239,193],{"class":66},[52,135241,87],{"class":73},[52,135243,8316],{"class":77},[52,135245,81],{"class":73},[52,135247,159],{"class":66},[52,135249,135250,135252,135254,135256,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135251,149],{"class":148},[52,135253,152],{"class":66},[52,135255,81],{"class":73},[52,135257,135258],{"class":77}," \u002F ",[52,135260,81],{"class":73},[52,135262,35],{"class":66},[52,135264,133673],{"class":155},[52,135266,152],{"class":66},[52,135268,5436],{"class":155},[52,135270,742],{"class":66},[14,135272,164],{},[42,135274,135276],{"className":44,"code":135275,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[49,135277,135278],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135279,135280,135283,135285,135288,135290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135281,135282],{"class":58},"Sam ",[52,135284,127406],{"class":62},[52,135286,135287],{"class":58}," Lee ",[52,135289,127406],{"class":62},[52,135291,22472],{"class":58},[37,135293,135295,135296],{"id":135294},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[49,135297,133596],{},[14,135299,135300],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[487,135302,135304,135305,135307],{"id":135303},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[49,135306,3401],{}," because not all items are strings",[42,135309,135311],{"className":44,"code":135310,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[49,135312,135313,135341],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135314,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135316,8175],{"class":58},[52,135318,63],{"class":62},[52,135320,4017],{"class":66},[52,135322,81],{"class":73},[52,135324,26],{"class":77},[52,135326,81],{"class":73},[52,135328,193],{"class":66},[52,135330,1570],{"class":110},[52,135332,193],{"class":66},[52,135334,87],{"class":73},[52,135336,10111],{"class":77},[52,135338,81],{"class":73},[52,135340,4030],{"class":66},[52,135342,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135344,149],{"class":148},[52,135346,152],{"class":66},[52,135348,81],{"class":73},[52,135350,87],{"class":73},[52,135352,35],{"class":66},[52,135354,133673],{"class":155},[52,135356,152],{"class":66},[52,135358,8204],{"class":155},[52,135360,742],{"class":66},[14,135362,48664,135363,135365],{},[49,135364,2451],{}," is an integer.",[14,135367,39411],{},[42,135369,135371],{"className":44,"code":135370,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[49,135372,135373,135401],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135374,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397,135399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135376,8175],{"class":58},[52,135378,63],{"class":62},[52,135380,4017],{"class":66},[52,135382,81],{"class":73},[52,135384,26],{"class":77},[52,135386,81],{"class":73},[52,135388,193],{"class":66},[52,135390,1570],{"class":110},[52,135392,193],{"class":66},[52,135394,87],{"class":73},[52,135396,10111],{"class":77},[52,135398,81],{"class":73},[52,135400,4030],{"class":66},[52,135402,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135404,149],{"class":148},[52,135406,152],{"class":66},[52,135408,81],{"class":73},[52,135410,87],{"class":73},[52,135412,35],{"class":66},[52,135414,133673],{"class":155},[52,135416,152],{"class":66},[52,135418,40009],{"class":148},[52,135420,152],{"class":66},[52,135422,3836],{"class":646},[52,135424,193],{"class":66},[52,135426,6364],{"class":155},[52,135428,1291],{"class":66},[14,135430,135431,135432,35],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[26,135433,25819,135435],{"href":135434},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[49,135436,135437],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[487,135439,135441,135442,135444],{"id":135440},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[49,135443,133596],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135446,4922],{},[42,135448,135450],{"className":44,"code":135449,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[49,135451,135452,135484],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135453,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135455,4465],{"class":58},[52,135457,63],{"class":62},[52,135459,4017],{"class":66},[52,135461,81],{"class":73},[52,135463,408],{"class":77},[52,135465,81],{"class":73},[52,135467,193],{"class":66},[52,135469,87],{"class":73},[52,135471,12551],{"class":77},[52,135473,81],{"class":73},[52,135475,193],{"class":66},[52,135477,87],{"class":73},[52,135479,133654],{"class":77},[52,135481,81],{"class":73},[52,135483,4030],{"class":66},[52,135485,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135487,2626],{"class":58},[52,135489,63],{"class":62},[52,135491,6567],{"class":58},[52,135493,35],{"class":66},[52,135495,133673],{"class":155},[52,135497,152],{"class":66},[52,135499,81],{"class":73},[52,135501,87],{"class":73},[52,135503,159],{"class":66},[14,135505,135506,135508],{},[49,135507,133596],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135510,11172],{},[42,135512,135514],{"className":44,"code":135513,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,135515,135516,135548,135568,135572],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135517,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135519,4465],{"class":58},[52,135521,63],{"class":62},[52,135523,4017],{"class":66},[52,135525,81],{"class":73},[52,135527,408],{"class":77},[52,135529,81],{"class":73},[52,135531,193],{"class":66},[52,135533,87],{"class":73},[52,135535,12551],{"class":77},[52,135537,81],{"class":73},[52,135539,193],{"class":66},[52,135541,87],{"class":73},[52,135543,133654],{"class":77},[52,135545,81],{"class":73},[52,135547,4030],{"class":66},[52,135549,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135551,2626],{"class":58},[52,135553,63],{"class":62},[52,135555,87],{"class":73},[52,135557,87],{"class":73},[52,135559,35],{"class":66},[52,135561,133673],{"class":155},[52,135563,152],{"class":66},[52,135565,4509],{"class":155},[52,135567,159],{"class":66},[52,135569,135570],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,135571,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,135573,135574,135576,135578,135580],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,135575,149],{"class":148},[52,135577,152],{"class":66},[52,135579,2661],{"class":155},[52,135581,159],{"class":66},[487,135583,135585],{"id":135584},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[42,135587,135589],{"className":44,"code":135588,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[49,135590,135591,135623],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135592,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135594,4465],{"class":58},[52,135596,63],{"class":62},[52,135598,4017],{"class":66},[52,135600,81],{"class":73},[52,135602,6983],{"class":77},[52,135604,81],{"class":73},[52,135606,193],{"class":66},[52,135608,87],{"class":73},[52,135610,79430],{"class":77},[52,135612,81],{"class":73},[52,135614,193],{"class":66},[52,135616,87],{"class":73},[52,135618,134400],{"class":77},[52,135620,81],{"class":73},[52,135622,4030],{"class":66},[52,135624,135625,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135626,149],{"class":148},[52,135628,152],{"class":66},[52,135630,6671],{"class":73},[52,135632,35],{"class":66},[52,135634,133673],{"class":155},[52,135636,152],{"class":66},[52,135638,4509],{"class":155},[52,135640,742],{"class":66},[14,135642,164],{},[42,135644,135646],{"className":44,"code":135645,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"onetwothree\n",[49,135647,135648],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135649,135650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135651,135645],{"class":58},[14,135653,135654,135655,7029],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[49,135656,133741],{},[487,135658,135660,135661,131864],{"id":135659},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[49,135662,133596],{},[42,135664,135666],{"className":44,"code":135665,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[49,135667,135668,135700,135718,135722],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135669,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135671,4465],{"class":58},[52,135673,63],{"class":62},[52,135675,4017],{"class":66},[52,135677,81],{"class":73},[52,135679,26],{"class":77},[52,135681,81],{"class":73},[52,135683,193],{"class":66},[52,135685,87],{"class":73},[52,135687,5157],{"class":77},[52,135689,81],{"class":73},[52,135691,193],{"class":66},[52,135693,87],{"class":73},[52,135695,10111],{"class":77},[52,135697,81],{"class":73},[52,135699,4030],{"class":66},[52,135701,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135703,81],{"class":43480},[52,135705,2416],{"class":43484},[52,135707,81],{"class":43480},[52,135709,35],{"class":66},[52,135711,133673],{"class":155},[52,135713,152],{"class":66},[52,135715,4509],{"class":155},[52,135717,159],{"class":66},[52,135719,135720],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,135721,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,135723,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,135725,149],{"class":148},[52,135727,152],{"class":66},[52,135729,4509],{"class":155},[52,135731,159],{"class":66},[14,135733,164],{},[42,135735,135736],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,135737,135738],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135739,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135741,1709],{"class":66},[52,135743,177],{"class":73},[52,135745,26],{"class":77},[52,135747,177],{"class":73},[52,135749,193],{"class":66},[52,135751,186],{"class":73},[52,135753,5157],{"class":77},[52,135755,177],{"class":73},[52,135757,193],{"class":66},[52,135759,186],{"class":73},[52,135761,10111],{"class":77},[52,135763,177],{"class":73},[52,135765,4030],{"class":66},[14,135767,135768,135769,135771],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[49,135770,133596],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[37,135773,135775,135777,135778],{"id":135774},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[49,135776,133596],{}," vs concatenation with ",[49,135779,2454],{},[14,135781,10959,135782,2262,135784,135786],{},[49,135783,133596],{},[49,135785,2454],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[487,135788,340,135790,135792],{"id":135789},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[49,135791,2454],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[42,135794,135796],{"className":44,"code":135795,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,135797,135798,135811,135824,135844,135848],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135799,135800,135803,135805,135807,135809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135801,135802],{"class":58},"first ",[52,135804,63],{"class":62},[52,135806,87],{"class":73},[52,135808,35012],{"class":77},[52,135810,297],{"class":73},[52,135812,135813,135816,135818,135820,135822],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135814,135815],{"class":58},"second ",[52,135817,63],{"class":62},[52,135819,87],{"class":73},[52,135821,89899],{"class":77},[52,135823,297],{"class":73},[52,135825,135826,135828,135830,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,135827,2626],{"class":58},[52,135829,63],{"class":62},[52,135831,135832],{"class":58}," first ",[52,135834,2454],{"class":62},[52,135836,87],{"class":73},[52,135838,87],{"class":73},[52,135840,2853],{"class":62},[52,135842,135843],{"class":58}," second\n",[52,135845,135846],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,135847,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,135849,135850,135852,135854,135856],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,135851,149],{"class":148},[52,135853,152],{"class":66},[52,135855,2661],{"class":155},[52,135857,159],{"class":66},[14,135859,164],{},[42,135861,135863],{"className":44,"code":135862,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Hello World\n",[49,135864,135865],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135866,135867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135868,135862],{"class":58},[487,135870,340,135872,135874],{"id":135871},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[49,135873,133596],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[42,135876,135878],{"className":44,"code":135877,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,135879,135880,135922,135942,135946],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135881,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135901,135903,135905,135907,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135883,4465],{"class":58},[52,135885,63],{"class":62},[52,135887,4017],{"class":66},[52,135889,81],{"class":73},[52,135891,408],{"class":77},[52,135893,81],{"class":73},[52,135895,193],{"class":66},[52,135897,87],{"class":73},[52,135899,135900],{"class":77},"makes",[52,135902,81],{"class":73},[52,135904,193],{"class":66},[52,135906,87],{"class":73},[52,135908,135909],{"class":77},"this",[52,135911,81],{"class":73},[52,135913,193],{"class":66},[52,135915,87],{"class":73},[52,135917,134095],{"class":77},[52,135919,81],{"class":73},[52,135921,4030],{"class":66},[52,135923,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,135925,2626],{"class":58},[52,135927,63],{"class":62},[52,135929,87],{"class":73},[52,135931,87],{"class":73},[52,135933,35],{"class":66},[52,135935,133673],{"class":155},[52,135937,152],{"class":66},[52,135939,4509],{"class":155},[52,135941,159],{"class":66},[52,135943,135944],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,135945,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,135947,135948,135950,135952,135954],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,135949,149],{"class":148},[52,135951,152],{"class":66},[52,135953,2661],{"class":155},[52,135955,159],{"class":66},[14,135957,164],{},[42,135959,135961],{"className":44,"code":135960,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Python makes this easy\n",[49,135962,135963],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,135964,135965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135966,135960],{"class":58},[14,135968,135969,135971],{},[49,135970,133596],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[227,135973,135974,135977,135980],{},[230,135975,135976],{},"You already have a list of strings",[230,135978,135979],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[230,135981,135982,135983,135985],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[49,135984,2454],{}," operators",[14,135987,135988,135989,35],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[26,135990,135992],{"href":135991},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[37,135994,135996],{"id":135995},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135998,9271,135999,136001],{},[49,136000,133596],{}," is not working, check these first:",[227,136003,136004,136007,136012,136021,136027],{},[230,136005,136006],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[230,136008,136009,136010],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[49,136011,4175],{},[230,136013,136014,136015,11456,136018],{},"You may have written ",[49,136016,136017],{},"list.join(...)",[49,136019,136020],{},"string.join(...)",[230,136022,136023,136024,136026],{},"You may be expecting ",[49,136025,133596],{}," to change the original iterable",[230,136028,136029],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,136031,94539],{},[42,136033,136035],{"className":44,"code":136034,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[49,136036,136037,136051,136061,136085,136125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136038,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136040,149],{"class":148},[52,136042,152],{"class":66},[52,136044,734],{"class":646},[52,136046,152],{"class":66},[52,136048,8204],{"class":155},[52,136050,742],{"class":66},[52,136052,136053,136055,136057,136059],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136054,149],{"class":148},[52,136056,152],{"class":66},[52,136058,8204],{"class":155},[52,136060,159],{"class":66},[52,136062,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136064,149],{"class":148},[52,136066,2152],{"class":66},[52,136068,734],{"class":646},[52,136070,152],{"class":66},[52,136072,23449],{"class":155},[52,136074,4056],{"class":66},[52,136076,4273],{"class":4272},[52,136078,6359],{"class":155},[52,136080,4279],{"class":4272},[52,136082,6364],{"class":155},[52,136084,1718],{"class":66},[52,136086,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101,136103,136105,136107,136109,136111,136113,136115,136117,136119,136121,136123],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136088,149],{"class":148},[52,136090,152],{"class":66},[52,136092,177],{"class":73},[52,136094,186],{"class":73},[52,136096,35],{"class":66},[52,136098,133673],{"class":155},[52,136100,2152],{"class":66},[52,136102,177],{"class":73},[52,136104,26],{"class":77},[52,136106,177],{"class":73},[52,136108,193],{"class":66},[52,136110,186],{"class":73},[52,136112,5157],{"class":77},[52,136114,177],{"class":73},[52,136116,193],{"class":66},[52,136118,186],{"class":73},[52,136120,10111],{"class":77},[52,136122,177],{"class":73},[52,136124,3395],{"class":66},[52,136126,136127,136129,136131,136133,136135,136137,136139,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157,136159,136161,136163],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,136128,149],{"class":148},[52,136130,152],{"class":66},[52,136132,177],{"class":73},[52,136134,2203],{"class":77},[52,136136,177],{"class":73},[52,136138,35],{"class":66},[52,136140,133673],{"class":155},[52,136142,152],{"class":66},[52,136144,40009],{"class":148},[52,136146,152],{"class":66},[52,136148,3836],{"class":646},[52,136150,193],{"class":66},[52,136152,4017],{"class":66},[52,136154,1565],{"class":110},[52,136156,193],{"class":66},[52,136158,1570],{"class":110},[52,136160,193],{"class":66},[52,136162,2850],{"class":110},[52,136164,37413],{"class":66},[14,136166,136167],{},"What these checks do:",[227,136169,136170,136178,136184,136190,136199],{},[230,136171,136172,136175,136176,8491],{},[49,136173,136174],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[49,136177,8204],{},[230,136179,136180,136183],{},[49,136181,136182],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[230,136185,136186,136189],{},[49,136187,136188],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[230,136191,136192,136195,136196,136198],{},[49,136193,136194],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[49,136197,133596],{}," behavior",[230,136200,136201,136204],{},[49,136202,136203],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[37,136206,2220],{"id":2219},[487,136208,13061,136210,136212],{"id":136209},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[49,136211,133596],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136214,136215,136216,136218,136219,35],{},"Not directly. ",[49,136217,133596],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[49,136220,136221],{},"map(str, values)",[487,136223,13061,136225,57320],{"id":136224},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[49,136226,133596],{},[14,136228,136229],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[487,136231,28469,136233,62793],{"id":136232},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[49,136234,133596],{},[14,136236,42303,136237,136239],{},[49,136238,133596],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[487,136241,5539,136243,40110],{"id":136242},"what-does-joinwords-do",[49,136244,136245],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136247,136248],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[487,136250,136252,136253,136255,136256,2265],{"id":136251},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[49,136254,3401],{}," when using ",[49,136257,133596],{},[14,136259,136260],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[37,136262,2277],{"id":2276},[227,136264,136265,136270,136276,136282,136288],{},[230,136266,136267],{},[26,136268,136269],{"href":135991},"How to join strings in Python",[230,136271,136272],{},[26,136273,126514,136274,2292],{"href":129201},[49,136275,60689],{},[230,136277,136278],{},[26,136279,3969,136280,3902],{"href":42326},[49,136281,47837],{},[230,136283,136284],{},[26,136285,30489,136286],{"href":135434},[49,136287,135437],{},[230,136289,136290],{},[26,136291,125269],{"href":51130},[14,136293,97509,136294,136296],{},[49,136295,133596],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2315,136298,136299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":136301},[136302,136303,136305,136308,136315,136325,136333,136343,136350,136351,136363],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":133713,"depth":70,"text":136304},"What join() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":136306},[136307],{"id":49163,"depth":98,"text":49164},{"id":122044,"depth":70,"text":122045,"children":136309},[136310,136311,136312,136313],{"id":134060,"depth":98,"text":134061},{"id":134152,"depth":98,"text":134153},{"id":134253,"depth":98,"text":134254},{"id":134362,"depth":98,"text":136314},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134465,"depth":70,"text":134466,"children":136316},[136317,136319,136321,136323],{"id":134472,"depth":98,"text":136318},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134539,"depth":98,"text":136320},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134628,"depth":98,"text":136322},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134714,"depth":98,"text":136324},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134789,"depth":70,"text":134790,"children":136326},[136327,136328,136329,136331],{"id":134798,"depth":98,"text":134799},{"id":134881,"depth":98,"text":134882},{"id":135035,"depth":98,"text":136330},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135207,"depth":98,"text":136332},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135294,"depth":70,"text":136334,"children":136335},"Common errors with join()",[136336,136338,136340,136341],{"id":135303,"depth":98,"text":136337},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135440,"depth":98,"text":136339},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135584,"depth":98,"text":135585},{"id":135659,"depth":98,"text":136342},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135774,"depth":70,"text":136344,"children":136345},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136346,136348],{"id":135789,"depth":98,"text":136347},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135871,"depth":98,"text":136349},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135995,"depth":70,"text":135996},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":136352},[136353,136355,136357,136359,136361],{"id":136209,"depth":98,"text":136354},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136224,"depth":98,"text":136356},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136232,"depth":98,"text":136358},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136242,"depth":98,"text":136360},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136251,"depth":98,"text":136362},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133588,"description":136364},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136371,"title":136372,"body":136373,"description":137941,"extension":2357,"meta":137942,"navigation":141,"path":137943,"seo":137944,"stem":137945,"__hash__":137946},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136374,"toc":137908},[136375,136380,136385,136387,136401,136446,136453,136458,136463,136465,136481,136490,136492,136494,136509,136511,136521,136523,136585,136587,136590,136651,136653,136669,136671,136684,136687,136734,136736,136742,136745,136748,136808,136816,136902,136906,136911,136913,136927,136930,137015,137018,137076,137087,137142,137144,137151,137157,137163,137207,137210,137257,137259,137261,137268,137270,137301,137304,137306,137337,137341,137344,137346,137386,137388,137431,137437,137442,137444,137471,137476,137479,137528,137532,137535,137610,137621,137624,137681,137688,137694,137702,137707,137714,137721,137739,137741,137795,137803,137805,137810,137813,137819,137825,137830,137833,137839,137845,137852,137860,137862,137905],[10,136376,123514,136378,11684],{"id":136377},"python-string-lower-method",[49,136379,124244],{},[14,136381,123519,136382,136384],{},[49,136383,124244],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136386,24226],{},[227,136388,136389,136392,136395,136398],{},[230,136390,136391],{},"convert text to lowercase",[230,136393,136394],{},"compare text without case differences",[230,136396,136397],{},"clean up user input",[230,136399,136400],{},"make simple text matching easier",[42,136402,136404],{"className":44,"code":136403,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[49,136405,136406,136419,136433],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136407,136408,136410,136412,136414,136417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136409,34832],{"class":58},[52,136411,63],{"class":62},[52,136413,87],{"class":73},[52,136415,136416],{"class":77},"Hello WORLD",[52,136418,297],{"class":73},[52,136420,136421,136423,136425,136427,136429,136431],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136422,2626],{"class":58},[52,136424,63],{"class":62},[52,136426,42993],{"class":58},[52,136428,35],{"class":66},[52,136430,9037],{"class":155},[52,136432,650],{"class":66},[52,136434,136435,136437,136439,136441,136443],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136436,149],{"class":148},[52,136438,152],{"class":66},[52,136440,2661],{"class":155},[52,136442,4056],{"class":66},[52,136444,136445],{"class":1017},"  # hello world\n",[14,136447,136448,89122,136450,136452],{},[18,136449,83980],{},[49,136451,124244],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[37,136454,4073,136456,4076],{"id":136455},"what-lower-does",[49,136457,124244],{},[14,136459,136460,136462],{},[49,136461,124244],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136464,13407],{},[227,136466,136467,136472,136475,136478],{},[230,136468,136469,136471],{},[49,136470,124244],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[230,136473,136474],{},"It works on string objects",[230,136476,136477],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[230,136479,136480],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136482,125266,136483,136487,136488,35],{},[26,136484,136486],{"href":136485},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[26,136489,51131],{"href":51130},[37,136491,2553],{"id":2552},[14,136493,2556],{},[42,136495,136497],{"className":44,"code":136496,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.lower()\n",[49,136498,136499],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136500,136501,136503,136505,136507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136502,61332],{"class":58},[52,136504,35],{"class":66},[52,136506,9037],{"class":155},[52,136508,650],{"class":66},[14,136510,43802],{},[227,136512,136513,136515,136518],{},[230,136514,97687],{},[230,136516,136517],{},"You call it directly on a string",[230,136519,136520],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136522,511],{},[42,136524,136526],{"className":44,"code":136525,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[49,136527,136528,136551,136555,136568],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136529,136530,136532,136534,136536,136539,136541,136543,136545,136548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136531,149],{"class":148},[52,136533,152],{"class":66},[52,136535,81],{"class":73},[52,136537,136538],{"class":77},"HELLO",[52,136540,81],{"class":73},[52,136542,35],{"class":66},[52,136544,9037],{"class":155},[52,136546,136547],{"class":66},"())",[52,136549,136550],{"class":1017},"  # hello\n",[52,136552,136553],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136554,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136556,136557,136559,136561,136563,136566],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136558,8271],{"class":58},[52,136560,63],{"class":62},[52,136562,87],{"class":73},[52,136564,136565],{"class":77},"PyThOn",[52,136567,297],{"class":73},[52,136569,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580,136582],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136571,149],{"class":148},[52,136573,152],{"class":66},[52,136575,78],{"class":155},[52,136577,35],{"class":66},[52,136579,9037],{"class":155},[52,136581,136547],{"class":66},[52,136583,136584],{"class":1017},"  # python\n",[37,136586,11837],{"id":11836},[14,136588,136589],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[42,136591,136593],{"className":44,"code":136592,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[49,136594,136595,136607,136611,136626,136630,136641],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136596,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136598,34832],{"class":58},[52,136600,63],{"class":62},[52,136602,87],{"class":73},[52,136604,136416],{"class":77},[52,136606,297],{"class":73},[52,136608,136609],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136610,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136612,136613,136616,136618,136620,136622,136624],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136614,136615],{"class":58},"lower_text ",[52,136617,63],{"class":62},[52,136619,42993],{"class":58},[52,136621,35],{"class":66},[52,136623,9037],{"class":155},[52,136625,650],{"class":66},[52,136627,136628],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136629,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136631,136632,136634,136636,136639],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,136633,149],{"class":148},[52,136635,152],{"class":66},[52,136637,136638],{"class":155},"lower_text",[52,136640,159],{"class":66},[52,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136644,149],{"class":148},[52,136646,152],{"class":66},[52,136648,34853],{"class":155},[52,136650,159],{"class":66},[14,136652,164],{},[42,136654,136656],{"className":44,"code":136655,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[49,136657,136658,136662],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136659,136660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136661,134530],{"class":58},[52,136663,136664,136666],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136665,131930],{"class":58},[52,136667,136668],{"class":34597},"WORLD\n",[14,136670,24746],{},[227,136672,136673,136678],{},[230,136674,136675,136677],{},[49,136676,124244],{}," returns the lowercase result",[230,136679,136680,136681,136683],{},"the original ",[49,136682,34853],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136685,136686],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[42,136688,136690],{"className":44,"code":136689,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[49,136691,136692,136704,136718,136722],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136693,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136695,34832],{"class":58},[52,136697,63],{"class":62},[52,136699,87],{"class":73},[52,136701,136416],{"class":77},[52,136703,297],{"class":73},[52,136705,136706,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136707,34832],{"class":58},[52,136709,63],{"class":62},[52,136711,42993],{"class":58},[52,136713,35],{"class":66},[52,136715,9037],{"class":155},[52,136717,650],{"class":66},[52,136719,136720],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136721,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136723,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136725,149],{"class":148},[52,136727,152],{"class":66},[52,136729,34853],{"class":155},[52,136731,4056],{"class":66},[52,136733,136445],{"class":1017},[37,136735,17554],{"id":17553},[14,136737,136738,22113,136740,35],{},[49,136739,124244],{},[18,136741,61332],{},[14,136743,136744],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136746,136747],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[42,136749,136751],{"className":44,"code":136750,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[49,136752,136753,136767,136771,136794],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136754,136755,136758,136760,136762,136765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136756,136757],{"class":58},"answer ",[52,136759,63],{"class":62},[52,136761,87],{"class":73},[52,136763,136764],{"class":77},"YES",[52,136766,297],{"class":73},[52,136768,136769],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136770,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136772,136773,136775,136778,136780,136782,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136774,7395],{"class":4272},[52,136776,136777],{"class":58}," answer",[52,136779,35],{"class":66},[52,136781,9037],{"class":155},[52,136783,7762],{"class":66},[52,136785,6807],{"class":62},[52,136787,87],{"class":73},[52,136789,9054],{"class":77},[52,136791,81],{"class":73},[52,136793,6792],{"class":66},[52,136795,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136797,8463],{"class":148},[52,136799,152],{"class":66},[52,136801,81],{"class":73},[52,136803,96996],{"class":77},[52,136805,81],{"class":73},[52,136807,159],{"class":66},[14,136809,136810,136811,84],{},"This is especially useful with ",[26,136812,136813,136814,2700],{"href":8614},"the ",[49,136815,3355],{},[42,136817,136819],{"className":44,"code":136818,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[49,136820,136821,136840,136844,136866,136881,136887],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136822,136823,136825,136827,136829,136831,136833,136836,136838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136824,136757],{"class":58},[52,136826,63],{"class":62},[52,136828,8637],{"class":148},[52,136830,152],{"class":66},[52,136832,81],{"class":73},[52,136834,136835],{"class":77},"Type yes or no: ",[52,136837,81],{"class":73},[52,136839,159],{"class":66},[52,136841,136842],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136843,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136845,136846,136848,136850,136852,136854,136856,136858,136860,136862,136864],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136847,7395],{"class":4272},[52,136849,136777],{"class":58},[52,136851,35],{"class":66},[52,136853,9037],{"class":155},[52,136855,7762],{"class":66},[52,136857,6807],{"class":62},[52,136859,87],{"class":73},[52,136861,9054],{"class":77},[52,136863,81],{"class":73},[52,136865,6792],{"class":66},[52,136867,136868,136870,136872,136874,136877,136879],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136869,8463],{"class":148},[52,136871,152],{"class":66},[52,136873,81],{"class":73},[52,136875,136876],{"class":77},"You typed yes",[52,136878,81],{"class":73},[52,136880,159],{"class":66},[52,136882,136883,136885],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,136884,27574],{"class":4272},[52,136886,6792],{"class":66},[52,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136898,136900],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,136890,8463],{"class":148},[52,136892,152],{"class":66},[52,136894,81],{"class":73},[52,136896,136897],{"class":77},"You typed something else",[52,136899,81],{"class":73},[52,136901,159],{"class":66},[37,136903,136905],{"id":136904},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136907,136908,136910],{},[49,136909,124244],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136912,7739],{},[227,136914,136915,136918,136921,136924],{},[230,136916,136917],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[230,136919,136920],{},"Make text matching easier",[230,136922,136923],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[230,136925,136926],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136928,136929],{},"Example: checking user input",[42,136931,136933],{"className":44,"code":136932,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[49,136934,136935,136953,136957,136979,136994,137000],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,136936,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945,136947,136949,136951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136938,45111],{"class":58},[52,136940,63],{"class":62},[52,136942,8637],{"class":148},[52,136944,152],{"class":66},[52,136946,81],{"class":73},[52,136948,45122],{"class":77},[52,136950,81],{"class":73},[52,136952,159],{"class":66},[52,136954,136955],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,136956,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,136958,136959,136961,136963,136965,136967,136969,136971,136973,136975,136977],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,136960,7395],{"class":4272},[52,136962,35997],{"class":58},[52,136964,35],{"class":66},[52,136966,9037],{"class":155},[52,136968,7762],{"class":66},[52,136970,6807],{"class":62},[52,136972,87],{"class":73},[52,136974,13465],{"class":77},[52,136976,81],{"class":73},[52,136978,6792],{"class":66},[52,136980,136981,136983,136985,136987,136990,136992],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,136982,8463],{"class":148},[52,136984,152],{"class":66},[52,136986,81],{"class":73},[52,136988,136989],{"class":77},"Nice choice!",[52,136991,81],{"class":73},[52,136993,159],{"class":66},[52,136995,136996,136998],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,136997,27574],{"class":4272},[52,136999,6792],{"class":66},[52,137001,137002,137004,137006,137008,137011,137013],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137003,8463],{"class":148},[52,137005,152],{"class":66},[52,137007,81],{"class":73},[52,137009,137010],{"class":77},"Got it.",[52,137012,81],{"class":73},[52,137014,159],{"class":66},[14,137016,137017],{},"Example: simple search",[42,137019,137021],{"className":44,"code":137020,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[49,137022,137023,137036,137040,137061],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137024,137025,137027,137029,137031,137034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137026,90166],{"class":58},[52,137028,63],{"class":62},[52,137030,87],{"class":73},[52,137032,137033],{"class":77},"Python Is Fun",[52,137035,297],{"class":73},[52,137037,137038],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137039,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050,137052,137055,137057,137059],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137043,7395],{"class":4272},[52,137045,87],{"class":73},[52,137047,46],{"class":77},[52,137049,81],{"class":73},[52,137051,21311],{"class":62},[52,137053,137054],{"class":58}," message",[52,137056,35],{"class":66},[52,137058,9037],{"class":155},[52,137060,21733],{"class":66},[52,137062,137063,137065,137067,137069,137072,137074],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137064,8463],{"class":148},[52,137066,152],{"class":66},[52,137068,81],{"class":73},[52,137070,137071],{"class":77},"Found it",[52,137073,81],{"class":73},[52,137075,159],{"class":66},[14,137077,137078,137079,137081,137082,84],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[49,137080,124244],{}," is often used with ",[26,137083,137085],{"href":137084},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[49,137086,41804],{},[42,137088,137090],{"className":44,"code":137089,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[49,137091,137092,137105,137124,137128],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137095,8271],{"class":58},[52,137097,63],{"class":62},[52,137099,87],{"class":73},[52,137101,137102],{"class":77},"  ALICE  ",[52,137104,297],{"class":73},[52,137106,137107,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120,137122],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137108,137109],{"class":58},"clean_name ",[52,137111,63],{"class":62},[52,137113,36138],{"class":58},[52,137115,35],{"class":66},[52,137117,9031],{"class":155},[52,137119,9034],{"class":66},[52,137121,9037],{"class":155},[52,137123,650],{"class":66},[52,137125,137126],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137127,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137129,137130,137132,137134,137137,137139],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137131,149],{"class":148},[52,137133,152],{"class":66},[52,137135,137136],{"class":155},"clean_name",[52,137138,4056],{"class":66},[52,137140,137141],{"class":1017},"  # alice\n",[37,137143,680],{"id":679},[14,137145,137146,137147,137150],{},"Strings are ",[18,137148,137149],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137152,137153,137154,137156],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[49,137155,124244],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137158,137159,137160,137162],{},"So this does ",[18,137161,1006],{}," update the original variable:",[42,137164,137166],{"className":44,"code":137165,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[49,137167,137168,137180,137190,137194],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137171,34832],{"class":58},[52,137173,63],{"class":62},[52,137175,87],{"class":73},[52,137177,136538],{"class":77},[52,137179,297],{"class":73},[52,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137183,34853],{"class":58},[52,137185,35],{"class":66},[52,137187,9037],{"class":155},[52,137189,650],{"class":66},[52,137191,137192],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137193,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137195,137196,137198,137200,137202,137204],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137197,149],{"class":148},[52,137199,152],{"class":66},[52,137201,34853],{"class":155},[52,137203,4056],{"class":66},[52,137205,137206],{"class":1017},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137208,137209],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[42,137211,137213],{"className":44,"code":137212,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[49,137214,137215,137227,137241,137245],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137216,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137218,34832],{"class":58},[52,137220,63],{"class":62},[52,137222,87],{"class":73},[52,137224,136538],{"class":77},[52,137226,297],{"class":73},[52,137228,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137230,34832],{"class":58},[52,137232,63],{"class":62},[52,137234,42993],{"class":58},[52,137236,35],{"class":66},[52,137238,9037],{"class":155},[52,137240,650],{"class":66},[52,137242,137243],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137244,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137248,149],{"class":148},[52,137250,152],{"class":66},[52,137252,34853],{"class":155},[52,137254,4056],{"class":66},[52,137256,136550],{"class":1017},[37,137258,1743],{"id":1742},[487,137260,25827],{"id":25826},[14,137262,137263,137264,11456,137266,35],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[49,137265,9037],{},[49,137267,124244],{},[14,137269,1773],{},[42,137271,137273],{"className":44,"code":137272,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[49,137274,137275,137287],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137278,34832],{"class":58},[52,137280,63],{"class":62},[52,137282,87],{"class":73},[52,137284,136538],{"class":77},[52,137286,297],{"class":73},[52,137288,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137290,149],{"class":148},[52,137292,152],{"class":66},[52,137294,34853],{"class":155},[52,137296,35],{"class":66},[52,137298,9037],{"class":24889},[52,137300,159],{"class":66},[14,137302,137303],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137305,1785],{},[42,137307,137309],{"className":44,"code":137308,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[49,137310,137311,137323],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137312,137313,137315,137317,137319,137321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137314,34832],{"class":58},[52,137316,63],{"class":62},[52,137318,87],{"class":73},[52,137320,136538],{"class":77},[52,137322,297],{"class":73},[52,137324,137325,137327,137329,137331,137333,137335],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137326,149],{"class":148},[52,137328,152],{"class":66},[52,137330,34853],{"class":155},[52,137332,35],{"class":66},[52,137334,9037],{"class":155},[52,137336,2058],{"class":66},[487,137338,137340],{"id":137339},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137342,137343],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137345,1773],{},[42,137347,137349],{"className":44,"code":137348,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[49,137350,137351,137363,137373],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137352,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137354,34832],{"class":58},[52,137356,63],{"class":62},[52,137358,87],{"class":73},[52,137360,136538],{"class":77},[52,137362,297],{"class":73},[52,137364,137365,137367,137369,137371],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137366,34853],{"class":58},[52,137368,35],{"class":66},[52,137370,9037],{"class":155},[52,137372,650],{"class":66},[52,137374,137375,137377,137379,137381,137383],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137376,149],{"class":148},[52,137378,152],{"class":66},[52,137380,34853],{"class":155},[52,137382,4056],{"class":66},[52,137384,137385],{"class":1017},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137387,1785],{},[42,137389,137391],{"className":44,"code":137390,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[49,137392,137393,137405,137419],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137394,137395,137397,137399,137401,137403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137396,34832],{"class":58},[52,137398,63],{"class":62},[52,137400,87],{"class":73},[52,137402,136538],{"class":77},[52,137404,297],{"class":73},[52,137406,137407,137409,137411,137413,137415,137417],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137408,34832],{"class":58},[52,137410,63],{"class":62},[52,137412,42993],{"class":58},[52,137414,35],{"class":66},[52,137416,9037],{"class":155},[52,137418,650],{"class":66},[52,137420,137421,137423,137425,137427,137429],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137422,149],{"class":148},[52,137424,152],{"class":66},[52,137426,34853],{"class":155},[52,137428,4056],{"class":66},[52,137430,136550],{"class":1017},[487,137432,8813,137434,137436],{"id":137433},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[49,137435,124244],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137438,137439,137441],{},[49,137440,124244],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137443,1773],{},[42,137445,137447],{"className":44,"code":137446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[49,137448,137449,137457],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137450,137451,137453,137455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137452,2613],{"class":58},[52,137454,63],{"class":62},[52,137456,125196],{"class":110},[52,137458,137459,137461,137463,137465,137467,137469],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137460,149],{"class":148},[52,137462,152],{"class":66},[52,137464,2636],{"class":155},[52,137466,35],{"class":66},[52,137468,9037],{"class":155},[52,137470,2058],{"class":66},[14,137472,137473,137474,33744],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[49,137475,124244],{},[14,137477,137478],{},"You can check the type first:",[42,137480,137482],{"className":44,"code":137481,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[49,137483,137484,137496,137500,137514],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137485,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137487,34832],{"class":58},[52,137489,63],{"class":62},[52,137491,87],{"class":73},[52,137493,136538],{"class":77},[52,137495,297],{"class":73},[52,137497,137498],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137499,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137501,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137503,149],{"class":148},[52,137505,152],{"class":66},[52,137507,734],{"class":646},[52,137509,152],{"class":66},[52,137511,34853],{"class":155},[52,137513,742],{"class":66},[52,137515,137516,137518,137520,137522,137524,137526],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137517,149],{"class":148},[52,137519,152],{"class":66},[52,137521,34853],{"class":155},[52,137523,35],{"class":66},[52,137525,9037],{"class":155},[52,137527,2058],{"class":66},[487,137529,137531],{"id":137530},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137533,137534],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[42,137536,137538],{"className":44,"code":137537,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[49,137539,137540,137553,137557,137574,137589,137595],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137541,137542,137544,137546,137548,137551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137543,136757],{"class":58},[52,137545,63],{"class":62},[52,137547,87],{"class":73},[52,137549,137550],{"class":77},"Yes",[52,137552,297],{"class":73},[52,137554,137555],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137556,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137558,137559,137561,137564,137566,137568,137570,137572],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137560,7395],{"class":4272},[52,137562,137563],{"class":58}," answer ",[52,137565,5084],{"class":62},[52,137567,87],{"class":73},[52,137569,9054],{"class":77},[52,137571,81],{"class":73},[52,137573,6792],{"class":66},[52,137575,137576,137578,137580,137582,137585,137587],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137577,8463],{"class":148},[52,137579,152],{"class":66},[52,137581,81],{"class":73},[52,137583,137584],{"class":77},"Match",[52,137586,81],{"class":73},[52,137588,159],{"class":66},[52,137590,137591,137593],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,137592,27574],{"class":4272},[52,137594,6792],{"class":66},[52,137596,137597,137599,137601,137603,137606,137608],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,137598,8463],{"class":148},[52,137600,152],{"class":66},[52,137602,81],{"class":73},[52,137604,137605],{"class":77},"No match",[52,137607,81],{"class":73},[52,137609,159],{"class":66},[14,137611,29202,137612,2262,137615,137618,137619,35],{},[49,137613,137614],{},"\"Yes\"",[49,137616,137617],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[49,137620,137605],{},[14,137622,137623],{},"Better:",[42,137625,137627],{"className":44,"code":137626,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[49,137628,137629,137641,137645,137667],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137630,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137632,136757],{"class":58},[52,137634,63],{"class":62},[52,137636,87],{"class":73},[52,137638,137550],{"class":77},[52,137640,297],{"class":73},[52,137642,137643],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137644,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137646,137647,137649,137651,137653,137655,137657,137659,137661,137663,137665],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137648,7395],{"class":4272},[52,137650,136777],{"class":58},[52,137652,35],{"class":66},[52,137654,9037],{"class":155},[52,137656,7762],{"class":66},[52,137658,6807],{"class":62},[52,137660,87],{"class":73},[52,137662,9054],{"class":77},[52,137664,81],{"class":73},[52,137666,6792],{"class":66},[52,137668,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677,137679],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137670,8463],{"class":148},[52,137672,152],{"class":66},[52,137674,81],{"class":73},[52,137676,137584],{"class":77},[52,137678,81],{"class":73},[52,137680,159],{"class":66},[487,137682,44365,137684,137687],{"id":137683},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[49,137685,137686],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137689,137690,137691,137693],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[49,137692,124244],{}," is enough.",[14,137695,137696,137697,137699,137700,35],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[49,137698,137686],{}," can be stronger than ",[49,137701,124244],{},[14,137703,137704,137705,122756],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[49,137706,124244],{},[37,137708,137710,10954,137712],{"id":137709},"lower-vs-upper",[49,137711,124244],{},[49,137713,128392],{},[14,137715,137716,2262,137718,137720],{},[49,137717,124244],{},[49,137719,128392],{}," are very similar.",[227,137722,137723,137728,137733,137736],{},[230,137724,137725,137727],{},[49,137726,124244],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[230,137729,137730,137732],{},[49,137731,128392],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[230,137734,137735],{},"Both return new strings",[230,137737,137738],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137740,511],{},[42,137742,137744],{"className":44,"code":137743,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[49,137745,137746,137758,137762,137778],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137747,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137749,34832],{"class":58},[52,137751,63],{"class":62},[52,137753,87],{"class":73},[52,137755,129233],{"class":77},[52,137757,297],{"class":73},[52,137759,137760],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,137761,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,137763,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,137765,149],{"class":148},[52,137767,152],{"class":66},[52,137769,34853],{"class":155},[52,137771,35],{"class":66},[52,137773,9037],{"class":155},[52,137775,136547],{"class":66},[52,137777,136445],{"class":1017},[52,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790,137792],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,137781,149],{"class":148},[52,137783,152],{"class":66},[52,137785,34853],{"class":155},[52,137787,35],{"class":66},[52,137789,34622],{"class":155},[52,137791,136547],{"class":66},[52,137793,137794],{"class":1017},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137796,137797,137798,35],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[26,137799,126514,137801,2292],{"href":137800},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[49,137802,128392],{},[37,137804,2220],{"id":2219},[487,137806,13061,137808,124841],{"id":137807},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[49,137809,124244],{},[14,137811,137812],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[487,137814,13061,137816,137818],{"id":137815},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[49,137817,124244],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137820,137821,137822,35],{},"No. The method is called as ",[49,137823,137824],{},"string.lower()",[487,137826,5539,137828,13073],{"id":137827},"what-does-lower-return",[49,137829,124244],{},[14,137831,137832],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[487,137834,28469,137836,137838],{"id":137835},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[49,137837,124244],{}," on user input?",[14,137840,137841,137842,137844],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[49,137843,3355],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[487,137846,2259,137848,2262,137850,2265],{"id":137847},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[49,137849,124244],{},[49,137851,137686],{},[14,137853,137854,137856,137857,137859],{},[49,137855,124244],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[49,137858,137686],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[37,137861,2277],{"id":2276},[227,137863,137864,137868,137874,137880,137886,137890,137894,137900],{},[230,137865,137866],{},[26,137867,51131],{"href":51130},[230,137869,137870],{},[26,137871,126514,137872,2292],{"href":137800},[49,137873,128392],{},[230,137875,137876],{},[26,137877,126514,137878,2292],{"href":137084},[49,137879,41804],{},[230,137881,137882],{},[26,137883,126514,137884,2292],{"href":130095},[49,137885,124685],{},[230,137887,137888],{},[26,137889,124913],{"href":123769},[230,137891,137892],{},[26,137893,90842],{"href":89851},[230,137895,137896],{},[26,137897,3969,137898,3902],{"href":8614},[49,137899,3355],{},[230,137901,137902],{},[26,137903,137904],{"href":136485},"What is a string in Python?",[2315,137906,137907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":137909},[137910,137912,137913,137914,137915,137916,137917,137926,137928,137940],{"id":136455,"depth":70,"text":137911},"What lower() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":136904,"depth":70,"text":136905},{"id":679,"depth":70,"text":680},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":137918},[137919,137920,137921,137923,137924],{"id":25826,"depth":98,"text":25827},{"id":137339,"depth":98,"text":137340},{"id":137433,"depth":98,"text":137922},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137530,"depth":98,"text":137531},{"id":137683,"depth":98,"text":137925},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137709,"depth":70,"text":137927},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":137929},[137930,137932,137934,137936,137938],{"id":137807,"depth":98,"text":137931},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137815,"depth":98,"text":137933},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137827,"depth":98,"text":137935},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137835,"depth":98,"text":137937},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137847,"depth":98,"text":137939},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136372,"description":137941},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137948,"title":137949,"body":137950,"description":139500,"extension":2357,"meta":139501,"navigation":141,"path":139502,"seo":139503,"stem":139504,"__hash__":139505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137951,"toc":139461},[137952,137957,137962,137968,137983,137985,138045,138047,138056,138062,138067,138072,138074,138088,138092,138094,138141,138143,138161,138163,138166,138237,138239,138253,138256,138268,138277,138281,138286,138291,138295,138361,138363,138372,138376,138441,138443,138452,138455,138460,138464,138469,138473,138534,138536,138545,138549,138552,138608,138610,138619,138622,138635,138637,138641,138648,138710,138712,138725,138731,138734,138741,138746,138751,138754,138762,138764,138825,138827,138836,138839,138886,138889,138936,138938,138943,138960,138967,138972,139025,139027,139035,139037,139094,139096,139104,139108,139155,139157,139165,139173,139177,139225,139227,139236,139241,139292,139294,139303,139310,139313,139334,139336,139341,139344,139348,139351,139355,139358,139385,139391,139394,139421,139426,139428,139430,139458],[10,137953,123514,137955,11684],{"id":137954},"python-string-replace-method",[49,137956,124685],{},[14,137958,123519,137959,137961],{},[49,137960,124685],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137963,137964,137965,137967],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[49,137966,124685],{},". You will learn:",[227,137969,137970,137974,137977,137980],{},[230,137971,26159,137972,4076],{},[49,137973,124685],{},[230,137975,137976],{},"how its syntax works",[230,137978,137979],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[230,137981,137982],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[37,137984,40],{"id":39},[42,137986,137988],{"className":44,"code":137987,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[49,137989,137990,138003,138035],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,137991,137992,137994,137996,137998,138001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137993,34832],{"class":58},[52,137995,63],{"class":62},[52,137997,87],{"class":73},[52,137999,138000],{"class":77},"I like cats",[52,138002,297],{"class":73},[52,138004,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017,138019,138022,138024,138026,138028,138031,138033],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138006,130353],{"class":58},[52,138008,63],{"class":62},[52,138010,42993],{"class":58},[52,138012,35],{"class":66},[52,138014,35144],{"class":155},[52,138016,152],{"class":66},[52,138018,81],{"class":73},[52,138020,138021],{"class":77},"cats",[52,138023,81],{"class":73},[52,138025,193],{"class":66},[52,138027,87],{"class":73},[52,138029,138030],{"class":77},"dogs",[52,138032,81],{"class":73},[52,138034,159],{"class":66},[52,138036,138037,138039,138041,138043],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138038,149],{"class":148},[52,138040,152],{"class":66},[52,138042,130384],{"class":155},[52,138044,159],{"class":66},[14,138046,164],{},[42,138048,138050],{"className":44,"code":138049,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"I like dogs\n",[49,138051,138052],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138053,138054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138055,138049],{"class":58},[14,138057,340,138058,138061],{},[49,138059,138060],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[37,138063,4073,138065,4076],{"id":138064},"what-replace-does",[49,138066,124685],{},[14,138068,138069,138071],{},[49,138070,124685],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,138073,13407],{},[227,138075,138076,138078,138080,138083],{},[230,138077,133762],{},[230,138079,136480],{},[230,138081,138082],{},"It works on exact matches",[230,138084,138085,138086],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[49,138087,41410],{},[14,138089,125266,138090,35],{},[26,138091,125269],{"href":51130},[37,138093,5828],{"id":5827},[42,138095,138097],{"className":44,"code":138096,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[49,138098,138099,138119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138100,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138112,138114,138117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138102,61332],{"class":58},[52,138104,35],{"class":66},[52,138106,35144],{"class":155},[52,138108,152],{"class":66},[52,138110,138111],{"class":155},"old",[52,138113,193],{"class":66},[52,138115,138116],{"class":155}," new",[52,138118,159],{"class":66},[52,138120,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138122,61332],{"class":58},[52,138124,35],{"class":66},[52,138126,35144],{"class":155},[52,138128,152],{"class":66},[52,138130,138111],{"class":155},[52,138132,193],{"class":66},[52,138134,138116],{"class":155},[52,138136,193],{"class":66},[52,138138,49756],{"class":155},[52,138140,159],{"class":66},[487,138142,17530],{"id":17529},[227,138144,138145,138150,138156],{},[230,138146,138147,138149],{},[49,138148,138111],{}," = the text to find",[230,138151,138152,138155],{},[49,138153,138154],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[230,138157,138158,138160],{},[49,138159,41410],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[37,138162,6185],{"id":6184},[14,138164,138165],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[42,138167,138169],{"className":44,"code":138168,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[49,138170,138171,138183,138213,138217,138227],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138172,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138174,34832],{"class":58},[52,138176,63],{"class":62},[52,138178,87],{"class":73},[52,138180,138000],{"class":77},[52,138182,297],{"class":73},[52,138184,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138186,130353],{"class":58},[52,138188,63],{"class":62},[52,138190,42993],{"class":58},[52,138192,35],{"class":66},[52,138194,35144],{"class":155},[52,138196,152],{"class":66},[52,138198,81],{"class":73},[52,138200,138021],{"class":77},[52,138202,81],{"class":73},[52,138204,193],{"class":66},[52,138206,87],{"class":73},[52,138208,138030],{"class":77},[52,138210,81],{"class":73},[52,138212,159],{"class":66},[52,138214,138215],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138216,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138218,138219,138221,138223,138225],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138220,149],{"class":148},[52,138222,152],{"class":66},[52,138224,34853],{"class":155},[52,138226,159],{"class":66},[52,138228,138229,138231,138233,138235],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,138230,149],{"class":148},[52,138232,152],{"class":66},[52,138234,130384],{"class":155},[52,138236,159],{"class":66},[14,138238,164],{},[42,138240,138242],{"className":44,"code":138241,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[49,138243,138244,138249],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138245,138246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138247,138248],{"class":58},"I like cats\n",[52,138250,138251],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138252,138049],{"class":58},[14,138254,138255],{},"Notice what happened:",[227,138257,138258,138263],{},[230,138259,138260,138262],{},[49,138261,34853],{}," did not change",[230,138264,138265,138267],{},[49,138266,130384],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138269,138270,138271,138273,138274,138276],{},"This happens because strings are ",[18,138272,137149],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[49,138275,124685],{}," return a new string instead.",[37,138278,138280],{"id":138279},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138282,89860,138283,138285],{},[49,138284,124685],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138287,138288,138289,36769],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[49,138290,41410],{},[487,138292,138294],{"id":138293},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[42,138296,138298],{"className":44,"code":138297,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,138299,138300,138313,138347,138351],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138301,138302,138304,138306,138308,138311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138303,34832],{"class":58},[52,138305,63],{"class":62},[52,138307,87],{"class":73},[52,138309,138310],{"class":77},"cat cat cat",[52,138312,297],{"class":73},[52,138314,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138316,2626],{"class":58},[52,138318,63],{"class":62},[52,138320,42993],{"class":58},[52,138322,35],{"class":66},[52,138324,35144],{"class":155},[52,138326,152],{"class":66},[52,138328,81],{"class":73},[52,138330,37195],{"class":77},[52,138332,81],{"class":73},[52,138334,193],{"class":66},[52,138336,87],{"class":73},[52,138338,58284],{"class":77},[52,138340,81],{"class":73},[52,138342,193],{"class":66},[52,138344,5895],{"class":110},[52,138346,159],{"class":66},[52,138348,138349],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138350,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138352,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138354,149],{"class":148},[52,138356,152],{"class":66},[52,138358,2661],{"class":155},[52,138360,159],{"class":66},[14,138362,164],{},[42,138364,138366],{"className":44,"code":138365,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dog cat cat\n",[49,138367,138368],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138369,138370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138371,138365],{"class":58},[487,138373,138375],{"id":138374},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[42,138377,138379],{"className":44,"code":138378,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,138380,138381,138393,138427,138431],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138382,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138384,34832],{"class":58},[52,138386,63],{"class":62},[52,138388,87],{"class":73},[52,138390,138310],{"class":77},[52,138392,297],{"class":73},[52,138394,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138396,2626],{"class":58},[52,138398,63],{"class":62},[52,138400,42993],{"class":58},[52,138402,35],{"class":66},[52,138404,35144],{"class":155},[52,138406,152],{"class":66},[52,138408,81],{"class":73},[52,138410,37195],{"class":77},[52,138412,81],{"class":73},[52,138414,193],{"class":66},[52,138416,87],{"class":73},[52,138418,58284],{"class":77},[52,138420,81],{"class":73},[52,138422,193],{"class":66},[52,138424,1570],{"class":110},[52,138426,159],{"class":66},[52,138428,138429],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138430,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138432,138433,138435,138437,138439],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138434,149],{"class":148},[52,138436,152],{"class":66},[52,138438,2661],{"class":155},[52,138440,159],{"class":66},[14,138442,164],{},[42,138444,138446],{"className":44,"code":138445,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"dog dog cat\n",[49,138447,138448],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138449,138450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138451,138445],{"class":58},[14,138453,138454],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138456,138457,138458,35],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[26,138459,128238],{"href":124682},[37,138461,138463],{"id":138462},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138465,138466,138468],{},[49,138467,124685],{}," can also change single characters.",[487,138470,138472],{"id":138471},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[42,138474,138476],{"className":44,"code":138475,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,138477,138478,138490,138520,138524],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138479,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138481,34832],{"class":58},[52,138483,63],{"class":62},[52,138485,87],{"class":73},[52,138487,4483],{"class":77},[52,138489,297],{"class":73},[52,138491,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138493,2626],{"class":58},[52,138495,63],{"class":62},[52,138497,42993],{"class":58},[52,138499,35],{"class":66},[52,138501,35144],{"class":155},[52,138503,152],{"class":66},[52,138505,81],{"class":73},[52,138507,26],{"class":77},[52,138509,81],{"class":73},[52,138511,193],{"class":66},[52,138513,87],{"class":73},[52,138515,60631],{"class":77},[52,138517,81],{"class":73},[52,138519,159],{"class":66},[52,138521,138522],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138523,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138525,138526,138528,138530,138532],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138527,149],{"class":148},[52,138529,152],{"class":66},[52,138531,2661],{"class":155},[52,138533,159],{"class":66},[14,138535,164],{},[42,138537,138539],{"className":44,"code":138538,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"bonono\n",[49,138540,138541],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138542,138543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138544,138538],{"class":58},[487,138546,138548],{"id":138547},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138550,138551],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[42,138553,138555],{"className":44,"code":138554,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,138556,138557,138570,138594,138598],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138558,138559,138561,138563,138565,138568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138560,34832],{"class":58},[52,138562,63],{"class":62},[52,138564,87],{"class":73},[52,138566,138567],{"class":77},"a b c",[52,138569,297],{"class":73},[52,138571,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138573,2626],{"class":58},[52,138575,63],{"class":62},[52,138577,42993],{"class":58},[52,138579,35],{"class":66},[52,138581,35144],{"class":155},[52,138583,152],{"class":66},[52,138585,81],{"class":73},[52,138587,87],{"class":73},[52,138589,193],{"class":66},[52,138591,6525],{"class":73},[52,138593,159],{"class":66},[52,138595,138596],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138597,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138599,138600,138602,138604,138606],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138601,149],{"class":148},[52,138603,152],{"class":66},[52,138605,2661],{"class":155},[52,138607,159],{"class":66},[14,138609,164],{},[42,138611,138613],{"className":44,"code":138612,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"abc\n",[49,138614,138615],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138616,138617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138618,138612],{"class":58},[14,138620,138621],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138623,138624,138625,138629,138630,138634],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[26,138626,126514,138627,2292],{"href":129201},[49,138628,60689],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[26,138631,126514,138632,2292],{"href":137084},[49,138633,41804],{}," is often a better choice.",[37,138636,124161],{"id":124160},[14,138638,138639,123972],{},[49,138640,124685],{},[14,138642,127559,138643,2262,138645,127566],{},[49,138644,113198],{},[49,138646,138647],{},"\"Cat\"",[42,138649,138651],{"className":44,"code":138650,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,138652,138653,138666,138696,138700],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138654,138655,138657,138659,138661,138664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138656,34832],{"class":58},[52,138658,63],{"class":62},[52,138660,87],{"class":73},[52,138662,138663],{"class":77},"Cat cat CAT",[52,138665,297],{"class":73},[52,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138669,2626],{"class":58},[52,138671,63],{"class":62},[52,138673,42993],{"class":58},[52,138675,35],{"class":66},[52,138677,35144],{"class":155},[52,138679,152],{"class":66},[52,138681,81],{"class":73},[52,138683,37195],{"class":77},[52,138685,81],{"class":73},[52,138687,193],{"class":66},[52,138689,87],{"class":73},[52,138691,58284],{"class":77},[52,138693,81],{"class":73},[52,138695,159],{"class":66},[52,138697,138698],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138699,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138701,138702,138704,138706,138708],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138703,149],{"class":148},[52,138705,152],{"class":66},[52,138707,2661],{"class":155},[52,138709,159],{"class":66},[14,138711,164],{},[42,138713,138715],{"className":44,"code":138714,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Cat dog CAT\n",[49,138716,138717],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138718,138719,138722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138720,138721],{"class":58},"Cat dog ",[52,138723,138724],{"class":34597},"CAT\n",[14,138726,138727,138728,138730],{},"Only the lowercase ",[49,138729,113198],{}," was replaced.",[14,138732,138733],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138735,138736,138737,35],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[26,138738,126514,138739,2292],{"href":124241},[49,138740,124244],{},[37,138742,4073,138744,12063],{"id":138743},"what-replace-returns",[49,138745,124685],{},[14,138747,138748,138750],{},[49,138749,124685],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138752,138753],{},"If no match is found:",[227,138755,138756,138759],{},[230,138757,138758],{},"no error happens",[230,138760,138761],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138763,511],{},[42,138765,138767],{"className":44,"code":138766,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,138768,138769,138781,138811,138815],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138770,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138772,34832],{"class":58},[52,138774,63],{"class":62},[52,138776,87],{"class":73},[52,138778,4241],{"class":77},[52,138780,297],{"class":73},[52,138782,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138784,2626],{"class":58},[52,138786,63],{"class":62},[52,138788,42993],{"class":58},[52,138790,35],{"class":66},[52,138792,35144],{"class":155},[52,138794,152],{"class":66},[52,138796,81],{"class":73},[52,138798,2570],{"class":77},[52,138800,81],{"class":73},[52,138802,193],{"class":66},[52,138804,87],{"class":73},[52,138806,12102],{"class":77},[52,138808,81],{"class":73},[52,138810,159],{"class":66},[52,138812,138813],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,138814,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,138816,138817,138819,138821,138823],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,138818,149],{"class":148},[52,138820,152],{"class":66},[52,138822,2661],{"class":155},[52,138824,159],{"class":66},[14,138826,164],{},[42,138828,138830],{"className":44,"code":138829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"hello\n",[49,138831,138832],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138833,138834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138835,138829],{"class":58},[14,138837,138838],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[42,138840,138842],{"className":44,"code":138841,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[49,138843,138844,138856],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138847,34832],{"class":58},[52,138849,63],{"class":62},[52,138851,87],{"class":73},[52,138853,60564],{"class":77},[52,138855,297],{"class":73},[52,138857,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138859,130353],{"class":58},[52,138861,63],{"class":62},[52,138863,42993],{"class":58},[52,138865,35],{"class":66},[52,138867,35144],{"class":155},[52,138869,152],{"class":66},[52,138871,81],{"class":73},[52,138873,60749],{"class":77},[52,138875,81],{"class":73},[52,138877,193],{"class":66},[52,138879,87],{"class":73},[52,138881,408],{"class":77},[52,138883,81],{"class":73},[52,138885,159],{"class":66},[14,138887,138888],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[42,138890,138892],{"className":44,"code":138891,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[49,138893,138894,138906],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138895,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138897,34832],{"class":58},[52,138899,63],{"class":62},[52,138901,87],{"class":73},[52,138903,60564],{"class":77},[52,138905,297],{"class":73},[52,138907,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138909,34832],{"class":58},[52,138911,63],{"class":62},[52,138913,42993],{"class":58},[52,138915,35],{"class":66},[52,138917,35144],{"class":155},[52,138919,152],{"class":66},[52,138921,81],{"class":73},[52,138923,60749],{"class":77},[52,138925,81],{"class":73},[52,138927,193],{"class":66},[52,138929,87],{"class":73},[52,138931,408],{"class":77},[52,138933,81],{"class":73},[52,138935,159],{"class":66},[37,138937,4915],{"id":4914},[14,138939,138940,138941,84],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[49,138942,124685],{},[227,138944,138945,138948,138952,138955],{},[230,138946,138947],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[230,138949,8849,138950,131734],{},[49,138951,124685],{},[230,138953,138954],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[230,138956,37352,138957,138959],{},[49,138958,124685],{}," with regex-based replacements",[487,138961,138963,138964,138966],{"id":138962},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[49,138965,124685],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138968,138969,138970,84],{},"This does not update ",[49,138971,34853],{},[42,138973,138975],{"className":44,"code":138974,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,138976,138977,138989,139015],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,138978,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138980,34832],{"class":58},[52,138982,63],{"class":62},[52,138984,87],{"class":73},[52,138986,138000],{"class":77},[52,138988,297],{"class":73},[52,138990,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,138992,34853],{"class":58},[52,138994,35],{"class":66},[52,138996,35144],{"class":155},[52,138998,152],{"class":66},[52,139000,81],{"class":73},[52,139002,138021],{"class":77},[52,139004,81],{"class":73},[52,139006,193],{"class":66},[52,139008,87],{"class":73},[52,139010,138030],{"class":77},[52,139012,81],{"class":73},[52,139014,159],{"class":66},[52,139016,139017,139019,139021,139023],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,139018,149],{"class":148},[52,139020,152],{"class":66},[52,139022,34853],{"class":155},[52,139024,159],{"class":66},[14,139026,164],{},[42,139028,139029],{"className":44,"code":138248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,139030,139031],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139032,139033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139034,138248],{"class":58},[14,139036,11172],{},[42,139038,139040],{"className":44,"code":139039,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[49,139041,139042,139054,139084],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139043,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139045,34832],{"class":58},[52,139047,63],{"class":62},[52,139049,87],{"class":73},[52,139051,138000],{"class":77},[52,139053,297],{"class":73},[52,139055,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139057,34832],{"class":58},[52,139059,63],{"class":62},[52,139061,42993],{"class":58},[52,139063,35],{"class":66},[52,139065,35144],{"class":155},[52,139067,152],{"class":66},[52,139069,81],{"class":73},[52,139071,138021],{"class":77},[52,139073,81],{"class":73},[52,139075,193],{"class":66},[52,139077,87],{"class":73},[52,139079,138030],{"class":77},[52,139081,81],{"class":73},[52,139083,159],{"class":66},[52,139085,139086,139088,139090,139092],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,139087,149],{"class":148},[52,139089,152],{"class":66},[52,139091,34853],{"class":155},[52,139093,159],{"class":66},[14,139095,164],{},[42,139097,139098],{"className":44,"code":138049,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,139099,139100],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139101,139102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139103,138049],{"class":58},[487,139105,139107],{"id":139106},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[42,139109,139111],{"className":44,"code":139110,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[49,139112,139113,139125],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139114,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139116,34832],{"class":58},[52,139118,63],{"class":62},[52,139120,87],{"class":73},[52,139122,35012],{"class":77},[52,139124,297],{"class":73},[52,139126,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139128,149],{"class":148},[52,139130,152],{"class":66},[52,139132,34853],{"class":155},[52,139134,35],{"class":66},[52,139136,35144],{"class":155},[52,139138,152],{"class":66},[52,139140,81],{"class":73},[52,139142,4241],{"class":77},[52,139144,81],{"class":73},[52,139146,193],{"class":66},[52,139148,87],{"class":73},[52,139150,90095],{"class":77},[52,139152,81],{"class":73},[52,139154,742],{"class":66},[14,139156,164],{},[42,139158,139159],{"className":44,"code":89108,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,139160,139161],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139162,139163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139164,89108],{"class":58},[14,139166,139167,139168,2262,139170,139172],{},"Nothing changed because ",[49,139169,64693],{},[49,139171,90577],{}," are not the same.",[487,139174,139176],{"id":139175},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[42,139178,139180],{"className":44,"code":139179,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[49,139181,139182,139195],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139183,139184,139186,139188,139190,139193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139185,34832],{"class":58},[52,139187,63],{"class":62},[52,139189,87],{"class":73},[52,139191,139192],{"class":77},"red red red",[52,139194,297],{"class":73},[52,139196,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139198,149],{"class":148},[52,139200,152],{"class":66},[52,139202,34853],{"class":155},[52,139204,35],{"class":66},[52,139206,35144],{"class":155},[52,139208,152],{"class":66},[52,139210,81],{"class":73},[52,139212,13448],{"class":77},[52,139214,81],{"class":73},[52,139216,193],{"class":66},[52,139218,87],{"class":73},[52,139220,13465],{"class":77},[52,139222,81],{"class":73},[52,139224,742],{"class":66},[14,139226,164],{},[42,139228,139230],{"className":44,"code":139229,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"blue blue blue\n",[49,139231,139232],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139233,139234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139235,139229],{"class":58},[14,139237,139238,139239,84],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[49,139240,41410],{},[42,139242,139244],{"className":44,"code":139243,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[49,139245,139246,139258],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139247,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139249,34832],{"class":58},[52,139251,63],{"class":62},[52,139253,87],{"class":73},[52,139255,139192],{"class":77},[52,139257,297],{"class":73},[52,139259,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139261,149],{"class":148},[52,139263,152],{"class":66},[52,139265,34853],{"class":155},[52,139267,35],{"class":66},[52,139269,35144],{"class":155},[52,139271,152],{"class":66},[52,139273,81],{"class":73},[52,139275,13448],{"class":77},[52,139277,81],{"class":73},[52,139279,193],{"class":66},[52,139281,87],{"class":73},[52,139283,13465],{"class":77},[52,139285,81],{"class":73},[52,139287,193],{"class":66},[52,139289,5895],{"class":110},[52,139291,742],{"class":66},[14,139293,164],{},[42,139295,139297],{"className":44,"code":139296,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"blue red red\n",[49,139298,139299],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139300,139301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139302,139296],{"class":58},[487,139304,139306,139307,139309],{"id":139305},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[49,139308,124685],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139311,139312],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[227,139314,139315,139322,139329],{},[230,139316,340,139317,139321],{},[26,139318,139319],{"href":129201},[49,139320,60689],{}," to break a string into a list",[230,139323,340,139324,139328],{},[26,139325,139326],{"href":137084},[49,139327,41804],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[230,139330,340,139331,139333],{},[49,139332,124685],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[37,139335,2220],{"id":2219},[487,139337,13061,139339,124841],{"id":139338},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[49,139340,124685],{},[14,139342,139343],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[487,139345,139347],{"id":139346},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139349,139350],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[487,139352,139354],{"id":139353},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139356,139357],{},"Use the third argument:",[42,139359,139361],{"className":44,"code":139360,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[49,139362,139363],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139364,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139366,34853],{"class":58},[52,139368,35],{"class":66},[52,139370,35144],{"class":155},[52,139372,152],{"class":66},[52,139374,138111],{"class":155},[52,139376,193],{"class":66},[52,139378,138116],{"class":155},[52,139380,193],{"class":66},[52,139382,5895],{"class":110},[52,139384,159],{"class":66},[487,139386,5567,139388,139390],{"id":139387},"can-replace-remove-text",[49,139389,124685],{}," remove text?",[14,139392,139393],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[42,139395,139397],{"className":44,"code":139396,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[49,139398,139399],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139400,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139402,34853],{"class":58},[52,139404,35],{"class":66},[52,139406,35144],{"class":155},[52,139408,152],{"class":66},[52,139410,81],{"class":73},[52,139412,2570],{"class":77},[52,139414,81],{"class":73},[52,139416,193],{"class":66},[52,139418,6525],{"class":73},[52,139420,159],{"class":66},[487,139422,15257,139424,124850],{"id":139423},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[49,139425,124685],{},[14,139427,130043],{},[37,139429,2277],{"id":2276},[227,139431,139432,139436,139442,139448,139454],{},[230,139433,139434],{},[26,139435,124920],{"href":124682},[230,139437,139438],{},[26,139439,126514,139440,2292],{"href":129201},[49,139441,60689],{},[230,139443,139444],{},[26,139445,126514,139446,2292],{"href":137084},[49,139447,41804],{},[230,139449,139450],{},[26,139451,126514,139452,2292],{"href":124241},[49,139453,124244],{},[230,139455,139456],{},[26,139457,125269],{"href":51130},[2315,139459,139460],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":139462},[139463,139464,139466,139469,139470,139474,139478,139479,139481,139489,139499],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":138064,"depth":70,"text":139465},"What replace() does",{"id":5827,"depth":70,"text":5828,"children":139467},[139468],{"id":17529,"depth":98,"text":17530},{"id":6184,"depth":70,"text":6185},{"id":138279,"depth":70,"text":138280,"children":139471},[139472,139473],{"id":138293,"depth":98,"text":138294},{"id":138374,"depth":98,"text":138375},{"id":138462,"depth":70,"text":138463,"children":139475},[139476,139477],{"id":138471,"depth":98,"text":138472},{"id":138547,"depth":98,"text":138548},{"id":124160,"depth":70,"text":124161},{"id":138743,"depth":70,"text":139480},"What replace() returns",{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":4915,"children":139482},[139483,139485,139486,139487],{"id":138962,"depth":98,"text":139484},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139106,"depth":98,"text":139107},{"id":139175,"depth":98,"text":139176},{"id":139305,"depth":98,"text":139488},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":139490},[139491,139493,139494,139495,139497],{"id":139338,"depth":98,"text":139492},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139346,"depth":98,"text":139347},{"id":139353,"depth":98,"text":139354},{"id":139387,"depth":98,"text":139496},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139423,"depth":98,"text":139498},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137949,"description":139500},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139507,"title":139508,"body":139509,"description":141528,"extension":2357,"meta":141529,"navigation":141,"path":141530,"seo":141531,"stem":141532,"__hash__":141533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139510,"toc":141492},[139511,139516,139521,139524,139535,139537,139592,139597,139602,139609,139611,139626,139628,139684,139686,139724,139729,139731,139755,139758,139771,139776,139778,139810,139812,139845,139851,139856,139859,139869,139872,139874,139930,139932,139982,139985,139993,139996,140052,140054,140127,140140,140148,140152,140163,140166,140169,140222,140224,140256,140259,140313,140315,140350,140353,140358,140363,140368,140371,140373,140431,140433,140467,140469,140484,140487,140489,140531,140533,140559,140564,140572,140575,140577,140659,140661,140712,140715,140726,140734,140736,140809,140811,140829,140833,140836,140840,140867,140869,140877,140881,140916,140918,140931,140935,140938,140977,140979,140996,141001,141006,141017,141020,141031,141033,141035,141061,141064,141113,141115,141132,141135,141137,141189,141191,141223,141226,141284,141289,141291,141296,141399,141401,141415,141417,141424,141429,141434,141439,141444,141449,141452,141456,141461,141463,141489],[10,139512,123514,139514,11684],{"id":139513},"python-string-split-method",[49,139515,60689],{},[14,139517,123519,139518,139520],{},[49,139519,60689],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139522,139523],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[227,139525,139526,139529,139532],{},[230,139527,139528],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[230,139530,139531],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[230,139533,139534],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[37,139536,40],{"id":39},[42,139538,139540],{"className":44,"code":139539,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[49,139541,139542,139555,139577,139587],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139543,139544,139546,139548,139550,139553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139545,34832],{"class":58},[52,139547,63],{"class":62},[52,139549,87],{"class":73},[52,139551,139552],{"class":77},"apple,banana,cherry",[52,139554,297],{"class":73},[52,139556,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139558,42988],{"class":58},[52,139560,63],{"class":62},[52,139562,42993],{"class":58},[52,139564,35],{"class":66},[52,139566,34613],{"class":155},[52,139568,152],{"class":66},[52,139570,81],{"class":73},[52,139572,193],{"class":77},[52,139574,81],{"class":73},[52,139576,159],{"class":66},[52,139578,139579,139581,139583,139585],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,139580,149],{"class":148},[52,139582,152],{"class":66},[52,139584,43020],{"class":155},[52,139586,159],{"class":66},[52,139588,139589],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,139590,139591],{"class":1017},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139593,340,139594,139596],{},[49,139595,60689],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[37,139598,4073,139600,4076],{"id":139599},"what-split-does",[49,139601,60689],{},[14,139603,139604,132562,139606,35],{},[49,139605,60689],{},[18,139607,139608],{},"string method",[14,139610,49081],{},[227,139612,139613,139616,139621],{},[230,139614,139615],{},"divides a string into parts",[230,139617,119816,139618],{},[18,139619,139620],{},"new list of strings",[230,139622,119822,139623,139625],{},[18,139624,1006],{}," change the original string",[14,139627,511],{},[42,139629,139631],{"className":44,"code":139630,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[49,139632,139633,139646,139660,139664,139674],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139634,139635,139637,139639,139641,139644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139636,34832],{"class":58},[52,139638,63],{"class":62},[52,139640,87],{"class":73},[52,139642,139643],{"class":77},"red blue green",[52,139645,297],{"class":73},[52,139647,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139649,42988],{"class":58},[52,139651,63],{"class":62},[52,139653,42993],{"class":58},[52,139655,35],{"class":66},[52,139657,34613],{"class":155},[52,139659,650],{"class":66},[52,139661,139662],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,139663,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,139665,139666,139668,139670,139672],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,139667,149],{"class":148},[52,139669,152],{"class":66},[52,139671,34853],{"class":155},[52,139673,159],{"class":66},[52,139675,139676,139678,139680,139682],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,139677,149],{"class":148},[52,139679,152],{"class":66},[52,139681,43020],{"class":155},[52,139683,159],{"class":66},[14,139685,164],{},[42,139687,139689],{"className":44,"code":139688,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[49,139690,139691,139696],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139692,139693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139694,139695],{"class":58},"red blue green\n",[52,139697,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139699,1709],{"class":66},[52,139701,177],{"class":73},[52,139703,13448],{"class":77},[52,139705,177],{"class":73},[52,139707,193],{"class":66},[52,139709,186],{"class":73},[52,139711,13465],{"class":77},[52,139713,177],{"class":73},[52,139715,193],{"class":66},[52,139717,186],{"class":73},[52,139719,17591],{"class":77},[52,139721,177],{"class":73},[52,139723,4030],{"class":66},[14,139725,139726,139727,35],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[26,139728,125269],{"href":51130},[37,139730,2553],{"id":2552},[42,139732,139734],{"className":44,"code":139733,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[49,139735,139736],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139737,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139739,61332],{"class":58},[52,139741,35],{"class":66},[52,139743,34613],{"class":155},[52,139745,152],{"class":66},[52,139747,133918],{"class":155},[52,139749,193],{"class":66},[52,139751,139752],{"class":155}," maxsplit",[52,139754,159],{"class":66},[14,139756,139757],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[227,139759,139760,139765],{},[230,139761,139762,139764],{},[49,139763,133918],{}," tells Python where to split",[230,139766,139767,139770],{},[49,139768,139769],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139772,9271,139773,139775],{},[49,139774,133918],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139777,511],{},[42,139779,139781],{"className":44,"code":139780,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[49,139782,139783,139796],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139784,139785,139787,139789,139791,139794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139786,34832],{"class":58},[52,139788,63],{"class":62},[52,139790,87],{"class":73},[52,139792,139793],{"class":77},"one two three",[52,139795,297],{"class":73},[52,139797,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139799,149],{"class":148},[52,139801,152],{"class":66},[52,139803,34853],{"class":155},[52,139805,35],{"class":66},[52,139807,34613],{"class":155},[52,139809,2058],{"class":66},[14,139811,164],{},[42,139813,139815],{"className":44,"code":139814,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[49,139816,139817],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139818,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139820,1709],{"class":66},[52,139822,177],{"class":73},[52,139824,6983],{"class":77},[52,139826,177],{"class":73},[52,139828,193],{"class":66},[52,139830,186],{"class":73},[52,139832,79430],{"class":77},[52,139834,177],{"class":73},[52,139836,193],{"class":66},[52,139838,186],{"class":73},[52,139840,134400],{"class":77},[52,139842,177],{"class":73},[52,139844,4030],{"class":66},[37,139846,8813,139848,139850],{"id":139847},"using-split-with-no-separator",[49,139849,60689],{}," with no separator",[14,139852,70333,139853,139855],{},[49,139854,60689],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139857,139858],{},"Whitespace includes:",[227,139860,139861,139863,139866],{},[230,139862,10822],{},[230,139864,139865],{},"tabs",[230,139867,139868],{},"new lines",[14,139870,139871],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139873,511],{},[42,139875,139877],{"className":44,"code":139876,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[49,139878,139879,139902,139916,139920],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887,139890,139893,139895,139897,139900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139882,34832],{"class":58},[52,139884,63],{"class":62},[52,139886,87],{"class":73},[52,139888,139889],{"class":77},"Python   is",[52,139891,139892],{"class":34597},"\\t",[52,139894,133654],{"class":77},[52,139896,87312],{"class":34597},[52,139898,139899],{"class":77},"and useful",[52,139901,297],{"class":73},[52,139903,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,139905,42988],{"class":58},[52,139907,63],{"class":62},[52,139909,42993],{"class":58},[52,139911,35],{"class":66},[52,139913,34613],{"class":155},[52,139915,650],{"class":66},[52,139917,139918],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,139919,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,139921,139922,139924,139926,139928],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,139923,149],{"class":148},[52,139925,152],{"class":66},[52,139927,43020],{"class":155},[52,139929,159],{"class":66},[14,139931,164],{},[42,139933,139935],{"className":44,"code":139934,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[49,139936,139937],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,139938,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139978,139980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139940,1709],{"class":66},[52,139942,177],{"class":73},[52,139944,408],{"class":77},[52,139946,177],{"class":73},[52,139948,193],{"class":66},[52,139950,186],{"class":73},[52,139952,12551],{"class":77},[52,139954,177],{"class":73},[52,139956,193],{"class":66},[52,139958,186],{"class":73},[52,139960,133654],{"class":77},[52,139962,177],{"class":73},[52,139964,193],{"class":66},[52,139966,186],{"class":73},[52,139968,130279],{"class":77},[52,139970,177],{"class":73},[52,139972,193],{"class":66},[52,139974,186],{"class":73},[52,139976,139977],{"class":77},"useful",[52,139979,177],{"class":73},[52,139981,4030],{"class":66},[14,139983,139984],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[487,139986,139988,10954,139990],{"id":139987},"split-vs-split",[49,139989,60689],{},[49,139991,139992],{},"split(' ')",[14,139994,139995],{},"These are not the same.",[42,139997,139999],{"className":44,"code":139998,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[49,140000,140001,140014,140018,140032],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140002,140003,140005,140007,140009,140012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140004,34832],{"class":58},[52,140006,63],{"class":62},[52,140008,87],{"class":73},[52,140010,140011],{"class":77},"a  b   c",[52,140013,297],{"class":73},[52,140015,140016],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140017,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,140019,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140021,149],{"class":148},[52,140023,152],{"class":66},[52,140025,34853],{"class":155},[52,140027,35],{"class":66},[52,140029,34613],{"class":155},[52,140031,2058],{"class":66},[52,140033,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,140035,149],{"class":148},[52,140037,152],{"class":66},[52,140039,34853],{"class":155},[52,140041,35],{"class":66},[52,140043,34613],{"class":155},[52,140045,152],{"class":66},[52,140047,81],{"class":73},[52,140049,87],{"class":73},[52,140051,742],{"class":66},[14,140053,164],{},[42,140055,140057],{"className":44,"code":140056,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[49,140058,140059,140087],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140062,1709],{"class":66},[52,140064,177],{"class":73},[52,140066,26],{"class":77},[52,140068,177],{"class":73},[52,140070,193],{"class":66},[52,140072,186],{"class":73},[52,140074,5157],{"class":77},[52,140076,177],{"class":73},[52,140078,193],{"class":66},[52,140080,186],{"class":73},[52,140082,10111],{"class":77},[52,140084,177],{"class":73},[52,140086,4030],{"class":66},[52,140088,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140090,1709],{"class":66},[52,140092,177],{"class":73},[52,140094,26],{"class":77},[52,140096,177],{"class":73},[52,140098,193],{"class":66},[52,140100,4234],{"class":73},[52,140102,193],{"class":66},[52,140104,186],{"class":73},[52,140106,5157],{"class":77},[52,140108,177],{"class":73},[52,140110,193],{"class":66},[52,140112,4234],{"class":73},[52,140114,193],{"class":66},[52,140116,4234],{"class":73},[52,140118,193],{"class":66},[52,140120,186],{"class":73},[52,140122,10111],{"class":77},[52,140124,177],{"class":73},[52,140126,4030],{"class":66},[227,140128,140129,140134],{},[230,140130,140131,140133],{},[49,140132,60689],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[230,140135,140136,140139],{},[49,140137,140138],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140141,140142,140143,140147],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[26,140144,126514,140145,2292],{"href":137084},[49,140146,41804],{}," is often useful.",[37,140149,140151],{"id":140150},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140153,140154,140155,2203,140158,2589,140160,35],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[49,140156,140157],{},"\",\"",[49,140159,133753],{},[49,140161,140162],{},"\"::\"",[14,140164,140165],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140167,140168],{},"Example with commas:",[42,140170,140172],{"className":44,"code":140171,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[49,140173,140174,140186,140208,140212],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140175,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140177,34832],{"class":58},[52,140179,63],{"class":62},[52,140181,87],{"class":73},[52,140183,139552],{"class":77},[52,140185,297],{"class":73},[52,140187,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140189,42988],{"class":58},[52,140191,63],{"class":62},[52,140193,42993],{"class":58},[52,140195,35],{"class":66},[52,140197,34613],{"class":155},[52,140199,152],{"class":66},[52,140201,81],{"class":73},[52,140203,193],{"class":77},[52,140205,81],{"class":73},[52,140207,159],{"class":66},[52,140209,140210],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140211,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,140213,140214,140216,140218,140220],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,140215,149],{"class":148},[52,140217,152],{"class":66},[52,140219,43020],{"class":155},[52,140221,159],{"class":66},[14,140223,164],{},[42,140225,140226],{"className":44,"code":78609,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,140227,140228],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140229,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140231,1709],{"class":66},[52,140233,177],{"class":73},[52,140235,4474],{"class":77},[52,140237,177],{"class":73},[52,140239,193],{"class":66},[52,140241,186],{"class":73},[52,140243,4483],{"class":77},[52,140245,177],{"class":73},[52,140247,193],{"class":66},[52,140249,186],{"class":73},[52,140251,4492],{"class":77},[52,140253,177],{"class":73},[52,140255,4030],{"class":66},[14,140257,140258],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[42,140260,140262],{"className":44,"code":140261,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[49,140263,140264,140277,140299,140303],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140265,140266,140268,140270,140272,140275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140267,34832],{"class":58},[52,140269,63],{"class":62},[52,140271,87],{"class":73},[52,140273,140274],{"class":77},"2024::10::31",[52,140276,297],{"class":73},[52,140278,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140280,42988],{"class":58},[52,140282,63],{"class":62},[52,140284,42993],{"class":58},[52,140286,35],{"class":66},[52,140288,34613],{"class":155},[52,140290,152],{"class":66},[52,140292,81],{"class":73},[52,140294,76826],{"class":77},[52,140296,81],{"class":73},[52,140298,159],{"class":66},[52,140300,140301],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140302,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,140304,140305,140307,140309,140311],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,140306,149],{"class":148},[52,140308,152],{"class":66},[52,140310,43020],{"class":155},[52,140312,159],{"class":66},[14,140314,164],{},[42,140316,140318],{"className":44,"code":140317,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[49,140319,140320],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140321,140322,140324,140326,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140346,140348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140323,1709],{"class":66},[52,140325,177],{"class":73},[52,140327,140328],{"class":77},"2024",[52,140330,177],{"class":73},[52,140332,193],{"class":66},[52,140334,186],{"class":73},[52,140336,2728],{"class":77},[52,140338,177],{"class":73},[52,140340,193],{"class":66},[52,140342,186],{"class":73},[52,140344,140345],{"class":77},"31",[52,140347,177],{"class":73},[52,140349,4030],{"class":66},[14,140351,140352],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140354,140355,140356,35],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[26,140357,129198],{"href":129197},[37,140359,8813,140361],{"id":140360},"using-maxsplit",[49,140362,139769],{},[14,140364,140365,140367],{},[49,140366,139769],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140369,140370],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140372,511],{},[42,140374,140376],{"className":44,"code":140375,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[49,140377,140378,140391,140417,140421],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140379,140380,140382,140384,140386,140389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140381,34832],{"class":58},[52,140383,63],{"class":62},[52,140385,87],{"class":73},[52,140387,140388],{"class":77},"name:age:city:country",[52,140390,297],{"class":73},[52,140392,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140394,42988],{"class":58},[52,140396,63],{"class":62},[52,140398,42993],{"class":58},[52,140400,35],{"class":66},[52,140402,34613],{"class":155},[52,140404,152],{"class":66},[52,140406,81],{"class":73},[52,140408,84],{"class":77},[52,140410,81],{"class":73},[52,140412,193],{"class":66},[52,140414,1570],{"class":110},[52,140416,159],{"class":66},[52,140418,140419],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140420,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,140422,140423,140425,140427,140429],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,140424,149],{"class":148},[52,140426,152],{"class":66},[52,140428,43020],{"class":155},[52,140430,159],{"class":66},[14,140432,164],{},[42,140434,140436],{"className":44,"code":140435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[49,140437,140438],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140439,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140463,140465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140441,1709],{"class":66},[52,140443,177],{"class":73},[52,140445,78],{"class":77},[52,140447,177],{"class":73},[52,140449,193],{"class":66},[52,140451,186],{"class":73},[52,140453,103],{"class":77},[52,140455,177],{"class":73},[52,140457,193],{"class":66},[52,140459,186],{"class":73},[52,140461,140462],{"class":77},"city:country",[52,140464,177],{"class":73},[52,140466,4030],{"class":66},[14,140468,2575],{},[227,140470,140471,140476,140481],{},[230,140472,140473,140474],{},"Python splits at the first ",[49,140475,84],{},[230,140477,140478,140479],{},"then splits at the second ",[49,140480,84],{},[230,140482,140483],{},"then stops",[14,140485,140486],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140488,52235],{},[42,140490,140492],{"className":44,"code":140491,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[49,140493,140494,140507],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140495,140496,140498,140500,140502,140505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140497,34832],{"class":58},[52,140499,63],{"class":62},[52,140501,87],{"class":73},[52,140503,140504],{"class":77},"apple banana cherry grape",[52,140506,297],{"class":73},[52,140508,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140510,149],{"class":148},[52,140512,152],{"class":66},[52,140514,34853],{"class":155},[52,140516,35],{"class":66},[52,140518,34613],{"class":155},[52,140520,152],{"class":66},[52,140522,81],{"class":73},[52,140524,87],{"class":73},[52,140526,193],{"class":66},[52,140528,5895],{"class":110},[52,140530,742],{"class":66},[14,140532,164],{},[42,140534,140536],{"className":44,"code":140535,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[49,140537,140538],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140539,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140555,140557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140541,1709],{"class":66},[52,140543,177],{"class":73},[52,140545,4474],{"class":77},[52,140547,177],{"class":73},[52,140549,193],{"class":66},[52,140551,186],{"class":73},[52,140553,140554],{"class":77},"banana cherry grape",[52,140556,177],{"class":73},[52,140558,4030],{"class":66},[37,140560,4073,140562,12063],{"id":140561},"what-split-returns",[49,140563,60689],{},[14,140565,140566,140567,140569,140570,35],{},"The result of ",[49,140568,60689],{}," is always a ",[18,140571,8488],{},[14,140573,140574],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140576,511],{},[42,140578,140580],{"className":44,"code":140579,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[49,140581,140582,140595,140617,140621,140631,140645],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140583,140584,140586,140588,140590,140593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140585,34832],{"class":58},[52,140587,63],{"class":62},[52,140589,87],{"class":73},[52,140591,140592],{"class":77},"cat,dog,bird",[52,140594,297],{"class":73},[52,140596,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140598,42988],{"class":58},[52,140600,63],{"class":62},[52,140602,42993],{"class":58},[52,140604,35],{"class":66},[52,140606,34613],{"class":155},[52,140608,152],{"class":66},[52,140610,81],{"class":73},[52,140612,193],{"class":77},[52,140614,81],{"class":73},[52,140616,159],{"class":66},[52,140618,140619],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140620,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,140624,149],{"class":148},[52,140626,152],{"class":66},[52,140628,43020],{"class":155},[52,140630,159],{"class":66},[52,140632,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,140634,149],{"class":148},[52,140636,152],{"class":66},[52,140638,734],{"class":646},[52,140640,152],{"class":66},[52,140642,43020],{"class":155},[52,140644,742],{"class":66},[52,140646,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655,140657],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,140648,149],{"class":148},[52,140650,152],{"class":66},[52,140652,43020],{"class":155},[52,140654,1709],{"class":66},[52,140656,2514],{"class":110},[52,140658,1718],{"class":66},[14,140660,164],{},[42,140662,140664],{"className":44,"code":140663,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[49,140665,140666,140694,140708],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140667,140668,140670,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140669,1709],{"class":66},[52,140671,177],{"class":73},[52,140673,37195],{"class":77},[52,140675,177],{"class":73},[52,140677,193],{"class":66},[52,140679,186],{"class":73},[52,140681,58284],{"class":77},[52,140683,177],{"class":73},[52,140685,193],{"class":66},[52,140687,186],{"class":73},[52,140689,58301],{"class":77},[52,140691,177],{"class":73},[52,140693,4030],{"class":66},[52,140695,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704,140706],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140697,771],{"class":62},[52,140699,775],{"class":774},[52,140701,186],{"class":73},[52,140703,8488],{"class":77},[52,140705,177],{"class":73},[52,140707,785],{"class":62},[52,140709,140710],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140711,85628],{"class":58},[14,140713,140714],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[227,140716,140717,140720,140723],{},[230,140718,140719],{},"loop over it",[230,140721,140722],{},"access items by index",[230,140724,140725],{},"combine items again later",[14,140727,140728,140729,35],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[26,140730,126514,140732,2292],{"href":140731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[49,140733,133596],{},[14,140735,511],{},[42,140737,140739],{"className":44,"code":140738,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[49,140740,140741,140773,140795,140799],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140744,42988],{"class":58},[52,140746,63],{"class":62},[52,140748,4017],{"class":66},[52,140750,177],{"class":73},[52,140752,37195],{"class":77},[52,140754,177],{"class":73},[52,140756,193],{"class":66},[52,140758,186],{"class":73},[52,140760,58284],{"class":77},[52,140762,177],{"class":73},[52,140764,193],{"class":66},[52,140766,186],{"class":73},[52,140768,58301],{"class":77},[52,140770,177],{"class":73},[52,140772,4030],{"class":66},[52,140774,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140776,34832],{"class":58},[52,140778,63],{"class":62},[52,140780,87],{"class":73},[52,140782,2416],{"class":77},[52,140784,81],{"class":73},[52,140786,35],{"class":66},[52,140788,133673],{"class":155},[52,140790,152],{"class":66},[52,140792,43020],{"class":155},[52,140794,159],{"class":66},[52,140796,140797],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,140798,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,140800,140801,140803,140805,140807],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,140802,149],{"class":148},[52,140804,152],{"class":66},[52,140806,34853],{"class":155},[52,140808,159],{"class":66},[14,140810,164],{},[42,140812,140814],{"className":44,"code":140813,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"cat-dog-bird\n",[49,140815,140816],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140817,140818,140820,140822,140824,140826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140819,37195],{"class":58},[52,140821,2416],{"class":62},[52,140823,58284],{"class":58},[52,140825,2416],{"class":62},[52,140827,140828],{"class":58},"bird\n",[37,140830,140832],{"id":140831},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140834,140835],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[487,140837,140839],{"id":140838},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[42,140841,140843],{"className":44,"code":140842,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[49,140844,140845,140853],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140846,140847,140849,140851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140848,34832],{"class":58},[52,140850,63],{"class":62},[52,140852,8276],{"class":73},[52,140854,140855,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140856,149],{"class":148},[52,140858,152],{"class":66},[52,140860,34853],{"class":155},[52,140862,35],{"class":66},[52,140864,34613],{"class":155},[52,140866,2058],{"class":66},[14,140868,164],{},[42,140870,140871],{"className":44,"code":38446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,140872,140873],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140874,140875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140876,38446],{"class":66},[487,140878,140880],{"id":140879},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[42,140882,140884],{"className":44,"code":140883,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[49,140885,140886,140894],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140887,140888,140890,140892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140889,34832],{"class":58},[52,140891,63],{"class":62},[52,140893,8276],{"class":73},[52,140895,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140897,149],{"class":148},[52,140899,152],{"class":66},[52,140901,34853],{"class":155},[52,140903,35],{"class":66},[52,140905,34613],{"class":155},[52,140907,152],{"class":66},[52,140909,81],{"class":73},[52,140911,193],{"class":77},[52,140913,81],{"class":73},[52,140915,742],{"class":66},[14,140917,164],{},[42,140919,140921],{"className":44,"code":140920,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['']\n",[49,140922,140923],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140924,140925,140927,140929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140926,1709],{"class":66},[52,140928,4170],{"class":73},[52,140930,4030],{"class":66},[487,140932,140934],{"id":140933},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140936,140937],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[42,140939,140941],{"className":44,"code":140940,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[49,140942,140943,140955],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140944,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140946,34832],{"class":58},[52,140948,63],{"class":62},[52,140950,87],{"class":73},[52,140952,4241],{"class":77},[52,140954,297],{"class":73},[52,140956,140957,140959,140961,140963,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,140958,149],{"class":148},[52,140960,152],{"class":66},[52,140962,34853],{"class":155},[52,140964,35],{"class":66},[52,140966,34613],{"class":155},[52,140968,152],{"class":66},[52,140970,81],{"class":73},[52,140972,193],{"class":77},[52,140974,81],{"class":73},[52,140976,742],{"class":66},[14,140978,164],{},[42,140980,140982],{"className":44,"code":140981,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"['hello']\n",[49,140983,140984],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,140985,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140987,1709],{"class":66},[52,140989,177],{"class":73},[52,140991,4241],{"class":77},[52,140993,177],{"class":73},[52,140995,4030],{"class":66},[37,140997,5358,140999],{"id":140998},"when-to-use-split",[49,141000,60689],{},[14,141002,340,141003,141005],{},[49,141004,60689],{}," when you need to:",[227,141007,141008,141011,141014],{},[230,141009,141010],{},"split a sentence into words",[230,141012,141013],{},"split comma-separated values",[230,141015,141016],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,141018,141019],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[227,141021,141022,141025,141028],{},[230,141023,141024],{},"cleaning text",[230,141026,141027],{},"parsing user input",[230,141029,141030],{},"processing simple file content",[37,141032,1743],{"id":1742},[14,141034,84399],{},[227,141036,141037,141041,141047,141050,141058],{},[230,141038,50660,141039,131734],{},[49,141040,60689],{},[230,141042,141043,141044,141046],{},"forgetting that ",[49,141045,60689],{}," returns a list, not a string",[230,141048,141049],{},"using the wrong separator",[230,141051,141052,141053,141055,141056],{},"assuming ",[49,141054,139992],{}," behaves the same as ",[49,141057,60689],{},[230,141059,141060],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,141062,141063],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[42,141065,141067],{"className":44,"code":141066,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[49,141068,141069,141081,141099,141103],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141072,34832],{"class":58},[52,141074,63],{"class":62},[52,141076,87],{"class":73},[52,141078,42981],{"class":77},[52,141080,297],{"class":73},[52,141082,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141084,34853],{"class":58},[52,141086,35],{"class":66},[52,141088,34613],{"class":155},[52,141090,152],{"class":66},[52,141092,81],{"class":73},[52,141094,193],{"class":77},[52,141096,81],{"class":73},[52,141098,159],{"class":66},[52,141100,141101],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141102,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,141104,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141106,149],{"class":148},[52,141108,152],{"class":66},[52,141110,34853],{"class":155},[52,141112,159],{"class":66},[14,141114,164],{},[42,141116,141118],{"className":44,"code":141117,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a,b,c\n",[49,141119,141120],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141121,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141123,26],{"class":58},[52,141125,193],{"class":66},[52,141127,5157],{"class":58},[52,141129,193],{"class":66},[52,141131,69405],{"class":58},[14,141133,141134],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141136,11172],{},[42,141138,141139],{"className":44,"code":42968,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,141140,141141,141153,141175,141179],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141142,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141144,34832],{"class":58},[52,141146,63],{"class":62},[52,141148,87],{"class":73},[52,141150,42981],{"class":77},[52,141152,297],{"class":73},[52,141154,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141156,42988],{"class":58},[52,141158,63],{"class":62},[52,141160,42993],{"class":58},[52,141162,35],{"class":66},[52,141164,34613],{"class":155},[52,141166,152],{"class":66},[52,141168,81],{"class":73},[52,141170,193],{"class":77},[52,141172,81],{"class":73},[52,141174,159],{"class":66},[52,141176,141177],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141178,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,141180,141181,141183,141185,141187],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141182,149],{"class":148},[52,141184,152],{"class":66},[52,141186,43020],{"class":155},[52,141188,159],{"class":66},[14,141190,164],{},[42,141192,141193],{"className":44,"code":43027,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,141194,141195],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141196,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141198,1709],{"class":66},[52,141200,177],{"class":73},[52,141202,26],{"class":77},[52,141204,177],{"class":73},[52,141206,193],{"class":66},[52,141208,186],{"class":73},[52,141210,5157],{"class":77},[52,141212,177],{"class":73},[52,141214,193],{"class":66},[52,141216,186],{"class":73},[52,141218,10111],{"class":77},[52,141220,177],{"class":73},[52,141222,4030],{"class":66},[14,141224,141225],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[42,141227,141229],{"className":44,"code":141228,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[49,141230,141231,141244,141266,141270],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141232,141233,141235,141237,141239,141242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141234,34832],{"class":58},[52,141236,63],{"class":62},[52,141238,87],{"class":73},[52,141240,141241],{"class":77},"apple,banana",[52,141243,297],{"class":73},[52,141245,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141247,42988],{"class":58},[52,141249,63],{"class":62},[52,141251,42993],{"class":58},[52,141253,35],{"class":66},[52,141255,34613],{"class":155},[52,141257,152],{"class":66},[52,141259,81],{"class":73},[52,141261,193],{"class":77},[52,141263,81],{"class":73},[52,141265,159],{"class":66},[52,141267,141268],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141269,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,141271,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141273,149],{"class":148},[52,141275,152],{"class":66},[52,141277,43020],{"class":155},[52,141279,1709],{"class":66},[52,141281,2451],{"class":110},[52,141283,1718],{"class":66},[14,141285,141286,141287,35],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[26,141288,69418],{"href":69417},[487,141290,60868],{"id":60867},[14,141292,9271,141293,141295],{},[49,141294,60689],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[42,141297,141299],{"className":44,"code":141298,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[49,141300,141301,141311,141325,141347,141373],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141302,141303,141305,141307,141309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141304,149],{"class":148},[52,141306,152],{"class":66},[52,141308,34853],{"class":155},[52,141310,159],{"class":66},[52,141312,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141314,149],{"class":148},[52,141316,152],{"class":66},[52,141318,34853],{"class":155},[52,141320,35],{"class":66},[52,141322,34613],{"class":155},[52,141324,2058],{"class":66},[52,141326,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141328,149],{"class":148},[52,141330,152],{"class":66},[52,141332,34853],{"class":155},[52,141334,35],{"class":66},[52,141336,34613],{"class":155},[52,141338,152],{"class":66},[52,141340,177],{"class":73},[52,141342,193],{"class":77},[52,141344,177],{"class":73},[52,141346,742],{"class":66},[52,141348,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141350,149],{"class":148},[52,141352,152],{"class":66},[52,141354,2082],{"class":148},[52,141356,152],{"class":66},[52,141358,34853],{"class":155},[52,141360,35],{"class":66},[52,141362,34613],{"class":155},[52,141364,152],{"class":66},[52,141366,177],{"class":73},[52,141368,193],{"class":77},[52,141370,177],{"class":73},[52,141372,1291],{"class":66},[52,141374,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,141376,149],{"class":148},[52,141378,152],{"class":66},[52,141380,734],{"class":646},[52,141382,152],{"class":66},[52,141384,34853],{"class":155},[52,141386,35],{"class":66},[52,141388,34613],{"class":155},[52,141390,152],{"class":66},[52,141392,177],{"class":73},[52,141394,193],{"class":77},[52,141396,177],{"class":73},[52,141398,1291],{"class":66},[14,141400,11534],{},[227,141402,141403,141406,141409,141412],{},[230,141404,141405],{},"what the original string looks like",[230,141407,141408],{},"which separator works",[230,141410,141411],{},"how many items were created",[230,141413,141414],{},"that the result is a list",[37,141416,2220],{"id":2219},[487,141418,2259,141420,2262,141422,2265],{"id":141419},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[49,141421,60689],{},[49,141423,139992],{},[14,141425,141426,141428],{},[49,141427,60689],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141430,141431,141433],{},[49,141432,139992],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[487,141435,13061,141437,124841],{"id":141436},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[49,141438,60689],{},[14,141440,141441,141442,56635],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[49,141443,60689],{},[487,141445,5539,141447,40110],{"id":141446},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[49,141448,139769],{},[14,141450,141451],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[487,141453,141455],{"id":141454},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141457,29202,141458,141460],{},[49,141459,60689],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[37,141462,2277],{"id":2276},[227,141464,141465,141469,141475,141481,141485],{},[230,141466,141467],{},[26,141468,130119],{"href":129197},[230,141470,141471],{},[26,141472,126514,141473,2292],{"href":140731},[49,141474,133596],{},[230,141476,141477],{},[26,141478,126514,141479,2292],{"href":137084},[49,141480,41804],{},[230,141482,141483],{},[26,141484,125269],{"href":51130},[230,141486,141487],{},[26,141488,69418],{"href":69417},[2315,141490,141491],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":141493},[141494,141495,141497,141498,141503,141504,141506,141508,141513,141515,141518,141527],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":139599,"depth":70,"text":141496},"What split() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":139847,"depth":70,"text":141499,"children":141500},"Using split() with no separator",[141501],{"id":139987,"depth":98,"text":141502},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140150,"depth":70,"text":140151},{"id":140360,"depth":70,"text":141505},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140561,"depth":70,"text":141507},"What split() returns",{"id":140831,"depth":70,"text":140832,"children":141509},[141510,141511,141512],{"id":140838,"depth":98,"text":140839},{"id":140879,"depth":98,"text":140880},{"id":140933,"depth":98,"text":140934},{"id":140998,"depth":70,"text":141514},"When to use split()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":141516},[141517],{"id":60867,"depth":98,"text":60868},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":141519},[141520,141522,141524,141526],{"id":141419,"depth":98,"text":141521},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141436,"depth":98,"text":141523},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141446,"depth":98,"text":141525},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141454,"depth":98,"text":141455},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139508,"description":141528},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141535,"title":141536,"body":141537,"description":143480,"extension":2357,"meta":143481,"navigation":141,"path":143482,"seo":143483,"stem":143484,"__hash__":143485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141538,"toc":143439},[141539,141544,141549,141556,141629,141634,141639,141644,141660,141662,141732,141734,141736,141756,141758,141803,141808,141810,141908,141913,141917,141922,141926,141929,141971,141975,141978,142023,142027,142030,142080,142084,142089,142141,142143,142148,142159,142164,142244,142246,142258,142267,142274,142289,142291,142406,142412,142416,142419,142424,142566,142569,142576,142578,142582,142590,142659,142665,142714,142719,142724,142726,142746,142748,142814,142816,142820,142823,142827,142868,142870,142903,142908,142911,142938,142940,142983,142990,142995,143005,143071,143075,143083,143088,143139,143143,143146,143148,143157,143159,143209,143211,143318,143320,143325,143332,143338,143341,143372,143377,143379,143386,143394,143403,143406,143408,143436],[10,141540,123514,141542,11684],{"id":141541},"python-string-startswith-method",[49,141543,127882],{},[14,141545,123519,141546,141548],{},[49,141547,127882],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141550,126580,141551,30,141553,141555],{},[49,141552,862],{},[49,141554,4069],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[42,141557,141559],{"className":44,"code":141558,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[49,141560,141561,141574,141578,141603],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141562,141563,141565,141567,141569,141572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141564,34832],{"class":58},[52,141566,63],{"class":62},[52,141568,87],{"class":73},[52,141570,141571],{"class":77},"Python Beginner Help",[52,141573,297],{"class":73},[52,141575,141576],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141577,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,141579,141580,141582,141584,141586,141588,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141581,149],{"class":148},[52,141583,152],{"class":66},[52,141585,34853],{"class":155},[52,141587,35],{"class":66},[52,141589,141590],{"class":155},"startswith",[52,141592,152],{"class":66},[52,141594,81],{"class":73},[52,141596,408],{"class":77},[52,141598,81],{"class":73},[52,141600,5758],{"class":66},[52,141602,44007],{"class":1017},[52,141604,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141622,141624,141626],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141606,149],{"class":148},[52,141608,152],{"class":66},[52,141610,34853],{"class":155},[52,141612,35],{"class":66},[52,141614,141590],{"class":155},[52,141616,152],{"class":66},[52,141618,81],{"class":73},[52,141620,141621],{"class":77},"Beginner",[52,141623,81],{"class":73},[52,141625,5758],{"class":66},[52,141627,141628],{"class":1017}," # False\n",[14,141630,340,141631,141633],{},[49,141632,127882],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[37,141635,4073,141637,4076],{"id":141636},"what-startswith-does",[49,141638,127882],{},[14,141640,141641,141643],{},[49,141642,127882],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[227,141645,141646,141649,141655,141657],{},[230,141647,141648],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[230,141650,5545,141651,30,141653],{},[49,141652,862],{},[49,141654,4069],{},[230,141656,123657],{},[230,141658,141659],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141661,511],{},[42,141663,141665],{"className":44,"code":141664,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[49,141666,141667,141679,141683,141708],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141668,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141670,8271],{"class":58},[52,141672,63],{"class":62},[52,141674,87],{"class":73},[52,141676,408],{"class":77},[52,141678,297],{"class":73},[52,141680,141681],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141682,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,141684,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141702,141704,141706],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141686,149],{"class":148},[52,141688,152],{"class":66},[52,141690,78],{"class":155},[52,141692,35],{"class":66},[52,141694,141590],{"class":155},[52,141696,152],{"class":66},[52,141698,81],{"class":73},[52,141700,141701],{"class":77},"Py",[52,141703,81],{"class":73},[52,141705,5758],{"class":66},[52,141707,44007],{"class":1017},[52,141709,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141711,149],{"class":148},[52,141713,152],{"class":66},[52,141715,78],{"class":155},[52,141717,35],{"class":66},[52,141719,141590],{"class":155},[52,141721,152],{"class":66},[52,141723,81],{"class":73},[52,141725,128960],{"class":77},[52,141727,81],{"class":73},[52,141729,5758],{"class":66},[52,141731,44024],{"class":1017},[37,141733,2553],{"id":2552},[14,141735,42536],{},[42,141737,141739],{"className":44,"code":141738,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[49,141740,141741],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141742,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141744,61332],{"class":58},[52,141746,35],{"class":66},[52,141748,141590],{"class":155},[52,141750,152],{"class":66},[52,141752,141753],{"class":155},"prefix",[52,141755,159],{"class":66},[14,141757,30906],{},[42,141759,141761],{"className":44,"code":141760,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[49,141762,141763,141781],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141764,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141766,61332],{"class":58},[52,141768,35],{"class":66},[52,141770,141590],{"class":155},[52,141772,152],{"class":66},[52,141774,141753],{"class":155},[52,141776,193],{"class":66},[52,141778,36198],{"class":155},[52,141780,159],{"class":66},[52,141782,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141784,61332],{"class":58},[52,141786,35],{"class":66},[52,141788,141590],{"class":155},[52,141790,152],{"class":66},[52,141792,141753],{"class":155},[52,141794,193],{"class":66},[52,141796,36198],{"class":155},[52,141798,193],{"class":66},[52,141800,65199],{"class":155},[52,141802,159],{"class":66},[14,141804,20908,141805,141807],{},[49,141806,141753],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141809,511],{},[42,141811,141813],{"className":44,"code":141812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[49,141814,141815,141827,141831,141856,141880],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141816,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141818,34832],{"class":58},[52,141820,63],{"class":62},[52,141822,87],{"class":73},[52,141824,60564],{"class":77},[52,141826,297],{"class":73},[52,141828,141829],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141830,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,141832,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,141834,149],{"class":148},[52,141836,152],{"class":66},[52,141838,34853],{"class":155},[52,141840,35],{"class":66},[52,141842,141590],{"class":155},[52,141844,152],{"class":66},[52,141846,81],{"class":73},[52,141848,4241],{"class":77},[52,141850,81],{"class":73},[52,141852,5758],{"class":66},[52,141854,141855],{"class":1017},"      # True\n",[52,141857,141858,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,141859,149],{"class":148},[52,141861,152],{"class":66},[52,141863,34853],{"class":155},[52,141865,35],{"class":66},[52,141867,141590],{"class":155},[52,141869,152],{"class":66},[52,141871,81],{"class":73},[52,141873,60749],{"class":77},[52,141875,81],{"class":73},[52,141877,5758],{"class":66},[52,141879,21338],{"class":1017},[52,141881,141882,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,141883,149],{"class":148},[52,141885,152],{"class":66},[52,141887,34853],{"class":155},[52,141889,35],{"class":66},[52,141891,141590],{"class":155},[52,141893,152],{"class":66},[52,141895,81],{"class":73},[52,141897,60749],{"class":77},[52,141899,81],{"class":73},[52,141901,193],{"class":66},[52,141903,37792],{"class":110},[52,141905,5758],{"class":66},[52,141907,44007],{"class":1017},[14,141909,141910,141911,35],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[26,141912,125269],{"href":51130},[37,141914,141916],{"id":141915},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141918,141919,141921],{},[49,141920,127882],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[487,141923,141924],{"id":141753},[49,141925,141753],{},[14,141927,141928],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[42,141930,141932],{"className":44,"code":141931,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[49,141933,141934,141946],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141935,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141937,34832],{"class":58},[52,141939,63],{"class":62},[52,141941,87],{"class":73},[52,141943,4483],{"class":77},[52,141945,297],{"class":73},[52,141947,141948,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141965,141967,141969],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141949,149],{"class":148},[52,141951,152],{"class":66},[52,141953,34853],{"class":155},[52,141955,35],{"class":66},[52,141957,141590],{"class":155},[52,141959,152],{"class":66},[52,141961,81],{"class":73},[52,141963,141964],{"class":77},"ban",[52,141966,81],{"class":73},[52,141968,5758],{"class":66},[52,141970,4059],{"class":1017},[487,141972,141973],{"id":36219},[49,141974,36219],{},[14,141976,141977],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[42,141979,141981],{"className":44,"code":141980,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[49,141982,141983,141995],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,141984,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141986,34832],{"class":58},[52,141988,63],{"class":62},[52,141990,87],{"class":73},[52,141992,60564],{"class":77},[52,141994,297],{"class":73},[52,141996,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,141998,149],{"class":148},[52,142000,152],{"class":66},[52,142002,34853],{"class":155},[52,142004,35],{"class":66},[52,142006,141590],{"class":155},[52,142008,152],{"class":66},[52,142010,81],{"class":73},[52,142012,60749],{"class":77},[52,142014,81],{"class":73},[52,142016,193],{"class":66},[52,142018,37792],{"class":110},[52,142020,5758],{"class":66},[52,142022,4059],{"class":1017},[487,142024,142025],{"id":52816},[49,142026,52816],{},[14,142028,142029],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[42,142031,142033],{"className":44,"code":142032,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[49,142034,142035,142047],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142036,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142038,34832],{"class":58},[52,142040,63],{"class":62},[52,142042,87],{"class":73},[52,142044,60564],{"class":77},[52,142046,297],{"class":73},[52,142048,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142050,149],{"class":148},[52,142052,152],{"class":66},[52,142054,34853],{"class":155},[52,142056,35],{"class":66},[52,142058,141590],{"class":155},[52,142060,152],{"class":66},[52,142062,81],{"class":73},[52,142064,142065],{"class":77},"wor",[52,142067,81],{"class":73},[52,142069,193],{"class":66},[52,142071,37792],{"class":110},[52,142073,193],{"class":66},[52,142075,54292],{"class":110},[52,142077,5758],{"class":66},[52,142079,4059],{"class":1017},[487,142081,142083],{"id":142082},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,142085,142086,142088],{},[49,142087,141753],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[42,142090,142092],{"className":44,"code":142091,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[49,142093,142094,142107],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142095,142096,142098,142100,142102,142105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142097,126597],{"class":58},[52,142099,63],{"class":62},[52,142101,87],{"class":73},[52,142103,142104],{"class":77},"img_001.png",[52,142106,297],{"class":73},[52,142108,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142126,142128,142130,142132,142135,142137,142139],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142110,149],{"class":148},[52,142112,152],{"class":66},[52,142114,126615],{"class":155},[52,142116,35],{"class":66},[52,142118,141590],{"class":155},[52,142120,5908],{"class":66},[52,142122,81],{"class":73},[52,142124,142125],{"class":77},"img_",[52,142127,81],{"class":73},[52,142129,193],{"class":66},[52,142131,87],{"class":73},[52,142133,142134],{"class":77},"photo_",[52,142136,81],{"class":73},[52,142138,51246],{"class":66},[52,142140,4059],{"class":1017},[37,142142,17554],{"id":17553},[14,142144,142145,142147],{},[49,142146,127882],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[227,142149,142150,142155],{},[230,142151,142152,142154],{},[49,142153,862],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[230,142156,142157,127199],{},[49,142158,4069],{},[14,142160,142161,142162,7570],{},"This makes it useful in ",[49,142163,7395],{},[42,142165,142167],{"className":44,"code":142166,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[49,142168,142169,142183,142187,142208,142223,142229],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142170,142171,142174,142176,142178,142181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142172,142173],{"class":58},"command ",[52,142175,63],{"class":62},[52,142177,87],{"class":73},[52,142179,142180],{"class":77},"\u002Fhelp",[52,142182,297],{"class":73},[52,142184,142185],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142186,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142188,142189,142191,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142190,7395],{"class":4272},[52,142192,142193],{"class":58}," command",[52,142195,35],{"class":66},[52,142197,141590],{"class":155},[52,142199,152],{"class":66},[52,142201,81],{"class":73},[52,142203,127406],{"class":77},[52,142205,81],{"class":73},[52,142207,8737],{"class":66},[52,142209,142210,142212,142214,142216,142219,142221],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,142211,8463],{"class":148},[52,142213,152],{"class":66},[52,142215,81],{"class":73},[52,142217,142218],{"class":77},"This looks like a command.",[52,142220,81],{"class":73},[52,142222,159],{"class":66},[52,142224,142225,142227],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,142226,27574],{"class":4272},[52,142228,6792],{"class":66},[52,142230,142231,142233,142235,142237,142240,142242],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142232,8463],{"class":148},[52,142234,152],{"class":66},[52,142236,81],{"class":73},[52,142238,142239],{"class":77},"This is normal text.",[52,142241,81],{"class":73},[52,142243,159],{"class":66},[14,142245,164],{},[42,142247,142249],{"className":44,"code":142248,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"This looks like a command.\n",[49,142250,142251],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142252,142253,142256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142254,142255],{"class":58},"This looks like a command",[52,142257,122546],{"class":66},[37,142259,8813,142261,9101,142263,2262,142265],{"id":142260},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[49,142262,127882],{},[49,142264,36219],{},[49,142266,52816],{},[14,142268,2374,142269,2262,142271,142273],{},[49,142270,36219],{},[49,142272,52816],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[227,142275,142276,142281,142286],{},[230,142277,142278,142280],{},[49,142279,36219],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[230,142282,142283,142285],{},[49,142284,52816],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[230,142287,142288],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142290,511],{},[42,142292,142294],{"className":44,"code":142293,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[49,142295,142296,142308,142312,142341,142374],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142297,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142299,34832],{"class":58},[52,142301,63],{"class":62},[52,142303,87],{"class":73},[52,142305,139793],{"class":77},[52,142307,297],{"class":73},[52,142309,142310],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142311,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142315,149],{"class":148},[52,142317,152],{"class":66},[52,142319,34853],{"class":155},[52,142321,35],{"class":66},[52,142323,141590],{"class":155},[52,142325,152],{"class":66},[52,142327,81],{"class":73},[52,142329,79430],{"class":77},[52,142331,81],{"class":73},[52,142333,193],{"class":66},[52,142335,2856],{"class":110},[52,142337,5758],{"class":66},[52,142339,142340],{"class":1017},"        # True\n",[52,142342,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142370,142372],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,142344,149],{"class":148},[52,142346,152],{"class":66},[52,142348,34853],{"class":155},[52,142350,35],{"class":66},[52,142352,141590],{"class":155},[52,142354,152],{"class":66},[52,142356,81],{"class":73},[52,142358,134400],{"class":77},[52,142360,81],{"class":73},[52,142362,193],{"class":66},[52,142364,6758],{"class":110},[52,142366,193],{"class":66},[52,142368,142369],{"class":110}," 13",[52,142371,5758],{"class":66},[52,142373,4059],{"class":1017},[52,142375,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,142377,149],{"class":148},[52,142379,152],{"class":66},[52,142381,34853],{"class":155},[52,142383,35],{"class":66},[52,142385,141590],{"class":155},[52,142387,152],{"class":66},[52,142389,81],{"class":73},[52,142391,134400],{"class":77},[52,142393,81],{"class":73},[52,142395,193],{"class":66},[52,142397,6758],{"class":110},[52,142399,193],{"class":66},[52,142401,31085],{"class":110},[52,142403,5758],{"class":66},[52,142405,5168],{"class":1017},[14,142407,142408,142409,142411],{},"In the last example, the ",[49,142410,52816],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[37,142413,142415],{"id":142414},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142417,142418],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142420,142421,142422,49502],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[49,142423,40987],{},[42,142425,142427],{"className":44,"code":142426,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[49,142428,142429,142443,142457,142471,142475,142499,142503,142524,142545],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142430,142431,142434,142436,142438,142441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142432,142433],{"class":58},"filename1 ",[52,142435,63],{"class":62},[52,142437,87],{"class":73},[52,142439,142440],{"class":77},"img_101.jpg",[52,142442,297],{"class":73},[52,142444,142445,142448,142450,142452,142455],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142446,142447],{"class":58},"filename2 ",[52,142449,63],{"class":62},[52,142451,87],{"class":73},[52,142453,142454],{"class":77},"photo_202.jpg",[52,142456,297],{"class":73},[52,142458,142459,142462,142464,142466,142469],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142460,142461],{"class":58},"filename3 ",[52,142463,63],{"class":62},[52,142465,87],{"class":73},[52,142467,142468],{"class":77},"doc_303.jpg",[52,142470,297],{"class":73},[52,142472,142473],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,142474,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142476,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,142478,127809],{"class":58},[52,142480,63],{"class":62},[52,142482,1118],{"class":66},[52,142484,81],{"class":73},[52,142486,142125],{"class":77},[52,142488,81],{"class":73},[52,142490,193],{"class":66},[52,142492,87],{"class":73},[52,142494,142134],{"class":77},[52,142496,81],{"class":73},[52,142498,159],{"class":66},[52,142500,142501],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,142502,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142504,142505,142507,142509,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,142506,149],{"class":148},[52,142508,152],{"class":66},[52,142510,142511],{"class":155},"filename1",[52,142513,35],{"class":66},[52,142515,141590],{"class":155},[52,142517,152],{"class":66},[52,142519,127861],{"class":155},[52,142521,5758],{"class":66},[52,142523,4059],{"class":1017},[52,142525,142526,142528,142530,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,142527,149],{"class":148},[52,142529,152],{"class":66},[52,142531,142532],{"class":155},"filename2",[52,142534,35],{"class":66},[52,142536,141590],{"class":155},[52,142538,152],{"class":66},[52,142540,127861],{"class":155},[52,142542,5758],{"class":66},[52,142544,4059],{"class":1017},[52,142546,142547,142549,142551,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,142548,149],{"class":148},[52,142550,152],{"class":66},[52,142552,142553],{"class":155},"filename3",[52,142555,35],{"class":66},[52,142557,141590],{"class":155},[52,142559,152],{"class":66},[52,142561,127861],{"class":155},[52,142563,5758],{"class":66},[52,142565,5168],{"class":1017},[14,142567,142568],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142570,74931,142571,142575],{},[26,142572,126514,142573,2292],{"href":130108},[49,142574,126572],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[37,142577,124161],{"id":124160},[14,142579,142580,123972],{},[49,142581,127882],{},[14,142583,127559,142584,2262,142587,127566],{},[49,142585,142586],{},"\"Python\"",[49,142588,142589],{},"\"python\"",[42,142591,142593],{"className":44,"code":142592,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[49,142594,142595,142607,142611,142635],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142596,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142598,34832],{"class":58},[52,142600,63],{"class":62},[52,142602,87],{"class":73},[52,142604,408],{"class":77},[52,142606,297],{"class":73},[52,142608,142609],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142610,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142612,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142614,149],{"class":148},[52,142616,152],{"class":66},[52,142618,34853],{"class":155},[52,142620,35],{"class":66},[52,142622,141590],{"class":155},[52,142624,152],{"class":66},[52,142626,81],{"class":73},[52,142628,141701],{"class":77},[52,142630,81],{"class":73},[52,142632,5758],{"class":66},[52,142634,4059],{"class":1017},[52,142636,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,142638,149],{"class":148},[52,142640,152],{"class":66},[52,142642,34853],{"class":155},[52,142644,35],{"class":66},[52,142646,141590],{"class":155},[52,142648,152],{"class":66},[52,142650,81],{"class":73},[52,142652,128960],{"class":77},[52,142654,81],{"class":73},[52,142656,5758],{"class":66},[52,142658,5168],{"class":1017},[14,142660,127651,142661,35],{},[26,142662,142663],{"href":124241},[49,142664,124244],{},[42,142666,142668],{"className":44,"code":142667,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[49,142669,142670,142682,142686],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142671,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142673,34832],{"class":58},[52,142675,63],{"class":62},[52,142677,87],{"class":73},[52,142679,408],{"class":77},[52,142681,297],{"class":73},[52,142683,142684],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142685,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142687,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142689,149],{"class":148},[52,142691,152],{"class":66},[52,142693,34853],{"class":155},[52,142695,35],{"class":66},[52,142697,9037],{"class":155},[52,142699,9034],{"class":66},[52,142701,141590],{"class":155},[52,142703,152],{"class":66},[52,142705,81],{"class":73},[52,142707,128960],{"class":77},[52,142709,81],{"class":73},[52,142711,5758],{"class":66},[52,142713,4059],{"class":1017},[37,142715,5358,142717],{"id":142716},"when-to-use-startswith",[49,142718,127882],{},[14,142720,142721,142723],{},[49,142722,127882],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142725,9751],{},[227,142727,142728,142731,142734,142743],{},[230,142729,142730],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[230,142732,142733],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[230,142735,142736,142737,30,142740],{},"Validating text formats like ",[49,142738,142739],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[49,142741,142742],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[230,142744,142745],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142747,511],{},[42,142749,142751],{"className":44,"code":142750,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[49,142752,142753,142766,142770,142799],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142754,142755,142757,142759,142761,142764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142756,127377],{"class":58},[52,142758,63],{"class":62},[52,142760,87],{"class":73},[52,142762,142763],{"class":77},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[52,142765,297],{"class":73},[52,142767,142768],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142769,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142771,142772,142774,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142773,7395],{"class":4272},[52,142775,142776],{"class":58}," url",[52,142778,35],{"class":66},[52,142780,141590],{"class":155},[52,142782,5908],{"class":66},[52,142784,81],{"class":73},[52,142786,142739],{"class":77},[52,142788,81],{"class":73},[52,142790,193],{"class":66},[52,142792,87],{"class":73},[52,142794,142742],{"class":77},[52,142796,81],{"class":73},[52,142798,69722],{"class":66},[52,142800,142801,142803,142805,142807,142810,142812],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,142802,8463],{"class":148},[52,142804,152],{"class":66},[52,142806,81],{"class":73},[52,142808,142809],{"class":77},"This looks like a web URL.",[52,142811,81],{"class":73},[52,142813,159],{"class":66},[37,142815,1743],{"id":1742},[14,142817,23233,142818,35],{},[49,142819,127882],{},[487,142821,138954],{"id":142822},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142824,142825,123972],{},[49,142826,127882],{},[42,142828,142830],{"className":44,"code":142829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[49,142831,142832,142844],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142833,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142835,34832],{"class":58},[52,142837,63],{"class":62},[52,142839,87],{"class":73},[52,142841,408],{"class":77},[52,142843,297],{"class":73},[52,142845,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142847,149],{"class":148},[52,142849,152],{"class":66},[52,142851,34853],{"class":155},[52,142853,35],{"class":66},[52,142855,141590],{"class":155},[52,142857,152],{"class":66},[52,142859,81],{"class":73},[52,142861,46],{"class":77},[52,142863,81],{"class":73},[52,142865,5758],{"class":66},[52,142867,5168],{"class":1017},[14,142869,39411],{},[42,142871,142873],{"className":44,"code":142872,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[49,142874,142875],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142876,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142878,149],{"class":148},[52,142880,152],{"class":66},[52,142882,34853],{"class":155},[52,142884,35],{"class":66},[52,142886,9037],{"class":155},[52,142888,9034],{"class":66},[52,142890,141590],{"class":155},[52,142892,152],{"class":66},[52,142894,81],{"class":73},[52,142896,46],{"class":77},[52,142898,81],{"class":73},[52,142900,5758],{"class":66},[52,142902,4059],{"class":1017},[487,142904,29791,142906,137436],{"id":142905},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[49,142907,127882],{},[14,142909,142910],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[42,142912,142914],{"className":44,"code":142913,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[49,142915,142916,142924,142928,142933],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142917,142918,142920,142922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142919,2845],{"class":58},[52,142921,63],{"class":62},[52,142923,125196],{"class":110},[52,142925,142926],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142927,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,142929,142930],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,142931,142932],{"class":1017},"# This will cause an error:\n",[52,142934,142935],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,142936,142937],{"class":1017},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142939,39411],{},[42,142941,142943],{"className":44,"code":142942,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[49,142944,142945,142959],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,142946,142947,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142948,2845],{"class":58},[52,142950,63],{"class":62},[52,142952,49058],{"class":646},[52,142954,152],{"class":66},[52,142956,50400],{"class":110},[52,142958,159],{"class":66},[52,142960,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977,142979,142981],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,142962,149],{"class":148},[52,142964,152],{"class":66},[52,142966,263],{"class":155},[52,142968,35],{"class":66},[52,142970,141590],{"class":155},[52,142972,152],{"class":66},[52,142974,81],{"class":73},[52,142976,1565],{"class":77},[52,142978,81],{"class":73},[52,142980,5758],{"class":66},[52,142982,4059],{"class":1017},[487,142984,37352,142986,9101,142988],{"id":142985},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[49,142987,127882],{},[49,142989,4279],{},[14,142991,142992,142994],{},[49,142993,127882],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142996,142997,142998,143000,143001,35],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[49,142999,4279],{}," or methods like ",[26,143002,143003],{"href":124524},[49,143004,124509],{},[42,143006,143008],{"className":44,"code":143007,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[49,143009,143010,143022,143026,143050],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143011,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143013,34832],{"class":58},[52,143015,63],{"class":62},[52,143017,87],{"class":73},[52,143019,60564],{"class":77},[52,143021,297],{"class":73},[52,143023,143024],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143025,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,143027,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143029,149],{"class":148},[52,143031,152],{"class":66},[52,143033,34853],{"class":155},[52,143035,35],{"class":66},[52,143037,141590],{"class":155},[52,143039,152],{"class":66},[52,143041,81],{"class":73},[52,143043,60749],{"class":77},[52,143045,81],{"class":73},[52,143047,5758],{"class":66},[52,143049,5168],{"class":1017},[52,143051,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,143053,149],{"class":148},[52,143055,152],{"class":66},[52,143057,81],{"class":73},[52,143059,60749],{"class":77},[52,143061,81],{"class":73},[52,143063,21311],{"class":4272},[52,143065,42993],{"class":155},[52,143067,4056],{"class":66},[52,143069,143070],{"class":1017},"           # True\n",[14,143072,135988,143073,35],{},[26,143074,127550],{"href":123769},[487,143076,5100,143078,2262,143080,143082],{"id":143077},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[49,143079,36219],{},[49,143081,52816],{}," use index positions",[14,143084,143085,143086,35],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[49,143087,2514],{},[42,143089,143091],{"className":44,"code":143090,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[49,143092,143093,143106,143110],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143094,143095,143097,143099,143101,143104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143096,34832],{"class":58},[52,143098,63],{"class":62},[52,143100,87],{"class":73},[52,143102,143103],{"class":77},"abcdef",[52,143105,297],{"class":73},[52,143107,143108],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143109,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,143111,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143129,143131,143133,143135,143137],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143113,149],{"class":148},[52,143115,152],{"class":66},[52,143117,34853],{"class":155},[52,143119,35],{"class":66},[52,143121,141590],{"class":155},[52,143123,152],{"class":66},[52,143125,81],{"class":73},[52,143127,143128],{"class":77},"cd",[52,143130,81],{"class":73},[52,143132,193],{"class":66},[52,143134,1570],{"class":110},[52,143136,5758],{"class":66},[52,143138,4059],{"class":1017},[487,143140,143142],{"id":143141},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143144,143145],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143147,1773],{},[42,143149,143151],{"className":44,"code":143150,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[49,143152,143153],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143154,143155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143156,143150],{"class":1017},[14,143158,1785],{},[42,143160,143162],{"className":44,"code":143161,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[49,143163,143164,143176],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143165,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143167,34832],{"class":58},[52,143169,63],{"class":62},[52,143171,87],{"class":73},[52,143173,408],{"class":77},[52,143175,297],{"class":73},[52,143177,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143203,143205,143207],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143179,149],{"class":148},[52,143181,152],{"class":66},[52,143183,34853],{"class":155},[52,143185,35],{"class":66},[52,143187,141590],{"class":155},[52,143189,5908],{"class":66},[52,143191,81],{"class":73},[52,143193,141701],{"class":77},[52,143195,81],{"class":73},[52,143197,193],{"class":66},[52,143199,87],{"class":73},[52,143201,143202],{"class":77},"Ja",[52,143204,81],{"class":73},[52,143206,51246],{"class":66},[52,143208,4059],{"class":1017},[14,143210,32225],{},[42,143212,143214],{"className":44,"code":143213,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[49,143215,143216,143226,143240,143262,143288],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143217,143218,143220,143222,143224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143219,149],{"class":148},[52,143221,152],{"class":66},[52,143223,34853],{"class":155},[52,143225,159],{"class":66},[52,143227,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143229,149],{"class":148},[52,143231,152],{"class":66},[52,143233,734],{"class":646},[52,143235,152],{"class":66},[52,143237,34853],{"class":155},[52,143239,742],{"class":66},[52,143241,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143243,149],{"class":148},[52,143245,152],{"class":66},[52,143247,34853],{"class":155},[52,143249,35],{"class":66},[52,143251,141590],{"class":155},[52,143253,152],{"class":66},[52,143255,81],{"class":73},[52,143257,141701],{"class":77},[52,143259,81],{"class":73},[52,143261,742],{"class":66},[52,143263,143264,143266,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280,143282,143284,143286],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,143265,149],{"class":148},[52,143267,152],{"class":66},[52,143269,34853],{"class":155},[52,143271,35],{"class":66},[52,143273,9037],{"class":155},[52,143275,9034],{"class":66},[52,143277,141590],{"class":155},[52,143279,152],{"class":66},[52,143281,81],{"class":73},[52,143283,128960],{"class":77},[52,143285,81],{"class":73},[52,143287,742],{"class":66},[52,143289,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312,143314,143316],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,143291,149],{"class":148},[52,143293,152],{"class":66},[52,143295,34853],{"class":155},[52,143297,35],{"class":66},[52,143299,141590],{"class":155},[52,143301,5908],{"class":66},[52,143303,81],{"class":73},[52,143305,141701],{"class":77},[52,143307,81],{"class":73},[52,143309,193],{"class":66},[52,143311,87],{"class":73},[52,143313,143202],{"class":77},[52,143315,81],{"class":73},[52,143317,1291],{"class":66},[37,143319,2220],{"id":2219},[487,143321,13061,143323,128360],{"id":143322},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[49,143324,127882],{},[14,143326,143327,143328,30,143330,35],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[49,143329,862],{},[49,143331,4069],{},[487,143333,5567,143335,143337],{"id":143334},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[49,143336,127882],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143339,143340],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[42,143342,143344],{"className":44,"code":143343,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[49,143345,143346],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143347,143348,143350,143352,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368,143370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143349,34853],{"class":58},[52,143351,35],{"class":66},[52,143353,141590],{"class":155},[52,143355,5908],{"class":66},[52,143357,81],{"class":73},[52,143359,26],{"class":77},[52,143361,81],{"class":73},[52,143363,193],{"class":66},[52,143365,87],{"class":73},[52,143367,5157],{"class":77},[52,143369,81],{"class":73},[52,143371,742],{"class":66},[487,143373,15257,143375,124850],{"id":143374},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[49,143376,127882],{},[14,143378,130043],{},[487,143380,2259,143382,2262,143384,2265],{"id":143381},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[49,143383,127882],{},[49,143385,4279],{},[14,143387,143388,143390,143391,143393],{},[49,143389,127882],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[49,143392,4279],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[487,143395,28469,143397,2262,143399,9101,143401,2265],{"id":143396},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[49,143398,36219],{},[49,143400,52816],{},[49,143402,127882],{},[14,143404,143405],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[37,143407,2277],{"id":2276},[227,143409,143410,143416,143422,143428,143432],{},[230,143411,143412],{},[26,143413,126514,143414,2292],{"href":130108},[49,143415,126572],{},[230,143417,143418],{},[26,143419,126514,143420,2292],{"href":124524},[49,143421,124509],{},[230,143423,143424],{},[26,143425,126514,143426,2292],{"href":124241},[49,143427,124244],{},[230,143429,143430],{},[26,143431,124913],{"href":123769},[230,143433,143434],{},[26,143435,125269],{"href":51130},[2315,143437,143438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":143440},[143441,143443,143444,143450,143451,143453,143454,143455,143457,143467,143479],{"id":141636,"depth":70,"text":143442},"What startswith() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":141915,"depth":70,"text":141916,"children":143445},[143446,143447,143448,143449],{"id":141753,"depth":98,"text":141753},{"id":36219,"depth":98,"text":36219},{"id":52816,"depth":98,"text":52816},{"id":142082,"depth":98,"text":142083},{"id":17553,"depth":70,"text":17554},{"id":142260,"depth":70,"text":143452},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142414,"depth":70,"text":142415},{"id":124160,"depth":70,"text":124161},{"id":142716,"depth":70,"text":143456},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":143458},[143459,143460,143462,143464,143466],{"id":142822,"depth":98,"text":138954},{"id":142905,"depth":98,"text":143461},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142985,"depth":98,"text":143463},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143077,"depth":98,"text":143465},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143141,"depth":98,"text":143142},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":143468},[143469,143471,143473,143475,143477],{"id":143322,"depth":98,"text":143470},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143334,"depth":98,"text":143472},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143374,"depth":98,"text":143474},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143381,"depth":98,"text":143476},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143396,"depth":98,"text":143478},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141536,"description":143480},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143487,"title":143488,"body":143489,"description":144943,"extension":2357,"meta":144944,"navigation":141,"path":144945,"seo":144946,"stem":144947,"__hash__":144948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143490,"toc":144913},[143491,143496,143501,143504,143506,143550,143552,143560,143565,143570,143575,143577,143595,143597,143643,143645,143659,143668,143672,143674,143676,143688,143693,143696,143728,143730,143739,143744,143747,143788,143790,143798,143800,143813,143819,143823,143826,143842,143844,143893,143895,143904,143907,143966,143968,143977,143984,143987,144040,144042,144066,144073,144079,144083,144089,144092,144103,144105,144145,144147,144155,144157,144197,144199,144208,144210,144228,144231,144238,144249,144252,144269,144271,144348,144350,144381,144384,144386,144389,144415,144417,144457,144459,144468,144478,144486,144494,144499,144504,144506,144520,144522,144573,144575,144584,144594,144596,144598,144620,144623,144702,144704,144740,144743,144818,144823,144825,144831,144836,144841,144844,144850,144853,144860,144868,144872,144880,144882,144910],[10,143492,123514,143494,11684],{"id":143493},"python-string-strip-method",[49,143495,41804],{},[14,143497,32460,143498,143500],{},[49,143499,41804],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143502,143503],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[37,143505,4002],{"id":4001},[42,143507,143509],{"className":44,"code":143508,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[49,143510,143511,143524,143539],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143512,143513,143515,143517,143519,143522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143514,34832],{"class":58},[52,143516,63],{"class":62},[52,143518,87],{"class":73},[52,143520,143521],{"class":77},"  hello  ",[52,143523,297],{"class":73},[52,143525,143526,143529,143531,143533,143535,143537],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143527,143528],{"class":58},"clean_text ",[52,143530,63],{"class":62},[52,143532,42993],{"class":58},[52,143534,35],{"class":66},[52,143536,9031],{"class":155},[52,143538,650],{"class":66},[52,143540,143541,143543,143545,143548],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143542,149],{"class":148},[52,143544,152],{"class":66},[52,143546,143547],{"class":155},"clean_text",[52,143549,159],{"class":66},[14,143551,164],{},[42,143553,143554],{"className":44,"code":138829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,143555,143556],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143557,143558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143559,138829],{"class":58},[14,143561,340,143562,143564],{},[49,143563,41804],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[37,143566,4073,143568,4076],{"id":143567},"what-strip-does",[49,143569,41804],{},[14,143571,143572,143574],{},[49,143573,41804],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143576,13407],{},[227,143578,143579,143583,143586,143589,143592],{},[230,143580,143581,131864],{},[49,143582,41804],{},[230,143584,143585],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[230,143587,143588],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[230,143590,143591],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[230,143593,143594],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143596,511],{},[42,143598,143600],{"className":44,"code":143599,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[49,143601,143602,143615,143619,143633],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143603,143604,143606,143608,143610,143613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143605,34832],{"class":58},[52,143607,63],{"class":62},[52,143609,87],{"class":73},[52,143611,143612],{"class":77},"  hello world  ",[52,143614,297],{"class":73},[52,143616,143617],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143618,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,143620,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143622,149],{"class":148},[52,143624,152],{"class":66},[52,143626,34853],{"class":155},[52,143628,35],{"class":66},[52,143630,9031],{"class":155},[52,143632,2058],{"class":66},[52,143634,143635,143637,143639,143641],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,143636,149],{"class":148},[52,143638,152],{"class":66},[52,143640,34853],{"class":155},[52,143642,159],{"class":66},[14,143644,164],{},[42,143646,143648],{"className":44,"code":143647,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[49,143649,143650,143654],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143651,143652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143653,134530],{"class":58},[52,143655,143656],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143657,143658],{"class":58},"  hello world\n",[14,143660,143661,143662,143664,143665,143667],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[49,143663,41804],{},", but the original ",[49,143666,34853],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143669,125266,143670,35],{},[26,143671,125269],{"href":51130},[37,143673,2553],{"id":2552},[14,143675,26627],{},[227,143677,143678,143683],{},[230,143679,143680],{},[49,143681,143682],{},"string.strip()",[230,143684,143685],{},[49,143686,143687],{},"string.strip(chars)",[487,143689,143691],{"id":143690},"stringstrip",[49,143692,143682],{},[14,143694,143695],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[42,143697,143699],{"className":44,"code":143698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[49,143700,143701,143714],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143702,143703,143705,143707,143709,143712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143704,8271],{"class":58},[52,143706,63],{"class":62},[52,143708,87],{"class":73},[52,143710,143711],{"class":77},"  Alice  ",[52,143713,297],{"class":73},[52,143715,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724,143726],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143717,149],{"class":148},[52,143719,152],{"class":66},[52,143721,78],{"class":155},[52,143723,35],{"class":66},[52,143725,9031],{"class":155},[52,143727,2058],{"class":66},[14,143729,164],{},[42,143731,143733],{"className":44,"code":143732,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Alice\n",[49,143734,143735],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143736,143737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143738,143732],{"class":58},[487,143740,143742],{"id":143741},"stringstripchars",[49,143743,143687],{},[14,143745,143746],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[42,143748,143750],{"className":44,"code":143749,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[49,143751,143752,143765],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143753,143754,143756,143758,143760,143763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143755,34832],{"class":58},[52,143757,63],{"class":62},[52,143759,87],{"class":73},[52,143761,143762],{"class":77},"!!hello??",[52,143764,297],{"class":73},[52,143766,143767,143769,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781,143784,143786],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143768,149],{"class":148},[52,143770,152],{"class":66},[52,143772,34853],{"class":155},[52,143774,35],{"class":66},[52,143776,9031],{"class":155},[52,143778,152],{"class":66},[52,143780,81],{"class":73},[52,143782,143783],{"class":77},"!?",[52,143785,81],{"class":73},[52,143787,742],{"class":66},[14,143789,164],{},[42,143791,143792],{"className":44,"code":138829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,143793,143794],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143795,143796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143797,138829],{"class":58},[14,143799,83980],{},[227,143801,143802,143807],{},[230,143803,143804,143806],{},[49,143805,134773],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[230,143808,143809,143810,143812],{},"The order of characters in ",[49,143811,134773],{}," does not matter",[37,143814,143816,143817],{"id":143815},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[49,143818,41804],{},[14,143820,31027,143821,35],{},[49,143822,41804],{},[14,143824,143825],{},"It is useful for:",[227,143827,143828,143833,143836,143839],{},[230,143829,143830,143831,4282],{},"Cleaning ",[49,143832,3355],{},[230,143834,143835],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[230,143837,143838],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[230,143840,143841],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143843,48515],{},[42,143845,143847],{"className":44,"code":143846,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[49,143848,143849,143862,143878,143882],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143850,143851,143853,143855,143857,143860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143852,8356],{"class":58},[52,143854,63],{"class":62},[52,143856,87],{"class":73},[52,143858,143859],{"class":77},"  sam  ",[52,143861,297],{"class":73},[52,143863,143864,143867,143869,143872,143874,143876],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143865,143866],{"class":58},"clean_username ",[52,143868,63],{"class":62},[52,143870,143871],{"class":58}," username",[52,143873,35],{"class":66},[52,143875,9031],{"class":155},[52,143877,650],{"class":66},[52,143879,143880],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143881,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,143883,143884,143886,143888,143891],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,143885,149],{"class":148},[52,143887,152],{"class":66},[52,143889,143890],{"class":155},"clean_username",[52,143892,159],{"class":66},[14,143894,164],{},[42,143896,143898],{"className":44,"code":143897,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"sam\n",[49,143899,143900],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143901,143902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143903,143897],{"class":58},[14,143905,143906],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[42,143908,143910],{"className":44,"code":143909,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[49,143911,143912,143925,143929,143951],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143913,143914,143916,143918,143920,143923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143915,136757],{"class":58},[52,143917,63],{"class":62},[52,143919,87],{"class":73},[52,143921,143922],{"class":77}," yes  ",[52,143924,297],{"class":73},[52,143926,143927],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,143928,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,143930,143931,143933,143935,143937,143939,143941,143943,143945,143947,143949],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,143932,7395],{"class":4272},[52,143934,136777],{"class":58},[52,143936,35],{"class":66},[52,143938,9031],{"class":155},[52,143940,7762],{"class":66},[52,143942,6807],{"class":62},[52,143944,87],{"class":73},[52,143946,9054],{"class":77},[52,143948,81],{"class":73},[52,143950,6792],{"class":66},[52,143952,143953,143955,143957,143959,143962,143964],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,143954,8463],{"class":148},[52,143956,152],{"class":66},[52,143958,81],{"class":73},[52,143960,143961],{"class":77},"Matched",[52,143963,81],{"class":73},[52,143965,159],{"class":66},[14,143967,164],{},[42,143969,143971],{"className":44,"code":143970,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Matched\n",[49,143972,143973],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143974,143975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143976,143970],{"class":58},[14,143978,143979,143980,35],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[26,143981,143983],{"href":143982},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143985,143986],{},"Example with file-style text:",[42,143988,143990],{"className":44,"code":143989,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[49,143991,143992,144008,144022],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,143993,143994,143997,143999,144001,144004,144006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143995,143996],{"class":58},"line ",[52,143998,63],{"class":62},[52,144000,87],{"class":73},[52,144002,144003],{"class":77},"Python basics",[52,144005,87312],{"class":34597},[52,144007,297],{"class":73},[52,144009,144010,144012,144014,144016,144018,144020],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144011,149],{"class":148},[52,144013,152],{"class":66},[52,144015,41930],{"class":148},[52,144017,152],{"class":66},[52,144019,54],{"class":155},[52,144021,742],{"class":66},[52,144023,144024,144026,144028,144030,144032,144034,144036,144038],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144025,149],{"class":148},[52,144027,152],{"class":66},[52,144029,41930],{"class":148},[52,144031,152],{"class":66},[52,144033,54],{"class":155},[52,144035,35],{"class":66},[52,144037,9031],{"class":155},[52,144039,6688],{"class":66},[14,144041,164],{},[42,144043,144045],{"className":44,"code":144044,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[49,144046,144047,144058],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144048,144049,144051,144053,144056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144050,177],{"class":43480},[52,144052,144003],{"class":43484},[52,144054,87312],{"class":144055},"sfi6f",[52,144057,29841],{"class":43480},[52,144059,144060,144062,144064],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144061,177],{"class":43480},[52,144063,144003],{"class":43484},[52,144065,29841],{"class":43480},[14,144067,8813,144068,144070,144071,35],{},[49,144069,122728],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[49,144072,87312],{},[14,144074,144075,144076,35],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[26,144077,144078],{"href":87965},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[37,144080,144082],{"id":144081},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,144084,144085,144086,35],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[49,144087,144088],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,144090,144091],{},"Python will:",[227,144093,144094,144097,144100],{},[230,144095,144096],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[230,144098,144099],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[230,144101,144102],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144104,511],{},[42,144106,144108],{"className":44,"code":144107,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[49,144109,144110,144123],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144111,144112,144114,144116,144118,144121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144113,34832],{"class":58},[52,144115,63],{"class":62},[52,144117,87],{"class":73},[52,144119,144120],{"class":77},"??hello!!",[52,144122,297],{"class":73},[52,144124,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133,144135,144137,144139,144141,144143],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144126,149],{"class":148},[52,144128,152],{"class":66},[52,144130,34853],{"class":155},[52,144132,35],{"class":66},[52,144134,9031],{"class":155},[52,144136,152],{"class":66},[52,144138,81],{"class":73},[52,144140,143783],{"class":77},[52,144142,81],{"class":73},[52,144144,742],{"class":66},[14,144146,164],{},[42,144148,144149],{"className":44,"code":138829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,144150,144151],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144152,144153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144154,138829],{"class":58},[14,144156,52235],{},[42,144158,144160],{"className":44,"code":144159,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[49,144161,144162,144175],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144163,144164,144166,144168,144170,144173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144165,34832],{"class":58},[52,144167,63],{"class":62},[52,144169,87],{"class":73},[52,144171,144172],{"class":77},"abcHelloCba",[52,144174,297],{"class":73},[52,144176,144177,144179,144181,144183,144185,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144178,149],{"class":148},[52,144180,152],{"class":66},[52,144182,34853],{"class":155},[52,144184,35],{"class":66},[52,144186,9031],{"class":155},[52,144188,152],{"class":66},[52,144190,81],{"class":73},[52,144192,41711],{"class":77},[52,144194,81],{"class":73},[52,144196,742],{"class":66},[14,144198,164],{},[42,144200,144202],{"className":44,"code":144201,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"HelloC\n",[49,144203,144204],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144205,144206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144207,144201],{"class":58},[14,144209,6634],{},[14,144211,144212,14408,144215,144217,144218,144220,144221,2203,144223,2589,144225,144227],{},[49,144213,144214],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[18,144216,1006],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[49,144219,41711],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[49,144222,26],{},[49,144224,5157],{},[49,144226,10111],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144229,144230],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144232,144233,144234,7029],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[26,144235,144236],{"href":130095},[49,144237,124685],{},[37,144239,144241,10954,144243,10954,144246],{"id":144240},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[49,144242,41804],{},[49,144244,144245],{},"lstrip()",[49,144247,144248],{},"rstrip()",[14,144250,144251],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[227,144253,144254,144259,144264],{},[230,144255,144256,144258],{},[49,144257,41804],{}," removes from both ends",[230,144260,144261,144263],{},[49,144262,144245],{}," removes from the left side only",[230,144265,144266,144268],{},[49,144267,144248],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144270,511],{},[42,144272,144274],{"className":44,"code":144273,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[49,144275,144276,144288,144292,144310,144329],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144277,144278,144280,144282,144284,144286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144279,34832],{"class":58},[52,144281,63],{"class":62},[52,144283,87],{"class":73},[52,144285,143521],{"class":77},[52,144287,297],{"class":73},[52,144289,144290],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144291,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,144293,144294,144296,144298,144300,144302,144304,144306,144308],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144295,149],{"class":148},[52,144297,152],{"class":66},[52,144299,41930],{"class":148},[52,144301,152],{"class":66},[52,144303,34853],{"class":155},[52,144305,35],{"class":66},[52,144307,9031],{"class":155},[52,144309,6688],{"class":66},[52,144311,144312,144314,144316,144318,144320,144322,144324,144327],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,144313,149],{"class":148},[52,144315,152],{"class":66},[52,144317,41930],{"class":148},[52,144319,152],{"class":66},[52,144321,34853],{"class":155},[52,144323,35],{"class":66},[52,144325,144326],{"class":155},"lstrip",[52,144328,6688],{"class":66},[52,144330,144331,144333,144335,144337,144339,144341,144343,144346],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,144332,149],{"class":148},[52,144334,152],{"class":66},[52,144336,41930],{"class":148},[52,144338,152],{"class":66},[52,144340,34853],{"class":155},[52,144342,35],{"class":66},[52,144344,144345],{"class":155},"rstrip",[52,144347,6688],{"class":66},[14,144349,164],{},[42,144351,144353],{"className":44,"code":144352,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[49,144354,144355,144363,144372],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144356,144357,144359,144361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144358,177],{"class":43480},[52,144360,4241],{"class":43484},[52,144362,29841],{"class":43480},[52,144364,144365,144367,144370],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144366,177],{"class":43480},[52,144368,144369],{"class":43484},"hello  ",[52,144371,29841],{"class":43480},[52,144373,144374,144376,144379],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144375,177],{"class":43480},[52,144377,144378],{"class":43484},"  hello",[52,144380,29841],{"class":43480},[14,144382,144383],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[37,144385,108522],{"id":108521},[14,144387,144388],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[227,144390,144391,144399,144409,144412],{},[230,144392,144393,144395,144396,144398],{},[49,144394,144214],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[49,144397,41680],{}," once",[230,144400,144401,144402,2203,144404,2589,144406,144408],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[49,144403,26],{},[49,144405,5157],{},[49,144407,10111],{}," from both ends",[230,144410,144411],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[230,144413,144414],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144416,511],{},[42,144418,144420],{"className":44,"code":144419,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[49,144421,144422,144435],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144423,144424,144426,144428,144430,144433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144425,126597],{"class":58},[52,144427,63],{"class":62},[52,144429,87],{"class":73},[52,144431,144432],{"class":77},"txt_report.txt",[52,144434,297],{"class":73},[52,144436,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144438,149],{"class":148},[52,144440,152],{"class":66},[52,144442,126615],{"class":155},[52,144444,35],{"class":66},[52,144446,9031],{"class":155},[52,144448,152],{"class":66},[52,144450,81],{"class":73},[52,144452,126650],{"class":77},[52,144454,81],{"class":73},[52,144456,742],{"class":66},[14,144458,164],{},[42,144460,144462],{"className":44,"code":144461,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"_report\n",[49,144463,144464],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144465,144466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144467,144461],{"class":58},[14,144469,144470,144471,2203,144473,2589,144475,144477],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[49,144472,35],{},[49,144474,63445],{},[49,144476,2570],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144479,53809,144480,5180,144483,144485],{},[49,144481,144482],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[18,144484,1006],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144487,144488,144489,144493],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[26,144490,144491],{"href":130095},[49,144492,124685],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[37,144495,5358,144497],{"id":144496},"when-to-use-strip",[49,144498,41804],{},[14,144500,340,144501,144503],{},[49,144502,41804],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144505,36573],{},[227,144507,144508,144512,144514,144517],{},[230,144509,143830,144510,4282],{},[49,144511,3355],{},[230,144513,143835],{},[230,144515,144516],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[230,144518,144519],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144521,511],{},[42,144523,144525],{"className":44,"code":144524,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[49,144526,144527,144541,144545,144558],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144528,144529,144532,144534,144536,144539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144530,144531],{"class":58},"email ",[52,144533,63],{"class":62},[52,144535,87],{"class":73},[52,144537,144538],{"class":77},"  user@example.com  ",[52,144540,297],{"class":73},[52,144542,144543],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144544,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,144546,144547,144549,144552,144554,144556],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144548,7395],{"class":4272},[52,144550,144551],{"class":58}," email",[52,144553,35],{"class":66},[52,144555,9031],{"class":155},[52,144557,21733],{"class":66},[52,144559,144560,144562,144564,144566,144569,144571],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,144561,8463],{"class":148},[52,144563,152],{"class":66},[52,144565,81],{"class":73},[52,144567,144568],{"class":77},"Email was entered",[52,144570,81],{"class":73},[52,144572,159],{"class":66},[14,144574,164],{},[42,144576,144578],{"className":44,"code":144577,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Email was entered\n",[49,144579,144580],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144581,144582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144583,144577],{"class":58},[14,144585,144586,144587,144589,144590,35],{},"You may also combine ",[49,144588,41804],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[26,144591,144592],{"href":124241},[49,144593,124244],{},[37,144595,1743],{"id":1742},[14,144597,84399],{},[227,144599,144600,144604,144609,144614],{},[230,144601,8849,144602,131734],{},[49,144603,41804],{},[230,144605,8849,144606,144608],{},[49,144607,41804],{}," to remove text from the middle",[230,144610,8813,144611,144613],{},[49,144612,144482],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[230,144615,5100,144616,144619],{},[49,144617,144618],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144621,144622],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[42,144624,144626],{"className":44,"code":144625,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[49,144627,144628,144642,144646,144656,144670,144684],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144629,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638,144640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144631,34832],{"class":58},[52,144633,63],{"class":62},[52,144635,87],{"class":73},[52,144637,144378],{"class":77},[52,144639,87312],{"class":34597},[52,144641,297],{"class":73},[52,144643,144644],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144645,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,144647,144648,144650,144652,144654],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144649,149],{"class":148},[52,144651,152],{"class":66},[52,144653,34853],{"class":155},[52,144655,159],{"class":66},[52,144657,144658,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,144659,149],{"class":148},[52,144661,152],{"class":66},[52,144663,41930],{"class":148},[52,144665,152],{"class":66},[52,144667,34853],{"class":155},[52,144669,742],{"class":66},[52,144671,144672,144674,144676,144678,144680,144682],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,144673,149],{"class":148},[52,144675,152],{"class":66},[52,144677,34853],{"class":155},[52,144679,35],{"class":66},[52,144681,9031],{"class":155},[52,144683,2058],{"class":66},[52,144685,144686,144688,144690,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,144687,149],{"class":148},[52,144689,152],{"class":66},[52,144691,41930],{"class":148},[52,144693,152],{"class":66},[52,144695,34853],{"class":155},[52,144697,35],{"class":66},[52,144699,9031],{"class":155},[52,144701,6688],{"class":66},[14,144703,164],{},[42,144705,144707],{"className":44,"code":144706,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[49,144708,144709,144714,144718,144728,144732],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144710,144711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144712,144713],{"class":58},"  hello\n",[52,144715,144716],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144717,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,144719,144720,144722,144724,144726],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144721,177],{"class":43480},[52,144723,144378],{"class":43484},[52,144725,87312],{"class":144055},[52,144727,29841],{"class":43480},[52,144729,144730],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,144731,138829],{"class":58},[52,144733,144734,144736,144738],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,144735,177],{"class":43480},[52,144737,4241],{"class":43484},[52,144739,29841],{"class":43480},[14,144741,144742],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[42,144744,144746],{"className":44,"code":144745,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[49,144747,144748,144758,144772,144786,144804],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144749,144750,144752,144754,144756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144751,149],{"class":148},[52,144753,152],{"class":66},[52,144755,34853],{"class":155},[52,144757,159],{"class":66},[52,144759,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768,144770],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144761,149],{"class":148},[52,144763,152],{"class":66},[52,144765,41930],{"class":148},[52,144767,152],{"class":66},[52,144769,34853],{"class":155},[52,144771,742],{"class":66},[52,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780,144782,144784],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,144775,149],{"class":148},[52,144777,152],{"class":66},[52,144779,34853],{"class":155},[52,144781,35],{"class":66},[52,144783,9031],{"class":155},[52,144785,2058],{"class":66},[52,144787,144788,144790,144792,144794,144796,144798,144800,144802],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,144789,149],{"class":148},[52,144791,152],{"class":66},[52,144793,41930],{"class":148},[52,144795,152],{"class":66},[52,144797,34853],{"class":155},[52,144799,35],{"class":66},[52,144801,9031],{"class":155},[52,144803,6688],{"class":66},[52,144805,144806,144808,144810,144812,144814,144816],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,144807,32295],{"class":148},[52,144809,152],{"class":66},[52,144811,3836],{"class":646},[52,144813,35],{"class":66},[52,144815,9031],{"class":24889},[52,144817,159],{"class":66},[14,144819,144820,144822],{},[49,144821,122728],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[37,144824,2220],{"id":2219},[487,144826,13061,144828,144830],{"id":144827},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[49,144829,41804],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144832,46518,144833,144835],{},[49,144834,41804],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[487,144837,13061,144839,124841],{"id":144838},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[49,144840,41804],{},[14,144842,144843],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[487,144845,5539,144847,144849],{"id":144846},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[49,144848,41804],{}," remove by default?",[14,144851,144852],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[487,144854,34349,144856,34352,144858,2265],{"id":144855},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[49,144857,41804],{},[49,144859,124685],{},[14,144861,144862,144864,144865,144867],{},[49,144863,41804],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[49,144866,124685],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[487,144869,144871],{"id":144870},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144873,128387,144874,144876,144877,144879],{},[49,144875,144245],{}," for the left side and ",[49,144878,144248],{}," for the right side.",[37,144881,2277],{"id":2276},[227,144883,144884,144890,144896,144901,144906],{},[230,144885,144886],{},[26,144887,126514,144888,2292],{"href":124241},[49,144889,124244],{},[230,144891,144892],{},[26,144893,126514,144894,2292],{"href":130095},[49,144895,124685],{},[230,144897,144898],{},[26,144899,144900],{"href":143982},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[230,144902,144903],{},[26,144904,144905],{"href":87965},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[230,144907,144908],{},[26,144909,125269],{"href":51130},[2315,144911,144912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":144914},[144915,144916,144918,144922,144924,144925,144927,144928,144930,144931,144942],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":143567,"depth":70,"text":144917},"What strip() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":144919},[144920,144921],{"id":143690,"depth":98,"text":143682},{"id":143741,"depth":98,"text":143687},{"id":143815,"depth":70,"text":144923},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144081,"depth":70,"text":144082},{"id":144240,"depth":70,"text":144926},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108521,"depth":70,"text":108522},{"id":144496,"depth":70,"text":144929},"When to use strip()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":144932},[144933,144935,144937,144939,144941],{"id":144827,"depth":98,"text":144934},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144838,"depth":98,"text":144936},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144846,"depth":98,"text":144938},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144855,"depth":98,"text":144940},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144870,"depth":98,"text":144871},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143488,"description":144943},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144950,"title":144951,"body":144952,"description":146132,"extension":2357,"meta":146133,"navigation":141,"path":146134,"seo":146135,"stem":146136,"__hash__":146137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144953,"toc":146102},[144954,144959,144964,144969,144971,145017,145025,145030,145044,145050,145052,145054,145069,145071,145081,145084,145115,145118,145141,145143,145146,145203,145205,145219,145221,145235,145241,145246,145249,145290,145292,145301,145309,145312,145357,145359,145368,145371,145375,145380,145394,145396,145428,145430,145450,145453,145458,145463,145465,145476,145479,145536,145538,145546,145555,145557,145559,145565,145567,145604,145606,145614,145616,145657,145659,145668,145673,145678,145680,145707,145714,145717,145748,145750,145759,145765,145774,145805,145807,145819,145832,145836,145841,145871,145873,145940,145942,145952,145954,145959,145962,145967,145972,145976,145982,145988,145991,145993,146051,146053,146061,146063,146099],[10,144955,123514,144957,11684],{"id":144956},"python-string-upper-method",[49,144958,128392],{},[14,144960,123519,144961,144963],{},[49,144962,128392],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144965,84776,144966,144968],{},[49,144967,128392],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[37,144970,40],{"id":39},[42,144972,144974],{"className":44,"code":144973,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[49,144975,144976,144988,145002,145012],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,144977,144978,144980,144982,144984,144986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144979,34832],{"class":58},[52,144981,63],{"class":62},[52,144983,87],{"class":73},[52,144985,129233],{"class":77},[52,144987,297],{"class":73},[52,144989,144990,144992,144994,144996,144998,145000],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,144991,2626],{"class":58},[52,144993,63],{"class":62},[52,144995,42993],{"class":58},[52,144997,35],{"class":66},[52,144999,34622],{"class":155},[52,145001,650],{"class":66},[52,145003,145004,145006,145008,145010],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145005,149],{"class":148},[52,145007,152],{"class":66},[52,145009,2661],{"class":155},[52,145011,159],{"class":66},[52,145013,145014],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,145015,145016],{"class":1017},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,145018,145019,145021,145022,145024],{},[49,145020,128392],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[18,145023,1006],{}," change the original string in place.",[37,145026,4073,145028,4076],{"id":145027},"what-upper-does",[49,145029,128392],{},[227,145031,145032,145037,145040,145042],{},[230,145033,145034,145036],{},[49,145035,128392],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[230,145038,145039],{},"It works on string values only",[230,145041,133762],{},[230,145043,136480],{},[14,145045,125266,145046,30,145048,35],{},[26,145047,136486],{"href":136485},[26,145049,125269],{"href":51130},[37,145051,2553],{"id":2552},[14,145053,2556],{},[42,145055,145057],{"className":44,"code":145056,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"string.upper()\n",[49,145058,145059],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145060,145061,145063,145065,145067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145062,61332],{"class":58},[52,145064,35],{"class":66},[52,145066,34622],{"class":155},[52,145068,650],{"class":66},[14,145070,11820],{},[227,145072,145073,145075,145078],{},[230,145074,97687],{},[230,145076,145077],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[230,145079,145080],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,145082,145083],{},"Example with a variable:",[42,145085,145087],{"className":44,"code":145086,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[49,145088,145089,145101],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097,145099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145092,8271],{"class":58},[52,145094,63],{"class":62},[52,145096,87],{"class":73},[52,145098,46],{"class":77},[52,145100,297],{"class":73},[52,145102,145103,145105,145107,145109,145111,145113],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145104,149],{"class":148},[52,145106,152],{"class":66},[52,145108,78],{"class":155},[52,145110,35],{"class":66},[52,145112,34622],{"class":155},[52,145114,2058],{"class":66},[14,145116,145117],{},"Example with a string literal:",[42,145119,145121],{"className":44,"code":145120,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[49,145122,145123],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135,145137,145139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145126,149],{"class":148},[52,145128,152],{"class":66},[52,145130,81],{"class":73},[52,145132,4241],{"class":77},[52,145134,81],{"class":73},[52,145136,35],{"class":66},[52,145138,34622],{"class":155},[52,145140,2058],{"class":66},[37,145142,11837],{"id":11836},[14,145144,145145],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[42,145147,145149],{"className":44,"code":145148,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[49,145150,145151,145163,145178,145182,145192],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145152,145153,145155,145157,145159,145161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145154,6553],{"class":58},[52,145156,63],{"class":62},[52,145158,87],{"class":73},[52,145160,4483],{"class":77},[52,145162,297],{"class":73},[52,145164,145165,145168,145170,145172,145174,145176],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145166,145167],{"class":58},"uppercase_word ",[52,145169,63],{"class":62},[52,145171,38530],{"class":58},[52,145173,35],{"class":66},[52,145175,34622],{"class":155},[52,145177,650],{"class":66},[52,145179,145180],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145181,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,145183,145184,145186,145188,145190],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,145185,149],{"class":148},[52,145187,152],{"class":66},[52,145189,38540],{"class":155},[52,145191,159],{"class":66},[52,145193,145194,145196,145198,145201],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,145195,149],{"class":148},[52,145197,152],{"class":66},[52,145199,145200],{"class":155},"uppercase_word",[52,145202,159],{"class":66},[14,145204,164],{},[42,145206,145208],{"className":44,"code":145207,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"banana\nBANANA\n",[49,145209,145210,145214],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145211,145212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145213,70565],{"class":58},[52,145215,145216],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145217,145218],{"class":34597},"BANANA\n",[14,145220,112628],{},[227,145222,145223,145228],{},[230,145224,145225,145227],{},[49,145226,38540],{}," keeps its original value",[230,145229,145230,145232,145233],{},[49,145231,145200],{}," stores the returned value from ",[49,145234,128392],{},[37,145236,145238,145240],{"id":145237},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[49,145239,128392],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145242,137146,145243,145245],{},[18,145244,137149],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145247,145248],{},"So this method:",[42,145250,145252],{"className":44,"code":145251,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[49,145253,145254,145266,145276,145280],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145255,145256,145258,145260,145262,145264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145257,8271],{"class":58},[52,145259,63],{"class":62},[52,145261,87],{"class":73},[52,145263,17939],{"class":77},[52,145265,297],{"class":73},[52,145267,145268,145270,145272,145274],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145269,78],{"class":58},[52,145271,35],{"class":66},[52,145273,34622],{"class":155},[52,145275,650],{"class":66},[52,145277,145278],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145279,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,145281,145282,145284,145286,145288],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,145283,149],{"class":148},[52,145285,152],{"class":66},[52,145287,78],{"class":155},[52,145289,159],{"class":66},[14,145291,164],{},[42,145293,145295],{"className":44,"code":145294,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"alice\n",[49,145296,145297],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145298,145299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145300,145294],{"class":58},[14,145302,21115,145303,145305,145306,145308],{},[49,145304,128392],{}," was called, ",[49,145307,78],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145310,145311],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[42,145313,145315],{"className":44,"code":145314,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[49,145316,145317,145329,145343,145347],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145318,145319,145321,145323,145325,145327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145320,8271],{"class":58},[52,145322,63],{"class":62},[52,145324,87],{"class":73},[52,145326,17939],{"class":77},[52,145328,297],{"class":73},[52,145330,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145332,8271],{"class":58},[52,145334,63],{"class":62},[52,145336,36138],{"class":58},[52,145338,35],{"class":66},[52,145340,34622],{"class":155},[52,145342,650],{"class":66},[52,145344,145345],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145346,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,145348,145349,145351,145353,145355],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,145350,149],{"class":148},[52,145352,152],{"class":66},[52,145354,78],{"class":155},[52,145356,159],{"class":66},[14,145358,164],{},[42,145360,145362],{"className":44,"code":145361,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ALICE\n",[49,145363,145364],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145365,145366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145367,145361],{"class":34597},[14,145369,145370],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[37,145372,145374],{"id":145373},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145376,145377,145379],{},[49,145378,128392],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[227,145381,145382,145385,145388,145391],{},[230,145383,145384],{},"Numbers stay the same",[230,145386,145387],{},"Spaces stay the same",[230,145389,145390],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[230,145392,145393],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145395,511],{},[42,145397,145399],{"className":44,"code":145398,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[49,145400,145401,145414],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145402,145403,145405,145407,145409,145412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145404,34832],{"class":58},[52,145406,63],{"class":62},[52,145408,87],{"class":73},[52,145410,145411],{"class":77},"Room 7, table #3!",[52,145413,297],{"class":73},[52,145415,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424,145426],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145417,149],{"class":148},[52,145419,152],{"class":66},[52,145421,34853],{"class":155},[52,145423,35],{"class":66},[52,145425,34622],{"class":155},[52,145427,2058],{"class":66},[14,145429,164],{},[42,145431,145433],{"className":44,"code":145432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[49,145434,145435],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145436,145437,145440,145442,145444,145447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145438,145439],{"class":34597},"ROOM",[52,145441,6392],{"class":110},[52,145443,193],{"class":66},[52,145445,145446],{"class":34597}," TABLE",[52,145448,145449],{"class":1017}," #3!\n",[14,145451,145452],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[37,145454,5358,145456],{"id":145455},"when-to-use-upper",[49,145457,128392],{},[14,145459,145460,145462],{},[49,145461,128392],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145464,48493],{},[227,145466,145467,145470,145473],{},[230,145468,145469],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[230,145471,145472],{},"Format labels or headings",[230,145474,145475],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145477,145478],{},"Example: simple comparison",[42,145480,145482],{"className":44,"code":145481,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[49,145483,145484,145496,145500,145522],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145485,145486,145488,145490,145492,145494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145487,136757],{"class":58},[52,145489,63],{"class":62},[52,145491,87],{"class":73},[52,145493,9054],{"class":77},[52,145495,297],{"class":73},[52,145497,145498],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145499,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,145501,145502,145504,145506,145508,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145503,7395],{"class":4272},[52,145505,136777],{"class":58},[52,145507,35],{"class":66},[52,145509,34622],{"class":155},[52,145511,7762],{"class":66},[52,145513,6807],{"class":62},[52,145515,87],{"class":73},[52,145517,136764],{"class":77},[52,145519,81],{"class":73},[52,145521,6792],{"class":66},[52,145523,145524,145526,145528,145530,145532,145534],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,145525,8463],{"class":148},[52,145527,152],{"class":66},[52,145529,81],{"class":73},[52,145531,143961],{"class":77},[52,145533,81],{"class":73},[52,145535,159],{"class":66},[14,145537,164],{},[42,145539,145540],{"className":44,"code":143970,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,145541,145542],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145543,145544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145545,143970],{"class":58},[14,145547,145548,145549,2203,145551,2589,145553,35],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[49,145550,9054],{},[49,145552,137550],{},[49,145554,136764],{},[37,145556,1743],{"id":1742},[487,145558,96048],{"id":96047},[14,145560,8511,145561,145564],{},[49,145562,145563],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145566,1773],{},[42,145568,145570],{"className":44,"code":145569,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[49,145571,145572,145584,145594],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145573,145574,145576,145578,145580,145582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145575,34832],{"class":58},[52,145577,63],{"class":62},[52,145579,87],{"class":73},[52,145581,4241],{"class":77},[52,145583,297],{"class":73},[52,145585,145586,145588,145590,145592],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145587,34853],{"class":58},[52,145589,35],{"class":66},[52,145591,34622],{"class":155},[52,145593,650],{"class":66},[52,145595,145596,145598,145600,145602],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145597,149],{"class":148},[52,145599,152],{"class":66},[52,145601,34853],{"class":155},[52,145603,159],{"class":66},[14,145605,164],{},[42,145607,145608],{"className":44,"code":138829,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,145609,145610],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145611,145612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145613,138829],{"class":58},[14,145615,1785],{},[42,145617,145619],{"className":44,"code":145618,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[49,145620,145621,145633,145647],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145622,145623,145625,145627,145629,145631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145624,34832],{"class":58},[52,145626,63],{"class":62},[52,145628,87],{"class":73},[52,145630,4241],{"class":77},[52,145632,297],{"class":73},[52,145634,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145636,34832],{"class":58},[52,145638,63],{"class":62},[52,145640,42993],{"class":58},[52,145642,35],{"class":66},[52,145644,34622],{"class":155},[52,145646,650],{"class":66},[52,145648,145649,145651,145653,145655],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145650,149],{"class":148},[52,145652,152],{"class":66},[52,145654,34853],{"class":155},[52,145656,159],{"class":66},[14,145658,164],{},[42,145660,145662],{"className":44,"code":145661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"HELLO\n",[49,145663,145664],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145665,145666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145667,145661],{"class":34597},[487,145669,19044,145671,137436],{"id":145670},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[49,145672,128392],{},[14,145674,145675,145677],{},[49,145676,128392],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145679,511],{},[42,145681,145683],{"className":44,"code":145682,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[49,145684,145685,145693],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145686,145687,145689,145691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145688,2613],{"class":58},[52,145690,63],{"class":62},[52,145692,125196],{"class":110},[52,145694,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703,145705],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145696,149],{"class":148},[52,145698,152],{"class":66},[52,145700,2636],{"class":155},[52,145702,35],{"class":66},[52,145704,34622],{"class":155},[52,145706,2058],{"class":66},[14,145708,39803,145709,145711,145712,33744],{},[49,145710,2585],{}," objects do not have an ",[49,145713,128392],{},[14,145715,145716],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[42,145718,145720],{"className":44,"code":145719,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[49,145721,145722,145730],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145723,145724,145726,145728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145725,2613],{"class":58},[52,145727,63],{"class":62},[52,145729,125196],{"class":110},[52,145731,145732,145734,145736,145738,145740,145742,145744,145746],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145733,149],{"class":148},[52,145735,152],{"class":66},[52,145737,3836],{"class":646},[52,145739,152],{"class":66},[52,145741,2636],{"class":155},[52,145743,9028],{"class":66},[52,145745,34622],{"class":155},[52,145747,2058],{"class":66},[14,145749,164],{},[42,145751,145753],{"className":44,"code":145752,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"123\n",[49,145754,145755],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145756,145757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145758,145752],{"class":110},[487,145760,37352,145762,145764],{"id":145761},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[49,145763,128392],{}," with title case",[14,145766,145767,145769,145770,145773],{},[49,145768,128392],{}," makes ",[18,145771,145772],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[42,145775,145777],{"className":44,"code":145776,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[49,145778,145779,145791],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145780,145781,145783,145785,145787,145789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145782,34832],{"class":58},[52,145784,63],{"class":62},[52,145786,87],{"class":73},[52,145788,60564],{"class":77},[52,145790,297],{"class":73},[52,145792,145793,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145794,149],{"class":148},[52,145796,152],{"class":66},[52,145798,34853],{"class":155},[52,145800,35],{"class":66},[52,145802,34622],{"class":155},[52,145804,2058],{"class":66},[14,145806,164],{},[42,145808,145810],{"className":44,"code":145809,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"HELLO WORLD\n",[49,145811,145812],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145813,145814,145816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145815,136538],{"class":34597},[52,145817,145818],{"class":34597}," WORLD\n",[14,145820,145821,145822,145826,145827,145831],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[26,145823,145824],{"href":124241},[49,145825,124244],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[26,145828,145829],{"href":130095},[49,145830,124685],{}," changes parts of a string.",[37,145833,145835],{"id":145834},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145837,145838,145839,84],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[49,145840,128392],{},[227,145842,145843,145850,145857,145864],{},[230,145844,145845,145849],{},[26,145846,145847],{"href":124241},[49,145848,124244],{}," for lowercase text",[230,145851,145852,145856],{},[26,145853,145854],{"href":137084},[49,145855,41804],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[230,145858,145859,145863],{},[26,145860,145861],{"href":130095},[49,145862,124685],{}," for changing parts of a string",[230,145865,145866,2262,145868,145870],{},[49,145867,127882],{},[49,145869,126572],{}," for checks",[14,145872,511],{},[42,145874,145876],{"className":44,"code":145875,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[49,145877,145878,145890,145894,145909,145925,145929],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145879,145880,145882,145884,145886,145888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145881,34832],{"class":58},[52,145883,63],{"class":62},[52,145885,87],{"class":73},[52,145887,143612],{"class":77},[52,145889,297],{"class":73},[52,145891,145892],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,145893,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,145895,145896,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,145897,145898],{"class":58},"cleaned ",[52,145900,63],{"class":62},[52,145902,42993],{"class":58},[52,145904,35],{"class":66},[52,145906,9031],{"class":155},[52,145908,650],{"class":66},[52,145910,145911,145914,145916,145919,145921,145923],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,145912,145913],{"class":58},"loud ",[52,145915,63],{"class":62},[52,145917,145918],{"class":58}," cleaned",[52,145920,35],{"class":66},[52,145922,34622],{"class":155},[52,145924,650],{"class":66},[52,145926,145927],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,145928,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,145930,145931,145933,145935,145938],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,145932,149],{"class":148},[52,145934,152],{"class":66},[52,145936,145937],{"class":155},"loud",[52,145939,159],{"class":66},[14,145941,164],{},[42,145943,145944],{"className":44,"code":145809,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,145945,145946],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145947,145948,145950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145949,136538],{"class":34597},[52,145951,145818],{"class":34597},[37,145953,2220],{"id":2219},[487,145955,13061,145957,124841],{"id":145956},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[49,145958,128392],{},[14,145960,145961],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[487,145963,13061,145965,137818],{"id":145964},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[49,145966,128392],{},[14,145968,145969,145970,35],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[49,145971,145563],{},[487,145973,145975],{"id":145974},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145977,145978,145979,145981],{},"They stay the same. ",[49,145980,128392],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[487,145983,28469,145985,145987],{"id":145984},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[49,145986,128392],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145989,145990],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145992,511],{},[42,145994,145996],{"className":44,"code":145995,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[49,145997,145998,146010,146023,146027],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,145999,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146001,2953],{"class":58},[52,146003,63],{"class":62},[52,146005,87],{"class":73},[52,146007,46],{"class":77},[52,146009,297],{"class":73},[52,146011,146012,146014,146016,146018,146021],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146013,2981],{"class":58},[52,146015,63],{"class":62},[52,146017,87],{"class":73},[52,146019,146020],{"class":77},"PYTHON",[52,146022,297],{"class":73},[52,146024,146025],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,146026,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,146028,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041,146043,146045,146047,146049],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,146030,149],{"class":148},[52,146032,152],{"class":66},[52,146034,26],{"class":155},[52,146036,35],{"class":66},[52,146038,34622],{"class":155},[52,146040,7762],{"class":66},[52,146042,6807],{"class":62},[52,146044,2958],{"class":155},[52,146046,35],{"class":66},[52,146048,34622],{"class":155},[52,146050,2058],{"class":66},[14,146052,164],{},[42,146054,146055],{"className":44,"code":4374,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,146056,146057],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146058,146059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146060,4374],{"class":128},[37,146062,2277],{"id":2276},[227,146064,146065,146069,146075,146081,146087,146091,146095],{},[230,146066,146067],{},[26,146068,125269],{"href":51130},[230,146070,146071],{},[26,146072,126514,146073,2292],{"href":124241},[49,146074,124244],{},[230,146076,146077],{},[26,146078,126514,146079,2292],{"href":137084},[49,146080,41804],{},[230,146082,146083],{},[26,146084,126514,146085,2292],{"href":130095},[49,146086,124685],{},[230,146088,146089],{},[26,146090,90842],{"href":89851},[230,146092,146093],{},[26,146094,124913],{"href":123769},[230,146096,146097],{},[26,146098,137904],{"href":136485},[2315,146100,146101],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":146103},[146104,146105,146107,146108,146109,146111,146112,146114,146121,146122,146131],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":145027,"depth":70,"text":146106},"What upper() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":145237,"depth":70,"text":146110},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145373,"depth":70,"text":145374},{"id":145455,"depth":70,"text":146113},"When to use upper()",{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":146115},[146116,146117,146119],{"id":96047,"depth":98,"text":96048},{"id":145670,"depth":98,"text":146118},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145761,"depth":98,"text":146120},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145834,"depth":70,"text":145835},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":146123},[146124,146126,146128,146129],{"id":145956,"depth":98,"text":146125},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145964,"depth":98,"text":146127},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145974,"depth":98,"text":145975},{"id":145984,"depth":98,"text":146130},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144951,"description":146132},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146139,"title":146140,"body":146141,"description":148018,"extension":2357,"meta":148019,"navigation":141,"path":148020,"seo":148021,"stem":148022,"__hash__":148023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146142,"toc":147968},[146143,146149,146156,146162,146164,146220,146225,146230,146235,146238,146257,146260,146262,146286,146304,146315,146317,146320,146373,146375,146383,146385,146403,146408,146411,146468,146470,146479,146482,146502,146505,146511,146516,146518,146561,146563,146571,146574,146615,146617,146626,146632,146638,146665,146667,146675,146680,146684,146696,146739,146741,146749,146754,146760,146765,146769,146771,146814,146817,146864,146866,146875,146882,146886,146889,146935,146940,146944,146946,146989,146992,147000,147002,147007,147009,147011,147030,147033,147045,147047,147066,147068,147076,147080,147082,147133,147136,147211,147213,147221,147224,147228,147230,147277,147280,147351,147353,147361,147367,147369,147444,147448,147527,147529,147537,147543,147549,147554,147559,147608,147612,147683,147686,147691,147702,147705,147716,147726,147728,147733,147758,147763,147844,147846,147871,147873,147878,147881,147887,147896,147902,147905,147911,147917,147924,147927,147929,147965],[10,146144,3969,146146,3973],{"id":146145},"python-sum-function-explained",[49,146147,146148],{},"sum()",[14,146150,9518,146151,146153,146154,24903],{},[49,146152,146148],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[49,146155,60156],{},[14,146157,146158,146159,146161],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[49,146160,36219],{}," value and a few important limits.",[37,146163,40],{"id":39},[42,146165,146167],{"className":44,"code":146166,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[49,146168,146169,146193,146208],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146170,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146172,4012],{"class":58},[52,146174,63],{"class":62},[52,146176,4017],{"class":66},[52,146178,1565],{"class":110},[52,146180,193],{"class":66},[52,146182,1570],{"class":110},[52,146184,193],{"class":66},[52,146186,2850],{"class":110},[52,146188,193],{"class":66},[52,146190,2856],{"class":110},[52,146192,4030],{"class":66},[52,146194,146195,146197,146199,146202,146204,146206],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146196,41333],{"class":58},[52,146198,63],{"class":62},[52,146200,146201],{"class":148}," sum",[52,146203,152],{"class":66},[52,146205,1578],{"class":155},[52,146207,159],{"class":66},[52,146209,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,146211,149],{"class":148},[52,146213,152],{"class":66},[52,146215,41362],{"class":155},[52,146217,4056],{"class":66},[52,146219,26935],{"class":1017},[14,146221,340,146222,146224],{},[49,146223,146148],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[37,146226,4073,146228,4076],{"id":146227},"what-sum-does",[49,146229,146148],{},[14,146231,146232,146234],{},[49,146233,146148],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146236,146237],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[227,146239,146240,146243,146246,146251],{},[230,146241,146242],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[230,146244,146245],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[230,146247,146248,146249],{},"Adding numbers from ",[49,146250,36345],{},[230,146252,146253,146254,146256],{},"Counting ",[49,146255,862],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146258,146259],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[37,146261,2553],{"id":2552},[42,146263,146265],{"className":44,"code":146264,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[49,146266,146267],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146268,146269,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146270,146271],{"class":148},"sum",[52,146273,152],{"class":66},[52,146275,4117],{"class":155},[52,146277,193],{"class":66},[52,146279,36198],{"class":834},[52,146281,63],{"class":62},[52,146283,2514],{"class":110},[52,146285,159],{"class":66},[227,146287,146288,146293,146298],{},[230,146289,146290,146292],{},[49,146291,4117],{}," is the group of values to add",[230,146294,146295,146297],{},[49,146296,36219],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[230,146299,146300,146301],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[49,146302,146303],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146305,146306,146307,146310,146311,35],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146308,146309,4117],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[26,146312,146313,24756],{"href":36342},[49,146314,36345],{},[37,146316,11837],{"id":11836},[14,146318,146319],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[42,146321,146323],{"className":44,"code":146322,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[49,146324,146325,146345,146359,146363],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146326,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146328,4012],{"class":58},[52,146330,63],{"class":62},[52,146332,4017],{"class":66},[52,146334,2531],{"class":110},[52,146336,193],{"class":66},[52,146338,6403],{"class":110},[52,146340,193],{"class":66},[52,146342,38085],{"class":110},[52,146344,4030],{"class":66},[52,146346,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146348,41333],{"class":58},[52,146350,63],{"class":62},[52,146352,146201],{"class":148},[52,146354,152],{"class":66},[52,146356,1578],{"class":155},[52,146358,159],{"class":66},[52,146360,146361],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,146362,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,146364,146365,146367,146369,146371],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,146366,149],{"class":148},[52,146368,152],{"class":66},[52,146370,41362],{"class":155},[52,146372,159],{"class":66},[14,146374,164],{},[42,146376,146377],{"className":44,"code":69999,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,146378,146379],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146380,146381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146382,69999],{"class":110},[14,146384,12041],{},[227,146386,146387,146392,146398],{},[230,146388,146389,146391],{},[49,146390,1578],{}," contains three integers",[230,146393,146394,146397],{},[49,146395,146396],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[230,146399,146400,146401],{},"The result is stored in ",[49,146402,41362],{},[37,146404,36760,146406,8829],{"id":146405},"using-the-start-value",[49,146407,36219],{},[14,146409,146410],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[42,146412,146414],{"className":44,"code":146413,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[49,146415,146416,146436,146454,146458],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146417,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146419,4012],{"class":58},[52,146421,63],{"class":62},[52,146423,4017],{"class":66},[52,146425,1565],{"class":110},[52,146427,193],{"class":66},[52,146429,1570],{"class":110},[52,146431,193],{"class":66},[52,146433,2850],{"class":110},[52,146435,4030],{"class":66},[52,146437,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146439,41333],{"class":58},[52,146441,63],{"class":62},[52,146443,146201],{"class":148},[52,146445,152],{"class":66},[52,146447,1578],{"class":155},[52,146449,193],{"class":66},[52,146451,6403],{"class":110},[52,146453,159],{"class":66},[52,146455,146456],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,146457,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,146459,146460,146462,146464,146466],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,146461,149],{"class":148},[52,146463,152],{"class":66},[52,146465,41362],{"class":155},[52,146467,159],{"class":66},[14,146469,164],{},[42,146471,146473],{"className":44,"code":146472,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"16\n",[49,146474,146475],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146476,146477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146478,146472],{"class":110},[14,146480,146481],{},"This works like:",[227,146483,146484,146489,146494,146498],{},[230,146485,146486,146487],{},"Start at ",[49,146488,2728],{},[230,146490,146491,146492],{},"Add ",[49,146493,1565],{},[230,146495,146491,146496],{},[49,146497,2451],{},[230,146499,146491,146500],{},[49,146501,2457],{},[14,146503,146504],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[37,146506,4073,146508,146510],{"id":146507},"what-sum-can-work-with",[49,146509,146148],{}," can work with",[14,146512,146513,146515],{},[49,146514,146148],{}," works with numeric values.",[487,146517,40575],{"id":40574},[42,146519,146521],{"className":44,"code":146520,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[49,146522,146523,146547],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146524,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146526,4218],{"class":58},[52,146528,63],{"class":62},[52,146530,4017],{"class":66},[52,146532,1565],{"class":110},[52,146534,193],{"class":66},[52,146536,1570],{"class":110},[52,146538,193],{"class":66},[52,146540,2850],{"class":110},[52,146542,193],{"class":66},[52,146544,2856],{"class":110},[52,146546,4030],{"class":66},[52,146548,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146550,149],{"class":148},[52,146552,152],{"class":66},[52,146554,146271],{"class":148},[52,146556,152],{"class":66},[52,146558,2071],{"class":155},[52,146560,742],{"class":66},[14,146562,164],{},[42,146564,146565],{"className":44,"code":2774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,146566,146567],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146568,146569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146570,2774],{"class":110},[487,146572,146573],{"id":52201},"Floats",[42,146575,146577],{"className":44,"code":146576,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[49,146578,146579,146601],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146580,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146594,146596,146599],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146582,83207],{"class":58},[52,146584,63],{"class":62},[52,146586,4017],{"class":66},[52,146588,41309],{"class":110},[52,146590,193],{"class":66},[52,146592,146593],{"class":110}," 3.75",[52,146595,193],{"class":66},[52,146597,146598],{"class":110}," 1.25",[52,146600,4030],{"class":66},[52,146602,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146604,149],{"class":148},[52,146606,152],{"class":66},[52,146608,146271],{"class":148},[52,146610,152],{"class":66},[52,146612,83243],{"class":155},[52,146614,742],{"class":66},[14,146616,164],{},[42,146618,146620],{"className":44,"code":146619,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"7.5\n",[49,146621,146622],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146623,146624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146625,146619],{"class":110},[14,146627,146628,146629,35],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[26,146630,146631],{"href":2817},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[487,146633,146635,146636],{"id":146634},"values-from-range","Values from ",[49,146637,36345],{},[42,146639,146641],{"className":44,"code":146640,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[49,146642,146643],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146644,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146646,149],{"class":148},[52,146648,152],{"class":66},[52,146650,146271],{"class":148},[52,146652,152],{"class":66},[52,146654,60156],{"class":148},[52,146656,152],{"class":66},[52,146658,1565],{"class":110},[52,146660,193],{"class":66},[52,146662,37792],{"class":110},[52,146664,1291],{"class":66},[14,146666,164],{},[42,146668,146669],{"className":44,"code":47194,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,146670,146671],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146672,146673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146674,47194],{"class":110},[14,146676,113718,146677,35],{},[49,146678,146679],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[487,146681,146683],{"id":146682},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146685,146686,146687,146689,146690,2262,146692,146689,146694,35],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[49,146688,862],{}," acts like ",[49,146691,1565],{},[49,146693,4069],{},[49,146695,2514],{},[42,146697,146699],{"className":44,"code":146698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[49,146700,146701,146725],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146702,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146704,52121],{"class":58},[52,146706,63],{"class":62},[52,146708,4017],{"class":66},[52,146710,862],{"class":128},[52,146712,193],{"class":66},[52,146714,4302],{"class":128},[52,146716,193],{"class":66},[52,146718,216],{"class":128},[52,146720,193],{"class":66},[52,146722,216],{"class":128},[52,146724,4030],{"class":66},[52,146726,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146728,149],{"class":148},[52,146730,152],{"class":66},[52,146732,146271],{"class":148},[52,146734,152],{"class":66},[52,146736,52174],{"class":155},[52,146738,742],{"class":66},[14,146740,164],{},[42,146742,146743],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,146744,146745],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146746,146747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146748,46770],{"class":110},[14,146750,146751,146752,35],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[49,146753,862],{},[37,146755,4073,146757,146759],{"id":146756},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[49,146758,146148],{}," does not work with",[14,146761,146762,146764],{},[49,146763,146148],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[487,146766,146768],{"id":146767},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146770,3235],{},[42,146772,146774],{"className":44,"code":146773,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[49,146775,146776,146800],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146777,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146779,4465],{"class":58},[52,146781,63],{"class":62},[52,146783,4017],{"class":66},[52,146785,81],{"class":73},[52,146787,4241],{"class":77},[52,146789,81],{"class":73},[52,146791,193],{"class":66},[52,146793,87],{"class":73},[52,146795,60749],{"class":77},[52,146797,81],{"class":73},[52,146799,4030],{"class":66},[52,146801,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146803,149],{"class":148},[52,146805,152],{"class":66},[52,146807,146271],{"class":148},[52,146809,152],{"class":66},[52,146811,4509],{"class":155},[52,146813,742],{"class":66},[14,146815,146816],{},"Use string joining instead:",[42,146818,146820],{"className":44,"code":146819,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[49,146821,146822,146846],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146823,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146825,4465],{"class":58},[52,146827,63],{"class":62},[52,146829,4017],{"class":66},[52,146831,81],{"class":73},[52,146833,4241],{"class":77},[52,146835,81],{"class":73},[52,146837,193],{"class":66},[52,146839,87],{"class":73},[52,146841,60749],{"class":77},[52,146843,81],{"class":73},[52,146845,4030],{"class":66},[52,146847,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146849,149],{"class":148},[52,146851,152],{"class":66},[52,146853,6671],{"class":73},[52,146855,35],{"class":66},[52,146857,133673],{"class":155},[52,146859,152],{"class":66},[52,146861,4509],{"class":155},[52,146863,742],{"class":66},[14,146865,164],{},[42,146867,146869],{"className":44,"code":146868,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"helloworld\n",[49,146870,146871],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146872,146873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146874,146868],{"class":58},[14,146876,146877,146878,35],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[26,146879,146880,6181],{"href":42326},[49,146881,47837],{},[487,146883,146885],{"id":146884},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146887,146888],{},"This also causes an error:",[42,146890,146892],{"className":44,"code":146891,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[49,146893,146894,146921],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146895,146896,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146897,146898],{"class":58},"lists ",[52,146900,63],{"class":62},[52,146902,56450],{"class":66},[52,146904,1565],{"class":110},[52,146906,193],{"class":66},[52,146908,1570],{"class":110},[52,146910,18198],{"class":66},[52,146912,4017],{"class":66},[52,146914,2457],{"class":110},[52,146916,193],{"class":66},[52,146918,2856],{"class":110},[52,146920,53398],{"class":66},[52,146922,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146924,149],{"class":148},[52,146926,152],{"class":66},[52,146928,146271],{"class":148},[52,146930,152],{"class":66},[52,146932,5697],{"class":155},[52,146934,742],{"class":66},[14,146936,146937,146939],{},[49,146938,146148],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[487,146941,146943],{"id":146942},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146945,5869],{},[42,146947,146949],{"className":44,"code":146948,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[49,146950,146951,146975],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,146952,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146954,4218],{"class":58},[52,146956,63],{"class":62},[52,146958,4017],{"class":66},[52,146960,1565],{"class":110},[52,146962,193],{"class":66},[52,146964,1570],{"class":110},[52,146966,193],{"class":66},[52,146968,87],{"class":73},[52,146970,2457],{"class":77},[52,146972,81],{"class":73},[52,146974,4030],{"class":66},[52,146976,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,146978,149],{"class":148},[52,146980,152],{"class":66},[52,146982,146271],{"class":148},[52,146984,152],{"class":66},[52,146986,2071],{"class":155},[52,146988,742],{"class":66},[14,146990,146991],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146993,146994,146995,146997,146998,35],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[49,146996,66104],{},", convert them first. See ",[26,146999,3360],{"href":3359},[37,147001,41655],{"id":41654},[14,147003,147004,147005,35],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[49,147006,146148],{},[487,147008,6922],{"id":6921},[14,147010,4922],{},[42,147012,147014],{"className":44,"code":147013,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(sum(5))\n",[49,147015,147016],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147017,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147019,149],{"class":148},[52,147021,152],{"class":66},[52,147023,146271],{"class":148},[52,147025,152],{"class":66},[52,147027,2531],{"class":110},[52,147029,742],{"class":66},[14,147031,147032],{},"Why it fails:",[227,147034,147035,147040],{},[230,147036,147037,147039],{},[49,147038,2531],{}," is a single integer",[230,147041,147042,147044],{},[49,147043,146148],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,147046,6952],{},[42,147048,147050],{"className":44,"code":147049,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(sum([5]))\n",[49,147051,147052],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147053,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147055,149],{"class":148},[52,147057,152],{"class":66},[52,147059,146271],{"class":148},[52,147061,2152],{"class":66},[52,147063,2531],{"class":110},[52,147065,3395],{"class":66},[14,147067,164],{},[42,147069,147070],{"className":44,"code":3344,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,147071,147072],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147073,147074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147075,3344],{"class":110},[487,147077,147079],{"id":147078},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,147081,4922],{},[42,147083,147085],{"className":44,"code":147084,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[49,147086,147087,147119],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147088,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147090,4218],{"class":58},[52,147092,63],{"class":62},[52,147094,4017],{"class":66},[52,147096,81],{"class":73},[52,147098,1565],{"class":77},[52,147100,81],{"class":73},[52,147102,193],{"class":66},[52,147104,87],{"class":73},[52,147106,2451],{"class":77},[52,147108,81],{"class":73},[52,147110,193],{"class":66},[52,147112,87],{"class":73},[52,147114,2457],{"class":77},[52,147116,81],{"class":73},[52,147118,4030],{"class":66},[52,147120,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147122,149],{"class":148},[52,147124,152],{"class":66},[52,147126,146271],{"class":148},[52,147128,152],{"class":66},[52,147130,2071],{"class":155},[52,147132,742],{"class":66},[14,147134,147135],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[42,147137,147139],{"className":44,"code":147138,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[49,147140,147141,147173,147201],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147142,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147144,4218],{"class":58},[52,147146,63],{"class":62},[52,147148,4017],{"class":66},[52,147150,81],{"class":73},[52,147152,1565],{"class":77},[52,147154,81],{"class":73},[52,147156,193],{"class":66},[52,147158,87],{"class":73},[52,147160,2451],{"class":77},[52,147162,81],{"class":73},[52,147164,193],{"class":66},[52,147166,87],{"class":73},[52,147168,2457],{"class":77},[52,147170,81],{"class":73},[52,147172,4030],{"class":66},[52,147174,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147176,41333],{"class":58},[52,147178,63],{"class":62},[52,147180,146201],{"class":148},[52,147182,152],{"class":66},[52,147184,2585],{"class":646},[52,147186,152],{"class":66},[52,147188,2570],{"class":155},[52,147190,4056],{"class":66},[52,147192,4273],{"class":4272},[52,147194,4276],{"class":155},[52,147196,4279],{"class":4272},[52,147198,4282],{"class":155},[52,147200,159],{"class":66},[52,147202,147203,147205,147207,147209],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,147204,149],{"class":148},[52,147206,152],{"class":66},[52,147208,41362],{"class":155},[52,147210,159],{"class":66},[14,147212,164],{},[42,147214,147215],{"className":44,"code":3054,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,147216,147217],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147218,147219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147220,3054],{"class":110},[14,147222,147223],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[487,147225,147227],{"id":147226},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147229,4922],{},[42,147231,147233],{"className":44,"code":147232,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[49,147234,147235,147263],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147236,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147238,4218],{"class":58},[52,147240,63],{"class":62},[52,147242,4017],{"class":66},[52,147244,1565],{"class":110},[52,147246,193],{"class":66},[52,147248,1570],{"class":110},[52,147250,193],{"class":66},[52,147252,87],{"class":73},[52,147254,2457],{"class":77},[52,147256,81],{"class":73},[52,147258,193],{"class":66},[52,147260,2856],{"class":110},[52,147262,4030],{"class":66},[52,147264,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147266,149],{"class":148},[52,147268,152],{"class":66},[52,147270,146271],{"class":148},[52,147272,152],{"class":66},[52,147274,2071],{"class":155},[52,147276,742],{"class":66},[14,147278,147279],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[42,147281,147283],{"className":44,"code":147282,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[49,147284,147285,147313,147341],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147286,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147288,4218],{"class":58},[52,147290,63],{"class":62},[52,147292,4017],{"class":66},[52,147294,1565],{"class":110},[52,147296,193],{"class":66},[52,147298,1570],{"class":110},[52,147300,193],{"class":66},[52,147302,87],{"class":73},[52,147304,2457],{"class":77},[52,147306,81],{"class":73},[52,147308,193],{"class":66},[52,147310,2856],{"class":110},[52,147312,4030],{"class":66},[52,147314,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147316,41333],{"class":58},[52,147318,63],{"class":62},[52,147320,146201],{"class":148},[52,147322,152],{"class":66},[52,147324,2585],{"class":646},[52,147326,152],{"class":66},[52,147328,2570],{"class":155},[52,147330,4056],{"class":66},[52,147332,4273],{"class":4272},[52,147334,4276],{"class":155},[52,147336,4279],{"class":4272},[52,147338,4282],{"class":155},[52,147340,159],{"class":66},[52,147342,147343,147345,147347,147349],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,147344,149],{"class":148},[52,147346,152],{"class":66},[52,147348,41362],{"class":155},[52,147350,159],{"class":66},[14,147352,164],{},[42,147354,147355],{"className":44,"code":2774,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,147356,147357],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147358,147359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147360,2774],{"class":110},[487,147362,8813,147364,147366],{"id":147363},"using-sum-to-join-text",[49,147365,146148],{}," to join text",[14,147368,4922],{},[42,147370,147372],{"className":44,"code":147371,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[49,147373,147374,147430],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147375,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147377,36237],{"class":58},[52,147379,63],{"class":62},[52,147381,4017],{"class":66},[52,147383,81],{"class":73},[52,147385,134272],{"class":77},[52,147387,81],{"class":73},[52,147389,193],{"class":66},[52,147391,87],{"class":73},[52,147393,12102],{"class":77},[52,147395,81],{"class":73},[52,147397,193],{"class":66},[52,147399,87],{"class":73},[52,147401,63445],{"class":77},[52,147403,81],{"class":73},[52,147405,193],{"class":66},[52,147407,87],{"class":73},[52,147409,60596],{"class":77},[52,147411,81],{"class":73},[52,147413,193],{"class":66},[52,147415,87],{"class":73},[52,147417,60631],{"class":77},[52,147419,81],{"class":73},[52,147421,193],{"class":66},[52,147423,87],{"class":73},[52,147425,76189],{"class":77},[52,147427,81],{"class":73},[52,147429,4030],{"class":66},[52,147431,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147433,149],{"class":148},[52,147435,152],{"class":66},[52,147437,146271],{"class":148},[52,147439,152],{"class":66},[52,147441,36290],{"class":155},[52,147443,742],{"class":66},[14,147445,340,147446,60690],{},[49,147447,133596],{},[42,147449,147451],{"className":44,"code":147450,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[49,147452,147453,147509],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147454,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147456,36237],{"class":58},[52,147458,63],{"class":62},[52,147460,4017],{"class":66},[52,147462,81],{"class":73},[52,147464,134272],{"class":77},[52,147466,81],{"class":73},[52,147468,193],{"class":66},[52,147470,87],{"class":73},[52,147472,12102],{"class":77},[52,147474,81],{"class":73},[52,147476,193],{"class":66},[52,147478,87],{"class":73},[52,147480,63445],{"class":77},[52,147482,81],{"class":73},[52,147484,193],{"class":66},[52,147486,87],{"class":73},[52,147488,60596],{"class":77},[52,147490,81],{"class":73},[52,147492,193],{"class":66},[52,147494,87],{"class":73},[52,147496,60631],{"class":77},[52,147498,81],{"class":73},[52,147500,193],{"class":66},[52,147502,87],{"class":73},[52,147504,76189],{"class":77},[52,147506,81],{"class":73},[52,147508,4030],{"class":66},[52,147510,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147512,149],{"class":148},[52,147514,152],{"class":66},[52,147516,6671],{"class":73},[52,147518,35],{"class":66},[52,147520,133673],{"class":155},[52,147522,152],{"class":66},[52,147524,36290],{"class":155},[52,147526,742],{"class":66},[14,147528,164],{},[42,147530,147531],{"className":44,"code":134353,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,147532,147533],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147534,147535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147536,134353],{"class":58},[14,147538,147539,147540,35],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[26,147541,147542],{"href":135434},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[37,147544,147546,147548],{"id":147545},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[49,147547,146148],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147550,147551,147553],{},[49,147552,146148],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[487,147555,8813,147557],{"id":147556},"using-sum",[49,147558,146148],{},[42,147560,147562],{"className":44,"code":147561,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[49,147563,147564,147584,147598],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147565,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147567,4012],{"class":58},[52,147569,63],{"class":62},[52,147571,4017],{"class":66},[52,147573,2903],{"class":110},[52,147575,193],{"class":66},[52,147577,6392],{"class":110},[52,147579,193],{"class":66},[52,147581,54292],{"class":110},[52,147583,4030],{"class":66},[52,147585,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147587,41333],{"class":58},[52,147589,63],{"class":62},[52,147591,146201],{"class":148},[52,147593,152],{"class":66},[52,147595,1578],{"class":155},[52,147597,159],{"class":66},[52,147599,147600,147602,147604,147606],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,147601,149],{"class":148},[52,147603,152],{"class":66},[52,147605,41362],{"class":155},[52,147607,159],{"class":66},[487,147609,147611],{"id":147610},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[42,147613,147615],{"className":44,"code":147614,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[49,147616,147617,147637,147645,147649,147661,147669,147673],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147618,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147620,4012],{"class":58},[52,147622,63],{"class":62},[52,147624,4017],{"class":66},[52,147626,2903],{"class":110},[52,147628,193],{"class":66},[52,147630,6392],{"class":110},[52,147632,193],{"class":66},[52,147634,54292],{"class":110},[52,147636,4030],{"class":66},[52,147638,147639,147641,147643],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147640,41333],{"class":58},[52,147642,63],{"class":62},[52,147644,38662],{"class":110},[52,147646,147647],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,147648,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,147650,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,147652,6356],{"class":4272},[52,147654,6785],{"class":58},[52,147656,4279],{"class":4272},[52,147658,4659],{"class":58},[52,147660,6792],{"class":66},[52,147662,147663,147665,147667],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,147664,90266],{"class":58},[52,147666,90269],{"class":62},[52,147668,90272],{"class":58},[52,147670,147671],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,147672,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,147674,147675,147677,147679,147681],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,147676,149],{"class":148},[52,147678,152],{"class":66},[52,147680,41362],{"class":155},[52,147682,159],{"class":66},[14,147684,147685],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147687,2887,147688,147690],{},[49,147689,146148],{}," is often better:",[227,147692,147693,147696,147699],{},[230,147694,147695],{},"Shorter code",[230,147697,147698],{},"Easier to read",[230,147700,147701],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147703,147704],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[227,147706,147707,147710,147713],{},[230,147708,147709],{},"You need to skip some values",[230,147711,147712],{},"You need extra checks",[230,147714,147715],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147717,147718,147719,147722,147723,147725],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[26,147720,147721],{"href":40158},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[49,147724,146148],{}," on the filtered result.",[37,147727,1743],{"id":1742},[14,147729,147730,147731,84],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[49,147732,146148],{},[227,147734,147735,147741,147748,147755],{},[230,147736,147737,147738],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[49,147739,147740],{},"sum(5)",[230,147742,147743,147744,147747],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[49,147745,147746],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[230,147749,8813,147750,147752,147753],{},[49,147751,146148],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[49,147754,133596],{},[230,147756,147757],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147759,9271,147760,147762],{},[49,147761,146148],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[42,147764,147766],{"className":44,"code":147765,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[49,147767,147768,147778,147792,147816],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,147769,147770,147772,147774,147776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147771,149],{"class":148},[52,147773,152],{"class":66},[52,147775,2071],{"class":155},[52,147777,159],{"class":66},[52,147779,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,147781,149],{"class":148},[52,147783,152],{"class":66},[52,147785,734],{"class":646},[52,147787,152],{"class":66},[52,147789,2071],{"class":155},[52,147791,742],{"class":66},[52,147793,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,147795,149],{"class":148},[52,147797,2152],{"class":66},[52,147799,734],{"class":646},[52,147801,152],{"class":66},[52,147803,2570],{"class":155},[52,147805,4056],{"class":66},[52,147807,4273],{"class":4272},[52,147809,4276],{"class":155},[52,147811,4279],{"class":4272},[52,147813,4282],{"class":155},[52,147815,1718],{"class":66},[52,147817,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,147819,149],{"class":148},[52,147821,152],{"class":66},[52,147823,146271],{"class":148},[52,147825,2152],{"class":66},[52,147827,2585],{"class":646},[52,147829,152],{"class":66},[52,147831,2570],{"class":155},[52,147833,4056],{"class":66},[52,147835,4273],{"class":4272},[52,147837,4276],{"class":155},[52,147839,4279],{"class":4272},[52,147841,4282],{"class":155},[52,147843,3395],{"class":66},[14,147845,136167],{},[227,147847,147848,147854,147860,147865],{},[230,147849,147850,147853],{},[49,147851,147852],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[230,147855,147856,147859],{},[49,147857,147858],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[230,147861,147862,136189],{},[49,147863,147864],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[230,147866,147867,147870],{},[49,147868,147869],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[37,147872,2220],{"id":2219},[487,147874,5539,147876,5542],{"id":147875},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[49,147877,146148],{},[14,147879,147880],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[487,147882,5567,147884,147886],{"id":147883},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[49,147885,146148],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147888,30412,147889,30,147892,147895],{},[49,147890,147891],{},"''.join(...)",[49,147893,147894],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[487,147897,5567,147899,147901],{"id":147898},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[49,147900,146148],{}," work with floats?",[14,147903,147904],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[487,147906,147908,147909,2265],{"id":147907},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[49,147910,146148],{},[14,147912,147913,147914,147916],{},"It is the optional ",[49,147915,36219],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[487,147918,5555,147920,119552,147922,2265],{"id":147919},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[49,147921,146148],{},[49,147923,3401],{},[14,147925,147926],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[37,147928,2277],{"id":2276},[227,147930,147931,147935,147941,147947,147953,147957,147961],{},[230,147932,147933],{},[26,147934,146631],{"href":2817},[230,147936,147937],{},[26,147938,3969,147939,3902],{"href":36342},[49,147940,36345],{},[230,147942,147943],{},[26,147944,3969,147945,3902],{"href":42509},[49,147946,42512],{},[230,147948,147949],{},[26,147950,3969,147951,3902],{"href":42326},[49,147952,47837],{},[230,147954,147955],{},[26,147956,5618],{"href":40158},[230,147958,147959],{},[26,147960,3919],{"href":3359},[230,147962,147963],{},[26,147964,147542],{"href":135434},[2315,147966,147967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":147969},[147970,147971,147973,147974,147975,147977,147985,147991,147998,148004,148005,148017],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":146227,"depth":70,"text":147972},"What sum() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":146405,"depth":70,"text":147976},"Using the start value",{"id":146507,"depth":70,"text":147978,"children":147979},"What sum() can work with",[147980,147981,147982,147984],{"id":40574,"depth":98,"text":40575},{"id":52201,"depth":98,"text":146573},{"id":146634,"depth":98,"text":147983},"Values from range()",{"id":146682,"depth":98,"text":146683},{"id":146756,"depth":70,"text":147986,"children":147987},"What sum() does not work with",[147988,147989,147990],{"id":146767,"depth":98,"text":146768},{"id":146884,"depth":98,"text":146885},{"id":146942,"depth":98,"text":146943},{"id":41654,"depth":70,"text":41655,"children":147992},[147993,147994,147995,147996],{"id":6921,"depth":98,"text":6922},{"id":147078,"depth":98,"text":147079},{"id":147226,"depth":98,"text":147227},{"id":147363,"depth":98,"text":147997},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147545,"depth":70,"text":147999,"children":148000},"sum() vs manual loop",[148001,148003],{"id":147556,"depth":98,"text":148002},"Using sum()",{"id":147610,"depth":98,"text":147611},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":148006},[148007,148009,148011,148013,148015],{"id":147875,"depth":98,"text":148008},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147883,"depth":98,"text":148010},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147898,"depth":98,"text":148012},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147907,"depth":98,"text":148014},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147919,"depth":98,"text":148016},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146140,"description":148018},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148025,"title":148026,"body":148027,"description":149429,"extension":2357,"meta":149430,"navigation":141,"path":149431,"seo":149432,"stem":149433,"__hash__":149434},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148028,"toc":149397},[148029,148035,148041,148044,148107,148113,148118,148122,148139,148153,148157,148177,148191,148193,148286,148288,148302,148304,148307,148396,148398,148406,148415,148417,148421,148442,148444,148536,148538,148559,148561,148565,148579,148581,148655,148657,148676,148680,148683,148706,148708,148819,148826,148834,148836,148842,148845,148888,148891,148914,148922,148926,149001,149007,149032,149039,149042,149045,149049,149054,149142,149150,149154,149157,149182,149186,149247,149251,149300,149310,149312,149317,149320,149326,149329,149333,149337,149343,149346,149354,149362,149364,149394],[10,148030,148032,148033,11684],{"id":148031},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[49,148034,57447],{},[14,148036,148037,148040],{},[49,148038,148039],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,148042,148043],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[42,148045,148047],{"className":44,"code":148046,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[49,148048,148049,148077,148095],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148050,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148052,4012],{"class":58},[52,148054,63],{"class":62},[52,148056,1118],{"class":66},[52,148058,1565],{"class":110},[52,148060,193],{"class":66},[52,148062,1570],{"class":110},[52,148064,193],{"class":66},[52,148066,1570],{"class":110},[52,148068,193],{"class":66},[52,148070,2850],{"class":110},[52,148072,193],{"class":66},[52,148074,1570],{"class":110},[52,148076,159],{"class":66},[52,148078,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148080,2626],{"class":58},[52,148082,63],{"class":62},[52,148084,4659],{"class":58},[52,148086,35],{"class":66},[52,148088,41410],{"class":155},[52,148090,152],{"class":66},[52,148092,2451],{"class":110},[52,148094,159],{"class":66},[52,148096,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148098,149],{"class":148},[52,148100,152],{"class":66},[52,148102,2661],{"class":155},[52,148104,4056],{"class":66},[52,148106,50925],{"class":1017},[14,148108,340,148109,148112],{},[49,148110,148111],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[37,148114,4073,148116,4076],{"id":148115},"what-tuplecount-does",[49,148117,148039],{},[14,148119,148120,84],{},[49,148121,148111],{},[227,148123,148124,148130,148133,148136],{},[230,148125,148126,148127,148129],{},"Returns the number of times ",[49,148128,263],{}," appears in the tuple",[230,148131,148132],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[230,148134,148135],{},"Returns an integer",[230,148137,148138],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148140,148141,148142,148144,148145,30,148149,35],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[49,148143,57447],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[26,148146,148148],{"href":148147},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[26,148150,148152],{"href":148151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[37,148154,148156],{"id":148155},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[42,148158,148160],{"className":44,"code":148159,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[49,148161,148162],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148163,148164,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148165,148166],{"class":58},"my_tuple",[52,148168,35],{"class":66},[52,148170,41410],{"class":155},[52,148172,152],{"class":66},[52,148174,263],{"class":155},[52,148176,159],{"class":66},[227,148178,148179,148183,148186],{},[230,148180,148181,57612],{},[49,148182,263],{},[230,148184,148185],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[230,148187,148188,148189],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[49,148190,2514],{},[487,148192,103267],{"id":103266},[42,148194,148196],{"className":44,"code":148195,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[49,148197,148198,148238,148262],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148199,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148201,13431],{"class":58},[52,148203,63],{"class":62},[52,148205,1118],{"class":66},[52,148207,81],{"class":73},[52,148209,13448],{"class":77},[52,148211,81],{"class":73},[52,148213,193],{"class":66},[52,148215,87],{"class":73},[52,148217,13465],{"class":77},[52,148219,81],{"class":73},[52,148221,193],{"class":66},[52,148223,87],{"class":73},[52,148225,13448],{"class":77},[52,148227,81],{"class":73},[52,148229,193],{"class":66},[52,148231,87],{"class":73},[52,148233,17591],{"class":77},[52,148235,81],{"class":73},[52,148237,159],{"class":66},[52,148239,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148241,149],{"class":148},[52,148243,152],{"class":66},[52,148245,17638],{"class":155},[52,148247,35],{"class":66},[52,148249,41410],{"class":155},[52,148251,152],{"class":66},[52,148253,81],{"class":73},[52,148255,13448],{"class":77},[52,148257,81],{"class":73},[52,148259,5758],{"class":66},[52,148261,57802],{"class":1017},[52,148263,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148265,149],{"class":148},[52,148267,152],{"class":66},[52,148269,17638],{"class":155},[52,148271,35],{"class":66},[52,148273,41410],{"class":155},[52,148275,152],{"class":66},[52,148277,81],{"class":73},[52,148279,22662],{"class":77},[52,148281,81],{"class":73},[52,148283,5758],{"class":66},[52,148285,51402],{"class":1017},[14,148287,20094],{},[227,148289,148290,148295],{},[230,148291,148292,148294],{},[49,148293,65551],{}," appears 2 times",[230,148296,148297,148299,148300],{},[49,148298,109963],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[49,148301,2514],{},[37,148303,11837],{"id":11836},[14,148305,148306],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[42,148308,148310],{"className":44,"code":148309,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[49,148311,148312,148360,148364,148386],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148313,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148315,36386],{"class":58},[52,148317,63],{"class":62},[52,148319,1118],{"class":66},[52,148321,81],{"class":73},[52,148323,4474],{"class":77},[52,148325,81],{"class":73},[52,148327,193],{"class":66},[52,148329,87],{"class":73},[52,148331,4483],{"class":77},[52,148333,81],{"class":73},[52,148335,193],{"class":66},[52,148337,87],{"class":73},[52,148339,4474],{"class":77},[52,148341,81],{"class":73},[52,148343,193],{"class":66},[52,148345,87],{"class":73},[52,148347,33364],{"class":77},[52,148349,81],{"class":73},[52,148351,193],{"class":66},[52,148353,87],{"class":73},[52,148355,4474],{"class":77},[52,148357,81],{"class":73},[52,148359,159],{"class":66},[52,148361,148362],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148363,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,148365,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148367,2626],{"class":58},[52,148369,63],{"class":62},[52,148371,53007],{"class":58},[52,148373,35],{"class":66},[52,148375,41410],{"class":155},[52,148377,152],{"class":66},[52,148379,81],{"class":73},[52,148381,4474],{"class":77},[52,148383,81],{"class":73},[52,148385,159],{"class":66},[52,148387,148388,148390,148392,148394],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,148389,149],{"class":148},[52,148391,152],{"class":66},[52,148393,2661],{"class":155},[52,148395,159],{"class":66},[14,148397,164],{},[42,148399,148400],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,148401,148402],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148403,148404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148405,46770],{"class":110},[14,148407,148408,148410,148411,2795,148413,35],{},[49,148409,57990],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[49,148412,57447],{},[49,148414,2457],{},[37,148416,38169],{"id":38168},[14,148418,57701,148419,128902],{},[49,148420,57447],{},[227,148422,148423,148428,148433,148436],{},[230,148424,11786,148425,148427],{},[49,148426,2514],{}," when the value does not exist",[230,148429,11786,148430,148432],{},[49,148431,1565],{}," when the value appears once",[230,148434,148435],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[230,148437,148438,148439,148441],{},"The result can be used in ",[49,148440,7395],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148443,511],{},[42,148445,148447],{"className":44,"code":148446,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[49,148448,148449,148490,148494,148521],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148450,148451,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148452,148453],{"class":58},"answers ",[52,148455,63],{"class":62},[52,148457,1118],{"class":66},[52,148459,81],{"class":73},[52,148461,9054],{"class":77},[52,148463,81],{"class":73},[52,148465,193],{"class":66},[52,148467,87],{"class":73},[52,148469,8994],{"class":77},[52,148471,81],{"class":73},[52,148473,193],{"class":66},[52,148475,87],{"class":73},[52,148477,9054],{"class":77},[52,148479,81],{"class":73},[52,148481,193],{"class":66},[52,148483,87],{"class":73},[52,148485,9054],{"class":77},[52,148487,81],{"class":73},[52,148489,159],{"class":66},[52,148491,148492],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148493,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,148495,148496,148498,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148497,7395],{"class":4272},[52,148499,148500],{"class":58}," answers",[52,148502,35],{"class":66},[52,148504,41410],{"class":155},[52,148506,152],{"class":66},[52,148508,81],{"class":73},[52,148510,9054],{"class":77},[52,148512,81],{"class":73},[52,148514,4056],{"class":66},[52,148516,38545],{"class":62},[52,148518,5895],{"class":110},[52,148520,6792],{"class":66},[52,148522,148523,148525,148527,148529,148532,148534],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,148524,8463],{"class":148},[52,148526,152],{"class":66},[52,148528,81],{"class":73},[52,148530,148531],{"class":77},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[52,148533,81],{"class":73},[52,148535,159],{"class":66},[14,148537,164],{},[42,148539,148541],{"className":44,"code":148540,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[49,148542,148543],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148544,148545,148548,148550,148552,148554,148557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148546,148547],{"class":58},"The answer ",[52,148549,177],{"class":73},[52,148551,9054],{"class":77},[52,148553,177],{"class":73},[52,148555,148556],{"class":58}," appears more than once",[52,148558,122546],{"class":66},[37,148560,41196],{"id":41195},[14,148562,35551,148563,104730],{},[49,148564,148039],{},[227,148566,148567,148570,148573,148576],{},[230,148568,148569],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[230,148571,148572],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[230,148574,148575],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[230,148577,148578],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148580,511],{},[42,148582,148584],{"className":44,"code":148583,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[49,148585,148586,148614,148618,148640],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148587,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148589,1441],{"class":58},[52,148591,63],{"class":62},[52,148593,1118],{"class":66},[52,148595,2728],{"class":110},[52,148597,193],{"class":66},[52,148599,111],{"class":110},[52,148601,193],{"class":66},[52,148603,6403],{"class":110},[52,148605,193],{"class":66},[52,148607,1929],{"class":110},[52,148609,193],{"class":66},[52,148611,6403],{"class":110},[52,148613,159],{"class":66},[52,148615,148616],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148617,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148621,7395],{"class":4272},[52,148623,5507],{"class":58},[52,148625,35],{"class":66},[52,148627,41410],{"class":155},[52,148629,152],{"class":66},[52,148631,2728],{"class":110},[52,148633,4056],{"class":66},[52,148635,51443],{"class":62},[52,148637,1570],{"class":110},[52,148639,6792],{"class":66},[52,148641,148642,148644,148646,148648,148651,148653],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,148643,8463],{"class":148},[52,148645,152],{"class":66},[52,148647,81],{"class":73},[52,148649,148650],{"class":77},"The score 10 is repeated.",[52,148652,81],{"class":73},[52,148654,159],{"class":66},[14,148656,164],{},[42,148658,148660],{"className":44,"code":148659,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[49,148661,148662],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148663,148664,148667,148669,148671,148674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148665,148666],{"class":58},"The score ",[52,148668,2728],{"class":110},[52,148670,8491],{"class":62},[52,148672,148673],{"class":58}," repeated",[52,148675,122546],{"class":66},[37,148677,148679],{"id":148678},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148681,148682],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[227,148684,148685,148691,148696,148699],{},[230,148686,148687,148688,148690],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[49,148689,57447],{}," still works because it only reads data",[230,148692,148693,148695],{},[49,148694,57447],{}," counts exact matches",[230,148697,148698],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[230,148700,148701,2262,148703,148705],{},[49,148702,1565],{},[49,148704,42309],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148707,511],{},[42,148709,148711],{"className":44,"code":148710,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[49,148712,148713,148747,148751,148771,148795],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148714,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148728,148730,148732,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148716,4218],{"class":58},[52,148718,63],{"class":62},[52,148720,1118],{"class":66},[52,148722,1565],{"class":110},[52,148724,193],{"class":66},[52,148726,148727],{"class":110}," 1.0",[52,148729,193],{"class":66},[52,148731,87],{"class":73},[52,148733,148734],{"class":77},"Cat",[52,148736,81],{"class":73},[52,148738,193],{"class":66},[52,148740,87],{"class":73},[52,148742,37195],{"class":77},[52,148744,81],{"class":73},[52,148746,159],{"class":66},[52,148748,148749],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148750,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,148752,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148754,149],{"class":148},[52,148756,152],{"class":66},[52,148758,2071],{"class":155},[52,148760,35],{"class":66},[52,148762,41410],{"class":155},[52,148764,152],{"class":66},[52,148766,1565],{"class":110},[52,148768,5758],{"class":66},[52,148770,51249],{"class":1017},[52,148772,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,148774,149],{"class":148},[52,148776,152],{"class":66},[52,148778,2071],{"class":155},[52,148780,35],{"class":66},[52,148782,41410],{"class":155},[52,148784,152],{"class":66},[52,148786,81],{"class":73},[52,148788,148734],{"class":77},[52,148790,81],{"class":73},[52,148792,5758],{"class":66},[52,148794,27920],{"class":1017},[52,148796,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,148798,149],{"class":148},[52,148800,152],{"class":66},[52,148802,2071],{"class":155},[52,148804,35],{"class":66},[52,148806,41410],{"class":155},[52,148808,152],{"class":66},[52,148810,81],{"class":73},[52,148812,37195],{"class":77},[52,148814,81],{"class":73},[52,148816,5758],{"class":66},[52,148818,27920],{"class":1017},[14,148820,5555,148821,5558,148824,2265],{},[49,148822,148823],{},"values.count(1)",[49,148825,2451],{},[14,148827,9182,148828,5180,148831,148833],{},[49,148829,148830],{},"1 == 1.0",[49,148832,862],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[37,148835,1743],{"id":1742},[487,148837,8813,148839,148841],{"id":148838},"using-count-without-parentheses",[49,148840,41410],{}," without parentheses",[14,148843,148844],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[42,148846,148848],{"className":44,"code":148847,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[49,148849,148850,148874],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148851,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148853,4012],{"class":58},[52,148855,63],{"class":62},[52,148857,1118],{"class":66},[52,148859,1565],{"class":110},[52,148861,193],{"class":66},[52,148863,1570],{"class":110},[52,148865,193],{"class":66},[52,148867,1570],{"class":110},[52,148869,193],{"class":66},[52,148871,2850],{"class":110},[52,148873,159],{"class":66},[52,148875,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148877,149],{"class":148},[52,148879,152],{"class":66},[52,148881,1578],{"class":155},[52,148883,35],{"class":66},[52,148885,41410],{"class":24889},[52,148887,159],{"class":66},[14,148889,148890],{},"To call the method correctly:",[42,148892,148894],{"className":44,"code":148893,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[49,148895,148896],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148897,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148899,149],{"class":148},[52,148901,152],{"class":66},[52,148903,1578],{"class":155},[52,148905,35],{"class":66},[52,148907,41410],{"class":155},[52,148909,152],{"class":66},[52,148911,2451],{"class":110},[52,148913,742],{"class":66},[487,148915,8849,148916,8852,148918,30,148920],{"id":58750},[49,148917,57447],{},[49,148919,862],{},[49,148921,4069],{},[14,148923,148924,58761],{},[49,148925,57447],{},[42,148927,148929],{"className":44,"code":148928,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[49,148930,148931,148963,148985,148989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,148932,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148934,36237],{"class":58},[52,148936,63],{"class":62},[52,148938,1118],{"class":66},[52,148940,81],{"class":73},[52,148942,26],{"class":77},[52,148944,81],{"class":73},[52,148946,193],{"class":66},[52,148948,87],{"class":73},[52,148950,5157],{"class":77},[52,148952,81],{"class":73},[52,148954,193],{"class":66},[52,148956,87],{"class":73},[52,148958,26],{"class":77},[52,148960,81],{"class":73},[52,148962,159],{"class":66},[52,148964,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979,148981,148983],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,148966,2626],{"class":58},[52,148968,63],{"class":62},[52,148970,70255],{"class":58},[52,148972,35],{"class":66},[52,148974,41410],{"class":155},[52,148976,152],{"class":66},[52,148978,81],{"class":73},[52,148980,26],{"class":77},[52,148982,81],{"class":73},[52,148984,159],{"class":66},[52,148986,148987],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,148988,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,148990,148991,148993,148995,148997,148999],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,148992,149],{"class":148},[52,148994,152],{"class":66},[52,148996,2661],{"class":155},[52,148998,4056],{"class":66},[52,149000,51570],{"class":1017},[14,149002,149003,149004,149006],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[49,149005,4279],{}," is often simpler:",[42,149008,149010],{"className":44,"code":149009,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[49,149011,149012],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149013,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149015,149],{"class":148},[52,149017,152],{"class":66},[52,149019,81],{"class":73},[52,149021,26],{"class":77},[52,149023,81],{"class":73},[52,149025,21311],{"class":4272},[52,149027,70255],{"class":155},[52,149029,4056],{"class":66},[52,149031,4059],{"class":1017},[487,149033,37352,149035,9101,149037],{"id":149034},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[49,149036,148039],{},[49,149038,57452],{},[14,149040,149041],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,149043,149044],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[487,149046,149048],{"id":149047},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,149050,149051,149053],{},[49,149052,57447],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[42,149055,149057],{"className":44,"code":149056,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[49,149058,149059,149092,149118],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149060,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149062,4465],{"class":58},[52,149064,63],{"class":62},[52,149066,1118],{"class":66},[52,149068,81],{"class":73},[52,149070,4474],{"class":77},[52,149072,81],{"class":73},[52,149074,193],{"class":66},[52,149076,87],{"class":73},[52,149078,149079],{"class":77},"pineapple",[52,149081,81],{"class":73},[52,149083,193],{"class":66},[52,149085,87],{"class":73},[52,149087,4474],{"class":77},[52,149089,81],{"class":73},[52,149091,159],{"class":66},[52,149093,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104,149106,149108,149111,149113,149115],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149095,149],{"class":148},[52,149097,152],{"class":66},[52,149099,4509],{"class":155},[52,149101,35],{"class":66},[52,149103,41410],{"class":155},[52,149105,152],{"class":66},[52,149107,81],{"class":73},[52,149109,149110],{"class":77},"app",[52,149112,81],{"class":73},[52,149114,5758],{"class":66},[52,149116,149117],{"class":1017},"    # 0\n",[52,149119,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,149121,149],{"class":148},[52,149123,152],{"class":66},[52,149125,4509],{"class":155},[52,149127,35],{"class":66},[52,149129,41410],{"class":155},[52,149131,152],{"class":66},[52,149133,81],{"class":73},[52,149135,4474],{"class":77},[52,149137,81],{"class":73},[52,149139,5758],{"class":66},[52,149141,51570],{"class":1017},[14,149143,149144,149147,149148,35],{},[49,149145,149146],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[49,149149,2514],{},[37,149151,149153],{"id":149152},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149155,149156],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[227,149158,149159,149164,149173,149179],{},[230,149160,340,149161,149163],{},[49,149162,4279],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[230,149165,340,149166,149172],{},[26,149167,149169,149170],{"href":149168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[49,149171,59125],{}," to find the position of a value",[230,149174,340,149175,149178],{},[49,149176,149177],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[230,149180,149181],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149183,46193,149184,84],{},[49,149185,4279],{},[42,149187,149189],{"className":44,"code":149188,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[49,149190,149191,149211,149215,149231],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149192,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149194,4012],{"class":58},[52,149196,63],{"class":62},[52,149198,1118],{"class":66},[52,149200,2903],{"class":110},[52,149202,193],{"class":66},[52,149204,6392],{"class":110},[52,149206,193],{"class":66},[52,149208,54292],{"class":110},[52,149210,159],{"class":66},[52,149212,149213],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149214,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,149216,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,149218,149],{"class":148},[52,149220,152],{"class":66},[52,149222,2419],{"class":110},[52,149224,21311],{"class":4272},[52,149226,4659],{"class":155},[52,149228,4056],{"class":66},[52,149230,44007],{"class":1017},[52,149232,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,149234,149],{"class":148},[52,149236,152],{"class":66},[52,149238,2531],{"class":110},[52,149240,21311],{"class":4272},[52,149242,4659],{"class":155},[52,149244,4056],{"class":66},[52,149246,44024],{"class":1017},[14,149248,46193,149249,84],{},[49,149250,59125],{},[42,149252,149254],{"className":44,"code":149253,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[49,149255,149256,149280],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149257,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149259,4012],{"class":58},[52,149261,63],{"class":62},[52,149263,1118],{"class":66},[52,149265,2903],{"class":110},[52,149267,193],{"class":66},[52,149269,6392],{"class":110},[52,149271,193],{"class":66},[52,149273,54292],{"class":110},[52,149275,193],{"class":66},[52,149277,6392],{"class":110},[52,149279,159],{"class":66},[52,149281,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149283,149],{"class":148},[52,149285,152],{"class":66},[52,149287,1578],{"class":155},[52,149289,35],{"class":66},[52,149291,35992],{"class":155},[52,149293,152],{"class":66},[52,149295,2419],{"class":110},[52,149297,5758],{"class":66},[52,149299,27920],{"class":1017},[14,149301,149302,149304,149305,149307,149309],{},[49,149303,57447],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10217,149306],{},[49,149308,59125],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[37,149311,2220],{"id":2219},[487,149313,5539,149315,5542],{"id":149314},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[49,149316,148039],{},[14,149318,149319],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[487,149321,13061,149323,149325],{"id":149322},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[49,149324,148039],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149327,149328],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[487,149330,149332],{"id":149331},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149334,12268,149335,35],{},[49,149336,2514],{},[487,149338,5567,149340,149342],{"id":149339},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[49,149341,148039],{}," count strings?",[14,149344,149345],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[487,149347,2259,149349,2262,149351,2265],{"id":149348},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[49,149350,148039],{},[49,149352,149353],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149355,149356,149358,149359,149361],{},[49,149357,57447],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[49,149360,59125],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[37,149363,2277],{"id":2276},[227,149365,149366,149370,149375,149382,149390],{},[230,149367,149368],{},[26,149369,148148],{"href":148147},[230,149371,149372],{},[26,149373,149374],{"href":148151},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[230,149376,149377],{},[26,149378,149379,149380,2292],{"href":149168},"Python tuple ",[49,149381,59125],{},[230,149383,149384],{},[26,149385,149387,149388],{"href":149386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[49,149389,42512],{},[230,149391,149392],{},[26,149393,59113],{"href":59112},[2315,149395,149396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":148155,"depth":70,"text":148156,"children":149402},[149403],{"id":103266,"depth":98,"text":103267},{"id":11836,"depth":70,"text":11837},{"id":38168,"depth":70,"text":38169},{"id":41195,"depth":70,"text":41196},{"id":148678,"depth":70,"text":148679},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":149409},[149410,149412,149413,149415],{"id":148838,"depth":98,"text":149411},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58750,"depth":98,"text":59166},{"id":149034,"depth":98,"text":149414},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149047,"depth":98,"text":149048},{"id":149152,"depth":70,"text":149153},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":149418},[149419,149421,149423,149424,149426],{"id":149314,"depth":98,"text":149420},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149322,"depth":98,"text":149422},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149331,"depth":98,"text":149332},{"id":149339,"depth":98,"text":149425},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149348,"depth":98,"text":149427},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148026,"description":149429},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149436,"title":149437,"body":149438,"description":151125,"extension":2357,"meta":151126,"navigation":141,"path":151127,"seo":151128,"stem":151129,"__hash__":151130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149439,"toc":151088},[149440,149443,149446,149455,149457,149587,149589,149650,149656,149658,149678,149682,149685,149688,149723,149725,149746,149749,149788,149790,149815,149822,149826,149829,149866,149868,149891,149894,149897,149909,149915,149919,149922,149928,149969,149971,149994,149997,150038,150040,150067,150069,150086,150088,150105,150108,150112,150115,150117,150151,150153,150200,150204,150243,150247,150250,150307,150309,150350,150356,150362,150367,150369,150406,150408,150428,150430,150463,150465,150498,150501,150505,150538,150540,150565,150568,150570,150584,150591,150593,150596,150600,150603,150638,150641,150676,150680,150683,150722,150725,150764,150768,150770,150800,150803,150810,150812,150844,150847,150879,150882,150913,150915,150932,150936,150939,151003,151005,151009,151016,151020,151023,151027,151030,151034,151037,151042,151048,151050,151085],[10,149441,149437],{"id":149442},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149444,149445],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149447,149448,149449,30,149453,35],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[26,149450,149452],{"href":149451},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[26,149454,148148],{"href":148147},[37,149456,40],{"id":39},[42,149458,149460],{"className":44,"code":149459,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[49,149461,149462,149482,149491,149505,149541,149545,149555,149565,149576],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149463,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149465,4012],{"class":58},[52,149467,63],{"class":62},[52,149469,1118],{"class":66},[52,149471,1565],{"class":110},[52,149473,193],{"class":66},[52,149475,1570],{"class":110},[52,149477,193],{"class":66},[52,149479,2850],{"class":110},[52,149481,159],{"class":66},[52,149483,149484,149486,149488],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149485,125012],{"class":58},[52,149487,63],{"class":62},[52,149489,149490],{"class":66}," ()\n",[52,149492,149493,149496,149498,149500,149502],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,149494,149495],{"class":58},"one_item ",[52,149497,63],{"class":62},[52,149499,1118],{"class":66},[52,149501,2531],{"class":110},[52,149503,149504],{"class":66},",)\n",[52,149506,149507,149510,149512,149515,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,149508,149509],{"class":58},"from_list ",[52,149511,63],{"class":62},[52,149513,149514],{"class":646}," tuple",[52,149516,2152],{"class":66},[52,149518,81],{"class":73},[52,149520,26],{"class":77},[52,149522,81],{"class":73},[52,149524,193],{"class":66},[52,149526,87],{"class":73},[52,149528,5157],{"class":77},[52,149530,81],{"class":73},[52,149532,193],{"class":66},[52,149534,87],{"class":73},[52,149536,10111],{"class":77},[52,149538,81],{"class":73},[52,149540,1718],{"class":66},[52,149542,149543],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,149544,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,149546,149547,149549,149551,149553],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,149548,149],{"class":148},[52,149550,152],{"class":66},[52,149552,1578],{"class":155},[52,149554,159],{"class":66},[52,149556,149557,149559,149561,149563],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,149558,149],{"class":148},[52,149560,152],{"class":66},[52,149562,125063],{"class":155},[52,149564,159],{"class":66},[52,149566,149567,149569,149571,149574],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,149568,149],{"class":148},[52,149570,152],{"class":66},[52,149572,149573],{"class":155},"one_item",[52,149575,159],{"class":66},[52,149577,149578,149580,149582,149585],{"class":54,"line":6829},[52,149579,149],{"class":148},[52,149581,152],{"class":66},[52,149583,149584],{"class":155},"from_list",[52,149586,159],{"class":66},[14,149588,164],{},[42,149590,149592],{"className":44,"code":149591,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[49,149593,149594,149610,149614,149622],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149595,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149597,152],{"class":66},[52,149599,1565],{"class":110},[52,149601,193],{"class":66},[52,149603,1570],{"class":110},[52,149605,193],{"class":66},[52,149607,2850],{"class":110},[52,149609,159],{"class":66},[52,149611,149612],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149613,650],{"class":66},[52,149615,149616,149618,149620],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,149617,152],{"class":66},[52,149619,2531],{"class":110},[52,149621,149504],{"class":66},[52,149623,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,149625,152],{"class":66},[52,149627,177],{"class":73},[52,149629,26],{"class":77},[52,149631,177],{"class":73},[52,149633,193],{"class":66},[52,149635,186],{"class":73},[52,149637,5157],{"class":77},[52,149639,177],{"class":73},[52,149641,193],{"class":66},[52,149643,186],{"class":73},[52,149645,10111],{"class":77},[52,149647,177],{"class":73},[52,149649,159],{"class":66},[14,149651,149652,149653,35],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[49,149654,149655],{},"(5,)",[37,149657,225],{"id":224},[227,149659,149660,149663,149666,149669,149672,149675],{},[230,149661,149662],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[230,149664,149665],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[230,149667,149668],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[230,149670,149671],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[230,149673,149674],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[230,149676,149677],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[37,149679,149681],{"id":149680},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149683,149684],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149686,149687],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[42,149689,149691],{"className":44,"code":149690,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,149692,149693,149713],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149694,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149696,4012],{"class":58},[52,149698,63],{"class":62},[52,149700,1118],{"class":66},[52,149702,1565],{"class":110},[52,149704,193],{"class":66},[52,149706,1570],{"class":110},[52,149708,193],{"class":66},[52,149710,2850],{"class":110},[52,149712,159],{"class":66},[52,149714,149715,149717,149719,149721],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149716,149],{"class":148},[52,149718,152],{"class":66},[52,149720,1578],{"class":155},[52,149722,159],{"class":66},[14,149724,164],{},[42,149726,149728],{"className":44,"code":149727,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[49,149729,149730],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149731,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149733,152],{"class":66},[52,149735,1565],{"class":110},[52,149737,193],{"class":66},[52,149739,1570],{"class":110},[52,149741,193],{"class":66},[52,149743,2850],{"class":110},[52,149745,159],{"class":66},[14,149747,149748],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[42,149750,149752],{"className":44,"code":149751,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[49,149753,149754,149778],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149755,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149757,616],{"class":58},[52,149759,63],{"class":62},[52,149761,1118],{"class":66},[52,149763,1565],{"class":110},[52,149765,193],{"class":66},[52,149767,87],{"class":73},[52,149769,4474],{"class":77},[52,149771,81],{"class":73},[52,149773,193],{"class":66},[52,149775,216],{"class":128},[52,149777,159],{"class":66},[52,149779,149780,149782,149784,149786],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149781,149],{"class":148},[52,149783,152],{"class":66},[52,149785,630],{"class":155},[52,149787,159],{"class":66},[14,149789,164],{},[42,149791,149793],{"className":44,"code":149792,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[49,149794,149795],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149796,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149798,152],{"class":66},[52,149800,1565],{"class":110},[52,149802,193],{"class":66},[52,149804,186],{"class":73},[52,149806,4474],{"class":77},[52,149808,177],{"class":73},[52,149810,193],{"class":66},[52,149812,216],{"class":128},[52,149814,159],{"class":66},[14,149816,149817,149818,35],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[26,149819,149821],{"href":149820},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[37,149823,149825],{"id":149824},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149827,149828],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[42,149830,149832],{"className":44,"code":149831,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[49,149833,149834,149842,149852],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149835,149836,149838,149840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149837,125012],{"class":58},[52,149839,63],{"class":62},[52,149841,149490],{"class":66},[52,149843,149844,149846,149848,149850],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149845,149],{"class":148},[52,149847,152],{"class":66},[52,149849,125063],{"class":155},[52,149851,159],{"class":66},[52,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,149855,149],{"class":148},[52,149857,152],{"class":66},[52,149859,734],{"class":646},[52,149861,152],{"class":66},[52,149863,125063],{"class":155},[52,149865,742],{"class":66},[14,149867,164],{},[42,149869,149871],{"className":44,"code":149870,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[49,149872,149873,149877],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149874,149875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149876,650],{"class":66},[52,149878,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149880,771],{"class":62},[52,149882,775],{"class":774},[52,149884,186],{"class":73},[52,149886,49107],{"class":77},[52,149888,177],{"class":73},[52,149890,785],{"class":62},[14,149892,149893],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149895,149896],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[227,149898,149899,149904],{},[230,149900,149901,149902],{},"Empty tuple: ",[49,149903,7762],{},[230,149905,149906,149907],{},"Empty list: ",[49,149908,4184],{},[14,149910,149911,149912,35],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[26,149913,149914],{"href":57310},"Python list: creating a list",[37,149916,149918],{"id":149917},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149920,149921],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149923,149924,149925,149927],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[18,149926,1006],{}," automatically a tuple:",[42,149929,149931],{"className":44,"code":149930,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[49,149932,149933,149945,149955],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149934,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149936,2845],{"class":58},[52,149938,63],{"class":62},[52,149940,1118],{"class":66},[52,149942,2531],{"class":110},[52,149944,159],{"class":66},[52,149946,149947,149949,149951,149953],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149948,149],{"class":148},[52,149950,152],{"class":66},[52,149952,263],{"class":155},[52,149954,159],{"class":66},[52,149956,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,149958,149],{"class":148},[52,149960,152],{"class":66},[52,149962,734],{"class":646},[52,149964,152],{"class":66},[52,149966,263],{"class":155},[52,149968,742],{"class":66},[14,149970,164],{},[42,149972,149974],{"className":44,"code":149973,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,149975,149976,149980],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,149977,149978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149979,3344],{"class":110},[52,149981,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,149983,771],{"class":62},[52,149985,775],{"class":774},[52,149987,186],{"class":73},[52,149989,2585],{"class":77},[52,149991,177],{"class":73},[52,149993,785],{"class":62},[14,149995,149996],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[42,149998,150000],{"className":44,"code":149999,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[49,150001,150002,150014,150024],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150003,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150005,149495],{"class":58},[52,150007,63],{"class":62},[52,150009,1118],{"class":66},[52,150011,2531],{"class":110},[52,150013,149504],{"class":66},[52,150015,150016,150018,150020,150022],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150017,149],{"class":148},[52,150019,152],{"class":66},[52,150021,149573],{"class":155},[52,150023,159],{"class":66},[52,150025,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,150027,149],{"class":148},[52,150029,152],{"class":66},[52,150031,734],{"class":646},[52,150033,152],{"class":66},[52,150035,149573],{"class":155},[52,150037,742],{"class":66},[14,150039,164],{},[42,150041,150043],{"className":44,"code":150042,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[49,150044,150045,150053],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150046,150047,150049,150051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150048,152],{"class":66},[52,150050,2531],{"class":110},[52,150052,149504],{"class":66},[52,150054,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150056,771],{"class":62},[52,150058,775],{"class":774},[52,150060,186],{"class":73},[52,150062,49107],{"class":77},[52,150064,177],{"class":73},[52,150066,785],{"class":62},[14,150068,1785],{},[42,150070,150072],{"className":44,"code":150071,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(\"apple\",)\n",[49,150073,150074],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150075,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150077,152],{"class":66},[52,150079,81],{"class":73},[52,150081,4474],{"class":77},[52,150083,81],{"class":73},[52,150085,149504],{"class":66},[14,150087,1773],{},[42,150089,150091],{"className":44,"code":150090,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(\"apple\")\n",[49,150092,150093],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150094,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150096,152],{"class":66},[52,150098,81],{"class":73},[52,150100,4474],{"class":77},[52,150102,81],{"class":73},[52,150104,159],{"class":66},[14,150106,150107],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[37,150109,150111],{"id":150110},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150113,150114],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[487,150116,56618],{"id":1578},[42,150118,150119],{"className":44,"code":149690,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,150120,150121,150141],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150122,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150124,4012],{"class":58},[52,150126,63],{"class":62},[52,150128,1118],{"class":66},[52,150130,1565],{"class":110},[52,150132,193],{"class":66},[52,150134,1570],{"class":110},[52,150136,193],{"class":66},[52,150138,2850],{"class":110},[52,150140,159],{"class":66},[52,150142,150143,150145,150147,150149],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150144,149],{"class":148},[52,150146,152],{"class":66},[52,150148,1578],{"class":155},[52,150150,159],{"class":66},[487,150152,56621],{"id":5706},[42,150154,150156],{"className":44,"code":150155,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[49,150157,150158,150190],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150159,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150161,13431],{"class":58},[52,150163,63],{"class":62},[52,150165,1118],{"class":66},[52,150167,81],{"class":73},[52,150169,13448],{"class":77},[52,150171,81],{"class":73},[52,150173,193],{"class":66},[52,150175,87],{"class":73},[52,150177,17591],{"class":77},[52,150179,81],{"class":73},[52,150181,193],{"class":66},[52,150183,87],{"class":73},[52,150185,13465],{"class":77},[52,150187,81],{"class":73},[52,150189,159],{"class":66},[52,150191,150192,150194,150196,150198],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150193,149],{"class":148},[52,150195,152],{"class":66},[52,150197,17638],{"class":155},[52,150199,159],{"class":66},[487,150201,150203],{"id":150202},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[42,150205,150207],{"className":44,"code":150206,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[49,150208,150209,150233],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150210,150211,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150212,59630],{"class":58},[52,150214,63],{"class":62},[52,150216,1118],{"class":66},[52,150218,1565],{"class":110},[52,150220,193],{"class":66},[52,150222,87],{"class":73},[52,150224,4474],{"class":77},[52,150226,81],{"class":73},[52,150228,193],{"class":66},[52,150230,216],{"class":128},[52,150232,159],{"class":66},[52,150234,150235,150237,150239,150241],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150236,149],{"class":148},[52,150238,152],{"class":66},[52,150240,59683],{"class":155},[52,150242,159],{"class":66},[487,150244,150246],{"id":150245},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150248,150249],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[42,150251,150253],{"className":44,"code":150252,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[49,150254,150255,150296],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150256,150257,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150258,150259],{"class":58},"nested ",[52,150261,63],{"class":62},[52,150263,1118],{"class":66},[52,150265,1565],{"class":110},[52,150267,193],{"class":66},[52,150269,1118],{"class":66},[52,150271,81],{"class":73},[52,150273,26],{"class":77},[52,150275,81],{"class":73},[52,150277,193],{"class":66},[52,150279,87],{"class":73},[52,150281,5157],{"class":77},[52,150283,81],{"class":73},[52,150285,1115],{"class":66},[52,150287,4017],{"class":66},[52,150289,2728],{"class":110},[52,150291,193],{"class":66},[52,150293,111],{"class":110},[52,150295,1718],{"class":66},[52,150297,150298,150300,150302,150305],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150299,149],{"class":148},[52,150301,152],{"class":66},[52,150303,150304],{"class":155},"nested",[52,150306,159],{"class":66},[14,150308,164],{},[42,150310,150312],{"className":44,"code":150311,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[49,150313,150314],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150315,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150317,152],{"class":66},[52,150319,1565],{"class":110},[52,150321,193],{"class":66},[52,150323,1118],{"class":66},[52,150325,177],{"class":73},[52,150327,26],{"class":77},[52,150329,177],{"class":73},[52,150331,193],{"class":66},[52,150333,186],{"class":73},[52,150335,5157],{"class":77},[52,150337,177],{"class":73},[52,150339,1115],{"class":66},[52,150341,4017],{"class":66},[52,150343,2728],{"class":110},[52,150345,193],{"class":66},[52,150347,111],{"class":110},[52,150349,1718],{"class":66},[37,150351,150353,150354],{"id":150352},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[49,150355,38195],{},[14,150357,150358,150359,150361],{},"You can use the built-in ",[49,150360,38195],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150363,150364,150365,35],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[26,150366,63376],{"href":63375},[487,150368,105407],{"id":105406},[42,150370,150372],{"className":44,"code":150371,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,150373,150374,150396],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150375,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150377,4012],{"class":58},[52,150379,63],{"class":62},[52,150381,149514],{"class":646},[52,150383,2152],{"class":66},[52,150385,1565],{"class":110},[52,150387,193],{"class":66},[52,150389,1570],{"class":110},[52,150391,193],{"class":66},[52,150393,2850],{"class":110},[52,150395,1718],{"class":66},[52,150397,150398,150400,150402,150404],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150399,149],{"class":148},[52,150401,152],{"class":66},[52,150403,1578],{"class":155},[52,150405,159],{"class":66},[14,150407,164],{},[42,150409,150410],{"className":44,"code":149727,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,150411,150412],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150413,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150415,152],{"class":66},[52,150417,1565],{"class":110},[52,150419,193],{"class":66},[52,150421,1570],{"class":110},[52,150423,193],{"class":66},[52,150425,2850],{"class":110},[52,150427,159],{"class":66},[487,150429,105593],{"id":105592},[42,150431,150433],{"className":44,"code":150432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[49,150434,150435,150453],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150436,150437,150439,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150438,36237],{"class":58},[52,150440,63],{"class":62},[52,150442,149514],{"class":646},[52,150444,152],{"class":66},[52,150446,81],{"class":73},[52,150448,41711],{"class":77},[52,150450,81],{"class":73},[52,150452,159],{"class":66},[52,150454,150455,150457,150459,150461],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150456,149],{"class":148},[52,150458,152],{"class":66},[52,150460,36290],{"class":155},[52,150462,159],{"class":66},[14,150464,164],{},[42,150466,150468],{"className":44,"code":150467,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[49,150469,150470],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150471,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494,150496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150473,152],{"class":66},[52,150475,177],{"class":73},[52,150477,26],{"class":77},[52,150479,177],{"class":73},[52,150481,193],{"class":66},[52,150483,186],{"class":73},[52,150485,5157],{"class":77},[52,150487,177],{"class":73},[52,150489,193],{"class":66},[52,150491,186],{"class":73},[52,150493,10111],{"class":77},[52,150495,177],{"class":73},[52,150497,159],{"class":66},[14,150499,150500],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[487,150502,150504],{"id":150503},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[42,150506,150508],{"className":44,"code":150507,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[49,150509,150510,150528],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150513,4218],{"class":58},[52,150515,63],{"class":62},[52,150517,149514],{"class":646},[52,150519,152],{"class":66},[52,150521,60156],{"class":148},[52,150523,152],{"class":66},[52,150525,2903],{"class":110},[52,150527,742],{"class":66},[52,150529,150530,150532,150534,150536],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150531,149],{"class":148},[52,150533,152],{"class":66},[52,150535,2071],{"class":155},[52,150537,159],{"class":66},[14,150539,164],{},[42,150541,150543],{"className":44,"code":150542,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[49,150544,150545],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150546,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150548,152],{"class":66},[52,150550,2514],{"class":110},[52,150552,193],{"class":66},[52,150554,5895],{"class":110},[52,150556,193],{"class":66},[52,150558,1570],{"class":110},[52,150560,193],{"class":66},[52,150562,2850],{"class":110},[52,150564,159],{"class":66},[14,150566,150567],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[37,150569,20938],{"id":20937},[227,150571,150572,150575,150578,150581],{},[230,150573,150574],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[230,150576,150577],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[230,150579,150580],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[230,150582,150583],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150585,150586,150587,35],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[26,150588,150590],{"href":150589},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[37,150592,1743],{"id":1742},[14,150594,150595],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[487,150597,150599],{"id":150598},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150601,150602],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[42,150604,150606],{"className":44,"code":150605,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[49,150607,150608,150624],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150609,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150611,28679],{"class":58},[52,150613,63],{"class":62},[52,150615,1118],{"class":66},[52,150617,81],{"class":73},[52,150619,4474],{"class":77},[52,150621,81],{"class":73},[52,150623,159],{"class":66},[52,150625,150626,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150627,149],{"class":148},[52,150629,152],{"class":66},[52,150631,734],{"class":646},[52,150633,152],{"class":66},[52,150635,23449],{"class":155},[52,150637,742],{"class":66},[14,150639,150640],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[42,150642,150644],{"className":44,"code":150643,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[49,150645,150646,150662],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150647,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150649,28679],{"class":58},[52,150651,63],{"class":62},[52,150653,1118],{"class":66},[52,150655,81],{"class":73},[52,150657,4474],{"class":77},[52,150659,81],{"class":73},[52,150661,149504],{"class":66},[52,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150665,149],{"class":148},[52,150667,152],{"class":66},[52,150669,734],{"class":646},[52,150671,152],{"class":66},[52,150673,23449],{"class":155},[52,150675,742],{"class":66},[487,150677,150679],{"id":150678},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150681,150682],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[42,150684,150686],{"className":44,"code":150685,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[49,150687,150688,150708],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150691,4218],{"class":58},[52,150693,63],{"class":62},[52,150695,4017],{"class":66},[52,150697,1565],{"class":110},[52,150699,193],{"class":66},[52,150701,1570],{"class":110},[52,150703,193],{"class":66},[52,150705,2850],{"class":110},[52,150707,4030],{"class":66},[52,150709,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150711,149],{"class":148},[52,150713,152],{"class":66},[52,150715,734],{"class":646},[52,150717,152],{"class":66},[52,150719,2071],{"class":155},[52,150721,742],{"class":66},[14,150723,150724],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[42,150726,150728],{"className":44,"code":150727,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[49,150729,150730,150750],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150731,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150733,4218],{"class":58},[52,150735,63],{"class":62},[52,150737,1118],{"class":66},[52,150739,1565],{"class":110},[52,150741,193],{"class":66},[52,150743,1570],{"class":110},[52,150745,193],{"class":66},[52,150747,2850],{"class":110},[52,150749,159],{"class":66},[52,150751,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150753,149],{"class":148},[52,150755,152],{"class":66},[52,150757,734],{"class":646},[52,150759,152],{"class":66},[52,150761,2071],{"class":155},[52,150763,742],{"class":66},[487,150765,150767],{"id":150766},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150769,150580],{},[42,150771,150773],{"className":44,"code":150772,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[49,150774,150775,150795],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150776,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150778,4012],{"class":58},[52,150780,63],{"class":62},[52,150782,1118],{"class":66},[52,150784,1565],{"class":110},[52,150786,193],{"class":66},[52,150788,1570],{"class":110},[52,150790,193],{"class":66},[52,150792,2850],{"class":110},[52,150794,159],{"class":66},[52,150796,150797],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150798,150799],{"class":1017},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150801,150802],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[487,150804,37352,150806,150809],{"id":150805},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[49,150807,150808],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150811,64802],{},[42,150813,150814],{"className":44,"code":150432,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,150815,150816,150834],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150817,150818,150820,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830,150832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150819,36237],{"class":58},[52,150821,63],{"class":62},[52,150823,149514],{"class":646},[52,150825,152],{"class":66},[52,150827,81],{"class":73},[52,150829,41711],{"class":77},[52,150831,81],{"class":73},[52,150833,159],{"class":66},[52,150835,150836,150838,150840,150842],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150837,149],{"class":148},[52,150839,152],{"class":66},[52,150841,36290],{"class":155},[52,150843,159],{"class":66},[14,150845,150846],{},"gives:",[42,150848,150849],{"className":44,"code":150467,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,150850,150851],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150852,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875,150877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150854,152],{"class":66},[52,150856,177],{"class":73},[52,150858,26],{"class":77},[52,150860,177],{"class":73},[52,150862,193],{"class":66},[52,150864,186],{"class":73},[52,150866,5157],{"class":77},[52,150868,177],{"class":73},[52,150870,193],{"class":66},[52,150872,186],{"class":73},[52,150874,10111],{"class":77},[52,150876,177],{"class":73},[52,150878,159],{"class":66},[14,150880,150881],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[42,150883,150885],{"className":44,"code":150884,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[49,150886,150887,150903],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150888,150889,150891,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150890,6553],{"class":58},[52,150892,63],{"class":62},[52,150894,1118],{"class":66},[52,150896,81],{"class":73},[52,150898,41711],{"class":77},[52,150900,81],{"class":73},[52,150902,149504],{"class":66},[52,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150906,149],{"class":148},[52,150908,152],{"class":66},[52,150910,38540],{"class":155},[52,150912,159],{"class":66},[14,150914,164],{},[42,150916,150918],{"className":44,"code":150917,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('abc',)\n",[49,150919,150920],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150921,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150923,152],{"class":66},[52,150925,177],{"class":73},[52,150927,41711],{"class":77},[52,150929,177],{"class":73},[52,150931,149504],{"class":66},[487,150933,150935],{"id":150934},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150937,150938],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[42,150940,150942],{"className":44,"code":150941,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[49,150943,150944,150961,150965,150975,150989],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,150945,150946,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150947,150948],{"class":58},"my_tuple ",[52,150950,63],{"class":62},[52,150952,1118],{"class":66},[52,150954,81],{"class":73},[52,150956,4474],{"class":77},[52,150958,81],{"class":73},[52,150960,149504],{"class":66},[52,150962,150963],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,150964,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,150966,150967,150969,150971,150973],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,150968,149],{"class":148},[52,150970,152],{"class":66},[52,150972,148166],{"class":155},[52,150974,159],{"class":66},[52,150976,150977,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,150978,149],{"class":148},[52,150980,152],{"class":66},[52,150982,734],{"class":646},[52,150984,152],{"class":66},[52,150986,148166],{"class":155},[52,150988,742],{"class":66},[52,150990,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,150992,149],{"class":148},[52,150994,152],{"class":66},[52,150996,2082],{"class":148},[52,150998,152],{"class":66},[52,151000,148166],{"class":155},[52,151002,742],{"class":66},[37,151004,2220],{"id":2219},[487,151006,151008],{"id":151007},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,151010,151011,151012,151015],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[49,151013,151014],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[487,151017,151019],{"id":151018},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,151021,151022],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[487,151024,151026],{"id":151025},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,151028,151029],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[487,151031,151033],{"id":151032},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,151035,151036],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[487,151038,5539,151040,13073],{"id":151039},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[49,151041,150808],{},[14,151043,5545,151044,151047],{},[49,151045,151046],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[37,151049,2277],{"id":2276},[227,151051,151052,151056,151060,151066,151071,151076,151080],{},[230,151053,151054],{},[26,151055,148148],{"href":148147},[230,151057,151058],{},[26,151059,149821],{"href":149820},[230,151061,151062],{},[26,151063,151065],{"href":151064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[230,151067,151068],{},[26,151069,151070],{"href":149386},"Python tuple length with len()",[230,151072,151073],{},[26,151074,151075],{"href":149451},"What is a tuple in Python?",[230,151077,151078],{},[26,151079,63376],{"href":63375},[230,151081,151082],{},[26,151083,151084],{"href":150589},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2315,151086,151087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":151089},[151090,151091,151092,151093,151094,151095,151101,151107,151108,151116,151124],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":149680,"depth":70,"text":149681},{"id":149824,"depth":70,"text":149825},{"id":149917,"depth":70,"text":149918},{"id":150110,"depth":70,"text":150111,"children":151096},[151097,151098,151099,151100],{"id":1578,"depth":98,"text":56618},{"id":5706,"depth":98,"text":56621},{"id":150202,"depth":98,"text":150203},{"id":150245,"depth":98,"text":150246},{"id":150352,"depth":70,"text":151102,"children":151103},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151104,151105,151106],{"id":105406,"depth":98,"text":105407},{"id":105592,"depth":98,"text":105593},{"id":150503,"depth":98,"text":150504},{"id":20937,"depth":70,"text":20938},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":151109},[151110,151111,151112,151113,151115],{"id":150598,"depth":98,"text":150599},{"id":150678,"depth":98,"text":150679},{"id":150766,"depth":98,"text":150767},{"id":150805,"depth":98,"text":151114},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150934,"depth":98,"text":150935},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":151117},[151118,151119,151120,151121,151122],{"id":151007,"depth":98,"text":151008},{"id":151018,"depth":98,"text":151019},{"id":151025,"depth":98,"text":151026},{"id":151032,"depth":98,"text":151033},{"id":151039,"depth":98,"text":151123},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149437,"description":151125},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151132,"title":151133,"body":151134,"description":152679,"extension":2357,"meta":152680,"navigation":141,"path":152681,"seo":152682,"stem":152683,"__hash__":152684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151135,"toc":152649},[151136,151139,151144,151146,151159,151165,151167,151234,151236,151271,151276,151280,151284,151286,151297,151305,151307,151309,151330,151332,151352,151355,151357,151362,151405,151407,151429,151432,151445,151449,151453,151456,151509,151511,151532,151537,151541,151544,151589,151591,151624,151636,151640,151648,151685,151687,151716,151720,151723,151776,151778,151798,151805,151809,151814,151883,151885,151910,151914,151917,151923,152000,152002,152061,152063,152075,152080,152084,152088,152102,152104,152139,152141,152158,152161,152174,152178,152182,152193,152198,152213,152216,152219,152221,152224,152228,152230,152244,152246,152270,152275,152279,152282,152301,152304,152353,152358,152375,152378,152411,152415,152417,152468,152471,152496,152499,152522,152526,152532,152534,152569,152572,152577,152579,152583,152586,152590,152595,152599,152602,152606,152609,152613,152618,152620,152646],[10,151137,151133],{"id":151138},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151140,9518,151141,151143],{},[49,151142,38195],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151145,82748],{},[227,151147,151148,151153],{},[230,151149,151150,151152],{},[49,151151,38195],{}," creates an empty tuple",[230,151154,151155,151158],{},[49,151156,151157],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151160,151161,151162,151164],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[49,151163,38195],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[37,151166,40],{"id":39},[42,151168,151170],{"className":44,"code":151169,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,151171,151172,151192,151206,151210,151220],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151173,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188,151190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151175,4012],{"class":58},[52,151177,63],{"class":62},[52,151179,4017],{"class":66},[52,151181,1565],{"class":110},[52,151183,193],{"class":66},[52,151185,1570],{"class":110},[52,151187,193],{"class":66},[52,151189,2850],{"class":110},[52,151191,4030],{"class":66},[52,151193,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151195,2626],{"class":58},[52,151197,63],{"class":62},[52,151199,149514],{"class":646},[52,151201,152],{"class":66},[52,151203,1578],{"class":155},[52,151205,159],{"class":66},[52,151207,151208],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151209,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151211,151212,151214,151216,151218],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151213,149],{"class":148},[52,151215,152],{"class":66},[52,151217,2661],{"class":155},[52,151219,159],{"class":66},[52,151221,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,151223,149],{"class":148},[52,151225,152],{"class":66},[52,151227,734],{"class":646},[52,151229,152],{"class":66},[52,151231,2661],{"class":155},[52,151233,742],{"class":66},[14,151235,164],{},[42,151237,151239],{"className":44,"code":151238,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[49,151240,151241,151257],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151242,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151244,152],{"class":66},[52,151246,1565],{"class":110},[52,151248,193],{"class":66},[52,151250,1570],{"class":110},[52,151252,193],{"class":66},[52,151254,2850],{"class":110},[52,151256,159],{"class":66},[52,151258,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151260,771],{"class":62},[52,151262,775],{"class":774},[52,151264,186],{"class":73},[52,151266,49107],{"class":77},[52,151268,177],{"class":73},[52,151270,785],{"class":62},[14,151272,340,151273,151275],{},[49,151274,151157],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[37,151277,151279],{"id":151278},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151281,151282,63084],{},[49,151283,38195],{},[14,151285,49081],{},[227,151287,151288,151291,151294],{},[230,151289,151290],{},"creates a tuple object",[230,151292,151293],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[230,151295,151296],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151298,151299,151300,151302,151303,35],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[26,151301,149452],{"href":149451}," or the full guide to ",[26,151304,148148],{"href":148147},[37,151306,2553],{"id":2552},[14,151308,26627],{},[42,151310,151312],{"className":44,"code":151311,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[49,151313,151314,151320],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151315,151316,151318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151317,49107],{"class":646},[52,151319,650],{"class":66},[52,151321,151322,151324,151326,151328],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151323,49107],{"class":646},[52,151325,152],{"class":66},[52,151327,4117],{"class":155},[52,151329,159],{"class":66},[14,151331,11820],{},[227,151333,151334,151337],{},[230,151335,151336],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[230,151338,151339,151340],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[227,151341,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350],{},[230,151343,5697],{},[230,151345,5706],{},[230,151347,63155],{},[230,151349,5703],{},[230,151351,7648],{},[14,151353,151354],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[37,151356,149825],{"id":149824},[14,151358,29791,151359,151361],{},[49,151360,38195],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[42,151363,151365],{"className":44,"code":151364,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[49,151366,151367,151377,151381,151391],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151368,151369,151371,151373,151375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151370,125012],{"class":58},[52,151372,63],{"class":62},[52,151374,149514],{"class":646},[52,151376,650],{"class":66},[52,151378,151379],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151380,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151382,151383,151385,151387,151389],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151384,149],{"class":148},[52,151386,152],{"class":66},[52,151388,125063],{"class":155},[52,151390,159],{"class":66},[52,151392,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151394,149],{"class":148},[52,151396,152],{"class":66},[52,151398,734],{"class":646},[52,151400,152],{"class":66},[52,151402,125063],{"class":155},[52,151404,742],{"class":66},[14,151406,164],{},[42,151408,151409],{"className":44,"code":149870,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,151410,151411,151415],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151412,151413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151414,650],{"class":66},[52,151416,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151418,771],{"class":62},[52,151420,775],{"class":774},[52,151422,186],{"class":73},[52,151424,49107],{"class":77},[52,151426,177],{"class":73},[52,151428,785],{"class":62},[14,151430,151431],{},"This is equivalent to:",[42,151433,151435],{"className":44,"code":151434,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty = ()\n",[49,151436,151437],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151438,151439,151441,151443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151440,125012],{"class":58},[52,151442,63],{"class":62},[52,151444,149490],{"class":66},[37,151446,151448],{"id":151447},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[487,151450,151452],{"id":151451},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151454,151455],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[42,151457,151459],{"className":44,"code":151458,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,151460,151461,151481,151495,151499],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151462,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151464,4012],{"class":58},[52,151466,63],{"class":62},[52,151468,4017],{"class":66},[52,151470,2728],{"class":110},[52,151472,193],{"class":66},[52,151474,111],{"class":110},[52,151476,193],{"class":66},[52,151478,1929],{"class":110},[52,151480,4030],{"class":66},[52,151482,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151484,2626],{"class":58},[52,151486,63],{"class":62},[52,151488,149514],{"class":646},[52,151490,152],{"class":66},[52,151492,1578],{"class":155},[52,151494,159],{"class":66},[52,151496,151497],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151498,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151500,151501,151503,151505,151507],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151502,149],{"class":148},[52,151504,152],{"class":66},[52,151506,2661],{"class":155},[52,151508,159],{"class":66},[14,151510,164],{},[42,151512,151514],{"className":44,"code":151513,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[49,151515,151516],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151517,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151519,152],{"class":66},[52,151521,2728],{"class":110},[52,151523,193],{"class":66},[52,151525,111],{"class":110},[52,151527,193],{"class":66},[52,151529,1929],{"class":110},[52,151531,159],{"class":66},[14,151533,151534,151535,35],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[26,151536,105212],{"href":60213},[487,151538,151540],{"id":151539},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151542,151543],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[42,151545,151547],{"className":44,"code":151546,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,151548,151549,151561,151575,151579],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151550,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151552,34832],{"class":58},[52,151554,63],{"class":62},[52,151556,87],{"class":73},[52,151558,37195],{"class":77},[52,151560,297],{"class":73},[52,151562,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151564,2626],{"class":58},[52,151566,63],{"class":62},[52,151568,149514],{"class":646},[52,151570,152],{"class":66},[52,151572,34853],{"class":155},[52,151574,159],{"class":66},[52,151576,151577],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151578,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151580,151581,151583,151585,151587],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151582,149],{"class":148},[52,151584,152],{"class":66},[52,151586,2661],{"class":155},[52,151588,159],{"class":66},[14,151590,164],{},[42,151592,151594],{"className":44,"code":151593,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[49,151595,151596],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151597,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151599,152],{"class":66},[52,151601,177],{"class":73},[52,151603,10111],{"class":77},[52,151605,177],{"class":73},[52,151607,193],{"class":66},[52,151609,186],{"class":73},[52,151611,26],{"class":77},[52,151613,177],{"class":73},[52,151615,193],{"class":66},[52,151617,186],{"class":73},[52,151619,63445],{"class":77},[52,151621,177],{"class":73},[52,151623,159],{"class":66},[14,151625,151626,151627,14408,151630,151632,151633,35],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[49,151628,151629],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[18,151631,1006],{}," create ",[49,151634,151635],{},"('cat',)",[487,151637,151639],{"id":151638},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151641,151642,151644,151645,151647],{},[49,151643,36345],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[49,151646,38195],{}," collects them all.",[42,151649,151651],{"className":44,"code":151650,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,151652,151653,151671,151675],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151654,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151656,2626],{"class":58},[52,151658,63],{"class":62},[52,151660,149514],{"class":646},[52,151662,152],{"class":66},[52,151664,60156],{"class":148},[52,151666,152],{"class":66},[52,151668,2531],{"class":110},[52,151670,742],{"class":66},[52,151672,151673],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151674,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151676,151677,151679,151681,151683],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151678,149],{"class":148},[52,151680,152],{"class":66},[52,151682,2661],{"class":155},[52,151684,159],{"class":66},[14,151686,164],{},[42,151688,151690],{"className":44,"code":151689,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[49,151691,151692],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151693,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151695,152],{"class":66},[52,151697,2514],{"class":110},[52,151699,193],{"class":66},[52,151701,5895],{"class":110},[52,151703,193],{"class":66},[52,151705,1570],{"class":110},[52,151707,193],{"class":66},[52,151709,2850],{"class":110},[52,151711,193],{"class":66},[52,151713,2856],{"class":110},[52,151715,159],{"class":66},[487,151717,151719],{"id":151718},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151721,151722],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[42,151724,151726],{"className":44,"code":151725,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,151727,151728,151748,151762,151766],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151729,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151731,4218],{"class":58},[52,151733,63],{"class":62},[52,151735,1799],{"class":66},[52,151737,1565],{"class":110},[52,151739,193],{"class":66},[52,151741,1570],{"class":110},[52,151743,193],{"class":66},[52,151745,2850],{"class":110},[52,151747,135],{"class":66},[52,151749,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151751,2626],{"class":58},[52,151753,63],{"class":62},[52,151755,149514],{"class":646},[52,151757,152],{"class":66},[52,151759,2071],{"class":155},[52,151761,159],{"class":66},[52,151763,151764],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151765,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151767,151768,151770,151772,151774],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151769,149],{"class":148},[52,151771,152],{"class":66},[52,151773,2661],{"class":155},[52,151775,159],{"class":66},[14,151777,164],{},[42,151779,151780],{"className":44,"code":149727,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,151781,151782],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151783,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151785,152],{"class":66},[52,151787,1565],{"class":110},[52,151789,193],{"class":66},[52,151791,1570],{"class":110},[52,151793,193],{"class":66},[52,151795,2850],{"class":110},[52,151797,159],{"class":66},[14,151799,151800,151801,35],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[26,151802,151804],{"href":151803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[487,151806,151808],{"id":151807},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151810,63698,151811,151813],{},[49,151812,38195],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[42,151815,151817],{"className":44,"code":151816,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[49,151818,151819,151855,151869,151873],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151820,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151822,13560],{"class":58},[52,151824,63],{"class":62},[52,151826,1799],{"class":66},[52,151828,81],{"class":73},[52,151830,78],{"class":77},[52,151832,81],{"class":73},[52,151834,84],{"class":66},[52,151836,87],{"class":73},[52,151838,90],{"class":77},[52,151840,81],{"class":73},[52,151842,193],{"class":66},[52,151844,87],{"class":73},[52,151846,103],{"class":77},[52,151848,81],{"class":73},[52,151850,84],{"class":66},[52,151852,9684],{"class":110},[52,151854,135],{"class":66},[52,151856,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151858,2626],{"class":58},[52,151860,63],{"class":62},[52,151862,149514],{"class":646},[52,151864,152],{"class":66},[52,151866,17442],{"class":155},[52,151868,159],{"class":66},[52,151870,151871],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151872,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151874,151875,151877,151879,151881],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151876,149],{"class":148},[52,151878,152],{"class":66},[52,151880,2661],{"class":155},[52,151882,159],{"class":66},[14,151884,30171],{},[42,151886,151888],{"className":44,"code":151887,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('name', 'age')\n",[49,151889,151890],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151891,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906,151908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151893,152],{"class":66},[52,151895,177],{"class":73},[52,151897,78],{"class":77},[52,151899,177],{"class":73},[52,151901,193],{"class":66},[52,151903,186],{"class":73},[52,151905,103],{"class":77},[52,151907,177],{"class":73},[52,151909,159],{"class":66},[37,151911,151913],{"id":151912},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151915,151916],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151918,151919,151922],{},[49,151920,151921],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[42,151924,151926],{"className":44,"code":151925,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[49,151927,151928,151964,151968,151982],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,151929,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151931,13560],{"class":58},[52,151933,63],{"class":62},[52,151935,1799],{"class":66},[52,151937,81],{"class":73},[52,151939,78],{"class":77},[52,151941,81],{"class":73},[52,151943,84],{"class":66},[52,151945,87],{"class":73},[52,151947,90],{"class":77},[52,151949,81],{"class":73},[52,151951,193],{"class":66},[52,151953,87],{"class":73},[52,151955,103],{"class":77},[52,151957,81],{"class":73},[52,151959,84],{"class":66},[52,151961,9684],{"class":110},[52,151963,135],{"class":66},[52,151965,151966],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,151967,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,151969,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,151971,149],{"class":148},[52,151973,152],{"class":66},[52,151975,49107],{"class":646},[52,151977,152],{"class":66},[52,151979,17442],{"class":155},[52,151981,742],{"class":66},[52,151983,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,151985,149],{"class":148},[52,151987,152],{"class":66},[52,151989,49107],{"class":646},[52,151991,152],{"class":66},[52,151993,17442],{"class":155},[52,151995,35],{"class":66},[52,151997,8204],{"class":155},[52,151999,6688],{"class":66},[14,152001,164],{},[42,152003,152005],{"className":44,"code":152004,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[49,152006,152007,152027],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152008,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152010,152],{"class":66},[52,152012,177],{"class":73},[52,152014,78],{"class":77},[52,152016,177],{"class":73},[52,152018,193],{"class":66},[52,152020,186],{"class":73},[52,152022,103],{"class":77},[52,152024,177],{"class":73},[52,152026,159],{"class":66},[52,152028,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152030,5908],{"class":66},[52,152032,177],{"class":73},[52,152034,78],{"class":77},[52,152036,177],{"class":73},[52,152038,193],{"class":66},[52,152040,186],{"class":73},[52,152042,90],{"class":77},[52,152044,177],{"class":73},[52,152046,1115],{"class":66},[52,152048,1118],{"class":66},[52,152050,177],{"class":73},[52,152052,103],{"class":77},[52,152054,177],{"class":73},[52,152056,193],{"class":66},[52,152058,9684],{"class":110},[52,152060,742],{"class":66},[14,152062,18831],{},[227,152064,152065,152070],{},[230,152066,152067,152069],{},[49,152068,151921],{}," for keys",[230,152071,152072,32700],{},[49,152073,152074],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,152076,152077,152078,35],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[26,152079,63708],{"href":63707},[37,152081,152083],{"id":152082},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,152085,152086,18455],{},[49,152087,38195],{},[227,152089,152090,152093,152096,152099],{},[230,152091,152092],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[230,152094,152095],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[230,152097,152098],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[230,152100,152101],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152103,511],{},[42,152105,152107],{"className":44,"code":152106,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[49,152108,152109,152128],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152110,152111,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152112,152113],{"class":58},"coordinates ",[52,152115,63],{"class":62},[52,152117,149514],{"class":646},[52,152119,2152],{"class":66},[52,152121,2903],{"class":110},[52,152123,193],{"class":66},[52,152125,6392],{"class":110},[52,152127,1718],{"class":66},[52,152129,152130,152132,152134,152137],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152131,149],{"class":148},[52,152133,152],{"class":66},[52,152135,152136],{"class":155},"coordinates",[52,152138,159],{"class":66},[14,152140,164],{},[42,152142,152144],{"className":44,"code":152143,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(4, 7)\n",[49,152145,152146],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152147,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152149,152],{"class":66},[52,152151,2903],{"class":110},[52,152153,193],{"class":66},[52,152155,6392],{"class":110},[52,152157,159],{"class":66},[14,152159,152160],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[227,152162,152163,152165,152168,152171],{},[230,152164,152136],{},[230,152166,152167],{},"RGB colors",[230,152169,152170],{},"dates",[230,152172,152173],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[37,152175,152177],{"id":152176},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152179,44581,152180,10970],{},[49,152181,38195],{},[227,152183,152184,152187,152190],{},[230,152185,152186],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[230,152188,152189],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[230,152191,152192],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152194,116639,152195,152197],{},[18,152196,1006],{}," work:",[42,152199,152201],{"className":44,"code":152200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple(5)\n",[49,152202,152203],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152204,152205,152207,152209,152211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152206,49107],{"class":646},[52,152208,152],{"class":66},[52,152210,2531],{"class":110},[52,152212,159],{"class":66},[14,152214,152215],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152217,152218],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[37,152220,115477],{"id":115476},[14,152222,152223],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[487,152225,152227],{"id":152226},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152229,3235],{},[42,152231,152232],{"className":44,"code":152200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,152233,152234],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152235,152236,152238,152240,152242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152237,49107],{"class":646},[52,152239,152],{"class":66},[52,152241,2531],{"class":110},[52,152243,159],{"class":66},[14,152245,29822],{},[42,152247,152248],{"className":44,"code":63812,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,152249,152250],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152251,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152253,3401],{"class":646},[52,152255,84],{"class":66},[52,152257,186],{"class":73},[52,152259,2585],{"class":77},[52,152261,177],{"class":73},[52,152263,24756],{"class":646},[52,152265,8491],{"class":62},[52,152267,8494],{"class":62},[52,152269,63835],{"class":58},[14,152271,152272,152273,35],{},"If you see this, read ",[26,152274,62449],{"href":52755},[487,152276,152278],{"id":152277},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152280,152281],{},"This code:",[42,152283,152285],{"className":44,"code":152284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[49,152286,152287],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152288,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152290,49107],{"class":646},[52,152292,152],{"class":66},[52,152294,81],{"class":73},[52,152296,4241],{"class":77},[52,152298,81],{"class":73},[52,152300,159],{"class":66},[14,152302,152303],{},"returns:",[42,152305,152307],{"className":44,"code":152306,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[49,152308,152309],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152310,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152312,152],{"class":66},[52,152314,177],{"class":73},[52,152316,60596],{"class":77},[52,152318,177],{"class":73},[52,152320,193],{"class":66},[52,152322,186],{"class":73},[52,152324,60605],{"class":77},[52,152326,177],{"class":73},[52,152328,193],{"class":66},[52,152330,186],{"class":73},[52,152332,60614],{"class":77},[52,152334,177],{"class":73},[52,152336,193],{"class":66},[52,152338,186],{"class":73},[52,152340,60614],{"class":77},[52,152342,177],{"class":73},[52,152344,193],{"class":66},[52,152346,186],{"class":73},[52,152348,60631],{"class":77},[52,152350,177],{"class":73},[52,152352,159],{"class":66},[14,152354,41056,152355,152357],{},[18,152356,1006],{}," return:",[42,152359,152361],{"className":44,"code":152360,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('hello',)\n",[49,152362,152363],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152364,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152366,152],{"class":66},[52,152368,177],{"class":73},[52,152370,4241],{"class":77},[52,152372,177],{"class":73},[52,152374,149504],{"class":66},[14,152376,152377],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[42,152379,152381],{"className":44,"code":152380,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[49,152382,152383,152400],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152384,152385,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152386,152387],{"class":58},"single ",[52,152389,63],{"class":62},[52,152391,1118],{"class":66},[52,152393,81],{"class":73},[52,152395,4241],{"class":77},[52,152397,81],{"class":73},[52,152399,149504],{"class":66},[52,152401,152402,152404,152406,152409],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152403,149],{"class":148},[52,152405,152],{"class":66},[52,152407,152408],{"class":155},"single",[52,152410,159],{"class":66},[487,152412,152414],{"id":152413},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152416,152281],{},[42,152418,152420],{"className":44,"code":152419,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[49,152421,152422,152454],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152423,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152425,616],{"class":58},[52,152427,63],{"class":62},[52,152429,1799],{"class":66},[52,152431,81],{"class":73},[52,152433,26],{"class":77},[52,152435,81],{"class":73},[52,152437,84],{"class":66},[52,152439,5895],{"class":110},[52,152441,193],{"class":66},[52,152443,87],{"class":73},[52,152445,5157],{"class":77},[52,152447,81],{"class":73},[52,152449,84],{"class":66},[52,152451,1570],{"class":110},[52,152453,135],{"class":66},[52,152455,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152457,149],{"class":148},[52,152459,152],{"class":66},[52,152461,49107],{"class":646},[52,152463,152],{"class":66},[52,152465,630],{"class":155},[52,152467,742],{"class":66},[14,152469,152470],{},"returns only the keys:",[42,152472,152474],{"className":44,"code":152473,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('a', 'b')\n",[49,152475,152476],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152477,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152479,152],{"class":66},[52,152481,177],{"class":73},[52,152483,26],{"class":77},[52,152485,177],{"class":73},[52,152487,193],{"class":66},[52,152489,186],{"class":73},[52,152491,5157],{"class":77},[52,152493,177],{"class":73},[52,152495,159],{"class":66},[14,152497,152498],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[42,152500,152502],{"className":44,"code":152501,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[49,152503,152504],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152505,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152507,149],{"class":148},[52,152509,152],{"class":66},[52,152511,49107],{"class":646},[52,152513,152],{"class":66},[52,152515,630],{"class":155},[52,152517,35],{"class":66},[52,152519,8204],{"class":155},[52,152521,6688],{"class":66},[487,152523,152525],{"id":152524},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152527,152528,152529,152531],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[49,152530,38195],{}," conversion.",[14,152533,5869],{},[42,152535,152537],{"className":44,"code":152536,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[49,152538,152539,152559],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152540,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152542,2845],{"class":58},[52,152544,63],{"class":62},[52,152546,1118],{"class":66},[52,152548,1565],{"class":110},[52,152550,193],{"class":66},[52,152552,1570],{"class":110},[52,152554,193],{"class":66},[52,152556,2850],{"class":110},[52,152558,159],{"class":66},[52,152560,152561,152563,152565,152567],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152562,149],{"class":148},[52,152564,152],{"class":66},[52,152566,263],{"class":155},[52,152568,159],{"class":66},[14,152570,152571],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152573,25645,152574,152576],{},[49,152575,38195],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[37,152578,2220],{"id":2219},[487,152580,152582],{"id":152581},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152584,152585],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[487,152587,152589],{"id":152588},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152591,152592,152593,35],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[49,152594,7762],{},[487,152596,152598],{"id":152597},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152600,152601],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[487,152603,152605],{"id":152604},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152607,152608],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[487,152610,152612],{"id":152611},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152614,152615,152616,35],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[49,152617,3401],{},[37,152619,2277],{"id":2276},[227,152621,152622,152626,152630,152634,152638,152642],{},[230,152623,152624],{},[26,152625,148148],{"href":148147},[230,152627,152628],{},[26,152629,151075],{"href":149451},[230,152631,152632],{},[26,152633,105212],{"href":60213},[230,152635,152636],{},[26,152637,151804],{"href":151803},[230,152639,152640],{},[26,152641,63708],{"href":63707},[230,152643,152644],{},[26,152645,62449],{"href":52755},[2315,152647,152648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":152650},[152651,152652,152653,152654,152655,152662,152663,152664,152665,152671,152678],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":151278,"depth":70,"text":151279},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":149824,"depth":70,"text":149825},{"id":151447,"depth":70,"text":151448,"children":152656},[152657,152658,152659,152660,152661],{"id":151451,"depth":98,"text":151452},{"id":151539,"depth":98,"text":151540},{"id":151638,"depth":98,"text":151639},{"id":151718,"depth":98,"text":151719},{"id":151807,"depth":98,"text":151808},{"id":151912,"depth":70,"text":151913},{"id":152082,"depth":70,"text":152083},{"id":152176,"depth":70,"text":152177},{"id":115476,"depth":70,"text":115477,"children":152666},[152667,152668,152669,152670],{"id":152226,"depth":98,"text":152227},{"id":152277,"depth":98,"text":152278},{"id":152413,"depth":98,"text":152414},{"id":152524,"depth":98,"text":152525},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":152672},[152673,152674,152675,152676,152677],{"id":152581,"depth":98,"text":152582},{"id":152588,"depth":98,"text":152589},{"id":152597,"depth":98,"text":152598},{"id":152604,"depth":98,"text":152605},{"id":152611,"depth":98,"text":152612},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151133,"description":152679},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152686,"title":152687,"body":152688,"description":154101,"extension":2357,"meta":154102,"navigation":141,"path":154103,"seo":154104,"stem":154105,"__hash__":154106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152689,"toc":154073},[152690,152695,152700,152703,152705,152784,152790,152795,152799,152814,152816,152863,152865,152873,152881,152887,152889,152894,152914,152917,152944,152946,152970,152972,153114,153116,153120,153128,153131,153133,153210,153212,153220,153224,153228,153238,153248,153250,153255,153257,153316,153321,153323,153423,153425,153439,153444,153450,153457,153460,153462,153572,153576,153593,153595,153658,153660,153668,153680,153684,153689,153717,153720,153802,153804,153815,153817,153821,153848,153850,153852,153932,153940,153942,153997,153999,154004,154007,154011,154015,154017,154021,154025,154033,154040,154043,154045,154070],[10,152691,148032,152693,11684],{"id":152692},"python-tuple-index-method",[49,152694,59125],{},[14,152696,152697,152699],{},[49,152698,149353],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152701,152702],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[37,152704,40],{"id":39},[42,152706,152708],{"className":44,"code":152707,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[49,152709,152710,152750,152772],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152711,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152713,13431],{"class":58},[52,152715,63],{"class":62},[52,152717,1118],{"class":66},[52,152719,81],{"class":73},[52,152721,13448],{"class":77},[52,152723,81],{"class":73},[52,152725,193],{"class":66},[52,152727,87],{"class":73},[52,152729,13465],{"class":77},[52,152731,81],{"class":73},[52,152733,193],{"class":66},[52,152735,87],{"class":73},[52,152737,17591],{"class":77},[52,152739,81],{"class":73},[52,152741,193],{"class":66},[52,152743,87],{"class":73},[52,152745,13465],{"class":77},[52,152747,81],{"class":73},[52,152749,159],{"class":66},[52,152751,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152753,65078],{"class":58},[52,152755,63],{"class":62},[52,152757,13479],{"class":58},[52,152759,35],{"class":66},[52,152761,35992],{"class":155},[52,152763,152],{"class":66},[52,152765,81],{"class":73},[52,152767,13465],{"class":77},[52,152769,81],{"class":73},[52,152771,159],{"class":66},[52,152773,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,152775,149],{"class":148},[52,152777,152],{"class":66},[52,152779,65105],{"class":155},[52,152781,4056],{"class":66},[52,152783,27920],{"class":1017},[14,152785,152786,152789],{},[49,152787,152788],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[37,152791,4073,152793,4076],{"id":152792},"what-tupleindex-does",[49,152794,149353],{},[14,152796,2374,152797,11775],{},[49,152798,59125],{},[227,152800,152801,152804,152806,152809],{},[230,152802,152803],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[230,152805,128630],{},[230,152807,152808],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[230,152810,152811,152812],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[49,152813,2514],{},[14,152815,511],{},[42,152817,152819],{"className":44,"code":152818,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[49,152820,152821,152845],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152822,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152824,4012],{"class":58},[52,152826,63],{"class":62},[52,152828,1118],{"class":66},[52,152830,2728],{"class":110},[52,152832,193],{"class":66},[52,152834,111],{"class":110},[52,152836,193],{"class":66},[52,152838,1929],{"class":110},[52,152840,193],{"class":66},[52,152842,111],{"class":110},[52,152844,159],{"class":66},[52,152846,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,152848,149],{"class":148},[52,152850,152],{"class":66},[52,152852,1578],{"class":155},[52,152854,35],{"class":66},[52,152856,35992],{"class":155},[52,152858,152],{"class":66},[52,152860,852],{"class":110},[52,152862,742],{"class":66},[14,152864,164],{},[42,152866,152867],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,152868,152869],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152870,152871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152872,47070],{"class":110},[14,152874,21115,152875,152877,152878,152880],{},[49,152876,852],{}," appears twice, ",[49,152879,59125],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152882,151299,152883,35],{},[26,152884,152886],{"href":152885},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[37,152888,2553],{"id":2552},[14,152890,8158,152891,152893],{},[49,152892,59125],{}," in two ways:",[42,152895,152897],{"className":44,"code":152896,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[49,152898,152899],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152900,152901,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152902,152903],{"class":58},"tuple_name",[52,152905,35],{"class":66},[52,152907,35992],{"class":155},[52,152909,152],{"class":66},[52,152911,263],{"class":155},[52,152913,159],{"class":66},[14,152915,152916],{},"or:",[42,152918,152920],{"className":44,"code":152919,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[49,152921,152922],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152923,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152925,152903],{"class":58},[52,152927,35],{"class":66},[52,152929,35992],{"class":155},[52,152931,152],{"class":66},[52,152933,263],{"class":155},[52,152935,193],{"class":66},[52,152937,36198],{"class":155},[52,152939,193],{"class":66},[52,152941,65199],{"class":155},[52,152943,159],{"class":66},[487,152945,17530],{"id":17529},[227,152947,152948,152953,152958,152963],{},[230,152949,152950,152952],{},[49,152951,263],{}," — the item to search for",[230,152954,152955,152957],{},[49,152956,36219],{}," — optional starting position",[230,152959,152960,152962],{},[49,152961,52816],{}," — optional ending position",[230,152964,152965,5180,152967,152969],{},[49,152966,52816],{},[18,152968,65228],{}," in the search",[14,152971,511],{},[42,152973,152975],{"className":44,"code":152974,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[49,152976,152977,153025,153029,153054,153082],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,152978,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152980,36237],{"class":58},[52,152982,63],{"class":62},[52,152984,1118],{"class":66},[52,152986,81],{"class":73},[52,152988,26],{"class":77},[52,152990,81],{"class":73},[52,152992,193],{"class":66},[52,152994,87],{"class":73},[52,152996,5157],{"class":77},[52,152998,81],{"class":73},[52,153000,193],{"class":66},[52,153002,87],{"class":73},[52,153004,10111],{"class":77},[52,153006,81],{"class":73},[52,153008,193],{"class":66},[52,153010,87],{"class":73},[52,153012,5157],{"class":77},[52,153014,81],{"class":73},[52,153016,193],{"class":66},[52,153018,87],{"class":73},[52,153020,18904],{"class":77},[52,153022,81],{"class":73},[52,153024,159],{"class":66},[52,153026,153027],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153028,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,153030,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153032,149],{"class":148},[52,153034,152],{"class":66},[52,153036,36290],{"class":155},[52,153038,35],{"class":66},[52,153040,35992],{"class":155},[52,153042,152],{"class":66},[52,153044,81],{"class":73},[52,153046,5157],{"class":77},[52,153048,81],{"class":73},[52,153050,5758],{"class":66},[52,153052,153053],{"class":1017},"        # 1\n",[52,153055,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,153057,149],{"class":148},[52,153059,152],{"class":66},[52,153061,36290],{"class":155},[52,153063,35],{"class":66},[52,153065,35992],{"class":155},[52,153067,152],{"class":66},[52,153069,81],{"class":73},[52,153071,5157],{"class":77},[52,153073,81],{"class":73},[52,153075,193],{"class":66},[52,153077,1570],{"class":110},[52,153079,5758],{"class":66},[52,153081,51073],{"class":1017},[52,153083,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,153085,149],{"class":148},[52,153087,152],{"class":66},[52,153089,36290],{"class":155},[52,153091,35],{"class":66},[52,153093,35992],{"class":155},[52,153095,152],{"class":66},[52,153097,81],{"class":73},[52,153099,5157],{"class":77},[52,153101,81],{"class":73},[52,153103,193],{"class":66},[52,153105,5895],{"class":110},[52,153107,193],{"class":66},[52,153109,2850],{"class":110},[52,153111,5758],{"class":66},[52,153113,27920],{"class":1017},[37,153115,103539],{"id":103538},[14,153117,153118,25648],{},[49,153119,149353],{},[227,153121,153122,153125],{},[230,153123,153124],{},"An integer",[230,153126,153127],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153129,153130],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153132,511],{},[42,153134,153136],{"className":44,"code":153135,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[49,153137,153138,153178,153200],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153139,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153141,108638],{"class":58},[52,153143,63],{"class":62},[52,153145,1118],{"class":66},[52,153147,81],{"class":73},[52,153149,37195],{"class":77},[52,153151,81],{"class":73},[52,153153,193],{"class":66},[52,153155,87],{"class":73},[52,153157,58284],{"class":77},[52,153159,81],{"class":73},[52,153161,193],{"class":66},[52,153163,87],{"class":73},[52,153165,58301],{"class":77},[52,153167,81],{"class":73},[52,153169,193],{"class":66},[52,153171,87],{"class":73},[52,153173,58284],{"class":77},[52,153175,81],{"class":73},[52,153177,159],{"class":66},[52,153179,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153181,2626],{"class":58},[52,153183,63],{"class":62},[52,153185,108681],{"class":58},[52,153187,35],{"class":66},[52,153189,35992],{"class":155},[52,153191,152],{"class":66},[52,153193,81],{"class":73},[52,153195,58284],{"class":77},[52,153197,81],{"class":73},[52,153199,159],{"class":66},[52,153201,153202,153204,153206,153208],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153203,149],{"class":148},[52,153205,152],{"class":66},[52,153207,2661],{"class":155},[52,153209,159],{"class":66},[14,153211,164],{},[42,153213,153214],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,153215,153216],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153217,153218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153219,47070],{"class":110},[37,153221,153223],{"id":153222},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153225,340,153226,10970],{},[49,153227,149353],{},[227,153229,153230,153232,153235],{},[230,153231,66257],{},[230,153233,153234],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[230,153236,153237],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153239,153240,153241,153244,153245,35],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[49,153242,153243],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[26,153246,149821],{"href":153247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[37,153249,65789],{"id":65788},[14,153251,153252,153253,35],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[49,153254,40854],{},[14,153256,511],{},[42,153258,153260],{"className":44,"code":153259,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[49,153261,153262,153294],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153263,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153265,13431],{"class":58},[52,153267,63],{"class":62},[52,153269,1118],{"class":66},[52,153271,81],{"class":73},[52,153273,13448],{"class":77},[52,153275,81],{"class":73},[52,153277,193],{"class":66},[52,153279,87],{"class":73},[52,153281,13465],{"class":77},[52,153283,81],{"class":73},[52,153285,193],{"class":66},[52,153287,87],{"class":73},[52,153289,17591],{"class":77},[52,153291,81],{"class":73},[52,153293,159],{"class":66},[52,153295,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153297,149],{"class":148},[52,153299,152],{"class":66},[52,153301,17638],{"class":155},[52,153303,35],{"class":66},[52,153305,35992],{"class":155},[52,153307,152],{"class":66},[52,153309,81],{"class":73},[52,153311,22662],{"class":77},[52,153313,81],{"class":73},[52,153315,742],{"class":66},[14,153317,39803,153318,153320],{},[49,153319,109963],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153322,65864],{},[42,153324,153326],{"className":44,"code":153325,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[49,153327,153328,153360,153364,153380,153402,153408],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153329,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153331,13431],{"class":58},[52,153333,63],{"class":62},[52,153335,1118],{"class":66},[52,153337,81],{"class":73},[52,153339,13448],{"class":77},[52,153341,81],{"class":73},[52,153343,193],{"class":66},[52,153345,87],{"class":73},[52,153347,13465],{"class":77},[52,153349,81],{"class":73},[52,153351,193],{"class":66},[52,153353,87],{"class":73},[52,153355,17591],{"class":77},[52,153357,81],{"class":73},[52,153359,159],{"class":66},[52,153361,153362],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153363,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,153365,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153367,7395],{"class":4272},[52,153369,87],{"class":73},[52,153371,22662],{"class":77},[52,153373,81],{"class":73},[52,153375,21311],{"class":62},[52,153377,13479],{"class":58},[52,153379,6792],{"class":66},[52,153381,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,153383,8463],{"class":148},[52,153385,152],{"class":66},[52,153387,17638],{"class":155},[52,153389,35],{"class":66},[52,153391,35992],{"class":155},[52,153393,152],{"class":66},[52,153395,81],{"class":73},[52,153397,22662],{"class":77},[52,153399,81],{"class":73},[52,153401,742],{"class":66},[52,153403,153404,153406],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,153405,27574],{"class":4272},[52,153407,6792],{"class":66},[52,153409,153410,153412,153414,153416,153419,153421],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,153411,8463],{"class":148},[52,153413,152],{"class":66},[52,153415,81],{"class":73},[52,153417,153418],{"class":77},"Value not found",[52,153420,81],{"class":73},[52,153422,159],{"class":66},[14,153424,164],{},[42,153426,153428],{"className":44,"code":153427,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Value not found\n",[49,153429,153430],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153431,153432,153435,153437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153433,153434],{"class":58},"Value ",[52,153436,1006],{"class":62},[52,153438,65988],{"class":58},[14,153440,153441,153442,35],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[26,153443,65998],{"href":65997},[37,153445,8813,153446,2262,153448],{"id":65565},[49,153447,36219],{},[49,153449,52816],{},[14,153451,2374,153452,2262,153454,153456],{},[49,153453,36219],{},[49,153455,52816],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153458,153459],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153461,511],{},[42,153463,153465],{"className":44,"code":153464,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[49,153466,153467,153495,153499,153520,153544],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153468,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153470,4218],{"class":58},[52,153472,63],{"class":62},[52,153474,1118],{"class":66},[52,153476,2531],{"class":110},[52,153478,193],{"class":66},[52,153480,6403],{"class":110},[52,153482,193],{"class":66},[52,153484,5002],{"class":110},[52,153486,193],{"class":66},[52,153488,111],{"class":110},[52,153490,193],{"class":66},[52,153492,5002],{"class":110},[52,153494,159],{"class":66},[52,153496,153497],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153498,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,153500,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153502,149],{"class":148},[52,153504,152],{"class":66},[52,153506,2071],{"class":155},[52,153508,35],{"class":66},[52,153510,35992],{"class":155},[52,153512,152],{"class":66},[52,153514,2531],{"class":110},[52,153516,5758],{"class":66},[52,153518,153519],{"class":1017},"        # 0\n",[52,153521,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,153523,149],{"class":148},[52,153525,152],{"class":66},[52,153527,2071],{"class":155},[52,153529,35],{"class":66},[52,153531,35992],{"class":155},[52,153533,152],{"class":66},[52,153535,2531],{"class":110},[52,153537,193],{"class":66},[52,153539,5895],{"class":110},[52,153541,5758],{"class":66},[52,153543,51107],{"class":1017},[52,153545,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,153547,149],{"class":148},[52,153549,152],{"class":66},[52,153551,2071],{"class":155},[52,153553,35],{"class":66},[52,153555,35992],{"class":155},[52,153557,152],{"class":66},[52,153559,2531],{"class":110},[52,153561,193],{"class":66},[52,153563,2850],{"class":110},[52,153565,193],{"class":66},[52,153567,5002],{"class":110},[52,153569,5758],{"class":66},[52,153571,51090],{"class":1017},[487,153573,153575],{"id":153574},"how-it-works","How it works",[227,153577,153578,153583,153588],{},[230,153579,153580,153582],{},[49,153581,36219],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[230,153584,153585,153587],{},[49,153586,52816],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[230,153589,2374,153590,153592],{},[49,153591,52816],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153594,511],{},[42,153596,153598],{"className":44,"code":153597,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[49,153599,153600,153628,153632],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153601,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616,153618,153620,153622,153624,153626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153603,4218],{"class":58},[52,153605,63],{"class":62},[52,153607,1118],{"class":66},[52,153609,2531],{"class":110},[52,153611,193],{"class":66},[52,153613,6403],{"class":110},[52,153615,193],{"class":66},[52,153617,5002],{"class":110},[52,153619,193],{"class":66},[52,153621,111],{"class":110},[52,153623,193],{"class":66},[52,153625,5002],{"class":110},[52,153627,159],{"class":66},[52,153629,153630],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153631,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153635,149],{"class":148},[52,153637,152],{"class":66},[52,153639,2071],{"class":155},[52,153641,35],{"class":66},[52,153643,35992],{"class":155},[52,153645,152],{"class":66},[52,153647,2531],{"class":110},[52,153649,193],{"class":66},[52,153651,5895],{"class":110},[52,153653,193],{"class":66},[52,153655,2856],{"class":110},[52,153657,742],{"class":66},[14,153659,164],{},[42,153661,153662],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,153663,153664],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153665,153666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153667,2192],{"class":110},[14,153669,153670,153671,2203,153673,2210,153675,153677,153678,35],{},"Python searches positions ",[49,153672,1565],{},[49,153674,2451],{},[49,153676,2457],{},", but not ",[49,153679,2903],{},[37,153681,153683],{"id":153682},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153685,153686,153687,84],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[49,153688,149353],{},[227,153690,153691,153699,153704,153711],{},[230,153692,153693,153694,153696,153697],{},"Do not confuse the ",[18,153695,263],{}," with the ",[18,153698,35992],{},[230,153700,153701,153702],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[49,153703,2514],{},[230,153705,340,153706,153710],{},[26,153707,149379,153708,2292],{"href":149431},[49,153709,57447],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[230,153712,153713,153714,153716],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[49,153715,153243],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153718,153719],{},"Example of value vs index:",[42,153721,153723],{"className":44,"code":153722,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[49,153724,153725,153757,153761,153785],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153726,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753,153755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153728,36386],{"class":58},[52,153730,63],{"class":62},[52,153732,1118],{"class":66},[52,153734,81],{"class":73},[52,153736,4474],{"class":77},[52,153738,81],{"class":73},[52,153740,193],{"class":66},[52,153742,87],{"class":73},[52,153744,4483],{"class":77},[52,153746,81],{"class":73},[52,153748,193],{"class":66},[52,153750,87],{"class":73},[52,153752,33364],{"class":77},[52,153754,81],{"class":73},[52,153756,159],{"class":66},[52,153758,153759],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153760,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,153762,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153764,149],{"class":148},[52,153766,152],{"class":66},[52,153768,36438],{"class":155},[52,153770,35],{"class":66},[52,153772,35992],{"class":155},[52,153774,152],{"class":66},[52,153776,81],{"class":73},[52,153778,4483],{"class":77},[52,153780,81],{"class":73},[52,153782,5758],{"class":66},[52,153784,27920],{"class":1017},[52,153786,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,153788,149],{"class":148},[52,153790,152],{"class":66},[52,153792,36438],{"class":155},[52,153794,1709],{"class":66},[52,153796,1565],{"class":110},[52,153798,20583],{"class":66},[52,153800,153801],{"class":1017},"               # banana\n",[14,153803,2575],{},[227,153805,153806,153810],{},[230,153807,153808,315],{},[49,153809,65433],{},[230,153811,153812,153814],{},[49,153813,1565],{}," is the index",[37,153816,1743],{"id":1742},[14,153818,106277,153819,84],{},[49,153820,149353],{},[227,153822,153823,153826,153831,153836,153843],{},[230,153824,153825],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[230,153827,8849,153828,153830],{},[49,153829,59125],{}," to return all matching positions",[230,153832,153833,153834],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[49,153835,2514],{},[230,153837,153838,153839,2262,153841],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[49,153840,36219],{},[49,153842,52816],{},[230,153844,37352,153845,153847],{},[49,153846,149353],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[487,153849,60868],{"id":60867},[14,153851,94539],{},[42,153853,153855],{"className":44,"code":153854,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[49,153856,153857,153867,153881,153896,153914],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153858,153859,153861,153863,153865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153860,149],{"class":148},[52,153862,152],{"class":66},[52,153864,148166],{"class":155},[52,153866,159],{"class":66},[52,153868,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153870,149],{"class":148},[52,153872,152],{"class":66},[52,153874,2082],{"class":148},[52,153876,152],{"class":66},[52,153878,148166],{"class":155},[52,153880,742],{"class":66},[52,153882,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153894],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153884,149],{"class":148},[52,153886,152],{"class":66},[52,153888,2845],{"class":155},[52,153890,4279],{"class":4272},[52,153892,153893],{"class":155}," my_tuple",[52,153895,159],{"class":66},[52,153897,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,153899,149],{"class":148},[52,153901,152],{"class":66},[52,153903,148166],{"class":155},[52,153905,35],{"class":66},[52,153907,41410],{"class":155},[52,153909,152],{"class":66},[52,153911,263],{"class":155},[52,153913,742],{"class":66},[52,153915,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,153917,149],{"class":148},[52,153919,152],{"class":66},[52,153921,148166],{"class":155},[52,153923,35],{"class":66},[52,153925,35992],{"class":155},[52,153927,152],{"class":66},[52,153929,263],{"class":155},[52,153931,742],{"class":66},[14,153933,153934,153935,84556,153937,153939],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[49,153936,40854],{},[49,153938,263],{}," is missing.",[14,153941,129783],{},[42,153943,153945],{"className":44,"code":153944,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[49,153946,153947,153959,153977,153983],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,153948,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153950,7395],{"class":4272},[52,153952,21722],{"class":58},[52,153954,4279],{"class":62},[52,153956,153893],{"class":58},[52,153958,6792],{"class":66},[52,153960,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,153962,8463],{"class":148},[52,153964,152],{"class":66},[52,153966,148166],{"class":155},[52,153968,35],{"class":66},[52,153970,35992],{"class":155},[52,153972,152],{"class":66},[52,153974,263],{"class":155},[52,153976,742],{"class":66},[52,153978,153979,153981],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,153980,27574],{"class":4272},[52,153982,6792],{"class":66},[52,153984,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,153986,8463],{"class":148},[52,153988,152],{"class":66},[52,153990,81],{"class":73},[52,153992,153418],{"class":77},[52,153994,81],{"class":73},[52,153996,159],{"class":66},[37,153998,2220],{"id":2219},[487,154000,5539,154002,13073],{"id":154001},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[49,154003,149353],{},[14,154005,154006],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[487,154008,154010],{"id":154009},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,154012,154013,152880],{},[49,154014,149353],{},[487,154016,149332],{"id":149331},[14,154018,77017,154019,35],{},[49,154020,40854],{},[487,154022,154024],{"id":154023},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,154026,154027,154028,2262,154030,154032],{},"Yes. You can use ",[49,154029,36219],{},[49,154031,52816],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[487,154034,15257,154036,57362,154038,2265],{"id":154035},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[49,154037,149353],{},[49,154039,65024],{},[14,154041,154042],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[37,154044,2277],{"id":2276},[227,154046,154047,154053,154057,154062,154066],{},[230,154048,154049],{},[26,154050,149379,154051,2292],{"href":149431},[49,154052,57447],{},[230,154054,154055],{},[26,154056,149821],{"href":153247},[230,154058,154059],{},[26,154060,154061],{"href":151127},"Creating a tuple in Python",[230,154063,154064],{},[26,154065,65998],{"href":65997},[230,154067,154068],{},[26,154069,151075],{"href":152885},[2315,154071,154072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":154074},[154075,154076,154078,154081,154082,154083,154084,154087,154088,154091,154100],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":152792,"depth":70,"text":154077},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553,"children":154079},[154080],{"id":17529,"depth":98,"text":17530},{"id":103538,"depth":70,"text":103539},{"id":153222,"depth":70,"text":153223},{"id":65788,"depth":70,"text":65789},{"id":65565,"depth":70,"text":66348,"children":154085},[154086],{"id":153574,"depth":98,"text":153575},{"id":153682,"depth":70,"text":153683},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743,"children":154089},[154090],{"id":60867,"depth":98,"text":60868},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":154092},[154093,154095,154096,154097,154098],{"id":154001,"depth":98,"text":154094},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154009,"depth":98,"text":154010},{"id":149331,"depth":98,"text":149332},{"id":154023,"depth":98,"text":154024},{"id":154035,"depth":98,"text":154099},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152687,"description":154101},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154108,"title":154109,"body":154110,"description":155505,"extension":2357,"meta":155506,"navigation":141,"path":153247,"seo":155507,"stem":155508,"__hash__":155509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154111,"toc":155487},[154112,154115,154118,154121,154135,154137,154140,154234,154244,154250,154254,154257,154260,154262,154280,154282,154353,154355,154372,154376,154380,154383,154400,154403,154418,154420,154511,154514,154518,154521,154538,154540,154635,154638,154641,154645,154648,154742,154744,154763,154766,154770,154773,154775,154830,154832,154867,154870,154884,154892,154985,154994,154998,155001,155008,155011,155058,155060,155068,155071,155122,155124,155141,155146,155150,155153,155156,155158,155209,155212,155267,155270,155273,155275,155278,155298,155300,155373,155376,155389,155391,155395,155400,155404,155409,155426,155430,155433,155450,155454,155457,155459,155484],[10,154113,154109],{"id":154114},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154116,154117],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154119,154120],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[227,154122,154123,154126,154129,154132],{},[230,154124,154125],{},"positive indexes",[230,154127,154128],{},"negative indexes",[230,154130,154131],{},"common indexing mistakes",[230,154133,154134],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[37,154136,4002],{"id":4001},[14,154138,154139],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[42,154141,154143],{"className":44,"code":154142,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[49,154144,154145,154177,154181,154198,154215],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154146,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154148,13431],{"class":58},[52,154150,63],{"class":62},[52,154152,1118],{"class":66},[52,154154,81],{"class":73},[52,154156,13448],{"class":77},[52,154158,81],{"class":73},[52,154160,193],{"class":66},[52,154162,87],{"class":73},[52,154164,17591],{"class":77},[52,154166,81],{"class":73},[52,154168,193],{"class":66},[52,154170,87],{"class":73},[52,154172,13465],{"class":77},[52,154174,81],{"class":73},[52,154176,159],{"class":66},[52,154178,154179],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154180,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154182,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154184,149],{"class":148},[52,154186,152],{"class":66},[52,154188,17638],{"class":155},[52,154190,1709],{"class":66},[52,154192,2514],{"class":110},[52,154194,20583],{"class":66},[52,154196,154197],{"class":1017},"   # red\n",[52,154199,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,154201,149],{"class":148},[52,154203,152],{"class":66},[52,154205,17638],{"class":155},[52,154207,1709],{"class":66},[52,154209,1565],{"class":110},[52,154211,20583],{"class":66},[52,154213,154214],{"class":1017},"   # green\n",[52,154216,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,154218,149],{"class":148},[52,154220,152],{"class":66},[52,154222,17638],{"class":155},[52,154224,1709],{"class":66},[52,154226,2416],{"class":62},[52,154228,1565],{"class":110},[52,154230,20583],{"class":66},[52,154232,154233],{"class":1017},"  # blue\n",[227,154235,154236,154241],{},[230,154237,132572,154238,154240],{},[49,154239,2514],{}," is the first item.",[230,154242,154243],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154245,154246,154247,35],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[26,154248,154249],{"href":148151},"how to create a tuple in Python",[37,154251,154253],{"id":154252},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154255,154256],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154258,154259],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154261,11820],{},[227,154263,154264,154267,154274,154277],{},[230,154265,154266],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[230,154268,154269,154270,19100,154272],{},"Python starts counting at ",[49,154271,2514],{},[49,154273,1565],{},[230,154275,154276],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[230,154278,154279],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154281,511],{},[42,154283,154285],{"className":44,"code":154284,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[49,154286,154287,154307,154311,154325,154339],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154288,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154290,4012],{"class":58},[52,154292,63],{"class":62},[52,154294,1118],{"class":66},[52,154296,2728],{"class":110},[52,154298,193],{"class":66},[52,154300,111],{"class":110},[52,154302,193],{"class":66},[52,154304,1929],{"class":110},[52,154306,159],{"class":66},[52,154308,154309],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154310,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154312,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154314,149],{"class":148},[52,154316,152],{"class":66},[52,154318,1578],{"class":155},[52,154320,1709],{"class":66},[52,154322,2514],{"class":110},[52,154324,1718],{"class":66},[52,154326,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,154328,149],{"class":148},[52,154330,152],{"class":66},[52,154332,1578],{"class":155},[52,154334,1709],{"class":66},[52,154336,1565],{"class":110},[52,154338,1718],{"class":66},[52,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,154342,149],{"class":148},[52,154344,152],{"class":66},[52,154346,1578],{"class":155},[52,154348,1709],{"class":66},[52,154350,2451],{"class":110},[52,154352,1718],{"class":66},[14,154354,164],{},[42,154356,154358],{"className":44,"code":154357,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10\n20\n30\n",[49,154359,154360,154364,154368],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154361,154362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154363,2774],{"class":110},[52,154365,154366],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154367,71383],{"class":110},[52,154369,154370],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154371,69999],{"class":110},[14,154373,59550,154374,35],{},[26,154375,148148],{"href":148147},[37,154377,154379],{"id":154378},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154381,154382],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[227,154384,154385,154390,154395],{},[230,154386,154387,154389],{},[49,154388,2514],{}," = first item",[230,154391,154392,154394],{},[49,154393,1565],{}," = second item",[230,154396,154397,154399],{},[49,154398,2451],{}," = third item",[14,154401,154402],{},"Pattern:",[42,154404,154406],{"className":44,"code":154405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple_name[index]\n",[49,154407,154408],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154409,154410,154412,154414,154416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154411,152903],{"class":58},[52,154413,1709],{"class":66},[52,154415,35992],{"class":58},[52,154417,4030],{"class":66},[14,154419,511],{},[42,154421,154423],{"className":44,"code":154422,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[49,154424,154425,154457,154461,154478,154494],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154426,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154428,36386],{"class":58},[52,154430,63],{"class":62},[52,154432,1118],{"class":66},[52,154434,81],{"class":73},[52,154436,4474],{"class":77},[52,154438,81],{"class":73},[52,154440,193],{"class":66},[52,154442,87],{"class":73},[52,154444,4483],{"class":77},[52,154446,81],{"class":73},[52,154448,193],{"class":66},[52,154450,87],{"class":73},[52,154452,4492],{"class":77},[52,154454,81],{"class":73},[52,154456,159],{"class":66},[52,154458,154459],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154460,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154462,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154464,149],{"class":148},[52,154466,152],{"class":66},[52,154468,36438],{"class":155},[52,154470,1709],{"class":66},[52,154472,2514],{"class":110},[52,154474,20583],{"class":66},[52,154476,154477],{"class":1017},"  # apple\n",[52,154479,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,154481,149],{"class":148},[52,154483,152],{"class":66},[52,154485,36438],{"class":155},[52,154487,1709],{"class":66},[52,154489,1565],{"class":110},[52,154491,20583],{"class":66},[52,154493,51641],{"class":1017},[52,154495,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,154497,149],{"class":148},[52,154499,152],{"class":66},[52,154501,36438],{"class":155},[52,154503,1709],{"class":66},[52,154505,2451],{"class":110},[52,154507,20583],{"class":66},[52,154509,154510],{"class":1017},"  # cherry\n",[14,154512,154513],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[37,154515,154517],{"id":154516},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154519,154520],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[227,154522,154523,154528,154533],{},[230,154524,154525,154527],{},[49,154526,66013],{}," = last item",[230,154529,154530,154532],{},[49,154531,95569],{}," = second-to-last item",[230,154534,154535,154537],{},[49,154536,47824],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154539,511],{},[42,154541,154543],{"className":44,"code":154542,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[49,154544,154545,154577,154581,154599,154617],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154546,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154548,36386],{"class":58},[52,154550,63],{"class":62},[52,154552,1118],{"class":66},[52,154554,81],{"class":73},[52,154556,4474],{"class":77},[52,154558,81],{"class":73},[52,154560,193],{"class":66},[52,154562,87],{"class":73},[52,154564,4483],{"class":77},[52,154566,81],{"class":73},[52,154568,193],{"class":66},[52,154570,87],{"class":73},[52,154572,4492],{"class":77},[52,154574,81],{"class":73},[52,154576,159],{"class":66},[52,154578,154579],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154580,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154582,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154584,149],{"class":148},[52,154586,152],{"class":66},[52,154588,36438],{"class":155},[52,154590,1709],{"class":66},[52,154592,2416],{"class":62},[52,154594,1565],{"class":110},[52,154596,20583],{"class":66},[52,154598,154510],{"class":1017},[52,154600,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,154602,149],{"class":148},[52,154604,152],{"class":66},[52,154606,36438],{"class":155},[52,154608,1709],{"class":66},[52,154610,2416],{"class":62},[52,154612,2451],{"class":110},[52,154614,20583],{"class":66},[52,154616,51641],{"class":1017},[52,154618,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,154620,149],{"class":148},[52,154622,152],{"class":66},[52,154624,36438],{"class":155},[52,154626,1709],{"class":66},[52,154628,2416],{"class":62},[52,154630,2457],{"class":110},[52,154632,20583],{"class":66},[52,154634,154477],{"class":1017},[14,154636,154637],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154639,154640],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[37,154642,154644],{"id":154643},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154646,154647],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[42,154649,154651],{"className":44,"code":154650,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[49,154652,154653,154685,154689,154706,154723],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154654,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154656,5392],{"class":58},[52,154658,63],{"class":62},[52,154660,1118],{"class":66},[52,154662,81],{"class":73},[52,154664,90],{"class":77},[52,154666,81],{"class":73},[52,154668,193],{"class":66},[52,154670,87],{"class":73},[52,154672,36087],{"class":77},[52,154674,81],{"class":73},[52,154676,193],{"class":66},[52,154678,87],{"class":73},[52,154680,36096],{"class":77},[52,154682,81],{"class":73},[52,154684,159],{"class":66},[52,154686,154687],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154688,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154690,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154692,149],{"class":148},[52,154694,152],{"class":66},[52,154696,5436],{"class":155},[52,154698,1709],{"class":66},[52,154700,2514],{"class":110},[52,154702,20583],{"class":66},[52,154704,154705],{"class":1017},"   # first item\n",[52,154707,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,154709,149],{"class":148},[52,154711,152],{"class":66},[52,154713,5436],{"class":155},[52,154715,1709],{"class":66},[52,154717,1565],{"class":110},[52,154719,20583],{"class":66},[52,154721,154722],{"class":1017},"   # middle item\n",[52,154724,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,154726,149],{"class":148},[52,154728,152],{"class":66},[52,154730,5436],{"class":155},[52,154732,1709],{"class":66},[52,154734,2416],{"class":62},[52,154736,1565],{"class":110},[52,154738,20583],{"class":66},[52,154740,154741],{"class":1017},"  # last item\n",[14,154743,164],{},[42,154745,154747],{"className":44,"code":154746,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[49,154748,154749,154753,154758],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154750,154751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154752,50194],{"class":58},[52,154754,154755],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154756,154757],{"class":58},"Ben\n",[52,154759,154760],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154761,154762],{"class":58},"Cara\n",[14,154764,154765],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[37,154767,154769],{"id":154768},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154771,154772],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154774,511],{},[42,154776,154778],{"className":44,"code":154777,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[49,154779,154780,154812,154816],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154781,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154783,36237],{"class":58},[52,154785,63],{"class":62},[52,154787,1118],{"class":66},[52,154789,81],{"class":73},[52,154791,26],{"class":77},[52,154793,81],{"class":73},[52,154795,193],{"class":66},[52,154797,87],{"class":73},[52,154799,5157],{"class":77},[52,154801,81],{"class":73},[52,154803,193],{"class":66},[52,154805,87],{"class":73},[52,154807,10111],{"class":77},[52,154809,81],{"class":73},[52,154811,159],{"class":66},[52,154813,154814],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154815,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154817,154818,154820,154822,154824,154826,154828],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154819,149],{"class":148},[52,154821,152],{"class":66},[52,154823,36290],{"class":155},[52,154825,1709],{"class":66},[52,154827,2531],{"class":110},[52,154829,1718],{"class":66},[14,154831,164],{},[42,154833,154835],{"className":44,"code":154834,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[49,154836,154837,154849,154854],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154838,154839,154842,154844,154847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154840,154841],{"class":155},"Traceback ",[52,154843,152],{"class":66},[52,154845,154846],{"class":155},"most recent call last",[52,154848,8737],{"class":66},[52,154850,154851],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154852,154853],{"class":34597},"  ...\n",[52,154855,154856,154858,154860,154862,154865],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154857,70890],{"class":646},[52,154859,84],{"class":66},[52,154861,149514],{"class":646},[52,154863,154864],{"class":58}," index out of ",[52,154866,71082],{"class":148},[14,154868,154869],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[227,154871,154872,154876,154880],{},[230,154873,154874],{},[49,154875,2514],{},[230,154877,154878],{},[49,154879,1565],{},[230,154881,154882],{},[49,154883,2451],{},[14,154885,154886,154887,35],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[26,154888,154889,154891],{"href":149386},[49,154890,42512],{}," on a tuple",[42,154893,154895],{"className":44,"code":154894,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[49,154896,154897,154929,154933,154949,154953,154971],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,154898,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154900,36237],{"class":58},[52,154902,63],{"class":62},[52,154904,1118],{"class":66},[52,154906,81],{"class":73},[52,154908,26],{"class":77},[52,154910,81],{"class":73},[52,154912,193],{"class":66},[52,154914,87],{"class":73},[52,154916,5157],{"class":77},[52,154918,81],{"class":73},[52,154920,193],{"class":66},[52,154922,87],{"class":73},[52,154924,10111],{"class":77},[52,154926,81],{"class":73},[52,154928,159],{"class":66},[52,154930,154931],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,154932,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154934,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,154936,149],{"class":148},[52,154938,152],{"class":66},[52,154940,2082],{"class":148},[52,154942,152],{"class":66},[52,154944,36290],{"class":155},[52,154946,5758],{"class":66},[52,154948,50925],{"class":1017},[52,154950,154951],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,154952,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,154954,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,154956,7395],{"class":4272},[52,154958,38535],{"class":148},[52,154960,152],{"class":66},[52,154962,36290],{"class":155},[52,154964,4056],{"class":66},[52,154966,38545],{"class":62},[52,154968,1570],{"class":110},[52,154970,6792],{"class":66},[52,154972,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,154974,8463],{"class":148},[52,154976,152],{"class":66},[52,154978,36290],{"class":155},[52,154980,1709],{"class":66},[52,154982,2451],{"class":110},[52,154984,1718],{"class":66},[14,154986,154987,154988,35],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[26,154989,25819,154991],{"href":154990},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[49,154992,154993],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[37,154995,154997],{"id":154996},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154999,155000],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[227,155002,155003,155005],{},[230,155004,77034],{},[230,155006,155007],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,155009,155010],{},"Indexing example:",[42,155012,155014],{"className":44,"code":155013,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[49,155015,155016,155040,155044],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155017,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155019,4012],{"class":58},[52,155021,63],{"class":62},[52,155023,1118],{"class":66},[52,155025,2728],{"class":110},[52,155027,193],{"class":66},[52,155029,111],{"class":110},[52,155031,193],{"class":66},[52,155033,1929],{"class":110},[52,155035,193],{"class":66},[52,155037,50998],{"class":110},[52,155039,159],{"class":66},[52,155041,155042],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155043,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,155045,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,155047,149],{"class":148},[52,155049,152],{"class":66},[52,155051,1578],{"class":155},[52,155053,1709],{"class":66},[52,155055,1565],{"class":110},[52,155057,1718],{"class":66},[14,155059,164],{},[42,155061,155062],{"className":44,"code":71383,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155063,155064],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155065,155066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155067,71383],{"class":110},[14,155069,155070],{},"Slicing example:",[42,155072,155074],{"className":44,"code":155073,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[49,155075,155076,155100,155104],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155077,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155079,4012],{"class":58},[52,155081,63],{"class":62},[52,155083,1118],{"class":66},[52,155085,2728],{"class":110},[52,155087,193],{"class":66},[52,155089,111],{"class":110},[52,155091,193],{"class":66},[52,155093,1929],{"class":110},[52,155095,193],{"class":66},[52,155097,50998],{"class":110},[52,155099,159],{"class":66},[52,155101,155102],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155103,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118,155120],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,155107,149],{"class":148},[52,155109,152],{"class":66},[52,155111,1578],{"class":155},[52,155113,1709],{"class":66},[52,155115,1565],{"class":110},[52,155117,84],{"class":66},[52,155119,2457],{"class":110},[52,155121,1718],{"class":66},[14,155123,164],{},[42,155125,155127],{"className":44,"code":155126,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(20, 30)\n",[49,155128,155129],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155130,155131,155133,155135,155137,155139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155132,152],{"class":66},[52,155134,852],{"class":110},[52,155136,193],{"class":66},[52,155138,1929],{"class":110},[52,155140,159],{"class":66},[14,155142,155143,155144,35],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[26,155145,151065],{"href":151064},[37,155147,155149],{"id":155148},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155151,155152],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155154,155155],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155157,951],{},[42,155159,155161],{"className":44,"code":155160,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[49,155162,155163,155195],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155164,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191,155193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155166,13431],{"class":58},[52,155168,63],{"class":62},[52,155170,1118],{"class":66},[52,155172,81],{"class":73},[52,155174,13448],{"class":77},[52,155176,81],{"class":73},[52,155178,193],{"class":66},[52,155180,87],{"class":73},[52,155182,17591],{"class":77},[52,155184,81],{"class":73},[52,155186,193],{"class":66},[52,155188,87],{"class":73},[52,155190,13465],{"class":77},[52,155192,81],{"class":73},[52,155194,159],{"class":66},[52,155196,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155198,149],{"class":148},[52,155200,152],{"class":66},[52,155202,17638],{"class":155},[52,155204,1709],{"class":66},[52,155206,1565],{"class":110},[52,155208,1718],{"class":66},[14,155210,155211],{},"But this does not work:",[42,155213,155215],{"className":44,"code":155214,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[49,155216,155217,155249],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155218,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155220,13431],{"class":58},[52,155222,63],{"class":62},[52,155224,1118],{"class":66},[52,155226,81],{"class":73},[52,155228,13448],{"class":77},[52,155230,81],{"class":73},[52,155232,193],{"class":66},[52,155234,87],{"class":73},[52,155236,17591],{"class":77},[52,155238,81],{"class":73},[52,155240,193],{"class":66},[52,155242,87],{"class":73},[52,155244,13465],{"class":77},[52,155246,81],{"class":73},[52,155248,159],{"class":66},[52,155250,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155252,17638],{"class":58},[52,155254,1709],{"class":66},[52,155256,1565],{"class":110},[52,155258,13629],{"class":66},[52,155260,13632],{"class":62},[52,155262,87],{"class":73},[52,155264,22662],{"class":77},[52,155266,297],{"class":73},[14,155268,155269],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155271,155272],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[37,155274,1743],{"id":1742},[14,155276,155277],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[227,155279,155280,155286,155289,155292],{},[230,155281,132876,155282,11456,155284],{},[49,155283,1565],{},[49,155285,2514],{},[230,155287,155288],{},"Using an index that is too large",[230,155290,155291],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[230,155293,155294,155295],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[49,155296,155297],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155299,62453],{},[42,155301,155303],{"className":44,"code":155302,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[49,155304,155305,155315,155329,155343,155359],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155306,155307,155309,155311,155313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155308,149],{"class":148},[52,155310,152],{"class":66},[52,155312,148166],{"class":155},[52,155314,159],{"class":66},[52,155316,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155318,149],{"class":148},[52,155320,152],{"class":66},[52,155322,2082],{"class":148},[52,155324,152],{"class":66},[52,155326,148166],{"class":155},[52,155328,742],{"class":66},[52,155330,155331,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,155332,149],{"class":148},[52,155334,152],{"class":66},[52,155336,148166],{"class":155},[52,155338,1709],{"class":66},[52,155340,2514],{"class":110},[52,155342,1718],{"class":66},[52,155344,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,155346,149],{"class":148},[52,155348,152],{"class":66},[52,155350,148166],{"class":155},[52,155352,1709],{"class":66},[52,155354,2416],{"class":62},[52,155356,1565],{"class":110},[52,155358,1718],{"class":66},[52,155360,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,155362,149],{"class":148},[52,155364,152],{"class":66},[52,155366,734],{"class":646},[52,155368,152],{"class":66},[52,155370,148166],{"class":155},[52,155372,742],{"class":66},[14,155374,155375],{},"These can help you confirm:",[227,155377,155378,155381,155383,155386],{},[230,155379,155380],{},"what the tuple contains",[230,155382,60942],{},[230,155384,155385],{},"what the first and last items are",[230,155387,155388],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[37,155390,2220],{"id":2219},[487,155392,155394],{"id":155393},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155396,155397,155398,35],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[49,155399,2514],{},[487,155401,155403],{"id":155402},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155405,340,155406,155408],{},[49,155407,66013],{}," as the index:",[42,155410,155412],{"className":44,"code":155411,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[49,155413,155414],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155415,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155417,148166],{"class":58},[52,155419,1709],{"class":66},[52,155421,2416],{"class":62},[52,155423,1565],{"class":110},[52,155425,4030],{"class":66},[487,155427,155429],{"id":155428},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155431,155432],{},"Python raises:",[42,155434,155436],{"className":44,"code":155435,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[49,155437,155438],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155439,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155441,70890],{"class":646},[52,155443,84],{"class":66},[52,155445,149514],{"class":646},[52,155447,154864],{"class":58},[52,155449,71082],{"class":148},[487,155451,155453],{"id":155452},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155455,155456],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[37,155458,2277],{"id":2276},[227,155460,155461,155466,155470,155474,155480],{},[230,155462,155463],{},[26,155464,155465],{"href":148151},"How to create a tuple in Python",[230,155467,155468],{},[26,155469,151065],{"href":151064},[230,155471,155472],{},[26,155473,151070],{"href":149386},[230,155475,155476],{},[26,155477,26262,155478],{"href":154990},[49,155479,154993],{},[230,155481,155482],{},[26,155483,148148],{"href":148147},[2315,155485,155486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":155488},[155489,155490,155491,155492,155493,155494,155495,155496,155497,155498,155504],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":154252,"depth":70,"text":154253},{"id":154378,"depth":70,"text":154379},{"id":154516,"depth":70,"text":154517},{"id":154643,"depth":70,"text":154644},{"id":154768,"depth":70,"text":154769},{"id":154996,"depth":70,"text":154997},{"id":155148,"depth":70,"text":155149},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":155499},[155500,155501,155502,155503],{"id":155393,"depth":98,"text":155394},{"id":155402,"depth":98,"text":155403},{"id":155428,"depth":98,"text":155429},{"id":155452,"depth":98,"text":155453},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154109,"description":155505},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155511,"title":155512,"body":155513,"description":157402,"extension":2357,"meta":157403,"navigation":141,"path":157404,"seo":157405,"stem":157406,"__hash__":157407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155514,"toc":157359},[155515,155521,155526,155577,155581,155589,155595,155597,155613,155615,155618,155633,155635,155648,155650,155707,155711,155719,155726,155732,155738,155742,155793,155797,155805,155809,155838,155842,155850,155854,155887,155891,155899,155903,155906,155957,155961,155969,155971,155988,155992,155996,156055,156059,156067,156070,156097,156101,156109,156113,156119,156194,156198,156235,156243,156247,156310,156314,156322,156327,156331,156337,156380,156384,156392,156398,156401,156448,156452,156460,156469,156475,156530,156534,156542,156545,156549,156551,156582,156586,156605,156608,156653,156657,156680,156686,156691,156693,156740,156745,156748,156796,156800,156808,156812,156817,156821,156871,156875,156890,156894,156952,156956,156971,156975,157046,157050,157059,157063,157142,157146,157168,157176,157178,157181,157206,157208,157261,157263,157280,157282,157286,157292,157297,157302,157306,157311,157315,157320,157326,157329,157331,157356],[10,155516,155518,155519,4056],{"id":155517},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[49,155520,2082],{},[14,155522,340,155523,155525],{},[49,155524,42512],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[42,155527,155529],{"className":44,"code":155528,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[49,155530,155531,155563],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155532,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155534,13431],{"class":58},[52,155536,63],{"class":62},[52,155538,1118],{"class":66},[52,155540,81],{"class":73},[52,155542,13448],{"class":77},[52,155544,81],{"class":73},[52,155546,193],{"class":66},[52,155548,87],{"class":73},[52,155550,17591],{"class":77},[52,155552,81],{"class":73},[52,155554,193],{"class":66},[52,155556,87],{"class":73},[52,155558,13465],{"class":77},[52,155560,81],{"class":73},[52,155562,159],{"class":66},[52,155564,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155566,149],{"class":148},[52,155568,152],{"class":66},[52,155570,2082],{"class":148},[52,155572,152],{"class":66},[52,155574,17638],{"class":155},[52,155576,742],{"class":66},[14,155578,155579],{},[18,155580,164],{},[42,155582,155583],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155584,155585],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155586,155587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155588,46770],{"class":110},[14,155590,340,155591,155594],{},[49,155592,155593],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[37,155596,225],{"id":224},[227,155598,155599,155604,155608,155611],{},[230,155600,4594,155601,155603],{},[49,155602,42512],{}," works with tuples",[230,155605,68417,155606,12063],{},[49,155607,42512],{},[230,155609,155610],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[230,155612,4915],{},[37,155614,2553],{"id":2552},[14,155616,155617],{},"Use this pattern:",[42,155619,155621],{"className":44,"code":155620,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"len(my_tuple)\n",[49,155622,155623],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155624,155625,155627,155629,155631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155626,2082],{"class":148},[52,155628,152],{"class":66},[52,155630,148166],{"class":155},[52,155632,159],{"class":66},[14,155634,11820],{},[227,155636,155637,155640,155643],{},[230,155638,155639],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[230,155641,155642],{},"The result is an integer",[230,155644,155645,155647],{},[49,155646,42512],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155649,511],{},[42,155651,155653],{"className":44,"code":155652,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[49,155654,155655,155679,155693,155697],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155656,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155658,4012],{"class":58},[52,155660,63],{"class":62},[52,155662,1118],{"class":66},[52,155664,2728],{"class":110},[52,155666,193],{"class":66},[52,155668,111],{"class":110},[52,155670,193],{"class":66},[52,155672,1929],{"class":110},[52,155674,193],{"class":66},[52,155676,50998],{"class":110},[52,155678,159],{"class":66},[52,155680,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155682,41392],{"class":58},[52,155684,63],{"class":62},[52,155686,38535],{"class":148},[52,155688,152],{"class":66},[52,155690,1578],{"class":155},[52,155692,159],{"class":66},[52,155694,155695],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,155696,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,155698,155699,155701,155703,155705],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,155700,149],{"class":148},[52,155702,152],{"class":66},[52,155704,41410],{"class":155},[52,155706,159],{"class":66},[14,155708,155709],{},[18,155710,164],{},[42,155712,155713],{"className":44,"code":48804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155714,155715],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155716,155717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155718,48804],{"class":110},[14,155720,155721,155722,35],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[26,155723,3969,155724,3902],{"href":42509},[49,155725,42512],{},[37,155727,4073,155729,155731],{"id":155728},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[49,155730,42512],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155733,155734,155735,155737],{},"For a tuple, ",[49,155736,42512],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[487,155739,155741],{"id":155740},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[42,155743,155745],{"className":44,"code":155744,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[49,155746,155747,155779],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155748,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155750,36386],{"class":58},[52,155752,63],{"class":62},[52,155754,1118],{"class":66},[52,155756,81],{"class":73},[52,155758,4474],{"class":77},[52,155760,81],{"class":73},[52,155762,193],{"class":66},[52,155764,87],{"class":73},[52,155766,4483],{"class":77},[52,155768,81],{"class":73},[52,155770,193],{"class":66},[52,155772,87],{"class":73},[52,155774,33364],{"class":77},[52,155776,81],{"class":73},[52,155778,159],{"class":66},[52,155780,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155782,149],{"class":148},[52,155784,152],{"class":66},[52,155786,2082],{"class":148},[52,155788,152],{"class":66},[52,155790,36438],{"class":155},[52,155792,742],{"class":66},[14,155794,155795],{},[18,155796,164],{},[42,155798,155799],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155800,155801],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155802,155803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155804,46770],{"class":110},[487,155806,155808],{"id":155807},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[42,155810,155812],{"className":44,"code":155811,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[49,155813,155814,155823],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155815,155816,155819,155821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155817,155818],{"class":58},"empty_tuple ",[52,155820,63],{"class":62},[52,155822,149490],{"class":66},[52,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155836],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155826,149],{"class":148},[52,155828,152],{"class":66},[52,155830,2082],{"class":148},[52,155832,152],{"class":66},[52,155834,155835],{"class":155},"empty_tuple",[52,155837,742],{"class":66},[14,155839,155840],{},[18,155841,164],{},[42,155843,155844],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155845,155846],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155847,155848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155849,47405],{"class":110},[487,155851,155853],{"id":155852},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[42,155855,155857],{"className":44,"code":155856,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[49,155858,155859,155872],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155860,155861,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155862,155863],{"class":58},"single_value ",[52,155865,63],{"class":62},[52,155867,1118],{"class":66},[52,155869,2531],{"class":110},[52,155871,149504],{"class":66},[52,155873,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882,155885],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155875,149],{"class":148},[52,155877,152],{"class":66},[52,155879,2082],{"class":148},[52,155881,152],{"class":66},[52,155883,155884],{"class":155},"single_value",[52,155886,742],{"class":66},[14,155888,155889],{},[18,155890,164],{},[42,155892,155893],{"className":44,"code":47070,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155894,155895],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155896,155897],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155898,47070],{"class":110},[487,155900,155902],{"id":155901},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155904,155905],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[42,155907,155909],{"className":44,"code":155908,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[49,155910,155911,155943],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155912,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155914,616],{"class":58},[52,155916,63],{"class":62},[52,155918,1118],{"class":66},[52,155920,1565],{"class":110},[52,155922,193],{"class":66},[52,155924,1118],{"class":66},[52,155926,2451],{"class":110},[52,155928,193],{"class":66},[52,155930,2850],{"class":110},[52,155932,1115],{"class":66},[52,155934,4017],{"class":66},[52,155936,2903],{"class":110},[52,155938,193],{"class":66},[52,155940,5002],{"class":110},[52,155942,1718],{"class":66},[52,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,155946,149],{"class":148},[52,155948,152],{"class":66},[52,155950,2082],{"class":148},[52,155952,152],{"class":66},[52,155954,630],{"class":155},[52,155956,742],{"class":66},[14,155958,155959],{},[18,155960,164],{},[42,155962,155963],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,155964,155965],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,155966,155967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155968,46770],{"class":110},[14,155970,20094],{},[227,155972,155973,155978,155983],{},[230,155974,155975,155977],{},[49,155976,1565],{}," is one item",[230,155979,155980,155977],{},[49,155981,155982],{},"(2, 3)",[230,155984,155985,155977],{},[49,155986,155987],{},"[4, 5]",[37,155989,155991],{"id":155990},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[487,155993,155995],{"id":155994},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[42,155997,155999],{"className":44,"code":155998,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[49,156000,156001,156041],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156002,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156004,13431],{"class":58},[52,156006,63],{"class":62},[52,156008,1118],{"class":66},[52,156010,81],{"class":73},[52,156012,13448],{"class":77},[52,156014,81],{"class":73},[52,156016,193],{"class":66},[52,156018,87],{"class":73},[52,156020,17591],{"class":77},[52,156022,81],{"class":73},[52,156024,193],{"class":66},[52,156026,87],{"class":73},[52,156028,13465],{"class":77},[52,156030,81],{"class":73},[52,156032,193],{"class":66},[52,156034,87],{"class":73},[52,156036,22662],{"class":77},[52,156038,81],{"class":73},[52,156040,159],{"class":66},[52,156042,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156044,149],{"class":148},[52,156046,152],{"class":66},[52,156048,2082],{"class":148},[52,156050,152],{"class":66},[52,156052,17638],{"class":155},[52,156054,742],{"class":66},[14,156056,156057],{},[18,156058,164],{},[42,156060,156061],{"className":44,"code":48804,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156062,156063],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156064,156065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156066,48804],{"class":110},[487,156068,155808],{"id":156069},"empty-tuple-1",[42,156071,156073],{"className":44,"code":156072,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[49,156074,156075,156083],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156076,156077,156079,156081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156078,8175],{"class":58},[52,156080,63],{"class":62},[52,156082,149490],{"class":66},[52,156084,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156086,149],{"class":148},[52,156088,152],{"class":66},[52,156090,2082],{"class":148},[52,156092,152],{"class":66},[52,156094,8204],{"class":155},[52,156096,742],{"class":66},[14,156098,156099],{},[18,156100,164],{},[42,156102,156103],{"className":44,"code":47405,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156104,156105],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156106,156107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156108,47405],{"class":110},[487,156110,156112],{"id":156111},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156114,156115,156116,156118],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[18,156117,1006],{}," always a tuple.",[42,156120,156122],{"className":44,"code":156121,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[49,156123,156124,156136,156148,156152,156166,156180],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156125,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156127,2953],{"class":58},[52,156129,63],{"class":62},[52,156131,1118],{"class":66},[52,156133,2531],{"class":110},[52,156135,159],{"class":66},[52,156137,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156139,2981],{"class":58},[52,156141,63],{"class":62},[52,156143,1118],{"class":66},[52,156145,2531],{"class":110},[52,156147,149504],{"class":66},[52,156149,156150],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156151,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,156153,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,156155,149],{"class":148},[52,156157,152],{"class":66},[52,156159,734],{"class":646},[52,156161,152],{"class":66},[52,156163,26],{"class":155},[52,156165,742],{"class":66},[52,156167,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,156169,149],{"class":148},[52,156171,152],{"class":66},[52,156173,734],{"class":646},[52,156175,152],{"class":66},[52,156177,5157],{"class":155},[52,156179,742],{"class":66},[52,156181,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,156183,149],{"class":148},[52,156185,152],{"class":66},[52,156187,2082],{"class":148},[52,156189,152],{"class":66},[52,156191,5157],{"class":155},[52,156193,742],{"class":66},[14,156195,156196],{},[18,156197,164],{},[42,156199,156201],{"className":44,"code":156200,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[49,156202,156203,156217,156231],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156204,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156206,771],{"class":62},[52,156208,775],{"class":774},[52,156210,186],{"class":73},[52,156212,2585],{"class":77},[52,156214,177],{"class":73},[52,156216,785],{"class":62},[52,156218,156219,156221,156223,156225,156227,156229],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156220,771],{"class":62},[52,156222,775],{"class":774},[52,156224,186],{"class":73},[52,156226,49107],{"class":77},[52,156228,177],{"class":73},[52,156230,785],{"class":62},[52,156232,156233],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156234,47070],{"class":110},[14,156236,156237,156238,2262,156241,35],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[26,156239,156240],{"href":148151},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[26,156242,149452],{"href":149451},[487,156244,156246],{"id":156245},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[42,156248,156250],{"className":44,"code":156249,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[49,156251,156252,156296],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156253,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156255,59630],{"class":58},[52,156257,63],{"class":62},[52,156259,1118],{"class":66},[52,156261,81],{"class":73},[52,156263,4474],{"class":77},[52,156265,81],{"class":73},[52,156267,193],{"class":66},[52,156269,4017],{"class":66},[52,156271,1565],{"class":110},[52,156273,193],{"class":66},[52,156275,1570],{"class":110},[52,156277,18198],{"class":66},[52,156279,1118],{"class":66},[52,156281,81],{"class":73},[52,156283,2570],{"class":77},[52,156285,81],{"class":73},[52,156287,193],{"class":66},[52,156289,87],{"class":73},[52,156291,12102],{"class":77},[52,156293,81],{"class":73},[52,156295,742],{"class":66},[52,156297,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306,156308],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156299,149],{"class":148},[52,156301,152],{"class":66},[52,156303,2082],{"class":148},[52,156305,152],{"class":66},[52,156307,59683],{"class":155},[52,156309,742],{"class":66},[14,156311,156312],{},[18,156313,164],{},[42,156315,156316],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156317,156318],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156319,156320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156321,46770],{"class":110},[14,156323,156324,156326],{},[49,156325,42512],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[37,156328,156330],{"id":156329},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[487,156332,156334,156336],{"id":156333},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[49,156335,42512],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[42,156338,156340],{"className":44,"code":156339,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[49,156341,156342,156366],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156343,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156345,4465],{"class":58},[52,156347,63],{"class":62},[52,156349,1118],{"class":66},[52,156351,81],{"class":73},[52,156353,63754],{"class":77},[52,156355,81],{"class":73},[52,156357,193],{"class":66},[52,156359,87],{"class":73},[52,156361,46],{"class":77},[52,156363,81],{"class":73},[52,156365,159],{"class":66},[52,156367,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156369,149],{"class":148},[52,156371,152],{"class":66},[52,156373,2082],{"class":148},[52,156375,152],{"class":66},[52,156377,4509],{"class":155},[52,156379,742],{"class":66},[14,156381,156382],{},[18,156383,164],{},[42,156385,156386],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156387,156388],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156389,156390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156391,2192],{"class":110},[14,156393,156394,156395,156397],{},"This result is ",[49,156396,2451],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156399,156400],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[42,156402,156404],{"className":44,"code":156403,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[49,156405,156406,156430],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156407,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156409,4465],{"class":58},[52,156411,63],{"class":62},[52,156413,1118],{"class":66},[52,156415,81],{"class":73},[52,156417,63754],{"class":77},[52,156419,81],{"class":73},[52,156421,193],{"class":66},[52,156423,87],{"class":73},[52,156425,46],{"class":77},[52,156427,81],{"class":73},[52,156429,159],{"class":66},[52,156431,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156433,149],{"class":148},[52,156435,152],{"class":66},[52,156437,2082],{"class":148},[52,156439,152],{"class":66},[52,156441,4509],{"class":155},[52,156443,1709],{"class":66},[52,156445,2514],{"class":110},[52,156447,3395],{"class":66},[14,156449,156450],{},[18,156451,164],{},[42,156453,156454],{"className":44,"code":2192,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156455,156456],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156457,156458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156459,2192],{"class":110},[14,156461,20908,156462,156465,156466,35],{},[49,156463,156464],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[49,156467,156468],{},"\"hi\"",[487,156470,156472,156474],{"id":156471},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[49,156473,42512],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[42,156476,156478],{"className":44,"code":156477,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[49,156479,156480,156516],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156481,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156483,4218],{"class":58},[52,156485,63],{"class":62},[52,156487,10366],{"class":66},[52,156489,1565],{"class":110},[52,156491,193],{"class":66},[52,156493,1570],{"class":110},[52,156495,1115],{"class":66},[52,156497,1118],{"class":66},[52,156499,2457],{"class":110},[52,156501,193],{"class":66},[52,156503,2856],{"class":110},[52,156505,1115],{"class":66},[52,156507,1118],{"class":66},[52,156509,2531],{"class":110},[52,156511,193],{"class":66},[52,156513,37792],{"class":110},[52,156515,742],{"class":66},[52,156517,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156519,149],{"class":148},[52,156521,152],{"class":66},[52,156523,2082],{"class":148},[52,156525,152],{"class":66},[52,156527,2071],{"class":155},[52,156529,742],{"class":66},[14,156531,156532],{},[18,156533,164],{},[42,156535,156536],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156537,156538],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156539,156540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156541,46770],{"class":110},[14,156543,156544],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[487,156546,156548],{"id":156547},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156550,25830],{},[42,156552,156554],{"className":44,"code":156553,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[49,156555,156556,156568],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156557,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156559,2845],{"class":58},[52,156561,63],{"class":62},[52,156563,1118],{"class":66},[52,156565,2728],{"class":110},[52,156567,159],{"class":66},[52,156569,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156571,149],{"class":148},[52,156573,152],{"class":66},[52,156575,734],{"class":646},[52,156577,152],{"class":66},[52,156579,263],{"class":155},[52,156581,742],{"class":66},[14,156583,156584],{},[18,156585,164],{},[42,156587,156589],{"className":44,"code":156588,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[49,156590,156591],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156592,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156594,771],{"class":62},[52,156596,775],{"class":774},[52,156598,186],{"class":73},[52,156600,2585],{"class":77},[52,156602,177],{"class":73},[52,156604,785],{"class":62},[14,156606,156607],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[42,156609,156611],{"className":44,"code":156610,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[49,156612,156613,156625,156639],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156614,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156616,2845],{"class":58},[52,156618,63],{"class":62},[52,156620,1118],{"class":66},[52,156622,2728],{"class":110},[52,156624,149504],{"class":66},[52,156626,156627,156629,156631,156633,156635,156637],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156628,149],{"class":148},[52,156630,152],{"class":66},[52,156632,734],{"class":646},[52,156634,152],{"class":66},[52,156636,263],{"class":155},[52,156638,742],{"class":66},[52,156640,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156642,149],{"class":148},[52,156644,152],{"class":66},[52,156646,2082],{"class":148},[52,156648,152],{"class":66},[52,156650,263],{"class":155},[52,156652,742],{"class":66},[14,156654,156655],{},[18,156656,164],{},[42,156658,156660],{"className":44,"code":156659,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[49,156661,156662,156676],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156663,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156665,771],{"class":62},[52,156667,775],{"class":774},[52,156669,186],{"class":73},[52,156671,49107],{"class":77},[52,156673,177],{"class":73},[52,156675,785],{"class":62},[52,156677,156678],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156679,47070],{"class":110},[487,156681,156683,156685],{"id":156682},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[49,156684,2082],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156687,44581,156688,156690],{},[49,156689,2082],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156692,44612],{},[42,156694,156696],{"className":44,"code":156695,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[49,156697,156698,156706,156726],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156699,156700,156702,156704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156701,2082],{"class":148},[52,156703,13632],{"class":62},[52,156705,2986],{"class":110},[52,156707,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156709,4012],{"class":58},[52,156711,63],{"class":62},[52,156713,1118],{"class":66},[52,156715,1565],{"class":110},[52,156717,193],{"class":66},[52,156719,1570],{"class":110},[52,156721,193],{"class":66},[52,156723,2850],{"class":110},[52,156725,159],{"class":66},[52,156727,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736,156738],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156729,149],{"class":148},[52,156731,152],{"class":66},[52,156733,2082],{"class":148},[52,156735,152],{"class":66},[52,156737,1578],{"class":155},[52,156739,742],{"class":66},[14,156741,39803,156742,156744],{},[49,156743,2082],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156746,156747],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[42,156749,156751],{"className":44,"code":156750,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[49,156752,156753,156762,156782],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156754,156755,156758,156760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156756,156757],{"class":58},"length_value ",[52,156759,63],{"class":62},[52,156761,2986],{"class":110},[52,156763,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156765,4012],{"class":58},[52,156767,63],{"class":62},[52,156769,1118],{"class":66},[52,156771,1565],{"class":110},[52,156773,193],{"class":66},[52,156775,1570],{"class":110},[52,156777,193],{"class":66},[52,156779,2850],{"class":110},[52,156781,159],{"class":66},[52,156783,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156785,149],{"class":148},[52,156787,152],{"class":66},[52,156789,2082],{"class":148},[52,156791,152],{"class":66},[52,156793,1578],{"class":155},[52,156795,742],{"class":66},[14,156797,156798],{},[18,156799,164],{},[42,156801,156802],{"className":44,"code":46770,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,156803,156804],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156805,156806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156807,46770],{"class":110},[37,156809,156811],{"id":156810},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156813,156814,156816],{},[49,156815,42512],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[487,156818,156820],{"id":156819},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[42,156822,156824],{"className":44,"code":156823,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[49,156825,156826,156834,156838,156856],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156827,156828,156830,156832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156829,8175],{"class":58},[52,156831,63],{"class":62},[52,156833,149490],{"class":66},[52,156835,156836],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156837,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,156839,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156841,7395],{"class":4272},[52,156843,38535],{"class":148},[52,156845,152],{"class":66},[52,156847,8204],{"class":155},[52,156849,4056],{"class":66},[52,156851,6807],{"class":62},[52,156853,4229],{"class":110},[52,156855,6792],{"class":66},[52,156857,156858,156860,156862,156864,156867,156869],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,156859,8463],{"class":148},[52,156861,152],{"class":66},[52,156863,81],{"class":73},[52,156865,156866],{"class":77},"The tuple is empty",[52,156868,81],{"class":73},[52,156870,159],{"class":66},[14,156872,156873],{},[18,156874,164],{},[42,156876,156878],{"className":44,"code":156877,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"The tuple is empty\n",[49,156879,156880],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156881,156882,156884,156886,156888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156883,2374],{"class":58},[52,156885,49107],{"class":646},[52,156887,8491],{"class":62},[52,156889,8497],{"class":58},[487,156891,156893],{"id":156892},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[42,156895,156897],{"className":44,"code":156896,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[49,156898,156899,156915,156919,156937],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156900,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156902,51540],{"class":58},[52,156904,63],{"class":62},[52,156906,1118],{"class":66},[52,156908,2903],{"class":110},[52,156910,193],{"class":66},[52,156912,6392],{"class":110},[52,156914,159],{"class":66},[52,156916,156917],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,156918,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,156920,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,156922,7395],{"class":4272},[52,156924,38535],{"class":148},[52,156926,152],{"class":66},[52,156928,51565],{"class":155},[52,156930,4056],{"class":66},[52,156932,6807],{"class":62},[52,156934,1570],{"class":110},[52,156936,6792],{"class":66},[52,156938,156939,156941,156943,156945,156948,156950],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,156940,8463],{"class":148},[52,156942,152],{"class":66},[52,156944,81],{"class":73},[52,156946,156947],{"class":77},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[52,156949,81],{"class":73},[52,156951,159],{"class":66},[14,156953,156954],{},[18,156955,164],{},[42,156957,156959],{"className":44,"code":156958,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[49,156960,156961],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156962,156963,156966,156968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156964,156965],{"class":58},"This looks like an x",[52,156967,193],{"class":66},[52,156969,156970],{"class":58}," y coordinate\n",[487,156972,156974],{"id":156973},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[42,156976,156978],{"className":44,"code":156977,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[49,156979,156980,157009,157013,157031],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,156981,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157005,157007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156983,961],{"class":58},[52,156985,63],{"class":62},[52,156987,1118],{"class":66},[52,156989,81],{"class":73},[52,156991,90],{"class":77},[52,156993,81],{"class":73},[52,156995,193],{"class":66},[52,156997,9684],{"class":110},[52,156999,193],{"class":66},[52,157001,87],{"class":73},[52,157003,157004],{"class":77},"Canada",[52,157006,81],{"class":73},[52,157008,159],{"class":66},[52,157010,157011],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157012,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157014,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157016,7395],{"class":4272},[52,157018,38535],{"class":148},[52,157020,152],{"class":66},[52,157022,998],{"class":155},[52,157024,4056],{"class":66},[52,157026,6807],{"class":62},[52,157028,2850],{"class":110},[52,157030,6792],{"class":66},[52,157032,157033,157035,157037,157039,157042,157044],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,157034,8463],{"class":148},[52,157036,152],{"class":66},[52,157038,81],{"class":73},[52,157040,157041],{"class":77},"User record has the expected number of values",[52,157043,81],{"class":73},[52,157045,159],{"class":66},[14,157047,157048],{},[18,157049,164],{},[42,157051,157053],{"className":44,"code":157052,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[49,157054,157055],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157056,157057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157058,157052],{"class":58},[487,157060,157062],{"id":157061},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[42,157064,157066],{"className":44,"code":157065,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[49,157067,157068,157100,157104,157124],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157069,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157071,36237],{"class":58},[52,157073,63],{"class":62},[52,157075,1118],{"class":66},[52,157077,81],{"class":73},[52,157079,26],{"class":77},[52,157081,81],{"class":73},[52,157083,193],{"class":66},[52,157085,87],{"class":73},[52,157087,5157],{"class":77},[52,157089,81],{"class":73},[52,157091,193],{"class":66},[52,157093,87],{"class":73},[52,157095,10111],{"class":77},[52,157097,81],{"class":73},[52,157099,159],{"class":66},[52,157101,157102],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157103,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157105,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157107,6356],{"class":4272},[52,157109,69707],{"class":58},[52,157111,4279],{"class":4272},[52,157113,54226],{"class":148},[52,157115,152],{"class":66},[52,157117,2082],{"class":148},[52,157119,152],{"class":66},[52,157121,36290],{"class":155},[52,157123,69722],{"class":66},[52,157125,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,157127,8463],{"class":148},[52,157129,152],{"class":66},[52,157131,36301],{"class":155},[52,157133,193],{"class":66},[52,157135,70255],{"class":155},[52,157137,1709],{"class":66},[52,157139,36301],{"class":155},[52,157141,1718],{"class":66},[14,157143,157144],{},[18,157145,164],{},[42,157147,157148],{"className":44,"code":36313,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,157149,157150,157156,157162],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157151,157152,157154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157153,2514],{"class":110},[52,157155,36322],{"class":58},[52,157157,157158,157160],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157159,1565],{"class":110},[52,157161,36329],{"class":58},[52,157163,157164,157166],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157165,2451],{"class":110},[52,157167,36336],{"class":58},[14,157169,157170,157171,157173,157174,35],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[26,157172,149821],{"href":149820},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[26,157175,151065],{"href":151064},[37,157177,1743],{"id":1742},[14,157179,157180],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[227,157182,157183,157191,157198,157203],{},[230,157184,157185,157186,11456,157189],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[49,157187,157188],{},"(5)",[49,157190,149655],{},[230,157192,8813,157193,157195,157196],{},[49,157194,2082],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[49,157197,42512],{},[230,157199,8849,157200,157202],{},[49,157201,42512],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[230,157204,157205],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157207,32225],{},[42,157209,157211],{"className":44,"code":157210,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[49,157212,157213,157223,157237,157251],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157214,157215,157217,157219,157221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157216,149],{"class":148},[52,157218,152],{"class":66},[52,157220,148166],{"class":155},[52,157222,159],{"class":66},[52,157224,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157226,149],{"class":148},[52,157228,152],{"class":66},[52,157230,734],{"class":646},[52,157232,152],{"class":66},[52,157234,148166],{"class":155},[52,157236,742],{"class":66},[52,157238,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157240,149],{"class":148},[52,157242,152],{"class":66},[52,157244,2082],{"class":148},[52,157246,152],{"class":66},[52,157248,148166],{"class":155},[52,157250,742],{"class":66},[52,157252,157253,157255,157257,157259],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,157254,32295],{"class":148},[52,157256,152],{"class":66},[52,157258,2082],{"class":148},[52,157260,159],{"class":66},[14,157262,155375],{},[227,157264,157265,157268,157271,157275],{},[230,157266,157267],{},"what value you are using",[230,157269,157270],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[230,157272,26159,157273,12063],{},[49,157274,42512],{},[230,157276,123539,157277,157279],{},[49,157278,42512],{}," is documented in Python",[37,157281,2220],{"id":2219},[487,157283,157285],{"id":157284},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157287,340,157288,157291],{},[49,157289,157290],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[487,157293,13061,157295,149325],{"id":157294},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[49,157296,42512],{},[14,157298,46518,157299,157301],{},[49,157300,42512],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[487,157303,157305],{"id":157304},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157307,157308,157309,35],{},"The length is ",[49,157310,2514],{},[487,157312,157314],{"id":157313},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157316,151011,157317,157319],{},[49,157318,151014],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[487,157321,13061,157323,157325],{"id":157322},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[49,157324,42512],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157327,157328],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[37,157330,2277],{"id":2276},[227,157332,157333,157339,157343,157347,157351],{},[230,157334,157335],{},[26,157336,3969,157337,3902],{"href":42509},[49,157338,42512],{},[230,157340,157341],{},[26,157342,156240],{"href":148151},[230,157344,157345],{},[26,157346,149821],{"href":149820},[230,157348,157349],{},[26,157350,151065],{"href":151064},[230,157352,157353],{},[26,157354,157355],{"href":149451},"What is a tuple in Python",[2315,157357,157358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":157360},[157361,157362,157363,157370,157376,157385,157391,157392,157401],{"id":224,"depth":70,"text":225},{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":155728,"depth":70,"text":157364,"children":157365},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157366,157367,157368,157369],{"id":155740,"depth":98,"text":155741},{"id":155807,"depth":98,"text":155808},{"id":155852,"depth":98,"text":155853},{"id":155901,"depth":98,"text":155902},{"id":155990,"depth":70,"text":155991,"children":157371},[157372,157373,157374,157375],{"id":155994,"depth":98,"text":155995},{"id":156069,"depth":98,"text":155808},{"id":156111,"depth":98,"text":156112},{"id":156245,"depth":98,"text":156246},{"id":156329,"depth":70,"text":156330,"children":157377},[157378,157380,157382,157383],{"id":156333,"depth":98,"text":157379},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156471,"depth":98,"text":157381},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156547,"depth":98,"text":156548},{"id":156682,"depth":98,"text":157384},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156810,"depth":70,"text":156811,"children":157386},[157387,157388,157389,157390],{"id":156819,"depth":98,"text":156820},{"id":156892,"depth":98,"text":156893},{"id":156973,"depth":98,"text":156974},{"id":157061,"depth":98,"text":157062},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":157393},[157394,157395,157397,157398,157399],{"id":157284,"depth":98,"text":157285},{"id":157294,"depth":98,"text":157396},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157304,"depth":98,"text":157305},{"id":157313,"depth":98,"text":157314},{"id":157322,"depth":98,"text":157400},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155512,"description":157402},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157409,"title":157410,"body":157411,"description":159796,"extension":2357,"meta":159797,"navigation":141,"path":159798,"seo":159799,"stem":159800,"__hash__":159801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157412,"toc":159757},[157413,157416,157419,157422,157445,157451,157453,157564,157568,157571,157581,157583,157682,157684,157761,157767,157771,157774,157797,157800,157817,157820,157822,157885,157887,157904,157915,157920,157922,157925,157931,157982,157984,158004,158008,158059,158061,158082,158086,158141,158143,158164,158168,158223,158225,158246,158250,158303,158305,158334,158336,158338,158341,158345,158402,158404,158425,158429,158482,158484,158509,158514,158518,158523,158541,158544,158607,158609,158630,158633,158694,158696,158717,158720,158763,158766,158770,158775,158779,158858,158860,158891,158895,158970,158972,158999,159003,159050,159052,159060,159065,159069,159072,159087,159089,159177,159179,159204,159207,159250,159259,159261,159264,159279,159282,159286,159340,159342,159362,159367,159371,159373,159411,159414,159464,159468,159541,159543,159580,159583,159585,159588,159608,159611,159680,159682,159695,159697,159701,159704,159708,159711,159716,159719,159725,159730,159732,159754],[10,157414,157410],{"id":157415},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157417,157418],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157420,157421],{},"Use this format:",[42,157423,157425],{"className":44,"code":157424,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[49,157426,157427],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157428,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157430,49107],{"class":58},[52,157432,1709],{"class":66},[52,157434,36219],{"class":58},[52,157436,84],{"class":66},[52,157438,75585],{"class":58},[52,157440,84],{"class":66},[52,157442,75588],{"class":58},[52,157444,4030],{"class":66},[14,157446,2374,157447,75621,157449,35],{},[49,157448,75585],{},[18,157450,65228],{},[37,157452,40],{"id":39},[42,157454,157456],{"className":44,"code":157455,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[49,157457,157458,157486,157490,157511,157528,157545],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157459,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157461,4012],{"class":58},[52,157463,63],{"class":62},[52,157465,1118],{"class":66},[52,157467,2728],{"class":110},[52,157469,193],{"class":66},[52,157471,111],{"class":110},[52,157473,193],{"class":66},[52,157475,1929],{"class":110},[52,157477,193],{"class":66},[52,157479,50998],{"class":110},[52,157481,193],{"class":66},[52,157483,5477],{"class":110},[52,157485,159],{"class":66},[52,157487,157488],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157489,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157491,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157493,149],{"class":148},[52,157495,152],{"class":66},[52,157497,1578],{"class":155},[52,157499,1709],{"class":66},[52,157501,1565],{"class":110},[52,157503,84],{"class":66},[52,157505,2903],{"class":110},[52,157507,20583],{"class":66},[52,157509,157510],{"class":1017},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157512,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,157514,149],{"class":148},[52,157516,152],{"class":66},[52,157518,1578],{"class":155},[52,157520,75694],{"class":66},[52,157522,2457],{"class":110},[52,157524,20583],{"class":66},[52,157526,157527],{"class":1017},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[52,157529,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,157531,149],{"class":148},[52,157533,152],{"class":66},[52,157535,1578],{"class":155},[52,157537,74281],{"class":66},[52,157539,2451],{"class":110},[52,157541,20583],{"class":66},[52,157543,157544],{"class":1017},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[52,157546,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157548,149],{"class":148},[52,157550,152],{"class":66},[52,157552,1578],{"class":155},[52,157554,74281],{"class":66},[52,157556,2416],{"class":62},[52,157558,1565],{"class":110},[52,157560,20583],{"class":66},[52,157562,157563],{"class":1017},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[37,157565,157567],{"id":157566},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157569,157570],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[227,157572,157573,157575,157578],{},[230,157574,75888],{},[230,157576,157577],{},"The result is a new tuple",[230,157579,157580],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157582,511],{},[42,157584,157586],{"className":44,"code":157585,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[49,157587,157588,157636,157640,157658,157662,157672],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157589,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157591,36237],{"class":58},[52,157593,63],{"class":62},[52,157595,1118],{"class":66},[52,157597,81],{"class":73},[52,157599,26],{"class":77},[52,157601,81],{"class":73},[52,157603,193],{"class":66},[52,157605,87],{"class":73},[52,157607,5157],{"class":77},[52,157609,81],{"class":73},[52,157611,193],{"class":66},[52,157613,87],{"class":73},[52,157615,10111],{"class":77},[52,157617,81],{"class":73},[52,157619,193],{"class":66},[52,157621,87],{"class":73},[52,157623,18904],{"class":77},[52,157625,81],{"class":73},[52,157627,193],{"class":66},[52,157629,87],{"class":73},[52,157631,60605],{"class":77},[52,157633,81],{"class":73},[52,157635,159],{"class":66},[52,157637,157638],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157639,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157641,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157643,75818],{"class":58},[52,157645,63],{"class":62},[52,157647,70255],{"class":58},[52,157649,1709],{"class":66},[52,157651,1565],{"class":110},[52,157653,84],{"class":66},[52,157655,2903],{"class":110},[52,157657,4030],{"class":66},[52,157659,157660],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,157661,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157663,157664,157666,157668,157670],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,157665,149],{"class":148},[52,157667,152],{"class":66},[52,157669,75841],{"class":155},[52,157671,159],{"class":66},[52,157673,157674,157676,157678,157680],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,157675,149],{"class":148},[52,157677,152],{"class":66},[52,157679,36290],{"class":155},[52,157681,159],{"class":66},[14,157683,164],{},[42,157685,157687],{"className":44,"code":157686,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[49,157688,157689,157717],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157690,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157692,152],{"class":66},[52,157694,177],{"class":73},[52,157696,5157],{"class":77},[52,157698,177],{"class":73},[52,157700,193],{"class":66},[52,157702,186],{"class":73},[52,157704,10111],{"class":77},[52,157706,177],{"class":73},[52,157708,193],{"class":66},[52,157710,186],{"class":73},[52,157712,18904],{"class":77},[52,157714,177],{"class":73},[52,157716,159],{"class":66},[52,157718,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157720,152],{"class":66},[52,157722,177],{"class":73},[52,157724,26],{"class":77},[52,157726,177],{"class":73},[52,157728,193],{"class":66},[52,157730,186],{"class":73},[52,157732,5157],{"class":77},[52,157734,177],{"class":73},[52,157736,193],{"class":66},[52,157738,186],{"class":73},[52,157740,10111],{"class":77},[52,157742,177],{"class":73},[52,157744,193],{"class":66},[52,157746,186],{"class":73},[52,157748,18904],{"class":77},[52,157750,177],{"class":73},[52,157752,193],{"class":66},[52,157754,186],{"class":73},[52,157756,60605],{"class":77},[52,157758,177],{"class":73},[52,157760,159],{"class":66},[14,157762,157763,157764,35],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[26,157765,148148],{"href":157766},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[37,157768,157770],{"id":157769},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157772,157773],{},"The full syntax is:",[42,157775,157777],{"className":44,"code":157776,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[49,157778,157779],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157780,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157782,148166],{"class":58},[52,157784,1709],{"class":66},[52,157786,36219],{"class":58},[52,157788,84],{"class":66},[52,157790,75585],{"class":58},[52,157792,84],{"class":66},[52,157794,75588],{"class":58},[52,157796,4030],{"class":66},[14,157798,157799],{},"Each part has a job:",[227,157801,157802,157807,157812],{},[230,157803,157804,157806],{},[49,157805,36219],{},": where slicing begins",[230,157808,157809,157811],{},[49,157810,75585],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[230,157813,157814,157816],{},[49,157815,75588],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157818,157819],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157821,511],{},[42,157823,157825],{"className":44,"code":157824,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[49,157826,157827,157859,157863],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157828,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157830,4012],{"class":58},[52,157832,63],{"class":62},[52,157834,1118],{"class":66},[52,157836,2728],{"class":110},[52,157838,193],{"class":66},[52,157840,111],{"class":110},[52,157842,193],{"class":66},[52,157844,1929],{"class":110},[52,157846,193],{"class":66},[52,157848,50998],{"class":110},[52,157850,193],{"class":66},[52,157852,5477],{"class":110},[52,157854,193],{"class":66},[52,157856,76259],{"class":110},[52,157858,159],{"class":66},[52,157860,157861],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157862,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157864,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157866,149],{"class":148},[52,157868,152],{"class":66},[52,157870,1578],{"class":155},[52,157872,1709],{"class":66},[52,157874,1565],{"class":110},[52,157876,84],{"class":66},[52,157878,2531],{"class":110},[52,157880,84],{"class":66},[52,157882,2451],{"class":110},[52,157884,1718],{"class":66},[14,157886,164],{},[42,157888,157890],{"className":44,"code":157889,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(20, 40)\n",[49,157891,157892],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157893,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157895,152],{"class":66},[52,157897,852],{"class":110},[52,157899,193],{"class":66},[52,157901,50998],{"class":110},[52,157903,159],{"class":66},[14,157905,157906,157907,157909,157910,157912,157913,35],{},"This starts at index ",[49,157908,1565],{},", stops before index ",[49,157911,2531],{},", and moves by ",[49,157914,2451],{},[14,157916,157917,157918,35],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[26,157919,149821],{"href":153247},[37,157921,76175],{"id":76174},[14,157923,157924],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[487,157926,157928,157929,6364],{"id":157927},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[49,157930,76189],{},[42,157932,157934],{"className":44,"code":157933,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[49,157935,157936,157964,157968],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157937,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157939,4012],{"class":58},[52,157941,63],{"class":62},[52,157943,1118],{"class":66},[52,157945,2728],{"class":110},[52,157947,193],{"class":66},[52,157949,111],{"class":110},[52,157951,193],{"class":66},[52,157953,1929],{"class":110},[52,157955,193],{"class":66},[52,157957,50998],{"class":110},[52,157959,193],{"class":66},[52,157961,5477],{"class":110},[52,157963,159],{"class":66},[52,157965,157966],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,157967,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,157969,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,157971,149],{"class":148},[52,157973,152],{"class":66},[52,157975,1578],{"class":155},[52,157977,75694],{"class":66},[52,157979,2457],{"class":110},[52,157981,1718],{"class":66},[14,157983,164],{},[42,157985,157986],{"className":44,"code":151513,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,157987,157988],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,157989,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157991,152],{"class":66},[52,157993,2728],{"class":110},[52,157995,193],{"class":66},[52,157997,111],{"class":110},[52,157999,193],{"class":66},[52,158001,1929],{"class":110},[52,158003,159],{"class":66},[487,158005,158007],{"id":158006},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[42,158009,158011],{"className":44,"code":158010,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[49,158012,158013,158041,158045],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158014,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158016,4012],{"class":58},[52,158018,63],{"class":62},[52,158020,1118],{"class":66},[52,158022,2728],{"class":110},[52,158024,193],{"class":66},[52,158026,111],{"class":110},[52,158028,193],{"class":66},[52,158030,1929],{"class":110},[52,158032,193],{"class":66},[52,158034,50998],{"class":110},[52,158036,193],{"class":66},[52,158038,5477],{"class":110},[52,158040,159],{"class":66},[52,158042,158043],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158044,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158046,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158048,149],{"class":148},[52,158050,152],{"class":66},[52,158052,1578],{"class":155},[52,158054,1709],{"class":66},[52,158056,2451],{"class":110},[52,158058,77875],{"class":66},[14,158060,164],{},[42,158062,158064],{"className":44,"code":158063,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[49,158065,158066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158067,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158069,152],{"class":66},[52,158071,36989],{"class":110},[52,158073,193],{"class":66},[52,158075,50998],{"class":110},[52,158077,193],{"class":66},[52,158079,5477],{"class":110},[52,158081,159],{"class":66},[487,158083,158085],{"id":158084},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[42,158087,158089],{"className":44,"code":158088,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[49,158090,158091,158119,158123],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158094,4012],{"class":58},[52,158096,63],{"class":62},[52,158098,1118],{"class":66},[52,158100,2728],{"class":110},[52,158102,193],{"class":66},[52,158104,111],{"class":110},[52,158106,193],{"class":66},[52,158108,1929],{"class":110},[52,158110,193],{"class":66},[52,158112,50998],{"class":110},[52,158114,193],{"class":66},[52,158116,5477],{"class":110},[52,158118,159],{"class":66},[52,158120,158121],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158122,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158124,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158126,149],{"class":148},[52,158128,152],{"class":66},[52,158130,1578],{"class":155},[52,158132,1709],{"class":66},[52,158134,1565],{"class":110},[52,158136,84],{"class":66},[52,158138,2903],{"class":110},[52,158140,1718],{"class":66},[14,158142,164],{},[42,158144,158146],{"className":44,"code":158145,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[49,158147,158148],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158149,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158151,152],{"class":66},[52,158153,852],{"class":110},[52,158155,193],{"class":66},[52,158157,1929],{"class":110},[52,158159,193],{"class":66},[52,158161,50998],{"class":110},[52,158163,159],{"class":66},[487,158165,158167],{"id":158166},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[42,158169,158171],{"className":44,"code":158170,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[49,158172,158173,158205,158209],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158174,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158176,4012],{"class":58},[52,158178,63],{"class":62},[52,158180,1118],{"class":66},[52,158182,2728],{"class":110},[52,158184,193],{"class":66},[52,158186,111],{"class":110},[52,158188,193],{"class":66},[52,158190,1929],{"class":110},[52,158192,193],{"class":66},[52,158194,50998],{"class":110},[52,158196,193],{"class":66},[52,158198,5477],{"class":110},[52,158200,193],{"class":66},[52,158202,76259],{"class":110},[52,158204,159],{"class":66},[52,158206,158207],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158208,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158212,149],{"class":148},[52,158214,152],{"class":66},[52,158216,1578],{"class":155},[52,158218,74281],{"class":66},[52,158220,2451],{"class":110},[52,158222,1718],{"class":66},[14,158224,164],{},[42,158226,158228],{"className":44,"code":158227,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[49,158229,158230],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158231,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158233,152],{"class":66},[52,158235,2728],{"class":110},[52,158237,193],{"class":66},[52,158239,1929],{"class":110},[52,158241,193],{"class":66},[52,158243,5477],{"class":110},[52,158245,159],{"class":66},[487,158247,158249],{"id":158248},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[42,158251,158253],{"className":44,"code":158252,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[49,158254,158255,158283,158287],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158256,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158258,4012],{"class":58},[52,158260,63],{"class":62},[52,158262,1118],{"class":66},[52,158264,2728],{"class":110},[52,158266,193],{"class":66},[52,158268,111],{"class":110},[52,158270,193],{"class":66},[52,158272,1929],{"class":110},[52,158274,193],{"class":66},[52,158276,50998],{"class":110},[52,158278,193],{"class":66},[52,158280,5477],{"class":110},[52,158282,159],{"class":66},[52,158284,158285],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158286,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158288,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158290,149],{"class":148},[52,158292,152],{"class":66},[52,158294,1578],{"class":155},[52,158296,74281],{"class":66},[52,158298,2416],{"class":62},[52,158300,1565],{"class":110},[52,158302,1718],{"class":66},[14,158304,164],{},[42,158306,158308],{"className":44,"code":158307,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[49,158309,158310],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158311,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158313,152],{"class":66},[52,158315,76953],{"class":110},[52,158317,193],{"class":66},[52,158319,50998],{"class":110},[52,158321,193],{"class":66},[52,158323,1929],{"class":110},[52,158325,193],{"class":66},[52,158327,111],{"class":110},[52,158329,193],{"class":66},[52,158331,6403],{"class":110},[52,158333,159],{"class":66},[37,158335,76469],{"id":76468},[14,158337,154520],{},[14,158339,158340],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[487,158342,158344],{"id":158343},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[42,158346,158348],{"className":44,"code":158347,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[49,158349,158350,158382,158386],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158351,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158353,4012],{"class":58},[52,158355,63],{"class":62},[52,158357,1118],{"class":66},[52,158359,2728],{"class":110},[52,158361,193],{"class":66},[52,158363,111],{"class":110},[52,158365,193],{"class":66},[52,158367,1929],{"class":110},[52,158369,193],{"class":66},[52,158371,50998],{"class":110},[52,158373,193],{"class":66},[52,158375,5477],{"class":110},[52,158377,193],{"class":66},[52,158379,76259],{"class":110},[52,158381,159],{"class":66},[52,158383,158384],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158385,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158387,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158389,149],{"class":148},[52,158391,152],{"class":66},[52,158393,1578],{"class":155},[52,158395,1709],{"class":66},[52,158397,2416],{"class":62},[52,158399,2457],{"class":110},[52,158401,77875],{"class":66},[14,158403,164],{},[42,158405,158407],{"className":44,"code":158406,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[49,158408,158409],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158410,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158412,152],{"class":66},[52,158414,56849],{"class":110},[52,158416,193],{"class":66},[52,158418,5477],{"class":110},[52,158420,193],{"class":66},[52,158422,76259],{"class":110},[52,158424,159],{"class":66},[487,158426,158428],{"id":158427},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[42,158430,158432],{"className":44,"code":158431,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[49,158433,158434,158462,158466],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158435,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158437,4012],{"class":58},[52,158439,63],{"class":62},[52,158441,1118],{"class":66},[52,158443,2728],{"class":110},[52,158445,193],{"class":66},[52,158447,111],{"class":110},[52,158449,193],{"class":66},[52,158451,1929],{"class":110},[52,158453,193],{"class":66},[52,158455,50998],{"class":110},[52,158457,193],{"class":66},[52,158459,5477],{"class":110},[52,158461,159],{"class":66},[52,158463,158464],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158465,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158467,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158469,149],{"class":148},[52,158471,152],{"class":66},[52,158473,1578],{"class":155},[52,158475,75694],{"class":66},[52,158477,2416],{"class":62},[52,158479,1565],{"class":110},[52,158481,1718],{"class":66},[14,158483,164],{},[42,158485,158487],{"className":44,"code":158486,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[49,158488,158489],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158490,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158492,152],{"class":66},[52,158494,2728],{"class":110},[52,158496,193],{"class":66},[52,158498,111],{"class":110},[52,158500,193],{"class":66},[52,158502,1929],{"class":110},[52,158504,193],{"class":66},[52,158506,50998],{"class":110},[52,158508,159],{"class":66},[14,158510,158511,158512,35],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[26,158513,151070],{"href":157404},[37,158515,158517],{"id":158516},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158519,2374,158520,158522],{},[49,158521,75588],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[227,158524,158525,158527,158529,158535],{},[230,158526,76725],{},[230,158528,76728],{},[230,158530,158531,158534],{},[49,158532,158533],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[230,158536,158537,158538,158540],{},"A step of ",[49,158539,2514],{}," is not allowed",[14,158542,158543],{},"Example with a positive step:",[42,158545,158547],{"className":44,"code":158546,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[49,158548,158549,158581,158585],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158550,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158552,4012],{"class":58},[52,158554,63],{"class":62},[52,158556,1118],{"class":66},[52,158558,2728],{"class":110},[52,158560,193],{"class":66},[52,158562,111],{"class":110},[52,158564,193],{"class":66},[52,158566,1929],{"class":110},[52,158568,193],{"class":66},[52,158570,50998],{"class":110},[52,158572,193],{"class":66},[52,158574,5477],{"class":110},[52,158576,193],{"class":66},[52,158578,76259],{"class":110},[52,158580,159],{"class":66},[52,158582,158583],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158584,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158586,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158588,149],{"class":148},[52,158590,152],{"class":66},[52,158592,1578],{"class":155},[52,158594,1709],{"class":66},[52,158596,1565],{"class":110},[52,158598,84],{"class":66},[52,158600,80753],{"class":110},[52,158602,84],{"class":66},[52,158604,2451],{"class":110},[52,158606,1718],{"class":66},[14,158608,164],{},[42,158610,158612],{"className":44,"code":158611,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[49,158613,158614],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158615,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158617,152],{"class":66},[52,158619,852],{"class":110},[52,158621,193],{"class":66},[52,158623,50998],{"class":110},[52,158625,193],{"class":66},[52,158627,76259],{"class":110},[52,158629,159],{"class":66},[14,158631,158632],{},"Example with a negative step:",[42,158634,158636],{"className":44,"code":158635,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[49,158637,158638,158666,158670],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158639,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158641,4012],{"class":58},[52,158643,63],{"class":62},[52,158645,1118],{"class":66},[52,158647,2728],{"class":110},[52,158649,193],{"class":66},[52,158651,111],{"class":110},[52,158653,193],{"class":66},[52,158655,1929],{"class":110},[52,158657,193],{"class":66},[52,158659,50998],{"class":110},[52,158661,193],{"class":66},[52,158663,5477],{"class":110},[52,158665,159],{"class":66},[52,158667,158668],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158669,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158671,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158673,149],{"class":148},[52,158675,152],{"class":66},[52,158677,1578],{"class":155},[52,158679,1709],{"class":66},[52,158681,2903],{"class":110},[52,158683,84],{"class":66},[52,158685,1565],{"class":110},[52,158687,84],{"class":66},[52,158689,2416],{"class":62},[52,158691,1565],{"class":110},[52,158693,1718],{"class":66},[14,158695,164],{},[42,158697,158699],{"className":44,"code":158698,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[49,158700,158701],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158702,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158704,152],{"class":66},[52,158706,76953],{"class":110},[52,158708,193],{"class":66},[52,158710,50998],{"class":110},[52,158712,193],{"class":66},[52,158714,1929],{"class":110},[52,158716,159],{"class":66},[14,158718,158719],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[42,158721,158723],{"className":44,"code":158722,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[49,158724,158725,158745,158749],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158728,4012],{"class":58},[52,158730,63],{"class":62},[52,158732,1118],{"class":66},[52,158734,2728],{"class":110},[52,158736,193],{"class":66},[52,158738,111],{"class":110},[52,158740,193],{"class":66},[52,158742,1929],{"class":110},[52,158744,159],{"class":66},[52,158746,158747],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158748,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158750,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158752,149],{"class":148},[52,158754,152],{"class":66},[52,158756,1578],{"class":155},[52,158758,74281],{"class":66},[52,158760,2514],{"class":110},[52,158762,1718],{"class":66},[14,158764,158765],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[37,158767,158769],{"id":158768},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158771,158772,158773,33885],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[18,158774,49107],{},[487,158776,158778],{"id":158777},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[42,158780,158782],{"className":44,"code":158781,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,158783,158784,158808,158812,158830,158834,158844],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158787,4012],{"class":58},[52,158789,63],{"class":62},[52,158791,1118],{"class":66},[52,158793,2728],{"class":110},[52,158795,193],{"class":66},[52,158797,111],{"class":110},[52,158799,193],{"class":66},[52,158801,1929],{"class":110},[52,158803,193],{"class":66},[52,158805,50998],{"class":110},[52,158807,159],{"class":66},[52,158809,158810],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158811,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158813,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158815,2626],{"class":58},[52,158817,63],{"class":62},[52,158819,4659],{"class":58},[52,158821,1709],{"class":66},[52,158823,1565],{"class":110},[52,158825,84],{"class":66},[52,158827,2457],{"class":110},[52,158829,4030],{"class":66},[52,158831,158832],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,158833,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158835,158836,158838,158840,158842],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,158837,149],{"class":148},[52,158839,152],{"class":66},[52,158841,2661],{"class":155},[52,158843,159],{"class":66},[52,158845,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,158847,149],{"class":148},[52,158849,152],{"class":66},[52,158851,734],{"class":646},[52,158853,152],{"class":66},[52,158855,2661],{"class":155},[52,158857,742],{"class":66},[14,158859,164],{},[42,158861,158863],{"className":44,"code":158862,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[49,158864,158865,158877],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158866,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158868,152],{"class":66},[52,158870,852],{"class":110},[52,158872,193],{"class":66},[52,158874,1929],{"class":110},[52,158876,159],{"class":66},[52,158878,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158880,771],{"class":62},[52,158882,775],{"class":774},[52,158884,186],{"class":73},[52,158886,49107],{"class":77},[52,158888,177],{"class":73},[52,158890,785],{"class":62},[487,158892,158894],{"id":158893},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[42,158896,158898],{"className":44,"code":158897,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[49,158899,158900,158920,158924,158942,158946,158956],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158901,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158903,4012],{"class":58},[52,158905,63],{"class":62},[52,158907,1118],{"class":66},[52,158909,2728],{"class":110},[52,158911,193],{"class":66},[52,158913,111],{"class":110},[52,158915,193],{"class":66},[52,158917,1929],{"class":110},[52,158919,159],{"class":66},[52,158921,158922],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158923,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158925,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934,158936,158938,158940],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,158927,2626],{"class":58},[52,158929,63],{"class":62},[52,158931,4659],{"class":58},[52,158933,1709],{"class":66},[52,158935,1565],{"class":110},[52,158937,84],{"class":66},[52,158939,2451],{"class":110},[52,158941,4030],{"class":66},[52,158943,158944],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,158945,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,158949,149],{"class":148},[52,158951,152],{"class":66},[52,158953,2661],{"class":155},[52,158955,159],{"class":66},[52,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,158959,149],{"class":148},[52,158961,152],{"class":66},[52,158963,734],{"class":646},[52,158965,152],{"class":66},[52,158967,2661],{"class":155},[52,158969,742],{"class":66},[14,158971,164],{},[42,158973,158975],{"className":44,"code":158974,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[49,158976,158977,158985],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,158978,158979,158981,158983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158980,152],{"class":66},[52,158982,852],{"class":110},[52,158984,149504],{"class":66},[52,158986,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,158988,771],{"class":62},[52,158990,775],{"class":774},[52,158992,186],{"class":73},[52,158994,49107],{"class":77},[52,158996,177],{"class":73},[52,158998,785],{"class":62},[487,159000,159002],{"id":159001},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[42,159004,159006],{"className":44,"code":159005,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[49,159007,159008,159028,159032],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159009,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159011,4012],{"class":58},[52,159013,63],{"class":62},[52,159015,1118],{"class":66},[52,159017,2728],{"class":110},[52,159019,193],{"class":66},[52,159021,111],{"class":110},[52,159023,193],{"class":66},[52,159025,1929],{"class":110},[52,159027,159],{"class":66},[52,159029,159030],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159031,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159033,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159035,149],{"class":148},[52,159037,152],{"class":66},[52,159039,1578],{"class":155},[52,159041,1709],{"class":66},[52,159043,2531],{"class":110},[52,159045,84],{"class":66},[52,159047,2743],{"class":110},[52,159049,1718],{"class":66},[14,159051,164],{},[42,159053,159054],{"className":44,"code":650,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,159055,159056],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159057,159058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159059,650],{"class":66},[14,159061,159062,159063,35],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[26,159064,156240],{"href":151127},[37,159066,159068],{"id":159067},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,159070,159071],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[227,159073,159074,159076,159079,159084],{},[230,159075,77034],{},[230,159077,159078],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[230,159080,159081,159082],{},"Indexing can raise ",[49,159083,70890],{},[230,159085,159086],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,159088,511],{},[42,159090,159092],{"className":44,"code":159091,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[49,159093,159094,159114,159118,159135,159156],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159095,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159097,4012],{"class":58},[52,159099,63],{"class":62},[52,159101,1118],{"class":66},[52,159103,2728],{"class":110},[52,159105,193],{"class":66},[52,159107,111],{"class":110},[52,159109,193],{"class":66},[52,159111,1929],{"class":110},[52,159113,159],{"class":66},[52,159115,159116],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159117,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159119,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130,159132],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159121,149],{"class":148},[52,159123,152],{"class":66},[52,159125,1578],{"class":155},[52,159127,1709],{"class":66},[52,159129,1565],{"class":110},[52,159131,20583],{"class":66},[52,159133,159134],{"class":1017},"    # one item\n",[52,159136,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,159138,149],{"class":148},[52,159140,152],{"class":66},[52,159142,1578],{"class":155},[52,159144,1709],{"class":66},[52,159146,1565],{"class":110},[52,159148,84],{"class":66},[52,159150,2531],{"class":110},[52,159152,20583],{"class":66},[52,159154,159155],{"class":1017},"  # slice\n",[52,159157,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,159159,149],{"class":148},[52,159161,152],{"class":66},[52,159163,1578],{"class":155},[52,159165,1709],{"class":66},[52,159167,2531],{"class":110},[52,159169,84],{"class":66},[52,159171,2743],{"class":110},[52,159173,20583],{"class":66},[52,159175,159176],{"class":1017},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159178,164],{},[42,159180,159182],{"className":44,"code":159181,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[49,159183,159184,159188,159200],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159185,159186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159187,71383],{"class":110},[52,159189,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159191,152],{"class":66},[52,159193,852],{"class":110},[52,159195,193],{"class":66},[52,159197,1929],{"class":110},[52,159199,159],{"class":66},[52,159201,159202],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159203,650],{"class":66},[14,159205,159206],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[42,159208,159210],{"className":44,"code":159209,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[49,159211,159212,159232,159236],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159213,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159215,4012],{"class":58},[52,159217,63],{"class":62},[52,159219,1118],{"class":66},[52,159221,2728],{"class":110},[52,159223,193],{"class":66},[52,159225,111],{"class":110},[52,159227,193],{"class":66},[52,159229,1929],{"class":110},[52,159231,159],{"class":66},[52,159233,159234],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159235,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159237,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159239,149],{"class":148},[52,159241,152],{"class":66},[52,159243,1578],{"class":155},[52,159245,1709],{"class":66},[52,159247,2531],{"class":110},[52,159249,1718],{"class":66},[14,159251,159252,159253,159255,159256,35],{},"This raises an ",[49,159254,70890],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[26,159257,154993],{"href":159258},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[37,159260,241],{"id":77301},[14,159262,159263],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[227,159265,159266,159269,159271,159274],{},[230,159267,159268],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[230,159270,60850],{},[230,159272,159273],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[230,159275,159276,159277],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[49,159278,2514],{},[14,159280,159281],{},"Here are a few examples.",[487,159283,159285],{"id":159284},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[42,159287,159288],{"className":44,"code":158088,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,159289,159290,159318,159322],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159291,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314,159316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159293,4012],{"class":58},[52,159295,63],{"class":62},[52,159297,1118],{"class":66},[52,159299,2728],{"class":110},[52,159301,193],{"class":66},[52,159303,111],{"class":110},[52,159305,193],{"class":66},[52,159307,1929],{"class":110},[52,159309,193],{"class":66},[52,159311,50998],{"class":110},[52,159313,193],{"class":66},[52,159315,5477],{"class":110},[52,159317,159],{"class":66},[52,159319,159320],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159321,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159323,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159325,149],{"class":148},[52,159327,152],{"class":66},[52,159329,1578],{"class":155},[52,159331,1709],{"class":66},[52,159333,1565],{"class":110},[52,159335,84],{"class":66},[52,159337,2903],{"class":110},[52,159339,1718],{"class":66},[14,159341,164],{},[42,159343,159344],{"className":44,"code":158145,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,159345,159346],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159349,152],{"class":66},[52,159351,852],{"class":110},[52,159353,193],{"class":66},[52,159355,1929],{"class":110},[52,159357,193],{"class":66},[52,159359,50998],{"class":110},[52,159361,159],{"class":66},[14,159363,132572,159364,159366],{},[49,159365,2903],{}," is not included.",[487,159368,159370],{"id":159369},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159372,4922],{},[42,159374,159376],{"className":44,"code":159375,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[49,159377,159378,159402,159406],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159379,159380,159382,159384,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159381,4012],{"class":58},[52,159383,63],{"class":62},[52,159385,1118],{"class":66},[52,159387,2728],{"class":110},[52,159389,193],{"class":66},[52,159391,111],{"class":110},[52,159393,193],{"class":66},[52,159395,1929],{"class":110},[52,159397,193],{"class":66},[52,159399,50998],{"class":110},[52,159401,159],{"class":66},[52,159403,159404],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159405,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159407,159408],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159409,159410],{"class":1017},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159412,159413],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[42,159415,159416],{"className":44,"code":155073,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,159417,159418,159442,159446],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159419,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159421,4012],{"class":58},[52,159423,63],{"class":62},[52,159425,1118],{"class":66},[52,159427,2728],{"class":110},[52,159429,193],{"class":66},[52,159431,111],{"class":110},[52,159433,193],{"class":66},[52,159435,1929],{"class":110},[52,159437,193],{"class":66},[52,159439,50998],{"class":110},[52,159441,159],{"class":66},[52,159443,159444],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159445,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159447,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458,159460,159462],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159449,149],{"class":148},[52,159451,152],{"class":66},[52,159453,1578],{"class":155},[52,159455,1709],{"class":66},[52,159457,1565],{"class":110},[52,159459,84],{"class":66},[52,159461,2457],{"class":110},[52,159463,1718],{"class":66},[487,159465,159467],{"id":159466},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[42,159469,159471],{"className":44,"code":159470,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[49,159472,159473,159497,159501,159516,159520,159531],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159474,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159476,4012],{"class":58},[52,159478,63],{"class":62},[52,159480,1118],{"class":66},[52,159482,2728],{"class":110},[52,159484,193],{"class":66},[52,159486,111],{"class":110},[52,159488,193],{"class":66},[52,159490,1929],{"class":110},[52,159492,193],{"class":66},[52,159494,50998],{"class":110},[52,159496,159],{"class":66},[52,159498,159499],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159500,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159502,159503,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159504,159505],{"class":58},"slice_result ",[52,159507,63],{"class":62},[52,159509,4659],{"class":58},[52,159511,75694],{"class":66},[52,159513,2451],{"class":110},[52,159515,4030],{"class":66},[52,159517,159518],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,159519,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159521,159522,159524,159526,159529],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,159523,149],{"class":148},[52,159525,152],{"class":66},[52,159527,159528],{"class":155},"slice_result",[52,159530,159],{"class":66},[52,159532,159533,159535,159537,159539],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,159534,149],{"class":148},[52,159536,152],{"class":66},[52,159538,1578],{"class":155},[52,159540,159],{"class":66},[14,159542,164],{},[42,159544,159546],{"className":44,"code":159545,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[49,159547,159548,159560],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159549,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159551,152],{"class":66},[52,159553,2728],{"class":110},[52,159555,193],{"class":66},[52,159557,111],{"class":110},[52,159559,159],{"class":66},[52,159561,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159563,152],{"class":66},[52,159565,2728],{"class":110},[52,159567,193],{"class":66},[52,159569,111],{"class":110},[52,159571,193],{"class":66},[52,159573,1929],{"class":110},[52,159575,193],{"class":66},[52,159577,50998],{"class":110},[52,159579,159],{"class":66},[14,159581,159582],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[37,159584,113886],{"id":113885},[14,159586,159587],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[227,159589,159590,159593,159596,159602,159605],{},[230,159591,159592],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[230,159594,159595],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[230,159597,159598,159599],{},"Using a zero step like ",[49,159600,159601],{},"tuple[::0]",[230,159603,159604],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[230,159606,159607],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159609,159610],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[42,159612,159614],{"className":44,"code":159613,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[49,159615,159616,159626,159644,159666],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159617,159618,159620,159622,159624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159619,149],{"class":148},[52,159621,152],{"class":66},[52,159623,148166],{"class":155},[52,159625,159],{"class":66},[52,159627,159628,159630,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159629,149],{"class":148},[52,159631,152],{"class":66},[52,159633,148166],{"class":155},[52,159635,1709],{"class":66},[52,159637,1565],{"class":110},[52,159639,84],{"class":66},[52,159641,2903],{"class":110},[52,159643,1718],{"class":66},[52,159645,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159647,149],{"class":148},[52,159649,152],{"class":66},[52,159651,734],{"class":646},[52,159653,152],{"class":66},[52,159655,148166],{"class":155},[52,159657,1709],{"class":66},[52,159659,1565],{"class":110},[52,159661,84],{"class":66},[52,159663,2903],{"class":110},[52,159665,3395],{"class":66},[52,159667,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,159669,149],{"class":148},[52,159671,152],{"class":66},[52,159673,2082],{"class":148},[52,159675,152],{"class":66},[52,159677,148166],{"class":155},[52,159679,742],{"class":66},[14,159681,11534],{},[227,159683,159684,159686,159689,159692],{},[230,159685,155380],{},[230,159687,159688],{},"what the slice actually returns",[230,159690,159691],{},"that the result is a tuple",[230,159693,159694],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[37,159696,2220],{"id":2219},[487,159698,159700],{"id":159699},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159702,159703],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[487,159705,159707],{"id":159706},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159709,159710],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[487,159712,5539,159714,40110],{"id":159713},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[49,159715,158533],{},[14,159717,159718],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[487,159720,159722,159723,2265],{"id":159721},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[49,159724,70890],{},[14,159726,159727,159728,35],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[49,159729,70890],{},[37,159731,2277],{"id":2276},[227,159733,159734,159738,159742,159746,159750],{},[230,159735,159736],{},[26,159737,156240],{"href":151127},[230,159739,159740],{},[26,159741,149821],{"href":153247},[230,159743,159744],{},[26,159745,151070],{"href":157404},[230,159747,159748],{},[26,159749,148148],{"href":157766},[230,159751,159752],{},[26,159753,154993],{"href":159258},[2315,159755,159756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":159758},[159759,159760,159761,159762,159770,159774,159775,159780,159781,159786,159787,159795],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":157566,"depth":70,"text":157567},{"id":157769,"depth":70,"text":157770},{"id":76174,"depth":70,"text":76175,"children":159763},[159764,159766,159767,159768,159769],{"id":157927,"depth":98,"text":159765},"Get the first n items",{"id":158006,"depth":98,"text":158007},{"id":158084,"depth":98,"text":158085},{"id":158166,"depth":98,"text":158167},{"id":158248,"depth":98,"text":158249},{"id":76468,"depth":70,"text":76469,"children":159771},[159772,159773],{"id":158343,"depth":98,"text":158344},{"id":158427,"depth":98,"text":158428},{"id":158516,"depth":70,"text":158517},{"id":158768,"depth":70,"text":158769,"children":159776},[159777,159778,159779],{"id":158777,"depth":98,"text":158778},{"id":158893,"depth":98,"text":158894},{"id":159001,"depth":98,"text":159002},{"id":159067,"depth":70,"text":159068},{"id":77301,"depth":70,"text":241,"children":159782},[159783,159784,159785],{"id":159284,"depth":98,"text":159285},{"id":159369,"depth":98,"text":159370},{"id":159466,"depth":98,"text":159467},{"id":113885,"depth":70,"text":113886},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":159788},[159789,159790,159791,159793],{"id":159699,"depth":98,"text":159700},{"id":159706,"depth":98,"text":159707},{"id":159713,"depth":98,"text":159792},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159721,"depth":98,"text":159794},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157410,"description":159796},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159803,"title":159804,"body":159805,"description":161628,"extension":2357,"meta":161629,"navigation":141,"path":34953,"seo":161630,"stem":161631,"__hash__":161632},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159806,"toc":161594},[159807,159812,159817,159821,159839,159842,159857,159863,159865,159922,159924,159956,159968,159974,159979,159982,160017,160023,160025,160028,160042,160045,160047,160070,160072,160090,160093,160109,160111,160114,160227,160229,160318,160321,160326,160332,160335,160338,160437,160439,160498,160503,160506,160575,160579,160611,160627,160632,160639,160646,160658,160660,160709,160711,160734,160740,160788,160793,160800,160808,160814,160817,160841,160844,160846,160922,160924,160949,160955,160958,160963,160967,160981,160983,161046,161048,161080,161083,161099,161101,161107,161114,161116,161135,161137,161155,161162,161167,161174,161176,161213,161216,161223,161227,161230,161288,161291,161294,161349,161351,161363,161369,161371,161375,161408,161415,161417,161480,161483,161485,161490,161504,161511,161519,161528,161537,161543,161549,161551,161591],[10,159808,3969,159810,3973],{"id":159809},"python-type-function-explained",[49,159811,2699],{},[14,159813,32460,159814,159816],{},[49,159815,2699],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159818,62925,159819,104730],{},[49,159820,2699],{},[227,159822,159823,159826,159829,159832],{},[230,159824,159825],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[230,159827,159828],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[230,159830,159831],{},"debug confusing code",[230,159833,159834,159835],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[26,159836,159837],{"href":8614},[49,159838,3355],{},[14,159840,159841],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[42,159843,159845],{"className":44,"code":159844,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"type(object)\n",[49,159846,159847],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159848,159849,159851,159853,159855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159850,734],{"class":646},[52,159852,152],{"class":66},[52,159854,42550],{"class":646},[52,159856,159],{"class":66},[14,159858,159859,159860,159862],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[49,159861,2699],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[37,159864,4002],{"id":4001},[42,159866,159868],{"className":44,"code":159867,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[49,159869,159870,159882,159896,159900,159908],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159871,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159873,8271],{"class":58},[52,159875,63],{"class":62},[52,159877,87],{"class":73},[52,159879,5401],{"class":77},[52,159881,297],{"class":73},[52,159883,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159885,149],{"class":148},[52,159887,152],{"class":66},[52,159889,734],{"class":646},[52,159891,152],{"class":66},[52,159893,78],{"class":155},[52,159895,742],{"class":66},[52,159897,159898],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,159899,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,159901,159902,159904,159906],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,159903,2613],{"class":58},[52,159905,63],{"class":62},[52,159907,2986],{"class":110},[52,159909,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,159911,149],{"class":148},[52,159913,152],{"class":66},[52,159915,734],{"class":646},[52,159917,152],{"class":66},[52,159919,2636],{"class":155},[52,159921,742],{"class":66},[14,159923,164],{},[42,159925,159926],{"className":44,"code":125233,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,159927,159928,159942],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,159929,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159931,771],{"class":62},[52,159933,775],{"class":774},[52,159935,186],{"class":73},[52,159937,3836],{"class":77},[52,159939,177],{"class":73},[52,159941,785],{"class":62},[52,159943,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,159945,771],{"class":62},[52,159947,775],{"class":774},[52,159949,186],{"class":73},[52,159951,2585],{"class":77},[52,159953,177],{"class":73},[52,159955,785],{"class":62},[14,159957,340,159958,159961,159962,2262,159965,35],{},[49,159959,159960],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[49,159963,159964],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[49,159966,159967],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[37,159969,13352,159971,159973],{"id":159970},"what-the-type-function-does",[49,159972,2699],{}," function does",[14,159975,159976,159978],{},[49,159977,2699],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159980,159981],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[227,159983,159984,159989,159994,159999,160004,160009],{},[230,159985,159986,159988],{},[49,159987,3836],{}," for text",[230,159990,159991,159993],{},[49,159992,2585],{}," for whole numbers",[230,159995,159996,159998],{},[49,159997,2588],{}," for decimal numbers",[230,160000,160001,160003],{},[49,160002,8488],{}," for lists",[230,160005,160006,160008],{},[49,160007,780],{}," for dictionaries",[230,160010,160011,69254,160013,2262,160015],{},[49,160012,4263],{},[49,160014,862],{},[49,160016,4069],{},[14,160018,160019,160020,160022],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[49,160021,2699],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[37,160024,2553],{"id":2552},[14,160026,160027],{},"The main beginner form is:",[42,160029,160030],{"className":44,"code":159844,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,160031,160032],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160033,160034,160036,160038,160040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160035,734],{"class":646},[52,160037,152],{"class":66},[52,160039,42550],{"class":646},[52,160041,159],{"class":66},[14,160043,160044],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,160046,511],{},[42,160048,160050],{"className":44,"code":160049,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[49,160051,160052],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160053,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066,160068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160055,149],{"class":148},[52,160057,152],{"class":66},[52,160059,734],{"class":646},[52,160061,152],{"class":66},[52,160063,81],{"class":73},[52,160065,4241],{"class":77},[52,160067,81],{"class":73},[52,160069,742],{"class":66},[14,160071,164],{},[42,160073,160074],{"className":44,"code":45923,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,160075,160076],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160077,160078,160080,160082,160084,160086,160088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160079,771],{"class":62},[52,160081,775],{"class":774},[52,160083,186],{"class":73},[52,160085,3836],{"class":77},[52,160087,177],{"class":73},[52,160089,785],{"class":62},[14,160091,160092],{},"You can pass either:",[227,160094,160095,160102],{},[230,160096,160097,160098,30,160100],{},"a literal value such as ",[49,160099,64693],{},[49,160101,46679],{},[230,160103,160104,160105,30,160107],{},"a variable such as ",[49,160106,78],{},[49,160108,103],{},[37,160110,122045],{"id":122044},[14,160112,160113],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[42,160115,160117],{"className":44,"code":160116,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[49,160118,160119,160137,160151,160165,160187,160213],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160120,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160122,149],{"class":148},[52,160124,152],{"class":66},[52,160126,734],{"class":646},[52,160128,152],{"class":66},[52,160130,81],{"class":73},[52,160132,4241],{"class":77},[52,160134,81],{"class":73},[52,160136,742],{"class":66},[52,160138,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160140,149],{"class":148},[52,160142,152],{"class":66},[52,160144,734],{"class":646},[52,160146,152],{"class":66},[52,160148,2728],{"class":110},[52,160150,742],{"class":66},[52,160152,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160154,149],{"class":148},[52,160156,152],{"class":66},[52,160158,734],{"class":646},[52,160160,152],{"class":66},[52,160162,40293],{"class":110},[52,160164,742],{"class":66},[52,160166,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160168,149],{"class":148},[52,160170,152],{"class":66},[52,160172,734],{"class":646},[52,160174,2152],{"class":66},[52,160176,1565],{"class":110},[52,160178,193],{"class":66},[52,160180,1570],{"class":110},[52,160182,193],{"class":66},[52,160184,2850],{"class":110},[52,160186,3395],{"class":66},[52,160188,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,160190,149],{"class":148},[52,160192,152],{"class":66},[52,160194,734],{"class":646},[52,160196,5927],{"class":66},[52,160198,81],{"class":73},[52,160200,78],{"class":77},[52,160202,81],{"class":73},[52,160204,84],{"class":66},[52,160206,87],{"class":73},[52,160208,5401],{"class":77},[52,160210,81],{"class":73},[52,160212,5936],{"class":66},[52,160214,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160216,149],{"class":148},[52,160218,152],{"class":66},[52,160220,734],{"class":646},[52,160222,152],{"class":66},[52,160224,862],{"class":128},[52,160226,742],{"class":66},[14,160228,164],{},[42,160230,160232],{"className":44,"code":160231,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[49,160233,160234,160248,160262,160276,160290,160304],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160235,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160237,771],{"class":62},[52,160239,775],{"class":774},[52,160241,186],{"class":73},[52,160243,3836],{"class":77},[52,160245,177],{"class":73},[52,160247,785],{"class":62},[52,160249,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258,160260],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160251,771],{"class":62},[52,160253,775],{"class":774},[52,160255,186],{"class":73},[52,160257,2585],{"class":77},[52,160259,177],{"class":73},[52,160261,785],{"class":62},[52,160263,160264,160266,160268,160270,160272,160274],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160265,771],{"class":62},[52,160267,775],{"class":774},[52,160269,186],{"class":73},[52,160271,2588],{"class":77},[52,160273,177],{"class":73},[52,160275,785],{"class":62},[52,160277,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160279,771],{"class":62},[52,160281,775],{"class":774},[52,160283,186],{"class":73},[52,160285,8488],{"class":77},[52,160287,177],{"class":73},[52,160289,785],{"class":62},[52,160291,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,160293,771],{"class":62},[52,160295,775],{"class":774},[52,160297,186],{"class":73},[52,160299,780],{"class":77},[52,160301,177],{"class":73},[52,160303,785],{"class":62},[52,160305,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160307,771],{"class":62},[52,160309,775],{"class":774},[52,160311,186],{"class":73},[52,160313,4263],{"class":77},[52,160315,177],{"class":73},[52,160317,785],{"class":62},[14,160319,160320],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160322,160323,160324,35],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[26,160325,44950],{"href":49132},[37,160327,8813,160329,160331],{"id":160328},"using-type-with-variables",[49,160330,2699],{}," with variables",[14,160333,160334],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160336,160337],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[42,160339,160341],{"className":44,"code":160340,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[49,160342,160343,160351,160369,160373,160385,160403,160407,160419],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160344,160345,160347,160349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160346,2845],{"class":58},[52,160348,63],{"class":62},[52,160350,2986],{"class":110},[52,160352,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363,160365,160367],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160354,149],{"class":148},[52,160356,152],{"class":66},[52,160358,263],{"class":155},[52,160360,193],{"class":66},[52,160362,49544],{"class":646},[52,160364,152],{"class":66},[52,160366,263],{"class":155},[52,160368,742],{"class":66},[52,160370,160371],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160372,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160376,2845],{"class":58},[52,160378,63],{"class":62},[52,160380,87],{"class":73},[52,160382,46060],{"class":77},[52,160384,297],{"class":73},[52,160386,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397,160399,160401],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,160388,149],{"class":148},[52,160390,152],{"class":66},[52,160392,263],{"class":155},[52,160394,193],{"class":66},[52,160396,49544],{"class":646},[52,160398,152],{"class":66},[52,160400,263],{"class":155},[52,160402,742],{"class":66},[52,160404,160405],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,160406,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,160408,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,160410,2845],{"class":58},[52,160412,63],{"class":62},[52,160414,4017],{"class":66},[52,160416,2728],{"class":110},[52,160418,4030],{"class":66},[52,160420,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435],{"class":54,"line":6823},[52,160422,149],{"class":148},[52,160424,152],{"class":66},[52,160426,263],{"class":155},[52,160428,193],{"class":66},[52,160430,49544],{"class":646},[52,160432,152],{"class":66},[52,160434,263],{"class":155},[52,160436,742],{"class":66},[14,160438,164],{},[42,160440,160442],{"className":44,"code":160441,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[49,160443,160444,160461,160478],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160445,160446,160448,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160447,2728],{"class":110},[52,160449,160450],{"class":62}," \u003C",[52,160452,775],{"class":774},[52,160454,186],{"class":73},[52,160456,2585],{"class":77},[52,160458,177],{"class":73},[52,160460,785],{"class":62},[52,160462,160463,160466,160468,160470,160472,160474,160476],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160464,160465],{"class":58},"ten ",[52,160467,771],{"class":62},[52,160469,775],{"class":774},[52,160471,186],{"class":73},[52,160473,3836],{"class":77},[52,160475,177],{"class":73},[52,160477,785],{"class":62},[52,160479,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488,160490,160492,160494,160496],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160481,1709],{"class":66},[52,160483,2728],{"class":110},[52,160485,13629],{"class":66},[52,160487,160450],{"class":62},[52,160489,775],{"class":774},[52,160491,186],{"class":73},[52,160493,8488],{"class":77},[52,160495,177],{"class":73},[52,160497,785],{"class":62},[14,160499,160500,160502],{},[49,160501,2699],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160504,160505],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[42,160507,160509],{"className":44,"code":160508,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[49,160510,160511,160529,160543,160547,160561],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160512,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160514,3784],{"class":58},[52,160516,63],{"class":62},[52,160518,8637],{"class":148},[52,160520,152],{"class":66},[52,160522,81],{"class":73},[52,160524,42022],{"class":77},[52,160526,81],{"class":73},[52,160528,159],{"class":66},[52,160530,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160532,149],{"class":148},[52,160534,152],{"class":66},[52,160536,734],{"class":646},[52,160538,152],{"class":66},[52,160540,3810],{"class":155},[52,160542,742],{"class":66},[52,160544,160545],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160546,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,160548,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160550,123157],{"class":58},[52,160552,63],{"class":62},[52,160554,45429],{"class":646},[52,160556,152],{"class":66},[52,160558,3810],{"class":155},[52,160560,159],{"class":66},[52,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,160564,149],{"class":148},[52,160566,152],{"class":66},[52,160568,734],{"class":646},[52,160570,152],{"class":66},[52,160572,123180],{"class":155},[52,160574,742],{"class":66},[14,160576,41271,160577,41275],{},[49,160578,987],{},[42,160580,160581],{"className":44,"code":125233,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,160582,160583,160597],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160584,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160586,771],{"class":62},[52,160588,775],{"class":774},[52,160590,186],{"class":73},[52,160592,3836],{"class":77},[52,160594,177],{"class":73},[52,160596,785],{"class":62},[52,160598,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607,160609],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160600,771],{"class":62},[52,160602,775],{"class":774},[52,160604,186],{"class":73},[52,160606,2585],{"class":77},[52,160608,177],{"class":73},[52,160610,785],{"class":62},[14,160612,45856,160613,160617,160618,30,160622,160626],{},[26,160614,160615],{"href":8614},[49,160616,3355],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[26,160619,160620],{"href":3273},[49,160621,3276],{},[26,160623,160624],{"href":3279},[49,160625,3282],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160628,160629,160630,35],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[26,160631,9377],{"href":9376},[37,160633,160635,10954,160637],{"id":160634},"type-vs-isinstance",[49,160636,2699],{},[49,160638,44958],{},[14,160640,160641,2262,160643,160645],{},[49,160642,2699],{},[49,160644,44958],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[227,160647,160648,160653],{},[230,160649,160650,160652],{},[49,160651,2699],{}," tells you the exact type",[230,160654,160655,160657],{},[49,160656,44958],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160659,511],{},[42,160661,160663],{"className":44,"code":160662,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[49,160664,160665,160673,160677,160691],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160666,160667,160669,160671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160668,2845],{"class":58},[52,160670,63],{"class":62},[52,160672,34987],{"class":110},[52,160674,160675],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160676,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,160678,160679,160681,160683,160685,160687,160689],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160680,149],{"class":148},[52,160682,152],{"class":66},[52,160684,734],{"class":646},[52,160686,152],{"class":66},[52,160688,263],{"class":155},[52,160690,742],{"class":66},[52,160692,160693,160695,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160694,149],{"class":148},[52,160696,152],{"class":66},[52,160698,49029],{"class":148},[52,160700,152],{"class":66},[52,160702,263],{"class":155},[52,160704,193],{"class":66},[52,160706,45429],{"class":646},[52,160708,742],{"class":66},[14,160710,164],{},[42,160712,160714],{"className":44,"code":160713,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[49,160715,160716,160730],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160717,160718,160720,160722,160724,160726,160728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160719,771],{"class":62},[52,160721,775],{"class":774},[52,160723,186],{"class":73},[52,160725,2585],{"class":77},[52,160727,177],{"class":73},[52,160729,785],{"class":62},[52,160731,160732],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160733,4374],{"class":128},[14,160735,160736,160737,160739],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[49,160738,44958],{}," is more practical.",[42,160741,160743],{"className":44,"code":160742,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[49,160744,160745,160753,160757,160773],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160746,160747,160749,160751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160748,2845],{"class":58},[52,160750,63],{"class":62},[52,160752,34987],{"class":110},[52,160754,160755],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160756,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,160758,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769,160771],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160760,7395],{"class":4272},[52,160762,49767],{"class":148},[52,160764,152],{"class":66},[52,160766,263],{"class":155},[52,160768,193],{"class":66},[52,160770,45429],{"class":646},[52,160772,8737],{"class":66},[52,160774,160775,160777,160779,160781,160784,160786],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160776,8463],{"class":148},[52,160778,152],{"class":66},[52,160780,81],{"class":73},[52,160782,160783],{"class":77},"This is an integer",[52,160785,81],{"class":73},[52,160787,159],{"class":66},[14,160789,340,160790,160792],{},[49,160791,2699],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160794,340,160795,160797,160798,7570],{},[49,160796,44958],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[49,160799,7395],{},[14,160801,160802,160803,35],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[26,160804,3969,160806,3902],{"href":160805},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[49,160807,44958],{},[37,160809,160811,160812],{"id":160810},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[49,160813,2699],{},[14,160815,160816],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[42,160818,160820],{"className":44,"code":160819,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[49,160821,160822],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160823,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832,160835,160837,160839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160825,734],{"class":646},[52,160827,152],{"class":66},[52,160829,78],{"class":155},[52,160831,193],{"class":66},[52,160833,160834],{"class":155}," bases",[52,160836,193],{"class":66},[52,160838,647],{"class":646},[52,160840,159],{"class":66},[14,160842,160843],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160845,511],{},[42,160847,160849],{"className":44,"code":160848,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[49,160850,160851,160894,160898,160908],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160852,160853,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864,160867,160869,160871,160874,160876,160878,160881,160883,160885,160887,160890,160892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160854,160855],{"class":58},"Person ",[52,160857,63],{"class":62},[52,160859,49544],{"class":646},[52,160861,152],{"class":66},[52,160863,81],{"class":73},[52,160865,160866],{"class":77},"Person",[52,160868,81],{"class":73},[52,160870,193],{"class":66},[52,160872,160873],{"class":66}," (),",[52,160875,1799],{"class":66},[52,160877,81],{"class":73},[52,160879,160880],{"class":77},"species",[52,160882,81],{"class":73},[52,160884,84],{"class":66},[52,160886,87],{"class":73},[52,160888,160889],{"class":77},"human",[52,160891,81],{"class":73},[52,160893,30638],{"class":66},[52,160895,160896],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160897,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,160899,160900,160902,160904,160906],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,160901,149],{"class":148},[52,160903,152],{"class":66},[52,160905,160866],{"class":155},[52,160907,159],{"class":66},[52,160909,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918,160920],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,160911,149],{"class":148},[52,160913,152],{"class":66},[52,160915,160866],{"class":155},[52,160917,35],{"class":66},[52,160919,160880],{"class":24889},[52,160921,159],{"class":66},[14,160923,164],{},[42,160925,160927],{"className":44,"code":160926,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[49,160928,160929,160944],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160930,160931,160933,160935,160937,160940,160942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160932,771],{"class":62},[52,160934,775],{"class":774},[52,160936,186],{"class":73},[52,160938,160939],{"class":77},"__main__.Person",[52,160941,177],{"class":73},[52,160943,785],{"class":62},[52,160945,160946],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,160947,160948],{"class":58},"human\n",[14,160950,160951,160952,160954],{},"Most beginners do ",[18,160953,1006],{}," need this form.",[14,160956,160957],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[37,160959,5358,160961],{"id":160960},"when-to-use-type",[49,160962,2699],{},[14,160964,160965,12802],{},[49,160966,2699],{},[227,160968,160969,160972,160975,160978],{},[230,160970,160971],{},"debug unexpected values",[230,160973,160974],{},"check what a conversion produced",[230,160976,160977],{},"learn Python data types",[230,160979,160980],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160982,5869],{},[42,160984,160986],{"className":44,"code":160985,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[49,160987,160988,161000,161014,161018,161032],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,160989,160990,160992,160994,160996,160998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160991,34832],{"class":58},[52,160993,63],{"class":62},[52,160995,87],{"class":73},[52,160997,50400],{"class":77},[52,160999,297],{"class":73},[52,161001,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161003,2613],{"class":58},[52,161005,63],{"class":62},[52,161007,45429],{"class":646},[52,161009,152],{"class":66},[52,161011,34853],{"class":155},[52,161013,159],{"class":66},[52,161015,161016],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161017,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,161019,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,161021,149],{"class":148},[52,161023,152],{"class":66},[52,161025,734],{"class":646},[52,161027,152],{"class":66},[52,161029,34853],{"class":155},[52,161031,742],{"class":66},[52,161033,161034,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,161035,149],{"class":148},[52,161037,152],{"class":66},[52,161039,734],{"class":646},[52,161041,152],{"class":66},[52,161043,2636],{"class":155},[52,161045,742],{"class":66},[14,161047,164],{},[42,161049,161050],{"className":44,"code":125233,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,161051,161052,161066],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161053,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161055,771],{"class":62},[52,161057,775],{"class":774},[52,161059,186],{"class":73},[52,161061,3836],{"class":77},[52,161063,177],{"class":73},[52,161065,785],{"class":62},[52,161067,161068,161070,161072,161074,161076,161078],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161069,771],{"class":62},[52,161071,775],{"class":774},[52,161073,186],{"class":73},[52,161075,2585],{"class":77},[52,161077,177],{"class":73},[52,161079,785],{"class":62},[14,161081,161082],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,161084,161085,161086,2203,161090,2210,161094,161098],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[26,161087,161088],{"href":42326},[49,161089,47837],{},[26,161091,161092],{"href":3273},[49,161093,3276],{},[26,161095,161096],{"href":3279},[49,161097,3282],{}," are often the next step.",[37,161100,25497],{"id":25496},[14,161102,161103,161104,161106],{},"A few things about ",[49,161105,2699],{}," often confuse beginners.",[487,161108,161110,161113],{"id":161109},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[49,161111,161112],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161115,64802],{},[42,161117,161119],{"className":44,"code":161118,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(5))\n",[49,161120,161121],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161122,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161124,149],{"class":148},[52,161126,152],{"class":66},[52,161128,734],{"class":646},[52,161130,152],{"class":66},[52,161132,2531],{"class":110},[52,161134,742],{"class":66},[14,161136,123076],{},[42,161138,161139],{"className":44,"code":156588,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,161140,161141],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161142,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161144,771],{"class":62},[52,161146,775],{"class":774},[52,161148,186],{"class":73},[52,161150,2585],{"class":77},[52,161152,177],{"class":73},[52,161154,785],{"class":62},[14,161156,41056,161157,161159,161160,35],{},[18,161158,1006],{}," print just ",[49,161161,2585],{},[14,161163,7075,161164,161166],{},[49,161165,2699],{}," returns a class object.",[487,161168,161170,2795,161172],{"id":161169},"input-returns-str",[49,161171,3355],{},[49,161173,3836],{},[14,161175,79701],{},[42,161177,161179],{"className":44,"code":161178,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[49,161180,161181,161199],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161182,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161184,2845],{"class":58},[52,161186,63],{"class":62},[52,161188,8637],{"class":148},[52,161190,152],{"class":66},[52,161192,81],{"class":73},[52,161194,46463],{"class":77},[52,161196,81],{"class":73},[52,161198,159],{"class":66},[52,161200,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161202,149],{"class":148},[52,161204,152],{"class":66},[52,161206,734],{"class":646},[52,161208,152],{"class":66},[52,161210,263],{"class":155},[52,161212,742],{"class":66},[14,161214,161215],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161217,161218,161219,30,161221,35],{},"If you need a number, use ",[49,161220,3276],{},[49,161222,3282],{},[487,161224,161226],{"id":161225},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161228,161229],{},"Avoid code like this:",[42,161231,161233],{"className":44,"code":161232,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[49,161234,161235,161243,161247,161273],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161236,161237,161239,161241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161238,2845],{"class":58},[52,161240,63],{"class":62},[52,161242,34987],{"class":110},[52,161244,161245],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161246,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,161248,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161250,7395],{"class":4272},[52,161252,49058],{"class":646},[52,161254,152],{"class":66},[52,161256,734],{"class":646},[52,161258,152],{"class":66},[52,161260,263],{"class":155},[52,161262,5758],{"class":66},[52,161264,6807],{"class":62},[52,161266,87],{"class":73},[52,161268,159967],{"class":77},[52,161270,81],{"class":73},[52,161272,6792],{"class":66},[52,161274,161275,161277,161279,161281,161284,161286],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,161276,8463],{"class":148},[52,161278,152],{"class":66},[52,161280,81],{"class":73},[52,161282,161283],{"class":77},"It is an int",[52,161285,81],{"class":73},[52,161287,159],{"class":66},[14,161289,161290],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161292,161293],{},"Better options:",[42,161295,161297],{"className":44,"code":161296,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[49,161298,161299,161307,161311,161331],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161300,161301,161303,161305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161302,2845],{"class":58},[52,161304,63],{"class":62},[52,161306,34987],{"class":110},[52,161308,161309],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161310,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,161312,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161314,149],{"class":148},[52,161316,152],{"class":66},[52,161318,734],{"class":646},[52,161320,152],{"class":66},[52,161322,263],{"class":155},[52,161324,4056],{"class":66},[52,161326,6807],{"class":62},[52,161328,45429],{"class":646},[52,161330,159],{"class":66},[52,161332,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,161334,149],{"class":148},[52,161336,152],{"class":66},[52,161338,49029],{"class":148},[52,161340,152],{"class":66},[52,161342,263],{"class":155},[52,161344,193],{"class":66},[52,161346,45429],{"class":646},[52,161348,742],{"class":66},[14,161350,164],{},[42,161352,161353],{"className":44,"code":4901,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,161354,161355,161359],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161356,161357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161358,4374],{"class":128},[52,161360,161361],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161362,4374],{"class":128},[14,161364,161365,161366,161368],{},"In most real code, ",[49,161367,44958],{}," is the more useful check.",[37,161370,1743],{"id":1742},[14,161372,15088,161373,84],{},[49,161374,2699],{},[227,161376,161377,161387,161396,161405],{},[230,161378,8813,161379,161381,161382,161386],{},[49,161380,2699],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[26,161383,161384],{"href":8614},[49,161385,3355],{}," always returns a string",[230,161388,8849,161389,161391,161392,11456,161394],{},[49,161390,2699],{}," to return plain text like ",[49,161393,2585],{},[49,161395,159967],{},[230,161397,8813,161398,44782,161401,161404],{},[49,161399,161400],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[49,161402,161403],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[230,161406,161407],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161409,161410,161411,35],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[26,161412,161414],{"href":161413},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161416,144742],{},[42,161418,161420],{"className":44,"code":161419,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[49,161421,161422,161436,161446,161460,161470],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161423,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161425,149],{"class":148},[52,161427,152],{"class":66},[52,161429,734],{"class":646},[52,161431,152],{"class":66},[52,161433,263],{"class":155},[52,161435,742],{"class":66},[52,161437,161438,161440,161442,161444],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161439,149],{"class":148},[52,161441,152],{"class":66},[52,161443,263],{"class":155},[52,161445,159],{"class":66},[52,161447,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161449,149],{"class":148},[52,161451,152],{"class":66},[52,161453,41930],{"class":148},[52,161455,152],{"class":66},[52,161457,263],{"class":155},[52,161459,742],{"class":66},[52,161461,161462,161464,161466,161468],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,161463,32295],{"class":148},[52,161465,152],{"class":66},[52,161467,734],{"class":646},[52,161469,159],{"class":66},[52,161471,161472,161474,161476,161478],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,161473,34516],{"class":148},[52,161475,152],{"class":66},[52,161477,263],{"class":155},[52,161479,159],{"class":66},[14,161481,161482],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[37,161484,2220],{"id":2219},[487,161486,5539,161488,5542],{"id":161487},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[49,161489,2699],{},[14,161491,161492,161493,2203,161495,2203,161497,2589,161499,161501,161502,35],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[49,161494,3836],{},[49,161496,2585],{},[49,161498,8488],{},[49,161500,780],{},", shown as a class object like ",[49,161503,159964],{},[487,161505,15257,161507,57362,161509,2265],{"id":161506},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[49,161508,2699],{},[49,161510,44958],{},[14,161512,46518,161513,161515,161516,161518],{},[49,161514,2699],{}," shows the exact type. ",[49,161517,44958],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[487,161520,5555,161522,161525,161526,2265],{"id":161521},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[49,161523,161524],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[49,161527,3836],{},[14,161529,29202,161530,161532,161533,30,161535,160626],{},[49,161531,3355],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[49,161534,3276],{},[49,161536,3282],{},[487,161538,5567,161540,161542],{"id":161539},"can-type-create-classes",[49,161541,2699],{}," create classes?",[14,161544,161545,161546,35],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[49,161547,161548],{},"type(object)",[37,161550,2277],{"id":2276},[227,161552,161553,161557,161563,161569,161573,161579,161585],{},[230,161554,161555],{},[26,161556,44950],{"href":49132},[230,161558,161559],{},[26,161560,3969,161561,3902],{"href":160805},[49,161562,44958],{},[230,161564,161565],{},[26,161566,3969,161567,3902],{"href":8614},[49,161568,3355],{},[230,161570,161571],{},[26,161572,9454],{"href":9376},[230,161574,161575],{},[26,161576,3969,161577,3902],{"href":3273},[49,161578,3276],{},[230,161580,161581],{},[26,161582,3969,161583,3902],{"href":3279},[49,161584,3282],{},[230,161586,161587],{},[26,161588,3969,161589,3902],{"href":42326},[49,161590,47837],{},[2315,161592,161593],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":161595},[161596,161597,161599,161600,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161616,161617,161627],{"id":4001,"depth":70,"text":4002},{"id":159970,"depth":70,"text":161598},"What the type() function does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":122044,"depth":70,"text":122045},{"id":160328,"depth":70,"text":161602},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160634,"depth":70,"text":161604},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160810,"depth":70,"text":161606},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160960,"depth":70,"text":161608},"When to use type()",{"id":25496,"depth":70,"text":25497,"children":161610},[161611,161613,161615],{"id":161109,"depth":98,"text":161612},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161169,"depth":98,"text":161614},"input() returns str",{"id":161225,"depth":98,"text":161226},{"id":1742,"depth":70,"text":1743},{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":161618},[161619,161621,161623,161625],{"id":161487,"depth":98,"text":161620},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161506,"depth":98,"text":161622},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161521,"depth":98,"text":161624},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161539,"depth":98,"text":161626},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159804,"description":161628},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161634,"title":161635,"body":161636,"description":164115,"extension":2357,"meta":164116,"navigation":141,"path":164117,"seo":164118,"stem":164119,"__hash__":164120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161637,"toc":164072},[161638,161643,161648,161657,161659,161759,161761,161786,161791,161796,161812,161815,161817,161819,161844,161847,161850,161933,161935,161984,161987,162109,162111,162184,162188,162191,162305,162307,162333,162335,162356,162361,162365,162370,162373,162477,162479,162496,162505,162508,162595,162597,162608,162613,162619,162624,162630,162633,162726,162728,162777,162783,162786,162887,162889,162942,162947,162951,162954,163053,163055,163094,163097,163102,163104,163109,163113,163226,163230,163327,163331,163419,163421,163438,163442,163565,163571,163577,163583,163588,163591,163618,163622,163624,163718,163721,163725,163728,163815,163818,163853,163855,163892,163895,163903,163908,163913,163987,163994,163996,164001,164004,164010,164013,164019,164024,164030,164035,164039,164042,164044,164069],[10,161639,3969,161641,3973],{"id":161640},"python-zip-function-explained",[49,161642,64478],{},[14,161644,161645,161647],{},[49,161646,64478],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161649,161650,161651,161653,161654,161656],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[49,161652,64478],{}," inside a ",[49,161655,6356],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[37,161658,40],{"id":39},[42,161660,161662],{"className":44,"code":161661,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[49,161663,161664,161696,161716,161720,161745],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161665,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161667,5392],{"class":58},[52,161669,63],{"class":62},[52,161671,4017],{"class":66},[52,161673,81],{"class":73},[52,161675,90],{"class":77},[52,161677,81],{"class":73},[52,161679,193],{"class":66},[52,161681,87],{"class":73},[52,161683,36087],{"class":77},[52,161685,81],{"class":73},[52,161687,193],{"class":66},[52,161689,87],{"class":73},[52,161691,36096],{"class":77},[52,161693,81],{"class":73},[52,161695,4030],{"class":66},[52,161697,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161699,1441],{"class":58},[52,161701,63],{"class":62},[52,161703,4017],{"class":66},[52,161705,13858],{"class":110},[52,161707,193],{"class":66},[52,161709,13863],{"class":110},[52,161711,193],{"class":66},[52,161713,29061],{"class":110},[52,161715,4030],{"class":66},[52,161717,161718],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161719,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,161721,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,161723,6356],{"class":4272},[52,161725,36138],{"class":58},[52,161727,193],{"class":66},[52,161729,5502],{"class":58},[52,161731,4279],{"class":4272},[52,161733,161734],{"class":148}," zip",[52,161736,152],{"class":66},[52,161738,5436],{"class":155},[52,161740,193],{"class":66},[52,161742,5507],{"class":155},[52,161744,8737],{"class":66},[52,161746,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,161748,8463],{"class":148},[52,161750,152],{"class":66},[52,161752,78],{"class":155},[52,161754,193],{"class":66},[52,161756,131022],{"class":155},[52,161758,159],{"class":66},[14,161760,164],{},[42,161762,161764],{"className":44,"code":161763,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[49,161765,161766,161772,161779],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161767,161768,161770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161769,134041],{"class":58},[52,161771,33279],{"class":110},[52,161773,161774,161777],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161775,161776],{"class":58},"Ben ",[52,161778,33284],{"class":110},[52,161780,161781,161784],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161782,161783],{"class":58},"Cara ",[52,161785,33289],{"class":110},[14,161787,340,161788,161790],{},[49,161789,64478],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[37,161792,4073,161794,4076],{"id":161793},"what-zip-does",[49,161795,64478],{},[227,161797,161798,161803,161806,161809],{},[230,161799,161800,161802],{},[49,161801,64478],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[230,161804,161805],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[230,161807,161808],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[230,161810,161811],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161813,161814],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[37,161816,2553],{"id":2552},[14,161818,7615],{},[42,161820,161822],{"className":44,"code":161821,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[49,161823,161824],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161825,161826,161828,161830,161833,161835,161838,161840,161842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161827,64548],{"class":148},[52,161829,152],{"class":66},[52,161831,161832],{"class":155},"iterable1",[52,161834,193],{"class":66},[52,161836,161837],{"class":155}," iterable2",[52,161839,193],{"class":66},[52,161841,34598],{"class":148},[52,161843,159],{"class":66},[14,161845,161846],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161848,161849],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[42,161851,161853],{"className":44,"code":161852,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[49,161854,161855,161875,161907,161911],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161856,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161858,4012],{"class":58},[52,161860,63],{"class":62},[52,161862,4017],{"class":66},[52,161864,1565],{"class":110},[52,161866,193],{"class":66},[52,161868,1570],{"class":110},[52,161870,193],{"class":66},[52,161872,2850],{"class":110},[52,161874,4030],{"class":66},[52,161876,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,161878,36237],{"class":58},[52,161880,63],{"class":62},[52,161882,4017],{"class":66},[52,161884,81],{"class":73},[52,161886,26],{"class":77},[52,161888,81],{"class":73},[52,161890,193],{"class":66},[52,161892,87],{"class":73},[52,161894,5157],{"class":77},[52,161896,81],{"class":73},[52,161898,193],{"class":66},[52,161900,87],{"class":73},[52,161902,10111],{"class":77},[52,161904,81],{"class":73},[52,161906,4030],{"class":66},[52,161908,161909],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,161910,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,161912,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,161914,149],{"class":148},[52,161916,152],{"class":66},[52,161918,8488],{"class":646},[52,161920,152],{"class":66},[52,161922,64548],{"class":148},[52,161924,152],{"class":66},[52,161926,1578],{"class":155},[52,161928,193],{"class":66},[52,161930,70255],{"class":155},[52,161932,1291],{"class":66},[14,161934,164],{},[42,161936,161938],{"className":44,"code":161937,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[49,161939,161940],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161941,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161943,21878],{"class":66},[52,161945,1565],{"class":110},[52,161947,193],{"class":66},[52,161949,186],{"class":73},[52,161951,26],{"class":77},[52,161953,177],{"class":73},[52,161955,1115],{"class":66},[52,161957,1118],{"class":66},[52,161959,2451],{"class":110},[52,161961,193],{"class":66},[52,161963,186],{"class":73},[52,161965,5157],{"class":77},[52,161967,177],{"class":73},[52,161969,1115],{"class":66},[52,161971,1118],{"class":66},[52,161973,2457],{"class":110},[52,161975,193],{"class":66},[52,161977,186],{"class":73},[52,161979,10111],{"class":77},[52,161981,177],{"class":73},[52,161983,1151],{"class":66},[14,161985,161986],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[42,161988,161990],{"className":44,"code":161989,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[49,161991,161992,162024,162044,162078,162082],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,161993,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161995,5392],{"class":58},[52,161997,63],{"class":62},[52,161999,4017],{"class":66},[52,162001,81],{"class":73},[52,162003,90],{"class":77},[52,162005,81],{"class":73},[52,162007,193],{"class":66},[52,162009,87],{"class":73},[52,162011,36087],{"class":77},[52,162013,81],{"class":73},[52,162015,193],{"class":66},[52,162017,87],{"class":73},[52,162019,36096],{"class":77},[52,162021,81],{"class":73},[52,162023,4030],{"class":66},[52,162025,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162027,1441],{"class":58},[52,162029,63],{"class":62},[52,162031,4017],{"class":66},[52,162033,13858],{"class":110},[52,162035,193],{"class":66},[52,162037,13863],{"class":110},[52,162039,193],{"class":66},[52,162041,29061],{"class":110},[52,162043,4030],{"class":66},[52,162045,162046,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162074,162076],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162047,162048],{"class":58},"grades ",[52,162050,63],{"class":62},[52,162052,4017],{"class":66},[52,162054,81],{"class":73},[52,162056,22383],{"class":77},[52,162058,81],{"class":73},[52,162060,193],{"class":66},[52,162062,87],{"class":73},[52,162064,30742],{"class":77},[52,162066,81],{"class":73},[52,162068,193],{"class":66},[52,162070,87],{"class":73},[52,162072,162073],{"class":77},"B+",[52,162075,81],{"class":73},[52,162077,4030],{"class":66},[52,162079,162080],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,162081,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,162083,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162107],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,162085,149],{"class":148},[52,162087,152],{"class":66},[52,162089,8488],{"class":646},[52,162091,152],{"class":66},[52,162093,64548],{"class":148},[52,162095,152],{"class":66},[52,162097,5436],{"class":155},[52,162099,193],{"class":66},[52,162101,5507],{"class":155},[52,162103,193],{"class":66},[52,162105,162106],{"class":155}," grades",[52,162108,1291],{"class":66},[14,162110,164],{},[42,162112,162114],{"className":44,"code":162113,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[49,162115,162116],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162117,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162119,21878],{"class":66},[52,162121,177],{"class":73},[52,162123,90],{"class":77},[52,162125,177],{"class":73},[52,162127,193],{"class":66},[52,162129,20035],{"class":110},[52,162131,193],{"class":66},[52,162133,186],{"class":73},[52,162135,22383],{"class":77},[52,162137,177],{"class":73},[52,162139,1115],{"class":66},[52,162141,1118],{"class":66},[52,162143,177],{"class":73},[52,162145,36087],{"class":77},[52,162147,177],{"class":73},[52,162149,193],{"class":66},[52,162151,13863],{"class":110},[52,162153,193],{"class":66},[52,162155,186],{"class":73},[52,162157,30742],{"class":77},[52,162159,177],{"class":73},[52,162161,1115],{"class":66},[52,162163,1118],{"class":66},[52,162165,177],{"class":73},[52,162167,36096],{"class":77},[52,162169,177],{"class":73},[52,162171,193],{"class":66},[52,162173,29061],{"class":110},[52,162175,193],{"class":66},[52,162177,186],{"class":73},[52,162179,162073],{"class":77},[52,162181,177],{"class":73},[52,162183,1151],{"class":66},[37,162185,162187],{"id":162186},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162189,162190],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[42,162192,162194],{"className":44,"code":162193,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[49,162195,162196,162228,162248,162252,162276],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162197,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162199,5392],{"class":58},[52,162201,63],{"class":62},[52,162203,4017],{"class":66},[52,162205,81],{"class":73},[52,162207,90],{"class":77},[52,162209,81],{"class":73},[52,162211,193],{"class":66},[52,162213,87],{"class":73},[52,162215,36087],{"class":77},[52,162217,81],{"class":73},[52,162219,193],{"class":66},[52,162221,87],{"class":73},[52,162223,36096],{"class":77},[52,162225,81],{"class":73},[52,162227,4030],{"class":66},[52,162229,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162231,1441],{"class":58},[52,162233,63],{"class":62},[52,162235,4017],{"class":66},[52,162237,13858],{"class":110},[52,162239,193],{"class":66},[52,162241,13863],{"class":110},[52,162243,193],{"class":66},[52,162245,29061],{"class":110},[52,162247,4030],{"class":66},[52,162249,162250],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162251,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,162253,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,162255,6356],{"class":4272},[52,162257,36138],{"class":58},[52,162259,193],{"class":66},[52,162261,5502],{"class":58},[52,162263,4279],{"class":4272},[52,162265,161734],{"class":148},[52,162267,152],{"class":66},[52,162269,5436],{"class":155},[52,162271,193],{"class":66},[52,162273,5507],{"class":155},[52,162275,8737],{"class":66},[52,162277,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,162279,8463],{"class":148},[52,162281,152],{"class":66},[52,162283,22432],{"class":774},[52,162285,81],{"class":77},[52,162287,174],{"class":110},[52,162289,78],{"class":155},[52,162291,22441],{"class":110},[52,162293,162294],{"class":77}," scored ",[52,162296,174],{"class":110},[52,162298,85679],{"class":155},[52,162300,22441],{"class":110},[52,162302,81],{"class":77},[52,162304,159],{"class":66},[14,162306,164],{},[42,162308,162310],{"className":44,"code":162309,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[49,162311,162312,162319,162326],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162313,162314,162317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162315,162316],{"class":58},"Ana scored ",[52,162318,33279],{"class":110},[52,162320,162321,162324],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162322,162323],{"class":58},"Ben scored ",[52,162325,33284],{"class":110},[52,162327,162328,162331],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162329,162330],{"class":58},"Cara scored ",[52,162332,33289],{"class":110},[14,162334,45083],{},[227,162336,162337,162346,162349],{},[230,162338,162339,162342,162343],{},[49,162340,162341],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[49,162344,162345],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[230,162347,162348],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[230,162350,162351,2262,162353,162355],{},[49,162352,78],{},[49,162354,85679],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162357,162358,162359,35],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[26,162360,69772],{"href":69771},[37,162362,162364],{"id":162363},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162366,162367,162369],{},[49,162368,64478],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162371,162372],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[42,162374,162376],{"className":44,"code":162375,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[49,162377,162378,162419,162435,162439,162463],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162379,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162415,162417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162381,5392],{"class":58},[52,162383,63],{"class":62},[52,162385,4017],{"class":66},[52,162387,81],{"class":73},[52,162389,90],{"class":77},[52,162391,81],{"class":73},[52,162393,193],{"class":66},[52,162395,87],{"class":73},[52,162397,36087],{"class":77},[52,162399,81],{"class":73},[52,162401,193],{"class":66},[52,162403,87],{"class":73},[52,162405,36096],{"class":77},[52,162407,81],{"class":73},[52,162409,193],{"class":66},[52,162411,87],{"class":73},[52,162413,162414],{"class":77},"Dan",[52,162416,81],{"class":73},[52,162418,4030],{"class":66},[52,162420,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162422,1441],{"class":58},[52,162424,63],{"class":62},[52,162426,4017],{"class":66},[52,162428,13858],{"class":110},[52,162430,193],{"class":66},[52,162432,13863],{"class":110},[52,162434,4030],{"class":66},[52,162436,162437],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162438,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,162440,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,162442,6356],{"class":4272},[52,162444,36138],{"class":58},[52,162446,193],{"class":66},[52,162448,5502],{"class":58},[52,162450,4279],{"class":4272},[52,162452,161734],{"class":148},[52,162454,152],{"class":66},[52,162456,5436],{"class":155},[52,162458,193],{"class":66},[52,162460,5507],{"class":155},[52,162462,8737],{"class":66},[52,162464,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,162466,8463],{"class":148},[52,162468,152],{"class":66},[52,162470,78],{"class":155},[52,162472,193],{"class":66},[52,162474,131022],{"class":155},[52,162476,159],{"class":66},[14,162478,164],{},[42,162480,162482],{"className":44,"code":162481,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[49,162483,162484,162490],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162485,162486,162488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162487,134041],{"class":58},[52,162489,33279],{"class":110},[52,162491,162492,162494],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162493,161776],{"class":58},[52,162495,33284],{"class":110},[14,162497,2683,162498,2262,162501,162504],{},[49,162499,162500],{},"\"Cara\"",[49,162502,162503],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162506,162507],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[42,162509,162511],{"className":44,"code":162510,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[49,162512,162513,162553,162569,162573],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162514,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162516,5392],{"class":58},[52,162518,63],{"class":62},[52,162520,4017],{"class":66},[52,162522,81],{"class":73},[52,162524,90],{"class":77},[52,162526,81],{"class":73},[52,162528,193],{"class":66},[52,162530,87],{"class":73},[52,162532,36087],{"class":77},[52,162534,81],{"class":73},[52,162536,193],{"class":66},[52,162538,87],{"class":73},[52,162540,36096],{"class":77},[52,162542,81],{"class":73},[52,162544,193],{"class":66},[52,162546,87],{"class":73},[52,162548,162414],{"class":77},[52,162550,81],{"class":73},[52,162552,4030],{"class":66},[52,162554,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162556,1441],{"class":58},[52,162558,63],{"class":62},[52,162560,4017],{"class":66},[52,162562,13858],{"class":110},[52,162564,193],{"class":66},[52,162566,13863],{"class":110},[52,162568,4030],{"class":66},[52,162570,162571],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162572,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,162574,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,162576,149],{"class":148},[52,162578,152],{"class":66},[52,162580,2082],{"class":148},[52,162582,152],{"class":66},[52,162584,5436],{"class":155},[52,162586,1115],{"class":66},[52,162588,38535],{"class":148},[52,162590,152],{"class":66},[52,162592,1508],{"class":155},[52,162594,742],{"class":66},[14,162596,164],{},[42,162598,162600],{"className":44,"code":162599,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"4 2\n",[49,162601,162602],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162603,162604,162606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162605,2903],{"class":110},[52,162607,45742],{"class":110},[14,162609,162610,162611,35],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[49,162612,64478],{},[37,162614,92270,162616,162618],{"id":162615},"converting-zip-output",[49,162617,64478],{}," output",[14,162620,29202,162621,162623],{},[49,162622,64478],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[487,162625,340,162627],{"id":162626},"use-listzip",[49,162628,162629],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162631,162632],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[42,162634,162636],{"className":44,"code":162635,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[49,162637,162638,162670,162690,162694,162716],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162639,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162641,5392],{"class":58},[52,162643,63],{"class":62},[52,162645,4017],{"class":66},[52,162647,81],{"class":73},[52,162649,90],{"class":77},[52,162651,81],{"class":73},[52,162653,193],{"class":66},[52,162655,87],{"class":73},[52,162657,36087],{"class":77},[52,162659,81],{"class":73},[52,162661,193],{"class":66},[52,162663,87],{"class":73},[52,162665,36096],{"class":77},[52,162667,81],{"class":73},[52,162669,4030],{"class":66},[52,162671,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162673,1441],{"class":58},[52,162675,63],{"class":62},[52,162677,4017],{"class":66},[52,162679,13858],{"class":110},[52,162681,193],{"class":66},[52,162683,13863],{"class":110},[52,162685,193],{"class":66},[52,162687,29061],{"class":110},[52,162689,4030],{"class":66},[52,162691,162692],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162693,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,162695,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,162697,1093],{"class":58},[52,162699,63],{"class":62},[52,162701,22698],{"class":646},[52,162703,152],{"class":66},[52,162705,64548],{"class":148},[52,162707,152],{"class":66},[52,162709,5436],{"class":155},[52,162711,193],{"class":66},[52,162713,5507],{"class":155},[52,162715,742],{"class":66},[52,162717,162718,162720,162722,162724],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,162719,149],{"class":148},[52,162721,152],{"class":66},[52,162723,1168],{"class":155},[52,162725,159],{"class":66},[14,162727,164],{},[42,162729,162731],{"className":44,"code":162730,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[49,162732,162733],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162734,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162736,21878],{"class":66},[52,162738,177],{"class":73},[52,162740,90],{"class":77},[52,162742,177],{"class":73},[52,162744,193],{"class":66},[52,162746,20035],{"class":110},[52,162748,1115],{"class":66},[52,162750,1118],{"class":66},[52,162752,177],{"class":73},[52,162754,36087],{"class":77},[52,162756,177],{"class":73},[52,162758,193],{"class":66},[52,162760,13863],{"class":110},[52,162762,1115],{"class":66},[52,162764,1118],{"class":66},[52,162766,177],{"class":73},[52,162768,36096],{"class":77},[52,162770,177],{"class":73},[52,162772,193],{"class":66},[52,162774,29061],{"class":110},[52,162776,1151],{"class":66},[487,162778,340,162780],{"id":162779},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[49,162781,162782],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162784,162785],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[42,162787,162789],{"className":44,"code":162788,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[49,162790,162791,162823,162851,162855,162877],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162792,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162794,17377],{"class":58},[52,162796,63],{"class":62},[52,162798,4017],{"class":66},[52,162800,81],{"class":73},[52,162802,78],{"class":77},[52,162804,81],{"class":73},[52,162806,193],{"class":66},[52,162808,87],{"class":73},[52,162810,103],{"class":77},[52,162812,81],{"class":73},[52,162814,193],{"class":66},[52,162816,87],{"class":73},[52,162818,1137],{"class":77},[52,162820,81],{"class":73},[52,162822,4030],{"class":66},[52,162824,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162826,4218],{"class":58},[52,162828,63],{"class":62},[52,162830,4017],{"class":66},[52,162832,81],{"class":73},[52,162834,90],{"class":77},[52,162836,81],{"class":73},[52,162838,193],{"class":66},[52,162840,9684],{"class":110},[52,162842,193],{"class":66},[52,162844,87],{"class":73},[52,162846,1146],{"class":77},[52,162848,81],{"class":73},[52,162850,4030],{"class":66},[52,162852,162853],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,162854,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,162856,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,162858,13560],{"class":58},[52,162860,63],{"class":62},[52,162862,647],{"class":646},[52,162864,152],{"class":66},[52,162866,64548],{"class":148},[52,162868,152],{"class":66},[52,162870,2055],{"class":155},[52,162872,193],{"class":66},[52,162874,4282],{"class":155},[52,162876,742],{"class":66},[52,162878,162879,162881,162883,162885],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,162880,149],{"class":148},[52,162882,152],{"class":66},[52,162884,17442],{"class":155},[52,162886,159],{"class":66},[14,162888,164],{},[42,162890,162892],{"className":44,"code":162891,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[49,162893,162894],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162895,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162897,174],{"class":66},[52,162899,177],{"class":73},[52,162901,78],{"class":77},[52,162903,177],{"class":73},[52,162905,84],{"class":66},[52,162907,186],{"class":73},[52,162909,90],{"class":77},[52,162911,177],{"class":73},[52,162913,193],{"class":66},[52,162915,186],{"class":73},[52,162917,103],{"class":77},[52,162919,177],{"class":73},[52,162921,84],{"class":66},[52,162923,9684],{"class":110},[52,162925,193],{"class":66},[52,162927,186],{"class":73},[52,162929,1137],{"class":77},[52,162931,177],{"class":73},[52,162933,84],{"class":66},[52,162935,186],{"class":73},[52,162937,1146],{"class":77},[52,162939,177],{"class":73},[52,162941,135],{"class":66},[14,162943,162944,162945,35],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[26,162946,31229],{"href":31228},[487,162948,162950],{"id":162949},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162952,162953],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[42,162955,162957],{"className":44,"code":162956,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[49,162958,162959,162983,162999,163003,163021,163025,163039],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,162960,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162962,5392],{"class":58},[52,162964,63],{"class":62},[52,162966,4017],{"class":66},[52,162968,81],{"class":73},[52,162970,90],{"class":77},[52,162972,81],{"class":73},[52,162974,193],{"class":66},[52,162976,87],{"class":73},[52,162978,36087],{"class":77},[52,162980,81],{"class":73},[52,162982,4030],{"class":66},[52,162984,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,162986,1441],{"class":58},[52,162988,63],{"class":62},[52,162990,4017],{"class":66},[52,162992,13858],{"class":110},[52,162994,193],{"class":66},[52,162996,13863],{"class":110},[52,162998,4030],{"class":66},[52,163000,163001],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163002,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163006,1093],{"class":58},[52,163008,63],{"class":62},[52,163010,161734],{"class":148},[52,163012,152],{"class":66},[52,163014,5436],{"class":155},[52,163016,193],{"class":66},[52,163018,5507],{"class":155},[52,163020,159],{"class":66},[52,163022,163023],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163024,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163026,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163028,149],{"class":148},[52,163030,152],{"class":66},[52,163032,8488],{"class":646},[52,163034,152],{"class":66},[52,163036,1168],{"class":155},[52,163038,742],{"class":66},[52,163040,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,163042,149],{"class":148},[52,163044,152],{"class":66},[52,163046,8488],{"class":646},[52,163048,152],{"class":66},[52,163050,1168],{"class":155},[52,163052,742],{"class":66},[14,163054,164],{},[42,163056,163058],{"className":44,"code":163057,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[49,163059,163060,163090],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163061,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163063,21878],{"class":66},[52,163065,177],{"class":73},[52,163067,90],{"class":77},[52,163069,177],{"class":73},[52,163071,193],{"class":66},[52,163073,20035],{"class":110},[52,163075,1115],{"class":66},[52,163077,1118],{"class":66},[52,163079,177],{"class":73},[52,163081,36087],{"class":77},[52,163083,177],{"class":73},[52,163085,193],{"class":66},[52,163087,13863],{"class":110},[52,163089,1151],{"class":66},[52,163091,163092],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163093,38446],{"class":66},[14,163095,163096],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,163098,163099,163100,35],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[26,163101,5533],{"href":5984},[37,163103,41196],{"id":41195},[14,163105,163106,163107,35],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[49,163108,64478],{},[487,163110,163112],{"id":163111},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[42,163114,163116],{"className":44,"code":163115,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[49,163117,163118,163150,163170,163174,163198],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163119,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163121,5392],{"class":58},[52,163123,63],{"class":62},[52,163125,4017],{"class":66},[52,163127,81],{"class":73},[52,163129,90],{"class":77},[52,163131,81],{"class":73},[52,163133,193],{"class":66},[52,163135,87],{"class":73},[52,163137,36087],{"class":77},[52,163139,81],{"class":73},[52,163141,193],{"class":66},[52,163143,87],{"class":73},[52,163145,36096],{"class":77},[52,163147,81],{"class":73},[52,163149,4030],{"class":66},[52,163151,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163153,1441],{"class":58},[52,163155,63],{"class":62},[52,163157,4017],{"class":66},[52,163159,13858],{"class":110},[52,163161,193],{"class":66},[52,163163,13863],{"class":110},[52,163165,193],{"class":66},[52,163167,29061],{"class":110},[52,163169,4030],{"class":66},[52,163171,163172],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163173,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163175,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163177,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163179,36138],{"class":58},[52,163181,193],{"class":66},[52,163183,5502],{"class":58},[52,163185,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163187,161734],{"class":148},[52,163189,152],{"class":66},[52,163191,5436],{"class":155},[52,163193,193],{"class":66},[52,163195,5507],{"class":155},[52,163197,8737],{"class":66},[52,163199,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163201,8463],{"class":148},[52,163203,152],{"class":66},[52,163205,22432],{"class":774},[52,163207,81],{"class":77},[52,163209,174],{"class":110},[52,163211,78],{"class":155},[52,163213,22441],{"class":110},[52,163215,22444],{"class":77},[52,163217,174],{"class":110},[52,163219,85679],{"class":155},[52,163221,22441],{"class":110},[52,163223,81],{"class":77},[52,163225,159],{"class":66},[487,163227,163229],{"id":163228},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[42,163231,163233],{"className":44,"code":163232,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[49,163234,163235,163267,163291,163295,163317],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163236,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163238,17377],{"class":58},[52,163240,63],{"class":62},[52,163242,4017],{"class":66},[52,163244,81],{"class":73},[52,163246,13006],{"class":77},[52,163248,81],{"class":73},[52,163250,193],{"class":66},[52,163252,87],{"class":73},[52,163254,78],{"class":77},[52,163256,81],{"class":73},[52,163258,193],{"class":66},[52,163260,87],{"class":73},[52,163262,920],{"class":77},[52,163264,81],{"class":73},[52,163266,4030],{"class":66},[52,163268,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163270,4218],{"class":58},[52,163272,63],{"class":62},[52,163274,4017],{"class":66},[52,163276,46745],{"class":110},[52,163278,193],{"class":66},[52,163280,87],{"class":73},[52,163282,90],{"class":77},[52,163284,81],{"class":73},[52,163286,193],{"class":66},[52,163288,216],{"class":128},[52,163290,4030],{"class":66},[52,163292,163293],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163294,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163296,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163298,616],{"class":58},[52,163300,63],{"class":62},[52,163302,647],{"class":646},[52,163304,152],{"class":66},[52,163306,64548],{"class":148},[52,163308,152],{"class":66},[52,163310,2055],{"class":155},[52,163312,193],{"class":66},[52,163314,4282],{"class":155},[52,163316,742],{"class":66},[52,163318,163319,163321,163323,163325],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163320,149],{"class":148},[52,163322,152],{"class":66},[52,163324,630],{"class":155},[52,163326,159],{"class":66},[487,163328,163330],{"id":163329},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[42,163332,163334],{"className":44,"code":163333,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[49,163335,163336,163356,163376,163380,163405],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163337,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163339,80817],{"class":58},[52,163341,63],{"class":62},[52,163343,4017],{"class":66},[52,163345,2728],{"class":110},[52,163347,193],{"class":66},[52,163349,111],{"class":110},[52,163351,193],{"class":66},[52,163353,1929],{"class":110},[52,163355,4030],{"class":66},[52,163357,163358,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163359,80838],{"class":58},[52,163361,63],{"class":62},[52,163363,4017],{"class":66},[52,163365,2728],{"class":110},[52,163367,193],{"class":66},[52,163369,9684],{"class":110},[52,163371,193],{"class":66},[52,163373,1929],{"class":110},[52,163375,4030],{"class":66},[52,163377,163378],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163379,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163381,163382,163384,163386,163388,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163383,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163385,57044],{"class":58},[52,163387,193],{"class":66},[52,163389,163390],{"class":58}," b ",[52,163392,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163394,161734],{"class":148},[52,163396,152],{"class":66},[52,163398,111909],{"class":155},[52,163400,193],{"class":66},[52,163402,80881],{"class":155},[52,163404,8737],{"class":66},[52,163406,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415,163417],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163408,8463],{"class":148},[52,163410,152],{"class":66},[52,163412,2953],{"class":155},[52,163414,5084],{"class":62},[52,163416,2958],{"class":155},[52,163418,159],{"class":66},[14,163420,164],{},[42,163422,163424],{"className":44,"code":163423,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[49,163425,163426,163430,163434],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163427,163428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163429,4374],{"class":128},[52,163431,163432],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163433,4435],{"class":128},[52,163435,163436],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163437,4374],{"class":128},[487,163439,163441],{"id":163440},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[42,163443,163445],{"className":44,"code":163444,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[49,163446,163447,163482,163505,163509,163536],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163448,163449,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163469,163471,163473,163475,163478,163480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163450,163451],{"class":58},"products ",[52,163453,63],{"class":62},[52,163455,4017],{"class":66},[52,163457,81],{"class":73},[52,163459,25280],{"class":77},[52,163461,81],{"class":73},[52,163463,193],{"class":66},[52,163465,87],{"class":73},[52,163467,163468],{"class":77},"Pen",[52,163470,81],{"class":73},[52,163472,193],{"class":66},[52,163474,87],{"class":73},[52,163476,163477],{"class":77},"Bag",[52,163479,81],{"class":73},[52,163481,4030],{"class":66},[52,163483,163484,163486,163488,163490,163493,163495,163498,163500,163503],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163485,83207],{"class":58},[52,163487,63],{"class":62},[52,163489,4017],{"class":66},[52,163491,163492],{"class":110},"12.5",[52,163494,193],{"class":66},[52,163496,163497],{"class":110}," 1.2",[52,163499,193],{"class":66},[52,163501,163502],{"class":110}," 25.0",[52,163504,4030],{"class":66},[52,163506,163507],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163508,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163510,163511,163513,163515,163517,163520,163522,163524,163526,163529,163531,163534],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163512,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163514,25341],{"class":58},[52,163516,193],{"class":66},[52,163518,163519],{"class":58}," price ",[52,163521,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163523,161734],{"class":148},[52,163525,152],{"class":66},[52,163527,163528],{"class":155},"products",[52,163530,193],{"class":66},[52,163532,163533],{"class":155}," prices",[52,163535,8737],{"class":66},[52,163537,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163539,8463],{"class":148},[52,163541,152],{"class":66},[52,163543,22432],{"class":774},[52,163545,81],{"class":77},[52,163547,174],{"class":110},[52,163549,27149],{"class":155},[52,163551,22441],{"class":110},[52,163553,163554],{"class":77}," costs $",[52,163556,174],{"class":110},[52,163558,25289],{"class":155},[52,163560,22441],{"class":110},[52,163562,81],{"class":77},[52,163564,159],{"class":66},[14,163566,36749,163567,35],{},[26,163568,163570],{"href":163569},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[37,163572,163574,163575],{"id":163573},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[49,163576,64478],{},[487,163578,8849,163580,163582],{"id":163579},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[49,163581,64478],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163584,163585,163587],{},[49,163586,64478],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163589,163590],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[42,163592,163594],{"className":44,"code":163593,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[49,163595,163596],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163597,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163599,149],{"class":148},[52,163601,152],{"class":66},[52,163603,2082],{"class":148},[52,163605,152],{"class":66},[52,163607,111909],{"class":155},[52,163609,1115],{"class":66},[52,163611,38535],{"class":148},[52,163613,152],{"class":66},[52,163615,81104],{"class":155},[52,163617,742],{"class":66},[487,163619,163621],{"id":163620},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163623,68995],{},[42,163625,163627],{"className":44,"code":163626,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[49,163628,163629,163665,163669,163682,163692,163696,163708],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163630,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163632,1093],{"class":58},[52,163634,63],{"class":62},[52,163636,161734],{"class":148},[52,163638,2152],{"class":66},[52,163640,1565],{"class":110},[52,163642,193],{"class":66},[52,163644,1570],{"class":110},[52,163646,18198],{"class":66},[52,163648,4017],{"class":66},[52,163650,81],{"class":73},[52,163652,26],{"class":77},[52,163654,81],{"class":73},[52,163656,193],{"class":66},[52,163658,87],{"class":73},[52,163660,5157],{"class":77},[52,163662,81],{"class":73},[52,163664,1718],{"class":66},[52,163666,163667],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163668,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163670,163671,163673,163675,163677,163680],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163672,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163674,6359],{"class":58},[52,163676,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163678,163679],{"class":58}," pairs",[52,163681,6792],{"class":66},[52,163683,163684,163686,163688,163690],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163685,8463],{"class":148},[52,163687,152],{"class":66},[52,163689,23449],{"class":155},[52,163691,159],{"class":66},[52,163693,163694],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163695,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163697,163698,163700,163702,163704,163706],{"class":54,"line":138},[52,163699,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163701,6359],{"class":58},[52,163703,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163705,163679],{"class":58},[52,163707,6792],{"class":66},[52,163709,163710,163712,163714,163716],{"class":54,"line":145},[52,163711,8463],{"class":148},[52,163713,152],{"class":66},[52,163715,23449],{"class":155},[52,163717,159],{"class":66},[14,163719,163720],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[487,163722,163724],{"id":163723},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163726,163727],{},"This is correct:",[42,163729,163731],{"className":44,"code":163730,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[49,163732,163733,163757,163773,163777,163801],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163734,163735,163737,163739,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163736,5392],{"class":58},[52,163738,63],{"class":62},[52,163740,4017],{"class":66},[52,163742,81],{"class":73},[52,163744,90],{"class":77},[52,163746,81],{"class":73},[52,163748,193],{"class":66},[52,163750,87],{"class":73},[52,163752,36087],{"class":77},[52,163754,81],{"class":73},[52,163756,4030],{"class":66},[52,163758,163759,163761,163763,163765,163767,163769,163771],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163760,1441],{"class":58},[52,163762,63],{"class":62},[52,163764,4017],{"class":66},[52,163766,13858],{"class":110},[52,163768,193],{"class":66},[52,163770,13863],{"class":110},[52,163772,4030],{"class":66},[52,163774,163775],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163776,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163778,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793,163795,163797,163799],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163780,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163782,36138],{"class":58},[52,163784,193],{"class":66},[52,163786,5502],{"class":58},[52,163788,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163790,161734],{"class":148},[52,163792,152],{"class":66},[52,163794,5436],{"class":155},[52,163796,193],{"class":66},[52,163798,5507],{"class":155},[52,163800,8737],{"class":66},[52,163802,163803,163805,163807,163809,163811,163813],{"class":54,"line":132},[52,163804,8463],{"class":148},[52,163806,152],{"class":66},[52,163808,78],{"class":155},[52,163810,193],{"class":66},[52,163812,131022],{"class":155},[52,163814,159],{"class":66},[14,163816,163817],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[42,163819,163821],{"className":44,"code":163820,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[49,163822,163823,163843],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163824,163825,163827,163829,163831,163833,163835,163837,163839,163841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163826,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163828,6359],{"class":58},[52,163830,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163832,161734],{"class":148},[52,163834,152],{"class":66},[52,163836,5436],{"class":155},[52,163838,193],{"class":66},[52,163840,5507],{"class":155},[52,163842,8737],{"class":66},[52,163844,163845,163847,163849,163851],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163846,8463],{"class":148},[52,163848,152],{"class":66},[52,163850,23449],{"class":155},[52,163852,159],{"class":66},[14,163854,164],{},[42,163856,163858],{"className":44,"code":163857,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[49,163859,163860,163876],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163861,163862,163864,163866,163868,163870,163872,163874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163863,152],{"class":66},[52,163865,177],{"class":73},[52,163867,90],{"class":77},[52,163869,177],{"class":73},[52,163871,193],{"class":66},[52,163873,20035],{"class":110},[52,163875,159],{"class":66},[52,163877,163878,163880,163882,163884,163886,163888,163890],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163879,152],{"class":66},[52,163881,177],{"class":73},[52,163883,36087],{"class":77},[52,163885,177],{"class":73},[52,163887,193],{"class":66},[52,163889,13863],{"class":110},[52,163891,159],{"class":66},[14,163893,163894],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[487,163896,8813,163898,163900,163901],{"id":163897},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[49,163899,64478],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[49,163902,35895],{},[14,163904,340,163905,163907],{},[49,163906,64478],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163909,340,163910,163912],{},[49,163911,35895],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[42,163914,163915],{"className":44,"code":36064,"language":46,"meta":47,"style":47},[49,163916,163917,163949,163953,163973],{"__ignoreMap":47},[52,163918,163919,163921,163923,163925,163927,163929,163931,163933,163935,163937,163939,163941,163943,163945,163947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163920,5392],{"class":58},[52,163922,63],{"class":62},[52,163924,4017],{"class":66},[52,163926,81],{"class":73},[52,163928,90],{"class":77},[52,163930,81],{"class":73},[52,163932,193],{"class":66},[52,163934,87],{"class":73},[52,163936,36087],{"class":77},[52,163938,81],{"class":73},[52,163940,193],{"class":66},[52,163942,87],{"class":73},[52,163944,36096],{"class":77},[52,163946,81],{"class":73},[52,163948,4030],{"class":66},[52,163950,163951],{"class":54,"line":70},[52,163952,142],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":141},[52,163954,163955,163957,163959,163961,163963,163965,163967,163969,163971],{"class":54,"line":98},[52,163956,6356],{"class":4272},[52,163958,35967],{"class":58},[52,163960,193],{"class":66},[52,163962,36115],{"class":58},[52,163964,4279],{"class":4272},[52,163966,35977],{"class":148},[52,163968,152],{"class":66},[52,163970,5436],{"class":155},[52,163972,8737],{"class":66},[52,163974,163975,163977,163979,163981,163983,163985],{"class":54,"line":116},[52,163976,8463],{"class":148},[52,163978,152],{"class":66},[52,163980,35992],{"class":155},[52,163982,193],{"class":66},[52,163984,36138],{"class":155},[52,163986,159],{"class":66},[14,163988,163989,163990,35],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[26,163991,3969,163992,3902],{"href":92182},[49,163993,35895],{},[37,163995,2220],{"id":2219},[487,163997,5539,163999,5542],{"id":163998},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[49,164000,64478],{},[14,164002,164003],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[487,164005,13061,164007,164009],{"id":164006},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[49,164008,64478],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,164011,164012],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[487,164014,164016,164017,2265],{"id":164015},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[49,164018,64478],{},[14,164020,164021,164022,35],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[49,164023,162629],{},[487,164025,164027,164028,2265],{"id":164026},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[49,164029,64478],{},[14,164031,128387,164032,164034],{},[49,164033,162782],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[487,164036,164038],{"id":164037},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,164040,164041],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[37,164043,2277],{"id":2276},[227,164045,164046,164051,164057,164061,164065],{},[230,164047,164048],{},[26,164049,164050],{"href":163569},"How to use zip in Python",[230,164052,164053],{},[26,164054,3969,164055,3902],{"href":92182},[49,164056,35895],{},[230,164058,164059],{},[26,164060,5613],{"href":5984},[230,164062,164063],{},[26,164064,69848],{"href":69771},[230,164066,164067],{},[26,164068,32403],{"href":31228},[2315,164070,164071],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":47,"searchDepth":70,"depth":70,"links":164073},[164074,164075,164077,164078,164079,164080,164088,164094,164103,164114],{"id":39,"depth":70,"text":40},{"id":161793,"depth":70,"text":164076},"What zip() does",{"id":2552,"depth":70,"text":2553},{"id":162186,"depth":70,"text":162187},{"id":162363,"depth":70,"text":162364},{"id":162615,"depth":70,"text":164081,"children":164082},"Converting zip() output",[164083,164085,164087],{"id":162626,"depth":98,"text":164084},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162779,"depth":98,"text":164086},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162949,"depth":98,"text":162950},{"id":41195,"depth":70,"text":41196,"children":164089},[164090,164091,164092,164093],{"id":163111,"depth":98,"text":163112},{"id":163228,"depth":98,"text":163229},{"id":163329,"depth":98,"text":163330},{"id":163440,"depth":98,"text":163441},{"id":163573,"depth":70,"text":164095,"children":164096},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164097,164099,164100,164101],{"id":163579,"depth":98,"text":164098},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163620,"depth":98,"text":163621},{"id":163723,"depth":98,"text":163724},{"id":163897,"depth":98,"text":164102},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2219,"depth":70,"text":2220,"children":164104},[164105,164107,164109,164111,164113],{"id":163998,"depth":98,"text":164106},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164006,"depth":98,"text":164108},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164015,"depth":98,"text":164110},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164026,"depth":98,"text":164112},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164037,"depth":98,"text":164038},{"id":2276,"depth":70,"text":2277},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161635,"description":164115},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944925983]